In this paper a three phase stratified sampling is proposed to estimate the population mean of character by a three phase stratified regression estimator and some numerical results are presented to illustrate efficiency of the proposed procedure against possible alternative ones. The expected cost optimum sample sizes on first, second and third phases are also calculated.
- Page(s): 01-04
- Date of Publication: 15 January 2020
- A. E. Anieting Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Uyo, Nigeria
- Sesan Ologun Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Uyo, Nigeria
References
[1] B.K. PRADHAN, A.K.P.C. SWAIN (2000), Two Phase Stratified Sampling with Ratio and Regression Methods of Estimations, Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. XII, Section B, 52 – 57. [2] B, K. Pradhan (2013) Three phase stratified sampling with ratio method of estimation, STATISTICA, anno.LXXII, n.2. [3] Fattorini, Marcheselli M., Pisani C. (2006) A three phase sampling strategy for large scale multiresource forest inventories; JABES, 11: 296-316 [4] Mandallaz (2014) A three phase sampling extension of the generalized regression estimator with partial exhaustive information. Canadian journal of forest research,44(4): 383-388 [5] N lupke, J Hansen,JSaborowski (2012) A three-phase sampling procedure for continuous forest inventory with partial re-measurement and updating of terrestrial sample plot. J. Eur J Forest. Vol 131, issue 6,pp 1979-1990
A. E. Anieting & Sesan Ologun "Three Phase Stratified Sampling with Regression Method of Estimation Using Single Auxiliary Variable" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.01-04 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/01-04.pdf
Water produced from three crude oil samples obtained from the Niger Delta area of Nigeria were inoculated to determine the presence of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). Produced water from samples A, B and C were obtained by spinning the crude samples using a Rotanta Petroleum Centrifuge set at 40 0C and 1500 rpm. 1 ml of the inoculum (produced water) from each of the crude samples was introduced into six inoculating test bottles containing saline solution of six different concentrations 100, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 g/mol respectively with the aid of six syringes by serial dilution. The six inoculated test bottles were incubated in an incubator set at a temperature between 37 - 40 0C for 28 days with each bottle observed each day. The presence of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) was confirmed by the appearance of a black residue in each test bottle and the quantity of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) in colony forming unit is determined by the concentration of the inoculating medium the bacteria appeared. The lower the concentration of the inoculating medium, the higher the bacteria count in colony forming unit per mol (CFU/mol). Results obtained showed that Sample A has a bacterial count of <10 CFU/mol, Sample B has a bacterial count between 100 – 1000 CFU/mol while Sample C has a bacterial count between 1 – 10 CFU/mol. Inoculation of SRB in crude oil samples is very important in determining the bacterial count in crude samples and this is critical in understanding the concentration and frequency of bactericides required in the treatment of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria.
- Page(s): 05-10
- Date of Publication: 16 January 2020
- Chikwe T.N.University of Port Harcourt, Petroleum and Environmental Chemistry Research Group Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, PMB 5323 Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
References
[1]. Marquardt, D. W. (1963). An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. Journal of the society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 11(2), 431-441. [2]. Hagan, M. T., Demuth, H. B., & Beale, M. H. (1996). Neural network design, PWS Pub. Co., Boston, 3632. [3]. Hagan, M. T., &Menhaj, M. B. (1994). Training feed forward networks with the Marquardt algorithm. IEEE transactions on Neural Networks, 5(6), 989-993. [4]. MATLAB. (2010). version 7.10.0 (R2010a). Natick, Massachusetts: The MathWorks Inc. [5]. Tuhta.S., Gunday F., Aydin H., Dynamic Analysis of Model Steel Structures Retrofitted with GFRP Composites under Microtremor Vibration International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)Volume: 3 | Issue: 2 | Jan-Feb 2019. [6]. Tuhta.S., Abrar O., Gunday F., Experimental Study on Behavior of Bench-Scale Steel Structure Retrofitted with CFRP Composites under Ambient Vibration, European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019. [7]. J. Kim, System Identification of Civil Engineering Structures through Wireless Structural Monitoring and Subspace System Identification Methods, PhD thesis, University of Michigan, 2011. [8]. G.F. Sirca Jr., H. Adeli, System identification in structural engineering, Scientia Iranica A (2012) 19 (6), 1355–1364. [9]. Tuhta, S., &Günday, F. (2019). Multi Input Multi Output System Identification of Concrete Pavement Using N4SID. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovative Research Development, 4(1). [10]. Tuhta, S., Alameri, I., &Günday, F. (2019). Numerical Algorithms N4SID for System Identification of Buildings. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering Technology Science, 1(6). [11]. Tuhta, S., Günday, F., Aydin, H., &Alalou, M. (2019). MIMO System Identification of MachineFoundation Using N4SID. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovative Research Development [12]. Tuhta, S., &Günday, F. (2019). Mimo System İdentification of İndustrial Building Using N4sid with Ambient Vibration. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology. [13]. Gunday.F., “OMA of RC Industrial Building Retrofitted with CFRP using SSI” International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2018. [14]. Gunday.F., “GFRP Retrofitting Effect on the Dynamic Characteristics of Model Steel Structure Using SSI” International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2018. [15]. Dushimimana, A., Günday, F., &Tuhta, S. (2018). Operational Modal Analysis of Aluminum Model Structures Using Earthquake Simulator. Presented at the International Conference on Innovative Engineering Applications. [16]. Günday, F., Dushimimana, A., &Tuhta, S. (2018). Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis of a Model Steel Structure Using Blast Excitation. Presented at the International Conference on Innovative Engineering Applications. [17]. Tuhta, S., &Günday, F. (2019). Application of Oma on The Bench scale Aluminum Bridge Using Micro Tremor Data. İnternational Journal of Advance Research and Innovative İdeas in Education, 5(5), 912–923. [18]. Kasimzade, A., Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Aydin, H. (2019). Investigation of Modal Parameters on Steel Structure Using FDD from Ambient Vibration. Presented at the 8th International Steel Structures Symposium, Konya. [19]. Kasimzade, A., Tuhta, S., Aydin, H., &Günday, F. (2019). Determination of Modal Parameters on Steel Model Bridge Using Operational Modal Analysis. Presented at the 8th International Steel Structures Symposium, Konya. [20]. Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Abrar, O. (2019). Experimental Study on Effect of Seismic Damper to Reduce the Dynamic Response of Bench Scale Steel Structure Model. İnternational Journal of Advance Research and Innovative İdeas in Education, 5(5), 901–911. [21]. Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Aydin, H. (2019). Numerical Algorithms for System Identification of Benchmark Steel Structure. Presented at the iSTE-CE’xx2019- International Conference on Innovation, Sustainability, Technology and Education in Civil Engineering.
Chikwe T.N., "Inoculation of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) in Crude Oil from Oil Producing Wells in Niger Delta, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.05-10 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/05-10.pdf
Today, civil engineering structures suffer from dynamic effects. Earth on structures have been severely damaged by the earthquake. Thus, there has been loss of life and property. This has particularly affected countries located on active fault lines. Pre- and post-earthquake measures have been developed in world. For these reasons, it is necessary to determine the dynamic performance of structures around the world. There are various methods for determine the dynamic performance. System identification is one of these methods. Mathematical model of the structural system is obtained by system identification method. Fuzzy Logic can be a system identification method. It is known as fuzzy logic, an algorithm for the mathematical projection of the natural, in other words, human intelligence. In this study, steel model chimney and shaking table were used as material. Matlab software is used. In this study, it is aimed to estimate the output of steel model chimney with fuzzy logic. The output data of the steel chimney was first obtained on the shaking table and then the output data obtained with fuzzy logic were compared. As a result of the comparisons, it was observed that a nearly 100% compliance was achieved. In the light of all results, it is seen that fuzzy logic method will be useful in system identification method in civil engineering field.
- Page(s): 11-15
- Date of Publication: 17 January 2020
- Sertaç TUHTADepartment of Civil Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
- Furkan GÜNDAYDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
- Anas M.S. ALİHASSANDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
References
[1] Marquardt, D. W. (1963). An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. Journal of the society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 11(2), 431-441. [2] Hagan, M. T., Demuth, H. B., & Beale, M. H. (1996). Neural network design, PWS Pub. Co., Boston, 3632. [3] Hagan, M. T., & Menhaj, M. B. (1994). Training feed forward networks with the Marquardt algorithm. IEEE transactions on Neural Networks, 5(6), 989-993. [4] MATLAB. (2010). version 7.10.0 (R2010a). Natick, Massachusetts: The MathWorks Inc. [5] Tuhta.S., Gunday F., Aydin H., Dynamic Analysis of Model Steel Structures Retrofitted with GFRP Composites under Microtremor Vibration International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)Volume: 3 | Issue: 2 | Jan-Feb 2019. [6] Tuhta.S., Abrar O., Gunday F., Experimental Study on Behavior of Bench-Scale Steel Structure Retrofitted with CFRP Composites under Ambient Vibration, European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019. [7] J. Kim, System Identification of Civil Engineering Structures through Wireless Structural Monitoring and Subspace System Identification Methods, PhD thesis, University of Michigan, 2011. [8] G.F. Sirca Jr., H. Adeli, System identification in structural engineering, Scientia Iranica A (2012) 19 (6), 1355–1364. [9] Tuhta, S., & Günday, F. (2019). Multi Input Multi Output System Identification of Concrete Pavement Using N4SID. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovative Research Development, 4(1). [10] Tuhta, S., Alameri, I., & Günday, F. (2019). Numerical Algorithms N4SID for System Identification of Buildings. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering Technology Science, 1(6). [11] Tuhta, S., Günday, F., Aydin, H., & Alalou, M. (2019). MIMO System Identification of MachineFoundation Using N4SID. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovative Research Development [12] Tuhta, S., & Günday, F. (2019). Mimo System İdentification of İndustrial Building Using N4sid with Ambient Vibration. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology. [13] Gunday.F., “OMA of RC Industrial Building Retrofitted with CFRP using SSI” International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2018. [14] Gunday.F., “GFRP Retrofitting Effect on the Dynamic Characteristics of Model Steel Structure Using SSI” International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2018. [15] Dushimimana, A., Günday, F., & Tuhta, S. (2018). Operational Modal Analysis of Aluminum Model Structures Using Earthquake Simulator. Presented at the International Conference on Innovative Engineering Applications. [16] Günday, F., Dushimimana, A., & Tuhta, S. (2018). Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis of a Model Steel Structure Using Blast Excitation. Presented at the International Conference on Innovative Engineering Applications. [17] Tuhta, S., & Günday, F. (2019). Application of Oma on The Bench scale Aluminum Bridge Using Micro Tremor Data. İnternational Journal of Advance Research and Innovative İdeas in Education, 5(5), 912–923. [18] Kasimzade, A., Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Aydin, H. (2019). Investigation of Modal Parameters on Steel Structure Using FDD from Ambient Vibration. Presented at the 8th International Steel Structures Symposium, Konya. [19] Kasimzade, A., Tuhta, S., Aydin, H., & Günday, F. (2019). Determination of Modal Parameters on Steel Model Bridge Using Operational Modal Analysis. Presented at the 8th International Steel Structures Symposium, Konya. [20] Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Abrar, O. (2019). Experimental Study on Effect of Seismic Damper to Reduce the Dynamic Response of Bench Scale Steel Structure Model. İnternational Journal of Advance Research and Innovative İdeas in Education, 5(5), 901–911. [21] Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Aydin, H. (2019). Numerical Algorithms for System Identification of Benchmark Steel Structure. Presented at the iSTE-CE’xx2019- International Conference on Innovation, Sustainability, Technology and Education in Civil Engineering. [22] Sugeno, M. (1985). Industrial applications of fuzzy control. Elsevier Science Inc.
Sertaç TUHTA, Furkan GÜNDAY, Anas M.S. ALİHASSAN "System Identification of Model Steel Chimney with Fuzzy Logic" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.11-15 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/11-15.pdf
This study investigated the phytochemical, proximate, mineral, vitamin contents of Ficus capensis and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves. Phytochemical and Proximate analysis were done according to the AOAC methods. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to determine the mineral content while vitamins were determined spectrophotometrically using the standard method of AOAC. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Flavonoids, alkaloids, Tannin, Saponin, Phytate, Haemaglutinnin, Oxalate, Cardiac glycosides and Phenol in the leaf extract of F. capensis and C. aconitifolius. The proximate composition of the dried leaf of F.capensis was; moisture (11.35± 1.45 %), crude protein (10.85 ± 0.31%), crude fibre (12.38 ± 0.71%), crude fat (3.48±0.01%), ash (6.37 ± 0.30%) and carbohydrate (55.57 ± 3.02%). On the other hand, that of C. aconitifolius was; moisture (11.35 ± 0.30%), crude protein (10.85±0.52%), crude fibre (12.38 ± 0.02%), crude fat (3.48 ± 0.02%) ash (6.37 ± 0.09%) and carbohydrate (55.57 ± 1.08%). Elemental analyses showed that C. aconitifolius had significantly higher (p<0.05) levels of the elements (Cadmium, Arsenic, Fe, Pb, Cu, Na) when compared to F. capensis. The leaf of C. aconitifolius was significantly higher in vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, C, E and K (p<0.05) when compared to that of F. capensis. However, F. capensis leaf had higher vitamins B12 and D contents than C. aconitifolius. This study suggests that these two plants can serve as a good source of nutraceutical.
- Page(s): 16-21
- Date of Publication: 18 January 2020
- Ezeigwe Obiajulu ChristianDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. Nigeria
- Okpala Chukwuemeka ObumnemeDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. Nigeria
- Ogana JoyDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. Nigeria
- Akonam Nkemakonam EdithDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State. Nigeria
- Aziagba Bibian OkwuchukwuDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Nnadi Naomi NgoziDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. Nigeria
- Anekwe Ozioma JulianaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Nwobodo Valentine Osita GodwinDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. Nigeria
References
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Use of reversed phase HPLC analysis for the determination of provitamin A, carotene in tomatoes. Journal of Chromatography, 176: 109-117.
Ezeigwe Obiajulu Christian, Okpala Chukwuemeka Obumneme, Ogana Joy, Akonam Nkemakonam Edith, Aziagba Bibian Okwuchukwu, Nnadi Naomi Ngozi, Anekwe Ozioma Juliana, Nwobodo Valentine Osita Godwin "Comparative Phytochemical and Nutritional Profiles of Ficus capensis and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Leaves" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.16-21 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/16-21.pdf
Microbial contamination in laboratories is a serious problem worldwide and characterization of these contaminants is imperative for achievement of successful in vitro research activities for immeasurable and unquantifiable agro-economic benefits. Literatures have shown that there is an ongoing effort(s) to identify the various groups of microbial contaminants within the plant cultures in mosttissue culture laboratories. Thus, this study has been designed to isolate, identify and classify the contaminating microbes at an Ibadan-based Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory. Established but contaminated cultures of different crop species were collected over a period of four weeks, from February 1st to 28th, 2019. And from these, isolation of pure microbial cultures was carried out based on their morphological differences and where colony form, elevation, pigmentation and size were used to distinguish bacteria and fungi contaminants. Also, specific microbes were further authenticated using differential and selective media and isolated fungi were identified using microscopic observations of size, and shape. The results showed that the contaminating microbes are of different types. Theacroscopic and microscopic observations of fungi confirmed presence of Cladosporium sp, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp and Alternaria sp while the persistent bacteria identified were Shigella sp, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Corynebacteria sp, Bacillus sp and Staphylococci aureus. The contaminants were similar to standard strains but there was a significant difference in contamination. It is concluded that despite disinfection with sodium hypochlorite, the bacterial and fungal contaminants persist in micropropagation culture media and there is need to either increase the concentration of the disinfectant or change the disinfectant to a different one.
