Accurate determination of elements in various kinds of samples is essential for many areas, including environmental science, medicine, as well as industry. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry that is highly sensitive and capable of the determination of a range of metals. In trace elemental analysis, the method has advantages of high speed, precision, and sensitivity compared to other elemental analytical techniques. The next generation of ICP-MS is Next ION 300 ICP-MS instrument are 3 modes of operations (standard, collision, & reaction) various calibration approaches can be used to perform accurate quantitative measurements by ICP-MS. It is important to give an overview of the most common applications currently being carried out by ICP-MS and its sampling accessories, to give a flavour of the different industries and markets that are benefiting from the techniques enormous potential.
- Page(s): 01-09
- Date of Publication: 15 April 2020
- Dr. B.Narasimha Rao Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, P.Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Dr. Ravindranath Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, P.Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Andhra Pradesh, India
- P.Ayub Khan Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, P.Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Andhra Pradesh, India
- S.Rahath Fatima Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, P.Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Andhra Pradesh, India
References
[1] The 30 – minute guide to ICP-MS. [2] Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) : A versatile tool – Adrain. [3] International Research Article of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) by Mahesh Batsala. [4] The easy guide to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS). [5] Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) reading material – Debjani Banerjee. [6] Quantitative aspects of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) – Ewa Bulska & Barbara Wagner. [7] Review Reaction cells and collision cells for ICP-MS; a tutorial review. [8] ICP-MS for the analysis at the nanoscale (A tutorial review). [9] Baranov V and Tanner S. A dynamic reaction cell for ICP-MS. Part 1: The rf-field energy contribution in thermodynamics of ion-molecule reactions". J Anal At Spectrom. 1999;14(8):1133–1142. [10] B'Hymer, Clayton, Judith A. Brisbin, Karen L. Sutton and Joseph A Caruso. New approaches for elemental speciation using plasma mass spectrometry.” American Laboratory, 17-32. [11] High resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Visited April, 2000. [12] http://www.eaglabs.com/techniques/an alytical_techniques/la_icp_ms.php. [13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductively _coupled_plasma. [14] ICP-MS at Cardiff University. Visited, 2000. [15] Raise your expectations with the next generation of ICP-MS – Agilent technology [16] ICP Dussuieux(ICP-MS) laure [17] Elemental, Plasma Quad Software manual, VG plasma Quad 3 users guide. [18] Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry – Wiley VCH Newyork, 1998. [19] Laser Ablation ICPMS. Rev Mineral Geochen 2003;53 [20] Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry – Jarvis KE, AL Gray and RS Houk Handbook.
Dr. B.Narasimha Rao, Dr. Ravindranath, P.Ayub Khan, S.Rahath Fatima "A Hyphenated Technique On Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.01-09 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/01-09.pdf
The study aimed to determine the impact of coal mining activities on edible crops around Maiganga coal mine site of Akko Local Government Area, Gombe State-Nigeria by assessing the level of some heavy metals in some selected crops and soil around the area so as to ascertain the influence of coal mining on crops around the area. Two regions were compared which include contaminated site (farms around Maiganga coal mine site) and a non-contaminated site (farm lands 40km away from Maiganga coal mines). Soil, maize and millet samples were collected from each of the two study areas, they were then labeled and stored in polythene bags. The leaves samples were shade dried, grinded and labeled before taken to the Biochemistry Department laboratory of Gombe State University for processing and analysis. Among the selected heavy metals analyzed Zn, Fe and Mn were detected while Co, Cd and Pb were not at detectable range of ASS machine. However, the result showed that the level of Fe and Zn concentration in maize, millet and soil samples were higher in the contaminated site while the level of Mn was higher in the control site than in the contaminated site. The mean concentration value in maize leaves samples of Zn=67.13 Fe =24.93 Mn = 198.0 and Zn=58.33 Fe =24.00 and Mn =235 in the contaminated and the uncontaminated site respectively, whereas the mean concentration value in millet leaves samples of Zn=59.53 Fe =30.00 Mn =119.0 and Zn= 55.67 Fe = 25.20 and Mn = 226.0 in the contaminated and the uncontaminated site respectably, and that of the mean concentration value in soil samples of Zn= 42.67 Fe = 32.27 Mn =191.0 and Zn= 4.80 Fe = 28.00 and Mn =260 in the contaminated and the uncontaminated site respectably. Moreover, the data collected were analyzed using student T test in SPSS version 16 for comparison of the two study areas. Moreover, the value obtained were all below the recommended level. If the concentration of toxic metals continue to increase it will pose a health threat to the local people who continue to consume on edible crops cultivated around the affected area.
- Page(s): 10-15
- Date of Publication: 17 April 2020
- D.U YugudaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
- D. KulaweDepartment of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
References
[1] Adamu, S.J. (2016) Some Heavy Metals in Soil of Maiganga Coal Mine, Gombe-Nigeria. Scholars press, Gombe, Nigeria. ISBN: 978-3-639-86320-8 [2] Anake, W.U. Adie, G.U and Osibanjo, O. (2009). Heavy Metals Pollution at Municipal solid waste dumpsites in Kano and Kaduna States in Nigeria. Journal of Chemical Society Ethiopia, 23 (1), 281-289. [3] Aremu, M .J., Akhtar , H .N., Asghar, U., Ghafoor U., and Shahid, M. (2010). "Differential Effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Maize Growth and Cadmium Uptake". Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 35(2) PP 303-315. [4] Audu, A.A and A.O. Lawal, 2005. Variation in metal contents of plants in vegetable gardens sites in Kano metropolis. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 10 (3): 105 -109. [5] Butkus, D. and Baltrnait, E. (2007). Accumulation of heavy metals in tree seedlings from soil amended with sewage sludge. Ekologija, 53 (4): 68-76. [6] Khataba, S. Z. and Perdias, Y. G. (2008). Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wiil be tewater in Beijing, China. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 152 (3): 686-692. [7] Kiekens, L. (1993). Zinc in heavy metals in soil. Ed. B.J. Alloway. John wiley and sons. New York press. Pp 44-46 [8] Lenntchi, G.M.; Sims, J.T.; and Vance, G.F. (2000). Soils and Environmental Quality, 2nd edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Polluted Soils to Plants”, Journal of Sciences Total Environment 337 (25) 175-182. [9] Lenntech, M. and Duddridge, J.E.(2008). " Effects of heavy metals on enzyme synthesis in substrate-amended river sediments", European Journal Applied. Microbiology Biotechnology 15(4)241-245. [10] Maina Benjamin, Kachalla Aliyuda & Comfort C. Amin Dawa (2016). Global Journal of Human Social Science of Human Social Science, 59 (2) PP: 149- 154. [11] Mohammad, R. and Mahmoud, T. M. (2016). Determination of Heavy Metal in Agricultural Soils near and Far From the Cement Factory in Tehran, Iran. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 10 (5): 23-26 [12] Monier-william, G.W. (1994). Trace element in food. Chapton and hill limited. London Pp 238-281. [13] Nadarki, U.S and Kelepertsis, T. (1999). "Human health risks from mercury exposure from broken compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) ", Journal of Regulation and Toxicological. Pharmacology 62(9):542–552 [14] Oruonye, E. D., Iliya, M. and Ahmed, Y. M. (2016). Sustainable Mining Practices in Nigeria: A Case Study of Maiganga Coal Mining in Gombe State. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 11(5): 1-9 [15] USEPA (1991). Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Human Health Evaluation Manual, Office of Emergency and Remedial Respond. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C.
D.U Yuguda, D. Kulawe, "Impact of Coal Mining Activities on Crops around Maignga Coal Mining Site, Akko Local Government of Gombe State-Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.10-15 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/10-15.pdf
The study determined the effects of Pascal problem solving strategies on technical college students’ achievement in Radio, Television and Electronics (RTVE) in Niger State, Nigeria. Related literature was reviewed under appropriate headings. Specifically, the pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group experimental research design was used. The target population for the study consisted of 310 Technical College two (TC II) RTVE students in all the Niger state technical colleges. Two sets of lesson plans were prepared by the researcher and used to teach the experimental and control groups respectively. Radio, Television and Electronics Trade Achievement Test (RTVEAT) was used as instrument for data collection. The Radio, Television and Electronic Achievement Test (RTVEAT) was face and content validated by two experts in that field from Industrial and Technology Education Department, Federal University of Technology Minna .and one expert in Government Technical College Eyagi-Bida. The measure of reliability coefficient of the RTVEAT was established to be 0.87usingKuder Richardson 20 (K-R 20) formula. Data collected were analyzed using mean and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Mean was used to answer the research questions while ANCOVA was used to test the hypotheses at.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that students taught RTVE with Pascal problem solving strategies performed better as they had higher achievement scores than students taught with lecture method; 1) There was a significance difference in the mean achievement scores of students taught withPascal problem solving strategies and those taught with lecture method; 2) There was no significance difference in the mean achievement scores of male and female students taught with Pascal problem solving strategies and those taught with lecture method. The findings imply that Pascal problem solving model is a suitable teaching method for improving students’ achievement in RTVE. It is therefore recommended that technical college teachers be trained and equipped with necessary pedagogical skills needed to effectively use Pascal problem solving model in the teaching RTVE.
- Page(s): 16-22
- Date of Publication: 20 April 2020
- Shehu YakubuGovernemnt Technical College, Eyagi-Bida, Nigeria
- G. A UsmanIndustrial and Technology Education Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- A.M HassanIndustrial and Technology Education Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
References
[1]. Abimbade, A. (2007). Principles and practice of educational technology. Ibadan: university press. [2]. Adah, O. C. & Ameh O. S. (2002). Determination of basic electricity teaching methods on students’ achievement in technical colleges. Teacher Education Journal,12 (2) 41-47. [3]. Adah, O. C. & Ameh, B. A. (2012). Project approach to teaching of basic electricity in Nigeria. Teacher Education Journal, 2 (3) 22-25. [4]. Ajibodi, A. N. (2010). Comparative study of the three method of teaching key board on students’ achievement in business education at college of education, Ankpa. Teacher Education Journal, 2 (1), 46-49. [5]. Akubuilo, D.U. (2004). & Ibe, A. (2007). Effect of problem solving international strategies on students’ achievement in biology. Science Teacher Association Journal, 24 (1 & 2), 94 – 100. [6]. Alio, B. C. (2007). Polya’s problem solving strategy in technical college students’ achievement and interest in Mathematics. Unpublished doctoral. thesis. faculty of education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. [7]. Ameh, I. E., Daniel B. P. & Akus, Y. (2007). Research and methods in the Social Sciences. Ankpa: Rowis publishers. [8]. Anene, G.U. (2015). Home economics and the academic performance of a child. Journals of home economics research, 6 (1), 99-103. [9]. Atherson, J.S. (2012). Learning and teaching intelligence. Retrieved on 30th January,2016 from www.dmu.ac.uk [10]. Awolola, S. A. (2011). Effect of brain-based learning strategy on students’ achievement in Technical college students education in Oyo State. Journal of Teachers of Technology Education, 6 (2), 91- 106. [11]. Federal Republic of Nigeria (2013).National Policy on Education (4th ed.). Lagos: Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council press. [12]. Ibitoye, S. J. (2010). Effects of problem solving model on junior secondary school student’s achievement in basic Technology in Kogi state. Kogi state college of Education Ankpa. Teacher Education Journal, 2 (1), 51-56. [13]. Idoko, D.& Ibitoye, S. J. (2008). Place of problem solving approach in Agricultural science teaching. National Association of Science, Humanities and Educational Research Journal, 8 (2) 153-159. [14]. Magnuson, K. (2007). Maternal education and children's academic achievement during middle childhood. Journal of Developmental Psychology,43(1),1497. [15]. Mundi, N. E. (2006). The place of expository/lecture method on students performance in electronics in technical colleges in Niger State. Teacher Education Journal, 5 (2) 17-23. [16]. National Business and Technical Examinations Board (2014). Students’ results analysis. Benin: Author. [17]. National Board for Technical Education (2011). National technical certificate examination syllabus for engineering trades based on the NBTE modular curricular. Kaduna: Author. [18]. Nwachukwu, C. E. (2011). Designing appropriate methodology in Vocational and Technical Education for Nigeria. Nsukka: Fulladu printing company. [19]. Nwokorie, L. S. & Akpata, S. I. (2014). Principles and methods of teaching in primary and technical colleges. Ankpa: Ebonyi printing house. [20]. Nwosu, A. A. (2010). The effect of using problem solving method on students’ achievements in mathematics. Unpublished doctoralthesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. [21]. Odili A. O. (2006). Radio Television in Nigeria Technical schools: teaching perspective. Port-harcourt: Anachuna educational books. [22]. Odumu, S. O. (2010).Needs for improvement in the teaching of Radio Television in technical colleges: Journal of Confluence Educators, 2 (1) 20-25. [23]. Okoli, J. N. (2009). Effect of two interaction learning styles on students achievement and interest in Biology. Unpublished doctoralthesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. [24]. Olaitan, S. O. (2004). Electronic education in the tropics methodology for teaching Radio Television. London: Macmillan Publishers. [25]. Onimisi, J. A. (2011). Impact of type of teacher training on students’ achievement and attitude towards electrical/electronic options. Unpublished doctoralthesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. [26]. Pekene, D. J. (2012). Effects of using problem-solving models on Students’ Achievement in Physics. Journal of Science Teachers Association of Nigeria, 37 (1 & 2).39-43.
