‘systems approach’ was used to investigate changes that would enhance final produce quality and reduce postharvest losses of hot peppers. A survey of producers and traders was completed at seven market outlets in Trinidad. The major technological and socio-economic constraints leading to quality deterioration and postharvest losses were investigated in the survey and tested experimentally to develop solutions for quality maintenance and management. As fruits moved through the various steps in the postharvest handling system in the various market outlets, there were declines in marketable quality resulting in qualitative and quantitative losses. Postharvest losses varied according to market outlet. Postharvest losses arising from physical damages were influenced by poor harvesting techniques, inappropriate selection and design of harvest containers with varying depths, rough handling during loading and unloading and transportation modes and distances from field to packinghouse or eventual market outlet. Physiological damages such as chilling injury symptoms dominated supermarket outlets with and without chain stores. At all market outlets indiscriminate use of modified atmosphere packaging at temperature extremes had deleterious effects on fruit quality. Pathological losses often originated from physical damages and exposure to chilling temperatures resulted in secondary infections. Inadequate pre-harvest disease management protocols also contributed to multiple infections and disease proliferation. Entomological damages incurred prior to harvest contributed to losses due to ineffective pest management and poor coordination of postharvest sorting and grading practices. Other socioeconomic constraints such as lack of postharvest knowledge and skills, impediments to flow of information to system participants, absence of postharvest training programmes, poor infrastructure and lack of incentives made early prediction of damage difficult. Against this background experiments were conducted using various approaches to quality management including postharvest dip treatments, modified atmosphere packaging and temperature management. Accordingly, it was demonstrated that hot peppers treated with a combined dip consisting of sodium hypochlorite and calcium chloride and packaged in micro-perforated high density polyethylene bags (HDPE) stored best at 100C after 25 days. Chilling injury damage of hot peppers in micro-perforated bags at 50C was slower than in fruits in sealed HDPE bags or control fruits in paper bags.
- Page(s): 01-09
- Date of Publication: 16 October 2016
- Majeed MohammedDepartment of Food Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad
- Lawrence A. WilsonDepartment of Food Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad
- Patrick I. GomesDepartment of Food Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad
References
[1]. Bridgemohan, P., Mohamed, M. El S; Mohammed, M; Felder, D. 2016. Hot peppers: iv. HPLC determination of the relative pungency and fruit quality attributes of eight Caribbean hot pepper landraces. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 3(8): 17-29. [2]. Cortbaoui, P. E. and Ngadi, M. O. 2016. Characterization of postharvest practices and losses of fresh produce along the Caribbean supply chain: Guyana and St. Kitts-Nevis. Journal of Postharvest Technology, 4(1): 16-25. [3]. Crowe, K; Bushway, A. A; Bushway, R. J. 2005. Effects of alternative postharvest treatments on the microbiological quality of low bush blueberries. Small Fruits Review, 4: 29-39. [4]. Faulkner, C. and Robatzek, S. 2012. Plants and pathogens: putting infection strategies and defence mechanisms on the map. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 15(6): 699-707. [5]. Ferguson, R.J. and Drobak, B.K. 1988. Calcium and the regulation of plant growth and senescence. HortScience, 23(2): 262-266. [6]. Felix, N; Seepersad, G. and Iton, A. 2010. Competitive assessment of the USA/Miami market for Trinidad and Tobago Habanero hot peppers. Proceedings of the 46th Caribbean Food Crops Society Meeting, 46: 225-226. [7]. Grierson, W. 1966. Consumer packages for Florida citrus fruits. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 97: 274- 280. [8]. Grierson, W. 1969. Consumer packaging for Florida citrus fruits, Proceedings of the First International Citrus Symposium 3, 1389- 1401, University of California, Riverside, USA, 12 pp. [9]. Joyce, D. C; Beasley, D. R. and Shorter, A. J. 1997. Effect of preharvest bagging of fruit calcium level and storage and ripening of ‘Sensation’ mangoes. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 35, 657-659. [10]. Kader, A. A. and Cantwell, M. 2010. Produce quality: rating scales and colour charts. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 23: University of California, Davis, USA. [11]. Kitinoja, L; Saran, S; Roy, S.K. and Kader, A.A. 2011. Postharvest technology for developing countries: Challenges and opportunities in Research, Outreach and Advocacy. