IntroductionAccess to environmental justice is the means used to protect the right to live in clean and healthy environment which is recognized under Oromiya Regional State Constitution and international instruments adopted by our country. Environment is a broad concept and is the sum total of water, air and land interrelationships among themselves and also with the human being, other living organisms and property. It includes all the physical and biological surrounding and their interactions1. It belongs to all the living beings and thus is, important for all. Each and everybody of whatever occupation is affected by environmental issues like global warming, depletion of ozone layer, pollution, loss of global biodiversity etc. Access to environmental justice is needed to protect environmental damages and is an important to safeguard the safety of environment. Regulation of the environment and decisions about development and environmental policy impact upon our quality of life by influencing and affecting our health, as well as that of our natural environments and the availability of and access to natural resources. Environmental justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies. In Oromiya region many laws including the Constitution, environmental pollution control proclamation, and environmental impact assessment proclamation are enacted to protect the environment and to safeguard the right of citizens to live in clean and healthy environment. Especially, in case of infringements of environmental rights the right to access to justice is incorporated into these laws. But even if many laws are enacted to protect the environment and the right of citizens to live in clean and healthy environment, there is a problem in making the law practical. The right of people to participate in environmental decision making process, access to environmental information and in case of infringements of these rights access to justice is under question in Oromiya region. This article aims to analyze how access to environmental justice is exercised in Oromiya region. In the first part the general overviewThe second part deals with the practical and the legal problems that hinder the realization of access to environmental justice in Oromiya region. Access to environmental information, access to public participation in environmental decision making process and access to justice are discussed in details. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are made on the basis of analysis.
- Page(s): 01-08
- Date of Publication: 15 November 2016
- Azene Endalamaw BasazinewLegal Researcher, Oromia Justice Sector Professionals Training and Legal Research Institute, Adama, Ethiopia
References
[1]. Marie-Louise Larsson, Legal Definition of the Environment, Stockholm Institute for Scandinavian Law 1957 -2009, available at www.scandinavian.se/pdf/38-7, pdf. (Accessed on 29/10/2016) [2]. Bryant and Edwards, 1996, Introduction to USA Environmental Justice Resource Center, available at www.ejrc.cau.edu.Hafrichter 1993. (Accessed on 21/07/2016) [3]. For detail see Id. For detail see: www.ejrc.cau, [4]. Example, environmental justice refers to those cultural norms and values, rules, regulations, behaviors, policies, and decisions to support sustainable communities where people can interact with confidence that the environment is safe, nurturing, and productive. Source, Environmental Justice: Issue, Policies, and Solutions, Professor Bunyan Bryant, University of Michigan, Environmental justice means equal protection from environmental and public health hazards for all people regardless of race, income, culture, and social class (state of Mary land), Department of environmental and occupational health sciences, available at www.deohs.washington.edu/environmental-justice. (Accessed on 21/07/2016) [5]. Example, environmental justice refers to those cultural norms and values, rules, regulations, behaviors, policies, and decisions to support sustainable communities where people can interact with confidence that the environment is safe, nurturing, and productive (Professor Bunyan Bryan, Environmental Justice: Issue, Policies, and Solutions, University of Michigan). Environmental justice means equal protection from environmental and public health hazards for all people regardless of race, income, culture, and social class (state of Mary land) and etc. Source Department of environmental and occupational health sciences, available at www.deohs.washington.edu/environmental-justice. (Accessed on 21/07/2016) [6]. Department of environmental and occupational health sciences, available at www.deohs.washington.edu/environmental-justice pdf. (Accessed on 14/10/2016) [7]. Environmental justice comparative experiences in legal empowerment, available at www.Justiciability%20of20env’t/Environmental-Justice- Comprative pdf. (Accessed on 19/09/2016) [8]. Id. at 3 [9]. Id. at 7 [10]. George (Rock) Pring and Catherine (Kitty) Pring, Greening Justice: Creating and Improving Environmental Courts and Tribunals (The access initiative world research institute), available at WWW.RapportPring, pdf. [11]. Supra note 7, at 8 [12]. Environmental democracy is defined as a participatory and ecologically rational form of collective decision making. In other words, the concept refers to a process whereby people participate in making decisions that have bearing on the environment. See generally, Michael Mason, Environmental Democracy, Earth scan Publication Ltd, London, 2006, p.1 [13]. The transposition of the convention on access to information, public participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters within the legislation of Kosovo, The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, available at WWW.ReportEng Pdf, P. 10. (Accessed on 11/10/2016) [14]. FELICITY MILLNER, Access to environmental justice, DEAKIN LAW REVIEW Volume 16, no. 1, P.196 [15]. Supra note 13 at 11 [16]. Constitution of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No 1/1995, Federal Negarit Gasette, 1 st Year no.1, 1995 art. 9(4) [17]. Id. art. 13(1) [18]. Supra note 14 at 195 [19]. Supra note 13 at 13 [20]. Environmental justice Department of Environmental and Occupational health sciences, available at www.deohs.washington.edu>Research>TopicsAZ>Sustainable.co mmunities pdf. (Accessed on 18/09/2016) [21]. Environmental transparency participation and justice, available at www.environment%20materials/new/7- Environment pdf. (Accessed on 18/11/2015) [22]. Mark Lancelot, Citizen Participation In the environmental impact assessment process in Guyana Law, Environment and Development Journal, p.44 [23]. Id. at 45 [24]. SADC Environmental Legislation Handbook 2012, Regulation 54, p. 343. [25]. Dejene Girma Janka, Participation of stakeholders in environmental impact assessment process in Ethiopia: Law and Practice, Jimma University Law Journal, Volume 4, no.1, p.55 [26]. Oromiya Regional State Constitution, Proclamation No. 46/2001, art. 107(3) [27]. Environmental policy of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia [28]. Oromiya National Regional State Environmental Impact Assessment, Proclamation no. 176/2005 art. 12. [29]. Id. art. 11(2) [30]. We can see as an example Environmental Impact Assessment conducted on 29/03/2008 for Tamirat Demisie Water Bottling Project and Afri-flower plc flower farm project. [31]. Azene Endalamaw and Wakgari Dulume, Environmental Impact Assessment: The Law and Practice, Oromiya Justice Organs Professionals Training and Legal Research Institute, Unpublished, p. 59 – 60. [32].Supra note 26, art., 43(2) [33]. Necessary Condition: Access to Justice, United States Institute of peace Making Peace Possible, available at www.usip.org/...and.../access-justice pdf. (Accessed on 14/10/2016) [34]. Id. [35]. Supra note 10 at11 [36]. Best Practice of Environmental standing, available at www.BestPractices-Standing pdf. (Accessed on 04/08/2016) [37]. Supra note 36 at 24 [38]. Environmental transparency participation and justice, available at www.environment%20materials/new/7- Environment. pdf [39]. Supra note 36 at 50 [40]. Supra note 10 at 57 [41]. Ethiopian Civil Procedure Code, Decree No. 52 of 1965, art.38 [42]. Oromiya National Regional State Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation, Proclamation no. 177/2005, Art., 17. [43]. Dr. Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Towards Greater Access to Justice In Environmental Disputes in Kenya: Opportunities for Intervention, p. 6-9 [44].Supra note 28, art. 18(1) [45].Supra note 42, Art.11(1) [46]. Id., Art.,11(2) [47]. Id., Art., 5(1) [48]. Broadcasted by Oromiya TV Program in July 2016, once a week, from 10:20 – 10:55 pm the participants of which were Owner/General managers’ of industries, local community, environmental experts and High Regional officials [49]. Supra note 48 [50].Id. [51].Id. [52].Supra note 31 at 58-59
Azene Endalamaw Basazinew "Access to Environmental Justice in Oromiya Region" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-(IJRSI) vol.3 issue 11, pp.01-08 2016
We develop a novel technique for resizable Hadoop cluster’s lower bounds, the bipartite matching rectangular array of Gomory-Hu XML tree expressions. Specifically, fix an arbitrary hybrid kernel function f:{0,1}n ->{0,1} and let Af be the rectangular array of Gomory-Hu XML tree expressions whose columns are each an application of f to some subset of the variables x1, x2,... x4n. We prove that Af has bounded-capacity resizable Hadoop cluster’s complexity omega(d) , where d is the approximate degree of f . This finding remains valid in the MapReduce programming model, regardless of prior measurement. In particular, it gives a new and simple proof of lower bounds for robustness and other symmetric conjunctive predicates. We further characterize the discrepancy, approximate PageRank, and approximate trace distance norm of Af in terms of well-studied analytic properties of f, broadly generalizing several findings on small-bias resizable Hadoop cluster and agnostic inference. The method of this paper has also enabled important progress in multi-cloud resizable Hadoop cluster’s complexity.
- Page(s): 09-27
- Date of Publication: 15 November 2016
- Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash GSenior Professor Research, BMS Institute of Technology & Management, Dodaballapur Road, Avalahalli Yelahanka, Bengaluru – 560 064, Karnataka , India
References
[1]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, What is a Geometric Spanner of Resizable Hadoop Channel for Homogeneous Lower Bounds? International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, Volume V, Issue VIII, Pages 08-27, August 2016, ISSN 2278-2540. [2]. Greenlaw, R. and Kantabutra. 2008. On the parallel complexity of hierarchical clustering and CC-complete problems. Complexity 14, 18-28. (doi:10.1002/cplx.20238) [3]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Necessary & Sufficient Conditions for Wavelet Filter Convergence of Lower Bounds to their Resizable Hadoop Channels, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, Volume III, Issue IX, Pages: 12-30, September 2016, ISSN 2321–2705. [4]. Amazon Elastic MapReduce. http://aws.amazon.com/elasticmapreduce/ [5]. J. Lu, T.W. Ling, Z. Bao, and C. Wang, “Extended XML Tree Pattern Matching: Theories and Algorithms,” IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Eng., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 402-416, Mar. 2011. [6]. N. Ailon, B. Chazelle, S. Comandur, D. Liu. 2007. Estimating the Distance to a Monotone Function. Random Structures and Algorithms 31, 371-383. (doi:10.1002/rsa.20167) [7]. A. Gavish, Abraham Lempel. 1996. Match-length functions for data compression. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, 1375-1380. (doi:10.1109/18.532879) [8]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Necessary & Sufficient Conditions for Recursive Image Filter Convergence of Hadoop Channels to their Homogeneous Lower Bound, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, Volume III, Issue 9, Pages 34-52, September 2016, ISSN 2321–2705. [9]. Ping Wah Wong. 1997. Rate distortion efficiency of subband coding with crossband prediction. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 43, 352-356. (doi:10.1109/18.567761) [10]. A. Lafourcade, Alexander Vardy. 1996. Optimal sectionalization of a trellis. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, 689-703. (doi: 10.1109/18.490504) [11]. T.M. Cover. 1998. Comments on Broadcast Channels. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44, 2524-2530. (doi: 10.1109/18.720547) [12]. A. Lapidoth and P. Narayan. 1998. Reliable Communication Under Channel Uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44, 2148-2177. (doi:10.1109/18.720535) [13]. Ralph Lorentzen, Raymond Nilsen. 1991. Application of linear programming to the optimal difference triangle set problem (Corresp.). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 37, 1486-1488. (doi:10.1109/18.133274) [14]. Alfred J. Menezes, Tatsuaki Okamoto, Scott A. Vanstone. 1993. Reducing elliptic curve logarithms to logarithms in a finite field. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 39, 1639-1646. (doi:10.1109/18.259647) [15]. Leo Breiman. 1993. Hinging hyperplanes for regression, classification, and function approximation. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 39, 999-1013. (doi:10.1109/18.256506) [16]. S. R. Kulkarni, D. N.C. Tse. 1994. A paradigm for class identification problems. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 696-705. (doi:10.1109/18.335881) [17]. Donald Miner, Adam Shook, 2013, "MapReduce Design Patterns" O’Reilly Media, Inc.: 978-1-449-32717-0. [18]. Rudolf F. Ahlswede, Zhen Zhang. 1994. On multiuser write-efficient memories. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 674-686. (doi:10.1109/18.335880) [19]. B. Chazelle. 2000. The Discrepancy Method: Randomness and Complexity. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-77093-9. [20]. B. Chazelle, A. Lvov. 2001. A Trace Bound for the Hereditary Discrepancy. Discrete Computational. Geom. 26, 221-231. (doi:10.1007/s00454-001-0030-2) [21]. B. Chazelle, A. Lvov. 2001. The Discrepancy of Boxes in Higher Dimension. Discrete Computational. Geom. 25, 519-524. (doi:10.1007/s00454-001-0014-2) [22]. B. Chazelle, J. Matoušek, M. Sharir. 1995. An Elementary Approach to Lower Bounds in Geometric Discrepancy. Discrete Comput. Geom. 13, 363-381. (doi:10.1007/BF02574050) [23]. E. Arikan. 1994. An upper bound on the zero-error list-coding capacity. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 1237-1240. (doi:10.1109/18.335947) [24]. B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L.J. Guibas, M. Sharir. 