Shehu Yakubu, G. A Usman, A.M Hassan "Effects of Pascal Problem Solving Strategies on Technical College Students’ Achievement in Radio, Television and Electronics in Niger State, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.16-22 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/16-22.pdf
A triple system is an absolutely fascinating concept in projective geometry. This paper is an extension of previously done work on triple systems, specifically the triples that fit into a Fano plane and the (i, j, k) triples of the quaternion group. Here, we have explored and determined the existence of triple systems in Z*n for n = p, n = pq and n = 2mp with m εN, p, qεP, and p > q, where N is the set of natural numbers, Z*n is the set of primes and is the set of units in Zn. A triple system in has been denoted by (k1,k2,k3) where there exists ki > 1, i = 1,2,3, such that ki2 ≡ 1(mod n) with k1k2 ≡ k3(mod n), k1k3 ≡ k2 (mod n) and k2k3 ≡ k1 (mod n). We have also investigated the number of triples in and determined the general formula for getting the triples. Further, we have fitted the triples into Fano planes and established the projective geometry structure for the above defined.
- Page(s): 23-29
- Date of Publication: 20 April 2020
- Dennis Kinoti GikundaKenyatta University, Kenya
- Benard KivungeKenyatta University, Kenya
References
[1] Doyen, J., & Wilson, R. M. (1973). Embeddings of Steiner triple systems. Discrete Mathematics, 5(3), 229-239. [2] Hung, S. H., & Mendelsohn, N. S. (1973). Directed triple systems. Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, 14(3), 310-318. [3] Johnson, S. J., & Weller, S. R. (2001). Construction of low-density parity-check codes from Kirkman triple systems. In GLOBECOM’01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No. 01CH37270) (Vol. 2, pp. 970-974). IEEE. [4] Lehmer, D. H., & Lehmer, E. (1974). A new factorization technique using quadratic forms. MATHEMATICS of computation, 28(126), 625-635. [5] Lu, J. X. (1983). On Large Sets of Disjoint Steiner Triple Systems I. J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A, 34(2), 140-146. [6] Ramo, J. M. (2011). On structural aspects of finite simple groups of Lie type (Doctoral dissertation). [7] Skolem, T. (1959). Some Remarks On The Triple Systems Of Steiner. Mathematica Scandinavica, 6(2), 273-280.
Dennis Kinoti Gikunda, Benard Kivunge "Triple System and Fano Plane Structure in Z*n" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.23-29 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/23-29.pdf
This study investigated the suitability of unripe cooking banana, African breadfruit seed and broken rice in the production of complementary foods. The flour blends were prepared in varying proportions of 100:0:0 (A), 95:5:0 (B), 85:10:5 (C), 75:15:10 (D) and 65:20:15 (E) while the commercial formula (F) served as control. The functional, nutritional, anti-nutritional and sensory properties were determined using standard methods. The loose bulk density, packed bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, gelatinization temperature and swelling index of the flour samples ranged from 0.35-0.67 g/ml, 0.63-0.87 g/ml, 2.40-4.06 g/g, 1.37-1.76 g/g, 70.00-79.30 ºC and 1.45-2.07 ml/ml, respectively. There was significant (p<0.05) increase in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash and crude fibre content of the flour blends with sample E having the highest value in each, with a decrease in the carbohydrate and energy values. Selected mineral composition (Zn, Ca. Fe, Na and K) of the complementary flour samples was higher than that of the control. The anti-nutrient result showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the oxalate and tannin contents and a decrease in the phytate and phenol levels with increasing substitution of the flour blends. The sensory scores of the gruel produced from control was most preferred with respect to overall acceptability followed by samples A and D.
- Page(s): 30-38
- Date of Publication: 21 April 2020
- Florence A. BelloDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
- Mopelola A. SodipoDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Eduwem S. PeterDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
References
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Pasting properties of Treculia africana seed flour and the production of a breakfast meal. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2(2): 325-329. [40] Saeed, S., Ahmad, M. M., Kausar, H., Parveen, S., Masih, S., Salam, A., (2012). Effect of sweet potato flour on quality of cookies. Journal of Agricultural Research, 50:525-538. [41] Ayo‐Omogie, H. N., Ogunsakin, R., (2013). Assessment of chemical, rheological and sensory properties of fermented maize‐cardaba banana complementary food. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 4:844-850. [42] Anuonye, J. C., Ndalima, M. E., Elizabeth, O. U., Yakubu, M. C., (2012). Effect of blending on the composition and acceptability of blends of unripe banana. Nigerian Food Journal, [43] Ijarotimi, O. S., Olufunke, O. K. (2013). Determination of nutrient composition and protein quality of potential complementary foods formulated from the combination of fermented popcorn, African locust and Bambara groundnut seed flour. 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The Weston A. price foundation wincosin ave., Washington D.C. http://www.weston aprice.org/food-features/living-with –phytic-acid. [54] Kennedy, G., Burlingame, B., Nguyen, N., (2002). Nutritional contribution of rice and impact of biotechnology and biodiversity in rice consuming countries, proceedings of 20th session of the international rice commission. FAO, Bangkok, Thailand 59-69. [55] Inyang, U. E., Ekop, V. O., (2015). Physico-Chemical properties and anti-nutrient contents of unripe banana and African yam bean flour blends. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 4(5): 549-554. [56] Udousoro, I., Udiong, D., (2013). Hydrothermal effect on proximate and antinutrient compositions of Lasianthera africana (p. Beauv). International Journal of Food Nutrition and Safety, 3(2): 81-89. [57] Tesmegen, M., Negussie, R., Testaye, E., (2016). Pre-gelatinized taro corm flour for development of weaning food in Ethiopia. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 1(1):12-23. [58] Ifie, I., Emeruwa, C. H., (2011). Nutritional and antinutritional characteristics of the larva of Orycetes monoceros. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2(1):42-46. [59] Adeleke, R. O., Odedeji, J. O., (2010). Functional properties of wheat and sweet potato flour blends. Pakistan. Journal of Nutrition, 9(6): 535-538. [60] Oppong, D., Eric, A., Samuel, O. K., Eric, B., Patrick, S., (2015). Proximate composition and some functional properties of soft wheat flour. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. [61] Bello, F. A., Edeke, J. E., Sodipo, M. A., (2019). Evaluation of chemical, functional and sensory properties of flour blends from sorghum, African yam bean and soybean for use as complementary feeding. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 4(3): 74-81. [62] Anthony, N. M., Sawi, M. K., Aiyelaagbe, O. O., Taiwo, A., Winnebah, T., Fionba, S. N., (2014). Proximate characteristics and complementary assessment of five organic sweet potatoes and cowpea varieties, International Journal of Engineering Sciences, 3:38-42. [63] Adepeju, A. B., Gbadamosi, S. O., Omobuwajo, T. O., Abiodun, O. A. (2014): Functional and physico-chemical properties of complementary diets produced from breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis). African Journa of Food Science and Technology, 5 (4): 105-113. [64] Oluwalana, I. B., Oluwamukomi, M. O. S., (2011). Proximate composition, rheological and sensory qualities of plantain (Musa paradisiaca) flour blanched under three temperature regimes. African Journal of Food Science, 5: 769-774. [65] Iwe, M. O., Onyeukwu, U., Agiriga, A. N., (2016). Proximate, functional and pasting properties of FARO 44 rice, African yam bean and brown cowpea seeds composite flour. Cogent Food and Agricultural Journal, 2:5. [66] Ikegwu, O. J., Nwobasi, V. N., Odoh, M. O., Oledinma, N. U., (2009). Evaluation of the pasting and some functional properties of starch isolated from some improved cassava varieties in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(10): 2310-2315. [67] Bello, F. A., Akpaoko, N. A., Ntukidem, V. E., (2020). Formulation and assessment of nutritional, functional and sensory attributes of complementary foods from maize-carrot-pigeon pea flour blends. Journal of Scientific Research & Reports, 26(2): 90-99. [68] Adeola, A. A., Solola, O. M., Apata, O., Ohizua, E. R., (2019). Assessent of some attributes of unripe cooking banana (Cardaba Musa ABB), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and orange fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flour blends for use as complementary feeding. Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 11(1): 67-75. [69] Ijrotimi, O. S., Aroge, F., (2005). Evaluation of nutritional compoition, sensory and physical properties of a potential weaning food from locally available food materials - breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and soybeans (Glycine max). Poland Journal of Food Nutritional Science, 14:411 [70] Ijarotimi, O. S., (2008). Protein and hematological evaluations of infant formulated from cooking banana fruits (Musa spp, ABB genome) and fermented Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L. Verdc) seeds. Nutrition Research and Practice, 2:165-70.
Florence A. Bello, Mopelola A. Sodipo, Eduwem S. Peter "Effect of African Breadfruit Seed and Broken Rice Flour Blends Supplementation on Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes of Unripe Cooking Banana Based Complementary Foods" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.14-20 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/14-20.pdf
Amylase enzymes are important enzymes employed in starch processing industries for hydrolysis of polysaccharides such as starch and starch based substrates into simple sugar constituents, in this studies, the quantitative production of Maize starch and the Hydrolysis of starch obtained by the crude amylase enzymes from Aspergillus niger was investigated. The Results from the various steeping time of the corn starch revealed that at 24 hours yielded 71% of starch, at 48 hours yielded 72.4% of starch and at 72 hours yielded 77.8% of starch. The temperature at which complete granular disruption and the formation of a gelatinized starch solution was found at 64.75oC for initial pasting temperature, 73.00oC for peak temperature and 78.50oC is the temperature at which the starch was completely gelatinized. The digestibility of the starch by crude amylases from Aspergillus niger revealed the presence of reducing sugar as 4.70±0.14mg/ml over the period of 10minutes, 5.20±0.28mg/ml over the period of 20minutes, 5.60±0.14mg/ml over the period of 30minutes, 5.30±0.14mg/ml over the period of 40minutes, 5.10±0.14mg/ml over the period of 50minutes and 4.70±0.14mg/ml over the period of 60minutes. At 30 minutes incubation period shows the highest yield of the reducing sugar further incubation result in a decline in the amount of reducing sugar produced. From this studies 30 minutes incubation time, refers to as the optimal hydrolytic reaction time for the starch extracted from our locally produced yellow maize using crude culture filtrate.
