Volume V Issue V

Characterization and Determination of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Values of the Seed Oils of Sorrel (Hibbiscus Sabdariffa) and Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus)

Aisha Umar Dan Malam, Aliyu Jauro, Salim Yushau, Abbas Abubakar, Hadiza Abubakar, Mahmood I. Abubakar, Sham’unu Aliyu Ismail
May 2020
Page No.: 01-07

Attempt was made to characterize and determine the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Sorrel (Hibbicus sabdariffa) and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seed oils using standard analytical methods. The physico-chemical characteristics of the oils were found to be; (Moisture contents = 7.00 %, 6.90 %; Oil yields = 12.80 %, 22.80 %; Specific gravities = 1.00, 0.90; Densities = 0.92 g/cm³, 0.83 g/cm³; Peroxide values = 3.40 ± 0.06 meq/kg, 14.00 ± 0.20 meq/kg; Free fatty acid values = 0.51 ± 0.10 mg KOH/g, 0.28 ± 0.10 mg KOH/g; Iodine values = 0.51 ± 0.10 g/100 g, 1.78 ± 0.10 g/100 g; and Saponification values = 176.72 + 0.06 meq/kg, 196.35 + 0.06 meq/kg) for both Sorrel and Okra respectively. The mineral contents were found to be (Mg = 170.80 ± 0.40 mg/100 g, 178.00 ± 0.40 mg/100 g; Ca = 416.00 ± 4.00 mg/100 g, 792.00 ± 0.00 mg/100 g; Na = 200.00 ± 0.00 mg/100 g, 200 .00 ± 0.00 mg/100 g; and K = 160.00 + 0.00 mg/100 g, 160.00 + 0.00 mg/100 g) for both Sorrel and Okra respectively. The anti-nutritional compositions were; (Oxalate = 4.95 ± 0.10 mg/100 g, 2.78 ± 0.06 mg/100 g; Phytate = 1.70 ± 0.06 mg/100 g, 2.10 ± 0.10 mg/100 g; and Hydrogen cyanide = 61.32 + 0.20 mg/100 g, 83.16 + 0.15 mg/100 g) for both Sorrel and Okra respectively. These results showed that these vegetables contain an appreciable amount of nutrients/mineral elements and low levels of anti-nutrients hence, should be included in diets to supplement the daily allowance needed by the body.

Page(s): 01-07

Date of Publication: 16 May 2020

Aisha Umar Dan Malam
Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Aliyu Jauro
Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Salim Yushau
Department of Chemistry Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
Abbas Abubakar
Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Hadiza Abubakar
Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Mahmood I. Abubakar
Department of Pure and Applied chemistry Usmanu Dan fodio University, Sokoto, Sokoto, state, Nigeria
Sham’unu Aliyu Ismail
Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria

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Aisha Umar Dan Malam, Aliyu Jauro, Salim Yushau, Abbas Abubakar, Hadiza Abubakar, Mahmood I. Abubakar, Sham’unu Aliyu Ismail "Characterization and Determination of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Values of the Seed Oils of Sorrel (Hibbiscus Sabdariffa) and Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus)" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.01-07 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/01-07.pdf

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Factors that Students Consider when Selecting their Electives: Discrete Choice Experiment

Samuel Foli, Isaac K. Baidoo
May 2020
Page No.: 08-11

This study identified and examined the factors considered when selecting elective courses of the students of University of Ghana, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science. Discrete Choice Experiment was used to capture responses of 30 students from the above-mentioned department. Respondents were presented with 28 choice sets made of 2 hypothetical courses each. Each course was made up of five attributed (factors). Data were analysed using STATA14.Probit regression model was generated. Models restricted by females and males were also estimated. The key attribute that influence elective course preference is Follow Career Path which had the highest coefficient among all the attributes estimated in both the full and the restricted models. The result revealed that, students of University of Ghana, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, do not have much interest in Reading courses.Generally, Reading are traded-off by other attributes like Follow Career Path, Calculation and Learn New Thing.

Page(s): 08-11

Date of Publication: 18 May 2020

Samuel Foli
Department of Statistic and Actuarial Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Isaac K. Baidoo
Department of Statistic and Actuarial Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

References

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Samuel Foli, Isaac K. Baidoo, "Factors that Students Consider when Selecting their Electives: Discrete Choice Experiment" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.08-11 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/08-11.pdf

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Costs and Returns Analysis Associated with Egg Production among Backyard Poultry Keepers in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Ijah, A.A., Ishola, B.F., Ayodele, J.T., Yahaya, U.F. and Olukotun, O.
May 2020
Page No.: 12-17

The costs and returns analysis associated with egg production among backyard poultry keepers in Kaduna North local government area of Kaduna State, Nigeria was evaluated. Primary data were collected from 30 farmers drawn from the study area using multi stage, purposive and random sampling techniques. Analysis of data was carried out with the use of descriptive statistics, net income analysis (budgeting) and profitability ratios. The result revealed that majority of the farmers are male (76.67 %) and 83.33 % were married. Majority of the farmers 83.33 % of the farmers had post primary education. 96.67 % of the poultry keepers are in their active working age of between 21 and 60 years with most of them 90 % having over 5years experience in egg production with an average bird size of 268. The net income analysis indicated that an average farmer invested annually N 1,931,634.50 in poultry egg production with a total return of N 2,325,573.13. The gross margin and net income were N 491,557.63 and N 393, 938.63 respectively. These figures suggest that egg production in the study area is a profitable venture. The result also revealed that disease outbreak, high cost of feed, high cost of vaccine/drugs high mortality rate, egg spoilage and poor power supply were identified as the problems hindering egg production in the study area. The study therefore recommends that extension agents should intensify effort to educate poultry farmers about improved management practices that will lead to reduction of disease outbreak and affordable drugs / vaccine should be made available to the farmers at a substituted price by government and government should develop and enforce livestock feeds standards in order to protect farmers from dubious feed millers.