1991. A Singly Exponential Stratification Scheme for Real Semi-Algebraic Varieties and Its Applications. Theoretical Computer Science 84, 77-105. (doi:10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y) [25]. B. Kimelfeld and Y. Sagiv, “Twig Patterns: From XML Trees to Graphs,” Proc. Ninth Int’l Workshop Web and Databases (WebDB ’06), 2006. [26]. B. Chazelle. 1999. Discrepancy Bounds for Geometric Set Systems with Square Incidence Matrices. Advances in Discrete and Computational Geometry, Contemporary Mathematics AMS 223, 103-107. [27]. B. Chazelle. 2004. The Discrepancy Method in Computational Geometry. Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry, CRC Press 44, 983-996. [28]. Fadika, Z.; Govindaraju, M. 2010. LEMO-MR: Low Overhead and Elastic MapReduce Implementation Optimized for Memory and CPU-Intensive Applications. IEEE Second International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), 1-8. (doi:10.1109/CloudCom.2010.45) [29]. Fadika, Z.; Govindaraju, M. 2011. DELMA: Dynamically Elastic MapReduce Framework for CPU-Intensive Applications. 11th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 454-463. (doi: 10.1109/CCGrid.2011.71) [30]. Iordache, A.; Morin, C.; Parlavantzas, N.; Feller, E.; Riteau, P. 2013. Resilin: Elastic MapReduce over Multiple Clouds. 13th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 261-268. (doi:10.1109/CCGrid.2013.48) [31]. XiaoyongXu; Maolin Tang. 2013. A comparative study of the semi-elastic and fully-elastic mapreduce models. IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GrC), 380-385. (doi:10.1109/GrC.2013.6740440) [32]. Wei Xiang Goh; Kian-Lee Tan. 2014. Elastic MapReduce Execution. 14th IEEE/ACM, International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 216-225. (doi:10.1109/CCGrid.2014.14) [33]. B. Chazelle, W. Mulzer. 2011. Computing Hereditary Convex Structures. Discrete Comput. Geom. 45, 796-823. (doi:10.1007/s00454-011-9346-8) [34]. B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, M. Grigni, L.J. Guibas, M. Sharir, E. Welzl. 1995. Improved Bounds on Weak ε-Nets for Convex Sets. Discrete Comput. Geom. 13, 1-15. (doi:10.1007/BF02574025) [35]. David P. Williamson, David B. Shmoys. 2011. The Design of Approximation Algorithms.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-19527-0. [36]. Oded Goldreich. 2008. Computational Complexity: A Conceptual Perspective.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-88473-0. [37]. Sanjeev Arora, Boaz Barak. 2009. Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-42426-4. [38]. Dimitri P. Bertsekas, Convex Optimization Algorithms, Athena Scientific, Hardcover Edition ISBN: 1-886529-28-0, 978-1-886529-28-1, Publication: February, 2015, 576 pages. [39]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Necessary & Sufficient Conditions for Consistency of Bipartite Matching Polyhedral Path Expressions to their Resizable Hadoop Cluster Complexity, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, Volume V, Issue IX, Pages: 07-25, September 2016. ISSN 2278-2540. [40]. Marouane Hachicha and Jerome Darmont, "A Survey of XML Tree Patterns", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering, vol. 25, no. , pp. 29-46, Jan. 2013, doi:10.1109/TKDE.2011.209. [41]. Kevin P. Murphy. 2012. Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective. The MIT Press. [42]. Koller and Nir Friedman. 2009. Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques - Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning. The MIT Press
Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G "Necessary & Sufficient Conditions for Consistency of Gomory-Hu XML Tree Expressions to their Resizable Hadoop Cluster Complexity" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 11, pp.09-27 2016
Intensive aquaculture management process, the growth of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella fed on indigenous amphibious plant were studied, for the period of ten( 10) months in ponds having an area of 1ha and 1.5 ha respectively. Feeding of food plant is carried two times in a day i.e. 10AM and 4PM, 20 – 25% of the body weight. The whole plants body is use as food of grass carp. The four species reared along with grass carp attained a weight of 2550g and 2155g in 10 month of rearing period (March to December). The study highlights that feeding of rare indigenous amphibious plant, mostly habited in wetland areas inundated by Loktak lake shows highest food conversion ratio.
- Page(s): 28-31
- Date of Publication: 15 November 2016
- Shagolsem HemlataResearch and Development Center, Bharathiar University,Coimbatore-641046, India
- Kh.Rajmani SinghDepartment of Zoology D.M. College of Science Imphal, Manipur, India
- Waribam Suraj DeviResearch and Development Center, Bharathiar University,Coimbatore-641046, India
References
[1]. Alikhunhi, K.H. and K.K. Sukumaran, 1964, Preliminary observation on Chinese carps in India. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 60 B(3): 171-89. [2]. APHA 1998. Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Waste water, (20th Ed.), APHA, AWWA and WPCF, Washington, DC. [3]. Azad, I.S. 1996. Growth performance of grass carp fingerlings fed on Ageratum conyzoides, a common terrestrial weed of Manipur. J. of Inland Fisheries Society of India, 28(1):44-49. [4]. Grygierek, K. 1973. The influence of phytophagous fish on pond zooplankton, Aquaculture, 2: 197-208. [5]. Gudimal, J.L., 1958. A study of the biology of the grass carp. Hongkong Univ. Fish. J., 2: 29-36. [6]. Hickling, C.F., 1960. Observation on the growth rate of the Chinese grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, C & V. Malay Agric. J., 43(1): 49 – 53. [7]. Hickling 1966, On the feeding process in the white amur, Ctenopharyngodon idella, J. Zool. Lond., 148(4) : 408-19. [8]. Ilan, C. and Sarig. S., 1952. Fish feeding in pond in the Far East. Bamidgeh, 4 (5-6): 84-111. [9]. Majhi, SK. 2005. Prospect of integrated fish – livestock aquaculture in North Eastern Hill Region of India. Ecology Env. And Conservation, 11(2): 287-291. [10]. Sinha , V.R.P, Gupta (1975) , On the growth of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (val) in composite fish culture at kalyani, W.B., India. Aquaculture,5: 283 – 290. [11]. Stroganov , N.S., 1967. The vood selectivity of the Amur fishes. Conf. on Fish. Exploit. of Phytophag. Fish. Acad Sci. Turkmen, USSR, 1981: 91. [12]. Sullip K. Majhi1*, Anup Das2, Binoy K. Mandal., Growth performance and production of organically culture grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella ( val) under Mid – Hill condition of Meghalaya. North Eastern India. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences6:105-108(2006). [13]. Suresh, V.R. and Mandal, B.K. 2002; Growth and feed utilization of grass carp fingerlings. Indian J. of Fisheries, 49(2):155-160. [14]. Swingle, H.S., 1957. Control of pond weed by the use of herbivorous fishes. Proc. 10thAnnl. Meeting South. Weed Conf., January 23-25: 11-77. [15]. Venkatesh, B and Shetty, H. P. C, (1978) , Studies on growth rate of the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (val) fed on two aquatic weeds and terrestrial grass, Aquaculture; 13:45-53. [16]. Vinod, K., Mahapatra, B.K., Majhi, S.K and Mandai, B.K., 2004, Pottentials of terrestrial weeds for the production of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (val). In Meghalaya, North Eastern India, SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 2: 211-219. [17]. Yashoea, A., 1957. The fish culture research station, Annual Report for the year 1956. Bamidgeh 9(2): 32-61.