- Page(s): 39-43
- Date of Publication: 22 April 2020
- Suleiman Ali Department of Basic Science Yobe State College of Agriculture, Gujba, Nigeria
- Zainab A. Department of Biochemistry University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Umar Dan'azumi Department of Basic Science Yobe State College of Agriculture, Gujba, Nigeria
- Mohammed Nur Idris Department of Basic Science Yobe State College of Agriculture, Gujba, Nigeria
- Zakari Abba -Ali Garga Department of Entrepreneur University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Shehu Ibrahim Baba Baburo Department of Basic Science Yobe State College of Agriculture, Gujba, Nigeria
- Babagana Umar Department of Basic Science Yobe State College of Agriculture, Gujba, Nigeria
References
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(1999) Studies on the properties of alpha-amylase produced by Bacillus pumilus 289 (PBX96). Acta Microbiologica Sinica.; 32(6):400404. [8] Chengyi WH, Ming M, Jiang R. (1999) Studies on the properties of alpha-amylase produced by Bacillus pumilus 289 (PBX96). Acta Microbiologica Sinica.; 32(6):400404. [9] Djekrif-Dakhmouche S, Gheribi-Aoulmi Z, Meraihi Z, Bennamoun L. (2006) Application of a statistical design to the optimization of culture medium for α-amylase production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 grown on orange waste powder. Journal of Food Engineering. 73(2):190-197. [10] Donald, A. M. Plasticization and self-assembly in the starch granule. Cereal Chem. 2001, 78, 307−314. [11] FAO Review (2006). Food Agric and Storages. Last access at URL http://www.fao.org/docrep/ 006/J2254e/J2254e04.htm on 2/27/2007. [12] Fox, B. A. and Cameron, A. G. (1982). Food Science a Chemical Approach. Hodder and Stoughton Educational, UK. Pp 30,122 - 130,188. [13] Hall, M. B. (2001). Factors Affecting Starch Analysis of Feeds last accessed at URL http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AN102 on 5/30/2007. [14] Haq IU, Ashraf H, Omar S, Qadeer MA. (2002)Biosynthesis of amyloglucosidase by Aspergillus niger using wheat bran as substrate. Pakistan Journal of Biological. Science; 5(9):962-964. [15] Ibukum E.O, Akindumila F (1988). Extracellular Amylase production by isolate of Bacillus microorganism cultured on different starchy food s. Nigeria journal of Biochemistry and molecular biology 13:91-95. [16] Ji, Y., Seetharaman, K. and White, P. J. (2004). Optimising a Small Scale Corn Starch Extraction Method for Use in the Laboratory. Cereal Chem. 81 (1): 55 - 55 [17] Jiby John Mathew, Prem Jose Vazhacharickal, Sajeshkumar NK and Anjaly Ashokan (2016). Amylase production by Aspergillus niger through submerged fermentation using starchy food byproducts as substrate. International Journal of Herbal Medicine; 4(6): 34-40 [18] Jing-ming, L.; Sen-lin, Z. Scanning electron microscope study on gelatinization of starch granules in excess water. Starch/Staerke 1990, 42, 96−98. [19] Konsula Z, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M. (2004) Hydrolysis of starches by the action of an α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis. Process Biochemistry. 39(11):1745-1749. [20] Krieger, K. M., Duvick, S. A., Pollak, L. M., and White, P. J. (1997). Thermal Properties of Corn Starch Extracted with different blending methods: Microblender and homogenizer. Cereal Chem. 74: 553 — 555. [21] Leach, H., and Schoch, T.J. (1961). Structure of the starch granule. II. Action of various amylases on granular starches. Cereal Chm. 38: 34-46 [22] Lineback, D. R. Current concepts of starch structure and its impact on properties. J. Jpn. Soc. Starch Sci. 1986, 33, 80−88. [23] M. Murugan, F. Starlet Priya, A. Renu, (2016). Isolation and Production of Amylase from Aspergillus niger Using Jackfruit Seed as Substrate; Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 40(2), September – October 2016; Article No. 15, Pages: 65-67 [24] Modu S., K. A. Zainab, H. G. Laminu and A. Maisaratu (2012). Hydrolysis of gelatinized maize, millet and sorghum starch by amylases of Aspergillus niger. Bioscience Research, 9(2): 92-98, 2012 [25] Mabel SH, Rodríguez MR, Guerra NP, Rosés RP. (2006) Amylase production by Aspergillus niger in submerged cultivation on two wastes from food industries. Journal of Food Engineering; 73:93-100. [26] Okolo, B.N., Ezeogu, L.I and Mba, C.N. (1995). Production of raw starch digesting Amylase by Aspergillus niger and Bacillus alvei grown on nature sources. Sci FoodAgric 69:109-115. [27] Omemu, A.M., Akpan, I., Bankole, M. O. and Teniola, O.D. (2004). Hydrolysis of Raw Tuber Starches by Amylase of Aspergillus niger AMO7 Isolated from the soil. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(l):19-25. [28] Parka GT, Son HJ. (2007) Keratinolytic activity of Bacillus megaterium F7–1, a feather-degrading mesophilic bacterium. Microbiology Research; 164(4):478485. [29] Robyt, J.F. and Ackerman, R.J. (1972). Amylase from Psendomonas stutzeri Methods in Enzymology vol. XXVIII complex Carbohydrates Part B Ed Victor Ginsburg. Academic Press Inc., UK pp 925-929. [30] Selmi, B., Marion, D., Perrier cornet, J.M., Douzals, J.P. and Gervais, P. (2000). Amyloglucosidase Hydrolysis of High-pressure and Thermally Gelatinized corn and wheat starches. J. Agric Food Chem, 48:7(1-5). [31] Sivaramakrishnan S, Gangadharan D, Nampoothiri KM, Soccol CR, Pandey A. (2006). α-Amylases from microbial sources–an overview on recent developments. Food Technol Biotechnol. 44(2):173-184. [32] Stare, F. J. and Mc Williams, M.(1977). Living Nutrition. 2nd edition. John Wiley and sons Inc., Canada. Pp 139 - 140. [33] Takata H, Kuriki T, Okada S, Takesada Y, Iizuka M, Minamiura N, Imanaka T (1992). Action of neopullulanase; Neopululanase catalyzes both hydrolysis and tranglycosylation at alpha-(1-4)-and alpha-(1-6)glucosicic linkages. J Biol. Chem.; 267:1844718452. [34] Tester, R. F.; Morrison, W. R. Swelling and gelatinization of cereal starches. II. Waxy starches. Cereal Chem. 1990, 67, 558−563. [35] Wajira S. Ratnayake and David S. Jackson (2006) Gelatinization and Solubility of Corn Starch during Heating in Excess Water: New Insights Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54:10 (2006), pp. 3712–3716; doi: 10.1021/jf0529114 Copyright © 2006 American Chemical Society. Used by permission. [36] White, P. J., Abbas, I., Pollak, L. M., and Johnson, L. (1990). Intra-and Inter population Variability of thermal properties of maize starch. Cereal Chem. 67: 70 -73 [37] Yamin, F. F.; Svendsen, L.; White, P. J. Thermal properties of corn starch extraction intermediates by differential scanning calorimetry. Cereal Chem. 1997, 74, 407−411 [38] Yankov, D., Dob'reva, E. Beschkov, U and Emanuilova, E. (1986). Study of optimum conditions and Kinetics of starch Hydrolysis by means of Thermostable - amylase. Enzyme Microb. Technol 8:9665-667). [39] Zainab, A., Modu, S., Falmata, A. S. and Maisaratu (2011). Laboratory scale production of glucose syrup by the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch made from maize, millet and sorghum; Biokemistri, 23(1): 1 – 8.
Suleiman Ali, Zainab A., Umar Dan'azumi, Mohammed Nur Idris, Zakari Abba Ali Garga, Shehu Ibrahim Baba Baburo, Babagana Umar "Preliminary Studies on the Digestibility of Maize Starch Using Crude Amylases from Aspergilus niger" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.39-43 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/21-27.pdf
This research was aimed at assessing the effectiveness and acceptability of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) in selected communities in Bori, Rivers State. IRS is the process of spraying the inside of dwellings (walls and ceilings) with an insecticide to kill or repel mosquitoes that spread malaria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 500 households and all were retrieved. The result showed a coverage of 59.2%. The population was male dominated (62%) within a vibrant age group of 21 – 40 years (65.8%), comprising business owners (32%), farmers (22%), civil servants (27%) and students (18%). 69.4% of them were permanent residents of over 20 years. Mosquito bites were experienced mainly at night (41%) during the wet season (83%). After five months of the IRS intervention, there was mosquito vector population reduction, 358 (71.6%) but fairly high prevalence of malaria disease (63%). Overall effectiveness of the intervention was 62.2% with 68.2% wholeheartedly accepting the programme. As recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and adopted by the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP), IRS still represents one of the main tools in the basic strategy applied to achieve decreases in malaria cases in Africa, Nigeria and Bori inclusive.
- Page(s): 44-46
- Date of Publication: 23 April 2020
- R.B. Bob-ManuelDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, P.M.B. 5047, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
References
[1] Benelli, G. and Beer, J.C. (2017). Current vector control challenge in the fight against malaria. Acta. Trop. 491-496. doi-10-1016/ j. actatropica 2017.06.028. [2] Gari, T. and Lindtjom, B. (2018). Reshapping the vector control strategy for malaria elimination in Ethiopia in the context of current evidence and new tools: opportunities and challenges. Malar. J. 17(1) 454 doi.10.1186/s, 12936-018-2607-8 [3] Gebrehiwot, S., Shumbahri, M., Eyado, A. and Yohannes, T. (2019). Phytochemical screening and in vivo antimalarial activity of too traditionally used medicinal plants of afar region, Ethiopia, against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss Albino mice Pp 1-8. [4] Greenwood, B.M., Fidock, A. A., Kyle, D.E., Kappe, S.H., Alanso, P.L. and Collins, F.H. (2008). Malaria progress, perils and prospects for eradication. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 118: 1266-1276 [5] Muluye, A.B., Desta, A.G., Abate, S.K. and Damo, G.T. (2019). Antimalarial activity of the root extract of Euphorbia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae) against Plasmodim berghei infection in mice. Malaria Journal 18: 261-263. [6] Mzena, T., Swai, H. and Chacha, M. (2018). Antimalarial activity of Cucumis metuliferus and Lippa kituiensis against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Research and Reports in tropical medicine. 9: 81-88. [7] Tugume, A., Muneza, F., Oporia, F., Kiconco, C., Kisakye, A.N., Nsubuga, P., Deogratias, S. and Yeka, A. (2019). Effects and factors associated with indoor residual spraying with Actellic 300 CS on malaria morbidity in Lira District, Northern Uganda. Malar. J. 18(1) 44 doi 101186/s 12936-019-2681-6. [8] Tukei, B.B., Beke, A. and Lamadrid-Figueroa, H. (2017). Assessing the effect of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on malaria morbidity in Northern Uganda: a before and after study. Malar. J. 16: (1)4 doi.10.1156/s 129 36-016-1652-4. [9] WHO (2006). Use of Indoor Residual Spraying for scaling up Global Malaria Control and Elimination Summit. [10] WHO (2012). Global malaria programme intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine –pyrimethamine (IPTP-SP). World Health Organization. Geneva. [11] WHO (2013). World Malaria Report. Geneva. [12] WHO (2014). Onchocereiasis fact sheet No.374-Bulletin of WHO. Geneva. [13] WHO (2018). World Malaria Report WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
R.B. Bob-Manuel "Assessing the Effectiveness and Acceptability of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) on Malaria Morbidity in Selected Communities in Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.44-46 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/44-46.pdf
This study examined the Relationship between Psychological school climate and Teachers’ effectiveness in senior secondary schools in Yobe State, Nigeria. Four objectives and two research questions guided the study. Two research instruments were used to collect relevant data from the subjects, Psychological School Climate Questionnaire (PSCQ) and Questionnaire on Teachers’ Effectiveness (QTE). The sample of the study was 359 subjects comprising 17 principals and 342 teachers from the two education zones (Potiskum and Gashua zones) in Yobe State. Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, SPSS version 20 Package was used to compute the data. The findings of this study revealed that Psychological School Climate predicts Teachers’ effectiveness in secondary schools in Yobe State. The study also showed that the level of teachers’ effectiveness was high extent in senior secondary schools in Yobe State. This study recommended government to provide more instructional material to senior secondary schools in Yobe State. This study also recommended government to provide in-service training and sufficient funds to teachers in senior secondary schools in Yobe State. The study also recommended school administrators to delegate authority to teachers, motivate teachers, organize workshops/seminars and relate cordially with members of the staff.