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 91: 597-603. [12]. La Gra, J; Leon, P.C. and Haggerty, R.J. 1986. Postharvest methodology loss report. GTS Report 79: FAO Publ. 43 pp. [13]. Lasekan, O. O. 2006. Effect of calcium on the storage life of oro (Antiaris africana). Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture 51: 281-284. [14]. Matui, T. M; Kimeu, E. N. and Opile, W. R. 2011. Effect of postharvest treatments on the quality and shelf life of avocado (Persea americana). African Journal of Horticultural Science, 5: 9-17. [15]. McGuire, R. G. and Kelman, A. 1982. Relationship between calcium levels in potato tubers and Erwinia soft rot. Phytopathology, 72 1138 (Abstract). [16]. Mohammed, M. 1990. Effect of polyethylene bags, temperature and time on postharvest quality of hot peppers. Trop. Agric. 67(3): 194-199. [17]. Mohammed, M. Wilson L. A. and P. I. Gomes P.I. 2014. Occurrence, manifestation and alleviation of chilling injury of hot peppers (Capsicum chinense L.). Acta Horticulturae 1016: 89-94. [18]. National Food Production Action Plan 2012-2015. Agriculture now. 22 pp. [19]. Palou, L. and Crisosto, H. C. 2003. Postharvest treatments to reduce the harmful effect of ethylene on apricots. Acta Horticulturae, 599: 31-38. [20]. Sams, C. E; Conway, S. W; Abbott, J. A; Lewis, R. J. and Ben- Shalom, N. 1993. Firmness and decay of apples following postharvest pressure infiltration of calcium and heat treatment. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 118: 623- 627. [21]. Wallace, M; Seepersad, G; and Iton, A. 2015. Considerations in moving agricultural commodities from farm to export. In: Sustainable Food Production. Practices (Eds. W. Ganpat and W. Isaac), Chapter 17, 348-370. [22]. Wilson, L. A. 1991. The management of perishables: Key aspects of postharvest handling and marketing, Feature Address CEPAT National course. January-March 1991, 8pp.
Majeed Mohammed, Lawrence A. Wilson and Patrick I. Gomes "Sodium Hypochlorite Combined with Calcium Chloride and Modified Atmosphere Packaging Reduce Postharvest Losses of Hot Pepper" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-(IJRSI) vol.3 issue 10, pp.01-09 2016
In the 1990s, GSM emerged as a cutting-edge technology that promised improved services, mobility, security, and increase in the revenues of companies through improved, secure communication for business transactions. The practical experience, however, has shown global subscribers and companies that mere technological excellence of GSM has not resulted in its success. This paper has been carried out to analyse the existing GSM subscriber activities in both personal and business worlds by implementing a customized GSM baseband protocol stack on a phone. The paper encompasses the tasks of analysing the prevailing GSM insecurity, establishing a conceptual design towards the findings revealed in the practical personal and business environments and knowledge gathered from the literature.
- Page(s): 10-18
- Date of Publication: 16 October 2016
- Ene DonaldRivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria
- Osagie Nosa FavourRivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria
References
[1]. Chamberlain, S. et al. (2010). The Red Hat newlib C Library.
[Online PDF]. Available at:
Ene Donald, Osagie Nosa Favour "Analysing GSM Insecurity" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 10, pp.10-18 2016
In the present analysis of fluid flow, there are two cases. In first case, CFD Analysis of wavy microchannel heat sink with hemispherical obstructions is done in Ansys CFX package and the simulation results are obtained for pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics for single phase laminar flow. For this analysis the geometry of the channel has been made wavy edge with rectangular entry and exit. Then the obstructions with hemispherical shape have been put at the particular wavelength. Water is taken as coolant and cooper is used as a sink material. The main aim of changing the geometry of the straight channel to wavy channel with the inclusion of hemispherical obstructions is to increase the surface area and contact time of coolant with the heated surface to increase the temperature rise by decreasing thermal resistance. In the second case, comparison of simulation results of the first case with experimental results of rectangular microchannel obtained by Weilin Qu and Issam Mudawar. Both the micro-channels have a width of 0.23mm and height of 0.71 mm. The aspect ratio (ɣ) and the length of both the channels is kept same as 0.32 and 44.7mm respectively. The diameter of hemispherical obstruction is taken as 0.22 mm. The analysis for both the micro-channels is done for five sets of Reynolds number which are 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 respectively. The two values of heat flux used are 100W/2 and 200W/2 .After constructing the geometry in solid works and partially in the Design Modular, the simulation is done on ANSYS CFX.