- Page(s): 22-26
- Date of Publication: 21 January 2020
- Adeye Joseph Ademola OluwaferanmiDepartment of Pure and Applied Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria (Ibadan Study Centre)
- Afolayan Adedotun OnoyinkaDepartment of Pure and Applied Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria (Ibadan Study Centre) Tissue Culture Unit, Biotechnology Department, National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Moor Plantation, Apata, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Aladele Sunday EzekielTissue Culture Unit, Biotechnology Department, National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Moor Plantation, Apata, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Jamaleddine Zainab OlubunmiTissue Culture Unit, Biotechnology Department, National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Moor Plantation, Apata, Ibadan, Nigeria
References
[1] Aitschul, F., Gish,B., Miller,W., Myers, E. & Lipman. D.( 1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of bioinformatics, 215: 403-410. [2] Barnett, H.L. & Hunter, B. B. (1972). Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. Minneapolis: Burgess publishing company, Minneapolis MN, pp241. [3] Cheng, C., Sun, J., Wu, K. & Rui, Y. (2004). Molecular identification of clinical “difficult-to-identify” microbes from sequencing 16S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer 2. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 13;1-7. [4] Ewing, B., Hiller, L., Wendle, M & Green, P (1998). Base-calling of automated sequencer traces phred. I. Accuracy assessment. Genome Resistance.8:175-185. [5] FOA (2002). Biotechnology: Committee on Agriculture 15th session, 25th -29th January 2002, Food and Agriculture Organization of the united Nations Rome, Italy. Available online (http//www.foa.org/unfoa/bodies/COAGIG/X0074.htm#) Accessed on 26/05/2010. [6] George, E. F. (1993). Plant propagation by tissue culture. Exergetics Limited. Edington England. [7] Leggat, I. V., Waites, M, Leifert, C. & Nicholas, J. (1994). Characterization of micro-organisms isolated from plants during micro-propagation in Nigeria. Bacterial and Bacterial-like contaminants of plant tissue cultures ISHS Horticulturae 225: 240. [8] Liberto, M. C., Lamberti, A. G., Marascio, N., Matera, G. &Quirino, A., (2011). Molecular identification of Bartonella quintana infection using species-specific real time PCR targeting transcriptional regulatory protein (bqtR) gene. Journal of Molecular Cell Probes, 25: 238–242. [9] Liberto, M. C., Matera, G., Lamberti, A. G., Quirino, A. &Barreca G. S. (2013). Diagnosis and follow-up of Bartonella henselae infection in the spleen of an immunocompetent patient by real time quantitative PCR. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 62: 1081–1085. [10] Miller, B. C., Xu, J, Earle, J. A., Evans, J. & Moore, J. E. (2007). Comparison of four rDNA primer sets (18S, 28S, ITS1, ITS2) for the molecular identification of yeasts and filamentous fungi of medical importance. Biomedical Science, 64: 84–89. [11] Miller, J. D. (1988). Fungi and fungal products in some Canadians homes. International Biodeteriation, 24: 103-120. [12] Sanchez, C. N., Ugarte-Gil, C. A., Solorzano, N., Maguina C. & Pachas P. (2012). Bartonella Bacilliformis. A systematic review of the literature to guide the research agenda for elimination Tropical Diseases. Journal of Microbiology Methods, 6: 1819. [13] Skinner, F. A. & Lovelock, D. W. (2000). Identification methods for Microbiologists (2nd edition). The society for applied bacteriology, technical series academic press, London, pp 234. [14] Tokuyasu, H., Fukushima, T., Nakazaki, H. &Shimuzu, E. (2012). Infective endocarditis caused by Achromobacterxylosoxidans: a case report and review of the literature. International Medical, 51: 1133–1138. [15] Whitwell, F., Taylor, P. J., & Oliver, A. J. (2008). Hazards to laboratory staff in centrifuging screw capped containers. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 10: 88-91. [16] Zoumot, Z., Carby, M. & Hall A. V. (2006). Radiological resolution of cavitating Aspergillus fumigates infection following treatment with oral voriconazole in two lung transplant recipients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 19: 688–690
Adeye Joseph Ademola Oluwaferanmi, Afolayan Adedotun Onoyinka, Aladele Sunday Ezekiel, Jamaleddine Zainab Olubunmi "Isolation, Identification and Classification of Contaminating Microbes at an Ibadan-Based Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.22-26 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/22-26.pdf
Within the first few years of production, most producing companies experience poor reservoir performance largely because of inadequate reservoir properties description and one of these misrepresented properties is Permeability. The Permeability of the Deep offshore Niger Delta was estimated by analyzing thirty-five (35) samples from four wells; Well A, Well B, Well C and Well D. The samples were put in a Microtrac S3000 Laser Particle Size Analysis (LPSA) machine and core plugs were put in the Permeameter for Permeability estimation. The analyzed sample results were compared with the existing permeability models of the area. The wells were observed to have very good permeability ranging from 700mD to 5500mD. Comparing the results from the different methods of Permeability estimation, the Laser Particle Size Analysis machine was found to be the most precise given its inherent unbiased algorithms which neutralize any form of regional heterogeneity. Krumbein and Monk’s, and Van Baaren’s models correlates closely with measured permeability while Berg’s proved inaccurate for prediction of permeability in this region. Reservoir Engineers and Petrophysicists interested in Offshore Niger Delta would find this work effective for more accurate permeability estimation.
- Page(s): 27-32
- Date of Publication: 21 January 2020
- Chinenye O.MbonuCenter for Petroleum Geosciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Nnamdi J.AjahFederal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
References
[1] Akinosho, T. (1997). An Overview of the Prolific Southeastern OffshoreNiger Delta. [2] Krumhein. W and Monk. C. (1944). "Permeability as a function of the size parameters of unconsolidated sand," Trans. AIME, p. 153-163. [3] Berg, R.R. (1970). "Method for Determining Permeability from Reservoir Rock Properties,"Transactions — Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, Volume XX. [4] Van Baaren, J. P. (1979). Quick-look permeability estimates using sidewall samples and porosity logs: Transactions of the 6th Annual European Logging Symposium, Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 19-25. [5] Krumbein, W.C. and Pettijohn, F.J. 1938. Manual of sedimentary petrography, Appleton-Century Crofts, New York. [6] http://www.kosthilaire8162.wordpress.com. [7] http://www.gfycat.com. [8] Mudroch, Alena (1997). Manual of Physico-Chemical Analysis of Aquatic Sediments. Lewis Publishers. p. 30. [9] McCave, I. N., Bryant, R.J., Cook, H. F. and Coughanowr, C. A. (1986). "Evaluation of a Laser-Diffraction-Size Analyzer for use with Natural Sediments". Journal of Sedimentary Research. 56 (4): 561–564. [10] http://www.sciencedirect.com [11] Fatt, I. (1958). Compressibility of sandstones at low to moderate pressures, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 42, 1924-1957. [12] Onyekonwu, M. and O. Ekpoudom, (2004). Rock propertycorrelation`s for hydrocarbon producing sands of the Niger Delta. Oil Gas J., 6: 132-146.
Chinenye O.Mbonu and Nnamdi J.Ajah "Estimation of Permeability from Laser Particle Size Analysis: A Case Study of Selected Wells Offshore Niger Delta" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.27-32 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/27-32.pdf
The comparative study of the physiochemical and structural characteristics of green and lipton tea wastes as low cost adsorbents using nitric acid had been studied. . The two tea waste samples were carbonized at 160oC for one hour 10 mins. The properties evaluated were surface area, moisture content, pH, bulk density, pore volume, porosity, tortuocity, ash content, metal ions present.One way analysis of variance was done to known the level of significance. The results obtained from the analysis for green and lipton tea were surface area, (839m2/g) and (711m2/g), ash content, (57%) and (49.56%), moisture content, (38.53%) and (40.76%), pH, (6.0) and(6.0), bulk density, (0.303g/cm3) and (0.312g/cm3), porosity, (0.594) and (0.585), pore volume, (6.3) and (7.71), tortucity, (1.68) and (1.71) respectively. Thisstudy showed that green tea waste has better adsorptive capacity than lipton tea waste with a larger surface area, porosity, and ash content. The following heavy metals where tested for Lead (1.13576), Magnesium (0.62114) for green tea waste and Lead (0.82043), Magnesium (0.51931) for lipton tea using an electro-photo spectrometer. With these results, it was observed that the heavy metal content were insignificant in the adsorbents and they are good for such metal adsorption from waste water.
- Page(s): 33-37
- Date of Publication: 21 January 2020
- Evbuomwan B.O Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Boyle S .KDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
References
[1] Abdulsalam ( 2013) Application of used tea leaves for multi functions.Eur Acad Res 2(7):8660–8690 [2] Yang J, Qiu K (2011) Development of high surface area mesoporous activated carbons from herb residues. Chem Eng J 167(1):148–154. [3] Lvovich, Chai L, Yang Z, Wang Q, Wang Y (1979) A comparative study of Ag(I) adsorption on raw and modified spent grain: kinetic and thermodynamic aspects. WaterEnvironRes 82:2290–2296 [4] Bhargava SK, Tardio J, Prasad J, Föger K, Akolekar DB, Grocott SC (2006) Wet oxidation and catalytic wet oxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 45(4):1221–1258. [5] Akar E, Altinişik A, Seki Y (2013) Using activated carbon producedfrom spent tea leaves for the removal of malachite green fromaqueous solution. Ecol Eng. [6] Kazmi M, Saleemi AR, Feroze N, Yaqoob A, Ahmad SW (2013) Removal of phenol from wastewater using activated waste tea leaves. Polish J Chem Technol 15(2):1–6 [7] Macfarlane A, Macfarlane I (2011) Green gold: the empire of tea. The OverLook Press. [8] Auta M, Hameed BH (2011b) Preparation of waste tea activated carbonusing potassium acetate as an activating agent for adsorptionof Acid Blue 25 dye. Chem Eng J. [9] Peng C, Yan X Bin, Wang RT, Lang JW, Ou YJ, Xue QJ (2013) Promising activated carbons derived from waste tea-leaves and their application in high performance supercapacitors electrodes. Electrochim Acta 87(87):401–408. [10] Malkoç E, Nuhoglu Y (2003) The removal of Chromium (VI) fromsynthetic Wastewater by Ulothrixzonata. Fresenius Environ Bull12(4):376–38 [11] Sears G(1956):’’Determinations of specific surface area of colloidal silica by titration with sodium hydroxide’’,Anal. Chem, 28,pp 1981-1983 [12] ASTM D280-33: Standard Method of Test for Hygroscopic Moisture ( and other volatile matter under the test conditions) [13] Evbuomwan B.O and Eze C.P(2013):’’Comparative study of the physicochemical and structural properties of Brown and Green coconut fiber low cost adsorbent’’, Journal of Research in National Development,11(1),59-99
Evbuomwan B.O and Boyle S .K "Comparative Study of the Physicochemical and Structural Characteristics of Lipton and Green Tea Wastes as Low Cost Adsorbent Using HNo3 As Activating Agent" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.33-37 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/33-37.pdf
Africa population growth rate is the highest among the regions of the world, especially in the urban areas. This also brings about increase in waste generation, notably is also the corresponding increase in waste disposal sites. Hence, the urgent need to develop means of safe waste disposal. Engineered sanitary landfill are designed to be environmentally friendly on a long term. However, several salient considerations, starting from proper sitting must be taken to ensure that it means its purpose. This study is aimed at determination of appropriate landfill sites employing a multi criteria analysis. The study area falls within latitude 8°44'6''N and 7°59'40''N and Longitudes 4°09'40''E and 5°14’8''E all within the basement complex of Nigeria. Prescribed sites for appropriate landfill areas for Jimba, Ijagbo and Omu Aran were investigated using geophysics, geotechnical and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques as tools to aid the decision-making processes. The geoelectric sections displayed four lithological successions (top soil, latheritic clay, clayey soil and weathered to fresh basement). In the same light, Aeromagnetic survey lineament data indicate no major fault in the area. The particle size distribution curve showed presence of sandy CLAY (SC/CL) and gravelly SAND (GP/SP) soil in the area. The soils liquid limit ranges between 28% to 44%, while plasticity index ranged between 11% to 36%. The clay activity values range between 0.28 to 0.72, implying low hydraulic conductivity and non swelling. The Permeability coefficient test also ranged between 3.2x10⁻7cm/s to 8.5x10⁻7 cms-1, within the 10-8 to 10-6 range required for natural leachate attenuation without potential of lateral migration of leachate. However, other geotechnical results such as compaction, CBR, firing and consolidation results met engineering characteristics of soil material. All sites investigated met environmental impact criteria for sanitary landfill except one site. An integration of IKONOS, geology, geophysics and geotechnical data were modelled with designed Environmental geo-spatial model builder in ArcGIS 10.3 environment using Analytic Hierarch Process (AHP)
- Page(s): 38-49
- Date of Publication: 22 January 2020
- Akinrinmade, A.ODepartment of Geology and Mineral Sciences, Kwara State University, Malate, Nigeria
- Olasehinde, P.I.Department of Geophysics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Awojobi, M.O.Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, Kwara State University, Malate, Nigeria
- Olasehinde, D.A.Department of Agricultural and Biosytems Engineering, Landmark University, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Ige, O.O.Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Olatunji, J.A.Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, Kwara State University, Malate, Nigeria
- Ibrahim, K.ODepartment of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
References
[1] UN Water, SDG 6 Synthesis Report 2018 on Water and Sanitation. 2018. [2] I. Adebayo Bello and M. N. bin Ismail, “Solid Waste Management in Africa: A Review,” Int. J. Waste Resour., 2016. [3] J. D. F. Gallas, F. Taioli, and W. M. Filho, “Induced polarization, resistivity, and self-potential: A case history of contamination evaluation due to landfill leakage,” Environ. Earth Sci., 2011. [4] A. Allen and R. Taylor, “Waste disposal and landfill: control and protection.,” Protecting groundwater for health: managing the quality of drinking-water sources. 2006. [5] A. R. Allen, A. M. Dillon, and M. O’Brien, Approaches to Landfill Site Selection in Ireland. 1997. [6] A. Taylor, R. Allen, “Waste Disposal and Landfill: Potential Hazards and Information Needs,” WHO, World Heal. Organ. (Eds.), Prot. Groundw. Heal. Manag. Qual. Drink. Water Resour., pp. 339–360, 2006. [7] G. Varank et al., “Migration behavior of landfill leachate contaminants through alternative composite liners,” Sci. Total Environ., 2011. [8] V. R. Sumathi, U. Natesan, and C. Sarkar, “GIS-based approach for optimized siting of municipal solid waste landfill,” Waste Management. 2008. [9] A. Bolarinwa and S. Ibrahim, “Evaluation of groundwater occurrences in the precambrian basement complex of Ilorin metropolis, southwestern Nigeria,” Rmz–M&G, pp. 117–131, 2015. [10] D. A. Alao, “Geology and engineering properties of laterites from Ilorin, Nigeria,” Eng. Geol., 1983. [11] M. Yahaya and D. A. Timothy, “Climate change and its effect on grain crops yields in the middle belt in Nigeria,” African J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2015. [12] A. Olasehinde, P. I., Virbka, P., Esan, “Preliminary Results of Hydrogeological Investigations in Ilorin area, South Western Nigeria – Quality of Hydrochemical Analysis,” Water Resour. J. Niger. Assoc. Hydrogeol., vol. 9, pp. 51–61, 1998. [13] National Bureau of Statistics and National Population Commission, “Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Survey Finding Report Kano State,” 2017. [14] N. Alavi, G. Goudarzi, A. A. Babaei, N. Jaafarzadeh, and M. Hosseinzadeh, “Municipal solid waste landfill site selection with geographic information systems and analytical hierarchy process: A case study in Mahshahr County, Iran,” Waste Manag. Res., 2013. [15] British Standard Institution, “British Standard Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes BS1377-2,” Br. Stand., 1990. [16] Q. Declan, O and Paul, eotechnical engineering & environmental aspects of clay liners for landfill projects. Fehily Timoney & Co. & IGSL Limited, 2003. [17] R. J. Sterrett, “Advanced Soil Mechanics,” Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 2011. [18] DJN, “Basic soil mechanics,” Comput. Geotech., 2005. [19] A. Aysen and M. Popescu, “Soil Mechanics: Basic Concepts and Engineering Applications,” Appl. Mech. Rev., 2003. [20] D. M. Wood, Geotechnical modelling. 2017. [21] I. E. Olorunfemi and J. T. Fasinmirin, “Hydraulic Conductivity and Infiltration of Soils of Tropical Rain Forest Climate of Nigeria,” Environ. Manag. Conf. Fed. Univ. Agric. Abeokuta, Niger. 2011, 2011. [22] Soils of Tropical Forest Ecosystems. 2013.
Akinrinmade, A.O, Olasehinde, P.I., Awojobi, M.O., Olasehinde, D.A., Ige, O.O., Olatunji, J.A. and Ibrahim, K.O "Sanitary Landfill Sitting Using Geo-Spatial and Geoscience Investigations in Parts of Southwestern Kwara State, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.38-49 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/38-49.pdf
Today, civil engineering structures suffer from dynamic effects. Earth on structures have been severely damaged by the earthquake. Thus, there has been loss of life and property. This has particularly affected countries located on active fault lines. Pre- and post-earthquake measures have been developed in world. For these reasons, it is necessary to determine the dynamic performance of structures around the world. There are various methods for determine the dynamic performance. System identification is one of these methods. Mathematical model of the structural system is obtained by system identification method. Fuzzy Logic can be a system identification method. It is known as fuzzy logic, an algorithm for the mathematical projection of the natural, in other words, human intelligence. In this study, steel model bridge was used as test subject. MATLAB software is used. In this study, it is aimed to estimate the output of steel model bridge with fuzzy logic. The output data of the model steel bridge was first obtained on the experimental modal analysis and then the output data obtained with fuzzy logic were compared. As a result of the comparisons, it was observed that a nearly 99% compliance was achieved. In the light of all results, it is seen that fuzzy logic method will be useful in system identification method in civil engineering field.
- Page(s): 50-54
- Date of Publication: 22 January 2020
- Sertaç TUHTADepartment of Civil Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
- Furkan GÜNDAYDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
- Hakan AYDINDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
References
[1] Marquardt, D. W. (1963). An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. Journal of the society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 11(2), 431-441. [2] Hagan, M. T., Demuth, H. B., & Beale, M. H. (1996). Neural network design, PWS Pub. Co., Boston, 3632. [3] Hagan, M. T., & Menhaj, M. B. (1994). Training feed forward networks with the Marquardt algorithm. IEEE transactions on Neural Networks, 5(6), 989-993. [4] MATLAB. (2010). version 7.10.0 (R2010a). Natick, Massachusetts: The MathWorks Inc. [5] Tuhta.S., Gunday F., Aydin H., Dynamic Analysis of Model Steel Structures Retrofitted with GFRP Composites under Microtremor Vibration International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)Volume: 3 | Issue: 2 | Jan-Feb 2019. [6] Tuhta.S., Abrar O., Gunday F., Experimental Study on Behavior of Bench-Scale Steel Structure Retrofitted with CFRP Composites under Ambient Vibration, European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019. [7] J. Kim, System Identification of Civil Engineering Structures through Wireless Structural Monitoring and Subspace System Identification Methods, PhD thesis, University of Michigan, 2011. [8] G.F. Sirca Jr., H. Adeli, System identification in structural engineering, Scientia Iranica A (2012) 19 (6), 1355–1364. [9] Tuhta, S., & Günday, F. (2019). Multi Input Multi Output System Identification of Concrete Pavement Using N4SID. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovative Research Development, 4(1). [10] Tuhta, S., Alameri, I., & Günday, F. (2019). Numerical Algorithms N4SID for System Identification of Buildings. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering Technology Science, 1(6). [11] Tuhta, S., Günday, F., Aydin, H., & Alalou, M. (2019). MIMO System Identification of MachineFoundation Using N4SID. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovative Research Development [12] Tuhta, S., & Günday, F. (2019). Mimo System İdentification of İndustrial Building Using N4sid with Ambient Vibration. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology. [13] Gunday.F., “OMA of RC Industrial Building Retrofitted with CFRP using SSI” International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2018. [14] Gunday.F., “GFRP Retrofitting Effect on the Dynamic Characteristics of Model Steel Structure Using SSI” International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2018. [15] Dushimimana, A., Günday, F., & Tuhta, S. (2018). Operational Modal Analysis of Aluminum Model Structures Using Earthquake Simulator. Presented at the International Conference on Innovative Engineering Applications. [16] Günday, F., Dushimimana, A., & Tuhta, S. (2018). Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis of a Model Steel Structure Using Blast Excitation. Presented at the International Conference on Innovative Engineering Applications. [17] Tuhta, S., & Günday, F. (2019). Application of Oma on The Bench scale Aluminum Bridge Using Micro Tremor Data. İnternational Journal of Advance Research and Innovative İdeas in Education, 5(5), 912–923. [18] Kasimzade, A., Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Aydin, H. (2019). Investigation of Modal Parameters on Steel Structure Using FDD from Ambient Vibration. Presented at the 8th International Steel Structures Symposium, Konya. [19] Kasimzade, A., Tuhta, S., Aydin, H., & Günday, F. (2019). Determination of Modal Parameters on Steel Model Bridge Using Operational Modal Analysis. Presented at the 8th International Steel Structures Symposium, Konya. [20] Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Abrar, O. (2019). Experimental Study on Effect of Seismic Damper to Reduce the Dynamic Response of Bench Scale Steel Structure Model. İnternational Journal of Advance Research and Innovative İdeas in Education, 5(5), 901–911. [21] Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Aydin, H. (2019). Numerical Algorithms for System Identification of Benchmark Steel Structure. Presented at the iSTE-CE’xx2019- International Conference on Innovation, Sustainability, Technology and Education in Civil Engineering. [22] Sugeno, M. (1985). Industrial applications of fuzzy control. Elsevier Science Inc.