- Page(s): 47-52
- Date of Publication: 24 April 2020
- Abubakar A.AUmar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Luka Y.BUmar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Isa KUmar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Falmata Z.WUmar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Shehu A SUmar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria
- Abubakar SUmar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria
References
[1] Abdullahi, M. Ojulari,S. I. and Jidas, A. S.(2015) Metholology of research in report setting and supervision. A guide to suppevisiors and studehnts. Btes international limited [2] Abiogu , G. C. &Agwuja, J. O (2008). Re-tooling Educations for the information age: Implications for Nigeria Teacher Education .Published paper presented at the First International Conference of the Faculty of Education University of Nigeria Nsukka june 17-18 [3] Balogun, A. M. (2010). Challenges of higher education in Nigeria: A manager’s perspective. Being a paper presented at the maiden edition of the Faculty of Education Annual Lecture Series, University of Ado-Ekiti. [4] Barbara, H. C. (2009). Teacher Effectiveness: Journal of the International Literature and Its Relevance forImproving Education in Latin America. 7 (8), 3-30 retrieved from www.preal.org/publicacion.asp June/ 07/2018. [5] Carless SA 2004. Does psychological empowerment mediate the relationship between psychological climate and job satisfaction? Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(4): 405-425. [6] Directorate for planning research and statistics, (2017). Data on schools teachers and Students. Ministry of Education Damaturu, Yobe State. [7] Evans, E. D. (2006). Transition to Teaching. New York. Holt, Rinehart Winston [8] Federal Republic of Nigeria FRN (2009).The National Policy on Education 8th Edition [9] Gillet N, Fouquereaua A, Bonnaud-Antignac A, Mokounkoloa R, Colombat P 2013. The Mediating Role of Organizational Justice in the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Nurses’ Quality of Work Life: A Cross-sectional Questionnaire Survey. [10] Goe, L Bell, C., & Little, O. (2008). Approaches to Evaluating Teacher Effectiveness: A Research Synthesis. Washington, DC: National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality. [11] Kajo, D. T. (2011). Administrative Constraints on Teacher Effectiveness in Government Secondary Schools in Benue State, Nigeria. An unpublished Phd thesis presented to the faculty of education university of nigeria, nsukka. [12] Kara D, Uysal M, Sirgyc MJ, Leed G (2013). The effects of leadership style on employee well-being in hospitality. International Journal of Hospitality Management 34: 9–18 [13] Loukas A. (2007) High-Quality School Climate as Advantageous for all Students and Particularly Beneficial for at-Risk Students. Leadership Compass, 5 (1), 1-3. [14] Muhammad, A (2018, Thursday, June 21) Yobe Education as an antidote. Retrieved from image: https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/Image/Facebook.pngsuggests that school [15] Mustafa, M., & Othman, N. (2010).The effect of work motivation on teacher’s work in pekanbaru senior high schools, Riau Province, Indonesia. SOSIOHUMANIKA, 3 (2), 259-272. [16] Prasad, H and Prasad D (2008) TowardsProfessionalism in Education, Journal of University News, 43 (18), 323- 336. [17] Savas, A. C., &Toprak, M. (2014). Mediation effect of schools’ psychological climate on the relationship between principals’ leadership style and organizational commitment. The Anthropologist, 17(1), 173-182. [18] Russell, S. T., Horn, S., Kosciw, J., &Saewyc, E. (2010). Safe Schools Policy for LGBTQ Students and commentaries. Social Policy Report, 24(4), 1-25. [19] Niwa, E. Y., Way, N., & Hughes, D. L. (2014). Trajectories of ethnic‐racial discrimination among ethnically diverse early adolescents: Associations with psychological and social adjustment. Child Development, 85(6), 2339-2354.
Abubakar A.A, Luka Y.B, Isa K , Falmata Z.W, Shehu A S, Abubakar S "The Roles of Psychological School Climate as Predictor of Teachers’ Effectiveness; a Management Tool in Senior Secondary Schools in Yobe State, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.47-52 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/47-52.pdf
It has become inevitable there would be communication and due to the extrinsic limitation of the human voice, the public address system came to being. A public address or “PA SYSTEM” is an electronic amplifying system with a mixer, amplifier and loudspeakers, used to strengthen a given sound, e.g. a person making a speech, pre-recorded music, and distributing the sound throughout a venue. The human voice or sound signal is passed through a microphone, which converts the sound energy to electrical energy, the electrical energy signal being transmitted is being received and amplified by the amplifier circuit. The amplifier’s output is fed into the loudspeaker which converts the electrical energy back to the original form but in an amplified state. Based on the procedures adopted, and the tests carried out, the specific findings include a range of 100.2MHz of transmission from a 9V DC battery, and a clear sound produced from the microphone. The work indicated that the practical JP Low cost wireless public address system requiring a low power can be designed and constructed.
- Page(s): 53-57
- Date of Publication: 24 April 2020
- JP.C. MbagwuDepartment of Physics, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
- J.O. OzuombaDepartment of Physics, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
- Z.L. AbubakarBrigadier General Abubakar Zakari Logun, 32 Artillery Brigade Owena Cantonment Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
References
[1] Armstrong, E. H. (2008). History of Electrochemistry, Electricity, and Electronics. Eugenii Katz Homepage, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.http://www.geocities.com/neveyaakov/electro-science/armstrong.html. accessed on 10-05-2008. [2] Atti, L. (2007). Audio Signal Processing and Coding. U.S.A: John Wiley-Interscience. [3] Beranek, L. (1954). Acoustics. London: Mc-Graw Hill Books. [4] Boylestad, R., & Nashelsky, R. (1996).Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, (7th Edition). London: Prentice Hall College Division. [5] Dalton, W. M. (1975). The Story of Radio. London: Adam higher. [6] Dugan, F. (1993). Electronic Communication. New York, U.S.A: Delmar Learning. [7] Floyd, T. (2004).Electronic Devices. London: Pearson Educational Publications. [8] Franco, S. (1988). Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits. New York: Mc-Graw Hill Book Co. [9] Gibilisco, S. (2002). Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronic. New York: Mcgraw Hill Professional. [10] Great, K. (1990).Advanced Electronics Project. New York: Mc-Graw Hill Book Co. [11] Horowitz, L., & Hill, W. (1989). The Art of Electronics. London: Cambridge University Press. [12] JP.C. Mbagwu, F.M.Ezike and J.O.Ozuomba (2020). International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research vol 11, issue 1 Publisher India pg. 536 and 538. [13] Kleitz, W. (2005).Digital Electronics: A Practical Approach. London: Cambridge University Press. [14] Kouwenhoven, M. H. L. et al (2003). Structured Electronic Design, Negative-Feedback Amplifiers. Ghana: Kluwer Academic. [15] Malik, N. R. (1995). Electronic Circuits: Analysis, Simulation, and Design. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. [16] Montoro, C. G., & Schneider, M. C. (2007). MOSFET Modeling for Circuit Analysis & Design. London/Singapore: World Scientific. [17] Peter Baxandall (1790). Audio Power Amplifier, Wireless Wordless Magazine U.S.A pg. 88-97. [18] Sessler, G. M., & West, J. E. (1962). Self-biased Condenser Microphone with High Capacitance. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Pp. 1787-1788. [19] Seidel S.Y and Rappaport T.S (1992) 108MHz Path Loss Prediction Models for Indoor. [20] Spencer, R. R., & Ghausi, M. S. (2001). Microelectronic Circuits. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education/Prentice. [21] Theraja, B. L., & Theraja, A. K. (1998). A Textbook of Electrical Technology. New Delhi, India: S.Chand & Company. [22] Verhoeven (2003). Definition; Audio Frequency Amplifier Wikipedia What Is Radio Wave 2016.
JP.C. Mbagwu, J.O. Ozuomba and Z.L. Abubakar "Design, Construction and Testing of JP Low Cost Wireless Public Address System" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.53-57 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/53-57.pdf
Parameter estimation is very significant for any probability distribution and therefore, various estimation methods are frequently studied in the statistical literature. This research examined six methods to estimate the parameters of Frechet distribution (Generalized Maximum Likelihood Estimator, Maximum Product Spacing Estimator, L-Moment Estimator and Method of Moment Estimator). These methods were compared using Bias, Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error and Variance criteria as applied to Nigeria Maximum Annual Rainfall (2010-2015). Simulation study was carried out with simulated data set at different sample sizes and different levels of the shape and scale parameters. The simulation study and analysis revealed that the Generalized Maximum Likelihood (GML) Estimation was the best estimation method in terms of the Mean square Error, Mean Absolute Error and Variance; while Maximum Product Spacing Estimation method was the best estimation method with real life data.
- Page(s): 58-75
- Date of Publication: 29 April 2020
- Koyejo S.O.Department of Statistics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Akomolafe A.A.Department Statistics, National Mathematical Centre, Kwali, Abuja, Nigeria
- Awogbemi C.A.Department Statistics, National Mathematical Centre, Kwali, Abuja, Nigeria
- Oladimeji A.O.Department of Statistics, Osun State College of Science and Technology, Esa-Oke, Nigeria
References
[1] Alkasasbeh, M.Z. and Raqab, M.Z. (2009). Estimation of the generalized logistic distribution parameters: Comparative study, Statistical Methodology 6, pp. 262–279. [2] Gupta, R.D. and D. Kundu, D. (2001). Generalized exponential distribution: different method of estimations, Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 69, pp. 315–337. [3] Harlow, D.G. (2002). Applications of the Frechet distribution function. International Journal of Material and product technology, 5(17):482-495. [4] Hobert, J.P .and Casella, G. (1996). The effect of improper priors on gibbs sampling in hierarchical linear mixed models, Journal of the American Statistical Association 91, pp. 1461– 1473. [5] Hosking, J.R. (1990). L-moments: analysis and estimation of distributions using linear combinations of order statistics, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), pp. 105–124. [6] Katz, S. and Nadarajah, S. (2002). Extreme value distributions: theory and applications, World Scientific. [7] Mubarak, M. (2011). Parameter estimation based on the Frechet progressive type II censored data with binomial removals. International Journal of Quality, Statistics and Reliability, 2012, Article ID 245910. [8] Murphy, K.P. (2012). Machine learning: a probabilistic perspective, MIT press, R Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria (2017). Available at https://www. R-project.org/. [9] Ramos, P. and Louzada, F. (2016). The generalized weighted lindley distribution: Properties, estimation and applications, Cogent Mathematics 3. [10] Ramos, P., Nascimento, D. and Louzada, F. (2017). The long term Frechet distribution: Estimation, properties and its application, BiomBiostatInt J 6, p. 00170. [11] Ramos, P.L., Louzadz, Francisco; Ramos, Eduardo and Dey, Sanku (2018). The Frechet distribution: Estimation and Application an overview. Ar Xiv: 1801.05327v1 [Stat.AP] [12] Teimouri, M., Hoseini, S.M. and Nadarajah, S. (2013). Comparison of estimation methods for the weibull distribution, Statistics 47, pp. 93–109. climateportal@worldbank.org
Koyejo S.O., Akomolafe A.A., Awogbemi C.A., Oladimeji A.O. "Extension of Comparative Analysis of Estimation Methods for Frechet Distribution Parameters " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.58-75 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/58-75.pdf
A survey of ectoparasites of domestic and exotic turkeys was carried out in Ugep, Yakurr Local Government Area, to evaluate the infestation level. Out of 91 turkey birds examined for ectoparasites, 67 (73.6%) were infested with ectoparasites. A total of 457 lice were collected from 43 domestic and 48 exotic turkeys. Four species of chewing lice were found and identified as Degeeriella fulva 195 (42.7%), Menacanthus stramineus 103 (22.5%), Goniocotes gallinae 140 (30.6%), and Strigiphilus sp nymphs 19 (4.2%). The commonest species of lice frequently encountered was Degeeriella fulva female with 42.7% occurrence. There was statistical significant difference (P < 0.01) in the infestation rate of male and female lice on turkey birds. The proportion of lice found infesting turkey birds in the study area was 120 (26.3%) males, 318 (69.6%) females and 19 (4.2%) nymphs. The commonest frequently encountered lice was Degeeriella fulva female with 42.7% occurrence. There was statistical significant difference (x2 = 10, df = 2, p < 0.01) in the infestation rate of male and female lice on turkey birds. Turkeys in Yenon farm had the highest infestation of 260 (56.9%). There were overt high infestation symptoms among birds such as constant preening and fallout of feathers. The high infestation of turkeys in the study area was due to poor managerial practices by farmers. For the turkey farming to grow and provide the needed protein from turkeys to consumers, farmers must adhere strictly to managerial specifications outlined for turkey production.