Shagolsem Hemlata, Kh.Rajmani Singh, Waribam Suraj Devi "Studies on the Growth of Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and Val.) Fed on Amphibious Plant Zizania latifolia under Intensive Fish Culture" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 11, pp.28-31 2016
We develop a novel technique for resizable Hadoop cluster’s lower bounds, the matroid matching rectangular array of polyhedral shortest path unit length expressions. Specifically, fix an arbitrary hybrid kernel function f:{0,1}n ->{0,1} and let Af be the rectangular array of polyhedral shortest path unit length expressions whose columns are each an application of f to some subset of the variables x1, x2,... x4n. We prove that Af has bounded-capacity resizable Hadoop cluster’s complexity omega(d) , where d is the approximate degree of f . This finding remains valid in the MapReduce programming model, regardless of prior measurement. In particular, it gives a new and simple proof of lower bounds for robustness and other symmetric conjunctive predicates. We further characterize the discrepancy, approximate PageRank, and approximate trace distance norm of Af in terms of well-studied analytic properties of f, broadly generalizing several findings on small-bias resizable Hadoop cluster and agnostic inference. The method of this paper has also enabled important progress in multi-cloud resizable Hadoop cluster’s complexity.
- Page(s): 32-50
- Date of Publication: 15 November 2016
- Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash GSenior Professor Research, BMS Institute of Technology & Management, Dodaballapur Road, Avalahalli Yelahanka, Bengaluru – 560 064, Karnataka , India
[1]. Ravi Prakash G, Kiran M and Saikat Mukherjee. 2014. On Randomized Preference Limitation Protocol for Quantifiable Shuffle and Sort Behavioral Implications in MapReduce Programming Model. Parallel & Cloud Computing 3, Issue 1, 1-14. [2]. Greenlaw, R. and Kantabutra. 2008. On the parallel complexity of hierarchical clustering and CC-complete problems. Complexity 14, 18-28. (doi:10.1002/cplx.20238) [3]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. 2014. On The Least Economical MapReduce Sets for Summarization Expressions. International Journal of Computer Applications 94, 13-20. (doi: 10.5120/16354-5732) [4]. Amazon Elastic MapReduce. http://aws.amazon.com/elasticmapreduce/ [5]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "Problems on Inverted Index Summarization Expressions for Resizable Hadoop Cluster Channel and Cluster Complexity" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS), Volume V, Issue V, May 2016, Pages: 1-19, ISSN 2278 – 2540 [6]. N. Ailon, B. Chazelle, S. Comandur, D. Liu. 2007. Estimating the Distance to a Monotone Function. Random Structures and Algorithms 31, 371-383. (doi:10.1002/rsa.20167) [7]. A. Gavish, Abraham Lempel. 1996. Match-length functions for data compression. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, 1375-1380. (doi:10.1109/18.532879) [8]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "Is it Consistent with Counting that any Summarization Expressions with Resizable Hadoop Cluster Channel have a Cluster Complexity?" International Journal of Engineering Research and Management (IJERM), Volume-03, Issue-06, June 2016, Pages: 135-152, ISSN: 2349- 2058. [9]. Ping Wah Wong. 1997. Rate distortion efficiency of subband coding with crossband prediction. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 43, 352-356. (doi:10.1109/18.567761) [10]. A. Lafourcade, Alexander Vardy. 1996. Optimal sectionalization of a trellis. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, 689-703. (doi: 10.1109/18.490504) [11]. T.M. Cover. 1998. Comments on Broadcast Channels. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44, 2524-2530. (doi: 10.1109/18.720547) [12]. A. Lapidoth and P. Narayan. 1998. Reliable Communication Under Channel Uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44, 2148-2177. (doi:10.1109/18.720535) [13]. David K. Ruch, Patrick J. Van Fleet, (October 2009). Wavelet Theory: An Elementary Approach with Applications, 504 pages pages, SBN: 978-0-470-38840-2. [14]. Alexander Schrijver, 2004, Combinatorial Optimization Polyhedra and Efficiency, Volume A-C, Algorithms and Combinatorics 24, Pages: CIV, 1879, Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-44389-6. [15]. Leo Breiman. 1993. Hinging hyperplanes for regression, classification, and function approximation. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 39, 999-1013. (doi:10.1109/18.256506) [16]. S. R. Kulkarni, D. N.C. Tse. 1994. A paradigm for class identification problems. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 696-705. (doi:10.1109/18.335881) [17]. Donald Miner, Adam Shook, 2013, "MapReduce Design Patterns" O’Reilly Media, Inc.: 978-1-449-32717-0. [18]. Rudolf F. Ahlswede, Zhen Zhang. 1994. On multiuser write-efficient memories. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 674-686. (doi:10.1109/18.335880) [19]. B. Chazelle. 2000. The Discrepancy Method: Randomness and Complexity. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-77093-9. [20]. B. Chazelle, A. Lvov. 2001. A Trace Bound for the Hereditary Discrepancy. Discrete Computational. Geom. 26, 221-231. (doi:10.1007/s00454-001-0030-2) [21]. B. Chazelle, A. Lvov. 2001. The Discrepancy of Boxes in Higher Dimension. Discrete Computational. Geom. 25, 519-524. (doi:10.1007/s00454-001-0014-2) [22]. B. Chazelle, J. Matoušek, M. Sharir. 