Page(s): 12-17

Date of Publication: 19 May 2020

Ijah, A.A.
Federal College of Forestry Mechanizations, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria
Ishola, B.F.
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Ayodele, J.T.
Federal College of Forestry Mechanizations, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria
Yahaya, U.F.
Federal College of Forestry Mechanizations, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria
Olukotun, O.
Federal College of Forestry Mechanizations, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria

References

[1] Abedullah, A., Maqbool, A., & Bukhsh, K. (2007). Issues and economics of poultry production: A case study of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 27(1), 25–28.
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[3] Amaza, P. S. and Maurice, D. C. (2005). Identification of Factors that Influence Technical Inefficiency in Poultry Egg Production in Ondo State, Nigeria Journal of Rural Economics. Vol. 10 pp 85 – 93.
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[5] Binuomote, S.O., Ajetomobi, J.O. and Ajao, A.O. (2008). ”Technical Efficiency of Poultry Egg Producers in Oyo State, Nigeria.” International Journal of Poultry Science, 7 (12):1227 – 1231
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[14] Ogidan, I. O. (2002). Economic appraisal of livestock feed industry in Osun State. B. Agric. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife p. 40
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[16] Pagani, P., Abimiku, Y.J.E and Emeka-Okolie, W. (2008). Assessment of the Nigerian poultry market chain to improve biosecurity. FAO (Nigeria, Consultative Mission on Poultry) Study. November, 2008. Pp 1 – 65
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Ijah, A.A., Ishola, B.F., Ayodele, J.T., Yahaya, U.F. and Olukotun, O. "Costs and Returns Analysis Associated with Egg Production among Backyard Poultry Keepers in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.12-17 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/12-17.pdf

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Analytical Expression of Surface Wave Elevation Using Homotopy Analysis Method*_n

Ejinkonye I.O.
May 2020
Page No.: 18-23

This work focuses on the study of water wave equations which were solved by means of an analytic technique, namely the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). HAM is a capable and straight forward analytic tool for solving nonlinear differential equations and does not require small/large parameters in the governing equations unlike other well-known analytic approach such as the perturbation method. Using HAM, we obtain an approximate solution to the governing Rogue wave equations. The free surface displacement η(x,t) and velocity potential, ϕ(x ε t) obtained are compared with similar results using higher order Stokes approximations.

Page(s): 18-23

Date of Publication: 19 May 2020

Ejinkonye I.O.
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria

References

[1] Dysthe, K., Krogstad, H.E., and Muller, P., (2008). Oceanic Rogue Waves. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 40:287-310.
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[7] Liao, S.J., (2011). On The Homotopy Multiple-variable Method and Its Applications in the Interactions of Nonlinear Gravity Waves. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer.Simul. 16(3) :1274–1303.
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Ejinkonye I.O. "Analytical Expression of Surface Wave Elevation Using Homotopy Analysis Method*_n" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.18-23 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/18-23.pdf

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Learning Influence Factors on Building Technology in Colleges of Education in Nigeria

USMAN, Nathaniel Jibrin and BINNI, Danjuma Beji (Ph.D)
May 2020
Page No.: 24-27

The study assessed learning influence factors on building technology in colleges of education in Nigeria. Two research questions were raised to guide the study and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at .5 level of significant. The research design used for this study was the descriptive survey research design. The study was carried out in Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of all the 246 building technology lecturers in colleges of education in Nigeria. The sample for the study consisted of 73 building technology lecturers, 31 from federal colleges of education and 42 from State colleges of education. Stratified random technique was used to select one each federal and State colleges of education from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria to represent the population. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was content validated by three building technology experts, two from Federal University of Technology, Minna and one from Niger State college of education, Minna. Cronbach Alpha statistical technique was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and yielded .88 and .89 coefficients. The study employed the use of mean to answer the research questions and Z-test to test the null hypotheses. Findings revealed among others that, intelligence, learning style, students’ needs, interest, aptitude, attitude, motivation, mental health, inspiration to achieve learning and emotional condition of students were found to be learning influence factors associated to students on building technology in colleges of education in Nigeria. The study recommended that, lecturers should give attention to the identified learning influence factors associated to students and environment in order to promote learning of building technology in colleges of education in Nigeria.

Page(s): 24-27

Date of Publication: 22 May 2020

USMAN, Nathaniel Jibrin
Department of Building Technology Education, Niger State College of Education, Minna, Nigeria
BINNI, Danjuma Beji (Ph.D)
Department of Building Technology Education, Niger State College of Education, Minna, Nigeria

References

[1] Anaele, E. O. & Okoro, C. E. (2014). Innovations on building technology and curriculum revision needs of colleges of education (technical) in Nigeria. IJSR - International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(2), Online.
[2] Anaele, E. O. (2018). Problems of building construction in Nigeria. Ebonyi Technology and Vocational Education Journal, 1(1), 61 – 70.
[3] Bouton, M. E. (2017). Learning and behavior: A contemporary synthesis. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
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[5] Dave, R. H. (2018). Developing and writing behavioral objectives. London: Educational Innovators.
[6] Domjan, M. (2010). Principles of learning and behavior (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Cengage.
[7] Ezeukwu, F. I. (2016). Managing students’ hostel accommodation problems in problems in colleges of education in Anambra and Enugu States. Unpublished M.Ed project, Department of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
[8] Mineka, S. &Zinbarg, R. (2006). A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders. American Psychologist, 61(12), 10-26.
[9] Mitchell, C. J., De Houwer, J., &Lovibond, P. F. (2009). The propositional nature of human associative learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(8), 183-198.
[10] Mulki, J., Jaramillo, F. &Locander, W. (2016). Effects of ethical climate and supervisory trust on salesperson’s job attitudes and intentions to quit. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 26(1), 20-26.
[11] National Commission for Colleges of Education (2012). Minimum standard. Abuja: Government Press.
[12] Nwite, O. &Nwuche, R. A. (2016). Evaluation of students’ personnel services in colleges of education in Nigeria. British Journal of Education, 4(7), 82-98.