- Page(s): 76-81
- Date of Publication: 01 May 2020
- Cletus I. IbohDepartment of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, P.M.B.1123, Cross River State, Nigeria
- Stephen E. EtukiDepartment of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, P.M.B.1123, Cross River State, Nigeria
- Faustina O UttahDepartment of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, P.M.B.1123, Cross River State, Nigeria
References
[1] McRoberts JT, Wallace MC and Eaton SW (2004). Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) version 2.0: In the birds of North America (A. F. Poole Editor). Cornell Laboratory of Onithology. Ithac NY. USA. https://doi.org/i0.2173/bna.22 [2] Speller CF, Kemp BM, Wyatt SD, Monroe C, Lipe WD, Arndt UM, and Yang DY (2010). “Ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals complexity North American Coham domestication”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (7): 2807 – 2812 doi.10.1073/pnas.0909724107.PMC.2840336.PMID.20133614. [3] Fabiyi JP,Alayande MO, Akintul AO, Lawal MD, Mahmuda A, Usman M (2017). Prevalence and seasonal fluctuations of ectoparasites infesting backyard turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo, in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Rev. Ele Med. Vet. Pays. Trop., 70 (1): 21-24, doi.19182/remvt.31391. [4] Udoh NA, Luka SA, and Audu PA (2014).Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of domestic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Lineaus (1758) slaughtered in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 4 (17): 105 -109. [5] Al-Malayi HMH and Kadhim HAB (2015). Ectoparasites of Domestic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Al-Diwaniya City/Irag. International Journal of Current Microbiology and applied sciences 4(10): 669-677. [6] Eaton S (1992). Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) In: Poole P., Stetthenhein P, and Gill F. ( eds). The birds of North America vol.22. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philiadelphia, Washington DC. The American ornithologists Union, 1-28. [7] FAO (2007). State of the World’s Forests 2007. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation, Rome, Italy. [8] Mohammed ZZ, Suhaila AH, Nik AhmudIrwan Izzauddin NK and Khadijah S (2017). Parasites prevalence in Poultry: Focusing on Free-range Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Malaysian Journal of Veterinary Research 8(1): 1-9. [9] Iposu SO, Okwelum N, Sani RO, Sanwo K and Oduguwa RO (2013). Prevalence of mites and fleas as primary turkey ectoparasites in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences 2(3): 154-157. [10] Khan MN, Neam M, Iqbal Z, Sajid MS, and Abbas RZ (2003). Lice infestation in poultry. International Journal of Agriculture Biology. 5: 213-216. [11] Majood A, Rajeshwara R, Mahesh PS, Ravikumar SA, Nallapa P (2006). Turkey management guide, Central Poultry Department Organization (Southern Region). Hessarghatta, Bangalore – 5600088, India pp. 14(15). proceedings on the 13th annual conference of the SAAN, pp 709-710. Repositioning Animal agriculture for the realization of national vision 2020. [12] Ogunmola OO, Taiwo OF and Ayankoso AS (2013). The nutritive value of the meat quality of locally breed chicken and turkey. IOSR Journal of Applied chemistry 3(6): 46-50. [13] Ford PI, Fagerlund RA, Duszynski DW, Poleahla PJ (2004). Fleas and lice of mammals in New Mexico, USA Forest Service, RMRS, GTP, 12. [14] Moreki JC (2006). Commercial Turkey Production. Non-Ruminant Division, Department of Animal Production, South Africa pp 9 (11). [15] Abbas HS, Muhammed NK, Zafar I. and Muhammed SS (2004). Tick infestation in Poultry. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 1560-8530/2004/06-06-1162-165.s in some villageshttp://www.ijab.org, pp 1(4). [16] Bei-Bienko GY (1967). Editor. Keys to the Insects of European USSR:Smithsonian Institution; 1967 pp 385-404: Google Scholar. [17] Adang KL, Onyie SJ, Ezealor AU, Abdu PA, Ajanusi OJ (2008). Ectoparasites of domestic Pigeon (Columba livia domestica, Linneaus) in Zaria, Nigeria. Science Alert. 3(2): 79-84. [18] Gimbia FI, Ola-Fadunsin SD, Abdullah DA, Konto M, Dauda BB, Abubakar D (2019). Prevalence of Ecto and Endo parasites of chicken in Taraba State, North Eastern Nigeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 31 (4): 2019 [19] OnurGirisgin A and BilalDik O (2013). Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) species of wild birds in North Western Turkey with a new host record. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 2pp 217-221. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.07.001Getrightandcontent. [20] Thear K.(2006). Guide to Keepi322ng Turkeys- Turkey parasites and Poison. AAmazon.Co.Uk. 3rd Edition. [21] Arcuri L. (2019). Guide to choosing and raising turkeys. The Spruce http://www.the spruce.com/how-to-raise-turkeys-3016860. [22] Amao OJ, Ayorinde KL, Fayeye TR (2014). A survey on turk (ey rearing in Rural Areas of Kwara State, Nigeria. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Sciences. 4(3): 615-619. [23] Ikpeze OO, Amagba IC, Eneaya CI (2008). Preliminary survey of ectoparasites of chicken in Awka, South Eastern Nigeria. Animal Research International. 5(2): 848-851. [24] Durden LA (2019). Menacanthus stramineus. Medical and Veerinary Entomology, 2019.
Cletus I. Iboh, Stephen E. Etuki, Faustina O Uttah "A Survey of Ectoparasites Infestation of Domestic and Exotic Turkey Birds in Ugep, Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.76-81 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/76-81.pdf
In this study Poisson impedance pre-stack seismic inversion has been extensively studied to determine reservoir properties in Gamma field Niger Delta, from high resolution seismic data and well logs. Three main classifications of lithogy (sand, sandy-shale and shale) were discriminated based on the well log Crossplot between gamma ray and Poisson impedance. Also, well log Crossplot between density and Poisson ratio, formed three major clusters which are probably shale, brine and hydrocarbon zones. The sand lithofacies shows low values of gamma ray (< 57 API) and PI (< 5200 ft/s*g/cc) while shale lithofacies possesses high values of gamma ray (> 57 API) and PI (> 5600 ft/s*g/cc). Hydrocarbon zones show low values of PI (< 4995 ft/s*g/cc) while brine and shale zones have intermediate PI (Between 5100 to 5388 ft/s*g/cc) and high values PI (> 5508 ft/s*g/cc) respectively. The value of scale factor, c was calculated to be 1.38, which was obtained from the inverse of the slope of the regression line between the P-impedance (Ip) and a scaled version of the S-impedance (Is). The scale factor was used in calculation of Poisson impedance. Inversion of the seismic data was also carried out to generate horizon slices of Poisson Impedance away from the wellbore. Results show that anomalously low values of Poisson impedance (Between 4862 to 5168 ft/s*g/cc) were observed in both cross-sections and horizon slices indicating the presence of hydrocarbon sands.
- Page(s): 82-88
- Date of Publication: 02 May 2020
- Opiriyabo I. Horsfall Department of Physics, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Onengiyeofori A. Davies Department of Physics, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Akpan, M. Joseph Department of Physics, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria
References
[1] Sharma, R.K. and S. Chopra, Poisson impedance inversion for characterization of sandstone reservoirs, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013. 2013, Society of Exploration Geophysicists. p. 2549-2553. [2] Ayoub, M. and A.Z. Abdullah, Critical review on the current scenario and significance of crude glycerol resulting from biodiesel industry towards more sustainable renewable energy industry. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012. 16(5): p. 2671-2686. [3] Roberts, R., J. Bedingfield, D. Phelps, A. Lau, B. Godfrey, S. Volterrani, F. Engelmark, and K. Hughes, Hybrid inversion techniques used to derive key elastic parameters: A case study from the Nile Delta. The Leading Edge, 2005. 24(1): p. 86-92. [4] Zhang, J., H. Liu, S. Tong, L. Xing, X. Chen, and C. Su, Estimation of elastic parameters using two-term fatti elastic impedance inversion. Journal of Earth Science, 2015. 26(4): p. 556-566. [5] Johansen, T.A., E.H. Jensen, G. Mavko, and J. Dvorkin, Inverse rock physics modeling for reservoir quality prediction. Geophysics, 2013. 78(2): p. M1-M18. [6] Horsfall, O.I., E.D. Uko, I. Tamunoberetonari, and V.B. Omubo-Pepple, Rock-Physics and Seismic-Inversion Based Reservoir Characterization of AKOS FIELD, Coastal Swamp Depobelt, Niger Delta, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics, 2017. 5(4): p. 59-67. [7] Bosch, M., T. Mukerji, and E.F. Gonzalez, Seismic inversion for reservoir properties combining statistical rock physics and geostatistics: A review. Geophysics, 2010. 75(5): p. 75A165-75A176. [8] Avseth, P., T. Mukerji, and G. Mavko, Quantitative seismic interpretation: Applying rock physics tools to reduce interpretation risk. 2010: Cambridge university press. [9] Ma, X.-Q., Simultaneous inversion of prestack seismic data for rock properties using simulated annealing. Geophysics, 2002. 67(6): p. 1877-1885. [10] Quakenbush, M., B. Shang, and C. Tuttle, Poisson impedance. The Leading Edge, 2006. 25(2): p. 128-138. [11] Zong, Z., X. Yin, and G. Wu, Elastic impedance parameterization and inversion with Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Geophysics, 2013. 78(6): p. N35-N42. [12] Doust, H. and E. Omatsola, Niger delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 1989. 48: p. 201-238. [13] Haack, R.C., P. Sundararaman, J.O. Diedjomahor, H. Xiao, N.J. Gant, E.D. May, and K. Kelsch, Niger Delta Petroleum Systems, Nigeria, in M.R. Mello and B.J. Katz, eds. AAPG Memoir, 2000. 73: p. 213-231. [14] Klett, T., T. Ahlbrandt, J. Schmoker, and G. Dolton, Ranking of the world's oil and gas provinces by known petroleum volumes. 1997, US Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey. [15] Ekweozor, C. and E. Daukoru, Northern delta depobelt portion of the Akata-Agbada petroleum system. Niger Delta, Nigeria, in, Magoon, LB, Dow, WG eds., The Petroleum System--From Source to Trap, AAPG Memoir, 1994. 60: p. 599-614. [16] Tuttle, M.L., R.R. Charpentier, and M.E. Brownfield, The Niger Delta Petroleum System: Niger Delta Province, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea, Africa. 1999: US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey. [17] Rider, M.H., The geological interpretation of well logs. 1986. [18] Wollner, U., H. Arevalo-Lopez, and J. Dvorkin, Seismic-scale petrophysical interpretation and gas-volume estimation from simultaneous impedance inversion. The Leading Edge, 2017. 36(11): p. 910-915. [19] Omudu, L. and J. Ebeniro, Cross-plotting of rock properties for fluid discrimination using well data in offshore Niger Delta. Nigerian Journal of Physics, 2005. 17(1): p. 16-20
Opiriyabo I. Horsfall, Onengiyeofori A. Davies, Akpan, M. Joseph "Determination of Reservoir Properties from Poisson Impedance Pre-stack Inversion" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.82-88 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/82-88.pdf
An urgent respiratory disease called novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV) has spread throughout the globe. In this study, we investigated the pattern of distribution of COVID-19 in five different continents of the global spread as at 26thMarch, 2020. An online sample of distribution was successfully recruited from Africa, America, Asia, Oceania and Europe. The epidemiological curve and pattern of geographical distribution was also reviewed and results show that European countries like Italy, Spain and United Kingdom indicate an epidemic progression in relation to same curve observed in China in January and February 2020 but with exception to China. European countries record more cases since outbreak of the ensued deadly COVID-19, followed by America and Asia. More than 80% of patients are confirmed in Italy, Spain, UK and USA and this calls for an urgent need to develop therapeutics and vaccines so as to prevent further global spread.