Sertaç TUHTA, Furkan GÜNDAY, Hakan AYDIN "System Identification of Model Steel Bridge with Fuzzy Logic" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.50-54 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/50-54.pdf
Today, civil engineering structures suffer from dynamic effects. Earth on structures have been severely damaged by the earthquake. Thus, there has been loss of life and property. This has particularly affected countries located on active fault lines. Pre- and post-earthquake measures have been developed in world. For these reasons, it is necessary to determine the dynamic performance of structures around the world. There are various methods for determine the dynamic performance. System identification is one of these methods. Mathematical model of the structural system is obtained by system identification method. Genetic algorithms can be a system identification method. It is known as genetic algorithms, an algorithm for the mathematical projection of the natural, in other words, Genetic algorithms are a part of Artificial Intelligence. In this study, steel model bridge was used as test subject. MATLAB software is used. In this study, it is aimed to estimate the output of steel model bridge with genetic algorithms. As a result of study, it was observed that a nearly 99% compliance was achieved.SAE is %0.78548.In the light of all results, it is seen that genetic algorithms method will be useful in system identification method in civil engineering field.
- Page(s): 55-59
- Date of Publication: 22 January 2020
- Sertaç TUHTADepartment of Civil Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
- Furkan GÜNDAYDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey '
- Hakan AYDINDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
References
[1] Marquardt, D. W. (1963). An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. Journal of the society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 11(2), 431-441. [2] A. R. Conn, N. I. M. Gould, and Ph. L. Toint. “A Globally Convergent Augmented Lagrangian Algorithm for Optimization with General Constraints and Simple Bounds”, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, Volume 28, Number 2, pages 545–572, 1991. [3] A. R. Conn, N. I. M. Gould, and Ph. L. Toint. “A Globally Convergent Augmented Lagrangian Barrier Algorithm for Optimization with General Inequality Constraints and Simple Bounds”, Mathematics of Computation, Volume 66, Number 217, pages 261–288, 1997. [4] MATLAB. (2010). version 7.10.0 (R2010a). Natick, Massachusetts: The MathWorks Inc. [5] Tuhta.S., Gunday F., Aydin H., Dynamic Analysis of Model Steel Structures Retrofitted with GFRP Composites under Microtremor Vibration International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)Volume: 3 | Issue: 2 | Jan-Feb 2019. [6] Tuhta.S., Abrar O., Gunday F., Experimental Study on Behavior of Bench-Scale Steel Structure Retrofitted with CFRP Composites under Ambient Vibration, European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019. [7] J. Kim, System Identification of Civil Engineering Structures through Wireless Structural Monitoring and Subspace System Identification Methods, PhD thesis, University of Michigan, 2011. [8] G.F. Sirca Jr., H. Adeli, System identification in structural engineering, Scientia Iranica A (2012) 19 (6), 1355–1364. [9] Tuhta, S., &Günday, F. (2019). Multi Input Multi Output System Identification of Concrete Pavement Using N4SID. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovative Research Development, 4(1). [10] Tuhta, S., Alameri, I., &Günday, F. (2019). Numerical Algorithms N4SID for System Identification of Buildings. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering Technology Science, 1(6). [11] Tuhta, S., Günday, F., Aydin, H., &Alalou, M. (2019). MIMO System Identification of MachineFoundation Using N4SID. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovative Research Development [12] Tuhta, S., &Günday, F. (2019). Mimo System İdentification of İndustrial Building Using N4sid with Ambient Vibration. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology. [13] Gunday.F., “OMA of RC Industrial Building Retrofitted with CFRP using SSI” International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2018. [14] Gunday.F., “GFRP Retrofitting Effect on the Dynamic Characteristics of Model Steel Structure Using SSI” International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2018. [15] Dushimimana, A., Günday, F., &Tuhta, S. (2018). Operational Modal Analysis of Aluminum Model Structures Using Earthquake Simulator. Presented at the International Conference on Innovative Engineering Applications. [16] Günday, F., Dushimimana, A., &Tuhta, S. (2018). Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis of a Model Steel Structure Using Blast Excitation. Presented at the International Conference on Innovative Engineering Applications. [17] Tuhta, S., &Günday, F. (2019). Application of Oma on The Bench scale Aluminum Bridge Using Micro Tremor Data. İnternational Journal of Advance Research and Innovative İdeas in Education, 5(5), 912–923. [18] Kasimzade, A., Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Aydin, H. (2019). Investigation of Modal Parameters on Steel Structure Using FDD from Ambient Vibration. Presented at the 8th International Steel Structures Symposium, Konya. [19] Kasimzade, A., Tuhta, S., Aydin, H., &Günday, F. (2019). Determination of Modal Parameters on Steel Model Bridge Using Operational Modal Analysis. Presented at the 8th International Steel Structures Symposium, Konya. [20] Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Abrar, O. (2019). Experimental Study on Effect of Seismic Damper to Reduce the Dynamic Response of Bench Scale Steel Structure Model. İnternational Journal of Advance Research and Innovative İdeas in Education, 5(5), 901–911. [21] Tuhta, S., Günday, F., & Aydin, H. (2019). Numerical Algorithms for System Identification of Benchmark Steel Structure. Presented at the iSTE-CE’xx2019- International Conference on Innovation, Sustainability, Technology and Education in Civil Engineering.
Sertaç TUHTA, Furkan GÜNDAY, Hakan AYDIN "System Identification of Model Steel Bridge with Genetic Algorithms " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.55-59 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/55-59.pdf
The increase in demand and different applications of oils foster the search for vegetable and seed oils that are of high quality to meet up with the increasing rate of its demand worldwide. In this research, the extraction and physicochemical characterization of the oil from Terminalia Mantaly was carried out. The seed oil of the plant was extracted using solvent (N-Hexane). Standard method was adopted to extract the seed oil of the plant. The parameters of seed oil determined include Physico-chemical properties such as; acid value 0.56 mg KOH/g, peroxide value 4 mEq/Kg, ester value 195.79 mgKOH/g, oil content 37 %, iodine value 53.30 gI2/100g, saponification value 196.35 mgKOH/g, moisture content 0.4, density 0.92 g/ml, kinematic viscosity 4.80, specific gravity 1.08. These make the oil suitable for use in the industry except in the ink and paint industries because of its non drying property which is due to its low iodine value content.
- Page(s): 60-64
- Date of Publication: 24 January 2020
- Abubakar Abbas Chemistry Department, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State 740001, Nigeria
- Auwal, A. Mahmoud Chemistry Department, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State 740001, Nigeria
- Yakubu Hamza Chemistry Department, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State 740001, Nigeria
- Yushau Salim Chemistry Department, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State 740001, Nigeria
References
[1] Abdulhamid, A., Sani, I., & Fekal, I. M. (2014). Physicochemical Analysis of Soxhlet Extracte Oils from Selected Northern Nigerian Seeds. International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering. 8(11): 1122 -1124. [2] Association of Official Analytical Chemist, (1995). Official methods of Analysis 13th edit., A.O.A.C., Washington D.C. [3] Akbar, E., Yaakob, Z., Kamarudin, S., &Ismail, M. (2009). Characteristics and Composition of Jatroph curcas oil seed from Malaysia and its potential as Biodiesel Feedstock. European Journal of scientific Research. 29: 396-403. [4] Akpan, U.G., & Mohammed, J.A. (2007) Extraction, characterization and modification of castor seed oil. Leonardo Journal of Science Issue 8:43–52. [5] Andualem, B., & Gassesse, A. (2014). Proximate composition mineral content and antinutritional factors of Bebra (Milletiaferruginea) seed flour as well as physicochemical characterization of its seed oil. A springa open journal. 3(298). :1-10. [6] Aremu, M.O., lonisakin, O, Bako, D.A. & Madu, P.C. (2006). Compositional studies and physicochemical characteristics of cashew nut (Anarcadium occidentale) flour. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 5(4):328–333. [7] Aremu, M.O., Ibrahim, H.& Bamidele, T.O. (2015). Physicochemical Characteristics of the Oils Extracted from some Nigerian Plants Foods. (A Review). Chemical and Engineering Research. 32: 36 - 52. [8] Aremu, M.O., Olaofe, O. & Akintayo, E.T., (2006a). Chemical Composition and Physicochemical Characteristics of two Varieties of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterrenea) flours. Journal of Applied Sciences. 6 (9): 1900 - 1903. [9] Aremu, M.O., H. Ibrahim, H., & Bamidele, T.O. (2015). Physicochemical Characteristics of the Oils Extracted from some Nigerian Plants Foods. (A Review). Chemical and Engineering Research. 32: 36 - 52. [10] Awadia, S., Khair, E., & Mahdi, Abbas, S. S. (2016). Determination of Physico-Chemical Properties of Z-spina-christi(Nabag ) Seed Crude Oil. International journal of research and development Organisation.2 (4):22-35. [11] Bello, A., & Abdu, I. (2011). Nutrient and mineral elements levels in four indigenous tree seeds in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 3(15): 396-400. [12] Ebenezer, K. S. (2015). Extraction and physicochemical characterization of oil extract from the seed of umbrella tree (Terminalia mantalis) international journal of scientific and engineering Research.6 (10). : 144-147. [13] Emmanuel, O. A, Kessington, O. O., &Mudiakeoghene, O. (2009). Biodegradation of vegetable oils. Scientific Research and Essay.4 (6), pp. 543-548, June, 2009. [14] Food safety and standards authority of India (2015). Manual of methods of Analysis of foods, Oils and Fats. Lab. Manual 2 Ministry of health and family welfare Government of India New Delhi. [15] Jorge, N. Ana, C., S., and Caroline, P.M. A.,(2015). Antioxidant activity of oils extracted from orange (Citrus sinensis) seeds. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências(2016)88(2): 951-958. [16] José, M.R. d., Mateus, D. N., Sirlaine, A. P., Denise, P. T., & Maria, C. Megumi,K. (2014).Bio- detoxification of Jatropha curcasseed cake by Pleurotusostreatus. African journal of microbiologyresearch.8(11),pp.1148-1156. [17] Kochar, S.L. (1998). Economic Botany in the Tropics. 2ndEdition, Macmillan India Ltd. 354 - 355. [18] Kayode, E. S. (2015). Extraction and physicochemical characterisation of the oil extract from the seed of umbrella tree (terminalia mentalis). International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol.6(10).pp.144-147. [19] Kyari, M.Z. (2008). Extraction and Characterization of Seed Oils. International Agro physics, 22, 139-142. [20] Li, Z., Wrenn, B.A.,& Venosa, A.D. (2005). Anaerobic biodegradation of vegetable oil and its metabolic intermediates in oil-enriched freshwater sediments. Biodegradation16(4): 341-352. [21] Mabrouk, S.T. (2005). “Making Useable, Quality Opaque or Transparent Soap”. Journal of Chemical Education. 82 (10) : 1534 - 1537. [22] Malacrida, C.R., Kimura, M.& Jorge, N.( 2012). Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of citrus seed oils. Food Science Technology Research 18: 399-404. [23] Maria, C. S., Francesco S., Raffaele, C., Francesco, L. C., & Maria, G. V.(2012). Extraction and Characterization of Vegetable Oils from Cherry Seed by Different Extraction Processes.Chemical engineering transactions. 27, 2012 p:391-396. [24] Martin, M.I., & Nazeema,T. H. (2015). Detoxification of trypsin inhibitors in the kernel cake of jatropha curcas by regulating its inhibitory activity and its effect on common carp fishes.International journal of life science and pharma Research.5(3):49-57. [25] Nwobi ,B.E,, Ofoegbu, O., & Adesina, O.B. (2006). Extraction and Qualitative Assessment of African Sweet Orange Seed Oil. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition& Development. 6(2). [26] Oladimeji, M.O., Adebayo A.O.,& Adgbesan A.H., (2001) Physico-chemical properties of Hausa melon seed flour. Ultra Science 13:374–377. [27] Patel, S., Patel, K., Nilkanth, F., Vasudev, T., &1 R. B. Shubramanian, R.B. L.(2011).Extraction and analysis of Jatropha curcasL. seed oil.Bc`African Journal of Biotechnology 10(79), p. 18210-18213. [28] Saeed, M.D.,& Shola, E.A. (2015). Extraction and physico chemical properties of some edible seed oils sampled in kano metropolis, kano state.Bayero journal of pure and applied sciences, 8(2): 239 – 244.
Abubakar Abbas, Auwal, A. Mahmoud, Yakubu Hamza, Yushau Salim "Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Seed Oil from Terminalia Mantaly Seed " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.60-64 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/60-64.pdf
In the recent time, reducing food insecurity and poverty is now regarded by many as the most important goal of the twenty first century. To achieve this laudable objective requires removal of drudgery associated with farming and improve productivity. This study compares the profitability and productivity of tractorised and non-tractorised maize farmers. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select eighty (80) maize farmers for the study. The result revealed that majority of the respondents was male. In addition, (85%) and (80%) of the tractorised and non-tractorised respectively have formal education. Based on their farm size majority (60%) of the manual farmers cultivated between 2.1-3.0 ha while (50%) of the tractorised cultivated between 4.1-5.0 ha. Furthermore, the net farm incomes for the tractorised and manual maize farmers were found to be N310, 100.00 and N 127,950.00 naira respectively. The total labour and capital productivity for the mechanized farmers were higher than that of their manual counterparts. Nevertheless, there were many constraints militating against the production of this staple food crop in the area, thus the respondents perceived inadequate capital as first(1st),poor producer price and high cost of inputs were ranked second (2nd) and third(3rd) respectively. In other to improve productivity and output the study recommends the need to subsidize the cost of acquiring farm machininaries especially tractors by the government, price control of farm inputs and provision of production loans to the maize farmers at low interest rate to facilitate speedy adoption of mechanization.
- Page(s): 65-71
- Date of Publication: 24 January 2020
- Usman, M. B.Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry Mechanization Afaka, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Aaasa, O. S.Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry Mechanization Afaka, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Balogun, O. S Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry Mechanization Afaka, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Yahaya, U. FDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry Mechanization Afaka, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
References
[1] Aasa, O.S. (2006). Analysis of the factors affecting the marketing and demand for certified Maize seed in Kaduna state’ Nigeria. An unpublished Msc. Thesis department of agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agricultural, Ahmadu Bellow University Zaria Nigeria pp29-50 [2] Aasa O. S., Alabi O.F, Ariyo C.O, Awotide O.Gand Adetunji A. j. (2015) : Factors [3] Influencing the Marketing Demand of Cerified Maize Seed (CMS) in BirninGwari Zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Nigeria Jounal of Agricultural and Development Economics (NIJADE) Vol. 5.Number 1. 81-19 [4] Alabi, O.O., Adeboye., Akinyemi, O. Olumuyiwa, S. and Adewuyi, D. (2005). Resources productivity on returns on maize production in kauru local government area, Kaduna state Nigeria. International journal of food and agricultural research. 2 (1):75-82 [5] FMA & WR, (2008) Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources National Programme for Food Security, May, 2008 pp 31-43 [6] Ha A, strappazon L, Fisher W (2001). What is the difference between productivity and profit? Department of Nationl Resources and Environment, Victoria, Austraila. [7] Hiroyuki, T and Salau, S (2010), Demand Characteristics for Rice Cowpea Maize Seed in [8] Nigeria- Policy implication and Knowledge Gaps; Nigeria Strategy Support Program Brief No.8, international food policy Research institute. [9] Hofstradd D. (2009).Understanding Profitability. Agricultural decision maker. Iowa State University. [10] Johnson J. Doglas (2002) Agricultural and Rural Lives Development schemes in Bende [11] Local Government area of Abia State Nigeria, Journal of Human Development Vol.3 pp 12-15 [12] Kaduna Agricultural Development Project (KADPA) Handbook (2008) Kaduna state at a glance: a Manual for Extension Workers. Kaduna State Government Official Web Site :www.Kadunastategovernment.ng [13] Louwaars, M.P. and G.A.M. Marrewijk (1991), Seed Supply Systems in developing countries. CTA, Wageninen, The Netherlands. [14] Ibekwe UC, chikeize C, Obasi PC, Eze CC, Henri-Ukoha A (2012). Profitability of garri processing in owerri North Local Government Area of Imo State.ARPN J. of sci. and Technol. 2(4): 340 – 343 [15] International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (2010) Integrated Crop- livestock farming systems. Thematic paper, Rome, Italy. [16] Ismam N, Xayavong V, Kingwell R (2011). Broadcare farm productivity and profitability in [17] South Western Audtralia. The 55th Annual conference, Austrailan Agricultural and Resources Economics society Melbourne. [18] Malami (2017) ‘Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Youth Participation in Agriculture in Lere Local Government Area of Kaduna State” An Unpublished HND Project; Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka Kaduna. P 14 [19] Mbanasor, J.A. and Kalu, K.C. (2008).Economic Efficiency of Commercial Vegetable Production Systems in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A Tran-slog Stochastic Frontier Cost Function Approach, Tropical and subtropical Agro ecosystems, 8: 313-318 [20] NPC, (2006): National Population Commission, Federal Office of Statistics. Census 2006. [21] Ojo, M. A., Mohammed, U. S., Ojo, A. O. and Olaleye, R. S. (2009). Return to Scale and Determinants of Farm Level Technical Inefficiency Among Small Scale Yam Based Farmers In Niger State, Nigeria: Implications for Food Security. [22] Okorji E.C and Enem C.O.B (2007) Bases on farm resources allocation in traditional farming system. A comparative study of productivity of farm resource in Abakaliki area of Ebonyi state. Nigerian Agricultural system Vol. 17 Pp. 197-210. [23] Olukosi, J. O. and Ehrbbor, P.O (2008) Introduction to Farm Management Economics Agitab Publication Zaria [24] Oni S.A and Ikpi A.E (2001). Rice Development Association occasional paper No. 3 January. [25] Raham S.A and Lawal A.B (2003) economic analysis of rice based cropping system in Giwa local Government area of Kaduna state Nigeria. An Iinternational Journal of Agricultural science. [26] Singh B.N and Fashola O.O. (2000) Sustainable wetland Rice production in Northern Nigeria. In eds. A. Kolawale I. Scores M.D Awogbade and J.P Vol. Strategies for sustainable use of Fadama land in northern Nigeria FACU Abuja [27] Todd G. (2007). Descriptive statistics Topics in Biostatistics method molecular Biology 404 New York.Springe pp. 33-52.
