The word of engineering design is under revolution at present designers and engineers are able to produced results within hours or days while this process used to take a period of week or month just a decade ago. Such advancement in field of Designing can be attributed to the technology known as 3D printing for Rapid prototyping. 3D printing is about to make a huge impact in our daily life after transforming the world of Designing completely. This work Lays emphasis on how Rapid prototyping is changing the word of manufacturing and tool designing and analysis is done on number of rapid prototyping techniques. Aim of the author is to point out the factors that have led to such revolutionary growth in the field of manufacturing and designing and also try to find out solution to some of the problems faced by the industry in the above given process. In 1981 a researcher with the name of Hideo Kodama of Nagoya Industrial Research Institute published research on photopolymers it was the first functional Rapid prototyping system build. In 1984, 3 years after him Charles Hull created history by inventing a completely new process of 3D prototyping known as a stereo lithography, this new technique for the very first time allowed designers to create 3D models directly from CAD inputs the first ever tangible 3D prototype was manufactured. The industry is going under Rapid development and research and there is a competition between different organizations to come up with new research on Rapid prototyping processes the material used for 3D painting. Manufacturing better 3D printers using the computer network and internet to take 3D prototyping on a global scale and allowing development 3D printing Laboratories which can be accessed by an inventor sitting on other hemisphere of the planet. Very soon Rapid prototyping process will overtake conventional manufacturing process.
- Page(s): 01-05
- Date of Publication: 18 June 2020
- Manish Chouhan Research Scholar LIET, Alwar, Rajasthan
- Nahid Akhtar Assistant Professor LIET, Alwar, Rajasthan
References
[1]. D. T. Pham, S. S. Dimov Rapid Manufacturing: the Technologies and Applications of Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling, Springer, London, 2001 and Alternative materials for rapid tooling. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 121, 2002, [2]. Rapid Manufacturing: the Technologies and Applications of Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling, Springer, London, 2018 [3]. Web-based manufacturing systems: a review. International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 41, No. 15, 2018 [4]. B. Kieback., A. Neubrand Processing techniques for functionally graded materials. Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 362, 2019, pp. 81–105 [5]. N. E. Sanjana, S. B. Fuller, A fast flexible ink-jet printing method for patterning dissociated neurons in culture. J Neurosci Meth, Vol. 136 [6]. Vinod G. Gokhare, Dr. D. N. Raut, Dr. D. K. Shinde. A Review paper on 3D-Printing Aspects and Various Processes Used in the 3D-Printing Recent developments in 3D printable composite materials published 08/12/2018 [7]. Alexandru Pîrjan, Dana Mihaela Petrosanu The Impact of 3D Printing technology on the society and Economy [8]. Cheng-Tiao Hsieh Development of an integrated system of 3D printer and laser carving Published IEEE 2018, [9]. Valentina Mazzanti, Lorenzo Malagutti and Francesco Mollica FDM 3D Printing of Polymers Containing Natural Fillers: A Review of their Mechanical Properties Received: 30 May 2019; Accepted: 24 June 2019; Published: 28 June 2019 [10]. Pitt, K.; Lopez-Botello, O.; Lafferty, A.D.; Todd, I.; Mumtaz, K. Investigation into the material properties of wooden composite structures with in-situ fibre reinforcement using additive manufacturing. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2017, 138, 32–39. [CrossRef] [11]. Le Duigou, A.; Castro, M.; Bevan, R.; Martin, N. 3D printing of wood fibre biocomposites: From mechanical to actuation functionality. Mater. Des. 2016, 96, 106–114. [CrossRef] [12]. Tarrés, Q.; Melbø, J.K.; Delgado-Aguilar, M.; Espinach, F.X.; Mutjé, P.; Chinga-Carrasco, G. Bio-polyethylene reinforced with thermomechanical pulp fibers: Mechanical and micromechanical characterization and its application in 3D-printing by fused deposition modelling. Compos. Part B 2018, 153, 70–77. [CrossRef] [13]. D'Amora, U.; D'Este, M.; Eglin, D.; Safari, F.; Sprecher, M.C.; Gloria, A.; De Santis, R.; Alini, M.; Ambrosio, L. Collagen density gradient on three-dimensional printed poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for interface tissue engineering. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2018, 12, 321–329. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [14]. Zhao, D.; Cai, X.; Shou, G.; Gu, Y.; Wang, P. Study on the preparation of bamboo plastic composite intend for additive manufacturing. Key Eng. Mater. 2016, 667, 250–258 [15]. Šafka, J.; Ackermann, M.; Bobek, J.; Seidl, M.; Habr, J.; Behalek, L. Use of composite materials for FDM 3D print technology. Mater. Sci. Forum 2016, 862, 174–181. [16]. Osman, M.A.; Atia, M.R.A. Investigation of ABS-rice straw composite feedstock filament for FDM. Rapid Prototyp. J. 2018, 24, 1067–1075. [17]. Pop, M.A.; Croitoru, C.; Bed˝o, T.; Geaman, V.; Radomir, I.; Cosnita, M.; Zaharia, S.M.; Chicos, L.A.; Milosan, I. Structural changes during 3D printing of bioderived and synthetic thermoplastic materials. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 47382 [18]. Xie, G.; Zhang, Y.; Lin, W. Plasticizer combinations and performance of wood flour—poly(lactic acid) 3D printing filaments. BioResource 2017, 12, 6736–6748. [19]. Yang, T.C. Effect of extrusion temperature on the physico-mechanical properties of unidirectional wood fiber-reinforced polylactic acid composite (WFRPC) components using fused deposition modeling. Polymers 2018, 10, 976. [20]. Mazzanti, V.; Mollica, F.; El Kissi, N. Rheological and mechanical characterization of polypropylene-based wood plastic composites. Polym. Compos. 2015, 37, 3460–3473.
Manish Chouhan, Nahid Akhtar "An Analysis of Digital Light Manufacturing Process" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.01-05 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/01-05.pdf
This study was conducted to investigate bacterial isolates associated with spoilt tomato fruits (Lycopersicunesculentum) obtained in Lafia metropolis, Northern Nigeria, and their susceptibility pattern on extract of Ocimumgratissimum. A total of 75 pieces of spoilt tomato fruits were purchased from Alamis, Kasuwan tomato, and Modern markets. Samples obtained were transported to the laboratory using sterile polyethylene bags. Spread plate methods were adopted for isolation. Colonies from each agar plates were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Two different extracts, ethanol and methanol were obtained from Ocimumgratissimum. Agar well diffusion and micro-broth dilution technique were used for antibacterial susceptibility test and minimum inhibitory concentration, respectively. Five species of bacteria were identified of which Staphylococcus aureus was the dominant organism with percentage frequency of 19 (30.2%), Escherichia coli15 (23.8%), Salmonella spp12 (19.0%), Proteusspp9 (14.3%), and the least was Pseudomonasspp8 (12.7%). The methanol and ethanol extract of O. gratissimum showed activity against the test organisms. S. aureus was more susceptible to the extract with a mean zone of inhibition of 21.5±0.7mm and 23±2.5mm, respectively. The least activity was recorded in E. coli and Salmonellaspp with a mean zone of inhibition of 13.5±0.7mm and 2.5±0.7mm, respectively, in 100mg/mL.The mean zone of inhibition differs significantly at P<0.05 against the test organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration of O. Gratissimum against the test organisms in ethanol and methanol extract was between 0.19-12.5mg/mL and 0.39-50mg/mL.O. gratissimum could be a potential drug for the treatment of infections. Having identified the presence of harmful bacteria such as S. aureus, Salmonellaspp, Pseudomonasspp Proteusspp Escherichia coli in spoilt tomatoes, the consumption of spoilt and unhealthy tomatoes among members of the populace should be discouraged.