- Page(s): 19-26
- Date of Publication: 16 October 2016
- Rajnish KumarM. Tech Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi-110042, India
- M. ZunaidAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi-110042, India
References
[1] I. Mudawar, W. Qu, Experimental and numerical study of pressure drop and heat transfer in a single-phase micro-channel heat sink, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer 45(2002) 2549-2565. [2] G.M. Mala, D. Li, J.D. Dale, Heat transfer and fluid flow in micro-channels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 40 (1997) 3079-3088. [3] L.T. Yeh, Review of heat transfer technologies in electronic equipment, ASME J. Electron. Packag. 117 (1995) 333–339. [4] D.B. Tuckerman, R.F.W. Pease, High-performance heat sinking for VLSI, IEEE Electron. Dev. Lett. EDL-2 (1981) 126–129. [5] I. Mudawar, M.B. Bowers, Ultra-high critical heat flux (CHF) for subcooled water flow boiling ––I: CHF data and parametric effects for small diameter tubes, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 42 (1999) 1405–1428. [6] I. Mudawar, W. Qu, Analysis of three dimensional heat transfer in micro-channels, Int. J Heat and Mass Transfer 45 (2002) 3973- 3985. [7] K. Kawano, K. Minakami, H. Iwasaki, M. Ishizuka, Micro channel heat exchanger for cooling electrical equipment, Application of Heat Transfer in Equipment, Systems and Education, ASME HTD-361-3/PID-3, 1998, pp. 173–180. [8] A. Bejan, A.M. Morega, Optimal arrays of pin fins and plate fins in laminar forced convection, ASME J. Heat Transfer 115 (1993) 75–81. [9] A.G. Fedorov, R. Viskanta, Three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer in the microchannel heat sink for electronic packaging, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 43 (2000) 399–415. [10] X.F. Peng, G.P. Peterson, Convective heat transfer and flow friction for water flow in microchannel structures, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 39 (1996) 2599–2608. [11] K.K. Ambatipudi, M.M. Rahman, Analysis of conjugate heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks Numer. Heat Transfer A, 37 (2000), pp. 711–731. [12] Y. Sui, C.J. Teo, P.S. Lee, Y.T. Chew, C. Shu, Fluid flow and heat transfer in wavy micro-channels Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 53 (2010), pp. 2760–2772. [13] P. Gunnasegaran, H.A. Mohammed, N.H. Shuaib, R. Saidur, The effect of geometrical parameters on heat transfer characteristics of micro-channels heat sink with different shapes Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, 37 (8) (2010), pp. 1078–1086 [14] E. Utriainen, B. Sunden, Numerical analysis of primary surface trapezoidal cross wavy duct Int. J. Numer. Method Heat Fluid Flow, 10 (6) (2000), pp. 634–648. [15] S. Kandlikar, S. Garimella, D. Li, S. Colin, M.R. King, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Minichannels and Microchannels, Elsevier, USA, 2005. [16] E. Utriainen, B. Sunden, Numerical analysis of primary surface trapezoidal cross wavy duct, Int. J. Numer. Method Heat Fluid Flow 10 (6) (2000) 634–648. [17] W. Yang, J. Zhang, H. Cheng, The study of flow characteristics of curved microchannel, Appl. Therm. Eng. 25 (2010) 1894– 1907. [18] R.K. Shah, A.L. London, Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Ducts, Academic Press, New York, 1978. [19] S.G. Kandlikar, W.J. Grande, Evaluation of single phase flow in microchannels for high heat flux chip cooling – thermohydraulic performance enhancement and fabrication technology, Heat Transfer Eng. 25 (8) (2004) 5–16. [20] S.V. Garimella, C.B. Sobhan, Transport in microchannels – a critical review, Annu. Rev. Heat Transfer 13 (2003) 1–50.
Rajnish Kumar, M. Zunaid "CFD Analysis of Wavy Microchannel Heat Sink with Hemispherical Obstructions and Comparing it with Experimental Results of Rectangular Microchannel Heat Sink" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 10, pp.19-26 2016
The environment can have a significant impact on shrimp Penaeus Monodon health, growth and production. While change in salinity that affects the shrimp health. In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the salinity stress 15 ppt (control), 5, 25, 35 and 45 ppt (experimental), which induced changes in biochemical constituents of muscle, gill and hepatopancreas of P. Monodon during 60 min. interval. The protein content of muscle and gill was gradually increased at 5 to 45 ppt, whereas hepatopancreas protein showed high at 25 ppt and low at 5, 35 and 45 ppt when compared to control. The carbohydrate content of muscle, gill and hepatopancreas showed more at 5 to 35 ppt and low at 45 ppt salinity. The trend noticed for the variation in lipid content of muscle and gill of P. Monodon at 5 ppt to 45 ppt showed a steady increasing trend. The hepatopancreas lipid content showed fluctuation in all the experimental groups (5 to 45 ppt) and was more when compared with control (15 ppt).
