The development of seed and its biomass accumulations is subject to a highly complex and particular regulation mechanism, which brings into play both the yield and biological expectancy to each species. Effect of etymology on early growth performance and biomass accumulation of Dialium guineense was established in this study. The seeds were collected across four different locations viz: Lagos, Ogun, Anambra and Abuja. Their seeds were raised into seedlings and data was collected on growth performance and biomass accumulation. The results were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result of the leaf count indicated no significant differences (P≤0.05) throughout the 12 weeks of observation. There are significant differences in collar diameter for week 2, 4 and 8 while treatment four (T4) proved best. For leaf area there is significant difference on week 4, 6 and 8 while Treatment 1 (T1) had the highest value for week 4, 6 and 8 respectively. Wet root weight obtained shows significant difference (P<0.05) in week 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 while week 2 shows no significant difference respectively. Total dry root weight shows significant difference (P<0.05). The relationship between wet and dry biomass of D. guineense is an indication that there is positive linear relationship between the wet and dry biomass.
- Page(s): 01-07
- Date of Publication: 14 September 2019
- Haastrup N.O Ecologist, Department of Forest Conservation and Protection, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Oladipo A.D Plant pathologist, Department of Forest Conservation and Protection, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Agbajie O.J Forestry Department, Federal College of Forestry, Jos. Plateau State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Abugre and Oti- boating (2011). Seed source variation and Polybag size on early growth of Jatropha curcas. Journal of Agricultural and biology science vol 6(4) 39-45 [2]. Ginwal, H. Gera, S M and Vishwanath, S. (1995). Fertilizer effects on growth and nodulation of Albizia procera seedlings. Nitrogen Fixing Research Reports 13, 32-35 [3]. Guantilleke CVS, Guantilleke GAD, Perera DFRP, Burslem PMS, Ashton PS (1997). Responses to nutrient addition among seedlings of eight closely related species of Shorea in Sri Lanka. J. Ecol., 85: 301-311. [4]. Jimoh, S. O. and Okali, D. U. (1999). Variations in Fruit and Seed Characteristics and Germination of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum & Thonn) Taub. from Different Sources in South-Western Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Forest Resources, 15, 10-21 [5]. Lars, S. (2000). Guide to handling of tropical and subtropical forest seed (eds) Kersten, O. Danida Forest Seed Centre 511. [6]. Mng’omba, S. A. (2007). Development of clonal propagation protocols for Uapaca kirkiana and Pappea capensis, two southern African trees with economic potential. PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 195. [7]. Nwaoguala, C.N.C. and Osaigbovo, A.U. (2009). Enhancing seedling production of Black Velvet Tamarind (Dialium guineense ). Journal of Applied and Natural Science,1(1), 36-40. [8]. Ogbe, O.F. and Egharevba, R.K.A (1992). Indigenous food plant. Field survey of indigenous and useful plants, their preparation for food and home garden, [9]. Edo/Delta States of Nigeria. University programme on National Research in Africa, 1, 132-134. [10]. Nwoboshi, L C. (1982). Tropical Siliviculture: Principles and Techniques. Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, 333. [11]. Okafor, J. C. (1980). Edible Indigenous Woody Plants in the Rural Economy of the Nigerian Forest Zone. Forest Ecology and Management, 3, 45-55. [12]. Oni, O. and Bada, S. O. (1991) Effect of Seed Size on Seedling Vigour in Idigbo (Terminalia ivorensis). Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 4, 215-229. [13]. Oni, O and Caspa (2002). Effect of soil sources and pot sizes on early growth of seedlings of an indigenous multipurpose tree species ( Parkia biglobosa. (Jacq) Benth Niger. Jour of Eco 4(1), 50-58. [14]. Pooter HC (1990). Leaf area ratio net assimilation rate of 24 wild species deferring in relative growth rate. J. Ecol., 18: 553-559. [15]. Xiao-Xia, Q. U., Zhen-Ying, H., Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. (2008). Effect of Temperature, Light and Salinity on Seed Germination and Radicle growth of the geographically widespread Halophyte shrub Halocnemum strobilaceum. Ann Bot (Lond) 101(2), 293-299.
Haastrup N.O, Oladipo A.D, Agbajie O.J "Effect of Etymology on Early Growth Performance of Dialium guineense. Wild and Biomass Accumulation" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.01-07 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/01-07.pdf
Human Resource the board (HRM or HR) is the key way to deal with the viable administration of individuals in an organization or association to such an extent that they help their business increase an upper hand. It is intended to boost representative execution in administration of a business' key goals. Human Resource the executives is principally worried about the administration of individuals inside associations, concentrating on approaches and frameworks. HR divisions are in charge of regulating worker advantages structure, representative enlistment, preparing and improvement, execution examination, and reward the executives, for example, overseeing pay and advantage frameworks. HR likewise worries about authoritative change and mechanical relations, or the offsetting of hierarchical practices with prerequisites emerging from aggregate bartering and legislative laws. One can without much of a stretch contend that setting up HR rehearses that treat individuals with pride, helping them develop in their insight, aptitudes and capacities (KSAs), and repaying them in a manner that gives security is a profound articulation of the elegance and love of God. This is high and sacred work, regardless of whether the chief isn't an adherent of Jesus and does not have this otherworldly understanding. Through basic beauty God's standards work notwithstanding when those included don't have any acquaintance with him.
- Page(s): 08-11
- Date of Publication: 14 September 2019
- Dr. (Prof) Madhuri SanapAssistant Professor (OB & HRM), Sasmira’s Institute of Management Studies & Research, Worli, Mumbai, India
References
[1]. Benefiel, M. (2005). Soul at work: Spiritual leadership in organizations. New York: Seabury Books. ISBN 1596270136 [2]. Biberman, J. (Ed.).(2000). Work and spirit: A reader of new spiritual paradigms for organizations. Scranton, PA: University of Scranton Press. ISBN 0940866897 [3]. Bowman, T.J. (2004). Spirituality at Work: An Exploratory Sociological Investigation of the Ford Motor Company. London School of Economics and Political Science [4]. Fairholm, G.W. (1997). Capturing the heart of leadership: Spirituality and community in the new American workplace. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0275957438 [5]. Fry, L.W. (2005). Toward a paradigm of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 619-722. [6]. Giacalone, R.A., &Jurkiewicz, C.L. (2003). Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. New York: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 0765608448 [7]. Jue, A.L. (2006). Practicing spirit-centered leadership: Lessons from a corporate layoff. In Gerus, C. (Ed.). Leadership Moments: Turning points that changed lives and organizations. Victoria, BC: Trafford. ISBN 1412099641 [8]. Miller, D.W. (2006). God at work: The history and promise of the faith at work movement. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195314808 [9]. Chan, R., & Joseph, S. (2000). Dimensions of personality, domains of aspiration, and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(2), 347-354. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00103-8 [10]. Emmons, R. A. (2000). Is Spirituality an Intelligence? Motivation, Cognition, and the Psychology of Ultimate Concern. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10(1), 3-26. doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr1001_2 [11]. Griffiths, R., Johnson, M., Richards, W., Richards, B., McCann, U., & Jesse, R. (2011). Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects. Psychopharmacology, 218(4), 649-665. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2358-5 [12]. Krems, J. A., Kenrick, D. T., & Neel, R. (2017). Individual Perceptions of Self-Actualization: What Functional Motives Are Linked to Fulfilling One’s Full Potential? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 0146167217713191. doi:10.1177/0146167217713191 [13]. Wuthnow, R. (1978). Peak Experiences: Some Empirical Tests. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 18(3), 59-76. doi:10.1177/002216787801800307 [14]. Waaijman, Kees (2000), Spiritualiteit. Vormen, grondslagen, methoden, Kampen/Gent: Kok/Carmelitana [15]. Waaijman, Kees (2002), Spirituality: Forms, Foundations, Methods, Peeters Publishers [16]. Wong, Yuk-Lin Renita; Vinsky, Jana (2009), "Speaking from the Margins: A Critical Reflection on the 'Spiritual-but-not-Religious' Discourse in Social Work", British Journal of Social Work, 39 (7): 1343–59, doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcn032 Webliography [17]. https://www.tandfonline.com › doi › full [18]. journals.sagepub.com › doi › pdf [19]. https://www.tandfonline.com › doi › abs [20]. https://www.psychologytoday.com › blog › unique-everybody-else › what [21]. https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu › what-spirituality
Dr. (Prof) Madhuri Sanap, "“Empirical Study on Human Resource & Spiritual Practice”" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.08-11 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/08-11.pdf
Brown sugar as a product of sucrose crystals and molasses has presented some specific characteristics that significantly deviated from the refined white sugar. Identified physicochemical properties [Turbidity (T), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH and electrical conductivity (EC)] were adopted in comparing and assessing the properties of these two products in water. The statistical mean values of pH, EC, TDS, and T of the brown sugar (BS) serial solutions as supported by single-factor ANOVA are 7.72 (slightly alkaline), 0.672uS/cm, 431.8ppm and 167.8NTU respectively and for refined white sugar (WS), the mean values for pH, EC, TDS, and T are 6.98(Slightly acidic), 0.002uS/cm, 17.4ppm and 7.6NTU respectively. The significant differences between the brown sugar (BS) and the white refined sugar (WS) were directly estimated by the magnitudes of the statistical F values (Fstat), which has to be greater than the critical F values (Fcrit) with respect to these four parameters. Fstat for pH, EC, TDS, and T are all greater than their respective Fcrit as thus; pH [( Fstat > Fcrit)=12.79439 > 5.317655], EC [( Fstat > Fcrit)=21.40881 > 5.317655] , TDS [( Fstat > Fcrit)=26.77300 > 5.317655] and T [( Fstat > Fcrit)=21.31919 > 5.317655]. These outcomes explicitly revealed and confirmed the dissimilarities between these two sugar products. Hence, with recommendations to support the production, consumption, and applications of brown sugar against the white type.