- Page(s): 06-09
- Date of Publication: 21 June 2020
- Peter, U.U.Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
- Mfonido, I.B.Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Nigeria
- Gladys, A.A.Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
- Naja’atu, S.H.Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
- Janet, C.G.Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
- Maryam, A.O.Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
- Kosiso, V.A.Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
- Ogadegbor, A.O.Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
References
[1]. Abdel-Aziz, H., Windeck T., Ploch, M., and Verspohl, E. J. (2006). Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. European Journal of Pharmacology.530:136–143. [2]. Adesegun, E.A., Ajayi, E.O., Adebayo, O.S., Akintokun A.K., Enikumehin O.A. (2012) Effects of Ocimumgratissimum and Aframomummelegueta (K.schum) Extracts on the Growth of Sclerotium rolfsii(Sacc). International Journal of Plant Pathology. 3:74-81 [3]. F.A.O. (2010). Fruits and Vegetables: An Overview on Socio economical and Technical issues. www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4358E/Y435 04.htmF [4]. Uzeh, R.E., Alade, F.A., Bankole, M. (2009). The microbial quality of pre-packed mixed vegetable salad in some retail outlets in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science. 3:270-272 [5]. Adaskaveg, J. E., Forste, H., and Sommer, N. F. (2000). Principles of post-harvest pathology and management of decays of edible horticultural crops. In: Post-harvest technology of horticultural crops.331: 163-195 [6]. Peter, U.U., Emmanuel, M.I., Felix, A. Lawrence, B.E., Bashiru, S. Mfonido, U. Inyang, I.H., Fatimah, A. Gladys, A.A. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of Ocimumgratissimum Against Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Drinking Water Quality in Calabar, Cross River State. International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sciences and Engineering Technology. 6:20-25. [7]. Block, E. (2010). Garlic and other Alliums: The Lore and the Science. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 13:200-210 [8]. Bhuiyan, M. K., Shovan, L. R., Begum, J. A. and Pervez, Z. A. (2008). In vitro control of Colletotrichum dematiumcausing anthracnose of soybean by fungicides, plant extracts and Trichoderma harzianum. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 3:10-17. [9]. Cheesbrough, M.C. (2006). Different identification methods for fungi and bacteria. District laboratory practice.6:128-195. [10]. Al-Hindi, R.R., Al-Najada, A.R., Mohamed S.A. (2011). Isolation and identification of some fruit spoilage fungi: screening of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. African Journal of Microbial Research. 5:443-448. [11]. Jushi, A.P., Pate,l S.P. ( 2008). Microbiological analysis of fresh fruits and vegetables and effects of antimicrobial agent on microbial load. Journal of Food Protection. 14:23-24 [12]. Pandukur, S.G., Onyimba, I.A., Itelima, J.U., Plangnan, G.A., Duru, V. (2017). Antibacterial potential of orange peels extracts against some bacterial isolates associated with tomato in Jos metropolis. Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology. 31:3953-3961 [13]. Ghosh, A. (2009). Identification of microorganismsresponsible for spoilage of tomato (Lycopersicumesculentum) fruit. Journal of Phytology. 1:414-416
Peter, U.U., Mfonido, I.B., Gladys, A.A., Naja’atu, S.H., Janet, C.G., Maryam, A.O., Kosiso, V.A. and Ogadegbor, A.O., "Antimicrobial Activity of Ocimumgratissimum Extract Against Bacterial Isolates Associated with Spoilt Tomatoes Sold in Lafia Metropolis" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.06-09 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/06-09.pdf
Anxiety is recognized as one of the main factors that reduces athletes’ performance in sports. In many research reviews, researchers have found that high levels of anxiety have the tendency to deteriorate athletes’ performance. However, to date there has been very limited research examining competitive anxiety on gender. The main aim of the study was to compare the level of competitive anxiety and sport performance differences among gender. Data was collected from 97 badminton players, using a 27 item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and 42-item of The Psychological Performance Inventory. The results showed that male athletes obtained the lowest score on competitive state anxiety. Furthermore, female athletes exhibited the lowest level of psychological performance. Based on the current results, it is recommended that sport psychologists, sport counselors and coaches in Malaysia use the findings to design appropriate training programs to help athletes acquire suitable coping strategies, to reduce their competitive state anxiety levels and enhance their psychological performance.
