Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)has developed a water quality index which certainly be used with fairly consistent in different geographical locations and different water quality parameters. This study was conducted to assess the water quality of Malwathu Oya cascade-I in tropical Sri Lanka for drinking, fish & aquatic life, irrigation & agriculture and recreational use by applying CCME Water Quality Index (WQI). Water samples from ten tanks were collected once a month representing wet and dryperiods during 2013/14 and analyzed for seven physicochemical parameters (electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen level, turbidity, pH, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate and sodium) using standard instruments and procedures. Physicochemical parameters were compared with the drinking water quality guidelines17 and proposed ambient water quality standards for inland waters of Sri Lanka. Average values of CCME WQI showed that water quality is poor for drinking, fish & aquatic life and irrigation & agriculture in tanks of Malwathu Oya cascade- I while, marginal for recreational use. However, it showed high spatial and temporal variation of water quality for all kind of water uses. CCME WQI can be successfully used to draw meaningful and easily understandableconclusions about cascade systems from large data matrix on water quality.
- Page(s): 01-06
- Date of Publication: 30 June 2016
- MHJP GunarathnaDepartment of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
- MKN KumariDepartment of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
References
[1]. MaddumaBandara, C.M., (1985). Catchment ecosystems and village tank cascades in the dry zone of Sri Lanka: A Time-Tested System of Land and Water Management. In: Lundquist J. et.al. (Eds). Strategies for River Basin Management, Germany. D. Reidel Publishing Company. [2]. Gunarathna, M.H.J.P., Kumari, M.K.N., (2014). Sustainable Management of Malwathu Oya Cascade – I: Present Status and Future Needs. GSTF Journal on Agricultural Engineering Vol. 1, Issue I. 81-85 [3]. Mahesh Kumar, M.K, Mahesh, M.K., Sushmitha, B.R., (2014). CCME Water Quality Index and Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Chikkakere, Periyapatna, Mysore District, Karnataka State, India. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 3, Issue 8. 15343-15347. DOI: 10.15680/IJIRSET.2014.0308038 [4]. Kazi, T.G., Arain, M.B., Jamali, M.K., Jalbani, N., Afridi, H.I., Sarfraz, R.A., (2009). Assessment of water quality of polluted lake using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (72). 301-309. [5]. Iqbal, F., Ali, M., Salam, A., Khan, B.A., Ahmad, S., Qamar, M., Umer, K., (2004). Seasonal Variations of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of River Soan Water at DhoakPathan Bridge (Chakwal), Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology.Vol. 6, No. 1. 89 - 92 [6]. Fan, X., Cui, B., Zhao, H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., (2010). Assessment of river water quality in Pearl River Delta using multivariate statistical techniques. Procedia Environmental Sciences (2). 1220–1234 [7]. Yang, L.I., Linyu, X.U., Shun, L.I., (2009). Water Quality Analysis of the Songhua River Basin Using Multivariate Techniques. Journal of Water Resource and Protection (2). 110-121. [8]. Giriyappanavar, B.S., Patil, R.R., (2013). Application of CCME WQI in Assessing Water Quality for Fort Lake of Belgaum, Karnataka. Indian Journal of Applied Research Vol.03, Issue 04. 32-33. [9]. Mahagamage, M.G.Y.L., Manage, P.M., (2014). Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) Based Assessment Study of Water Quality in Kelani River Basin, Sri Lanka. The 1st Environment and Natural Resources International Conference (ENRIC 2014). 199 – 204. [10]. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. (2001). Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: CCME Water Quality Index 1.0, User’s Manual. Canadian environmental quality guidelines. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg. [11]. Wijetunge, H.S., Hewage, S., (2001). Designing a Water Quality Index for Kesbewa Lake, Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Forestry and Environment Symposium of the Department of Forestry and Environmental Science.University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. 28. [12]. Rakesh, V.B., Ammini, J., (2013). Evaluation of Pollution Status of Chakkamkandam Lake, India using Water Quality Index. Journal of Environmental Research and Development Vol. 7 No. 3. 1311-1315. [13]. Ravikumar, P., Mehmood, M.A., Somashekar, R.K., (2013). Water quality index to determine the surface water quality of Sankey tank and Mallathahallilake, Bangalore urban district, Karnataka, India. Applied water science Vol. 3 Issue I. 247-261. [14]. Shivanna, A.M., Nagendrappa, G., (2015). Water quality index (WQI) approach to evaluate water quality of certain tanks of TipturTaluk in Tumkur district, Karnataka, India. Current world environment 10 (1). https://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.10.1.22. [15]. Gyamfi, C., Boakye, R., Awuah, E., Anyemedu, F., (2013). Application of the CCME WQI Model in Assessing the Water Quality of the Aboabo River, Kumasi-Ghana. Journal of Sustainable Development Vol. 6, No. 10. 1-7. [16]. Al-Janabi, Z.Z., Al-Kubaisi, A.R., Abdul-Hameed, M., Al-Obaidy, J., (2012). Assessment of Water Quality of Tigris River by using Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). Journal of Al-Nahrain University Vol.15 (1). 119-126. [17]. Munna, G.M., Chowdhury, M.M.I., Masrur Ahmed, A.A., Chowdhury, S., Alom, M.M., (2013). A Canadian Water Quality Guideline-Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) based assessment study of water quality in Surma River. Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology Vol. 4(3). 81-89. [18]. APHA. (1992). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 18th edition. America Public Health Association, Washington. [19]. Sri Lanka Standards for drinking water guidelines (SLS 614) Part II Physical and Chemical Requirements. (1983). Sri Lanka Standards Institute. Colombo, Sri Lanka. [20]. Proposed Ambient Water Quality Standards for Inland Waters Sri Lanka. (2001). Environment Action 1 Project (Funded by ADB). Central Environmental Authority. Colombo, Sri Lanka.
MHJP Gunarathna, MKN Kumari "Water Quality Assessment of a Tank Cascade System using CCME Water Quality Index" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.1 issue 3, pp.01-06 2016
The synthesis and characterization of a series of homo binuclear metal complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) with the titled ligand 3,6-Dimethyl-2,7-Dioxo-4,5-diazaocta-3,5-Diene-2,7-Dihydrazone(BAAD) have been reported. The complexes were synthesized by treating an ethanolic solution of the ligand with equimolar amount of appropriate metal salts in ethanol by a direct route. The ligand and its metal complexes have been characterized on the basis of analytical and spectral data, thermal analysis, magnetic and conductivity measurements. Based on the results, tentative structures of the complexes have been proposed. The ligand as well as the metal complexes exhibited antimicrobial activities against the pathogenic fungus T. viridae, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. The fungicidal activities of the complexes have been compared with a standard fungicide Fluconazole.
- Page(s): 07-13
- Date of Publication: 30 June 2016
- P. K. DasDepartment of Chemistry, G. M. University, Sambalpur - 768004, Odisha, India
- S. K. TripathySchool of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyotivihar, Burla – 768019, Odisha, India
- N. K. BeheraSchool of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyotivihar, Burla – 768019, Odisha, India
- S. KarnaSchool of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyotivihar, Burla – 768019, Odisha, India
References