- Page(s): 12-16
- Date of Publication: 16 September 2019
- Olabimtan Olabode .H Industrial and Environmental Pollution Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria.
- Adesina Olalekan.B Industrial and Environmental Pollution Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria.
- Batari Musa.L Scientific and Industrial Research Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria.
- Ashade Noah .O Research and Development, Outstation Coordination Department, National Research for Chemical Technology, Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria.
- Musa Omale.P Department of Internal Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria.
- Yahaya Yakubu Department of Applied Chemistry, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
- Opeyemi Adegboyo .ODepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria.
- Mshelia Suleman. SDepartment of Chemistry, Nigerian Army University Biu Borno state, Nigeria.
- Dahiru IbrahimScientific and Industrial Research Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria.
References
[1]. Corliss, J. (2019). Eating too much-added sugar increases the risk of dying with heart disease – Harvard..Health.Blog.[Online]Harvard..Health..Blog.Available.at:https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/eating-too-much-added-sugar-increases-the-risk-of-dying-with-heart-disease-201402067021 [Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [2]. Msn.com. (2019). Brown Sugar vs. White Sugar: Which Is Better? [Online]Available..at: https://www.msn.com/enza/health/medical/brown-sugar-vs-white-sugar-which-is-better/ar-AACF2Xj[Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [3]. En.wikipedia.org.(2019). Brown..sugar.[Online]Availabl..at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_sugar [Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [4]. Ryan T. Hurt, S. (2019). The Obesity Epidemic: Challenges, Health Initiatives, and Implications.. for...Gastroenterologists.[Online].PubMed.Central..(PMC).Available..at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033553/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [5]. Archive.org. (2019). Full text of "Proceedings of the.Sugar Processing Research Conference". [Online]Available..at:https://archive.org/stream/CAT10399044002/CAT10399044002_djvu.tt [Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [6]. Archive.org. (2019). Full text of "Proceedings of the Sugar Processing. Research Conference". [Online]Available..at:https://archive.og/stream/CAT10399044006/ AT10399044006_djvu.txt [Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [7]. Grains,C.andSugar,B. (2019). Brown Sugar in Delhi, Latest Price & Mandi Rates from Dealers in Delhi. [Online] Dir.indiamart.com. vailable.at: https://dir.indiamart.com/delhi/Brown-sugar.html[Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [8] The Claim: Brown.sugar is healthier than..white..Sugar - https://www.nytimes.com 2007/06/12 › health › nutrition [9]. Anon, (2019). [Online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/Which-is-better-between-brown-sugar-and-white-sugar [Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [10]. Anon,(2019).[Online]Available..at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229503721_Sugar [Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [11]. MADIKE,I...and..MADIKE,I.(2019). Maltdrinks:.Sweet..Silent..killers.[Online]New.telegraph..Available.at:https://www.newtelegraphng.com/2019/02/malt-drinks-sweet-silent-killers/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [12]. Quizlet. (2019). chapter 4 added sugars Flashcards.Quizlet. [Online]Available.at:https://quizlet.com/91792160/chapter-4-added-sugars-flash-cards [Accessed 25 Aug. 2019]. [13]. Fao.org.(2019).[online]Available.at:http://www.fao.org/livestock/agap/frg/ECONF95/PDF/MOLASSES.PDF [Accessed 25 Aug. 2019].
Olabimtan Olabode .H, Adesina Olalekan.B, Batari Musa.L, Ashade Noah .O, Musa Omale.P, Yahaya Yakubu, Opeyemi Adegboyo .O, Mshelia Suleman. S, Dahiru Ibrahim "Comparative Studies with Selected Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Single Factor Analysis of Variance of Locally Produced and Industrial Processed Sugar Products in Aqueous Medium" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.12-16 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/12-16.pdf
Treatment of Salmonella and Vibro spp with synthetic antibiotics have progressively declining efficacy due to resistances posed by the target organisms. This study seeks to investigate the susceptibility of these organisms to two age-long anti-diarrhea herbs: Euphorbia kamerunica and Cola gigantean. Vibrio cholerae and type cultures of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella arizona and Salmonella enterica were collected from the Microbiology Laboratory, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Euphorbia kamerunica succulents and Cola gigantea bark were collected from Neke-Oghe in Ezeagu L.G.A of Enugu State. The herbs were identified in the herbarium at the Botany Department of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Crude extracts of the herbs were made using n-hexane and hot water. Known concentrations of the extracts were used to test the sensitivity of the organisms. Gram-negative antibiotic discs were also used for comparison. Higher sensitivities of the organisms were observed with n-hexane extract of E. kamerunica (75%) and C. gigantea (54.2%) but lower sensitivity with their hot water equivalents: 0% and 25% for E. kamerunica and C. gigantea respectively. E. kamerunica was generally more inhibitive to the organisms than C. gigantea. The bactericidal effects were also more pronounced with the n-hexane extracts of the herbs. The organisms showed varied sensitivity to the antibiotics. Statistical analysis using t-test carried out to compare the herbal and antibiotic treatments indicated a significant difference with the hot water extracts of E. kamerunica and C. gigantea; t cal > t tab but no significant difference with the n-hexane extract of E. kamerunica; t tab > t cal.
- Page(s): 17-23
- Date of Publication: 16 September 2019
- Ezema, James NnabuikeDepartment of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
- Imanyikwa, Olaedo E. I.Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
- Dibua, Maria EstherDepartment of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Kanife, Gerald O.Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Ashour, H.M. and Amany, E. (2004). Species Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Gram Negative Aerobic Bacteria in Hospitalized Cancer Patients. Journal of Translational Medicine. 7: 14. [2]. Doel, M.A and Segrott, J (2004). Materializing Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Geoforum, 35 (6): 727-738. [3]. Finkelstein, Q.W (1996). Vibrio cholerae and Cholera: Molecular to Global Perspective, Second Edition. Plus Publishers, Stockholm, Sweden. P. 345. [4]. Giannella, R. A. (1996). Baron's Medical Microbiology, Fourth Edition. University of Texas Medical Branch, USA. P. 1929. [5]. Heidelberg, R., Schultz, M. N., Goetz, F and Bertrand, R.F (2000). Impact of Clinical and Environmental Factors on the Epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in Aquatic Ecosystems. Nova Science Publishers, Hamburg, Germany. 221-224. [6]. Janda, J.M and Abbott, S.L (2006). "The Enterobacteria". ASM Press, Texas, USA. 34. [7]. Kaper, D., Plerm, I.O., Briggs, D.E., Queen, T.S, Troy, E.A and Froth, T (1995). In vitro Activityof Genifloxacin (SB-265805) Compared to Eleven Other Antimicrobial Agents Against Vibrio cholerae Isolates. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 20 (4), P. 2001. [8]. Ndour, A.D., Watanmal, V.B and Polsscin, J.O (2006). “A Lion in Our Village”- The Unconscionable Tragedy of Cholera in Africa. New England Journal of Medicine, 360 (11): 1060-1063. [9]. Nweze, E.I. and Eze, E.E (2009). Justification for the Use of Ocimium gratissimum L in Herbal Medicine and Its Interaction with Disc Antibiotics. Complementary Alternative Medicine, 9: 37. [10]. Pazzani, E.T., Brecci, N and Finkelstein, T (2006). Genomics and the Evolution of Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae Bacterial Genomes and Infectious Diseases. Humana Press, Texas, USA. 270. [11]. Ryan, K.J and Ray, C.G (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology, Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill, 362–368. [12]. Shi, Q., Su, X and Kiyota, H (2008). Chemical and Pharmacological Research of the Plants in the Genus Euphorbia. Chemical Reviews, 108 (10): 4295-4327. [13]. Sonibare, M.A., Soladoye, M.O., Esan, O., Sonibara, O.O (2009). Phytochemical Studies of Four Species of Cola. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6 (4): 24-25. [14]. Strohl, A.A., Harrow, B.C and Serps, P.C (2001). Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and Molecular Biology, Fourth Edition. Horizon Scientific Press, London, United Kingdom. 2118. [15]. Taghreed, T.A (2001). http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Dr. Taghreed. Retrieved 27th January, 2010. [16]. Thompson, A.J and Swings, T (2006). Epidemic of Vibrio cholerae 0139 With Specific Reference to Intrafamilial Transmission in Calcutta. Journal of Infections, 31 (1): 45-47. [17]. Agbebi O. T., Oyeleke G.O. and Agbon O.A.(2012). Use of Euphorbia Kamerunica (Spurge) Extract in the Control of Saprolegnia Species Growth in Incubated Eggs of Clarias Gariepinus. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 12 (8): 2249-4626. [18]. Ogunnusi T. A. and Oso B. A. (2014). Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts ofEuphorbia Kamerunica Pax. Int. J. Pharm. Med. & Bio. Sc., 3 (2): 2278 – 5221. [19]. Agyare, C., Koffuor, G. A., Boamah, V. E., Adu, F., Mensah, E. B. and Adu-Amoah, L. (2012). Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pterygota macrocarpa and Cola gigantea (Sterculiaceae). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012. [20]. Aduol, O. M., Ogila, K. O. and John, K. (2014). Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 6 (5): 88-93. [21]. Tarh J. E. and Iroegbu C. U. In- vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Effects of Euphorbia abyssinica (Desert Candle) Extract (2017) Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13(1): 1-10. [22]. Ogunnusi, T.A (2015). Auntifungal Activity of Extracts of Euphorbia Kamerunica PAX. Journal of Applied Physics. 7(3): 63-68 [23]. Adindu, C. S., Odili L. C., Nwagu, E. E., Agu, K. C., Awah, N. S., Okeke, B. C. and Orjionwe, R. N. (2016). Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of Cola gigantea Leaves, Stem and Bark Universal Journal of Microbiology Research 4(2): 49-54
Ezema, James Nnabuike, Imanyikwa, Olaedo E. I., Dibua, Maria Esther and Kanife, Gerald O. "In Vitro Susceptibility Study of Salmonella Spp. and Vibrio Cholerae to Crude Extracts of Euphorbia Kamerunica and Cola Gigantea " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.17-23 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/17-23.pdf
Schiff base ligand (HL) derived from ciprofloxacin and 2-aminopyridine was successfully synthesized and complexed with cobalt(II) chloride and zinc(II) acetate. The characterization was done base on molar conductance, infrared and electronic spectra. 1H NMR was also used for the ligands. The complexes were formed in moderate yields. The ligand and complexes are stable at room temperature. They are soluble in polar solvents (distilled water, ethanol and methanol) but slightly soluble in non-polar solvents (acetone, chloroform and n-hexane). The ligand has sharp melting point of 150 0C while the range of those of the complexes indicate their purity. The molar conductivity measurements are in the range of 0.006-0.193 Scm2mol-1 indicating that the complexes are non-electrolytes. The percentage of the metals determined in the complexes are in close agreement with the theoretical values. Infrared spectra of the complexes agree with the coordination to the central metal atom through the nitrogen of the azomethine (C=N), pyridinium (azine) nitrogen hence the ligands are tridentate. The electronic spectra reveals the π-π* and n-π* transitions of the ligand while the 1H-NMR spectra of the ligand suggests the formation of the azomethine bond. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of all the compounds at different concentrations was screened against four bacterial pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli and also on fungal strain; Aspergillusniger and Aspergillusfumigatus. The complexes showed better activity of antibacterial strain compared to the parent and control drug but no activity on fungal strain. This is an indication that the synthesized compounds have broad spectrum activity.