- Page(s): 10-12
- Date of Publication: 26 June 2020
- Vincent ParnabasFaculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Julinamary ParnabasInstitut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Darulaman Jitra, Kedah, Malaysia
- Antoinette Mary ParnabasMedical Unit, Hospital Taiping, Taiping, Perak, Malaysia
References
[1]. Alessandra, D.C., Carlo, B., Claudia, B., Maria, D.M., Alessandra, P., Marina, P. & Laura, G. 2008. Factors influencing performance of competitive and amateur rhythmic gymnastics—Gender differences. Journal of Sport Science and Medicine in Sport 12(3), 411-416. [2]. Aufenanger, S. J. (2005). Relationships between mental skills and competitive anxiety interpretation in open skill and close skill athletes. Masters Thesis Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. [3]. Barksy, A. J., Peekna, H. M. &Borus, J. E. 2001. Somatic symptoms reporting in men and women. Journal General Internal Medicine16, 266-275. [4]. Cox, R. H. 2011. Sport Psychology, concepts and applications. New York: McGraw-Hill. [5]. Davies, B. N., Greenwood, E. J. & Jones, S. R. 1998. Gender difference in the relationship of performance in the handgrip and standing long jump tests to lean limb volume in young adults. Biomedical and Life Sciences 58(3), 315-320. [6]. Deutsch, D. 1999. The psychology of music. London: Academic Press. [7]. Humara, M., 2001. The relationship between anxiety and performance: A Cognitive-behavioral perspective. Athletic Insight 1(2):The Online Journal of Sport Psychology. [8]. Jarvis, M. 2002.Sport Psychology.New York: Routledge. [9]. Jones, G. 2000. Stress and anxiety. In S.J. Bull, Sport Psychology: A self-help guide. Ramsbury, Marlborough: Crowood. [10]. Jones, G. &Cale, A. 1989. Precompetition temporal patterning of anxiety and self-confidence in males and females. Journal Sport Behavior 12, 183-195. [11]. Jones, G. &Hanton, S. 2001. Precompetitive feelings states and directional anxiety interpretations. Journal of Sports Sciences19, 385-395. [12]. Martens, R., Vealey, R.S., & Burton, D. 1990. Competitive Anxiety in Sport. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. [13]. Mellialieu, S.D., Hanton, S. & O’Brian, M. 2004. Intensity and direction of competitive anxiety as a function of sport type and experience. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 14, 326-334. [14]. Montgomery, B. & Morris, L. 1994. Living with anxiety. Singapore: Heinemann Asia. [15]. Murphy, S. M. 1988. The on-site provision of sport psychology services at the 1987U. S Olympic Festival. The Sport Psychologist 2, 105-130. [16]. Oglesby, C.A. & Hill, K.L. 1993. Gender and sport.In R.N. Singer, M. Murphey and L.K. Tennant, Handbook of research on sport psychology. New York: Macmillan. [17]. Raglin, J.S. &Hanin, Y.L. 2000. Competitive anxiety. In Yuri, L.H., Emotions in Sport.Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. [18]. Scali, R.M., Sheila, B. & Jennifer, H. 2000.Gender differences in spatial task performance as a function of speed or accuracy orientation. Sex roles43, 359-376. [19]. Thatcher, J., Thatcher, R. & Dorling, D. 2004. Gender differences in the pre-competition temporal patterning of anxiety and hormonal responses. Journal of Sports Medicine Physical Fitness 44, 300-308. [20]. Trost, S.G., Pate, R.R., Sallis, J.F., Freedson, J.F., Taylor, W.C., Dowda, M & Sirard, J. 2002.Age and gender differences in objectively measured physical activity in youth. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 34(2), 350-355. [21]. Weinberg, R.S. & Gould, D., 2019. Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Vincent Parnabas, Julinamary Parnabas, Antoinette Mary Parnabas "Competitive State Anxiety and Psychological Performance on Badminton Players based on Gender" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.10-12 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/10-12.pdf
Research on the use of arthropods in animal diet is on the increase due to increasing fishmeal demand for animal feed. In this study, the use of cockroach, grasshoppers (Zonocerus variegatus) and crayfish as alternative protein source for rat feed was conducted and compared with fishmeal feed. The proximate analysis showed that a high crude protein values of 28.27%, 22.88%, 22.11% respectively for crayfish, cockroach, and grasshoppers. These arthropod enriched feeds showed they consist favourable amount of protein higher than fishmeal. Moisture content of 6.72%, 6.4% and 6.0%, crude fat of 16.13%, 14.51% and 3.51%, crude ash of 20.12%, 15.50% and 14.5% respectively. There was a considerable increase in weight of the rats fed with the arthropod enriched feed. The highest mean weight was recorded in rats fed with crayfish feed, followed by grasshopper then cockroach while the least mean weight was recorded in the rats fed with the control (fishmeal). Replacing the dietary fishmeal with arthropod fortified meal did not affect the growth pattern of the experimental rats and this is a positive indication that edible arthropods can be used as a substitute for fish protein in animal feed. It can also be incorporated into animal feed alongside fishmeal to further enrich the animal feed. In general, this study showed that protein meal from arthropods hold a great potential as a source of nutrients for rats.