- Page(s): 89-95
- Date of Publication: 02 May 2020
- JP.C. Mbagwu Department of Physics, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
- Obidike Blessing Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
- I.V.Anyiam Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
- F.I. Omeje Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
References
[1] Cavanegh, D., Mawditt, K., WelchmanDdeB,Britton, P. and Cough, R. T (2002). Coronavirus from phexiat (phasianuscolchicus) are genetically closely related to coronaviruses of domestic and turkeys. Avian Pathol31: 81-93. [2] Gorbalenya, A. E., Baker, S. C., Baric, R. S., de Groot, R. J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A. A, et al. (2020). The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiology.5:536-544 [3] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), (2020). Guidelines for the use of non-pharmaceutical measures to delay and mitigate the impact of 2019-nCoV 2020. [4] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): increased transmission globally – fifth update Stockholm: ECDC; 2020 [cited 20 March 2020]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/RRA-outbreak-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019-increasetransmission-globally-COVID-19.pdf [5] Perris, J. S, Chu, C. M, Cheng, V. C, Chan, K. S., Hung, I. F., Poon, L. L. and Law, K. I. (2020). Religions of predicted RNA secondary structure.J viral71: 6183-6190. [6] Chen, H., Guo, J., Wang, C., Luo, F., Yu, X., Zhang, W., et al. (2020). Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 7;395(10226):809-15. [7] Guan, W.J., Ni, Z. Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W. H., Ou, C. Q., He, J. X., et al. (2019). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. TheNew England Journal of Medicine. [8] Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223): 497-507. [9] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK – sixth update 2020 [cited 20 March 2020]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/RRA-sixth-update-Outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019- COVID-19.pdf [10] Chen, J. (2020). Pathogenicity and transmissibility of 2019-ncov- a quick reviewed comparison with other emerging viruses. Microbes and infections. 22(2):69-71 [11] World Health Organization. (2020). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020: WHO; 2020 [cited 2020]. Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-openingremarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 [12] Chen, H., Guo, J., Wang, C., Luo, F., Yu, X., Zhang, W., et al. (2020). Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 7;395(10226):809-15. [13] Guan, W. J, Ni, Z. Y, Hu, Y., Liang, W. H, Ou, C. Q., He, J. X., et al. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. TheNew England Journal of Medicine. [14] Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet.15; 395(10223):497-506. [15] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Resource estimation for contact tracing, quarantine and monitoring activities for COVID-19 cases in the EU/EEA. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2020. [16] Leung, W. K., To, K. F., Chan, P. K, Chan, H. L., Wu, A. K, Lee, N., Yuen, K. Y. and Sung, J. J. (2003). Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated corona virus infection. Gastroenterology125: 1011-1017. [17] Nie, Q. H., Luo, X. D., Zhang, J. Z. and Su, Q. (2003). Current status of severe acute respiratory syndrome in china world.J Gasroenteral9: 1635-1645. [18] Both, A. M., Kuster, J. G, Van Noort, J. M., Zwaagstra, K. A., Rijke, E., Vander Zeijst, B. A. and Hensen, E. J. (1991). Localization of a T-cell epitope within the nucleus capsid protein of avian corona virus. Immunology74: 8-13. [19] Lee, N., Hui, D., Wu, A., Chen, P., Cameroon, P., Joynt, G. M, Buja, A., Yung, M. Y., Leung, C. B., T. KF, Lui, S. F., Szeto, C. C., Chung, S. and Sung, J. J. (2003). A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndromes in Hong Kong.N Engl J med348: 1986-1994. [20] Tsui, P. T., Kwok, M. L., Yuen, H., Lai, S. T. (2003). Severe acute respiratory syndrome: clinical outcome and prognostic correlation. Emerg infection disease9: 1064-1069. [21] Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L. and Tong, Y. (2020). Early Transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China of Novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. The new England Journal of medicine. [22] Zhong, N. S., Zheng, B. J., Li, Y. M., Poon, L. L. M., Xie, Z. H., Chan, K. H., Li, P. H., Tan, S. Y., Chang, Q. and Xie, J. P. (2003). Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Quandong; People’s Republic of China in February 2003, Lancet, 362: 1353-1358.
JP.C. Mbagwu, Obidike Blessing, I.V.Anyiam, F.I. Omeje "A Review: Global Pattern of Distribution of Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19)" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.89-95 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/89-95.pdf
Employees do not stay in organizations forever, at some point, some employees leave, this study investigated the relationship between employee separation and work attitude of staff of Microfinance Banks in Anambra State as a broad objective. The study was anchored on Rational Choice Theory (RCT) by Gary Becker. Survey research design was adopted by the study. The population of the study consisted of 297 employees of ten (10) randomly selected banks. Using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula, the sample size of the study was 168. The instrument for data collected was questionnaire which was validated using face and content technique while the reliability was ascertained using Crombach Alpha and a coefficient of 894 was obtained. Regression technique was used for data analysis at 5% level of significance. The result revealed that a significant positive relationship exists between career development prospects and employee commitment (r = .937, p-value =.000) and that a positive relationship exists between career counselling and employee engagement (r = .952, p-value =.000) in Microfinance Banks in Anambra State. The study therefore concluded that employee separation influences the attitude of employees to work. It was among others recommended that the studied organization provides career advancement programs to the employees and that they should also provide for regular career counselling services to their employees.
- Page(s): 96-103
- Date of Publication: 05 May 2020
- Hope Emeakayi OkaforDepartment of Business Administration, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam, Anambra State Nigeria
References
[1] Acha, I. A. (2012). Microfinance Banking in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. International Journal of Finance and Accounting 1(5), 106-111. [2] Adeniji, A. A. (2011). Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction among Academic Staff in some selected Private Universities in Southwest Nigeria. A Ph.D Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Degree in Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management, of Department of Business Studies, School of Business, College of Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. [3] Agba, A. M. O., Nkpoyen, F., & Ushie, E. M. (2010). Career development and employee commitment in industrial organisations in Calabar, Nigeria. American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1(2), 105-114. [4] Ahmad, H., Ahmad, K., & Syah, I. A. (2010) Relationship between job satisfaction, job performance attitude towards work and organizational commitment. European Journal of Social Sciences, 18, 2, 257-267 [5] Armstrong, M. (2001). Human Resource Management Practice: Handbook, 8th Edition, London: Kegan Page Ltd. [6] Armstrong, M. (2006). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, London: Kogan Page Limited. [7] Becker, G. (1976). The Economic Approach to Human Behaviour, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 3-14. [8] Carpenter, M., Talya, B., & Erdogan, B. (2009) Principles of management, 1st ed., New York: Flat World Knowledge [9] Central Bank of Nigeria (2005). Microfinance Policy Regulatory and Supervisory Framework for Nigeria. Abuja: CBN. [10] Central Bank of Nigeria (2011). Microfinance Policy Framework for Nigeria. [11] Colakoglu, U., Culha, O., & Atay, H. (2010). The Effects of Perceived Organisational Support on Employees’ Affective Outcomes: Evidence from the Hotel Industry. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 16(2), 125-150. [12] Diriye, A. M. (2015). Perceived Relationship between Career Development and Employee Commitment and Engagement at Nairobi City County Government. A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of Master of Science in Human Resource Management, School of Business, University of Nairobi. [13] Eboh, E. F. (2008). Changing Development Paradigms via Microfinance Banks. African Journal of Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 52-63. [14] Erdogan, B., & Enders, J. (2007). Support from the top: Supervisors’ perceived organizational support as a moderator of leader–member exchange to satisfaction and performance relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(2), 321-330. [15] Frese, M. (2008). The Word is Out: We need an Active Performance Concept for Modern Workplaces. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, 67-69. [16] Harris, J. (1999). Finding and Keeping Great Employees. New York: Amecom. [17] Iorchir, D. (2006). Reducing Poverty in Benue State of Nigeria: The Role of Microfinance and Micro-Enterprises. Journal of Business Management, 1(2), 15-29. [18] Jackson, C., Arnold, J., Nicholson, N., & Watts, A. G. (2012).Managing Careers in 2000 and Beyond. [19] Kanu, C., & Isu, G. (2015).Microfinance Banks Operations in Nigeria, Constraints and Suggested Solutions: An Evaluation. Global Journal of Contemporary Research in Accounting, Auditing and Business Ethics, 1(2), 312-331. [20] Khalid, A., Khalid, S., Waseem, A., Farooqi, Y. A., & Nazish, A. (2015). Relationship between Organizational Commitment, Employee Engagement and Career Satisfaction: A Case of University of Gujrat. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 3(11), 172-183. [21] Maertz, C.P., & Griffeth, R.W. (2004). Eight motivational forces and voluntary turnover: A theoretical synthesis with implications for research. Journal of Management, 30 (5), 667–683. [22] Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). “Organizational linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover”, San Diego, CA: Academic Press. [23] Nura, A. A., & Hasni, O. N. (2014). The Relationship between Separation and Performance Management System of Academics in Nigerian Universities: The Mediating Effect of e-HRM. Journal of Scientific Research & Reports 3(7), 894-904. [24] Oduma, C., & Were, S. (2014). Influence of Career Development on Employee Performance in the Public University, A case of Kenyatta University. International Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship 1(2), 1-16. [25] Ogu, M. I. (2013). Rational Choice Theory: Assumptions, Strengths, and Greatest Weaknesses in Application Outside the Western Milieu Context. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), 1(3), 90-99. [26] Ombayo, J. A., Otuya, W., & Shiamwama, S. M. (2013). The Relationship between Career Counseling and Employee Productivity in Sugar Firms in Kakamega County, Kenya. 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Miradipta, R., & Jie, F. (2013). Analysis of the Effect of Attitude Toward Works, Organizational Commitment, and Job Satisfaction, On Employee’s Job Performance. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(10), 15-24. [34] Taylor, S. (2008). Staff Turnover and Retention. In S. Taylor, People Resourcing (p. Chapter 17). London: Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development. [35] Wallace, L. & Trinka, J. (2009). Leadership and Employee Engagement. Public Management, 91(5), 10. [36] Yoshimichi, S. (2013). ‘Rational Choice Theory’, Sociopediaisa , DOI: 10.1177/205684601372 [37] Zare, E. (2012) Effect Perceived Organizational Support on Employees’ Attitudes toward Work. Science Series Data Report, 4, 28-34.
Hope Emeakayi Okafor "Employee Separation Dynamics as a Predictor of Workplace Attitude: A Microfinance Banks Perspective" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.96-103 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/96-103.pdf
The bio-indices of bacteria load in water and mangrove oyster (crassostrea gasar) tissues of Woji/Trans-Amadi creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria were studied between January and June, 2019. Water and oyster (Crassostrea gasar) samples were collected from three stations and analysed for bacteria using standard method. The data obtained were subjected to SPSS software version 20 for descriptive and inferential statistics using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test. The results obtained showed that the water and the oyster samples contained 11 and 12 species of bacteria respectively with oyster samples containing more bacteria counts than the water. Bacteria counts in station 2 for both samples differed significantly from stations 1 and 3 at p<0.05. Some of the species of bacteria identified were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, Enterococci sp, Klebsiella. Shannon-Wienner index and other indices showed that the water and oyster tissues were heavily (0.928±0.01) and moderately (1.044±0.09) polluted microbially. The results suggest that Woji/Trans-Amadi creek is moderately to heavily polluted microbially hence adequate measure should be taken to prevent further discharge of organic wastes into the creek.