- Page(s): 24-29
- Date of Publication: 22 September 2019
- T. I. UzoigweUniversity of Maiduguri, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section, Borno State, Nigeria
- A. A. OsunlajaFederal University Gashua, Department of Chemistry, Yobe State, Nigeria
- P. N. NdahiUniversity of Maiduguri, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section, Borno State, Nigeria
- O.A. WafuduUniversitiTeknologi, 81310, Johor Bahru , Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Malaysia
- I. DaudaUniversity of Maiduguri, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section, Borno State, Nigeria
References
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Senthil, K., Priya, S., Jayachandramani, N. and Mahalakshmi, S. (2013). Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Biological Activities of Transition Metal Complexes Derived from a Tridentate Schiff Base. AsianJournal of Chemistry.24(8):1- 10. [12]. Tantaru, G., Popescu, M.C., Bild, V., Poiata, A., Lisa, G., and Vasile, C. (2012). Spectroscopic, Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties of the Copper(II) Complex of Schiff Base Derived from 2-(Salicylidene) Aminopyridine. Applied Organometallic Chemistry. (wileyonlinelibrary.com)DOI10.1002/aoc.2872. [13]. Sindhu, Y., Athira, C. J., Sujamol, M. S., Selwin, J. R, and Mohanan, K. (2013). Synthesis, Characterization, DNA Cleavage, and Antimicrobial Studies of Some Transition Metal Complexes with a Novel Schiff Base Derived from 2-Aminopyrimidine. Journal of Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry. 43 (3): 226-236. [14]. Sikarwar, P., Tomar, S. and Singh, A. P. (2016). Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Transition Metal(II) Complexes of Schiff Bases Derived from 2-Aminophenol and Vanillin. International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering and Research.2(2): 221-229. [15]. Hossain, M. S., Zakaria, C. M. andZahan M. K. (2017). Synthesis and Characterization with Antimicrobial Activity Studies on some Transition Metal Complexes of N, O Donor Novel Schiff Base Ligand. Journal of Scientific Research. 9 (2): 209-218. [16]. Dnyaneshwar, P. G. and Arvind, K. A. (2015). Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base Ligands derived from 2-Aminopyridine and 3-Aminophenol by Using Green Approach. Der ChemicaSinica,6(10): 34-37. [17]. Abdullahi, O. S., Gareth, M. W. and Bernadus, V. B. (2018). Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Study of Cu(II) Complexes of Aminopyridine and (Aminomethyl)Pyridine Schiff Bases. Journal of Serbian Chemical Society. 83(7–8): 809–819. [18]. Ndahi, N. P., Pindah, Y.P. and Sandabe, U. K. (2012). Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Some Schiff Base Complexes of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II). Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research.1(2): [19]. Padma, S., Sapna, T. and Singh, A. P. (2016). Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Schiff Bases and their Mixed Ligand Metal Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). American Journal of Chemistry. 6(5): 119-125. [20]. Sadeek, S. A., El-Attar, M. S and El-Hamid, S.M. (2015). Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Some New Transition Metal Complexes with Ciprofloxacin- Imine. Bulletin ofChemical Society Ethiopia,29(2): 259-274. [21]. Gueye, A., Tamboura, F. B., Planeix, J. M., Gruber, N. and Gaye, M. (2018). Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Transition Metal Complexes of Tridentate Ligand Formed by Direct Condensation of o-Vanillin and 2-Aminophenol: X-Ray Structural Characterization of the Zinc(II) Complex. European Journal of Chemistry.9(4): 281- 286. [22]. Narendra, K. C and Parashuram M. (2017). Metal Complexes of a Novel Schiff base Based on Menicillin: Characterization, Molecular Modelling and Antibacterial Activity Study. Hindawi Bioinorganic Chemistry and Application. (10): 1-13. [23]. Osowole, A. A., Kolawole, G. A and Fagade, O. J. (2008). Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies on Unsymmetrical Schiff base Complexes of Nickel(II), Copper(II) and Zinc(II) and Adducts with 2,2’-dipyridine and 1, 10 phenanthroline. Journal of Coordination Chemistry. 61: 1046-1049. [24]. Obaleye, J. A., Akinrenmi, C. A., Balogun, E. A. and Adebayo, J. O. (2011). Toxicological Studies and Antimicrobial Properties of some Iron(III) Complexes of Ciprofloxacin. African Journal of Biotechnology. 6(24): 2826-2832.
T. I. Uzoigwe, A. A. Osunlaja, P. N. Ndahi, O.A.Wafudu, I. Dauda "Co(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of Ciprofloxacin Imine: Physicochemical and In-Vitro Biological Evaluation" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.24-29 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/24-29.pdf
This research work modeled chicken production in Nigeria using the least square approach as well as the univariate Box-Jenkins Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model method. The objective is to investigate the production trend and make logical forecast for poultry farmers to meet up with any future challenges that may arise due to the increase in demand for poultry meat. The maximum likelihood method of estimation was used to obtain the parameters of the fitted Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Yearly chicken production data for the period of 1961 to 2017 obtained from Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) was used to investigate the performance of the model. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test carried out to check for stationarity of the series shows that the original data was nonstationary and stationarity was attained after the first differencing. ARIMA (2, 1, 2) emerged as the best among other fitted models with Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value of 1168.42 and log likelihood 579.21. The optimum model is given by: Xt= ϕ1Xt-1 + ϕ2Xt-2 + θ1et-1 + θ2Xt-2 with estimated parameters ϕ1= 0.3169, ϕ2 = - 0.5005, θ1= - 0.3948, θ2 = 0.9377. Diagnostic checks via standardised residuals, ACF of residuals and p-values revealed that the model captures the data well enough. Forecast values for the year 2018 to 2023 were then obtained which show a considerable variation over the years. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model clearly performed excellently in studying the behavior of chicken production data and forecasting its future values.
- Page(s): 30-35
- Date of Publication: 22 September 2019
- Lanrewaju Olumide AdekolaDepartment of Physical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria
- Opeyemi Olalekan OlatayoDepartment of Physical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria
References
[1]. Akaike, H. (1970). Statistical predictor identification. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics. 22: 203–17 [2]. Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE transactions on automatic control. 6: 716-723. [3]. Alaejos, M. S., Gonzalez, V., & Afonso, A. M. (2008). Exposure to heterocyclic aromatic amines from the consumption of cooked red meat and its effect on human cancer risk: A review. Food Additives and Contaminants, 25 (1), 2–24. [4]. Alison, J. M., Emeir, M. M., Geraldine, J. C., Bruce, W. M., Julie, M.W., Wallace, M. P. Bonham and Anna M. Fearon (2010). Red meat consumption: An overview of the risks and benefits. Meat Science 84 (2010) 1–13. www.elsevier.com/locate/meatsci. [5]. Azadbakht, L., and Esmaillzadeh, A. (2008). Red meat intake is associated with metabolic [6]. Box, G. E. P. and Jenkins, G. M. 1976. Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, Revised Edition, Holden-Day, San Francisco. [7]. Cosgrove, M., Flynn, A., & Kiely, M. (2004). Impact of disaggregation of composite foods on estimates of intakes of meat and meat products in Irish adults. Public Health Nutrition. 8 (3), 327–337. [8]. Henderson, L., and Gregory, J. (2002). The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Adults aged 19-64 years. Volume 1: Types and quantities of foods consumed. London: The Stationery Office. [9]. Makridakis, S., Chatfield, C., Hibon, M., Lawrence, M., Mills, T., Ord, K., & Simmons, L. F. (1993). "The M2-Competition: "A Real-Time Judgmentally-Based Forecasting Study", International Journal of Forecasting, 9(1): 5-23.