- Page(s): 13-16
- Date of Publication: 26 June 2020
- Shittu, A.IDFederal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Remi-Esan, I.ADFederal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Belghit, I., Liland, N.S., Waagbo, R.; Biancarosa, I., Pelusio, N., Li, Y., Krogdahl, A. and Lock, E.J. (2018). Potential of insect-based diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 491, 72–81. [2]. Lock, E.R., Arsiwalla, T. and Waagbo, R. (2016). Insect larvae meal as an alternative source of nutrients in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture Nutrition 22, 1202-1213. [3]. Banjo, A.D., Lawal, O.A., Fasunwon, B.T. and Alimi, G.O. (2010). Alkali and heavy metal contaminants of selected edible arthropods in southern Nigeria. American-Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 2(1):25-29. [4]. Alamu, O.T, Amao, A.O, Nwokedi, C.I., Oke, O.A. and Lawa, I.O. (2013). Diversity and nutritional status of edible insects in Nigeria: A review. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 5(4): 215-222. [5]. Shockley, M. and Dossey, A.T. (2014) Insects for Human Consumption. In: Morales-Ramos, J.A., Guadalupe Rojas, M. and Shapiro-Ilan, D.I., Eds., Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms: Invertebrates and Entomopathogens, Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 617-652. [6]. Banjo, A.D., Lawal, O.A. and Sangonuga, E.A. (2006). The nutritional value of fourteen species of edible insects in Southwestern Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 5(3): 298- 301. [7]. Chavunduka, D.M. (2010). Insects as a source of protein to the African. Rhodesian Science News 9:217-220. [8]. DeFoliart, G.R. (2002) The human use of insects as a food resource. A bibliographic Account in Progress pp. 1-51. [9]. Adeyeye, E.L. (2002). Determination of the chemical composition of the nutritionally valuable part of male and female West African fresh water crab, Sudananautes africanus. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 53 (3): 189-196. [10]. Fagbuaro, O., Oso, J.A. Majolagbe, F.A and Oladapo, A.O. (2013) Quality Analysis of Feshwater Crab Cardisoma armatum and Marine Blue Crab Callinectes amnicola collected from Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Nature and Science 11 (8): 22-29. [11]. Arazu, V.N and Udo, P.J. (2012). Feeding trails and proximate composition of Paraophiocephalus obscurus fed with three types of compounded feeds produced from local raw materials. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 8(3): 47-51 [12]. Makkar, H.P.S., Tran, G., Heuzé, V. and Ankers, P. (2014). Review: State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology 197: 1–33. [13]. Sorensen, J.G. (2003). The evolutionary and ecological role of heat shock proteins. Ecology Letters, 6: 1025-1037. [14]. Kent, G. (2002). Africa’s Food security under Globalization. American Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences. 2:22- 29. [15]. Yoloye, V.L. (2010). Basic Invertebrate Zoology. 1st edition. University of Ilorin Press, Ilorin. pp 192. [16]. FAO (2010). Review of food consumption data on edible insects: Food and Agricultural Organization/The International Network of Food Data Systems (INFOOD). [17]. AOAC, (1980) Official Methods of Analysis. 13th Edition., Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC., USA., pp. 56-132. [18]. Omotosho, O.T. and Ogunleye, R. F. (2005). Edible orthopteran and Lepidopteran as protein substitutes in the feeding of experimental albino rats. African Journal of Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology, 7: 48-51.