USMAN, Nathaniel Jibrin and BINNI, Danjuma Beji (Ph.D) "Learning Influence Factors on Building Technology in Colleges of Education in Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.14-20 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/14-20.pdf

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COVID-19 and E-Learning: Nigeria Tertiary Education System Experience

Adeoye, I. A., Adanikin, A. F., Adanikin, A.
May 2020
Page No.: 28-31

Globally, the world is faced with the COVID-19 pandemic which has held the economy at ransom not exempting the educational sector. This pandemic has brought about recent changes and disruptions in the educational sector which serves as a catalyst for the development of any nation. Educational sector globally is seen to be shifting towards e-learning in order to cushion the effect of this pandemic. However, developing countries evidence from the Nigeria experience are posed with the challenge of shifting from the traditional teaching method to the e-learning during the pandemic. The challenges arise as a result of the varying degree of preparedness of the institutions, lack of infrastructures, paucity of funds and policies issues in the Nigeria education sector. It is in tandem with this prevailing issues that this study examines the Nigeria educational system based on the global pandemic. This paper further discusses the necessity of e-learning; identifies and discuss challenges as well as opportunities. Recommendations to enhance e-learning during and post COVID-19 were also given.

Page(s): 28-31

Date of Publication: 22 May 2020

Adeoye, I. A.
Department of Business Admin., Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State, Nigeria
Adanikin, A. F.
Department of Social Science Education, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Adanikin, A.
Department of Civil Engineering, Elizade University, IlaraMokin, Ondo State, Nigeria

References

[1] Ameh, J. & Aluko, O. (2019). 2019 budget: Education gets 620.5bn, against UNESCO’s advice. Retrieved from: https://punchng.com/2019-budget-education-gets-n620-5bn-against-unescos-advice/
[2] Arkorful, V. & Abaidoo, N. (2014). The role of e-learning, the advantages and disadvantages of its adoption in Higher Education. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(12), 397-410
[3] Eze, S. C., Chinedu-Eze, V. C. & Bello, A. O. (2018). The utilization of e-learning facilities in the educational delivery system of Nigeria: a study of M-University. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(34), 1-20
[4] Guragain, N. (2016). E-learning benefits and applications. Helsinki University of Applied Sciences Thesis. Retrieved from: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/105103/Guragain_Nischal.pdf?sequence=1
[5] Kacerauskas, M. and Kusaityte, J. (2020). Japanese University Found a Genius Solution for Their Graduation Ceremony During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Retrieved from: https://www.boredpanda.com/quarantine-covid-19-graduation-bbt-university-japan/?utm_source=nairaland&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=organic
[6] Ndujihe, C. (2018). Education sector gets paltry N3.9 trillion out of N55.19 trillion in 10 years. Retrieved from: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/education-free-fall/
[7] Parks, E. (2013). What’s the “e” in e-learning? Ask International.com
[8] Pingle, S. S. (2011). Higher education student’s readiness for E-Learning. Techno LEARN, 1(1), 155-165
[9] UNESCO (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response. Retrieved from: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse

Adeoye, I. A., Adanikin, A. F., Adanikin, A. "COVID-19 and E-Learning: Nigeria Tertiary Education System Experience" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.28-31 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/21-27.pdf

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Method of Taylor’s Series for the Primitive of Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Kavita Bhatnagar, Arti Dua
May 2020
Page No.: 32-35

Integral equations are playing an increasingly important role in obtaining the solution of many scientific and engineering problems such as determination of potentials, seismic travel time, optical fibers and system identification. In this paper, authors have solved linear second kind non-homogeneous Volterra integral equations (V.I.E.) using Taylor series method. Authors have been considered three numerical examples for explaining the complete methodology. Results of numerical examples show that Taylor series method is very useful and effective numerical method for handling the problem of obtaining the primitives of linear second kind non-homogeneous V.I.E.

Page(s): 32-35

Date of Publication: 25 May 2020

Sudhanshu Aggarwal
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National P.G. College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India
Kavita Bhatnagar
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida-201306, U.P., India
Arti Dua
Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Science & Humanities, I.T.S. Engineering College, Greater Noida-201308, U.P., India