- Page(s): 27-29
- Date of Publication: 16 October 2016
- Dr. A. TamilselviDepartment of Zoology, Lekshmipuram College of Arts & Science, Neyyoor, India
- Dr. S. J. SreejaDepartment of Zoology, Lekshmipuram College of Arts & Science, Neyyoor, India
- P. Nandha KumariDepartment of Zoology, Lekshmipuram College of Arts & Science, Neyyoor, India
- Dr. A. PalavesamHOD, Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelvel, India
[1]. Alderdice, D.F. 1972. Factors combinations responses of marine poikilotherms to environmental factors acting in concert, In: Kinne, O. (Ed.) Marine Ecology, Environmental Factors, Wiley London, 3: 1659-1722. [2]. Bindhu, R. and Diwan, A.D, 2002. Effects of acute salinity stress on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates of the marine shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 22(1): 45-52. [3]. Bucke, D. 1993. Aquatic pollution: Effects on the health of fish and shellfish. Parasitology, 106: S25-S37. [4]. Chanratchakool, P. 2003. Problems in P.monodon culture in low salinity areas. Aquaculture, 8(1): 54-55. [5]. Claybrook, D.L. 1983. Nitrogen metabolism. In: Mantel, L.H. The Biology of Crustacea, Internal Anatomy and Physiological Regulation, Academic Press, New York, 5: 163- 213. [6]. Febry, R. and Lutz, P. 1987. Energy partitioning in fish: Activity- related cost of osmoregulation in euryhaline cichlid. Journal of Experimental Biology, 28: 63-85. [7]. George, K.C., Gijo Htoop, P.C., Thomas, K.S., Sobhana, K.S., Sanil, N.K. and Nisha, P.C. 2001. Haemolymph protein profile of the edible oyster Crossostrea madrasensis exposed to different salinities. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 48(4): 391-395. [8]. Hall, M.R. and Van Ham, E.H. 1998. The effects of different types of stress on blood glucose in the giant tiger prawn P. monodon. Journal of World Aquaculture, 29: 290-299. [9]. Iwama, G.K., Pickering, A.D., Sumpter, J.P. and Schreck, C.B. 1997. Fish stress and health in aquaculture society. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University, Exp. Bio. Sem.Ser., 62: 287. [10]. Kinne, O. 1971. Salinity. Animals: Invertebrates. In: Kinne, O. (Ed.) Marine Ecology, 1: 821-995. [11]. Laxminarayana, A. 2001. Improved shrimp farming techniques for environmental stability. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Aquaculture and Environment organized by CUSAT and Wageningen Agricultural University, Netherland, 16-28. [12]. Lee, D.O. and Wickins, J.F. 1992. Crustacean farming. Oxfords, UK, Blackwell Scientific Publications. [13]. Malins, D.C. and Ostrander, G.K, 1991. Perspectives in aquatic toxicology. Ann.Rev.Pharmacol., 31: 371-399. [14]. Raj, R.P. and Raj, P.J.S. 1982. Effect of salinity on growth and survival of three species of penaeid prawns. Proc. Symp. Coastal Aquaculture, 236-243. [15]. Ross, K. Mc Carthy, U. Huntly, P.J. Wood, B. P. Stuart, D. Rough, E.I. Smail, D.A. and Bruno, D.W. 1994. An outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) in turbot Scophthalmus maximus in Scotland. Bull.Eur.Ass.Fish Pathol., 14(6): 213-214. [16]. Sivakami, S. 1988. Observations on the effect of fertilizer and feed applications on the growth of P. indicus. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 35: 18-25. [17]. Staples, D.J. and Heales, D.S. 1991. Temperature and salinity optima for growth and survival of juvenile banana prawns P.merquiensis. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 154: 251-274.
Dr. A. Tamilselvi, Dr. S. J. Sreeja, P. Nandha Kumari, Dr. A. Palavesam "Studies on Salinity Stress on the Biochemical Composition of Tissues in Shrimp Penaeus Monodon" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 10, pp.27-29 2016
The Indian banking sector is the backbone of the Indian economy. The two watershed events in the Indian banking industry are the nationalization of banks in the year 1969 and the initiation of economic reforms in the year1991. Since 1991, the size of the Indian economy has increased by 15 times in terms of GDP at market prices, whereas the gross domestic savings have increased by almost 17 times and the household financial savings have expanded by 16 times during the same period. The banking structure has played a crucial role in the mobilization of savings and promotion of economic development. The CAMEL approach mainly considered for the purpose of to know the performance of the different public sector and private sector banks by the different tools like capital adequacy, asset quality, management capability, earnings capacity, liquidity. The analysis of the financial performance of the selected public and private sector banks in India and to determine the factors that predominantly affect the financial performance of the Indian banking sector with efficiently and accurately. The four factors profit per employee, debt-equity ratio, total assets-to-total deposits ratio, Net NPA’s-to-total advances ratio are the major dependent factors impacting the financial performance of the banks taking return on assets as an independent variable.