Usman, M. B., Aaasa, O. S., Balogun, O. S and Yahaya, U. F "Profitability and Productivity Analysis of Tractorised and Non-Tractorised Maize Production in Lere Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.65-71 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/65-71.pdf
A critical review of the different eras of development plans revealed that much progress was made in terms of employment generation during the era of fixed medium- term planning in Nigeria. The average GDP growth rate was 5.1% during the First National Development Plan, 8.2% under the Second and 5.0% under the Third which individually exceed the almost 4% average in the pre-independence era. In the same vein the growth rate of capital formation (investment ratio) rose from an average of 14.1% under the First Plan to 26.7% in the Third. This far exceeded the 12.3% average for the pre-independence decade. The eras of the rolling plans and the democratic dispensation were the period unemployment became visible. The main policy lesson to be gleaned from the foregoing discussion is the fact that the worsening incidence of unemployment scenario in Nigeria cannot be entirely attributed to policy failures and ineffectiveness of the employment oriented programmes that were mainstreamed in the successive development plans but to the generality of the entire development plans. What is of fundamental importance at the moment is the adoption of sound monetary and fiscal measures and political will that will engender employment generation in Nigeria. The paper recommends a multi-sector approach to planning and implementation of public sector programmes, and harmonization of planning initiatives in order to reduce the problem associated with plan implementation.
- Page(s): 72-79
- Date of Publication: 24 January 2020
- Dzever, D. Donald Lecture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
- Ogebe, O. FrancisSenior Lecturer, Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Agriculture, Makudi, Benue State, Nigeria
- Nnama, U. ChristopherLecturer, Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Agriculture, Makudi, Benue State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Ayoola, G. B. (2018). Essays on Agricultural Economy. Non-experimental Writing on Agricultural Policy and Development Administration in Nigeria. Xlibris Publication, Pp. 433-434. [2]. Egonmwan, J. A.,&Ibodje, S. W. E. (2001). Development Administrations: Theory and Practice.BeninCity: Resyin (Nig.) Company Ltd. [3]. Ibezim, E. O. (1999). Political Economy: Issues & problems in Contemporary Society. Onitsha: Hybrid Publishers Ltd. [4]. Jhjngan, M. L. (2005).The Economics of Development Planning. New Delhi: Vrinda Publications [5]. Marcellus, O. K. (2009). Development Planning in Nigeria: Reflections on the National Empowerment and Development Strategies (NEEDS) 2003-2007. Journal of social Science, 20(3), 197-210 [6]. Obikeze, O. S., & Obi, E. A. (2004). Public Administration in Nigeria: A Developmental Approach. Onitsha: Book Point Ltd. [7]. Okojie, C. E. (2002). Development Planning in Nigeria sinceIndependence. In: M.A. Iyoha, C. O. Itsede (Eds.): Nigerian Economy: Structure, Growth and Development. Benin City: Mindex Publishing. [8]. Omuta, G. E. D., andOnokerhoraye, A. G. (1995). Regional Development and Planning for Africa. The Benin Social Series for Africa. Benin City: University of Benin. [9]. Osifo-Whiskey, O. (1987).“Economic Planning/Management: Top Speed in the Slow Lane” News watch (October 5). Page 32-33. [10]. Rodney, W. (1972).How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. London: Bogle-L Overture. [11]. Todaro, M. P. (1982). Economics of a Developing World; London: Longman [12]. Ugwu, C. E. (2009). “The Imperatives of National Development Programmes Harmonization in Nigeria. Vision 2020, Millennium Development Goals and Seven Points Agenda”, in Nigeria, Journal of Public Administration and Local Government (UNN) Vol. XIV, No.2, Page 200-216 [13]. Usoro, E. T, (1983). Development Planning and Economic Changes in Nigeria (1960-1980)” in Ed. By IzOsayimwese. Environment Economics and Planning: Essays in Honor of OjbunjiAboyade Pp. 130-149. [14]. Yesufu, T. M. (1996).The Nigerian Economy: Growth without Development. The Benin Social Science Series for Africa. University of Benin, Benin City, 49-83
Dzever, D. Donald, Ogebe, O. Francis, Nnama, U. Christopher "An Overview of Past National Development Plans in Nigeria (1962-1985)" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.72-79 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/72-79.pdf
Soil plays vital role in plants performance. A densified agricultural soil has lost its nutrients availability to plants. Thus the study is on modelling the tolerance of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) to soil densification under varying degrees of tractor passes on the sandy loam soil. The research was conducted at the Rivers Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, South-South, Nigeria. The plot of area 46m by 36m was cleared of grasses, debris and stumps. The soil samples were randomly collected for soil tests before and after tillage operations such as ploughing and harrowing + harrowing which were carried out respectively. The land space was marked out into randomized complete block design of four replicates compacted at i = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 passes per replicate of which there were twenty subplots altogether with a SWARAJ 978 FE Tractor Model used for the compaction routines. A duly certified Okra seeds bought from the Government of the Rivers State Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Department with minimum percentage germination and purity of 85% and 99% were sown by placing 3 seeds per hole at a considerable depth of about 0.03m beneath soil surface, with inter-row and intra-row spacing of 0.6m by 0.6m and a 4m by 4m alley dimension which was marked out to separate each subplot from the other. The seedlings were later thinned to two Okra plants per stand at two weeks after emergence. The data obtained were employed in model development. A mathematical model equation (γp)i = φ((ω ̇p )i √((ρd )i (CI)i ))/Dc+ C1 was developed based on Buckingham pi theorem using dimensional analysis to predict tolerance of Okra yield under soil compaction. A Least Square estimation to depict, the constant of proportionality of the modelled equation was estimated at 4 x 106 and C1= 3 x 10-5. The model obtained was verified and validated using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test to determine if there were significant differences between the experimented and predicted values of Okra yield measurements. It was clear evident after the tested modelled equation that there was an approximately closed agreement between the experimented and modelled values of Okra yield in tolerance to soil compaction at varying tractor passes in different subplots. Hence, it was suggested that the model be used for Okra yield prediction in a densified soil.
- Page(s): 80-92
- Date of Publication: 28 January 2020
- Silas O. NkakiniDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria
- Davies, R.M.Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta State University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Abdul,R.S., Muhammad,S., Abdur-RabN.A.,Masorod,A.,Facai-i-Wajid, andGoharS.(2011). Response of germination, growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschusesculentus) to seed priming duration and P-sources in Northwest Pakistan. African Journal of Plant Science. 5(11), 663-670,http://www.Academicjournals.org/AJPS. [2]. Adamu, S., and C. A. Ezeaku. (2002). Effect of tillage on the growth and yield of cowpea(Vigna unguiculata, L.Walp) at Bauchi in the Northern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(2): 2776–2785. [3]. Akintoye, H.A., Adebayo, A.G., and Aina, O.O. (2011). Growth and Yield Response of Okra incorporated with live mulches. Asian Journal of Agriculture, 5, 146-153. [4]. Asoegwu, S. N. (2012). Bulk density and soil moisture as factor influencing the strength of sandy loan and loamy sand ultisol. Discovery and Innovative, 7(2), 29-34 [5]. Botta, M.P., Crookston, R.K.,and Larson, W.F. (2002). Subsurface compaction reduces the root and shoot growth and grain yield of wheat. Agron.Journals 8(4), 34-38. [6]. Boussinesq, J. (1885). Application des Potentiels a’ létude de léquilibreet des Mouvements des Solides Elastiques. Gauthier-Villars, Paris, pp.30. [7]. British Columbia (2015). ‘Soil Compaction, A Review of its Origin and Characteristics SOIL FACTSHEET’, Ministry Of Agriculture, Order No. 613,100-1. [8]. Chamen, T., L. Alakukku, S. Pires, C. Somner, G. Spoor, F. Tijink, and P. Weisskop.(2003). Prevention strategies for field traffic-induced subsoil compaction: A Review, Part 2. Equipment and field practices. Soil Tillage Research, 73(1): 161–174. Crowther, J. (Ed.) Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary of current English. 5thed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. 1430p. [9]. CzYz, P. C.,Clark J. T, and Conlin, T. S. (2017). Short term effects of soil compaction on growth of pinus contera seedlings .Can S. for Res. 26:727-739. [10]. Daniel, H., Jarvis, R. 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FAOSTAT Statistical database. Rome (available at faostat.fao.org) [16]. Guerif, J. (2008). Factors influencing soil strength increases induced by compaction Proc. 11th. Int. ISTRO Conf. Edinburgh Scotland, 1(4), 269-274 [17]. Hakansson, I,.and Reeder, R.C. (1994). Subsoil Compaction by vehicles with high axle load-extent, Persistence, and Crop response. Soil Tillage Res.8 (2), 121-145. [18]. Hakansson, I. (2000). Set-up of Field Experiments on the Impact of Subsoil Compaction on Soil Properties, Crop Growth and Environment - Recommendations by Working Group 5 of the EU Concerted Action on Subsoil Compaction. In Proceedings of the 3rdWorkshop of the Concerted Action, Experience with the Impact and Prevention of Subsoil Compaction on Soil, Crop Growth and Environmental and Ways to Prevent Subsoil Compaction, J. Arvidsson, J. J. H. Van den Akker and R. Horn (Eds), p145 – 159. Uppsala, Sweden, 14 – 16 June, 2000. [19]. Hamza, I., Voorhees, W. B, and Riley, H. 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Silas O. Nkakini and Davies, R.M. "Mathematical Model Equation for Tolerance of Okra Plant Yield to Soil Densification" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.80-92 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/80-92.pdf
Combretum molle has been used by many traditional medicine practitioners in the treatment of microbial infections. This work was carried out with the aim of determining the acute toxicity and histology of the aqueous, n-butanol and the ethyl-acetate fractions of the root of Combretum molle to Wistar rats. Ethanol was used as solvent for extraction, after which differential fractionization was carried out using distilled water, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The limittest at 5000 mg/kg of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines were used for the study. In the acute toxicological investigation, there was no mortality in the experimental animals after orally administering the fractions of C. molle 5000 mg/kg indicating that the LD50 was above 5000 mg/kg. There was no histological alterations or changes at the extract dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight in the kidney organs of rats in the control group, but all the other organs from the fractions tested displayed certain observed alterations. Tubular vacuolation (TVN), Lymphocyte hyperplasia (LH), Glomerular necrosis (GN), Plaques formation (P), Tubular necrosis (TN) and Tubular distortions (TD) were observed in the kidneys. There was no histological alterations or changes at the extract dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight in the internal organs of rats in the control group and in the liver of group VI, but all the other organs from the fractions tested displayed certain observed alterations. Vascular congestion (VC), vascular congestion with slight necrosis (VCN) and hepatocellular necrosis (HN) were observed in the livers of all the groups administered the fractions.
- Page(s): 93-99
- Date of Publication: 29 January 2020
- D. KulaweDepartment of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
- N. AhidjoDepartment of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
- J. S. HenaNigeria. Marine Environment Management Unit, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency,Abuja Office, Nigeria
References
[1] Dodehe, Y., Rita, B., Bernard, N.D., Chonta, T. and Jean David, N. (2012). Acute and Subacute Toxic Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Combretum molle. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 11 (2): 217-223. [2] Evan, A.P., Coe, F.L., Lingeman, J.E., Shao, Y., Sommer, A.J., Bledsoe, S.B. Anderson, J.C. and Worcester, E.M. (2007). Mechanism of formation of human calcium oxalate renal stones on Randall's plaque.Anatomical Recourses, 2 (10): 1315-23 [3] Newman, D. J., Cragg, G. M. and Snader, K.M. (2003). National Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Period 1981 – 2002. Journal of Natural Products, 66: 1022 – 1037 [4] OECD (2000). Guidance Document on Acute Oral Toxicity. Environmental Health and Safety Monograph Series on Testing and Assessment No.24. [5] Palmer, E.P. (1972). Trees of Southern Africa Vol. 2. Regional Soil Conservation Unit (RSCU). Balkema Cape Town. PP. 33 – 40 [6] Rhiouani, H.R., Nazari, P, Kamli-Nejad, M. and Lyoussi, B. (2008). Acute and subchronic oral toxicity of an aqueous extract of leaves of Herniariaglabrain rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 118:378-386. [7] Sagar, K. and Vidyasagar, G. M. (2010). Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicities of leaf extract of Caesalpiniabonducella(l.) flem.International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio Sciences 1(1): 1-15 [8] Sharma, S., Sharma, K., Yadav, O. and Sharma, K.P. (2009). Alterations in biochemical and histopathological profile of liver in distillery soil leachate treated Swiss albino mice MusMusculus L. Pharmacology online 3: 1047-1053. [9] Sofowora, A. (2006). Medical Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa.(2ndedition). Spectrum books Ltd, Ibadan. Nigeria. PP. 150 –153. [10] Wickens, G. E., (2000). Flora of Tropical East Africa. Combretaceae. East African community. Royal Botanic gardens, Kew. PP 99 [11] Wood, S. J., Balick, M. J. and Laird, S. A. (1997). Medical Plants: Can Utilization and Conservation Coexist? The New York botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA. [12] Zaza, H. V., Tra, B. O., Gnahoué, G., Kouangbé, M. A., Koffi, A. M. and N’Guessan J. D. (2016). Oral Toxicity Study of X42 Fraction of Terminaliaivorensis A.Chev. (Combretaceae) in Rats. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8(12): 1913-1919
D. Kulawe, N. Ahidjo and J. S. Hena " The Effects of the Ethyl Acetate, Aqueous and N-Butanol Fractions of the Root of Combretum Molle (R.Br. Ex. G. Don) and Its Histology to Wistar Rats" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.93-99 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/93-99.pdf
Road traffic crashes are count (discrete) in nature, when modelling discrete data for characteristics and prediction of an event when dependent variable are non-negative and have integer values, it is appropriate to use Poisson regression. However the condition that the mean and variance of Poisson are equal poses a great constraints. Data on road traffic crashes from Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) Ekiti state Nigeria were analyzed using R software package. The result from the three existing model were compared using AIC, BIC and Deviance, with Generalized negative binomial showing an AIC value of 414.79 and BIC value of 490.8873 and negative binomial showing AIC value of 476.8 and BIC value of 495.59 and Poisson regression showing AIC value of 587.312 and BIC value of 589.321.Having shown a smaller value of AIC and BIC, Generalized negative binomial regression was consider a better model when analyzing road traffic crashes in Ekiti State Nigeria.
- Page(s): 100-105
- Date of Publication: 29 January 2020
- Odukoya Elijah Ayooluwa Department of Statistics, Ekiti State University, Nigeria
- Olubiyi Adenike Oluwafumilola Department of Statistics, Ekiti State University, Nigeria ]
References
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Odukoya Elijah Ayooluwa, Olubiyi Adenike Oluwafumilola "A Comparative Study of Selected Regression Models Using Road Traffic Crashes Data in Ekiti State" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.100-105 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/100-105.pdf
Cancer metastasis has over the years remain the major causes of cancer death. The biochemical cascade of cancer metastasis flows through a sequence of events involving loss of cellular adhesion, increased motility and invasiveness, entry and survival in the circulation, exit into new tissue (extravasation), and eventual colonization of a distant site. Evasion of the inherent mechanisms halting transformed cells from primary site disseminating to colonize at the secondary or distant site is the hallmark of metastasis. However, metastasis is not an efficient process as most transformed cells (cancer cells) leaving the primary site do not metastasize to distant organs. The all-out inefficiency in metastatic processes are due to myriads of inherent biophysiological homeostatic mechanisms recruited against metastatic cells which involves the switch-on mechanisms of metastatic suppressor genes (MSGs), programmed cell death, immunosurveillance system, angiogenic latency and tumour growth arrest, interstitial pressure, haemodynamic forces and sheering. Inability of all the metastasizing cells to escape, evade or co-opt multiple barriers refined by the inherent programmed homeostatic mechanisms delineate the central paradigm that cancer metastases is an inefficient process. The few transformed cells that successfully metastasize to distant organs leads to cancer death. The “chameleon nature” metastatic cells (evasion of apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis, self-sufficiency in growth signal, tissue invasion and metastasis, limitless potentials for replication, insensitive to antigrowth signal) remain one of the major challenges in the treatment of cancer patient as the development of a potent anti-cancer therapy specific for cancer cells without affecting normal cells (healthy bystander cells) still remains a “holy grail”. However, a pellucid insight on the biomechanistic events delineating metastatic inefficiency will offer a new insight in developing a more potent therapy specific for malignant cells. This worked reviewed the biomechanistic events involved in metastatic inefficiency that may pave the way for researchers to uncover the critical areas in the development of a potent anti-cancer therapy.