Lanrewaju Olumide Adekola, Opeyemi Olalekan Olatayo "Modelling Chicken Production in Nigeria Using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Time Series Model" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.30-35 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/30-35.pdf
Sisal growing is one of the key agricultural activities in Kenya. Sisal is a high waste generating plant as 97% of its leaves are a waste. Disposal of the waste generated has remained a challenge and are burned to ashes or used as landfills. They are hardly used in promoting plant growth despite their potential. Discarding the biomass arises from the fact that they are acidic and when used would burn crops! When composted however acidity reduces and so is a potential fertilizer. The study set out to determine levels of N, P, K and Ca in relatively young, old, smooth and thorn edged sisal leaf biomass. Sisal leaf samples were collected from farms in Lugari, western Kenya and used to generate sample wastes that were used in the laboratory analysis. Digested samples were subjected to standard procedures and methods: Kjeldhal (N), Spectrophotometry (P) and Photometry (K and Ca) to establish the levels. It was established that sisal leaf wastes analyzed had 1719.00±516.86 mg/100 g of nitrogen, 257.19±131.41 mg/100 g of phosphorous, 2154.94±471.45 mg/100 g potassium and 3419.20±1234.39 mg/100 g calcium. It was further noted that apart from nitrogen all other macronutrients were significantly higher in relatively young leaves compared to correspondingly older leaves. Both potassium and calcium were also significantly high in thorn edged leaf varieties compared to the smooth edged ones. It is hoped that results of this study will influence the disposal mechanism shifting it from the present methods to composting or otherwise that would enable their utilization in promoting plant growth.
- Page(s): 36-40
- Date of Publication: 26 September 2019
- Peter A.C. EchessaDepartment of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844 00100 GPO NAIROBI, KENYA
References
[1]. Besford, R.T., G.A Maw, 1974. Uptake and distribution of potassium in tomatoe plants.Journal of plant and soil science41: 601-618. [2]. Breimer, T. 1982: Environmental factors and cultural measures affecting the nitrate content in spinach. Journal of Agronomy3:191-192. [3]. Cunningham, R.S., 2002. Effects of nutritional status.American journal of clinical nutrition Immunological function76: 1409-1415. [4]. FAO, 2008. Fibers.Statistical Bulletin.URL 22. [5]. Gabelman, W.H. and Loughman, B.C. 1993. Genetic variations in the uptake and utilization of potassium in wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) varieties grown under potassium stress. In: Leiden (ed) Genetic Aspects of plant mineral nutrition. MartinusNijhoff publishers page 323-330. [6]. Garrow, J.S., James, W.P. and Raph, A., 1998. Human nutrition and dietics. China churchillivingstone paper back jan15/856. [7]. Grubben, G.J.H., 2004. Vegetables.Volume 2 of plant resources of tropical African page 523. [8]. Ha, S.H. and Chung G.C., 1995. Integrated analysis of nitrogen status on cucumber plants grown in the solutions of different ionic strength. Journal of international society for horticultural science396:153-160. [9]. Machin, D. H., 1991. Report on the integration of livestock systems into sisal production. Report of a visit carried out to Kenya and Tanzania. GCP/RAF/258/SWE FAO. [10]. Marschmer, H., 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants.2nd edition.Land Academic press. [11]. Mckenzie, R.H. and A. Middleton, 2013. Phosphorous fertilizer application in crop production, Alberta Agriculture and Rural development guide. [12]. Mclaughlin, S.B. and wimmer, R., 1999: Calcium physiology and terrestrial ecosystem process. Journal of New phytologist142:373-417. [13]. Mohammed, S., 2007. Dar esSalaam Plans Power From Sisal Waste, East African Business Week, Kampala. [14]. Mshandate A. M. and A.K Kivaisi, 2012. Comparative study on cultivar and yield performance of Coprinuscinerus (schaeff) Gray on sisal wastes supplemented cow dung. International Journal of research in pure and applied microbiology2:25-31. [15]. Mshandate, A.M., Kibozohi, O. and Kivaisi, A.K., 2013. Tanzanian sisal industry: Auditing and characterization of sisal post-harvest wastes as a bio resource for bio refining. International Journal of pure and applied science and Technology14:84-94. [16]. Mshandate, A.M., L. Bjornsson, A.K. Kivaisi, M.S.T. Rubindamayugi, B. Mattiasson 2006. Effect of Particle size on biogas yield from sisal fibre waste.Journal of Renewable Energy 31:2385-2392. [17]. Mshandate, A.M., L. Bjornsson, A.K. Kivaisi, M.S.T. Rubindamayugi, B. Mattiasson, 2008. Performance of Biofilm Careers in Anaerobic Digestions of Sisal Leaf waste Leachate. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 11:0717-3458. [18]. Muthangya M., A.M. Mshandate and A.K. Kivaisi, 2009. Two stage fungal pretreatment for improved Biogas production from sisal leaf decortications Residues: International Journal of molecular sciences 10: 4805-4815. [19]. Muthangya, M., S.D. Stashini, J.M. Amena A.M. Mshandate and A.K. Kivaisi, 2013. Optimization of pleurotusmushrooms cultivation on sisal solid wastes. Journal of applied sciences23: 1146-1150. [20]. Plank, C.O. and D.E. Kissel, 2008. Plant analysis handbook for Georgia Agricultural and environmental services laboratories.UNGA extension. [21]. Raymond, P., Mshandate, A.M and Kivaisi, A. K., 2012. Comparative study on cultivation and yield performance of Copious cinereous (schaeff) Grey on sisal wastes supplemented with cow dung manure. International journal of research in pure and applied microbiology2:25-31. [22]. Rehm, S. and Esping, G., 1991. The Cultivated Plant of the Tropics and Subtropics.Velag Josef Margraf Scientific Books.ISBN3-8236-1169-0.Bangor SB111.R4313. [23]. Scoh, P., 2006. Bio economy at Work, oil Crisis Boosts African Sisal Industry. UNIDO. [24]. SQM, 2006. Roles of nitrogen and potassium in plant nutrition.Potassium nitrogen Association. [25]. Taiwo,A. (2011). Composting as a sustainable waste management technique in developing countries.Journal of environmental science and Technology.4. [26]. Torelm, I. and Damubon, R., 1998. Variation in major nutrients and minerals in Swedish foods, multivariate, multifactorial approach to the effect of season, region and chain.Journal of food composition and analysis11:11-31. [27]. UNESP, 2010. Development of Research with Waste of Sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine).Pharmacological Properties. [28]. White, P.J. and M.R. Broadley, 2003. Calcium in plants.Ann. Bot., 92: 487–511. [29]. Yayock, J.Y., Lombin, G., Owonubi, J.J., 1988. Crop Science and Production in Warm Climates.Macmillan publishers Ltd, London.
Peter A.C. Echessa "Variation of Plant Macronutrients in Sisal (agavesisalana) Leaves Biomass" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.36-40 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/36-40.pdf
Differential transform method (DTM) is established to be useful in evaluating some certain class of special integrals (Fresnel sine integral, Fresnel cosine integrals and error function). DTM is also employed in solving variable coefficient Airy equation. The Error function and Fresnel sine and cosine integrals were converted to recursive relations using differential transform method and then solved. The results converge to the exact solution. The DTM solution of Airy equation also converges to the solution obtained from Power series method.
- Page(s): 41-43
- Date of Publication: 26 September 2019
- Abayomi Samuel OkeAdekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Folakemi M. OkaforNational Mathematical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
- Victoria AdodoAdekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
References
[1] A. Arikoglu and I. Ozkol. Solution of boundary value problems for integro-differential equations by using transform method. Appl. Math. Comput., 168:1145 – 1158, 2005. [2] F. Ayaz. On two-dimensional differential transform method. Appl. Math. Comput., 143:361 – 374, 2003. [3] J. Biazar and H. Ghazvini Hes. Variational iteration method for solving linear and nonlinear and system of ordinary differential equations. Appl. Math. Comput., 191:287 – 297, 2007. [4] C. K. Chen and S. H. Ho. Solving partial differential equations by two-dimensional differential transform method. Appl. Math. Comput., 106:171 – 179, 1999. [5] C. L. Chen, S. H. Lin, and C.K. Chen. Application of taylor transformation to nonlinear predictive control problem. Appl. Math. Model, 20:699 – 710, 1996. [6] S. El-Sayed. The decomposition method for studying the klein-gordon equation. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 18:1025 – 1030, 2003. [7] O. Adbel-Halim Hassan. Comparison differential transform technique with adomian decomposition method for linear and nonlinear initial value problems. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 36:53 – 65, 2008. [8] H. Jafari and V. Daftardar Gejji. Revised adomian decomposition method for solving system of ordinary and fractional differential equations. Appl. Math. Comput., 181:598 – 608, 2006. [9] M. J. Jang, C. L. Chen, and Y. C. Liu. On solving the initial value problems using the differential transformation method. Appl. Math. Comput., 115:145 – 160, 2000. [10] M. J. Jang, C. L. Chen, and Y.C. Liu. Two-dimensional differential transform for partial differential equations. Appl. Math. Comput., 121:261 – 270, 2001. [11] M. Javidi and A. Golbabai. Modified homotopy perturbation method for solving non-linear fredholm integral equations. Chaos, Solutions and Fractals, 2007. doi: 10. 1016/j. chaos. 2007. 09. 026. [12] A. S. V. Ravi Kanth and K. Aruna. Differential transform method for solving the linear and nonlinear klein-gordon equation. Computer Physics Communications, 180:708 – 711, 2009. [13] Farshid Mirzaee. Differential transform method for solving linear and nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations. Applied Mathematical Sciences, 5(70):3465 – 3472, 2011. [14] M. Mohseni Moghadam and H. Saeedi. Application of differential transforms for solving the volterra integro-partial differential equations. Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction A, 34(A1), 2010. [15] Z. Odibat. Differential transform method for solving volterra integral equation with separable kernels. Math. Comput. Model, 48:1144 – 1146, 2008. [16] A. S. Oke. Convergence of differential transform method for ordinary differential equations. Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science, 24(6):1–17, 2017. [17] A. Tari. The differential transform method for solving the model describing biological species living together. Iranian Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Informatics, 7(2):63–74, 2012. [18] J.K. Zhou. Differential transformation and application for electrical circuits. Huazhong University Press, Wuhan, China, 1986.