- Page(s): 30-35
- Date of Publication: 16 October 2016
- G. L. MeenaAssociate Professor, Department of MBA, Golden Valley Integrated Campus, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
References
[1]. Khatik, S.K. (2002). Financial Appraisal of IDBI Bank Ltd. Indian Journal of Accounting, XXXIII, 35-42. [2]. Mittal, R.K. (2001). Performance evaluation of RRBs: A case study of hisar-sirsakshetriya gramin bank. The Management Accountant, 36(11), 833-844. [3]. Mohanty, B.K. (2006). Role of Loan Classification Norms and Legal measures in NPA Management of Banks. The Management Accountant, 41(1), 7-12. [4]. Kumar M.A. (2012), “Analyzing Soundness in Indian Banking: A Camel Approach”, Research Journal of Management Sciences, ISSN: 2319–1171, Vol. 1, No. 3 accessed from https://www.isca.in/IJMS/Archive/v1i3/2.ISCA-RJMS-2012- 028.pdf on 22-Sept-2014. [5]. Lakhtaria N. J. (2013), “A Comparative Study of the Selected Public Sector Banks through Camel Model”, Indian Journal of Research, Vol. 2, and No. 4 accessed from theglobaljournals.com/paripex/file.php?val=April_2013...113f4... on 22-Sept-2014. [6]. Malhotra, P. K. (2013), “Performance Appraisal of Indian Public Sector Banks”, World Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 3. No. 3 accessed from www.wjsspapers.com static/documents/May/2013 /7.%20Parvesh.pdf on 23-Sept-2014. [7]. Mishra M.K. (2011), “Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector Banks in India: Analysis of Camel and DEA Approach”, International Academic Research Journal of Economics and Finance, ISSN: 2227-6254 Vol. 3, No. 1 accessed from acrpub.com on 22-Sept-2014. [8]. Aspal P.K. (2013), “A Camel Model Analysis of State Bank Group”, World Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.3, No.4 accessed from www.econjournals.com /index.php/ijefi/ article/ view file /814 /pdf on 20-Sept-2014. [9]. Chaudhary G. (2014), “Performance Comparison of Private Sector Banks with the Public Sector Banks in India”, International Journal of Emerging Research in Management & Technology, ISSN: 2278-9359, Vol. 3, No. 2, accessed from www.ermt.net /docs/papers /Volume_3/2.../V3N2-114.pdf on 20-Sept-2014. [10]. Desai D.S. (2013), “Performance Evaluation of Indian Banking Analysis”, International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences, ISSN: 2320-771x, Vol. 1, No. 6 accessed from raijmr.com/wp content/uploads/2013/10/7_30-36-Dhaval-S.- Desai.pdf on 20Sept-2014. [11]. Gupta R. (2014), “An Analysis of Indian Public Sector Banks Using Camel Approach”, IOSR Journal of Business and Management, E-ISSN: 2278-487x, Vol. 16, No. 1 accessed from iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol16- issue1/...4/L0161494102.pdf on 20-Sept-2014. [12]. Hui, X. (2012), “A Comparison of Financial Performance of Commercial Banks: A Case Study of Nepal”, African Journal of Business Management, ISSN: 1993-8233, Vol. 6, No. 25 accessed on 20-Sept-2014.
G. L. Meena "Financial Analysis of Select Banks Using Camel Approach a Study with Reference to Indian Banking Industry" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 10, pp.30-35 2016
The Ceropegia Bulbosa Roxb belongs to the Asclepiadoideae family and it is found in western ghats of Kolhapur and Rajasthan in India. The tubers and leaves of Ceropegia bulbosa R are eaten and considered to be tonic and digestive. Preliminary Phytochemical analysis of hydro alcoholic extract of Ceropegia bulbosa tubers was done and showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, tannis, glycosides, alkaloids, phytosterols, flavonoids. The present study was intended to evaluate the in-vitro immunomodulatory activity of hydro alcoholic extract of dried bulbs of Ceropegia Bulbosa Roxb . Effect of the extract was evaluated at various concentrations (832 μg/ml to 6.5 μg/ml) for secretion of mediators like nitric oxide, superoxide, lysosomal enzyme and myeloperoxidase activity of isolated murine peritoneal macrophages. The extract showed in-vitro phagocytic stimulation of nitric oxide, lysosomal enzyme and myeloperoxidase activity in peritoneal mouse macrophages. In-vitro phagocytic index showed significant results and thus proving the need for confirmation through invivo studies..