- Page(s): 106-117
- Date of Publication: 29 January 2020
- Idongesit Asuquo VictorCancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Opeyemi S. SoremekunCancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Effiom Orok EtimDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria
- Mfonabasi Uduak InyangDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria
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Idongesit Asuquo Victor, Opeyemi S. Soremekun, Effiom Orok Etim, Mfonabasi Uduak Inyang "Bio-mechanistic Insight on Cancer Cells Metastatic Inefficiency" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.106-117 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/106-117.pdf
Aquifer delineation and characterization pose a challenge due to the complex nature of rocks, tectonic activities that have affected them and the localized nature of aquifers within the crystalline complex. This research aims at presenting characteristics of aquifers in parts of Ilorin municipality using evidences from hydrogeophysical data. Hydrogeophysical field data acquisition were done using Vertical Electrical Sounding and interpreted to infer aquifer characteristics and subsurface lithological succession. Three to six geo-electric layers were obtained across the study area. The curve types obtained were H, K, Q, HK and A. The dominant curve type is H-type which is considered to have three successive layers with resistivities ρ1, ρ2, ρ3 and a central low value (ρ1>ρ2<ρ3). Layer resistivities and thickness geo-electric parameters deducted include Transverse Resistance (T), Longitudinal Conductance (S), Coefficient of Anisotropy (λ) and reflection coefficient (r). The values of transverse resistance (T) ranges between 297740.8 and 510 Ωm2. The highest values of total transverse unit resistance are observed around the northwestern and north eastern parts of the study area while the lowest value is obtainable in the southern and central parts. Longitudinal unit conductance values within the study area range between 2.157 and 0.07mhos. It is observed that 90% of the study area has a very high longitudinal unit conductance which implies a good aquifer protective capacity. The southeastern area has low values of longitudinal unit conductance. Coefficient of anisotropy (ʎ) values in the area varies between 3.8 and 1.02. A high value of coefficient of anisotropy is observed around central areas of the study area. This area is considered to be a good groundwater potential area. Reflection Coefficient(r)shows the degree of fracturing. It is expected that good aquiferous zones overburden are relatively thick with low reflection coefficient. Reflection coefficient values ranged between 0.91 and 0.02. The western and central part reflected thick overburden and fractured basement. Areas of high, medium and low groundwater potentials have been delineated. Ilorin is considered to be of medium or moderate in terms of groundwater potential.
- Page(s): 118-127
- Date of Publication: 29 January 2020
- Olatunji, J.A.Department of Minerals & Petroleum Resources Engineering Technology, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences Kwara State University Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Awojobi, M.O.Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Landmark University, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Olasehinde, D.A.Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Landmark University, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Akinrinmade, O.A.Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences Kwara State University Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Olasehinde, P.I.Department of Geophysics, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
References
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Olatunji, J.A., Awojobi, M.O., Olasehinde, D.A., Akinrinmade, O.A., Olasehinde, P.I. "Aquifer Characterization Using Evidences from Hydro-Geophysical Data: A Case Study of Ilorin Crystalline Basement Complex Southwestern Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.118-127 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/118-127.pdf
In vitro propagation is a plant tissue culture technique that provides a way to increase the rapid production of disease-free and non-contaminated planting materials, which boosts economic growth and support good health of the citizens. Being an aseptic procedure, it often helps to overcome constraints related with availability of both high-quality planting material and non-contaminated food production. The different yield of agronomic crops resulting from the contemporary agriculture practices, are often contaminated with pollutants such as heavy metals; especially during the course of their cultivation and occasionally during post-harvest processing procedures. Dioscorea sp. (Yam) is an important staple food in Nigeria with many health benefits but the presence of such noxious contaminants as heavy metals in its tubers and products renders its consumption highly detrimental to the health of its different consumers particularly human. This study was designed to conduct a comparative assessment of selected heavy metals concentrations in the dry tubers and powders originating from tissue culture hardened D. rotundata and D. alata with their respective market samples. Samples of tubers originating from yield of hardened in vitro propagated of D. rotundata and D. alata were collected from an Ibadan based Tissue Culture laboratory over a period of 28 days. Also, samples of the retailed dry tubers of both yam species were purchased concurrently from two renowned markets in Ibadan for comparison. These yam samples were all subjected to digestion and heavy metal analysis using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) to determine the levels of Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni in the digestates. The results obtained were also analyzed using XLSTAT analytical tool while pollution load indices and contamination factor were calculated. The results obtained showed that the levels of Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni in the dry tubers of in vitro yam samples (Cr=Ni=Pb=Cd; Cr = 0.000 mg/l) were significantly less than (p<0.005) those purchased from the two markets (Cr>Ni>Pb=Cd; Cr = 0.018± 0.025 - 0.030± 0.037 mg/l). Yam cultivation via micro-propagation and screen-house environments prevent undue exposure of the resulting tubers to heavy metal toxicity and as such reduces human exposure to heavy metal contaminated foodstuffs.
- Page(s): 128-135
- Date of Publication: 30 January 2020
- ADEGOKE Adeola FlorenceAdegoke Adeola Florence is a graduate of Biology from National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Ibadan Study Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria
- AFOLAYAN Adedotun OnoyinkaAfolayan Adedotun Onoyinka is currently the Head of Tissue Culture Unit of National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Apata, Ibadan, Nigeria
References
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ADEGOKE Adeola Florence, AFOLAYAN Adedotun Onoyinka "Concentration of Heavy Metals in Selected Commercial Dry Yam and Yam Powder Products Sold at Oja Oba and Bodija Market, Ibadan, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.128-135 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/128-135.pdf
The paper considered a SIR epidemic model having saturation terms and disease induced death which were neglected in the previous literature. We determine the basic reproduction number of the modified models by Linearization method. We also investigate the effect of disease induced death by providing Numerical Simulation using Runge-kutta of order 4 method. The results show that saturation term has an appreciable effect than disease induced death on the epidemic model.
- Page(s): 136-139
- Date of Publication: 31 January 2020
- Kolawole, M.K.Department of Mathematical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Ogundeji, O. D. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Popoola, A.O.Department of Mathematical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
References
[1] Adebimpe O., Bashiru K.A., Ojurongbe T.A., (2015): Stability Analysis of an SIR Epidemic Model with Non-linear Incidence rate and treatment, Open Journal of Modeling and Simulation,3, PP 104-110, [2] Ngwa G.A.,Shu W.S.(2000): A mathematical model for endemic with variable human and mosquito population, Math.Comp. Model, 32,PP 747 [3] PathakS. ,Maiti A., and Samanta G.P. (2010):Rich dynamics of an SIR Epidemic model Jornal.model.control,15, PP 71-81. [4] Olaniyi S, Obabiyi O.S.(2013): Mathematical model for malaria transmission dynamics on human and mosquito population with non-linear forces of infectious disease, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics,88, PP 125-150 [5] Kolawole M.K., Olayiwola M.O.(2016): On the Numerical Effect of Saturation Terms on the Susceptible Individual in Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible(SEIRS) Epidemic Model, computing information system Development informatics & Allied Research Journal, 7,Pp 83-90. [6] Kolawole M.K., Olayiwola M.O.(2016): Behavioral Analysis of a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible(SEIRS) Epidemic Model with Saturated Incidence Rate Considering the saturation term for the infected individual, computing information system Development informatics & Allied Research Journal, 7, Pp 47-62. [7] Jiali.(2011): Malaria model with stage-structured mosquitoes. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering,8, PP 753-768. [8] O. Adebimpe and Gbadamosi(2012): Behavioral Dynamics of a SEIV Epidemic Model with non linear Incidence Rate, International Journal of Research and Advancement in physical science, 2, 76. [9] A.J. Abdulrazak, M.O. Ibrahim and I.O.(2012):Usman, A SEIV Vaccination Model with General nonlinear Incidence rate and Waning Preventive Vaccine. IOSR Journal of mathematics, 4, 44-51.
Kolawole, M.K., Ogundeji, O. D. and Popoola, A.O. "Comparison of Saturation Term and Disease Induced in Sir Epidemic Model" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.136-139 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/136-139.pdf
The research is concerned with the development of a mathematical model for estimating the body weight of human beings in relation to some of human body parameters such as; height, waist size, neck size, and shoe size. The model was validated to see whether the model conforms to reality or not. However, the optimization result showed that there is no specific body weight that could be called a maximum or minimum. Emphasis was laid mainly on a particular proportion of Nigerians from the north-east geopolitical zone (as a case study) in order to be able to make generalizations about the entire country and beyond. Hence, the population sample for the research was the Taraba state of Nigeria’s community. Moreover, several recommendations were made at the end of the model analysis, each when adhered to would bring about some medical breakthroughs to the entire human populace.
- Page(s): 140-146
- Date of Publication: 31 January 2020
- Ogwumu, O.D.Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria
- Ogofotha M. O.Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria
- Amakoromo G.I.Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria
- Kyaga T.Y.Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria
- Ezeh A.T.Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria
- Elugah J.I.Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria
References
[1] WHO (World Health Organisation) (1995), Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry, available from: http//www.who.int/childgrowth/publications/physical status/en/index.html [2] American Heart Association, National Institutes of Health and the centres for disease control and prevention. Medi-Weightloss a national physician –supervised weight loss centre [3] NHLBI-2013. Managing overweight and obesity in adult: systematic evidence Review from the obesity Expert panel.http: //www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/ Available:www.nhbi-nih.gov/files/obesity.evidence-review.pdf. [4] Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adult Available: http://www.nhibi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines /ob-gdlns.pdf. [5] Anon (2005) OECD factbook; Economic, Environment and Social Statistics. Organization for Economics Co-operation and Development. ISBN 92-64-01869-7 [6] Haslam D (March 2007) obesity: a medical history “ Obs.Rev.8.Suppl1:31-6 do.101111/ j.1467.789*2007.00314.PMID 17316298 [7] Benyah F. Introduction to epidemiological modelling, 10th regional college work on modelling. Stimulation and optimization , university of Cape Coast ,Ghana. 2008 ;23-51. [8] Ogwumu O.D., Amoo, S.A., Eguda F.Y., Adeyefa E.O., and Abubakar S. (2015), [9] A Mathematical Model for Estimating the Weight of Human Beings Using Some Anthropometric Parameters (A case Study of Taraba State Nigeria’s Community). British Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science 8(2): 147-158, ISSN: 2231-0851. Retrieved on 6th April, 2016, from http://sciencedomain.org/issue/1031 [10] Ogwumu O.D. (2015).MTH328- Introduction to Mathematical Modelling, [11] A lecture note (unpublished) of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria
Ogwumu, O.D., Ogofotha M. O., Amakoromo G.I., Kyaga T.Y., Ezeh A.T. and Elugah J.I. "Modelling the Effect of Shoe-size and Neck-size on Human Weight Model" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.140-146 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/140-146.pdf
In this paper, the behavior of saturation term on malaria transmission was investigated.Basic reproduction number of the modified models was found using next generation matrix. Theorems were also used to prove the disease free and endemic equilibria with Local and Global Stabilities. Numerical Simulation of the effect of the sociological and psychological parameters or other mechanisms was done for both human and vectors using Runge-Kutta of order 4 method. Our results reveal that for proper treatment and eradication of malaria, saturation term and other factors cannot be over emphasized.
- Page(s): 147-151
- Date of Publication: 31 January 2020
- Kolawole, M.K. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Adeniyi, A.A.Department of Mathematical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
References
[1] Mojeeb Al-Rahman, El-Nor Osman and Isaac KwasiAdu (2017):Simple Mathematical Model for Malaria Transmission. Journal of Advances in Mathematics & Computer Science, 25, Pp 1-24. [2] Nita, H, Jyoti Gupta S. (2013):SEIR model and simulation for vector borne diseases, Applied Mathematics. Scientific Research,4 ,Pp 13-17. [3] Combremeskel A.A, Krogstad HE,(2015): Mathematical modeling of endemic transmission, American journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol.3, Pp 36-46. [4] Ngwa G.A., Shu W.S.,(2000): A mathematical model for endemic with variable human and mosquito population, Math.Comp. model, 32,PP 747. [5] PathakS. ,Maiti A., and Samanta G.P.(2010): Rich dynamics of an SIR Epidemic model Jornal.model.control,15, PP 71-81. [6] Olaniyi S, Obabiyi O.S.(2013): Mathematical model for malaria transmission dynamics on human and mosquito population with non linear forces of infectious disease, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics,88, PP 125-150. [7] Kolawole M.K., Olayiwola M.O. (2016): On the Numerical Effect of Saturation Terms on the Susceptible Individual in Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SEIRS) Epidemic Model, computing information system Development informatics & Allied Research Journal, 7,Pp 83-90. [8] Kolawole M.K., Olayiwola M.O. (2016): Behavioral Analysis of a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible(SEIRS) Epidemic Model with Saturated Incidence Rate Considering the saturation term for the infected individual, computing information system Development informatics & Allied Research Journal, 7, Pp 47-62.
Kolawole, M.K. and Adeniyi, A.A. "On The Analysis of Saturation Terms on Mathematical Models for Malaria Transmission" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.147-151 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/147-151.pdf
This paper investigates governing equations for unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic convective oscillatory flow with thermal radiation and soret effect through a semi-infinite vertical permeable moving plate with; one stationary and the other non-stationary embedded in a porous medium via heat absorption. The velocity was maintained at a constant value and the flow was subject to a transverse magnetic field. The computed values obtained from the analytical solution for the velocity temperature, concentration field, skin friction coefficient, Peclet number, Schmidt and Reynolds number with their amplitude and phase are presented graphically. After a suitable transformation of the governing partial differential equations was transformed to ordinary differential equation. These equations were solved analytically by using two-term harmonic and non-harmonic functions. The velocity decreases with increase in Peclet number, the magnetic field parameter whereas reverse trend is seen with increasing the heat generation parameter, radiation parameter, porous parameters, soret number and Grashof numbers. The temperature decreases as the values of Peclet number increases and the reverse is seen by increasing the values of thermal radiation parameter, heat source parameter, the concentration increases as the values of the Peclet number increases, despite increase in radiation and Grashof number, heat transfer remains the same.
- Page(s): 152-166
- Date of Publication: 01 February 2020
- Blessing Chikaodi EleonuFaculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics/Statistics, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola , Port Harcourt, Nigeria
References
[1] Ahmed, S. (2007). “Effects of unsteady free convective MHD flow through a porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical porous plate”. Bull. Cal. Math. Soc. 99(5), 511-522. [2] Alam, M. S. and M. M. Rahman (2005). “Dufour and Soret effects on MHD free convective heat and mass transfer flow past a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium”. J. Naval Architecture and Marine Engng. 2(1), 55–65. [3] Al-Odat, M. Q. and A. Azab (2007). “Influence of chemical reaction on transient MHD free convection over a moving vertical plate”. Emirates J. Engg. Res. 12(3), 15-21. [4] Anghel, M., H. S. Takhar and I. Pop (2000). “Dufour and Soret effects on free-convection boundary layer over a vertical surface embedded in a porous medium”, Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Mathematica, XLV (4), 11–21. [5] Angirasa, D., G. P. Peterson and I. Pop (2007). “Combined heat and mass transfer by natural convection with opposing buoyancy effects in a fluid saturated porous medium”. Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. 40(12), 2755-2773. [6] Anson, M. and Z. hang (2005). “On-site graphics for planning and communicating the use of site space. In Y. Loo (Ed.). Proceedings of the Fifth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, Gold Coast”, Australia 883-888. [7] Chamkha, A. J. and A. R. A. Khaled (2000). “Hydromagnetic combined heat and mass transfer by natural convection from a permeable surface embedded in a fluid saturated porous medium”. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 10(5), 455-477. [8] Chamkha, A. J., A. M. Aly and M. A. Mansour (2010). “Similarity solution for unsteady heat and mass transfer from a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium with suction/injection and chemical reaction effects”. Chemical Engineering Communications 197, 846-858. [9] Cheng, P. and Minkowycz W.K. (2007). The Effect of Surface Mass Transfer on Buoyancy. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Vol 12, Issue 1 Jan – Feb 1985, pages 55 – 65 http:/doi.org/10.1016/0735-1933(85)9007-7. Publisher Elsevier Ltd. [10] China. Ko, I., Y. Ni and Q. Tian (1992). “Hysteretic behavior and empirical modelling of a wirecable vibration isolator”. International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis 7(2), 111-127. [11] Dursunkaya, Z. W. M. (2002). “Work, Diffusion thermo and thermal-diffusion effects in transient and steady natural convection from vertical surface”. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 35(8), 2060–2065. [12] Eckert, E. R. G. and R. M. Drake (2002). Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York. [13] El-Aziz, M. A. (2009). “Radiation effect on the flow and heat transfer over an unsteady stretching sheet”. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 36, 521-524. [14] Elbashbeshy, E. M. A., D. M. Yassmin and A. A. Dalia (2010). “Heat transfer over an unsteady porous stretching surface embedded in a porous medium with variable heat flux in the presence of heat source or sink”, African Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science Research 3(5), 68-73. [15] England W.G. & Emery A.F. (2009). Thermal Radiation Effect on the Laminar convection boundary levery of an absorbing gas. International Journal of Applied and Computational Mathematics June 2017, Vol. 3, Issue 2 pp 1271-1287.. [16] Gebhar (2002). The effects of Viscious Dissipative in Natural convection. World Journal of Machines. Vol. 7 No. 8 August 20, 2002. [17] Gregantopoulos, G.A., Koullias, J., Goudas, C.L and Courogenis C. (2001). Free Convection and Mass Transfer Effect on the Hydromagnetic Oscillatory Flow Pas an Infinite Vertical Porous Plate. Journal of Physics and Mathematics (OJFD), Department of Mathematics, Gauhati University Gauhati, India Ppg 271 -277. [18] Ho, W. (2001). “Nonlinear Analysis of Steel Frames with Semi-Rigid Connections”. Ph.D. thesis, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. Kandasamy, R., K. Periasamy. [19] Israel-Cookey C., Amos Emeka and Nwaigwe C. (2017). Influence of Viscous Dissipation on Unsteady MHD Free Convection Flow Past an Infinite Heated Vertical Plate in Porous Medium with time Dependent Suction. Department of Mathematics/Computer Science, Rivers State University. America Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. [20] Kim (2004). “Heat and mass transfer in MHD micropolar flow over a vertical moving porous plate in a porous medium”. Transport in Porous Media 56(1), 17–37, 2004. [21] Lai F.C. and Kulacki F.A. (2001). Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer by Natural Convection from Vertical Surfaces in a Porous Medium. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, University of Okhihoma, pages 525 – 541 (2001) Vol 196. [22] Paul J. Chambre and Jonathan D. Young (2008). The Diffusion of a Chemically Reactive Species in a Laminar boundary Layer Flow. The physics of fluid 48(1958), page 27, 1322. http:/doi-org/10.1063/1724336. [23] Postelnicu, A. (2004). Influence of a magnetic field on heat and mass transfer by natural convection from vertical surfaces in porous. [24] Raptis A. Massalas A. and Tzivanidis, G. (2002). Hydromagnetic Free Convection Flow through a Porous Medium between two Parallel Plates. Journal of Computers and Fluids pp172 – 178 Vol. 40 Issue 1 Engineering Faculty of Ba-Ali Sina University Po box 65175-4161 Harmedum, Iran Vol 40 (1) Jan 1, 2002. [25] Sivagnana Prabhu, K. K. (2005). “Chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer on MHD flow over a vertical stretching surface with heat source and thermal stratification effects”. Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer 48(21-22), 4557-4561. [26] Soundalgekar, V.M. & Patti, MR. (2000). The Stokes Problem for a Vertical plate with constant heat flux. International Journal for Computational Methods in Engineering Science and Mechanic, 16(2) :00-00 Feb 2015 with 39 reads. University of South Asia – Lahore. Publisher: Taylor & Francis.