Shittu, A.I, Remi-Esan, I.A "Arthropods as an Alternative Protein Source in Experimental Rat Feed" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.13-16 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/13-16.pdf
A. paniculata(king of bitters) an herbaceous plant known for its bitter taste and medicinal properties has been used in treating different forms of infections and ailments. The antifungal activity of A. paniculata on fungi isolated from Citrullus colocynthis was investigated. Colocynthiscitrullus were bought from traders in a major market in Abia State, Nigeria. Fresh plant of A. paniculata was obtained from botanical garden of the Rivers State University and was identified in the botany department. The leaves of the plant were shade dried and blended into fine powder. Twenty grams(20g) of the powdered leaves was extracted using local gin ‘kai kai’. The filtrate was evaporated and the resulting crude extract was used for antifungal sensitivity. The antifungal activity of the extracts was carried out using the well in agar diffusion method. In this method, 48 hours old fungal isolate was inoculated on dried Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates in duplicates. five wells were bored using sterile 6mm cork borer on the dried seeded plates before 0.2ml of the different concentrations of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5mg/ml of the methanol extracts were transferred into the wells using sterile pipettes. Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Aspergillus niger, and Mucor sp were identified from the melon seeds. The zone diameter of the alcoholic extract of A. paniculata on A. niger was 16.50±0.71, 13.50±0.71, 10.50±0.71 and 0.00±0.00mm at the concentrations of 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml, respectively. While for A. flavus, the zone diameters were 33.50±0.71, 21.50±0.71, 19.50±0.71, and 0.00±0.00mm, respectively. The extract had no antifungal activity on Rhizopus arrhizu sand Mucor sp. Theantifungal activity of the extract was greatly influenced by the concentration of the extract, with higher concentrations of extract having high zone diameter.
- Page(s): 17-20
- Date of Publication: 27 June 2020
- Robinson,V. KDepartment of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Nnamdi, A. UDepartment of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Korobe, B. P.Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
References
[1]. Sanjoy, P., Yogeshwer, S. (2002). Herbal Medicine: Current Status and the Future. Asian Pacific Journalof Cancer Prevention. 4(4): 281-288. [2]. Ekor, M. (2014). The Growing Use of Herbal Medicines: Issues Relating to Adverse Reactions and Challenges in Monitoring Safety. Frontiers in Pharmacology.4: pp 177. [3]. Tilburt, J.C., Kaptchuk, T.J. (2008). Herbal Medicine Research and Global Health: An Ethical Analysis. Pubmed, World Health Organization. 24(8): 594-599. [4]. Hocking, A. D., Pitt, J. I., Samson, R. A. and Thrane U. (2006). (eds), Advances in Food Mycology (Springer, New York, 2006). [5]. Hussaini, A. M. (2013). Mycotoxin and Food Safety in Developing Countries. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/3414. [6]. Eugene, S. J. N. and Girija, G. A.N. L. (2015). Antifungal activity of the extract of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolide. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry; 4(2): 08-10. [7]. Zhen, J., Villani, T., Guo, Y., Qi, Y., Chin, K., Pan, M., Ho, C., Simon, J., Wu, Q. (2016). Phytochemistry, Antioxidant Capacity, Total Phenolic Content and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves. Journal of Food Chemistry. 190: 673-680. [8]. Abubakar, S., Qamar, U. A, Jalifah, L.., Othman, A. S., Muhammad, N. O., Abdulrashid, U. and Bashar B. (2012). Antifungal activity of Andrographis paniculata extracts and active principles against skin pathogenic fungal strains in vitro. Pharmaceutical Biology; 50(7): 850–856. [9]. Amadi E.N, Kiin-Kabari D.B, Kpormon, L.B, Robinson V.K.K. Microbial flora and nutritional composition of adult Palm - Wine Beetle (Rhychophorusphoenicus). International journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. 2014; 3(11) 189-192. [10]. Douglas, S. I. and Robinson, V. K. (2018). Fungal Pollution of Indoor Air of Some Health Facilities in Rivers State. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health; 32(2): 1-7. [11]. Douglas, S. I. and Robinson, V. K. (2019). Indoor Microbiological Air Quality in Some Wards of a Tertiary Health Institution in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences; 14: 44-50. [12]. Sarah K., Catriona H., Helen, A. and David, E. (2016). DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDICAL FUNGI THIRD EDITION (revised November 2016). www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au. [13]. Bhat, R.V. and S. Vasanthi, (2003). Food Safety in Food Security and Food Trade. Mycotoxin Food Safety Risk in Developing Countries. International Food Policy Research Institute. [14]. Liu, Y. and Wu, F. (2010). Global Burden of Aflatoxin-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Risk Assessment. Environmenral Health Perspectives. 118(6): 818-824 [15]. Anil, K. and Sajad, A. M. (2017). Antifungal Activity of Andrographolide Compound Extracted from Andrographis paniculata. International Research Journal of Pharmacy; 8 (11): 120-122.