1995. An Elementary Approach to Lower Bounds in Geometric Discrepancy. Discrete Comput. Geom. 13, 363-381. (doi:10.1007/BF02574050) [23]. E. Arikan. 1994. An upper bound on the zero-error list-coding capacity. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 1237-1240. (doi:10.1109/18.335947) [24]. B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L.J. Guibas, M. Sharir. 1991. A Singly Exponential Stratification Scheme for Real Semi-Algebraic Varieties and Its Applications. Theoretical Computer Science 84, 77-105. (doi:10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y) [25]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "How economical are Bounds on Inverted Index Summarization for Calculating Hadoop Channel?" International Journal of Applied Information Systems (IJAIS), Volume 11 – No. 1, June 2016, Pages: 19-35 ISSN ISSN : 2249-0868 [26]. B. Chazelle. 1999. Discrepancy Bounds for Geometric Set Systems with Square Incidence Matrices. Advances in Discrete and Computational Geometry, Contemporary Mathematics AMS 223, 103-107. [27]. B. Chazelle. 2004. The Discrepancy Method in Computational Geometry. Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry, CRC Press 44, 983-996. [28]. Fadika, Z.; Govindaraju, M. 2010. LEMO-MR: Low Overhead and Elastic MapReduce Implementation Optimized for Memory and CPU-Intensive Applications. IEEE Second International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), 1-8. (doi:10.1109/CloudCom.2010.45) [29]. Fadika, Z.; Govindaraju, M. 2011. DELMA: Dynamically Elastic MapReduce Framework for CPU-Intensive Applications. 11th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 454-463. (doi: 10.1109/CCGrid.2011.71) [30]. Iordache, A.; Morin, C.; Parlavantzas, N.; Feller, E.; Riteau, P. 2013. Resilin: Elastic MapReduce over Multiple Clouds. 13th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 261-268. (doi:10.1109/CCGrid.2013.48) [31]. XiaoyongXu; Maolin Tang. 2013. A comparative study of the semi-elastic and fully-elastic mapreduce models. IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GrC), 380-385. (doi:10.1109/GrC.2013.6740440) [32]. Wei Xiang Goh; Kian-Lee Tan. 2014. Elastic MapReduce Execution. 14th IEEE/ACM, International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 216-225. (doi:10.1109/CCGrid.2014.14) [33]. B. Chazelle, W. Mulzer. 2011. Computing Hereditary Convex Structures. Discrete Comput. Geom. 45, 796-823. (doi:10.1007/s00454-011-9346-8) [34]. B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, M. Grigni, L.J. Guibas, M. Sharir, E. Welzl. 1995. Improved Bounds on Weak ε-Nets for Convex Sets. Discrete Comput. Geom. 13, 1-15. (doi:10.1007/BF02574025) [35]. David P. Williamson, David B. Shmoys. 2011. The Design of Approximation Algorithms.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-19527-0. [36]. Oded Goldreich. 2008. Computational Complexity: A Conceptual Perspective.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-88473-0. [37]. Sanjeev Arora, Boaz Barak. 2009. Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-42426-4. [38]. Dimitri P. Bertsekas, Convex Optimization Algorithms, Athena Scientific, Hardcover Edition ISBN: 1-886529-28-0, 978-1-886529-28-1, Publication: February, 2015, 576 pages. [39]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "Does there exist lower bounds on numerical summarization for calculating aggregate resizable Hadoop channel and complexity?" International Journal of Advanced Information Science and Technology, April 2016, Pages: 26-44, ISSN: 2319:2682. [40]. Patrick Van Flee, (January 2008). Discrete Wavelet Transformations: An Elementary Approach with Applications, 572 pages, ISBN: 978-0-470-18311-3.. [41]. Kevin P. Murphy. 2012. Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective. The MIT Press. [42]. Koller and Nir Friedman. 2009. Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques - Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning. The MIT Press
Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G "Necessary & Sufficient Conditions for Consistency of Matroid Matching Polyhedral Shortest Path Unit Length Expressions to their Resizable Hadoop Cluster Complexity" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 11, pp.32-50 2016
The applications which need the materials with high thermal and electrical conductivity are attracting researchers’ interest in recent year for the development of Copper-Alumina MMC’s. This study describes wear behavior of aluminum oxide dispersed copper matrix composite produced by PM route which finds increasing application in elevated temperature system. Taguchi method is used for designing the experiment. Full factorial wear experiments were conducted on pin-on-disc wear testing machine for measuring wear rate. ANN is used to predict the properties and wear behavior of fabricated composites. A satisfactory agreement between experimental and ANN values was obtained from using the considered model. These results indicate the powerful prediction of the ANN technique, if it is employed for cases similar to those considered. When the ANN is trained and tested effectively, then it can be recalled to do the prediction process. The well-trained ANN is good enough to compensate exhaustive experimental works.