Blessing Chikaodi Eleonu "Magnetohydrodynamic Convective Oscillatory Flow with Thermal Radiation and Soret Effect" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.152-166 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/152-166.pdf
This study examines how to determine the steady-state solution of a linear differential equation as a panacea to sustaining Nigerian ailing economy. It further explains the methods of solving a linear differential equation using the separation of variables and integrating factor which produce the same general solution with the applications as in relation to the field of science and engineering. We have used the analytical method to predict the population size over a long period of time. Through the theory which states that over a long period of time, as the independent variables t→∞, the population size will saturate and approach the steady-state value. The results obtained in these are fully presented and discussed.
- Page(s): 167-173
- Date of Publication: 01 February 2020
- Blessing Chikaodi EleonuDepartment of Statistics, Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
References
[1] Arthur, M. and MIT (2003). Ordinary differential Equation. New York: Dover Publications Incorporated. [2] Boyd, S. and Vanderberghe, L. (2004). Introduction to Matrix Methods and Application, Drilllmlls and Sons Publications, Georgia. [3] Canor, M. History of modem Mathematics - Differential..., Geschichte der Mahematik, vol. III. p. 429; and excellent historical view; reviews by Matthews in Nature, vol. LII. p.513. [4] Ekaka-a E. N. (2009). Computational and Mathematical Modeling Lolka Voltera System on Data Set [5] Erwin K. (2006). Advance Engineering Mathematics, 9th Edition, John Willey & Sons Publication Inc. [6] Florida. “McNair Scholars Research Journal. Vol. 1, Article 8. Available at http://www.commons.erau.edu/mcnair/vol.1/1ss1/8 [7] Gabriel N. (2006). Ordinary Differential Equation. Mathematics Department, [8] Gupta B.D. (2010). Mathematical Physics 4th edition. India: Vikas Publishing House PVT LTD [9] Hain B. and Felix B. (1977). Advances in Mathematics 135. 76-144, Article No. A1971713. Ordinary Differential Equation m the 20th Century, Rutgers University, New Brumswick. New Jersey. 08903 (Received September 11, 1997). [10] James Stewart (2008). Single Variable Calculus: 6th Edition, Publisher-Thompson. [11] Lie, S. (1878). Some development in the theory of Ordinary Differential equations, Bulletin. New York: Mathematical Society, Vol. II, p. 119, Grunert’s archive fiir Mathematik, Vol. LIV. [12] Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824. [13] Nse, C.A. (2012) Fundamentals of Differential Equations. Alphabet Nigeria Publisher © Celestin A. Nse 2012 ISBN 978-046-746-7 First Published 2012. [14] Seymour L. and Mac L. (199). Shuaum Outlines of theory and problem of Linear Algebra, Third Edition. McGraw Hill. Inc. New York. [15] Stroud K.A. (2007). Engineering Mathematics 6th Edition Published by PLAGRAVE MACMILLAN Hundmills. Basingstoke. Hampshire RTG21 6 X S AND 175 Fifth Avenue, New York. N Y. 10010 Companies and Representation throughout the world. [16] Stroud, K. A. and Booth, D.J. (2001). Advance Engineering Mathematics. [17] Thomas H. (2000). The theory of Matrices in the 19th Century, retrieved 20, September, 2015, from http: ooglescholar.com. [18] William R.D. and Stanley I.G. (1984). Elementary Differential Equation. Crowtel Publications, Chicago. [19] Zill D.G. (1997). A First Course in Differential Equation with Modeling Application 6th Edition, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Blessing Chikaodi Eleonu "Determining Steady-State Solution, Using First Order Linear Differential Equation" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.167-173 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/167-173.pdf
African Locust beans seeds (Parkia biglobosa) and soy bean seeds (Glycine max) were fermented into iru and soy iru using Bacillus subtilis A2. The proximate and the antinutritional composition of the results obtained for the fermented iru and soyiru are as follows: Fibre (9.8 and 12.26%), Fat (19.6 and 13.62%), Moisture (11.24 and 8.6%), Protein (32.2 and 44.70%), Ash (2.6 and 3.69%) and Carbohydrate (24.56 and 20.82%). The anti-nutrient results showed that tannin ranged from (2.3 and 0.66g/100g), phytate (5.96 and 12.62g/100g), oxalate (3.46 and 1.081g/100g), flavonoids (6.09 and 2.09g/100g) and saponin (1.69 and 1.23g/100g) for the iru and soyiru respectively. It can therefore be concluded that the use of Bacillus subtilis A2exhibit potentials of a starter culture in the fermentation of African locust bean and soy bean to produce iru and soyiru.
- Page(s): 174-176
- Date of Publication: 02 February 2020
- Ibrahim, T.A.Department of Food Science and Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, PMB 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Agbaje, R.B.Department of Food Science and Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, PMB 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Osadare, O.P.Department of Food Science and Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, PMB 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Falusi,V.Department of Science Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, PMB 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Gbadamosi, O.ADepartment of Food Science and Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, PMB 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
References
[1] Aderibigbe, E. Y. and Odunfa, S. A. (1990). Growth and extracellular enzyme production by stains of bacillus species isolated from fermenting African Locust Bean. Iru-J. Applied Bacterious, 69: 662-671. [2] Afolabi, F. T. and Abdulkadri, M. (2016) Biochemical cages and sensory evaluation of soy iru produced using starter culture. British Microbiology Research Journal. 14(6): 1-10. [3] Afolabi, F. T. and Adewolu, A. M. (2014). Monitoring of the microbia profile of soybean (Glycine max) during fermentation for soy iru production. European International Journal of Applied Science and technology. 1: 140-148. [4] Amoa-Awua, W. K. Terlabic, N. N. and Sakyi-Dawson, E. (2006). Scorning of 42 Bacillus isolate for ability to ferment soybeans into dawadawa. International Journal of Food Microbiology 106:343-347. [5] Antai, S. P. and Ibrahim, M. H. (1986). Microorganism Associated with African Locust Bean (Parkia filicoidea welw) Fermentation for “Iru” Production. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 61: 145-48. [6] AOAC. (2000). official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition Association of official Analytical Chemist Washington D.C. 5-10. [7] Farinde, E. Fayisoro, S. B, Obatolu, V. A. and Yusuf, A. A. (2007). Production of Soy Iru Using an Alternative Method of Processing and Fermenting Container. Journal of Biological Science. 7: 61-69. [8] Hu, Y, Ge, C. Yolan, W., Zhu, R. Zhand, W., Due, L. and Xve, J. (2010). Characterization of Fermented Block Soybean Natto Inoculated with Bacillus Natto During Fermentation. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture. 90: 1194-1202. [9] Ikenebomeh, M. J., Kok, R. (1984). Mass Balave of the Processing and Fermentation of the African Locust Bean (parkia biglobosa)J. can Institute of Food Science and technology. 17: 48-50. [10] Obizoba, I. C. and Atii, J. U. (1991). Effects of soaking, sprouting, fermentation and cooking on nutrient composition and some anti-nutritional factors of sorghum (guinesia) seed. [11] Odunfa, S. A. (1985). Biochemical Changes in Fermenting African Locus Bean (Parkia biglobosa) During Iru Fermentation. Journal of Food Technology. 20: 295-303. [12] Okwu, D. E. (2004). Phytochemicals and vitamin content of indigenous spices of South Eastern Nigeria. Journal of sustainable Agric Environment. 6, (1):30-37. [13] Okwu, D. E. and Emenike, I. N. (2006). Evaluation of the phytonutrients and vitamin contents of Citrus fruits. International Journal of Advance Science.2, (1):1-6. [14] Omafuvbe, B. O. and Abiose, S. H. and Shonukan, O. O. (2003). Fermentation of Soybean (Glycine Max) for Soy-Dawadawa Production by Starter Cultures of Bacillus. Food Microbiology 19: 561-566. [15] Ogbadu, L. J. and Okagbue, R. N. (1988). Bacterial Fermentation of Soybean for Iru Production J. Applied bacterialin, 65:353-356. [16] Teng, D. C. (2014). Fermented which Soybeans and Soybean Paste: Hand Book of Food on Beverage Fermentation in Technology Marcel Dekker.
Ibrahim, T.A., Agbaje, R.B.,Osadare, O.P., Falusi,V., Gbadamosi, O.A "Proximate and Antinutrient Composition of Iru Produced from African Locust Beans and Soybeans Using Bacillus subtilis A2 as Starter Culture" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.174-176 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/174-176.pdf
In Africa, deficiency disease due to lack of proteins is common. Under-nutrition in Nigeria is mainly due to poverty, inadequate energy intake as well as protein and micronutrients owing to poor nutrition education. Animal and animal products are very expensive as source of nutrients in developing countries . Discovery of alternative protein sources is a major need in Africa and Nigeria in particular. The food seeds rich in protein particularly legumes could effectively reduce the level of malnutrition. This research, seeks to evaluate the nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics of the Leaves of the Terminalia Catappa. Standard method was adopted to extract the leaves of the plant. The parameters determined includes anti nutritional values such as oxalate 1.50 ± 0.01 mg/100g, phytate 0.45 ± 0.00 mg/100g and hydrogen cyanide 1.10 ± 0.01 mg/100g. and proximate analysis was used to determined the parameters such as ash content 1.2 %, crude protein 0.2%, lipid 40.2%, crude fibre 10.3%, moisture 8.7 %, carbohydrate 39.4% and food energy 520 g/cal. The results indicated that the leaves were very high in carbohydrate, fat, but low in protein, and ash contents with moderate crude fiber levels. This indicates that it could be a good source of oil, carbohydrate.
- Page(s): 177-180
- Date of Publication: 02 February 2020
- Mahmoud A.A.Department of Chemistry, Abuakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria
- Ahmed W.Department of Chemistry, Abuakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria
- Abubakar ADepartment of Chemistry, Abuakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria
- Salim YDepartment of Chemistry, Abuakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria
References
[1] Agbaire,P.O.(2011). Nutritional and Anti nutrition levelsof some local vegetables(vernonmia anyadalira, Mohinot esculenta, Teiferia Occidentalis, Talinum triangulare Amaranthus spinosus). Journal of Applied Science and environmental Management.15(4):625-628. [2] Amaechi, N.C.( 2009). Nutritive and anti-nutritive evaluation of wonderful kola (Buccholzia coricea) seeds. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition.8:1120-1122. [3] Anuforo,P.C., Achi,N.K., Anthony Cemaluk C Egbuonu,A.C.C.,& Egu E.U.(2017). Proximate Analysis and Determination of Some Selected Vitamins and Minerals Contents of Terminalia Catappa Endocarp Flour. Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science. 5 (5):1-4 [4] Association of Official Analytical Chemist, (1995). Official methods of Analysis 13th edit., A.O.A.C., Washington D.C. [5] Association of Official Analytical Chemist, (1990). Official methods of Analysis 13th edit., A.O.A.C., Washington D.C. [6] Chinma, C.E., & Igyor, M.A. (2007). Micronutrients and anti-nutritional contents of selected tropical vegetables grown in South east, Nigeria. Nigerian Food Journal 25(1); 111-116. [7] Deng, G., Chen Shen, Xiang-Rong Xu, Ru-Dan Kuang, Ya-Jun Guo, Li-Shan Zeng, et al., 2012. Potential of fruit wastes as natural resources of bioactive compounds. International journal of Molecular Science.;13(7): 8308–8323. [8] Emmanual,E.E., & Stella, M.A.,(2014). Phytochemical and anti-nutrients evaluation of some wild fruiting polypore macro fungi. Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research.6 (12):792-796. [9] Jones, F.A. and Michael, A.E. (1996). Herbs –useful plants: their role in history and today. European Journal of Gastroenterol Hepatol, 8:1227-1231. [10] Mahoud,A.A. Abubakar Abbas, Adamu,H.M. Yakubu,H. Yushau, S.(2019). Extraction, nutrition and anti-nutritional analysis of oil from Terminalia Mantaly seed. International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research. Vol.1( 2): 28-32. [11] Marcel , A., Bievenu, M.J.( 2012). Proximate, Mineral and Phytochemical Analysis of the Leaves of H. myriantha and Urera trinervis. Pakistan Journal of Biol ogical Science.15 (11): 536-541. [12] Mbah, B. O., Eme P. E., & Eze, C. N.(2013). Nutrient potential of Almond seed (Terminalia catappa) sourced from three states of Eastern Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 8(7), pp. 629-633. [13] Offor, C.E. , Ugwu, P.C., Okechukwu, Aja, P.M.,& Igwenyi, I.O. (2015). Proximate and Phytochemical Analyses of Terminalia catappa Leaves. European Journal of Applied Sciences 7 (1): 09-11. [14] Rosemary, I. U.,& Donatus, E. O.(2012). An Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Nutrient Composition of the Seeds and Stem Bark of Detarium senegalense Gmelin. Joural of Natural Science Research. 2(5):107-112. [15] Ukoha A.I. (2003). Foundation Biochemistry in Basic Biological Sciences. Niger Publishers Ltd., Nsukka. pp. 121-131.
Mahmoud A.A., Ahmed W., Abubakar A, Salim Y "Evaluation of Nutritional and Anti Nutrional Characteristics of Terminalia Catappa Leaves" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.177-180 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/177-180.pdf
Chemical modification is usually carried out to overcome the unstable properties of native starch and improve its physical and chemical properties during processing. In this study, phosphorylation of potato starch was carried out to determine the effect of phosphorylation on solubility and absorbency. Native potato starch was phosphorylated with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) at different percentage. The samples were characterized using FT-IR and SEM analyses. The FT-IR result shows a shift in absorption peak from 1342cm-1 in native starch to 1368cm-1 in the modified product due to the presence of phosphate group. While the SEM analyses shows an irregular oval shapes with smooth surface of different sizes in the native starch and rough surfaces as a result of disruption of ovular shapes. The native starch appeared to be insoluble in all the solvents used, while the phosphorylated starch tend to be slightly soluble in some of the solvents used. Water absorbency initially increases with increase in the phosphate groups present on the starch backbone, however, with more phosphate groups on the backbone (≥25% STPP), there is a noticeable decrease in the absorbency.
- Page(s): 181-185
- Date of Publication: 07 February 2020
- Aliyu Danmusa MohammedDepartment of Chemistry, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, PMB 2218, Katsina, Nigeria
- Abdullah Musa AbduDepartment of Chemistry, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, PMB 2218, Katsina, Nigeria
References
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Aliyu Danmusa Mohammed and Abdullah Musa Abdu "Effect of Phosphorylation on Starch Absorbency and Solubility" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.181-185 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/181-185.pdf
This study was conducted to investigate the black sigatoka disease indices (BSI) of hand and open pollinated 2x and 4x banana and plantain progenies under naturally occurring infection with a view to identifying resistant genotypes and to ascertain how BSI affects vegetative and yield components. Thirty six banana and plantain genotypes, comprising 6 2x and 6 4x parental clones, 6 2x hand pollinated and, 6 2x open pollinated progenies, 6 4x hand pollinated progenies and 6 4x open pollinated progenies were planted using a randomised complete block design with two replications of six plants per genotype. Data collected were total number of leaves produced, number of standing leaves at flowering, number of youngest leaf showing necrotic spots due to black sigatoka disease at flowering, plant height, plant girth, height of tallest following sucker; bunch weight, number of hands per bunch, number of fingers per bunch and yield. Leaf Retention Index (LRI) and Black Sigatoka Index (BSI) were estimated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by LSD test at P ≥ 0.05. There were significant differences (P > 0.05) in total number of leaves, number of standing leaves, number of youngest leaf showing necrotic spots, plant height, plant girth, height of tallest following sucker; bunch weight, number of hands per bunch, number of fingers per bunch and yield by some 2x and 4x parental clones and one or other of their progenies. In tetraploids, plant height was significantly associated with BSI (r = 0.502*), height of tallest following sucker (r = 0.534*), bunch weight (r = 0.551*) and yield (r = 0.477*). The diploids TMB2x 8084-2OP and TMB2x 8084-2HP showed potential of being good black sigatoka resistant genotype whereas high yielding tetraploids with good black sigatoka resistance were parental clones TMP4x 7002-1CL, TMP4x 1658-4CL and TMP4x 7152-2CL.