- Page(s): 36-40
- Date of Publication: 16 October 2016
- Dr. Vanita G. KanaseAssistant Professor, Orietal College of Pharmacy, Sanpada, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaNIMS University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
- Dr. Brijendra B. JainAssociate Director, YSPM’s - Yashoda Technical Campus, Satara, Maharashtra, IndiaNIMS University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
- Dr. Pramila YadavProfessor, Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaNIMS University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Reference
[1]. Sharma P. 1983 Charak Samhita. Chikitasasthana. Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi , India . P. 54 [2]. Thatte U. M., Dahanukar S.A.,1986, Ayurveda and contemporary scientific thought , trends in pharmacological sciences 7, 247. [3]. Wagner H. 1999 In: Dhanukar S. A., Thatte U. M., Rege N. M., Birkhauser (Eds.), Immunomodulatory agents from plants, Verlag, Basel. Switzerland, pp. 289-323. [4]. Gottlieb A.A., Gottlieb M.S. Scholes V.E. 1987, Reconstitution of immune functions in AIDS /ARC. Concepts in Immunopathology 4, 261-274. [5]. Sivakumar, K.; Eswaramurthy, S.;Sabramanian, K.;Natarajan,S. Acta Crystallogr.1990, C46, 839-841 [6]. Prachi khare, Vinod kumar Mishra, Kakkar arun, Neetu bais, Rajendra singh , study on in vitro anti-lithiatic activity of phyllanthus niruri linn. leaves by homogenous precipitation and turbiditory method, Vol 6, Issue 4, 2014. [7]. Jain Monika, Bhandari Anil, Bhandari Aakanksha, Patel Priyanka “Isolation,Characterization and Invitro Antiurolithiatic activityof Cerpegin Alkaloid from Ceropegia bulbosa var.Lushii root” Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., October-December 2012, 4(4): 154-160. [8]. Upadhyay B, Dhaker PA, Kumar A. Ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmaco-statistical studies of Eastern, Rajasthan, India. J. Ethnopharmaco 2010; 129: 64-86. Swarnkar S, Katewa SS. Ethnobotanical observation on tuberousplants from tribal area of Rajasthan (India). Ethnobotanical Leaflets 2008; 12: 647- 66.Choudhary K, Singh M, Pillai U. Ethnobotanical Survey of Rajasthan - An Update. Am-Euras J Bot 2008; 1 (2): 38-45. [9]. Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry vol-18, Issue-11,1/6/2010 page no.3940-3945 [10]. Pakistan Journal of biological science 9(14) 2546-2555,2006 [11]. Pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/der-pharmacia.../DPS-2012-3-1-148- 152.pdf [12]. Trease, G.E., Evans , M. C. , 1983 , Text book of Pharmacognosy, 12th edition , Balliere, Tindall, London pp 343 -383. [13]. Choi C. Y, Kim J. Y., Kim Y. S. , Chung Y. C. Hahm K. S., Jeong H. G. Augmentation of macrophage functions by an aqueous abstract isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum, Cancer letter 166, 2001, 17- 25 [14]. Lee S., Suk K. Heme oxygenase-1 mediates cytoprtective effects of immunostimulation in microglia; Biochemical Pharmacology 74; 723- 729). [15]. Manosroi A, Saraphanchotiwitthaya A, Manosroi J., Effects of Pouteria Cambodiana extracts on invitro immunomodulatory activity of mouse immune system ; Fitoterapia 77, 2006, 189-193) [16]. Choi E . M ., Hwang J.K. Effects of methanolic extract and fractions from Litsea cubeba bark on the production of inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells, fitoterapia, 75, 2004, 141-148) [17]. Wagner H. Immunostimulatory drugs of fungi and higher plants. In: ss [18]. Tiwari U, Rastogi B, Singh P, Saraf DK, Vyas SP., Immunomodulatory effects of aqueous extract of Tridax procumbens in experimental animals; Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 92, 2004, 113–119. [19]. Lowenstein C.J, Snyder .H., Nitric oxide, a novel biologic messenger. Cell 70, 1992, 705. [20]. Aurasorn S, Kornkanok I, Pattana S., Effect of Bacopa monniera Linn. Extract on Murine Immune Response In Vitro; Phytotherapy Research; 22, 2008, 1330 –1335. [21]. Benencia F, Courreges MC, Coulombie FC, Effect on the phagocytic activity and respiratory burst response of peritoneal macrophages; Immunopharmacology, 41, 1999, 45–53. [22]. Brown KE, Brunt EM, Heinecke JW, Immunohistochemical detection of myeloperoxidase and its oxidation products in kupffer cells of human liver, Am. J. Pathol., 159, 2001, 2081-2088. [23]. Xie O.W, Cho H.J., Calaycay J, Mumford RA, Swiderek KM, Lee TD, Ding A, Troso T, Nathan C., Cloning and characterization of inducible nitric oxide [24]. Miller L. E. (1991) In: Ludke, H.R., Peacock, J.E., Tomar, R.H. (Eds.), Manual of Laboratory Immunology, Lea and Febiger, London; 1–18.