[1]. Iskander, M. F. and Saddeck, S., Inorg. Chim. Acta, (1977), 22, 141. [2]. Elshazly, M. F., Transition Met. Chem., (1981), 6, 8. [3]. Iskander, M. F., Elsayeed, L. and Saddeck, S., Transition Met.Chem., (1981), 6, 32. [4]. Stoufer, R. C. and Busch, D. H., J. Am. Chem. Soc., (1960), 82,4834. [5]. Chakrabarty, J. and Sahoo, B., Indian J. Chem., (1980), 19A, 441. [6]. Stoufer, R. C. and Busch, D. H., J. Am. Chem. Soc., (1960), 82,3491. [7]. Rai, H. C. and Sahoo, B., J. Indian Chem. Soc., (1976), 53, 646. [8]. Goedken, V. L., Inorganic Syntheses, Vol.XX ed. D.H. Busch,(1980), 87. [9]. Vogel, A.I., (1978). A Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, 4th Edition. London : Longman- Green [10]. Chakrabarty, J. and Sahoo, B., Indian J. Chem., (1981), 20A, 431. [11]. Tripathy, S. K., Panda, A., Das, P. K., Behera, N. K., Mahapatra, A. and Panda, A. K., International J. Sc. Env. & Tech., (2014), 3, 208-223. [12]. Belamy, L. J., (1973). The Infrared Spectra of complex molecules.New York: Wiley, p-17. [13]. Nakamato, K., (1978). Infrared Spectra and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds. New York, Brisbane, Toronto : Wiley Interscience, p-227. [14]. Ball, P. W. and Blake, A. B., J. Chem. Soc. (A), (1969), 1415. [15]. Parks, J. E., Wagner, B. E. and Holm, R. H., J. Am. Chem. Soc.,(1970), 92, 3500. [16]. Parks, J. E., Wagner, B. E. and Holm, R. H., Inorg. Chem.,(1971), 10, 2472. [17]. Larsen, E., Lamar, G. N., Wagner, B. E., Parks, J. E. and Holm, R. H., Inorg. Chem., (1972), 11, 2652. [18]. Chakravorty, A. and Kannan, T. S., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., (1967),29, 1691. [19]. Clarke, R. E. and Weber, J. H., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., (1968), 30,1837. [20]. Fergison, J., Prog. Inorg. Chem., (1970), 12, 249. [21]. Irobi, O. N., Moo-Young, M. and Anderson, W. A., Int. J. Pharm., (1996), 34, 87-90. [22]. Anjaneyula, Y. and Rao, R. P., Synth. React. Inorg. Met .Org.Chem., (1986), 16, 257-272. [23]. Srivastava, R. S., Inorg. Chim. Acta., (1981), 56, L65-L67.
P. K. Das, S. K. Tripathy, N. K. Behera, S. Karna "Synthesis and Characterization of Binuclear Metal Complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) with 3,6-Dimethyl-2,7-Dioxo-4,5-Diazaocta-3,5-Diene-2,7-Dihydrazone (BAAD)" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.1 issue 3, pp.07-13 2016
Recently a novel series of 2-[(2-thio-3-substituted-6- ethylamino)-1,3,5-thidiazino] imino-11-(piprazine-1-yl) dibenzo[b,f][1,4] oxazepines [IXB(a-f)] was successfully synthesized by the isomerisation of 2-[(2-substitutedimino-6- ethylamino)-1,3,5-dithiozino] imino 11-(piprazine-1-yl) dibenzo [b,f][1,4] oxazepines [VIIIB(a-f)] by 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate in ethanol medium. The structures of all synthesized compounds were justified on the basis of chemical characteristics, elemental analysis and spectral studies.
- Page(s): 14-16
- Date of Publication: 30 June 2016
- D. T. TayadeDepartment of Chemistry, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati 444604., India
- P. R. KaleDepartment of Chemistry, S.R.R.Lahoti Science College, Morshi 444905,India
References
[1]. Tripathi D.N., Malhotra RC. Bhattacharya A., J. Chromatography, 315 1984 417. [2]. Levinspial O., Chem. Rea. Engg., John Willey and Sons 2nd Ed, 1995. [3]. Aiello, F.; Brizzi, A.; Garofalo, A.; Grande, F.; Ragno, G.; Dayam, R.; Neamati, N. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 12, 2004, 4459. [4]. Pecher J., Waefelaer A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1978, 87, 911. [5]. Halina K., Malgorzata S., Agata, W., 9(6), 828-850, 2012. [6]. Ayab H. Journal of Al-Nahrain 15 4 2012 47-59. [7]. J. Mikim, K. Y. Lee and J. N. kim. Bull. Korean Chem.; 23 (8), 2002 1055-1056. [8]. Bansal R.K., J.Heterocycyclic Chemistry, 8, 2012, 12-24. [9]. Fernandes P.S and Sonar T.M., J.Ind.Chem.Soc., 53(4),1986, 427. [10]. Saleem F., Eur. Pat., CHAPPL 87/1 APR 13, 3600009 (1987), Chem Abstr.110,1989, 114893. [11]. Hedge J.C.,Satheesha Rai N. and Balkrishna K., J.Chem.Sci.,III 9(4),2007, 299-302.