References

[1] Chauhan, R. and Aggarwal, S., Laplace transform for convolution type linear Volterra integral equation of second kind, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&4), 1-7, 2019.
[2] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., A new application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, 7(4), 138-140, 2018.
[3] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., A new application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, Asian Resonance, 7(2), 46-48, 2018.
[4] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Solution of linear Volterra integral equations of second kind using Mohand transform, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3098-3102, 2018.
[5] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., A new application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, Asian Resonance, 7(3), 156-158, 2018.
[6] Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, N., Laplace transform for the solution of first kind linear Volterra integral equation, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&4), 16-23, 2019.
[7] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(8), 2081-2088, 2018.
[8] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(9), 154-161, 2018.
[9] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3745-3753, 2018.
[10] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., Application of Elzaki transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3687-3692, 2018.
[11] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A.R. and Sharma, S.D., A new application of Shehu transform for handling Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(4), 439-445, 2019.
[12] Sharma, N. and Aggarwal, S., Laplace transform for the solution of Abel’s integral equation, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&4), 8-15, 2019.
[13] Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, S.D., Application of Kamal transform for solving Abel’s integral equation, Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(3), 82-90, 2019.
[14] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Gupta, A.R., A new application of Mohand transform for handling Abel’s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 600-608, 2019.
[15] Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, S.D., Solution of Abel’s integral equation by Aboodh transform method, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 317-325, 2019.
[16] Aggarwal, S. and Gupta, A.R., Sumudu transform for the solution of Abel’s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 423-431, 2019.
[17] Aggarwal, S. and Gupta, A.R., Shehu transform for solving Abel’s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(5), 101-110, 2019.
[18] Aggarwal, S. and Bhatnagar, K., Solution of Abel’s integral equation using Sadik transform, Asian Resonance, Vol. 8 No. 2, (Part-1), 57-63, April 2019.
[19] Wazwaz, A.M., A first course in integral equations, World Scientific, Singapore, 1997.
[20] Moiseiwitsch, B.L., Integral equations, Longman, London and New York, 1977.
[21] Wazwaz, A.M., Linear and nonlinear integral equations: Methods and applications, Springer, 2011.

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Kavita Bhatnagar, Arti Dua "Method of Taylor’s Series for the Primitive of Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.32-35 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/32-35.pdf

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Succession Planning and Sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South East, Nigeria

Osita, Fabian Chinedu, Kekeocha, Mary Ezinne, Ojimba, Chigozie Chinonso
May 2020
Page No.: 36-39

The study investigated sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South East Nigeria. The population was 1000 owners of SMEs selected from the two major markets in the region. Survey research design was adopted by the study. The instrument for data collection was a self-structured questionnaire which underwent both face and content validity and was also put through Crombach Alpha reliability test with an Alpha value of .837. Regression analysis was used in analysing the data gathered in the cause of the study and hypothesis was tested at 5% level of significance. The result indicated that most of the businesses are still in their first generation. From the hypothesis test, it was revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship existing between mentoring and continuity of SMEs in the selected markets in the area studied (r = .933; R² = .871, F = 6562.226; p-value < 0.05). Following this finding, it was concluded that mentoring people to take over the business at the retirement or demise of owner/founder gives a fillip to business sustainability. It was therefore recommended among other things that business owners need to start the mentoring process of successors early so as to get them equipped for the role of management and leadership in the business in the event of demise or retirement of the owners.

Page(s): 36-39

Date of Publication: 25 May 2020

Osita, Fabian Chinedu
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Kekeocha, Mary Ezinne
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Ojimba, Chigozie Chinonso
Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc, Warri Delta State, Nigeria

References

[1] Ariyo.D. (2008). Small firms are the backbone of the Nigeria economy. Africa economic Analysis. Academy of Management Journal 1(1), 109-124.
[2] Cristina. G. (2010). Leadership, diversity and succession planning in leadennia. http:// cshe.berkeley.eddu/
[3] Holy Bible (1976). King James Version. Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] Kellermans, F.W., & Eddleston, K. H. (2004). Founding Families: when conflicts does a family firm good. Entrepreneurship Theory and practice, 28(1), 209-280
[5] Miller, N. & Meloed, H (2005). Managing family businesses in small communities. Journal of small Business Management 39(1), 73-87
[6] Nnabuife, E. K. & Okoli, I. E. (2017). Succession planning and sustainability of selected family owned Businesses in Anambra state, Nigeria. European journal of Business and management, 9(34).
[7] Ogundele O. J. K., Idris A. A., & Ahmed-ogundipe K. A. (2012). entrepreneurial succession problems in Nigeria’s family Businesses: A threat to sustainability. European scientific journal 8(7), 208-227.
[8] Ogundele, O. J. K. (2007). Introduction to Entrepreneurship Dev. Corporate Governance and small business management.
[9] Ojo, A.T. (2004). Partnership and Strategic Alliance of Effective SME Development, in Small and Medium Development and SMIEIS, Ade T. Ojo (ed.). Retrieved at: http//:www.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/…/prof.+j.a.t.ojo/ on 19-04-2020
[10] Onwuka, E. M., Ekwelugo, O., Dibua, E., & Ezeayim, E. (2017). Succession management and organisation survival in selected transportation in Onitsha, Nigeria. International journal of Management of sciences and Business research, 6(1) ….
[11] Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2015). New 9th edition. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

Osita, Fabian Chinedu, Kekeocha, Mary Ezinne, Ojimba, Chigozie Chinonso "Succession Planning and Sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South East, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.36-39 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/36-39.pdf

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Method of Taylor’s Series for Non-Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Swarg Deep Sharma, Renu Chaudhary
May 2020
Page No.: 40-43

Integral equations are playing an increasingly important role in obtaining the solution of many scientific and engineering problems such as determination of potentials, seismic travel time, optical fibers and system identification. In this paper, authors have solved non-linear second kind non-homogeneous Volterra integral equations (V.I.E.) using Taylor series method. Authors have been considered two numerical examples for explaining the complete methodology. Results of numerical examples show that Taylor series method is very useful and effective numerical method for handling the problem of obtaining the primitives of non-linear second kind non-homogeneous V.I.E.