Abayomi Samuel Oke, Folakemi M. Okafor, Victoria Adodo "Evaluation of Special Integrals with Differential Transform Method" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.41-43 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/41-43.pdf
The study was conducted to forecast future prices of cowpea in Taraba State, Nigeria. Secondary data were collected from the Agricultural Development Project (ADP) of Taraba State for a period of 5 years (2013-2017). Multistage and Purposive sampling techniques were used for selection of the study area. Dicky Fuller Test and Simple Exponential Smoothing Model were used to analyze the data. The unit root test analysis revealed that all the markets price series were non-stationary at level at 5% significant level, but became stationary after first difference at 5% significant level. The result of exponential smoothing revealed that the cowpea prices in Taraba State will be higher from September to November in the year 2018. It is recommended that an attempts should be made by governments, trade unions and non-Governmental organization to reduce excessive externality costs associated with the cowpea marketing in the states. This attempt will help to minimize the total variable cost and bring about insignificant price differential among cowpea markets in the states.
- Page(s): 44-51
- Date of Publication: 26 September 2019
- Joyce D. MosesDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
- Jimjel ZalkuwiDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
- Titus JoshuaDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
- Bashir H. GabdoDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Adebusuyi, B.S., 2009. Stabilization of Commodity Market of Interest to Africa. Paper presented at the workshop on constraints to growth in sub-Saharan Africa, held in Pretoria South Africa. [2]. Adesola, A.I., and Rahji, M. A.Y., 2015. Integration among Spatial Onion Markets in Nigeria. A Cointegration Analysis. Journal of human-social science; 15 (3):4-8. [3]. Akpan, S.B., 2007. Relative Price Variability and Inflation: A case study of Grain subsector in Nigeria. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis. University of Uyo, Nigeria. Pp 54-57. [4]. Akpan, S.B., Udoh E.J. and Udo U.J., 2014.Monthly Price Analysis of Cowpea (beans) and Maize in Akwa Ibom state, Southern Nigeria. International Journal of Food and Agricultural; 2(2):65-86. [5]. Akpan, S.B., and Udoh, E.J., 2009. Estimating grain relative price variability and inflation rate movement in different agricultural regimes in Nigeria. Humanity and Social Sciences Journal; 4(2):107-113. [6]. Dickey, D.A. and Fuller, W.A. 1979. Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association; 74:427–31. [7]. Gilbert, C., 1999.Commodity risk management for developing countries:paper prepared for the third meeting of the international task force (ITF)held in Geneva 23rd -24th June 1999. [8]. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 2010. IITA Annual Report. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan. [9]. Ibrahim, F.D., Nmadu, J.N., Baba, K.M. Gana, A.S., Danbaba, N., andIbrahim, P.A.,2013. Demand analysis for consumer preference of cowpea attributes in Niger State, Nigeria: A Hedonic Approach. Journal of Agriculture and Vertinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 5 (5):67-72. [10]. International Monetary Fund 2010 in Taru, B., 2014. Price Fluctuation and Market Integration of selected cereal grains in North- Eastern, Nigeria. (Published Doctorate Dissertation), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. Pp 33-45. [11]. Mathew, E., 2014. Analysis of price fluctuation in Mubi North Local Government area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Unpublished project summited to the department of agricultural economics and extension, Adamawa State Unuversity Mubi. Pp. 26-28. [12]. Polaski, S., 2008.Rising Food Prices, Poverty and Doha Round. Carnegie endowmentfor international Peace. Principles and Application.Living Books Series G.M Publications, Abuja. Pp.15-20. [13]. Udoh, E.J., and Akpan, S.B., 2007. Estimating Exportable Tree Crop Relative Price Variability and Inflation Movement under Different Policy Regimes in Nigeria. European Journal of Social Science; 5(2): 17-26. [14]. Zalkuwi, Z., Rakesh, S., Deepika, J., Arpita, G., Rehka, R., 2015. Spatial Market Integration between Two Markets of Sorghum in Karnataka and Maharashtra State of India. International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology; 2(10): 13-25.
Joyce D. Moses, Jimjel Zalkuwi, Titus Joshua and Bashir H. Gabdo "Price Fluctuation of Cowpea in Taraba State, Nigeria " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.44-51 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/44-51.pdf
Conventional antifungal agents are expensive with numerous side effects. Senna didymobotrya plants are known to possess antifungal potential as extensively used by the people of central Kenya in the treatment of ringworm (Tinea capitis)The main aim of this study was to analyze the most expound bioactive compounds present in this plant’s leaves crude extracts and determine its antifungal potency. Solvent extraction was done using water, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvents. The extracts were characterized for physical-chemical parameters, bio-metals, functional groups, phytochemicals and antifungal properties. Both water and methanol extracts were neutral while the rest of the extracts were slightly acidic. The extracts showed appreciable conductivities with methanol (123.05±2.88mS), water (73.43±34.85mS) and more solubility values at 250C. The infrared spectra of the compounds indicated presence of carbonyl groups, alcohols, organometallic compounds and halides. All the S. didymobotrya leaves extracts contained essential bio-metals in considerable concentrations. Flavonoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids were the most pronounced phytochemicals present, especially in methanol and water extracts. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts had the highest of mycelial growth inhibitions in the leaves extracts, (16mm and 15mm respectively). In conclusion, water, methanol and chloroform extracts were found to be more suitable for medicinal applications.
- Page(s): 52-59
- Date of Publication: 27 September 2019
- John MuiruDepartment of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Kenya. P.O Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya.
- Aloys OsanoThe Centre for Innovation, New and Renewable Energy (CINRE) Department, Maasai mara university, Kenya. P.O Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya
- Linda MesoppirrDepartment of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Kenya. P.O Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya.
- Bakari ChakaDepartment of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Kenya. P.O Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya.
References
[1]. Johnson, J. (2017). What you need you need to know about fungal infections. Medical News Today. Medilexicon, InH., 17. [2]. Aly R. Microbial Infections of Skin and Nails. In: Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. Chapter 98. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8301/ [3]. Hawksworth, D. (2001). The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimated revisited. Mycol Res(105), 1422-1432. [4]. Tedersoo, L., Bahram, M., Polme, S., Koljalg, U., Yorou, N., & Wijesundera, R. (2014). Global diversity and geography of soil fungi. Science(346), 6213. [5]. Eggimann, P., Garbino, J., & Pittet, D. (2003). Epidemiology of Candida species infections in critically ill non-immunosuppressed patients. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3, 685-702. [6]. Rojas, J. J., Ochoa, V. J., Ocampo, S. A., & Munoz, J. F. (2006). Screening of antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine; A possible alternative in the treatment of non-nosocomial infections. Biomedical Central Complementary and Alternative Medicine (6), 2. [7]. Doughar, J. H., El-mahmood, A. M., & Tyoyina, I. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Senna obtusifolia (L). African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1(2), 007-013. [8]. Mukherjee, P. K. (2002). An Approach to Evaluation of Botanical. In Mukherjee, Alternative System of Medicine. In; Quality Control Herbal Drugs, Business Horizons. New Delhi, India. (pp. 223-231). [9]. Rischer, H., Oresec, M., & Seppanen-Loakso, T. (2006). Gene-to-metabolite networks for terpenoids indole alkaloids biosynthesis in Catheranthus roseus cells. Proc NaH. Acad. Sci, 103, 5614-5619. [10]. Nyamwamu, L. B., Ngeiywa, M., Mulaa, M., Lelo, E. A., Ingonga, J., & Kimutai, A. (2015). Phytochemical constituents of Senna didymobotrya Fresen irwin roots used as a traditional Medicinal plant in Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research, 2, 435-436. [11]. Hirasawa, M., & Takada, K. (2004). Multiple effects of green tea catechins on the antifungal activity of antimycotics against Candida albicans. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 53, 225-229. [12]. Selvig, K., & Alspaugh, J. A. (2011). pH Response Pathways in Fungi: Adapting to Host-derived and Environmental Signals. Mycobiology, 39(4), 249–256. doi:10.5941/MYCO.2011.39.4.249 [13]. Mukherjee, P. K., Venkatesh, P., & Ponnusankar, S. (2010). Ethnopharmacology and integrative medicine - Let the history tell the future. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, 1(2), 100–109. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.65077 [14]. Cornet, M., & Gaillardin, C. (2014). pH signaling in human fungal pathogens: a new target for antifungal strategies. Eukaryotic cell, 13(3), 342–352. doi:10.1128/EC.00313-13 [15]. Hay R. J. 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Antimicrobial Activity and Safety of two Medininal Plants Traditionally used in Bomet District of Kenya. Res J Med Plant., 6:370-382. [27]. Tahiya, H. A., Amira, H. S., Mohammab, A. H., Afaf, M. W., & Al-Riyami, Q. (2014). Comparative study of phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of fresh and dry leaves crude plant extracts of Datura metel L. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 26, 237-243. [28]. Hirasawa, M., & Takada, K. (2004). Multiple effects of green tea catechins on the antifungal activity of antimycotics against Candida albicans. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 53, 225-229. [29]. Bhat, S. V., Paterson, D. L., Rinaldi, M. G., & Veldkamp, P. J. (2007). Scedosporium prolificans brain abscess in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease: Successful combination therapy with Voroconazole and terbinafine. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 39, 87-90.