- Page(s): 186-193
- Date of Publication: 09 February 2020
- Victoria WILSONDepartment of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Abdou TENKOUANOExecutive Director of CORAF /West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development, Dakar Senegal
References
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Victoria WILSON, Abdou TENKOUANO "Black Sigatoka Disease Indices and Responses of Hand & Open Pollinated Diploid & Tetraploid Banana & Plantain Genotypes" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.186-193 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/186-193.pdf
The commitment of members of savings and credit cooperative societies in Anambra State appear to be low because of seemingly poor support they receive from the cooperatives. Hence, this study examined the relationship between Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Membership Commitment to savings and credit cooperative societies in Anambra State. The work was anchored on Organizational Support Theory (OST). The population of the study was 559 and the sample size was 233 arrived at using Taro Yamani formula. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire while the analysis was carried out using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at 5% level of significance. The result indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between Skill Development Programs and Members Affective Commitment to savings and credit cooperative societies in Anambra State (r = .922 p-value < 0.05). It was concluded that perceived organizational support (POS) has a statistically significant relationship with membership commitment to savings and credit cooperative societies in Anambra State. Hence, it was recommended that the savings and credit cooperative societies in Anambra State should look into designing skill acquisition programs through conferences, seminars and workshops as this will increase the knowledge, skills and abilities of the members and make them more committed to the cooperatives.
- Page(s): 194-201
- Date of Publication: 09 February 2020
- Gerald EmejuluDepartment of Cooperative Economics and Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria
- Blessing Mary EjumahDepartment of Cooperative Economics and Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria
References
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(2001). “A Social influence analysis of perceived organizational support”, university of Pittsburgh, 7. [39] Zheng, W, Sharan, K & Wei, J 2010, 'New Development of Organizational Commitment: A Critical Review (19602009)'. African Journal Of Business Management 4(1), 12-20.
Gerald Emejulu, Blessing Mary Ejumah "Perceived Organizational Support and Membership Commitment to Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Anambra State, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.194-201 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/194-201.pdf
This research was conducted to assess the water quality of Ajali River in Enugu state. The weighted arithmetic water quality index was calculated by combination of the required physicochemical parameters which are, pH, temperature, E.C, turbidity, T.D.S, T.SS, T.H, BOD, DO, alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, and chloride. The River was sampled monthly from January 2017 to June 2017 and parameters analyzed according to APHA standard methods. The mean values for temperature from April to June ranging from 30.3 to 32.1 is higher than the permissible limit recommended by WHO thereby making Ajali River slightly polluted. Also, D.O. mean values 7.47, 7.01, and 5.17 for January, February and March respectively were all higher than the WHO recommended standard values. Except the above mentioned parameters, the mean values of all parameters tested were within the WHO recommended standard limits. The overall water quality index values are 38.566, 43.755, 57.7, 59.80, 60.55, and 62.39 for January, February, March, April, May, and June respectively. These values show that water is least deteriorated in the months of January and February signifying a grade of B which is good and highly deteriorated as the months progress with a grade of C which is poor. The result of the analysis showed that the river gets polluted as the rainy season approaches and the water thus is not safe for drinking and domestic use. It is recommended that effective treatment measures should be applied to augment the river water quality.
- Page(s): 202-209
- Date of Publication: 09 February 2020
- Irene O. EbohDepartment of Chemistry, Eastern Palm University, Ogboko Imo State, Nigeria
- N.H. OkoyeDepartment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria
- E.J. EmekaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Hezekiah University, Umudi Imo State, Nigeria
- N.G. EzeokoyeDepartment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria
References
[1] Addo, M.A., Okley, G.M., Affum, H.A., Acquah, S., Gbadageo, L.K. and Senu, J.K. (2011). Level of Some Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments of Kpeshie Lagoon, La-Accra, Ghana. Research Journal of Environment and Earth Science. 3(5): 487-497 [2] Agbazue, V.E., Ewoh, J.C., Madu, C.N., Ngang, B.U., Otuu, F.C., Ezeasor, C.I. and Nnadi, V.E. (2017). Comparative Analysis of Physiochemical and Micorbial Parameters of Water Samples from Oro-Obor and Ayo Rivers in Enugu South, Enugu State Nigeria. Journal of Applied Chemistry. 10(9): 59-54 [3] Aremu, M.O.,Atolaye, B.O., Shagye, D., and Moumouni, A. (2007). Determination of Trace Metals in Tilapia Zilli and Clarias Lazera Fishes Associated with Water and Soil Sediment from River Nasarawa In Nasarawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Multi Resource, 3[1]: 159-168 [4] Ami, G.and Arvind, S., R (2014). Water Quality Index of Machi River, Vadodara, Gujarat. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research. 3(1): 3214-3219. [5] APHA. (1998) American Public Health Association. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water Examination. 16th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C, U.S.A. [6] Edimeh, P.O., Eneji, I.S., Oketunde, O.F.and Sha'Ator, R. (2011). Physiochemical Parameters and Some Heavy Metals Content of River Inacholo and River Niger in Idah, Kogi State. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria. 36[1]: 95-101. [7] Eyankware, M.O and Obasi, P.N (2014). Physicochemical Analysis of Water Resources in selected Part of Oji River and Its Environment, Enugu State, South Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research. 10(1): 171-178 [8] Etim, E.E., Odoh, R., Itodo, A.U., Umor, S.D., and Lawal, U.M. (2013). WaterQuality Index for the Assessment of Water Quality from Different Sources in the Niger Delta Regional of Nigeria. Frontiers in Science, volume 3[3]: 89-95 [9] Environmental Protection Agency (2001). Parameters of Water Quality. Environmental Protection Agency. http://doi.org/10.1017/CB09781107415324.004. Acessed: 23/05/2018 [10] Fakayode, S.O., (2005). Impact Assessment of Industrial Effluent on Water Quality of the receiving Alaro River in Ibadan. Ageam-Ragel 10: 1-3. [11] Igbal, J., Mumtaz, M., Mukhtar, J., Igbal, T., Mahmood, S.and Rasaq, A. (2010). Particle Size Distribution Analysis and Physiochemical Characterization of Chenab River Water at Marala Head Works, Pakistan. Journal of Botany. 42[2]: 1153-1161. [12] Mass, E.V. (1990). Crop Salt Tolerance Inc. Agricultural Assessment and Management Manual. Tanji, K.K. (Ed). ASCE, New york. 262-304. [13] Matter, G. (2014). A Study on Physiochemical characteristics to assess the Pollution Status of River Ganga in Uttarakhand. 7[3]: 210-217. [14] Murugesan, A., Ramu, A and Kanna, N. (2006). Water Quality Assessment from Uthamapalayam Municipality in Theni District. Tamid Nadu, India. Pollution Research. 25:163-166 [15] Namrata, S. (2010). Physiochemical Properties of Polluted Water of River Ganga at Varanasi. International Journal of Energy and Environment. 1(5): 823- 832. [16] Orakwue, F.C., Ojiako, E.N. and Ezelioha, N.C. (2011). Physiochemical Studies and Bacteriological Assay of Rural water Resources (Boreholes) in Unubi, Nnewi South Local Government of Anambra State, Nigeria. Anachem Journal 5[1]: 964-968. [17] Otukune, T.V and Biukwu, C.O (2005). Impact of Refinery Effluent on Physicochemical Properties of a water body on Niger Delta. Journal of Applied Ecology Environmental Resources. 3:61-72 [18] Okeke, O.C., Okeke, A.U.G., Mmuo, V.E., Okoye, O.G and Chime B.C. (2013). Quality Assessment of Ground Water from Shallow Aquifier in Awka Town, Anambra State. 8th Annual International Conference. Anachem Exhibition. 1-5. [19] Ogbu, K.C., Ebenebe, C.I., and Abajaue, M.C., (2016). Physicochemical Characteristics of Ama Brewery Effluent and its receiving Ajali River in Udi, Enugu State. Research International. 13(2): 135-140 [20] Osunkiyesi, A.A.(2012). Physicochemical Analysis of Ogun River within Two Locations (Akin-Olugbadeand Lafenwa) in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Chemistry 1(4): 24-27. [21] Patil, V.and Parikh, P. (2013). Assessment of Seasonal Variation in Water Quality of River Mini, at Sindihrot, Vodora, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 3(5): 1424- 1436. [22] WHO (2011). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2011/dwg_chapters/en/.: 27/05/2018. [23] Yogendra, K., Puttaiah, E.T, (2008. Determination of Water Quality Index and Suitability of an urban water body in Shimoga town, India. Proceedings of Taal: The 12TH World Lake Conference.
Irene O. Eboh, N.H. Okoye, E.J. Emeka, N.G. Ezeokoye "Determination of Water Quality Index and Seasonal Variation of the Physicochemical Properties of Ajali River, Enugu State" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.202-209 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/202-209.pdf
Numerous researchers have recently based efforts on the weight of repeated neutral networks through the creation of efficient algorithms, primarily to optimized schemes. For feed forward network, the learning algorithm can become stuck in local minima during gradient descent. This research focuses on recurrent neural networks, local minima in neural networks, optimal learning in the case of feedforward networks, the local minimum is a real question in deeper neural learning and the case of Digital Dividing.
- Page(s): 210-217
- Date of Publication: 11 February 2020
- Ochonogor DonpaulDepartment of Computer Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Rivers State, Nigeria
- Elebra CharityDepartment of Computer Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Friday E.OnuoduDepartment of Computer Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
References
[1] Cantu-paz, E., Kamath, C. (2005): “An Emperical Comparison of Combination of Evolutionary Algorithm and Neural Networks for Classification Problems”. In: IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B, 915-927 [2] Ferrari, S., Stengel, R.F. (2005): ”Smooth Function Approximation Using Neural Networks”. In: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 24-38. [3] Frasconi, p., Gori, M., and Tesi A. (2000): “Successes and Failures of Backpropagation: A Theoritical Investigation,”.Chapter in Progress in Neural Networks, Ablex Publishing, Omid Omidvar (Ed.), in press [4] Fukumizu, K., Amari, S. (1999): ” Local Minima and Plateaus in Multilayer Neural Networks”. In: 9th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, 597-602 [5] Graves, A., Liwicki, M., Fernandez, S., Bertolami, R., Bunke, H., Schmidhuber, J. (2009): “A Novel Connectionist System for Improved Unconstrained Handwriting Recognition”( PDF). IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.31(5):855-868. citeseerX10.1.1.139.4502. doi:10.1109/tpami. PMID 19299860. [6] Jordanov, I.N., Rafik, T.A. (2004): “Local Minima Free Neural Networks Learning”. In 2nd International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Systems, 34-39 [7] Li, Xiangang; Wu, Xihong (2014). "Constructing Long Short-Term Memory based Deep Recurrent Neural Networks for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition". arXiv:1410.4281 [cs.CL]. [8] Miljanovic, Milos. (2012): “Comparative Analysis of Recurrent and Finite Impulse Response Neural Networks in Time Series Prediction”. (PDF) Indian Journal of Computer and Engineering. 3(1). [9] Sak, Hasim; Senior, Andrew; Beaufays, Francoise (2014). "Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural network architectures for large scale acoustic modeling" (PDF). [10] Sexton, R.S., Gupta, J.N.D. (2000): “Comparative Evaluation of Genetic Algorithm and backpropagation for Training Neural Networks”. In: Information Sciences, 45-59 [11] Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper, L.G., Boers, E.J.W. (1999): “A Local Minimum fo the 2-3-1 XOR Network”. In: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 968-971 [12] Toh, K.A. (2003): “Deterministic Global Optimization for FNN Traning”. In: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, part b, 977-983 [13] https://universalflowuniversity.com/Books/Computer%20Programming/Machine%20Learning%20and%20Deep%20Learning/Fundamentals%20of%20Deep%20Learning_%20 Designing%20NextGeneration%20Machine%20Intelligence%20 Algorithms.pdf [14] https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/203288/understanding-almost-all-local- minimum-have-very- [15] Goodfellow et al (2014)“Avoididing local minima problem in backpropagationalgorithem” In: IEEE Transactions on Systems on neural networks.
Ochonogor Donpaul, Elebra Charity and Friday E.Onuodu "Identification of the Challenges of Local Minima in Recurrent Neural Networks" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.210-217 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/210-217.pdf
The optimal condition for quantitative release of monomeric sugars such as xylose, glucose and arabinose from corn cob biomass were investigated. In this study, acid hydrolysis using dilute sulfuric acid was adopted for liquefaction of the biomass under different conditions. Experimental parameters such as acid concentration (0.4 %w/v, 0.6 %w/v and 4 %w/v), particle size (1.11μm, 1.14 μm and 1.17 μm), reaction temperature (80 0C, 100 0C and 120 0C) and contact time (45 min, 60 min and 120 min) were varied in order to establish the best hydrolysis conditions for the release of sugars as well as conditions under which emergence of sugar degradation products (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were minimal. The concentration of the monomeric sugars at each run of the hydrolysis was evaluated using a dual wavelength Uv-visible spectrophotometer. The effects of the hydrolysis on surface morphology and structural composition of the pre-hydrolysed and post-hydrolysed biomass were monitored using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transformed Infra Red (FTIR) Spectrophotometer. From the hydrolysis experiments, the optimal reaction conditions for quantitative recovery of xylose, glucose and arabinose were obtained with 4 %w/v sulfuric acid, 120 0C, reaction temperature, 2 h reaction time and 1.11 μm particle size of the biomass. The hydrolysate was fermented for ethanol production using in-house yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisea) generated from waste fruits. The FTIR spectrum of the fermented liquor showed the product obtained was an alcohol. The result of this study showed corn cob as a promising feed stock for biofuel production.
- Page(s): 218-225
- Date of Publication: 11 February 2020
- Adejoju Omodolapo AdedaraDepartment of Chemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704,Akure, Nigeria
- Olayinka Helen OgunsuyiDepartment of Chemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704,Akure, Nigeria
- Satyavolu JagannadhConn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
References
[1] A.O.A.C., (2001). Official Method of Analysis Protein (crude) in animal feed, forage (Plant tissue), grain and oil seeds. AOAC International. Gaithersbury, MD(USA): Association of Analytical Communities. p 11 [2] Aguilar, R., Ramirez, J. A., Garrote, G. and Vazquez, M. (2002). Kinetic study of the acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse. J. Food Eng., 55, 309–318. [3] Armanul N., Shafkat S., Rahman M., Mahboob H. and Naiyyum C. (2016). Isolation of saccharomycescerevisiae from pineapple and Orange and study of metal’s effectiveness on ethanol Production. European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology 7(1). [4] Chen W.H., Pen B.L., Yu C.T. and Hwang W.S. (2011). Pretreatment efficiency and structural characterization of rice straw by an integrated process of dilute-acid and stream explosion for bioethanol production. Bioresource Technology, 102, 2916–2924. [5] Cherubini, F., (2010). The biorefinery concept: Using biomass instead of oil for producing energy and chemicals. Energy Conversion and Management, 51(7):1412-1421. [6] Chi, C., Chang, H., Li, Z.,Jameel, H., and Zhang Z., (2013).Sugar analysis of hydrolysates.BioResources 8(1), 172-18. [7] Eddy F., Derademaeker M., Bruno S. and Buratti S. (2013). Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industry. International Symposium on Chemical engineering transactions. Florence, Italy. Milano, (31), 943-948. [8] Douglas, S. G. (1981). A rapid method for the determination of pentosans in wheat flour. Journal of Food Chem. 7(2), 139-145. [9] FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), (2016). Aquatic Biofuels Working Group Review paper. Alage-based biofuels and co-products. FAO publications, ISBN 978-92-5-106623-2. [10] Gamez, S., Gonzales-Cabriales, J.J., Ramirez, J.A., Garrote, G. and Vazquez, M. (2006). Study of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using phosphoric acid. J. Food Eng., 74, 78–88. [11] Heiningen, A., (2006). Converting a kraft pulp mill into an integrated forest biorefinery. Pulp Pap. Canada 107(6), 38-43. [12] Heuze V, Tran G, Boval M, Lebas F, Lessire M, Noblet J & Renaudeau D., (2016). Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Feedipedia.org. A programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. http://www.feedipedia.org/node/275. [13] Jansen, C., (2012). Breeding for cob traits in maize. Iowa State University, Graduate. Thesis. Dissert Paper 12982. [14] Kuhad, R.C. and Singh, A., (1993). Lignocellulose Biotechnology: Current and Future Prospects Critical. Rev. Biotechnol., 13, 151-172. [15] Liang, L. N., Zhang, P., Cai, Y. Q., and Mou, S. F. (2006). High-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection for simultaneous determination of monosaccharides and uronic acids. Chinese Journal of Anal. Chem. 34(10), 1371-1374. [16] Neureiter, M., Danner,H., Thomasser,C., Saidi, B., Braun, R. (2002).Dilute-acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse at varying conditions. Journal of Appllied. Biochem. Biotechnol. 9(98), 49-58. [17] Ogunsuyi H.Oand Badiru A. (2016).Production and Chemical evaluation of Bioethanol derived from White Cocoyam (ColocasiaAntiquorium) and Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea Batatas) cultivars.International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, (1) 7,209-210 [18] Pattra, S., Sangyoka, S., Boonmee, M. and Reungsang, A., (2008). Biohydrogen production from the fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by Clostridium butyricum. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 33, 5256–5265. [19] Perlack, R.D., Wright, L.L, Turhollow, A.F., Graham, R.L., Stokes, B.J., Erbach, D.C. (2005). Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply. U.S. DOE, USDA and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. [20] Pessoa, A., Mancilha, M., Sato, S. (1996).Cultivation of Candida tropicalis in sugar cane hemicellulosichydrolyzate for microbial protein production. Journal of Biotechnology, 1(51), 83-88. [21] Scott, T. A. and Melvin, E. H. (1953). Determination of dextran with anthrone. Journal of Anal.Chem. 25(11), 1656-1661 [22] Smil V., (2005). Energy at the crossroads: Global perspectives and uncertainties, MIT Press, Cambridge, UK. [23] Thailand (2005).Input-output table of Thailand. Publication of National Economic and Social Development Board, Bangkok; 205. [24] Tomas-Pejo, E., Oliva, J.M., Gonzalez, A., Ballesteros, I. and Ballesteros M., (2009). Bioethanol production from wheat straw by the thermotolerant yeast KluyveromycesmarxianusCECT 10875 in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation fed-batch process. J. Fuel, (88) 2142–2147. [25] Torget, P. Walter, M. Himmel, K. Grohmann, (1991). Dilute-Acid Pretreatment of Corn Residues and Short-Rotation Woody Crops. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnology, 28/29, 75-86. [26] Zaldivar, J., A. Martinez, L. O. Ingram, (2000). Effect of alcohol compounds found in hemicellulose hydrolysate on the growth and fermentation of ethanologenicEscherichia coli.Biotechnol. Bioeng.(68), 524-530.