Page(s): 40-43

Date of Publication: 25 May 2020

Sudhanshu Aggarwal
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National P.G. College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India
Swarg Deep Sharma
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Nand Lal Singh College Jaitpur Daudpur Constituent of Jai Prakash University Chhapra-841205, Bihar, India
Renu Chaudhary
Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Science & Humanities, I.T.S. Engineering College, Greater Noida-201308, U.P., India

References

[1]. Chauhan, R. and Aggarwal, S., Laplace transform for convolution type linear Volterra integral equation of second kind, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&4), 1-7, 2019.
[2]. Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., A new application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, 7(4), 138-140, 2018.
[3]. Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., A new application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, Asian Resonance, 7(2), 46-48, 2018.
[4]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Solution of linear Volterra integral equations of second kind using Mohand transform, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3098-3102, 2018.
[5]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., A new application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, Asian Resonance, 7(3), 156-158, 2018.
[6]. Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, N., Laplace transform for the solution of first kind linear Volterra integral equation, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&4), 16-23, 2019.
[7]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(8), 2081-2088, 2018.
[8]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(9), 154-161, 2018.
[9]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3745-3753, 2018.
[10]. Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., Application of Elzaki transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3687-3692, 2018.
[11]. Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A.R. and Sharma, S.D., A new application of Shehu transform for handling Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(4), 439-445, 2019.
[12]. Sharma, N. and Aggarwal, S., Laplace transform for the solution of Abel’s integral equation, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&4), 8-15, 2019.
[13]. Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, S.D., Application of Kamal transform for solving Abel’s integral equation, Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(3), 82-90, 2019.
[14]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Gupta, A.R., A new application of Mohand transform for handling Abel’s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 600-608, 2019.
[15]. Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, S.D., Solution of Abel’s integral equation by Aboodh transform method, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 317-325, 2019.
[16]. Aggarwal, S. and Gupta, A.R., Sumudu transform for the solution of Abel’s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 423-431, 2019.
[17]. Aggarwal, S. and Gupta, A.R., Shehu transform for solving Abel’s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(5), 101-110, 2019.
[18]. Aggarwal, S. and Bhatnagar, K., Solution of Abel’s integral equation using Sadik transform, Asian Resonance, Vol. 8 No. 2, (Part-1), 57-63, April 2019.
[19]. Wazwaz, A.M., A first course in integral equations, World Scientific, Singapore, 1997.
[20]. Moiseiwitsch, B.L., Integral equations, Longman, London and New York, 1977.
[21]. Wazwaz, A.M., Linear and nonlinear integral equations: Methods and applications, Springer, 2011.

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Swarg Deep Sharma, Renu Chaudhary "Method of Taylor’s Series for Non-Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.40-43 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/40-43.pdf

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Modelling Lassa fever Dynamics Incorporating Quarantine Rate

N. O. Nweze, Joseph I. K, Alhaji Ismail S., Lucas W. L., A. Z. Loko
May 2020
Page No.: 44-50

In this article a Lassa fever dynamics control that incorporates quarantine class is proposed. The population is sub-divided into two sub population namely the human and rodent class. The human population was sub-divided into four sub-classes: susceptible, S_H (t), infected, I_H (t), quarantine, Q_H (t) and recovered, Q_H (t) humans while the rodent class is sub-divided into susceptible, S_R (t) and infected, I_R (t)rodents. The Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) was analysed and investigated using stability theory of differential equations. The sufficient condition for disease free equilibrium was checked using Jacobian matrix approach. It wasshown that the introduced quarantine parameter helps in controlling and eradication of Lassa fever virus in the population with respect to time.Numerical simulations were also carried out to investigate the influence of key parameters on the spread of the disease, especially the quarantine parameter to support the analytical conclusion and illustrate possible behavioural scenario of the model.

Page(s): 44-50

Date of Publication: 27 May 2020

N. O. Nweze
Statistics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria
Joseph I. K
Statistics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria
Alhaji Ismail S.
Mathematics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria
Lucas W. L.
Mathematics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria
A. Z. Loko
Department of Statistics, Osun State College of Science and Technology, Esa-Oke, Nigeria

References

[1] Fisher –Hosh, S. P., Tomori, O., Nasidi A, Perez-Oronoz, G. I., Fakile Y., Hutwagner, L., & McCormick, J. B. (1995). Review of Cases of nosocomial Lassa fever Nigeria: the High Price of Poor Medical Practice. Pp 857-9
[2] Okuonghae, D. &Okuonghae, A I. (2006). A Mathematical Model for Lassa fever.Journal of National Association of mathematical Physics,10:457-464.
[3] Ogabi, C.O., Olusa, T.V. &Madufor, M. A. (2012). Controlling Lassa fever Transmission in Northern Part of Edo State, Nigeria Using SIR Model.New York Science Journal,5(12):3-8
[4] Bawa, G. S., Abia, E. E., Omage, J. J., Hassan, M. R., Abdul, S. B. (2013). Nutritive value of Dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus CV. Rongai forage Cut at Different Stages of Growth on Performance of Weaned rabbits. Nigeria J. Anim. Sci., 15: Pp 23-36
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N. O. Nweze, Joseph I. K, Alhaji Ismail S., Lucas W. L., A. Z. Loko "Modelling Lassa fever Dynamics Incorporating Quarantine Rate " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.44-50 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/44-50.pdf

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Heavy Metal Loads in Selected Vegetables Raised With Roadside Soils in South-Western Nigeria: Suitability for Consumption

Ekundayo, T.O., Kekere, O, Fatoba, P.O
May 2020
Page No.: 51-54

Heavy metal contamination of vegetables cannot be underestimated as these foodstuffs are important components of human diet. A study to investigate the heavy metal content in four selected vegetables (Amaranthus virdis, Corchorus olitorus, Solanum melogena and Abelmoschus esculentus) raised with Akure-Ilesa and Ife-Ibadan roadside soils was carried out. Soil samples were collected at two different locations each along Akure-Ilesa and Ife-Ibadan road. The samples were digested using Aqua regia method and heavy metals; Cd, Pb, Cr and Zn contents determined with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The study revealed that the vegetables varied in the amount of heavy metals absorbed from the soil. Of all the four raised vegetables Abelmoschus esculentus had the highest content of 0.391, 0.041, 0.042 and 0.516 mg/kg for Akure-Ilesa and 0.420, 0.037, 0.045 and 0.550 mg/kg for Ife-Ibadan of Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn respectively. It can be concluded that the selected vegetables accumulated high concentrations of Pb and Zn but low amount of Cd and Cr.