John Muiru, Aloys Osano, Linda Mesoppirr and Bakari Chaka "Characterization and Evaluation of Antifungal and Phytochemical Activities of Senna Didymobotrya Leave Extracts " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.52-59 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/52-59.pdf
Biogas production at low temperature regimes is annoyingly slow and yields low biogas volumes. Most biogas supplements are expensive and substrate-specific. The effects of two bio-catalysts Saccharomyeces spp. and Acanthaceae spp. and an inorganic catalyst ferric oxide on biogas production using cow dung slurry was investigated. 1.5L batch anaerobic digester operating in unstirred cryo-mesophilic temperature regime of 20.0 -24.5 0C were utilized. The substrate underwent mild synergistic pre-treatment by steaming with 1% sodium hydroxide solution. The alkalinity and volatile acids of the substrates were insignificantly perturbed by inclusion of the additives. Additives Saccharomyeces spp. and Acanthaceae spp. stabilized digestion temperature while ferric oxide stabilized pH drifts. The overall biogas yields produced in the 100-day retention period were in the order of 4615ml (990.34ml/g-Volatile solids) for ferric oxide, 2335ml (494.08ml/g-Volatile solids) for Saccharomyeces spp., 1750ml (328.94ml/g-Volatile solids) for Acanthaceae spp. and 1030ml (212.37ml/g-Volatile solids) for the control sample. Use of these additives would thus optimize biogas production in cold countries.
- Page(s): 60-67
- Date of Publication: 27 September 2019
- Osano AloysDepartment of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Kenya
- Bakari ChakaDepartment of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Kenya
References
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Bao, T. Zhang, K. Wang, X. Cui, G. Li, Bacterial Community Composition and Fermentation Patterns in the Rumen of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Fed Three Different Diets. Microbial Ecology, 69, 2, (2015),307-318. [7]. H. Li, E. Larsson, E. Thorin, E. Dahlquist, &X. Yu, Feasibility study on combining anaerobic digestion and biomass gasification to increase the production of biomethane. Energy Conversion and Management, 100, (2015), 212-219. [8]. D. Fernández-Gutiérrez, M. Veillette, A. Giroir-Fendler, A.A. Ramirez, N. Faucheux, &M. Heitz, Bio-valorization of saccharides derived from industrial wastes such as whey: a review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/technology, 16, 1, (2017),147-174. [9]. R. Luc, Biomass Gasification and Upgrading to Biomethane, Energy Delta Gas Research,1, Arhnem. (2013),Pg. 10. [10]. J. Sjöström, Green chemistry in perspective—Models for GC activities and GC policy and knowledge areas. Green Chem., 8, (2006),108-117. [11]. Y. 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Osano Aloys, Bakari Chaka "Effects of Green Bio-Catalysts and Ferric Oxide in Cryo-Mesophillic Temperature Biogas Production" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.60-67 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/60-67.pdf
In this paper, the concept of Variational Iteration method(VIM) in solving third-order ordinary differential equations is considered. Some test problems were considered and a comparative study were carried with existing methodsbut a case study was the Modified Adomian Decomposition method (MADM). The third example is represented with on a graph and Error analysis was also plotted.From the chart, the convergence of the VIM was so rapid and involved only a few terms of the series and by far better than the MADM, Seven-Step Block method, Differential Transform method and Picard Iteration method.
- Page(s): 68-71
- Date of Publication: 29 September 2019
- Ilejimi David O. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
- I Mohammed Department of Mathematical Sciences, AbubakarTafawaBalewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Raheem R.L African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Ghana
- Uduak Obot G.Inspire Paradigm Academy Yola, Nigeria
References
[1]. Wazwaz, A.M. (2011). “Linear and Nonlinear Integral Equations”: Methods and Applications. Springer Saint Xavier University Chicago, USA. [2]. Okai J.O, Manjak N.H and Swem S.T., 2018, “The Modified Adomian Decomposition Method for the Solution of Third Order Ordinary Differential Equations,” IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM), PP 61-64. [3]. A.M. Wazwaz, “The variational iteration method for solving linear and nonlinear ODEsandscientificmodelswithvariable coefficients”, Cent. Eur. J.Eng.•4(1)•2014•64-71. [4]. J.H. He, ``Variational iteration method – Some recent results and interpretations”, J. Comput.Appl. Math., 207(1)(2007) 3-17. [5]. H.T. Davis, `` Introduction to Nonlinear Differential and Integral Equations”, Dover Publications, New York, (1962). [6]. H. Carslaw and J. Jaeger, “Conduction of Heat in Solids”, Oxford, London (1947). [7]. R. C. Roberts, “Unsteady flow of gas through a porous medium”, Proceedings of the first U.S National Congress of Applied Mechanics, Ann Arbor, Mich., 773 – 776 (1952). [8]. R. E. Kidder, “Unsteady flow of gas through a semi-infinite porous medium”, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 27 (1067) 329 – 332.
Ilejimi David O., I Mohammed, Raheem R.L and Uduak Obot G. "Numerical Studies for Solving Third Order Ordinary Differential Equation " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.68-71 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/68-71.pdf
The study underscores the impact of agricultural sector on the economic growth of Nigeria. The yearly data sets on real gross domestic product (RGDP) and agricultural variables such as crop production (CP), livestock (LS), forestry (FO) and fishing (FI).covered the period of 1981to 2017. Applying multiple linear regression model and trend pattern of percentage ratio measure, the results showed that all the agricultural variable except CP have insignificant positive impact on RGDP and CP effect is significant under 1% level. And the trend pattern of percentage ratio measure showed that agricultural sector contributes positively to economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, government and stake holders in the agricultural sector should put more effort towards improving some sub-sectors such as fishery, forestry and livestock for a robust agricultural sector contribution to economic growth in Nigeria.
- Page(s): 72-77
- Date of Publication: 04 October 2019
- Amaefula C. GDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
References
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Amaefula C. G "SImpact of Agricultural Sector on Nigeria’s Economic Growth Using Regression and Percentage Ratio Measure" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.72-77 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/72-77.pdf
The study examined the effect of profitability on cash holdings of quoted consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Sample of 20 Nigerian consumer goods firms listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange for a period of 14 years (from 2004-2017) was selected. The main type of data used in this study is secondary; sourced from the Nigerian stock exchange fact book. This study applied ex post facto research design. The data collected were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square Method. The results revealed that that return on assets positively influence consumer goods companies’ cash holdings, whereas earnings per share were found to have an insignificant impact on the cash holdings of consumer goods companies in Nigeria. The study, therefore recommends among others that, the Nigerian consumer goods firms should develop a good strategy for earning high returns from their assets since this has positive significant effect on cash holdings. The study also contributes to the literature on the factors that affect the corporate cash holdings.
- Page(s): 78-85
- Date of Publication: 05 October 2019
- Nnubia, Innocent ChukwuebukaDepartment of Accountancy, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Ofoegbu, Grace N.Department of Accountancy, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings. Evidence from Private Manufacturing Firms in Kenya. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 4 (4): 15-33. [27]. Keynes, J.M., (1936). The General Theory of Employment. In: Interest and Money. Harcourt Brace, London. [28]. Kim, J. Kim, H & Woods, D (2011). Determinants of Corporate Cash-Holdings Levels: An Empirical Examination of the Restaurant Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30 (3), 568-574; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm [29]. Kim, C.S; Mauer, D.C & Sherman, A.E. (1998). The Determinants of Corporate Liquidity: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Finance and Quantitative Analysis,33,335-359 [30]. Levasseur, M. (1979) Gestion de trésorerie. Economica. [31]. Lu, Y.C & Tsaic, D.C. (2010) Discovering Important Factors of Intangible Firm Value by Association Rules. The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, 55-85. [32]. Maximilian, H. (2015). The Determinants of Cash Holdings: Evidence from German Listed Firms. Online published master thesis. [33]. Megginson, W.L. & Wei, Z. (2010). Determinants and Value of Cash Holdings: Evidence from China’s Privatized Firms. SSRN working paper series, 1-37 [34]. Mesfin, E. A. (2016). The Factors Affecting Cash Holding Decisions of Manufacturing Share Companies in Ethiopia. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 5(3), 48-67. [35]. Miller, M. H & Orr D. (1966). A Model of the Demand for Money by Firms. Quarterly journal of Economics, 80, 413-435 [36]. Modigliani F, & Miller MH (1963) Corporate Income Taxes and the Cost of Capital: A Correction. Am Econ Rev 53(3):433–443 [37]. Nguyen, P. (2005). How Sensitive and Japanese Firms to Earnings Risk? Evidence from Cash Holdings, 1-41 (online) Available: http://www.musashi.jp/ortogo/seminar/sensitivity-earnings-riskNguyen.pdt. [38]. Ogundipe, O; Ogudipe, E & Ajao, K. (2012). 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Nnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka, Ofoegbu, Grace N. "Effect of Profitability on Cash Holdings of Quoted Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.78-85 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/78-85.pdf
The study examines the poverty status and income inequality among women farmers in Song Local Government area Adamawa State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 80 respondents using multi-stage, purposive and simple random sampling procedure. The Gini Coefficient and five point likert type rating scale were used as analytical tools.The results revealed that each household from lowest 2% do not owned any farm income annually on the other hand every household from upper 42.5% maintained an average of N 6,400 farm income yearly. This means that the uppermost 43.7% annual farm income is higher than equivalent value of the lowest. All descriptive results show existence of inequality in farm income distribution in the study area. The Lorenz curve shows a deviation from the line of perfect equality and the Gini-coefficient value of 0.622 also indicates the presence of high income inequality among the surveyed households in the area. Furthermore, the result of farmer’s perception towards poverty status and income inequality amongst rural women shows that farmers in the study area have positive and favourable attitude on income inequality. The study thus concluded that there is high percentage of inequality among rural women farmers in the study area and hence recommended that design of poverty reduction programmes should focus more on improving food production for the growing population through increased funding of agriculture and controlled food prices. It further emphasized that private- public partnership should be encouraged to promote growth in agriculture especially the production of food crops, and ensure their availability at cheaper market prices.