- Page(s): 51-56
- Date of Publication: 15 November 2016
- Mahendra J SableProfessor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Government College of Engineering, Jalgaon, 425001, India
References
[1]. M. Korac, Z. Kamberovic, Z. Andjic, M. Filipovic and M. Tasic, Sintered materials based on copper and alumina powders synthesized by a novel method, Science of Sintering, 42 (2010) 81-90. [2]. Jianjun WU, Guobin LI, Yun ZHANG and Zhengxing JIANG, Copper matrix composites reinforced with nanometer alumina particles, Journal of Material Science Technology, 15(1999) 143-146 [3]. Mahendra J. Sable and Vipin K. Tripathi, Fabrication and Study of Optimum Properties of Copper Alumina Metal Matrix Composites for High Temperature Applications, International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Technology, 32 (2011), 143-154 [4]. Mahendra J. Sable and Vipin K. Tripathi, Modeling of Wear Behavior of Copper Alumina Metal Matrix Composites Prepared by PM Route, Advances in Computational Sciences and Technology, Volume 5 Number 2 (2012) 379-389 [5]. Prince M and Natarajan S, Study of Dry Sliding Wear of Plasma Sprayed Mo-Ni/Cr - Ti-6Al-4V Tribo Pair, European Journal of Scientific Research,37 (2009), 41-48 [6]. Mohammed T. Hayajneh, Adel Mahmood Hassan and Ahmad Turki Mayyas, Artificial neural network modeling of the drilling process of self-lubricated aluminum/alumina/graphite hybrid composites synthesized by powder metallurgy technique, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 478 (2009) 559–565 [7]. F.S.Rashed and T.S.Mahmoud, Prediction of wear behavior of A356/SiCp MMC’s using neural networks, Tribology International, 42 (2009) 642–648 [8]. A. Vairis and M. Petousis, Designing experiments to study welding processes: using the Taguchi method, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review , 2 (1) (2009) 99-103 [9]. V.R. Vedala, D. S. Green and J.R. Hellman, Theoretical model for determining the thermal conductivity of MMC’s prepared by PM route, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 82(3)1999 649-653 [10]. Ke Chu et al, The thermal conductivity of composites: Experimental study and modeling, Material and Design 30(2009) 17-35
Mahendra J Sable "Artificial Neural Network Modeling of the Properties and Wear of Copper Alumina Metal Matrix Composites Synthesized by Powder Metallurgy Technique" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 11, pp.51-56 2016
In today’s technologically advanced era, it is imperative that there exists a convenient method for securing data. Computer security depends largely on passwords in order to authenticate human users. There are various software based authentication methods such as, alphanumeric passwords and hardware based methods such as, biometric authentication and token based authentication. But these methods are not able to comply with two conflicting requirements of a password, that is, security and memorability. Alphanumeric passwords can either be long and secure or short and hard to remember. On the other hand hardware based passwords like biometric have known to be insecure apart from being costly. Thus, Graphical Password by Segmentation of Image (GPSI) is the most efficient way to provide above features along with cheap development costs. Graphical passwords have been designed to try to make password more memorable and easier for people to use, and it is less vulnerable to brute force attacks than a text-based password. The aim of Graphical password by segmentation of image (GPSI) is to implement a strong security for a learning management system (LMS). The key feature of the system is that it uses image as a password which makes it more memorable. It allows user to input an image as its password and only user knows what the image looks like as a whole. On receiving the image, the system segments the image using a user specified mXn grid and stores them accordingly. The next time user logs into the system the segmented image is received by the user in a jumbled order, i.e. the segments of the image are shuffled. Now if user arranges the segments of the image in an order so as to make the original image he sent then user is considered authentic. Else the user is not granted access. The system does the image segmentation based on coordinates. The coordinates of the segmented image allow the system to fragment the image and store it as different parts.
- Page(s): 57-59
- Date of Publication: 21 November 2016
- Rashika KoulStudent, Department of Information Technology, Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, India
- Tanya KumarStudent, Department of Information Technology, Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, India
- Ashwini DhongadeStudent, Department of Information Technology, Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, India
- Radhika MalpaniStudent, Department of Information Technology, Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, India
- Rupali DeshmukhAssistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, India
[1]. J. C. Birget, D. Hong N. Memon, S. Man and S. Wiedenbeck., “The Graphical Passwords Project” Funded by the NSF Cyber Trust Program. http://clam.rutgers.edu/~birget/grPssw/ [2]. Ragavendra .A, Jeysree .J, “GRAPHICAL PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION USING CaRP”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 4 Issue 2, February 2015 [3]. Ibrahim Furkan Ince, Ilker Yengin, Yucel Batu Salman, Hwan-Gue Cho, Tae-Cheon Yang, “DESIGNING CAPTCHA ALGORITHM: SPLITTING AND ROTATING THE IMAGES AGAINST OCRs”, Third 2008 International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology [4]. Ahmet Emir Dirik, Nasir Memon, Jean-Camille Birget, “Modeling user choice in the PassPoints graphical password scheme” https://cups.cs.cmu.edu/soups/2007/proceedings/p20_dirik.pdf [5]. Arti Bhanushali, Bhavika Mange, Harshika Vyas, Hetal Bhanushali and Poonam Bhogle, “Comparison of Graphical Password Authentication Techniques”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 116 – No. 1, April 2015 [6]. Saranya Ramanan, Bindhu J S, “A Survey on Different Graphical Password Authentication Techniques”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 2, Issue 12, December 2014 [7]. Xiaoyuan Suo, Ying Zhu, G. Scott Owen, “Graphical Passwords: A Survey.”, DOI: 10.1109/CSAC.2005.27 • Source: DBLP Conference: 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC 2005), 5-9 December 2005, Tucson, AZ, USA [8]. Arash Habibi Lashkari, Samaneh Farmand, Dr. Rosli Saleh, Dr. Omar Bin Zakaria, “A wide-range survey on Recall-Based Graphical User Authentications algorithms based on ISO and Attack Patterns ”, (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2009 [9]. Ronald Fisher, Frank Yates [1938]. Statistical tables for biological, agricultural and medical research (3rd ed.). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle
Rashika Koul, Tanya Kumar, Ashwini Dhongade, Radhika Malpani, Rupali Deshmukh "GPSI: Graphical Password by Segmentation of Image" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 11, pp.57-59 2016
Heat exchangers are the devices which are used to transfer heat from one medium to another medium without mixing them. A lot of research is going on for increasing the heat transfer through heat exchangers. In the present paper, research done by various researchers to increase the effectiveness of heat exchanger has been discussed. Through detailed study it has been found that corrugated plate heat exchanger have highest rate of heat transfer.