Page(s): 51-54

Date of Publication: 05 June 2020

Ekundayo, T.O.
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko P.M.B. 001, Akungba Ondo State, Nigeria
Kekere, O
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko P.M.B. 001, Akungba Ondo State, Nigeria
Fatoba, P.O
Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

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Ekundayo, T.O., Kekere, O, Fatoba, P.O "Heavy Metal Loads in Selected Vegetables Raised With Roadside Soils in South-Western Nigeria: Suitability for Consumption " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.51-54 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/51-54.pdf

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Assessment of the Short-term Effect of Different Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Population, Biomass Carbon and Microbial Diversity in Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Based Soil

Iwoh, E. F., Onyegbula, O. D., Ibok, I. U. and Peter U. U.
May 2020
Page No.: 55-60

A field experiment was conducted to examine the short-term impacts of replacing inorganic by organic fertilizers on the soil microbial community and biomass carbon relevant for soil fertility and crop yield, using randomized complete block design; with Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as the test plant. Three types of fertilization regimes were compared as treatments: Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium (NPK) fertilizer, Poultry manure (PM), Lime (LM) and non-fertilized (Control). Soil samples were collected from the surface (0-20 cm) soil for physicochemical properties, and microbial analysis before and after treatments at monthly intervals for 3 months. The data were subjected to Duncan new multiple range’s test at p≤0.05. Cultural morphology and biochemical identification were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Results obtained showed that the organically treated plot recorded the maximum microbial population counts (bacterial and fungal) and microbial biomass carbon, followed by the inorganically treated plot and control. A significant variation in bacterial population was found between control and treated plots (organic and inorganic) at p≤0.05. Organic plot also exhibited a significant variation in fungal population with the inorganically treated plot and control (p≤0.05). The application of organic fertilizers increased the organic carbon content of the soil and thereby increasing the microbial counts and microbial biomass carbon as well as microbial diversity trait. The use of inorganic fertilizers resulted in low organic carbon content, microbial counts and microbial biomass carbon of the soil, although it increased the soil’s NPK level which could be explained by the rates of fertilizers being applied. Microbial isolates and percentage occurrence in the soil sample were; Staphylococcus aureus (100%), Bacillus cereus (100%), Escherichia coli (100%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (86.7%), Streptococcus pyogenes (86.7%), Proteus mirabilis(53.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (100%), Enterobacter cloacae (53.3%), Rhizobium (60.0%), Clostridium sp (53.3%), Fusarium (53.3%), Clasdosporium (53.3%), Penicillium nalgiovense (60.0%) and Aspergillus niger (80.0%). A link between different fertilizers application and soil microbial components was tentatively established, but needs to be verified in further studies.

Page(s): 55-60

Date of Publication: 05 June 2020

Iwoh, E. F.
Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
National Root Crops Research Institute Umudike, P.M.B. 7006 Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria
Onyegbula, O. D.
National Root Crops Research Institute Umudike, P.M.B. 7006 Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria
Ibok, I. U.
Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Peter U. U.
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria

References

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Iwoh, E. F., Onyegbula, O. D., Ibok, I. U. and Peter U. U. "Assessment of the Short-term Effect of Different Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Population, Biomass Carbon and Microbial Diversity in Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Based Soil" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.55-60 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/55-60.pdf

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Technical Efficiency of Maize Production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Ayodele, J.T., Ijah, A.A., Ishola, B.F., Danbaki, C.A., Yahaya, U.F., Oladele, O.N.
May 2020
Page No.: 61-68

This study examined the technical efficiency of maize production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State , Nigeria. Primary data were collected for this study using a multistage sampling technique to select 100 maize farmers from the study area. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and stochastic production frontier. The socio-economic characteristics of respondents as evident from the data analysis revealed that 87% were males with 99% of the farmers in their working age group of between 21-60 years. Most (81%) of them were married with 52 % of the maize farmers having household size of more than 5 people . Also, 52.0% had post primary school education and 72 % of the farmers had 2hectares of farm size and above while only 34 % of the farmers had above 5years of experience in maize farming. The result also revealed that all the variables measured positively influenced maize output but those that were significant are farm size (α0.01) and fertilizer (α0.01) while those factors that significantly affecting inefficiency were age(α0.01), extension services (α0.01),maize variety (α0.01), access to credit (α0.01) and educational level (α0.01). However access to credit was positively signed which negate a priori expectation. Mean technical efficiency level of the farmers is estimated to be 54%, indicating that the possibility of increasing maize output in the study area given the current state of technology and inputs level can be achieved in the short run by increasing the technical efficiency level of the farmers by 46% through the adoption of practices of the best maize farmer. The study recommended that provision should be made by governments and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector to provide farmers with access to affordable inputs such as seed, pesticides, herbicides, as well as making provision for alternative source of labour.