- Page(s): 86-89
- Date of Publication: 05 October 2019
- Madugu, A. J.Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
- Tiddy, S.A.Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria
- Ali, F.M.Department of Agricultural Extension Services, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
- T. JashuaDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
- Ali, F.M.Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Addison, T., and Cornia, G.A., (2001).Income Distribution Policies for Faster Poverty Reduction.World Institute for Development Economic Research, Helsinki.UNU – WIDER Discussion Paper, 2001:9. [2]. Aigbokhan, B.E., (2008). Growth, Inequality and Poverty in Nigeria.A CGS/MPAMS Discussion Paper No. 3, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [3]. British Council (2012).Gender in Nigeria Report: Improving the Lives of Girls and Women in Nigeria, 2nd Edition, British Council, Nigeria. Website: http://www.britishcouncil.org.ng/gender [4]. Byerlee, D., A. de Janvry and E. Sadoulet. 2009. Agriculture for development: Toward a New Paradigm. Annual Review of Resource Economies,1:15-18. [5]. Clarke, G., Colin, L. and Zou, X.H., (2003). Finance and Income Inequality: Test of Alternative Theories, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2984, Washington D.C., World Bank. [6]. Dercon, S., (2009). Rural poverty: old challenges in new contexts. The World Bank Research Observer 24(1), 1-28. [7]. Idowu, A.O., T.T. Awoyemi, B.T., Omonona, and Falusi, A.O., (2011). Non-farm Income Diversification and Poverty among Rural Farm Households in Southwest Nigeria, European Journal of Social Sciences, 21 (1): 163 – 176. [8]. Jude, A.M., Ifeanyi, N. N., Nnanna, M. A., Maria-Stella, E. N., and Joe, O., (2011). Analysis of income inequality and poverty dynamics among rural farm households in Abia State, Nigeria. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, 1(2): 99- 106. [9]. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2006).Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire Survey - Abia State Report.A Publication of National Bureau of Statistics, Abuja. [10]. Nwachukwu, I.N., and Ezeh, C.I., (2007). Impact of Selected Rural Development Programmes on Poverty Alleviation in Ikwuano LGA, Abia State, Nigeria.African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 7(5): 1 – 17. [11]. World bank 2013.Global Monitoring Report (2013).Monitoring the MDGs. Washington, D.C.
Madugu, A. J., Tiddy, S.A., Ali, F.M., T. Jashua and J. Luka "Analysis of Poverty and Income Inequality among Women Farmers in Song Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.86-89 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/86-89.pdf
Student’s academic performance in learning environments is linked to several factors that include student demographics, educational background and other environmental variables. The purpose of this study was to identify the most influential factors that affect secondary school students’ KCSE performance in Kenya. The research is based on reviewed existing literature on students’ academic performance andsecondary school student’sdata collectedin Kenya through use of questionnaires.
- Page(s): 90-94
- Date of Publication: 07 October 2019
- Obadiah Matolo Musau School of Computing and Informatics, Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya
- Kelvin Omieno Department of Information Technology and Informatics, Kaimosi Friends University College, Kenya
- Raphael Angulu Department of Computer Science, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya
References
[1] Agrawal, H., & Mavani, H. (March 2015). Student Performance Prediction using Machine Learning. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) , 4(03), 111-113. [2] Asif, R., Merceron, A., & Pathan, M. K. (December 2014). Predicting Student Academic Performance at Degree Level: A Case Study. International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, 01, 49-61. [3] Baradwaj, B. K., & Pal, S. (2011). Mining Educational Data to Analyze Students‟ Performance. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2(6), 63-69. [4] Dey, A. (2016). Machine Learning Algorithms: A Review. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, 7(3), 1174-1179. [5] Khan, B., Hayat, M. S., & Daud, M. (2015). Final Grade Prediction of Secondary School Student using Decision Tree. International Journal of Computer Applications, 115(21), 32-36. [6] Khasanah, A. U., & Harwati. (2017). A Comparative Study to Predict Student’s Performance Using Educational Data Mining Techniques. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 215(1). [7] Oladokun, V. O., Adebanjo, A. T., & Charles-Owaba, O. E. (2008). Predicting students academic performance using artificial neural network: A case study of an engineering course. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1), 72-79. [8] Osmanbegović, E., & Suljić , M. (2012). Data mining approach for predicting student performance. Economic Review: Journal of Economics and Business, 10(1), 3-12. [9] Paulo, C., & Silva, A. (2008). Using data mining to predict secondary school student performance. 5-12. [10] Ramaswami, M., & Bhaskaran, R. (2009). A Study on Feature Selection Techniques in Educational Data Mining. Journal of Computing, 1(1), 7-11. [11] Sundar, P. P. (2013). A Comparative Study for Predicting Student’s Academic Performance Using Bayesian Network Classifiers. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) e-ISSN, 2250-3021. [12] UNICEF, W. (2009). Abolishing School Fees in Africa: Lessons from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. Development Practice in Education.
Obadiah Matolo Musau, Kelvin Omieno, Raphael Angulu "Factors Affecting Secondary School Students’ Academic Performance, Kenya " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.90-94 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/90-94.pdf
This paper represents the hydraulic experiment performed on “notch apparatus” to determine the effect of notch shape on notch flow characteristics. In the recent time, flood control has been a major concern, thus, it is necessary to design a head of notch. In this paper it is the comparative analysis of V-notch and rectangular notch. A water collecting tank was constructed and calibrated at the upstream so as to determine the head, H of water flowing over the notch. There was a slot in which a flat plate is inserted the upstream from the downstream. It was discovered experimentally that shape and water height over the notch has effect on coefficient of discharge and volume discharged. The coefficient of discharge obtained is: 0.469 for v-notch and 0.3252 for rectangular notch. Thus, rectangular notch has lower discharge than the triangular notch.
- Page(s): 95-99
- Date of Publication: 08 October 2019
- Bal Gopal GuruAssistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh, Odisha, India
- Durga Prasad NayakLecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh , Odisha, India
- Dileswar MeherStudent, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh, Odisha, India
- Deepak Kumar PandaStudent, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh, Odisha, India
References
[1]. Ghare AD, Mhaisalkar VA, Porey PD. An approach to optimal Design of Trapezoidal Labyrinth weirs. World Applied Sciences Journal. 2008;3(6):934–938. [2]. Daugherty RL, Franzini JB. Fluid mechanics (6th edition). New York: McGraw Hill Ltd. 1965;338- 349. [3]. Davis CV. Hand book of applied hydraulics. (First edition); 1973. [4]. Douglas JF, Gasiorek JM, Swaffield JA. Fluid mechanics (fourth edition). India: Pearson Education Publisher; 2005. [5]. Hot Dikiss RH. Flow over a killer. Weir Design Project. 1999;212-235. [6]. Martinez J, Raca J, Morillas MT, Lopez JG. Discussion of design and calibration of a compound sharp-crested weir. 2006;3(2):19-22 [7]. Brater EF, King. Hand book of Hydraulics (6th edition). 1999;450-456. [8]. Chalong, Kirdpitugsa. Open channel flow: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University. 1982;653. [9]. Caroline Nasser Afshar R. Effect of types of weir on discharge. UNIMAS e-Journal of Civil Engineering. 2014;35-40. [10]. El-Hady, R. M. A., “2D-3D modeling of flow over sharp-crested weirs”, J. Appl. Sci. Res., Vol. 7, no.12, P.P 2495–2505, 2011.
Bal Gopal Guru, Durga Prasad Nayak, Dileswar Meher, Deepak Kumar Panda "Comparative Analysis of the Discharge coefficient by using V-Notch and Rectangular Notch" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.95-99 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/95-99.pdf
This paper represents the hydraulic experiment performed on “notch apparatus” to determine the effect of notch shape on notch flow characteristics. In the recent time, flood control has been a major concern, thus, it is necessary to design a head of notch. In this paper it is the comparative analysis of V-notch and trapezoidal notch. A water collecting tank was constructed and calibrated at the upstream so as to determine the head, H of water flowing over the notch. There was a slot in which a flat plate is inserted the upstream from the downstream. It was discovered experimentally that shape and water height over the notch has effect on coefficient of discharge and volume discharged. The coefficient of discharge obtained is: 0.469 for v-notch and 0.2332 for trapezoidal notch. Thus, trapezoidal notch has lower discharge than the triangular notch.