- Page(s): 60-66
- Date of Publication: 21 November 2016
- Amir HusainRadharaman Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Rajiv VarshneyRadharaman Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Vishal GuptaRadharaman Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
References
[1]. Abed Waleed Mohammed, Ahmed Mohammed Abed, 2016 ,” Numerical Study Of Laminar Forced Convection Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow Characteristics In A Corrugated Channel” , Journal Of Engineering And Development , Volume 14 ,Issue 3 ,PP 70-85. [2]. Goodarzi Marjan, Amiri Ahmad, Goodarzi Mohammad Shahab, Safaei Mohammad Reza, Karimipour Arash, Languri Ehsan Mohseni, Dahari Mahidzal, 2015 , “Investigation Of Heat Transfer And Pressure Drop Of A Counter Flow Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger Using MWCNT Based Nanofluids” ,International Communication In Heat And Transfer ,PP 172-179. [3]. Khan Mohd. Rehan, Kumar Ajeet, 2015 “An Experimental Study of Exergy In A Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger’’, International Journal Of Mechanical Engineering And Technology, Volume 6, Issue 11, PP – 16-22. [4]. Rao b.Sreedhara, Mayuri M. Krishnakant, V Himanshu, 2015 “Heat Transfer Studies In Wavy Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger’’ ,International Journal Of Advanced Research In Engineering And Technology ,Volume 6 ,Issue 11 ,Pp 72-79. [5]. Rao B. Sreedhara, Svaron, Krishna MVS Murali, Sastry R C, 2014, “Experimental Studies On Pressure Drop In A Sinusoidal Plate Heat Exchanger: Effect Of Corrugation Angle “International Journal Of Research In Engineering And Technology, Volume 3, Issue 2, PP 121-126. [6]. Kumar Ashish, Rai Ajeet Kumar, Sachanvivek, 2014 “An Experimental Study Of Heat Exchanger In A Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger’’, International Journal Of Mechanical Engineering And Technology, Volume 5, Issue 9, PP.286-292. [7]. Rao B.Sreedhara, S Varun, G D Suryawanshi, Prof.Sastry.RC, 2014, “ Experimental Heat Transfer Studies Of Water In Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger And Effects Of Corrugation Angle’’, International Journal Of Scientific Engineering And Technology, Volume 3 ,Issue 7 ,PP 902-905. [8]. Tiwari Arun Kumar, Ghoshpradyumna And Sarkarjahar, 2014 “Combined Energy And Exergy Analysis Of A Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger And Experimental Investigation”, International Journal Of Exergy, Volume 15, Issue 4, PP 395-411. [9]. Yin Jixiang, Yang Gang, Li Yang, 2012, “The Effect Of Wavy Plate Phase Shift Flow And Heat Transfer Characteristics In Corrugated Channels”, International Conference On Advances In Energy Engineering ,PP-1566-1573. [10]. Faizal M., Ahmed M.R. , 2012 , “Experimental Studies On A Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger For Small Temperature Difference Applications” ,Experimental Thermal And Fluid Science ,PP-242-248 [11]. Pandey S.D., Nemav.K. ,2011 “Investigation Of The Performance Parameters Of An Experimental Plate Heat Exchanger In Single Phase Flow’’, International Journal Of Energy Engineering ,Volume 1, Issue 1, PP-19-24. [12]. Kadhim zena K. , Kassimmuna S. , Hussan Adel Y .Abdul , 2016, “CFD Study For Cross Flow Heat Exchanger With Integral Finned Tube” , International Journal Of Scientific And Research Publication ,Volume 6 ,Issue 6 ,PP-668-677. [13]. Sapkal Dnyaneshwar B. , Deshmukhsamir J, Kolhekarrucha R. , 2015 ,“Computer Aided Design CFD Analysis Of Plate Heat Exchanger” ,International Journal Of Innovative And Emerging Research In Engineering , Volume 1 ,Issue 1 ,PP-88-92. [14]. Giurgiua Oana, Pleșaa Angela, Socaciualavinia , 2015 , “ Plate Heat Exchangers - Flow Analysis Through Mini Channels” ,Energy And Environment , PP-244-251. [15]. Pandita Manoj Kumar , Prof Gupta Ashok Kumar, Lahadotiyakailash Kumar ,2015 , “CFD Analysis Of Single Shell And Single Tube Heat Exchanger And Determining The Effect Of Baffle Angle On Heat Transfer” ,International Journal Of Engineering Science And Research Technology, Volume 4 ,Issue 6 ,PP-445-450 . [16]. Jiaruoxu, Hu Junling, And Elbalsohiabubaker E.M , 2014, “ Analysis Of A Counter Flow Parallel-Plate Heat Exchanger” , ASEE Zone 1 Conference ,University Of Bridgeport ,Bridgeport ,CT ,USA. [17]. R Melvinraj C, C Vishal Varghese, Wilson Vicky, Thazhatha Thomas Jerry, Kakkasserymithunk,Simon J , 2014, “Comparative Study Of Heat Exchangers Using CFD , Int. Journal Of Engineering Research And Applications” Volume 4 ,Issue 5 ,PP-118-120. [18]. Kansal Santosh , Fatehmohd.Shabahat , 2014 , “ Design And Performance Evaluation Of Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger Using CFD Simulation” , International Journal Of Research And Technology , Volume 3 ,Issue 7 ,PP-1663-1666. [19]. Rahim Abdur , Jameels.M.Saad , 2012 ,Shell Side Cfd Analysis Of A Small Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger Considering The Effects Of Baffle Inclination On Fluid Flow , Proceedings Of The National Conference On Trends And Advances In Mechanical Engineering ,YMCA University Of Science & Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, PP-167-173. [20]. G Priyanka ,Nagraj M. R. , 2012 , “CFD Analysis Of Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger With And Without Fins For Waste Heat Recovery Applications” , International Journal Of Science And Research (IJSR) . [21]. Fernandes Carla S , Dias Ricardo P , Nobrega Joao M , Maia Joao M , 2007 “Laminar Flow In Chevron-Type Plate Heat Exchangers: CFD Analysis Of Tortuosity, Shape Factor And Friction Factor” ,Chemical Enggineering And Processing Portugal ,PP-825-833. [22]. Witry And Hajerym.H.Al- And Bondokali A ,2003 , “CFD Analysis On Fluid Flow And Heat Transfer In Patterned Role Bonded Aluminium Plate Radiators” ,3rd International Conference On CFD In The Minerals And Process Industries ,CSIRO ,Melbourne ,Australia. [23]. Dr. Panitapu Bhramara , Kanthimathi T. , Chaitanya Krishna , 2016 “Numerical And Experimental Comparision Of Heat Transfer Enhancement In A 2-Pass Double Pipe Heat Exchanger With And Without Inserted Twisted Tapes” , International Journal Of Applied