Page(s): 61-68

Date of Publication: 12 May 2020

Ayodele, J.T.
Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria
Ijah, A.A.
Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria
Ishola, B.F.
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Danbaki, C.A.
Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria
Yahaya, U.F.
Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria
Oladele, O.N.
Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria

References

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Ayodele, J.T., Ijah, A.A., Ishola, B.F., Danbaki, C.A., Yahaya, U.F., Oladele, O.N. "Technical Efficiency of Maize Production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.61-68 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/61-68.pdf

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Budget Analysis of the Capital Expenditure Trend of Local Governments in Rivers State, Nigeria (2003-2017)

Sampson Alele Beals
May 2020
Page No.: 69-79

Capital expenditures of Local governments form the spring board for infrastructure development. The strength and pattern of capital expenditure over time can reveal the nature of government emphasis on infrastructure provision. This study analyses the budgetary trend of capital expenditure of Rivers State Local government areas. The population of this study is the 23 local governments of Rivers state, Nigeria. Secondary data were collected which included both aggregate capital expenditure and disaggregate capital expenditure of selected infrastructure sectors spanning 2003-2017 from yearly appropriation bill or budgets of local governments in the state. Using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Study reveals that capital expenditure as a percentage of the total revenue expenditure of government is low in the local government areas of Rivers state. Further, the spatial distribution of capital expenditure significantly differs across the LGAs and across infrastructural sectors. Forecasting capital expenditure from one local government to another is thus difficult. The local government expenditures are more on recurrent expenditure in comparison to capital expenditure. This depicts a poor situation for infrastructural development in the LGAs. It is recommended that the local governments allocate more funds to capital expenditures than recurrent expenditures, and beef up their capital expenditures to health and agriculture/rural development which are noted to be neglected but are fore front sectors that are quite needful.

Page(s): 69-79

Date of Publication: 15 June 2020

Sampson Alele Beals
Department of Quantity Surveying, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

References

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Sampson Alele Beals "Budget Analysis of the Capital Expenditure Trend of Local Governments in Rivers State, Nigeria (2003-2017)" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.69-79 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/69-79.pdf

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Demographic Effects on Public Capital Expenditures of Infrastructure Sectors in Rivers State Local Government Areas, Nigeria (2003-2017)

Sampson Alele Beals
May 2020
Page No.: 80-92

Capital investments on public infrastructural development are noted to be influenced by demographic factors though mostly not taken seriously by governments. This study is an empirical assessment of the effect of demographic factors on public infrastructure expenditures in Rivers state local government areas (LGAs) infrastructure sectors. It is a time series study (2003-2017) covering the entire 23 LGAs of Rivers state. Secondary data were collected from government public expenditure records, yearly appropriation bill or budgets, national population commission, National Bureau of Statistics, Central Bank of Nigeria Publications, and some research articles; and comprises capital expenditure (capex) of individual sectors and various demographic variables (population, population density, number of households, and per capita revenue). Data analysis was carried out using mainly multiple regression method. At 5 % level of significance, the study reveals that there is significant relationship between capital expenditure and aggregate demographic factors in Rural electrification, Transportation (roads and bridges), and Community development infrastructure sectors only. However, in relation to individual demographic factors, only population density is relating positively with all sector capital expenditures. Thus this study concludes that capital investments of the said infrastructural sectors are the ones sensitive to the LGAs’ demographic demands. With regards to individual demographic variables, population density is a prominent influencer of capital expenditure. The Study recommends among others that at the LGA’s infrastructure sectors level, though noted that there is significant and positive demographic effect on capital expenditure of very few sectors, government should endeavour to spread the gesture to possibly all other infrastructure sectors.

Page(s): 80-92

Date of Publication: 15 June 2020

Sampson Alele Beals
Department of Quantity Surveying, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

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Sampson Alele Beals "Demographic Effects on Public Capital Expenditures of Infrastructure Sectors in Rivers State Local Government Areas, Nigeria (2003-2017)" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.80-92 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/80-92.pdf

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Exploring Better Teaching Methods by Surveying from Computer Science Students (Case Study for Software Engineering)

Khin Shin Thant, Thet Thet Aung, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin
May 2020
Page No.: 93-96

Software engineer is an engineering discipline. It applies to all aspects of software development from the start of the system. Software Engineering is a field of computer science that involves the development and development of computer software and software applications. Computer software is made up of programs that include computer equipment and operating systems. Software testing is a fundamental function of a software engineer. The main difficult of testing is how the appropriate things to check out the software system do. When software testing is taught in the classroom, student interested upon these subject is centered. This paper is learning better teaching techniques by taking surveys from computer science students (case study for software engineering subject).As the student assessment 10%, assignment 10%, quiz 10%, discussion 10% and tutorial 10% and 60% are examined as three hours exam. Especially, concerned with software testing and the faculty determine which part of the assessment is done more according to average mark of all student in each topic.