D. T. Tayade, P. R. Kale "2-[(2-thio-3-ethyl-6-substitutedamino)-1,3,5- thidiazino]imino-11-(piprazine-1- yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.1 issue 3, pp.14-16 2016
Egg lecithin was extracted from egg yellow yolk and is made to self assemble into a bilayer on the freshly cut agar gel surface in KCl bath solutions. The electrical properties of this salt bridge supported bilayer lipid membrane (sb-BLM) were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The interaction of ciprofloxacin with sb-BLM in KCl bath solutions was also studied using EIS. The effect of KCl concentration in the bath solutions on membrane conductance, capacitance and thickness was discussed. The effect of ciprofloxacin on the redox peak currents of the marker ions at sb-BLM electrode in 0.1 M KCl solution was discussed.
- Page(s): 17-21
- Date of Publication: 30 June 2016
- A. SankarKandaswami Kandar's College, P. Velur, Namakkal-638 182, India.
- S. SivakumarKandaswami Kandar's College, P. Velur, Namakkal-638 182, India.
- P. NithyaKandaswami Kandar's College, P. Velur, Namakkal-638 182, India.
- Sindhu JoseKandaswami Kandar's College, P. Velur, Namakkal-638 182, India.
[1]. Yuan, H., Leitmannova-Ottova, A. and Tien, H.T., 1996. An agarose-stabilized BLM: a new method for forming bilayer lipid membranes. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 4(1), pp.35-38. [2]. J.R. Harris and A.-H. Etemadi (eds.) , ArtiJicial and Reconstituted Membrane Systems, Subcellular Biochemistry, Vol. 14, Plenum Press, New York, 1989, pp. 97-143; (b) D.J. Woodbury, J. Memb. Biol.. 109 (1989) 145. [3]. E. Wang, Y. Liu, S. Dong and J. Ding, J. C/tern. Sot.. Faraday Trans. 86 (1990) 2243-2247; S.I. Alekseev and MC. Ziskin, Bioelectromagnetics, 16 (1995) 124-131; (c) Y.N. Antonenko and P. Pohl, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1235 (1995) 57. [4]. H.T. Tien. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 3 (1995) 7. [5]. A. Dobek, G. Paillotin, J. Gapinski, J. Breton, W. Leibl and H.-W. Trissl, J. Theoret. Biol., 170 (1994) 129. [6]. A. Lorence, A. Darsxon, C. Diaz, A. Lievano, R. Quintero and A. Braavo, FEBSLett., 360 (1995) 217. [7]. Y.-E. He, M.-G. Xie, S.-K. Liu, A.L. Ottova and H.T. Tien, Analyt. H. YamaguchiandH. Nakanishi, Biochim. BiophysA. cta. 1148 (1993) L.&t., 28 (1995) 443. [8]. Ramesh, B., Adkar, S.S., Prabhudesai, A.V. and Viswanathan, C.V., 1979. Selective extraction of phospholipids from egg yolk. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 56(5), pp.585-587. [9]. Lundberg, B., 1973. Isolation and characterization of egg lecithin. Acta Chem Scand, 27, pp.3545-3549. [10]. Laptkova,G., Legin, M., Sabo, J.,2005. Impedance analysis of agar-supported bilayer lipid membranes modified with alamenthicin, Scripta medica (brno) 78 (4),227–234. [11]. Macdonald, J.R., Johnson, W.B. , Macdonald, J.R. , 1987.Impedance Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York. [12]. Guidelli, R., Becucci, L., 2012. Applications of Electrochemistry and Nanotechnologyin Biology and Medicine II. Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, springer. [13]. Hosseini, M., Mertens, S.F.L., Ghorbani, M., Arshadi, M.R., 2003. Asymmetrical Schiff bases as inhibitors of mild steel corrosion in sulphuric acid media. Materials Chemistry and Physics 78(3), 800-808. [14]. Macdonald, J.R., Johnson, W.B. , Macdonald, J.R. , 1987.Impedance Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York. [15]. Laptkova,G., Legin, M., Sabo, J.,2010. Agar working electrode as a support for bilayer lipid membrane: Effects of direct current bias voltages.Chem.Listy,104(5),353-359. [16]. Watts, A., Harlos, K., Marsh, D.,1981. Charge-induced tilt in ordered-phase phosphatidylglycerol bilayers evidence from X-ray diffraction. Biochim Biophys Acta.645(1),91-96. [17]. Favero, G., D’Annibale, A., Campanella, L., Santucci, R., Ferri, T., 2002. Membrane supported bilayer lipid membranes array: preparation, stability and ion-channel insertion. Analytica Chimica Acta 460(1), 23-34. [18]. Xiaoquan, L., Tianlu, L., Lan,., Xiuhui,L., Yan,Z., Yina,C., Jie.D., 2008.Interaction of Quercetin with Supported Bilayer Lipid Membranes on GlassyCarbon Electrode. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 3 ,797–805. [19]. Römer, W., Steinem, C., 2004. Impedance Analysis and Single-Channel Recordings on Nano-Black Lipid Membranes Based on Porous Alumina. Biophysical Journal 86(2), 955-965. [20]. Kotyńska, J., Figaszewski, Z.A., 2005. Adsorption equilibria between liposome membrane formed of phosphatidylcholine and aqueous sodium chloride solution as a function of pH. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1720(1–2), 22-27.
A. Sankar, S. Sivakumar, P. Nithya and Sindhu Jose "Interaction Ciprofloxacin with Agar Gel Supported BLM" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.1 issue 3, pp.17-21 2016
Series of 2-[(2-thio-3-methyl-6-substitutedamino)- 1,3,5-thidiazino]imino11-(pipr- azine-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4] oxazepines [IXB(a-h)] was successfully synthesized by the isomerisation of 2-[(2-methylimino-6-substitutedamino)-1,3,5- dithiozino]imino-11-(pipr azine-1-yl) dibenzo [b,f][1,4] oxazepines [VIII(a-h)] by 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate in ethanol medium. The structures of all synthesized compounds were determined on the basis of chemical characteristics, elemental analysis and spectral studies.
- Page(s): 22-23
- Date of Publication: 30 June 2016
- D. T. TayadeDepartment of Chemistry, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati 444604., India
- P. R. KaleDepartment of Chemistry, S.R.R.Lahoti Science College, Morshi 444905,India
- K. S. PanpaliyaDepartment of Chemistry, S.R.R.Lahoti Science College, Morshi 444905,India
- A. S. ShendgeDepartment of Chemistry, S.R.R.Lahoti Science College, Morshi 444905,India
References
[1]. Tripathi D.N., Malhotra RC. Bhattacharya A., J. Chromatography, 315 1984 417. [2]. Levinspial O., Chem. Rea. Engg., John Willey and Sons 2nd Ed, 1995. [3]. Aiello, F.; Brizzi, A.; Garofalo, A.; Grande, F.; Ragno, G.; Dayam, R.; Neamati, N. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 12, 2004, 4459. [4]. Pecher J., Waefelaer A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1978, 87, 911. [5]. Halina K., Malgorzata S., Agata, W., 9(6), 828-850, 2012. [6]. Ayab H. Journal of Al-Nahrain 15 4 2012 47-59. [7]. J. Mikim, K. Y. Lee and J. N. kim. Bull. Korean Chem.; 23 (8), 2002 1055-1056. [8]. Bansal R.K., J.Heterocycyclic Chemistry, 8, 2012, 12-24. [9]. Fernandes P.S and Sonar T.M., J.Ind.Chem.Soc., 53(4),1986, 427. [10]. Saleem F., Eur. Pat., CHAPPL 87/1 APR 13, 3600009 (1987), Chem Abstr.110,1989, 114893. [11]. Hedge J.C.,Satheesha Rai N. and Balkrishna K., J.Chem.Sci.,III 9(4),2007, 299-302
D. T. Tayade, P. R. Kale, K. S. Panpaliya, A. S. Shendge "2-[(2-thio-3-methyl-6-substitutedamino)-1,3,5- thidiazino]imino-11-(piprazine-1- yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.1 issue 3, pp.22-23 2016