- Page(s): 104-110
- Date of Publication: 06 May 2020
- Otene, B.BDepartment of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment, Rivers state University Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
- J.F. Alfred-Ockiya, J.FDepartment of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
- Ejiko, E.ODepartment of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment, Rivers state University Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
References
[1] Akinrotimi, O.A, Edun, O.M, Makinde, O.O (2015). Seasonal variation of heavy metals in selected sea foods from Buguma and Ekerekana creeks, Niger delta. International Journal of Innovative Studies in Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 1: 46-53. [2] Allen, G.H, Busch, R.A, Morton, A.W (1979). Preliminary bacteriological studies on wastewater-fertilized marine fishponds. Humboldt Bay,California Bay, California. In: Advances in Aquaculture Fishing News Books, Oxford, England; pp. 492-8. [3] Allen, G.H and Hepher, B (1969). Recycling of wastes through aquaculture and constraints to wider application. In: Advances in aquaculture Pillay TVR and Dill WA, Eds. Oxford, Fishing News Books, England; pp. 478-87. [4] American Public Health Association (APHA), (2005) Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Food and Water, 19th Edition. Washington, DC. [5] Antai, E. E and Joseph, A. P (2015). Planktonic Abundance and Diversity In Great KWA River, Cross River State, Nigeria. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 2(9),www.ijiset.comISSN 2348 – 7968. [6] Ayo, O. E.1, Arotupin, D. J(2017). Microbial and Physicochemical Qualities of River Owena Sediments International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue -4, 2456-1878. [7] Cheesbrough, M. (2002). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Lowprice Edition part 2. Cambridge press, England. [8] Czeniawska-Kusza, I (2005). Comparing modified biological monitoring working party score system and several biological indices based on macroinvertebrates for water quality assessment. Limnol 2005,35:169–176. [9] Daboor, S.M. (2008). Microbiolological profile of El-Qanater. El- khairia fish farm. Global veterinarian: 2: 51-55. [10] Davies, O. A., Abowei, J.F.N. and Otene, B. B. (2009). Seasonal Abundance and Distribution of Plankton of Minichinda Stream,Niger Delta, Nigeria. American Journal of Scientific Research, 2: 20-30. [11] Davies, O.A & Otene, B.B (2009). Zooplankton Community of Minichinda Stream, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, European Journal of Scientific Research, 26(4),490 – 498 .ht tp: // www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm. [12] Edema, M.O, Omemu, A.M, Bankole, M.O (2005). Microbiological safety and quality of ready to eat food in Nigeria. In the proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference and General Meeting (Abeokuta 2005) on microbes as agent of sustainable development organized by Nigerian Society for Microbiology (NSNA), University of Agriculture, Abeokuta from 6-10th November 1181.2. [13] FAO, (2011). Fisheries Department, Food and Agriculture Organization. World aquaculture 2010. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 500 (1). FAO: Rome. [14] Fapohunda AO, MacMillan KW, Marshall DL, Waites WM (1994). Growth of selected cross- contaminating bacterial pathogens on beef and fish at 15 and 350C. J Food Protect; 57: 337-40. [15] Guerold, F (2000). Influence of taxonomic determination level on several community indices. Water Res. 34:487–492.http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1294272 [16] Huss, H.H.; Ababouch, L.; and Gram, L. 2003. Assessment and management of seafood quality and safety. FAO fisheries technical paper 444. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), Rome, Italy. [17] Ikpesu, Thomas Ohwofasa1 and Ariyo, Adenike Bosede (2017). Evaluation of Hydrochemical and Microbiological Contaminants isolated from Brass River in Niger-Delta Ecological Zone. Journal of Science and Technology, 9(1): p. 20-30 [18] Kocatas, A. (1992). Ekoloji ve Çevre Biyolojisi. Ege Üniv. Matbaası, İzmir, p.564s. [19] Magurran, A.E (1988). Ecological Diversity and its Measurement. Croom Helm, London, p.179. [20] Margalef, R. 1958. Information theory in ecology. Gen Syst., 3: 36–71. [21] Menhinick, E.F (1964). A comparison of some species-individuals diversity indices applied to samples of field in-sects. Ecology, 45:859-861. [22] Njoku, O.E., Agwa, O.K. and Ibiene , A.A.(2015).An Investigation Of The Microbiological And Physicochemical Profile Of Some Fish Pond Water Within The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. European Journal of Food Science and Technology 3(4), pp.20-31. [23] Norris, R.H., Georges, A (1993). Analysis and interpretation of benthic macroinvertebrate surveys. In: Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates (Rosenberg D,M and Resh V.H. eds.). Chapman and Hall, New York. pp. 234–286. [24] Okpokwasili, G.C. and Ogbulie, J.N. (1999). Microbial and proximate composition of fish feed used in Nigeria aquaculture. Journal of Nature and Science Count of Sri lanka. [25] Olayemi, A.B, Adebayo O, Ojo, A.O (1991). Microbial flora of six freshwater fish species from Asa River, Ilorin, Nigeria. Rev Biol Trop; 39: 165-7. [26] Otene,B.B,Alfred-Ockiya, J.F & Amadi,F(2019). Physicochemical Properties and Zooplankton Community Structure of Okamini Stream, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | Volume IV, Issue X, 2454- 6194. [27] Otene, B.B. and Alfre-Ockiya, J.F. (2019). Assessment of water Quality Index (WQI) and Suitability for Consumption of Elele-Alimini Stream, Port Harcourt. Global Scientific Journal,7(2) 2320-91- 86. www.globalscientificjournal.com. [28] Piet, K. (2009). Waste Disposal Technology, Mpumalangh South Africa pp 24-27. [29] Ravera, O (2001). A comparison between diversity, similarity and biotic indices applied to the macroinvertebrate community of a small stream: The Ravella river (Como Province, Northern Italy). Aquatic Ecol. 35:97–107. [30] Sandhya, D.D and K. Laxmi Sowmya (2016). Bioindices of Bacterial Communities. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 (12) pp. 219-233. [31] Schleifer, K.H. (1989). Gram Positive Cocci. In: Bergey DH, Williams ST, Holt JG, Krieg NR editors. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 9th Edn. New York. USA Lippincott Williams and Wilekins, PP. 999–1043. [32] Schmitz, A, Nadel R (1995). Influence of 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4- DCA) on benthic invertebrates in indoor experimental streams. Ecotoxicol. Envir. Safety, 30:63–71. [33] Shannon, C.E. and Weiner, V. 1949. A Mathematical theory of communication, University press, Illinois Urban. 101- 107. [34] Simpson, E.H (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163:688. [35] Sroczynska, K, Barroso, G & Chicharo, L (2012). In situ effective clearance rate measurement of mangrove oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) in a tropical estuary in Brazil. Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol. 12(4):301-310. [36] Suplicy, F.A. (2000). Capacidade de support nos cultivos de moluscos: esta no Decreto, mas poucos sabem exatamente do que se trata. Pan. Aquicul. 10:21-24. [37] Ukpong,E.and Utuk, O. (1992). Microbiological quality of Egaria radiate in Cross River System. Book of Abstracts, Nigerian Institute of Food Science and Technology, Lagos State, Nigeria, pp. 15-6. [38] Van-DUIJN, J.C (1973). Diseases of fishes, 3rd ed. Butterworth Co. Ltd. London. veterinarian: 2: 51-55. [39] Whittaker, R.H(1965). Dominance and diversity in land plant communities. Science (Washington, D.C.), 147:250–260. [40] Wilhm, J. L., & Dorris, T. C. (1968). Biological parameters of water quality criteria. Bioscience, 18, 477-481. [41] Yucel, N. and Balci, S.(2010). Prevalence of Listeria, Aeromonas and Vibrio Species in Fish Used for Human Consumption in Turkey. Journal of Food Protection 73: 380-384.
Otene, B.B, J.F. Alfred-Ockiya, J.F, Ejiko, E.O "Bio-Indices of Bacteria Loads in Water and Mangrove Oyster (Crassostrea Gasar) of Woji/ Trans-Amadi Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.104-110 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/104-110.pdf
Failure to transform to normality before classification affects probabilities of misclassification while comparing the distribution of errors of misclassification. A uniformly distributed random variable generated by a varied and repeated method was employed to generate the errors of misclassification for normal and Edgeworth Series Distributions. The proposed method was proved and on the basis of this, an algorithm was developed. There is a non linear dependence of the total probabilities of misclassification on the skewness factor. It was observed that there is a disordered relationship between the probabilities of misclassication for normal and Edgeworth Series Distributions
- Page(s): 111-121
- Date of Publication: 06 May 2020
- Awogbemi, Clement Adeyeye Department of Statistics, National Mathematical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
References
[1] Awogbemi, C.A. and Onyeagu, S.I. (2019). Errors of misclassification Associated with Edgeworth Series Distribution, American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 8(6), pp. 203-213. [2] Awogbemi, C.A. (2019). Errors of Misclassification Associated with Edgeworth Series Distribution, Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. [3] Kocherlakota, S., Kocherlakota, K, and Balakrishnan, N. (1987). Expansions of Errors of Misclassification, Advances in Multivariate Statistical Analysis, pp. 19 -21. [4] Fred, S. (2010). The Refined Positive Definite and Unimodal Regions for the Gram-Charlier and Edgeworth Series Expansions. Advances in Decision Sciences, pp. 5-8. [5] Mahmoud, M.A. and Moustafa, H.M. (1995). Errors of misclassification Associated with Gamma Distribution. Journal of Mathematical Computing and Modeling, 22(3), pp. 105-119. [6] Amoh, R.K. and Kocherlakota, K. (1986). Errors of Misclassification Associated with Inverse Gaussian Distribution, Communications in Statistics, Theory and Methods, 15(2), pp. 589-612. [7] Bhuyan, C.K. (2010). Probability Theory and Statistical Inference, New Central Book Agency Ltd., London [8] Sheldon, R. (2013). A First Course in Probability, 9th ed., Pearson, University of Southern Califonia.
Awogbemi, Clement Adeyeye "Graphical Evaluation of Probabilities of Misclassifications for Normal and Edgeworth Series Distributions" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.111-121 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/111-121.pdf
The process of economic transformation and development calls for the participation of all interest groups in the economy hence this study set out to assess trends in domestic and foreign direct investments in Nigerian agriculture sector. The research utilized time series data which were obtain from CBN and other International agencies. Stationarity test (ADF) was carries out to examine the time series characteristics of the data. The unit root test indicated that the variables are integrated of the order 1(1). This was then tested for co-integration or Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of econometric analysis showed that the dependent variables actually co-integrate with their fundamentals. The study observed that the pattern of domestic and foreign investments in Nigeria tended to be volatile, displaying highly variable growth rates, and high degrees of fluctuation or instability. The study revealed that the pattern of domestic investment in Nigeria was very unstable between 1981 and 2000, but more so for investment in agriculture than for the whole economy. There was, however, a measure of relative stability after 1995 in both aggregate and agricultural sector investment. As regards the annual flow of foreign net private investment, the degree of volatility was even higher than for domestic investment. And again, the agricultural sector recorded a higher degree of volatility than the economy as a whole. The result of the empirical estimate of determinants of investment revealed that public investment (GI), inflation rate (INFR), terms of trade (TOT) and total credit plus foreign revenue (TC) significantly influence domestic private investment. On the other hand, public capital expenditure, growth rate of the economy and inflation rate are the variables that significantly influence foreign direct investment in agriculture in Nigeria. It is recommended that all the policies put in place by the Monetary and Fiscal Authorities to encourage flow of funds to the agricultural sector be sustained. More so, Federal government should overhaul its capital budgetary processes and provision so as to make positive impact in development of the sector.
- Page(s): 122-133
- Date of Publication: 07 May 2020
- Ogebe, F. OSenior Lecturer, Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
- Abah DanielSenior Lecturer, Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
- Burbwa, P. A.Assistant Lecturer, Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
References
[1] Akpokodje, G. (1998). Macroeconomic policies and private investment in Nigeria. Selected Papers for the 1998 Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society. Ibadan: The Nigerian Economic Society. Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria: 59-74. [2] Anyanwu, J. C., Oyefusi, A., Oaikhenan, H. and Dimowo, F. A. (1997). The Structure of the Nigerian Economy (1960- 1997). ISBN: 978-2784-17-6. Published in 1997 by Joanee Educational Publishers Limited Onitsha, Nigeria. [3] Central Bank of Nigeria [CBN] (2016). Statistical Bulletin, December, 2016. Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja. [4] Dornbusch, R. and Reynoso, A. (1989). Financial factors in economic development,American Economic Review, Paper and Proceedings 6(79): 204-209. [5] Evbuomwan, G. O. (2016). Diversification of the Nigerian Economy: Agriculture and Solid Minerals as Panacea. Bullion, 40th Anniversary, 1976-2016. Vol.1-40, Pp. 50-62. Publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria. [6] Fan, S., Hazell, P. and Thorat, S. (2000). Government Spending, Agricultural Growth, and Poverty in Rural India. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 82(4): 1038-1051. [7] Jerome, A. (2000). “Private Sector Investment.” Jobs for AFRICA/PRESA Nigerian Investment for Poverty-Reducing Employment (PRE) Study. Interim Report. [8] Manyong, V. M., Ikpi, A., Olayemi, J. K., Yusuf, S. A., Omonona, R. and Idachaba, F. S. (2003). Agriculture in Nigeria: Identifying Opportunities for IncreasedCommercialization and Investment, Main Report, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), in collaboration with University of Ibadan (UI). [9] National Population Commission, (NPC, 2007). National Population Census Report, Abuja. [10] Salako, H. A. and Adebubuyi, B. S. (2001). “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation.” CBN Economic and Financial Review, Vol. 39 No. 1, March, 2001. [11] World Bank [WB] (2016). A unified Approach to Measuring Poverty and Inequality-Theory and Practice. World Bank, Washington DC.