Page(s): 93-96

Date of Publication: 16 June 2020

Khin Shin Thant
Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar
Thet Thet Aung
Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar
Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin
Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar

References

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[8]. B.Boehm, et al., “Software Cost Estimation with COCOMO II”, Prentice Hall, 2000.
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[10]. https://www.onlineengineeringprograms.com/faq/cs-vs-software-engineering

Khin Shin Thant, Thet Thet Aung, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin "Exploring Better Teaching Methods by Surveying from Computer Science Students (Case Study for Software Engineering)" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.93-96 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/93-96.pdf

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Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves Extract of Nymphaea Lotus

Abdulrahman Mahmud, Hussain Umar Gende, Sha’aban Sallau, Yushau Salim, Abubakar Abbas, Abubakar Muhammad Zango & Sham’unu Aliyu Isma’il
May 2020
Page No.: 97-101

Nymphaea lotus, Commonly known as white water lily (English) or Bado (Hausa), belongs to the family Nymphaea-ceace. It is used in traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac, anodyne, astringent, cardiotonic, sedative, demulcent, analgesic and as anti-inflammatory agents. The present study, therefore is aimed at evaluating the chemical components of the plant as well as the antioxidant properties of its ethanolic, ethylacetate, chloroformic, petroleum ether and water extracts. The fresh leaves of Nymphaea lotus was collected from Bauchi LGA, Bauchi State and authenticated in the Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. The fine powdered sample (200g) was macerized until crude extracts was obtained. This was then concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 40^°C to give a crude ethanol fraction (CF). Extraction yield was also determined (13.2 % recovery). Partition of the crude ethanol fractor was performed further with slight modifications. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the plants extracts was performed using standard procedures. The results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, terpenes and steroids. The presence of one secondary metabolite in one solvent extract and the absence in another solvent extract might be due to difference in solvent polarity which agrees with the rule of thumb ‘like dissolves like’. The antioxidants activity of the samples was determined using Reducing Power Assay. The reduction power of ethanol , petroleum ether , chloroform , ethyl acetate , and aqueous extracts of Nymphaea lotus leaf were expressed based on IC₅₀values and the result range from 86.60 ± 0.05 µg/cm³ (IP = 11.57 ± 0.05) to 248.92 ± 0.43 µg/cm³ (IP = 4.77 ± 0.55). Ethyl acetate extract has the lowest value of IC₅₀(86.60 ± 0.05 at 20 µg/cm³) while petroleum ether has the highest value of IC_50.(248.92 ± 0.43µg/cm³. The lower the value of IC_{50 (higher} IP ), the better the antioxidant activity. The result showed that ethyl acetate has the highest antioxidant activity (lower value of IC₅₀) followed by aqueous extracts and ethanol extract as the lowest. Although, ethyl acetate has the lowest polarity index, it has higher molecular weight compared to ethanol and water. It has been noted that the higher the molecular weight of the solvent the lower the polarity which allows other substances of about the same molecular weight to be easily extracted. However the activity of the extracts was found to be less when compared to the standard (ascorbic acid). IC₅₀value for standard was found to be 34.62 ± 9.39 µg/cm³ at 20 µg/cm³

Page(s): 97-101

Date of Publication: 16 June 2020

Abdulrahman Mahmud
Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Hussain Umar Gende
Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Sha’aban Sallau
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
Yushau Salim
Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
Abubakar Abbas
Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Abubakar Muhammad Zango
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
Sham’unu Aliyu Isma’il
Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria

References

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Abdulrahman Mahmud, Hussain Umar Gende, Sha’aban Sallau, Yushau Salim, Abubakar Abbas, Abubakar Muhammad Zango & Sham’unu Aliyu Isma’il "Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves Extract of Nymphaea Lotus" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.97-101 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/97-101.pdf

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Improve Agricultural Production by Making the Right Decisions for Crop Diseases

Myat Mon Khaing, Khin Shin Thant, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin
May 2020
Page No.: 102-105

Infectious plant diseases can cause infections, infections, and infections. Infection and Infection. Small organisms infect plants and lose nutrients. Bacteria Insects. Many types of application domains are essential to identify measurement types. This is probably the most important part of a proper diagnostic system. Decisions about crop diseases must be made by the Proposed Decision Support System (DSS). It is a unified computing device which allows decision makers to communicate directly with computers. This system proposes a decision-support system for separating crops using Bayesian Analysis. A key feature of the proposed system is to provide an integrated tool for diagnostic applications. This paper is making the right decisions for crop diseases to improve agricultural production. Therefore, a careful review of the symptoms reported may help with symptoms. The main purpose of this system is to give people information about the diseases they want to know.

Page(s): 102-105

Date of Publication: 16 May 2020

Myat Mon Khaing
Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar
Khin Shin Thant
Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar
Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin
Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar

References

[1]. A. Sime (University of New York College at Brockport, USA), “Web Mining:Applications and Techniques”, Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, London, Melbourne, Singapore, ISBN 159140414-2,2004.
[2]. Chi-Caung LAU and Kuo-Hsin HSIAO (Researcher, Energy and resource Labora- tories, Industrial Technology Research Institute), “Bayesian Classification for Rice PaddyInterpretation”.
[3]. DIANA DU MTRU, “Prediction of recurrent event in breast cancer using the Naïve Bayesian classification”, Annals of university Cralova.
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https://blog.agrivi.com/post/crop-diseases-the-nightmare-of-every-farmer
[7]. Vittorio ROSSI, tito CAFFI and Francesca SALINARI, “Helping farmers face the increasing complexity of decision-making for crop protection”, Phytopathologia Mediterranea(2012) 51, 3, 457-479.

Myat Mon Khaing, Khin Shin Thant, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin "Improve Agricultural Production by Making the Right Decisions for Crop Diseases" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.102-105 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue5/102-105.pdf

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International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science

ISSN No. 2454-6194

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Technical Efficiency of Maize Production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Budget Analysis of the Capital Expenditure Trend of Local Governments in Rivers State, Nigeria (2003-2017)

Demographic Effects on Public Capital Expenditures of Infrastructure Sectors in Rivers State Local Government Areas, Nigeria (2003-2017)

Exploring Better Teaching Methods by Surveying from Computer Science Students (Case Study for Software Engineering)

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves Extract of Nymphaea Lotus

Improve Agricultural Production by Making the Right Decisions for Crop Diseases