- Page(s): 100-104
- Date of Publication: 08 October 2019
- Bal Gopal GuruAssistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh, Odisha, India
- Asha PadhanStudent, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh Odisha, India
- Sawan Kumar MeherStudent, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh Odisha, India
- Preeti Usha BarikStudent, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh Odisha, India
References
[1]. Brater EF, King. Hand book of Hydraulics (6th edition) 1999;450-456. [2]. Chalong, Kirdpitugsa. Open channel flow Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University 1982;653. [3]. Caroline Nasser Afshar R. Effect of types of weir on discharge. UNIMAS e-Journal of Civil Engineering. 2014;35-40. [4]. Azimi, A. H., Rajaratnam, N., Zhu, D. Z., “A Note on Sharp-crested Weirs and Weirs of Finite Crest Length.” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, CSCE, Vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 1234-1237, 2012. [5]. Hubert, C. and Hang, W., Unsteady Discharge Calibration of A Large V-Notch Wei”, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, AUSTRALIA, Report No. CH88/12, 51P, 2012. [6]. RangaRaju, K. G., and Asawa, G. L.,“Viscosity and surface tension effects on weir flow.”, J.Hydr. Div., vol. 103, no. 10, P.p 1227–1231, 1977. [7]. Kandaswamy, P. K., and Rouse, H.,“Characteristics of flow over terminal weirs and sills”, J. Hydr. Div., vol. 83, no. 4, P.P 1–13, 1957. [8]. PrakashShesha M. N., andShivapur A. V., “Generalized Head-Discharge Equation for Flow over Sharp-Crested Inclined Inverted V-Notch Weir”, J. Irrig. Drain Eng., vol. 130, no. 4, P.P 325-330, 2004. [9]. Bagheri, S., and Heidarpour, M., “Flow over rectangular sharpcrested weirs.”Irrig. Sci., vol. 28, no.2, P.P 173–179, 2010 [10]. Jan, C. D., Chang, C. J., and Lee, M. H., “Discussion of „Design and calibration of compound sharp-crested weir‟ by J. Martinez et al.”, J. Hydraul. Eng., vol. 132 no.8, P.P 868–871, 2006. [11]. Göğüs, M., Define, Z., and Özkandemir, V., “Broad-crested weirs with rectangular compound cross sections”, J. Irrig. and Drain. Eng., vol. 132, no.3,P.P 272–280, 2006.
Bal Gopal Guru, Asha Padhan, Sawan Kumar Meher, Preeti Usha Barik "Comparative Analysis of the Discharge coefficient by using V-Notch and Trapezoidal Notch" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.100-104 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/100-104.pdf
Combretum molle has been used in many traditional medicines for treatment of microbial infections (diarrhea, dysentery, fever) and several inflammatory conditions (abdominal pain, headache, and toothache). This work was carried out with the aim of determining the phytochemical compounds present in the methanol extracts of the leaves; stem-bark and roots of C. molle and their biological activities in some selected microorganisms. Phytochemical screening also revealed the presence of Tannins, Flavonoids, Glycosides (in leaves only), Terpenes and Saponins, whereas Alkaloids, Anthraquinones and Steroids were absent in both extracts. In a qualitative antimicrobial study, six microorganisms were tested (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli and Candida krusei) using Ciprofloxacin and Fulcin as positive controls. B. subtilis, S. dysenteriae and S. typhi proved to be the most sensitive bacterial species with MIC values of as low as 1.5mg/ml, 3.125mg/ml and 6.25mg/ml respectively, whereas S. aureus, E. coli and C. krusei were resistant to the plant extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration also had low values such as 1.5mg/ml of the stem methanolic extract against S. dysenteriae, and 1.5mg/ml of the leaf methanolic extract against B. subtilis. There was no inhibition of the extract on S. aureus, E. coli and C. krusei for the MIC and MBC. The analysis of variance at p < 0.05 indicated that there was significant difference in the performance of the extracts (stem methanol, root methanol and leaf methanol) on the microorganisms (B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. dysenteriae, S. typhi, E. coli and C. krusei). Therefore the study above indicates that C. molle contains phytochemical compounds which makes it a good inhibitor of microbial growth and could be exploited through in-depth studies to determine the active compounds that could be utilized in the treatment of common ailments.
- Page(s): 105-110
- Date of Publication: 11 October 2019
- D. Kulawe Department of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
- J. S. HenaNigeria. Marine Environment Management Unit, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency, Abuja Office, Nigeria
References
[1]. Arses, K., Bucar, F., Edelsbrunner, S., Kartnig, T., Höger, G. and Thiel, W. (2001). Investigations on Antimycobacterial Activity of Some Ethiopian Medicinal Plants. Phytotherapy Research, 15: 323-326. [2]. Bajaj, Y. P. S. (1988). Medicinal and aromatic plants. Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry. 24. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. [3]. Barry, A. L. and Thornsberry, C. (1991). Susceptibility tests: diffusion test procedures. In Balows, A. (ed.): Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 40: 213-219. [4]. Bauer, A.W., Kirby, M.D.K., Sherras, J.C. and Trick, M. (2003). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standard single disc diffusion method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 45:490-496. [5]. Cordell, J. (2002). Natural products drugs discovery – creating a new wisdom. Phychemistry Reviews, 1: 261 – 273 [6]. Cowan, S. T., and Steel, K. J. (1974). Manual for the identification of medical bacteria. Cambridge University Press, New York. PP. 45 – 63 [7]. Farnsworth, N. R. (1991). Global importance of plants. In: Akerele, O., Heywood V., Synge, H. (Eds), Conservation of Medical Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp 45 – 55 [8]. Fyhrquist, P., Mwasumbi, L., Hæggström, C.A., Vuorela, H., Hiltunen, R. and Vuorela, P. (2002). Ethnobotanical and antimicrobial investigation on some species of Terminalia and Combretum (Combretaceae) growing in Tanzania. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79: 169-177. [9]. Gurib, F. A. (2006). Medical plants: Traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 27:1 – 93 [10]. Haerdi, F. (2001). Die Eingeborenen-Heilpflanzen des Ulanga-Distrikes Tanganjikas (Ostafrika) Acta Tropica Supplement, 8: 173 – 178. [11]. Harbone, J. B. (1999). Phytochemical methods. Chapman and hall limited, London. PP. 149 – 188 [12]. Kokwaro, O. (2000). Medical Plants of East African Literature, Nairobi. PP 49 - 97 [13]. Newman, D. J., Cragg, G. M. and Snader, K.M. (2003). National Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Period 1981 – 2002. Journal of Natural Products, 66: 1022 – 1037. [14]. Rotimi, V. O., Laughon, B. E., Bartlett, J. G. and Mosadami, H. A. (1988). Activities of Nigerian chewing stick extracts against Bacterioides melaninogeniucus. Antimicrobial Agents of Chemotherapy, 32: 598-600. [15]. Sofowora, A. (2006). Medical Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. (2nd edn). Spectrum books Ltd, Ibadan. Nigeria. PP. 150 –153. [16]. Verpoorte, R. (2000). Pharmacognosy in the New Millenium: Leadfinding and Biotechnology. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 52: 253-262. [17]. Wood, S. J., Balick, M. J. and Laird, S. A. (1997). Medical Plants: Can Utilization and Conservation Coexist? The New York botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA.
D. Kulawe, J. S. Hena "Effects of Crude Methanol Extracts of the Leaf, Root and Bark of Combretum Molle against Selected Test Organisms" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.105-110 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/105-110.pdf
The advances in genetic analysis and manipulation innovations in high- throughput DNA sequencing and editing have been felt broadly and globally, starting from the work on model organisms, evolutionary studies, agriculture to medical applications. Genome editing has become a very important tool in research, this technique can specifically modify individual nucleotides in the genome of living cells, monitor and reduce off target effects, and this actually brings new opportunities within range. The genome editing has a general applicability in microbes, plants, human cells and animals; this makes it have a very wide range of potential uses in tackling societal problems. The potential applications of genome editing include, but are not limited to gene and cell based therapies to control diseases and in reproduction, preventions of inheritance of disease traits, control of vector borne diseases, improved crop and livestock breeding techniques, improved animal welfare, modification of animal donors foe xenotransplantation, industrial microbial biotechnology to generate biofuels and efficient production of pharmaceutical drugs and other high value chemicals. The advent of genome editing technology has evoked many enthusiasm and controversy in the contrary. Many concerns have been expressed especially in the African context for example, the technology is not natural and there is gaps in our technical knowhow that the impacts are uncertain and may be inequitable, the current regulations cannot keep pace with the rate of technological innovations. The current knowledge gaps and uncertainties emphasize the need for more research with the expectations that the research advances will fill many of the current knowledge gaps and the progressive refinement of the genome editing tools to ensure efficiency and specificity, thereby reducing off-target effects. And addressing aspect of further mutations. The genome editing technocrats and regulators should ensure research applications is evidence-based, takes into account likely benefits as well as hypothetical risk and is proportionate and sufficiently flexible to cope with future advances. Going forward it’s worth noting that the latest genome editing technologies has resolved many issues making direct and precise genetic manipulations possible in essentially types of cells and organisms. It is key to mention that progress in science depends on new techniques, novel discoveries and ideas. This review paper aim to examine the origin of genome editing platforms and speculate about where we are headed through the application of these new technology of genome editing.
- Page(s): 111-117
- Date of Publication: 13 October 2019
- Odongo.JScientific Innovations Consortium Ltd, Kenya
References
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Odongo.J "Genome Editing and Frontiers in Bio-Engineering" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.111-117 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/111-117.pdf