Adejoju Omodolapo Adedara, Olayinka Helen Ogunsuyi, Satyavolu Jagannadh "Quality Assessment of Corn Cob Monomeric Sugars for Biofuel Production" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.218-225 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/218-225.pdf
The purpose of this study is to synthesized complexes of Mn and Zn with Quercetin and Gallic acid as ligands using reported procedure and characterized using IR, UV, AAS and Micro Analysis techniques. The purity of the complexes was monitored and analyze using TLC, Melting point, Conductivity measurement and Solubility test and the complexes were evaluated for antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. All the complexes are of good yield, colored, air stable, non hygroscopic, non electrolyte and partially soluble in organic solvent but soluble in DMF. The statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA show that all the complexes are strong free radical scavengers compares to the parent ligands at all the concentration tested but Zn complex at 6.25 µg/ml and 12.5 µg/ml showed better scavenging activity than the standard Ascorbic Acid (VIT. C). The EC50 regressional output shows that complex of Zn is found to be more portent than the other investigated compounds. On the basis of the above described studies an octahedral geometry has been proposed for the complexes.
- Page(s): 226-231
- Date of Publication: 12 February 2020
- Hassan B. YesufuDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Salihu Alhaji MusaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Garba T. MohammedDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Mohammed B. FuguDepartment of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
References
[1] Annapurna M. M., Bhanoji Rao M.E. and Ravi Kumar B.V.V. (2006). Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Evaluation of Pharmacodynamic Activity of Copper and Complexes of Ethambutol Dihydrochloride, E-J Chem. 3 (13): 274 - 277 [2] Afanas'ev, I. B., A. I. Dorozhko, A. V. Brodskii, V. A. Kostyuk, and A. I. Potapovitch (1989). Chelating and free radical scavenging mechanisms of inhibitory action of rutin and quercetin in lipid peroxidation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 38: 1763 - 1769. [3] Foti, M. C., Daquino, C., DiLabio, G. A. (2011) Kinetics of the oxidation of quercetin by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph•). Org Lett. 13, 4826-4829. 541. [4] Halliwell, B., (1978). Superoxide-dependent formation of hydroxyl radicals in the presence of iron chelates: Is it a mechanism for hydroxyl radical production in biochemical systems? FEBS Lett. 92, 321-326. [5] Hajji H. E., E. Nkhili, V. Tomao, O. Danglas, (2006). Interactions of quercetin with iron and copper ions: complexation and autoxidation. Free. Rad. Res. 40, 303-310. [6] Ibrahim, SA., Shaker, AM., Ismail, NM., Mahmoud, MR., (1995). Mixed ligands complexes of Ni(ii), Th(iv) and Vo(ii) with some benzoic acid derivatives and amino acids. Chem. Abst. 122: 1028. [7] Korkina, (2001). Enhancement of antioxidant and anti-inflammtory activities of bioflavonoid rutin by complexation with transition metal, Biochem. Pharmacol. 61, 677- 684. [8] Khan SA, Rasool N, Riaz M, Nadeem R, Rashid U, Rizwan K, Zubair M, Bukhari IH, Gulzar T. (2013).Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Studies of Clerodendrum inerme. Asian J Chem; 13: 7457-7462. [9] Malešev, D. and KunV. KuntIc,. (2007). Investigation of metal–flavonoid chelates and the determination of flavonoids via metal–flavonoid complexing reactions. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (10): 921 – 939 [10] Nilanjan, Ghosh,, Tania Chakraborty., Sougata, Mallick., (2015).Synthesis, characterization and study of antioxidant activity of quercetin–magnesium complex，Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 151, 807-813. [11] Ogunniran K.O., Ajanaku K.O., James O.O., Ajani O.O., Nwinyi C.O., Allansela. (2008). Fe(iii) and Co(ii) complexes of mixed antibiotics: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial potential and their effect on alkaline phosphatase activities of selected rat tissues. Int. J. Phys. Sci. 3(8): 177-182. [12] Patel K. B., Kharadi G. J., Vyas K. B. and Nimavat K. S. (2012). Int. J. Pharma. Res. Scholars, 1(2), 474 [13] Pavia; D. L. Lampman G. M. and Kriz, G. S., (2001) ''Introduction to Spectroscopy'' third edition; Thomson United States. [14] Shivakumar K., Shashidhar, P. Vithal Reddy, M.B. Halli, (2008) J. Coord. Chem., 61: 2274. [15] Thompson K.H. and Orvig C., (2006). Concepts and Models in Bioinorganic Chemistry. In: Kraatz HB, Metzler-Nolte N (eds.), Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, p: 25. [16] Van Acker S., G. P. van Balen, B. van der Berg, W. J. F. van der Vijgh, (1998). Influence of iron chelation on the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Biochem. Pharmacol. 56, 935-943
Hassan B. Yesufu, Salihu Alhaji Musa, Garba T. Mohammed, Mohammed B. Fugu "Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Metal (II) Complexes of Gallic Acid and Quercetin" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.226-231 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/226-231.pdf
The research aims at evaluating compositional heterogeneity of biomarkers in crude oils from Eric Field by means of biomarker parameters and ratios. Four oil samples were obtained from Eric Field Off-shore Niger Delta Nigeria. The oils were studied by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to obtain information on origin, occurrence, environment of deposition and thermal maturity. The thermal maturity parameter calculated from GC/GC-MS analysis ranges from Ts/Ts+Tm (0.42-0.17), C3122S/C3122S+22R (0.51-0.53), C31/C32-C34 and C30Ol/C30Ol+C30H (0.16-0.590). Biomarker parameters and ratios calculated shows that the studied oil is from clay-rich organic matter input, deposited under suboxic-oxic condition with high marine organic material input and low mixed organic material input. The lateral thermal maturity gradient indicates that the source rock is uniformly matured from North to South, these suggests high prospectivity from North to South of the Field. The Field section within the study area indicates variation in oil water contact due to faulting and tectonic activities. Assessment of compositional variation in these oil samples using biomarker ratios and parameters revealed compositional heterogeneity. And this suggests that the reservoir is compartmentalized, and the fluids are not communicating.
- Page(s): 232-236
- Date of Publication: 14 February 2020
- Eric U. EcheCentre for Petroleum Geosciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Abrakasa SeleghaDepartment of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Nnamdi J. AjahCentre for Petroleum Geosciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Joshua O. MeneDepartment of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Kenechukwu O. EzebialuCentre for Petroleum Geosciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Anthony B. SunebariCentre for Petroleum Geosciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Frank A. Diete- SpiffCentre for Petroleum Geosciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
References
[1] Pedersen, J. (2002).Typical oils, Unusual Condensates and Bitumensof the NorwegianContinental Shelf: an organic geochemical study, and. Scient. Thesis in Geology,Department of Geology, University of Oslo. [2] Abrakasa, S. and Mohammad, A. B. (2011). Organic Geochemistry Assessment of the Source Depositional Environment and Migration Trend of oils in the Nembe Creek E 1.0 and Kolo Creek E 2.0 Reservoirs, Archives of Applied Sciences Research. [3] Abrakasa, S. (2006). Newly identified Molecular Marker Compound in Some Nigerian oils. Nigeria Journal of Chemical Research. [4] Peters, K.E., Walters, C. C. and J. M. Moldowan (2005). The biomarker guide: biomarkers and isotopes in the environment and human history (2nd edition). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. [5] Yassar, M. M., Rania, E. M. (2012). Biomarkers, chromatography and its Applications, Dr. Sasikumar Dhanarasu. [6] Peters, K. E., and Moldowan, J. W. (1993). The Biomarker Guide Interpreting Molecular Fossilsin Petroleum and Ancient Sediments, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. [7] Peters, K.E., Walters, C. C. and J. M. Moldowan (2005). The biomarker guide: biomarkers and isotopes in the environment and human history (2nd edition). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. [8] Peters K. E, Moldowan JM (1991): Effects of source, thermal maturity, and biodegradation on the distribution and isomerization of homohopanes in petroleum. Org Geochem. [9] Tuttle, M.L., Brownfeld, M.E., and Charpentier, R.R., (1999). Tertiary Niger Delta (Akata-Agbada) Petroleum System (701901), Niger Delta Province, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea: U.S. Geological Survey. [10] Seifert, W. K. and Moldowan, J. M. (1978). Applications of steranes, terpanes and monoaromatics to the maturation, migration and source of crude oils.
Eric U. Eche, Abrakasa Selegha., Nnamdi J. Ajah, Joshua O. Mene, Kenechukwu O. Ezebialu, Anthony B. Sunebari, Frank A. Diete- Spiff "Compositional Heterogeneity of Hopanoid in Crude Oil: A Case Study of Selected Wells from Eric Field, Niger Delta Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.232-236 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/232-236.pdf
Indonesia has officially stepped up to Intellectual Property Rights since 2000 marked by the Agreement on the Establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The protection provided by Law Number 15 Year 2001 regarding Trademarks for well-known brands is a recognition of the success of brand owners in creating an exclusive image of their products obtained through advertising or selling their products directly. The rules in the implementation are expected to be effective, as developments are very fast, problems are always followed by legal aspects in taking action or as a guide. Legal protection for brand owners is important because there are many cases of violations of well-known brands both domestically and abroad that are carried out by irresponsible parties which is very detrimental to the owner of the famous trademark. Legal protection for legitimate trademark owners is regulated in the Trademark Law which is intended to provide exclusive rights for the trademark owner. The rules in the implementation are expected to be effective, as developments are very fast, problems are always followed by legal aspects in taking action or as a guide. Legal protection for brand owners is important because there are many cases of violations of well-known brands both domestically and abroad that are carried out by irresponsible parties which is very detrimental to the owner of the famous trademark. Legal protection for legitimate trademark owners is regulated in the Trademark Law which is intended to provide exclusive rights for the trademark owner
- Page(s): 237-241
- Date of Publication: 14 February 2020
- Putri Maha DewiFaculty of Law, Surakarta University, Surakarta, Indonesia
References
[1] HarsonoAdisumarto, (1990). HakMilikIntelektualKhususnya Paten Dan Merek, HakMilikPerindustrian (Industri Property). Jakarta: AkademikaPressindo. [2] Barton Beebe BenajminN. A Defense of the New Federal Trademark Antidilution Law, Volume 16 Volume XVI Number 4 Volume XVI Book 4, 7 September 2006, Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal Journal. [3] https://kliklegal.com/lima-kasus-merek-terkenal-di-pengadilan-indonesia/,diunduhtanggal 18 Januari 2019.pukul 13.00 WIB [4] Ronny HanitjoSoemitro, (1990). MetodePenelitianHukumdanJurimetri.Jakarta:Ghalia Indonesia. [5] SoerjonoSoekantodan Sri Mamudji, (2001).PenelitianHukumNormatif (SuatuTinjauanSingkat). Jakarta: RajawaliPers. [6] H.Zainuddin Ali, (2011). MetodePenelitianHukum. Jakarta: SinarGrafika. [7] Sedarmayanti & SyarifudinHidayat, (2002). MetodologiPenelitian. Bandung: MandarMaju. [8] Johny Ibrahim, (2007). MetodedanPenelitianHukumNormatif. Malang: Bayumedi. [9] An Qinghu, Well-Known Mark & China’s System Of Well-Known Mark Protation, Official Journal of the International Trademark Association, Vol.95 No.3 May-June, 2005, pp.705 [10] Arpan Banerjee, Goodwill In Passing Off Actions: In Search Of Balance, The Law Review of the Franklin Pierce Center for Intellectual Property-IDEA, Volume 59 IDEA(1), 2018, pp 1-23 [11] Syafrinaldi, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Syed Zahirruddin Syed Zakaria, MohdTalib Latif, Intellectual property rights: A challenge for Indonesian trademark law, information (Japan), Volume 19 number (6A), 2016, pp. 1711-1718.
Putri Maha Dewi "Intellectual Property Right Law Aspects of Tradition of Trademarks Passing Off Comparative Study of Brand's Law in Investment in Indonesia" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.237-241 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/237-241.pdf
This work was aimed at analyzing the suitability of Banana Peels Ash (BPA) and Plantain Peels Ash (PPA) as bio-enhancers to optimize pH and viscosity in Water-Based drilling Mud (WBM). It was recorded that PPA increased the pH of WBM from 9.00 to 10.00, 10.80, and 11.75 while BPA was 9.98, 10.66, and 11.42 compared to caustic soda of 13.42, 13.60, and 13.76, this corresponds to 2g, 4g, and 8g of the additives respectively. The result for all cases was greater than the API 13B standard requirement of 9.5.Furthermore, evaluating the effect of the bio-enhancers on viscosity of the drilling mud sample, it was verified that BPA increased the WBM viscosity from 7.00cP to 11.50 cP, 19.00cP and 32.50cP at 300RPM Rheometer speed. At 600 RPM, viscosity increased from 9.00cP to 12.50 cP, 20.50 cP and 35.00 cP for 2g, 4g, and 8g of BPA respectively. In a similar way, PPA increased the viscosity of WBM from 7.00cP to 13.00 cP, 16.00cP and 38.5cP for 300RPM, also from 9.00 cP to 14.00 cP, 18.00cP and 40.00 cP at 600RPM corresponding to 2g, 4g, and 8g of PPA respectively. These results show that both BPA and PPA additives are good viscosifiers and pH bio-enhancers for the formulation of water-based drilling mud.
- Page(s): 242-247
- Date of Publication: 14 February 2020
- Abdulmaliq AbdulsalamDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria
- Michael OkechukwuDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria
- Kenneth OlukotunDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria
- Qudus OnagunDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
References
[1] Chibudike, E. E., & Chiedu, L. E. (2015). Modeling the Effect of KCl Inhibition on the Rheological properties of Shale Contaminated Water Based Mud. Petroleum & Coal, 57(2), 194-198. [2] Wang, H. H. (2003). Corrosion Resistance of Drilling Pipe Detection Method and Corrosion Method, Technical Standard for Drilling Fluid. Petroleum Industry Press, (3), 9-12. [3] https://www.ncdmb.gov.ng(Accessed December, 2019). [4] Ogolo, O. (2014). The Suitability of Ripe Banana Peels as a Water Based Drilling Mud pH Enhancer. MSc. Research Project. University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria. [5] Boniface, O.A., & Kinigoma, B. (2011). Performance of Indigenous Materials as pH Control Agents to Minimize Corrosion Caused by Water Based Mud to Drilling Equipment”. Journal of Sciences and Multidisciplinary Research. Volume 3, Pg. 1-8. [6] Adebowale, A., & Raji, J. K. (2015). Local Content Supplements as an Alternative to Imported Corrosion Control Additive for Drilling Mud Treatment (A Case Study of the Use of Burnt Plantain and Banana Peels). Proceedings of the International Academic Conference for Sub-Sahara African Transformation and Development, Vol.3 No. 4. [7] Oloro, J. (2018). Comparative Study of Mud Treating Agents. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 3(1), 203 – 210. [8] Rajesh, K., Preethi, Majid, S., Savi, A., Khan, M., & Khan, R. (2017). Determination of Effect Bentonite and Additives on Drilling Fluids. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES), 6(3), 22- 28. [9] Osokogwu, U., Joseph, A. A., & Andrew, N. O. (2014). Evaluating the Effects of Additives on Drilling Fluid Characteristics. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 3(6), 676-687. [10] EGASPIN, 2002. Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria. Environmental Studies Unit, Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), Lagos.
Abdulmaliq Abdulsalam, Michael Okechukwu, Kenneth Olukotun & Qudus Onagun "Analysis of Bio-enhancers for pH and Viscosity Control in Drilling Fluid Systems" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.242-247 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/242-247.pdf
The study examined the determinant of professional growth of employees in Nigerian banking institution. The population of the study consisted of 432 staff of the selected banks in Uyo metropolis. Stratified sampling techniques were used to select 148 respondents out of the population. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The instrument was validated by two experts in evaluation and Test. Data from 148 completed questionnaire forms were subjected to PMC analysis. the findings showed that training and membership with professional body has a remarkable relationship with professional growth of employees in Nigerian banking institution. The study however, recommended that, employees qualified for training should be encouraged by providing study leave with pay, and where scholarship is given a proper contract should be undertaken whereby employees would serve for a certain number of years after his/her course. Emphasis should be placed on in-service training where employees already in the field impact knowledge on the newly employed employees and more effort to be geared towards developing a positive professional attitude among bank staff. Such attitude includes having high regards for the profession, upholding the code of conduct, desisting from any action that can tarnish the image of the profession.
- Page(s): 248-251
- Date of Publication: 16 February 2020
- Asikpo, Nonye AniefiokDepartment of Accountancy, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, PMB 1200, Ikot Ekepene, Nigeria
- Samuel Effiong AffiaDepartment of Business Admisnration & Management, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, PMB 1200, Ikot Ekepene, Nigeria
- Akang, Akaninyene UdoDepartment of Business Admisnration & Management, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, PMB 1200, Ikot Ekepene, Nigeria
References
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Asikpo, Nonye Aniefiok, Samuel Effiong Affia, Akang, Akaninyene Udo "Determinants of Professional Growth of Employees in Nigerian Banking Institutions" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 1 January 2020, pp.248-251 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue1/248-251.pdf