Engineering Research ,Volime 11 ,Issue 1 ,PP 427-434. [24]. Gaidhane Tushar S. ,Bhosalesameer.Y. , 2015 , “ CFD Analysis And Experimental Investigation Of Heat Transfer Enhancement Of Cross Flow Heat Exchanger With Hybrid Nanofluid As A Coolant” , International Engineering Research Journal ,Volume 1 ,Issue 4 ,PP-156-159. [25]. Mr. B Ganesh. Mhaske , Prof. Palande D. D. ,2015 ,“Experimental And CFD Analysis Of Tube In Tube Helical Coil Heat Exchanger” , International Journal Of Engineering Research & Technology ,Volumke 4 ,Issue 8, PP-360-365. [26]. Beigzadeh R., Parvareh A. , Rahim M , 2015 , “Experimental And CFD Study Of The Tube Configuration Effect On The Shell-Side Thermal Performance In A Shell And Helically Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger” , Iranian Journal Of Chemical Engineering ,Springer ,Volume 12 ,Issue 2 ,PP-13-25. [27]. Ikegami Yasuyuki, Mutair Sami, Kawabata Yusuke, 2015, “Experimental And Numerical Investigations On Plate-Type Heat Exchanger Performance”, Open Journal Of Fluid Dynamics, PP-92-98. [28]. Thawkar Vivekp ,Farkadehemant S , 2015 “Experimental And CFD Analysis Of Twisted Tube Heat Exchanger Under Forced Convection” , International Journal Of Science And Research ,Volume 4, Issue 5 ,PP-137-142. [29]. Azaria., Kalbasi M. And Rahimim, 2014,“CFD And Experimental Investigation On The Heat Transfer Characteristics Of Alumina Nanofluids Under The Laminar Flow Regime”, Brazilian Journal Of Chemical Engineering ,Volume 32 ,Issue 2 ,PP-469-481. [30]. Kapse snehal C. , Dr. Arakerimathr.R , 2014“CFD Analysis & Experimental Study On Heat Transfer Enhancement By Various Shapes Of Wings And Material With Forced Convection” ,International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ,Volume 3 ,Issue 9 ,PP 8242-8244.. [31]. Sakr Mohamed, ,2014, “Convective Heat Transfer And Pressure Drop In V-Corrugated Channel With Different Phase Shifts”, Volume 51 , Heat Mass Transfer Coventry University UK ,PP 129-141. [32]. Nagarani N. , Mayilsamy K. , And Murugesan A. ,2013,“Experimental, Numerical Analysis And Optimization Of Elliptical Annular Fins Under Free Convection”, International Journal Of Science And Technology, Volume 37, Issue2, PP 233-239. [33]. Hoettiba , R., Mohamed , A.M.I., Morad , K., Mikhael , 2009 “ N.N , Numerical Investigation Of The Effect Of The Corrugation Pitch And Height On The Fluid Flow And Heat Transfer Characteristics Inside Corrugated Ribbed Passage” ,Port Said Engineering Research Journal Faculty Of Engineering Suez Canal University , Volume 13 ,Issue 2 ,PP 1-21. [34]. Johnson Jibin, V M Abdul Anzar, Shaniabith, P Harifrahiman, Hashmihameed T S, Nithin V S ,2015 , “CFD Analysis Of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger” , International Journal Of Science, Engineering And Technology Research , Volume 4 ,Issue 5 ,PP 1283-1286. [35]. Hwang Seong Won, Kim Dong Hwan, Min June Keeand Jeongji Hwan , 2012“CFD Analysis Of Fin Tube Heat Exchanger With A Pair Of Delta Winglet Vortex Generators” ,Journal Of Mechanical Science And Technology ,Volume 26, Issue 9 ,PP-2949-2958.
Amir Husain, Rajiv Varshney, Vishal Gupta "A Review on Advances in Design and Development of Heat Exchangers" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 11, pp.60-66 2016
Pure and gadolinium (Gd3+) modified lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics were synthesized with chemical composition Pb1-xGdx(Zr0.56Ti0.44)1-x/4O3 [x = 0.00 & 0.06] by using mixed oxide method at the sintering temperature 1200oC. Dielectric properties of the materials were investigated at different frequencies and temperatures. The materials have been exhibited a high dielectric constant (εr) with ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition well above the room temperature. Their tangent loss (Tanδ) has been observed to be very low till a very high temperature close to the transition temperature. The ac conductivity of the materials was found to increase with the increase in temperature and exhibits a marked dispersion near transition temperature. The variation of ac conductivity within wide range of temperature at selected frequencies supports the existence of thermally activated properties in the materials. The conduction process in the materials is attributed to the singly ionized oxygen vacancies in ferroelectric region and doubly ionized oxygen vacancies in paraelectric region.
- Page(s): 67-69
- Date of Publication: 21 November 2016
- Subhash Chandra AzadDepartment of Physics, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara, Bihar, India
- Rajiv RanjanDepartment of Physics, Jamshedpur Co-operative College, Kolhan University, Jharkhand, India
- N. K. SinghDepartment of Physics, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara, Bihar, India
[1]. B. Jaffe, W. R. Crook, H. Jaffe, “Piezoelectric ceramics”, Academic Press, New York, 1971. [2]. M. E. Lines, A. M. Glass, Principles and Applications of Ferroelectrics and Related Materials, Oxford University Press, London, 1977. [3]. J. B. Clark, J. W. Hastie, L. H. E. Kihlborg, R. Metselaar, M. M. Thackeray, Pure Appl. Chem. 66 (1994) 577. [4]. G. Shirane, K. Suzuki, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 7 (1952) 333. [5]. W. L. Zhong, Y. G Wang, P. L. Zhang, B. D. Qu, Phys. Rev. B, 50 (1994) 698. [6]. J. C. Anderson, Dielectrics, Chapman & Hall, London, 1964. [7]. C. J. F. Bottchar, Theory of Electric Polarization, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1952. [8]. D. Wu, A. D. Li, N. Ming, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84 (2004) 22. [9]. S. R. Shannigrahi, F. E. H. Tay, K. Yao, R.N. P. Choudhary, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 24 (2000) 163. [10]. G. Deng, G. Li, A. Ding, Q. Yin, Appl. Phys. Lett., 87 (2005) 192905. [11]. A. Molak, E. Talik, M. Kruczek, M. Paluch, A. Ratuszna, Z. Ujma, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 128 (2006) 16.
Subhash Chandra Azad, Rajiv Ranjan, N. K. Singh "Study of Dielectric and Transport Properties of Gadolinium (Gd3+) Modified Lead Zirconate Titanate [PZT] Ceramics" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 11, pp.67-69 2016