Dr. Vanita G. Kanase, Dr. Brijendra B. Jain, Dr. Pramila Yadav "Evaluation of In-Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ceropegia Bulbosa Roxb" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 10, pp.36-40 2016
Lane detection is an essential component of Advance Driver Assistance system (ADAS). Many different approaches have been proposed till today by researchers but still it is a challenging task to correctly detect the road lanes in various environmental conditions. The main purpose of the system is to detect the lane departure to avoid road accidents and to provide safety for pedestrians. The proposed method uses the piecewise stretching function to set the contrast level of the road images. The region of interest is divided into two segment namely left and right subregion using segmentation. After preprocessing the ROI, lane detection takes place individually in each subregion using the Hough transform algorithm. The lane departure identification is based on the Euclidean distance measure. If the driver tends to change the lane then the warning is issued to the driver. This method can correctly detect the roads in various environmental conditions. Results shows that the proposed method can detect both the straight and curves lanes correctly.
- Page(s): 41-46
- Date of Publication: 16 October 2016
- Pravin T. MandlikDepartment of E & TC, (VLSI & ES), Skncoe, Vadgoan, Pune, India.
- Prof A. B. DeshmukhAssistant Professor, Department of E & TC, Skncoe, Vadgoan, Pune, India.
References
[1]. Y. Wang, E. K. Teoh, and D. Shen, “Lane detection and tracking using B-Snake,” Image Vis. Comput. Vol.22, no. 4, pp. 269- 280, Apr. 2004. [2]. M. Aly, “ Real time detection of lane markers in urban streeets,” in Proc . IEEE In-tell. Veh. Symp. Einddhoven, Thr Netherlands, pp. 7-12, 2008. [3]. C. Mu and X. Ma, “Lane detection based on object segmentation and piecewise fit-ting,” TELKOMNIKA Indonesian J. Elect. Eng., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 3491-3500, May 2014. [4]. A. Parajuli, M. Celenk, and H. Riley, “Robust lane detection in shadows and low illumination condition using local gradient features,” open J. Appl. Sci. , vol. 3, no. 1B, pp.68-74,Mar. 2013. [5]. Y.Li, A.Iqbal, and N.R.Gans, “Multiple lane boundary detection using a combina-tion of low-level image features.”In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2014 IEEE 17th International Conference on, pp. 1682-1687, IEEE, 2014. [6]. J.Wang, T.Mei, B. Kong, and H.Wei, “An approach of lane detection based on In-verse Perspective Mapping,” In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), IEEE 17th International Conference on pp. 35-3, IEEE, 2014. [7]. S. Srivastava, M. Lumb, and R. Singal, “Improved lanr detection using hybrid me-dian filter and modified Hough Transform ,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Sci. Softw. Eng., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 30-37, Jan. 2014. [8]. B. Yu, W. Zhang, and Y. Cai, “A lane departure warning system based on machine vision,” in Proc. IEEE Pacific-Asia Workshop Comput. Intell. Ind. Appl., 2008, pp. 197–201. [9]. Q.Lin, Y.Han, and H. Hahn, "Real-Time Lane Detection Based on Extended Edge-Linking Algorithm," Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Computer Research and Development, Seoul, South Korea, pp.725-730, Jun. 2010. [10]. V.S.Bottazzi, P.V.Borges, B.Stantic, “Adaptive regions of interest based on HSV histograms for lane marks detection”. In Robot Intelligence Technology and Applications 2, pp. 677-687, Springer International Publishing, 2014. [11]. C.Guo, S.Mita, and D.McAllester, "Lane detection and tracking in challenging environments based on a weighted graph and integrated cues," in Proc. Int. Conf. on IEEE/RSJ Intelligent Robots and Systems,Taipei, Taiwan, Oct. 2010, pp. 6643-6650. [12]. Y.-C. Leng and C.-L. Chen, "Vision-based lane departure detection system in urban traffic scenes," in Control Automation Robotics Vision (ICARCV), 2010 11th International Conference on 2010, pp. 1875- 1880. [13]. H.Jung, J. Min, and J.Kim,"An efficient lane detection algorithm for lane departure detection," In Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2013 IEEE, pp. 976-981. [14]. S.Zhou, Y.Jiang, J. Xi, J. Gong, G. Xiong, and H. Chen, "A novel lane detection based on geometrical model and gabor filter," in Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV ), 2010 IEEE , June 2010, pp. 59-64. [15]. H.Tan, Y. Zhou, Y.Zhu, D.Yao, and K. Li, “A novel curve lane detection based on Improved River Flow and RANSAC,” In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2014 IEEE 17th International Conference on, pp.133-138, IEEE, 2014.