Ogebe, F. O; Abah Daniel and Burbwa, P. A. "Trends and Determinants of Foreign Direct and Domestic Private Investment in Nigeria’s Agriculture (1981-2000)" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.122-133 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/122-133.pdf
The Government of Nigeria has implemented a policy of food security for smallholder by making provision of credit needed for purchasing inputs such as farm machinery, fertilizer and seeds. This study analyzed access to and adequacy of credit for smallholders with landholdings up to 3 hectares, using primary data collected through a survey of 556 smallholders. The study showed smallholders are constrained with regards to obtaining credit for the purchase of farm inputs for investment in farm development and this is evidenced by the significant gap between credit demand and credit supply. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the coefficients of annual income, farm size and previous loan status showed positive signs and were significant, implying that all the variables encouraged larger credit size to farmers. The study recommends flow of capital to formal institutions for onward disbursement to smallholders so as to increase their farm sizes and income thereby attracting larger credit size. It is hoped that the finding of this study will make a useful contribution to the understanding and remedying of the difficulties that smallholders experience in obtaining credit which may be of value not only in Nigeria but in other developing countries.
- Page(s): 134-142
- Date of Publication: 07 May 2020
- Ogebe, F.ODepartment of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
- Ogah, M. ODepartment of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
References
[1] Abedullah, M. N., Khalid, M. and Kouser, S. (2009). Role of agriculture credit in the growth of livestock sector: A case study of Faisalabad. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 29(2): 81-84. [2] Agricultural Census Organization [ACO] (2000). Census of agriculture Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan. [3] Ali, B. M., Agbo, F. U., Ukwuaba, I. C. and Chiemela, C. J. (2017). The effects of interest rates on access to agro-credit by farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(43): 3160-3168. [4] Amjid, S. and Hasnu, S. A. F. (2007). Smallholders’ access to rural credit: Evidence from Pakistan. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 12(2): 1-25. [5] Asogwa, B. C., Abu, O. and Ochoche, G. (2014). Analysis of Peasant Farmers’ Access to Agricultural Credit in Benue State, Nigeria. British Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 4(10): 1535-1543. [6] Awoniyi, S.O.M., Amos, T.T. and Omole, M.M. (2012). “Rice famers’ productivity in Nigeria”: How has malaria not helped International Food Policy Research Institute? Discussion Paper, Washington DC, 2006-1007 [7] Binswanger, H. P. and Siller, D. A. (1983). Risk aversion and credit constraints in farmers’ decision making: A reinterpretation. Journal of Development Studies, 9(2): 5-21. [8] Cox, D. and Jappelli, T. (1993). The effect of borrowing constraints on consumer liabilities. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 25(2): 197-213. [9] Ekpe, E. E., Idiong, I. C. and Chinemerem, O. (2000). The role of formal institutions in financing small-scale agricultural production in Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 1(1): 12-23 [10] Ellis, F. (1992). Agriculture policies in developing countries. Book Chapter No. 7. Credit Policy Pp. 152-174. Cambridge University Press. [11] Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2004). Trans-boundary Animal Diseases: assessment of socio-economic impacts and institutional responses. Livestock Policy Discussion Paper No. 9. Livestock Information and Policy Branch, AGAL, February, 2004. Pp 48 [12] Heltberg, R. (1998). Rural market imperfections and the farm-size productivity relationship: Evidence from Pakistan. World Development, 26(10): 1807-1826. [13] Hou, J. (2006). A measurement of the small business credit gap and the use of credit scoring by small financial institutions. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kentucky, UK. [14] Imai, K. S., Arun, T. and Annim, A. K. (2010). Household poverty reduction: New evidence from India. World Development, 38(10): 1760-1774. [15] Jabber, M. A., Ehuui, S. and Van Kaufmann, R. (2002). Supply and demand for livestock credit in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons for designing new credit schemes. World Development, 30(6): 1029-1042. [16] Jiang, Y.S. and Braun, J. (2005). The economic cost of illness and household coping strategies in Western rural China, Chinese Rural Economy, 11:3-39. [17] Keeton, W. (1979). Equilibrium credit rationing. New York. Garland Publication. [18] Khandker, S. R. and Faruqee, R. R. (1999). The impact of farm credit in Pakistan. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2653 [19] Ladman, J. R. and Tinnermeir, R. L. (1981). The political economy of agriculture credit: The case of Bolivia. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 63(1): 66-72. [20] Malik, S. J., Mushtag, M. and Gill, M. A. (1989). Differential access and rural credit markets in Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review, 28(4): 708-716. [21] National Population Commission, (NPC, 2006). National Population Census Report, Abuja. [22] Okojie, C. E. E. (1983). Improving the quality of life for rural women in Nigeria: The role of education and technology. In ARMT Seminar Series, 3: 130-135 [23] Olawepo, R.A. (2010). 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Segmentation, collateral undervalued and the rate of interest in the agrarian credit markets: Some evidence from two villages in South India. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 15(2): 161-178. [29] Tsai, K. (2004). Imperfect substitutes: The local political economy of informal finance and micro credit in rural China and India. World Development, 32(9): 1487-1507. [30] Vermani, A. (1981). The nature of credit markets in less developed countries. A framework for policy analysis. Domestic Finance Study No. 71, World Bank, Development Economics Department. [31] World Bank [WB] (2008). Agriculture for Development. World development report 2008. Washington: The World Bank. [32] Yammane, T. (1967). Statistics, an introductory analysis. (2ndEd.). New York: Harper and Row.
Ogebe, F.O, Ogah, M. O "Smallholders’ Access to Agricultural Credit in North-Central Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.134-142 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/134-142.pdf
India accounts for more than 20 % of the granite deposits of the world. Rock dust or granite slurry is a granite manufacturing waste product resulting due to the cutting and polishing process. Large quantities of rock dust are produced annually. Disposal of this rock dust has become a major problem. Granites are enriched in several alkali and alkaline earth elements such as potassium, aluminium, calcium and several trace elements. The authors have tried to find out the suitability of rock dust to its use as a fertiliser. The granite slurry is having good percentage of potassium and nitrogen with alkaline pH values which can be considered good for fertilizer use rather than keeping it as waste.
- Page(s): 143-145
- Date of Publication: 10 May 2020
- Mohammed Azam KhanManager, Business Development and Quality Control, Fastwell Dealcom Private Limited, Bengaluru, India
- Haritabh RanaAssistant Geologist, Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
References
[1]. Ahmad, Iqbal, Mohd Imran Khan, and Govil Patil. "Nanotoxicity of occupational dust generated in granite stone saw mill." 2011 International Conference on Nanoscience, Technology and Societal Implications. IEEE, 2011. [2]. Lokeshwari, M., &Jagadish, K. S. (2016). Eco-friendly use of granite fines waste in building blocks. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, 618-623. [3]. Allam, M. E., Bakhoum, E. S., &Garas, G. L. (2014). Re-use of granite sludge in producing green concrete. ARPN J EngApplSci, 9(12), 2731-2737. [4]. Manning D.A.C. (1995) Introduction to Industrial Minerals, Chapman and Hall, London, 276. [5]. Manning, D. A. (2009). Mineral sources of potassium for plant nutrition. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development, 30(2), 281-294. [6]. Van Straaten P. (2007) Agrogeology: the use of rocks for crops, Enviroquest Ltd., Cambridge, Ontario, 440. [7]. Gillman, G. P. (1980). The Effect of Crushed Basalt Scoria on the Cation Exchange Properties of a Highly Weathered Soil 1. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44(3), 465-468. [8]. Leonardos, O. H., Fyfe, W. S., &Kronberg, B. I. (1987). The use of ground rocks in laterite systems: an improvement to the use of conventional soluble fertilizers?. Chemical Geology, 60(1-4), 361-370. [9]. Scovino, J. S., & Rowell, D. L. (1988). The use of feldspars as potassium fertilizers in the savannah of Colombia. Fertilizer research, 17(1), 71-83. [10]. Chesworth, W., Van Straaten, P., & Semoka, J. M. R. (1989). Agrogeology in East Africa: the Tanzania-Canada project. Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East), 9(2), 357-362. [11]. Coroneos, C., Hinsinger, P., & Gilkes, R. J. (1995). Granite powder as a source of potassium for plants: a glasshouse bioassay comparing two pasture species. Fertilizer research, 45(2), 143-152. [12]. Hinsinger, P., Bolland, M. D. A., & Gilkes, R. J. (1995). Silicate rock powder: effect on selected chemical properties of a range of soils from Western Australia and on plant growth as assessed in a glasshouse experiment. Fertilizer research, 45(1), 69-79. [13]. Boyd, S. R., Hall, A., & Pillinger, C. T. (1993). The measurement of δ15N in crustal rocks by static vacuum mass spectrometry: Application to the origin of the ammonium in the Cornubian batholith, southwest England. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57(6), 1339-1347. [14]. IIHR. 2010. Production Technology of Vegetables: A Hand Book. IIHR, Bengaluru. [15]. IIHR. 2012. Production Technology of Tropical Fruit Crops: A Hand Book. IIHR, Bengaluru [16]. Muvel, R., Naruka, I. S., Chundawat, R. S., Shaktawat, R. P. S., Rathore, S. S., &Verma, K. S. (2015). Production, productivity and quality of ajwain (Trachyspermumammi L. Sprague) as affected by plant geometry and fertilizer levels. International Journal of Seed Spices, 5(2), 32-37. [17]. Bolland, M. D. A., & Baker, M. J. (2000). Powdered granite is not an effective fertilizer for clover and wheat in sandy soils from Western Australia. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 56(1), 59-68. [18]. Ganeshamurthy, A. N., Kalaivanan, D., Rupa, T. R., &Manjunath, B. L. (2019). An Assessment of the Fertilizer Needs of Horticultural Crops in India. Indian Journal of Fertilisers, 15(3), 286-295.
Mohammed Azam Khan, Haritabh Rana "Granite Slurry: A Valued By-Product as Fertilizer" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.143-145 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/143-145.pdf
Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that is used to analyze large set of data. Machine learning approach is a statistical approach on learning more about a raw data set. When considering the existing systems in the world, there is a huge output of data which are not well analyzed. The use of machine learning techniques provide a way of analyzing a huge data set in order to find patterns and relationships among different entities which cannot be observed without advanced analyzing techniques. In this paper, the machine learning techniques that will be considered include; Box-Jenkins method, artificial neural network (ANN) technique, and Kalman technique. Each technique will be implemented using python, and the results obtained using the mentioned methods will be compared. This paper explores the application of effective machine learning to overcome challenges associated with data analysis and demonstrates how machine learning techniques have contributed and are contributing to research in machine learning.
- Page(s): 146-152
- Date of Publication: 11 May 2020
- P. A. OzohDepartment of ICT, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- A. A. AdigunDepartment of ICT, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- L. O. OmotoshoDepartment of ICT, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
References
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P. A. Ozoh, A. A. Adigun, L. O. Omotosho "A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.146-152 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/146-152.pdf
Biodiesel is becoming popular as an environmentally friendly fuel, it has been used as an alternative for diesel fuel in the automotive indusThe prevalence of worm infestation is high in underdeveloped and developing countries because of poor sanitation and lack of health education. Our study was aimed to search out the individual and synergestic result of andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae), coriandrum sativum (Family:Apiaceae), curcuma longa(Family: Zingiberaceae), ocimum sanctum(Family: Lamiaceae), phyllanthus emblica(Family: Phyllanthaceae) and trigonellafoenum-graecum(Family: Fabaceae) extract as a result of they need been used historically for the treatment of worm infestation. Additional exploring the phytoconstituents gift within the herbs of the polyherbal formulation can aid us within the bioactivity gift. Various concentration of ethanolic extracts of varied herbs and therefore the polyherbal formulation were subjected for assessment of anthelmintic activity in Pheritima posthuma. Time of dysfunction associated time of death was used as an analysis parameter. helminthic change state (10 mg/ml) was used as a customary drug. Phytochemical take a look at discovered the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and tannins. Concentration dependent anthelmintic result was discovered with the extract. once one hundred mg/ml concentration of ethanolic extracts of the polyherbal formulation was more it showed dysfunction of take a look at worm (earthworm) at eight minutes and death at fifteen minutes. The combination of two plant extracts has shown substantial anthelmintic activity exploitation in vitro model on earthworms which can be attributed to the polyphenols gift within the extract.
- Page(s): 153-156
- Date of Publication: 13 May 2020
- Rajamanickam.VArulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, India
- Sivakumar.VArulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, India
References
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Rajamanickam.V, Sivakumar.V "Synergistic Anthelmintic Activity of Leaf Extract of Andrographis Paniculata with other Plant Extracts" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 4 April 2020, pp.153-156 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue4/153-156.pdf