Pravin T. Mandlik,Prof. A. B. Deshmukh "Image Processing based Lane Departure Warning System Using Hough Transform and Euclidean Distance" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 10, pp.41-46 2016
This article highlights the origin of Branding. It explains the importance of branding in today’s world. It details out two important branding models which are in use in various firms for creation of brands. The models described in this article are the Brand Equity Model by David Aaker and Kevin Keller’s Customer-Based Brand equity Model (CBBE). It shows the different elements of these two models in great detail.
- Page(s): 47-53
- Date of Publication: 16 October 2016
- Sweta MenonResearch Scholar, Pacific University of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, India
References
[[1]. David Aaker (1991), Managing Brand Equity, The Free Press, New York [2]. Kevin Keller (2001), Building Customer – Based Brand Equity Model : A blueprint for creating strong brands, Working paper, Report No. 01 – 107, Marketing Science Institute [3]. Keller‘s Brand Equity Model, Mind Tools [4]. Siina Hietajarvi (2012), Thesis, Rovaniemi University of Applied Science
Sweta Menon "Branding and Models of Branding" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 10, pp.47-53 2016
In this research paper, a dispersion compensation technique for better communication i.e. DCF is proposed with two different input codes. Different schemes of DCF like Precompensation, Post-compensation, mix compensation of DCF with FCC and PN sequence of input codes are introduced. The simulations have been analyzed by using OptiSystem 7.0 simulator. The results of these dispersion compensation methods are compared in terms of different parameters like Q-factor, BER, Eye height and threshold value which were investigated at the receiver end. In this paper we have concluded that Mix compensation is a better technique with our generated FCC codes.
- Page(s): 54-57
- Date of Publication: 16 October 2016
- Ankita KabraM.Tech. Scholar, GITS Udaipur (Raj.), India.
- Anurag PaliwalAssistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GITS Udaipur (Raj.), India.
References
[1]. Anandita joy Agarwal, Mukesh kumar, Rohini Saxena, “Comparison of different techniques of dispersion compensation”, International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering. [2]. Kunal Singhal, “Walsh Codes, PN Sequences and their role in CDMA Technology”, Term Paper - EEL 201. [3]. Manpreet Kaur, Himali Sarangal, “Analysis on Dispersion Compensation with Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF)”, SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) – volume 2 issue 2 Feb 2015. [4]. Mehtab Singh, “Different Dispersion Compensation Techniques in Fiber Optic Communication System : A Survey”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 4 Issue 8, August 2015. [5]. Ajeet Singh Verma, A. K. Jaiswal, Mukesh Kumar, An Improved Methodology for Dispersion Compensation and Synchronization in Optical Fiber Communication Networks, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, ISSN 2250- 2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 201, 769-775. [6]. Z. Wei, H. M. Shalaby, and H. Ghafouri-Shiraz. New Code Families for Fiber-Brag-Grating-Based Spectral-AmplitudeCoding Optical CDMA Systems. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 13, 890–892. 2001. [7]. C. B. M. Rashidi, S. A. Aljunid, M. S. Anuar, A. K. Rahman, M. Jusoh and M. N. Junita, "Design and demonstration of a novel flexible cross correlation (FCC) code for an evasion of PIIN in OCDMA system," Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT), 2015 International Conference on, Kuching, 2015, pp. 593-597.doi: 10.1109/I4CT.2015.7219648 [8]. Mohd Rashidi Che Beson, S. A. Aljunid, F. Ghani, M.S. Anuar, and Hilal A. Fadhil, "Alleviation Noise Effect Using Flexible Cross Correlation Code in Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access Systems," Journal of Communications, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 101-109, 2013. Doi: 10.12720/jcm.8.2.101-109 [9]. Gurpreet Kaur, Navdeep Kaur, Use of Dispersion Compensating Fiber in Optical Transmission Network for NRZ Modulation Format, International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN: 2319-7242 Volume 3 Issue 5, May 2014, 5839- 5842. [10]. Navdeep Kaur, Ranvir Kaur, Gurpreet Kaur, "Use of Dispersion Compensating Fiber in Optical Transmission Network for Triangular Modulation Format", International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) ISSN: 2349-6495 Volume 1 Issue 4, Sept. 2014, 27-31 [11]. www.wikipedia.com [12]. www.optiwave.com.
Ankita Kabra, Anurag Paliwal "Analysis on Dispersion Compensation Technique with FCC and PN Sequence" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 10, pp.54-57 2016