Robinson,V. K, Nnamdi, A. U, Korobe, B. P. "Antifungal Activity of Local Gin (Kai Kai) Extract of Andrographis Paniculata on Fungal Isolates" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.14-20 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/14-20.pdf
In the course of practicing technical responsibilities a lot of accidents have occurred in Nigeria in the past resulting to injuries, deaths, permanent disabilities, equipment damage and pollution to the environments. This research paper was developed to identify the level of risk and hazard awareness/ management in Nigeria technical sector with a view to finding solutions to causes of safety problems in order to minimize unintended occurrence to as low as reasonably practicable in Nigerian industries.The materials were used for this research include; Calculator, field note, pen, Laptop and Microsoft excel software. Two research hypotheses (null and alternative hypothesis) were developed and tested. The data used for this research were collected using 50 copies of structured questionnaires that were distributed to elicit responses from respondents. Data analysis was done using F-distribution on collected responses in order to test research hypotheses to determine their significance or otherwise. The analyzed research data show that; there is significance in the test, test Null hypothesis is rejected, while the alternative which says; there is a significant relationship between lack of safety awareness and increased rate of accidents in Nigerian Engineering practice” is accepted. From the findings of this research the following recommendations were made; (1)that the federal government of Nigeria through its Ministry of Education and National University Commission should develop a curriculum for general safety and incorporate same in general study subjects taken at all levels of Nigerian schools, so as to help galvanize safety and security consciousness of every Nigerian. (2), the establishment of safety department in all establishments operating in Nigeria was recommended, so as to ensure strict enforcement and compliance with safety norms and safe work habits by Nigerians.
- Page(s): 21-27
- Date of Publication: 27 June 2020
- Ohwofadjeke, Paul Ogheneochuko Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Aktan, A. E., Ellingwood, B. R., & Kehoe, B. (2007).Performance-based engineering of constructed systems. Journal of structural engineering, 133(3), 311-323. [2]. Clarke, S., & T Robertson, I. (2005). A meta‐analytic review of the Big Five personality factors and accident involvement in occupational and non‐occupational settings. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(3), 355-376. [3]. Ertaş, H., & Erdoğan, A. S. (2017). An analysis of occupational accidents in demolition work.Civil engineering and architecture, 5(2), 37-51. [4]. Kossiakoff, A., Sweet, W. N., Seymour, S. J., &Biemer, S. M. (2011). Systems engineering principles and practice (Vol. 83).John Wiley & Sons. [5]. Kulenur, S., Nagesh, P., & KB, A. D. (2017). Prevention Of Industrial Accidents: Measures And Challenges. Mysore, India, 67-74. [6]. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. (2008). 11th Industrial Accident Prevention Plan 2008 –2012. [7]. Nnedinma, U., Kostis, E., Shaun, L., David, I., Stuart, A., Ogechukwu, I., . . .Umeadi, B. (2014). The Pattern of Occupational Accidents, Injuries, Accident Causal Factors and Intervention in Nigerian Factories. Developing Country Studies, IV(15), 119-127. [8]. Norman, L. (2009). Definition of Industrial Workplace. Retrieved January 13, 2016, from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/definition-industrial-workplace-10039.html [9]. Otobo, D. (Ed.). (2016). Reforms and Nigerian labour and employment relations: Perspectives, issues and challenges. Malthouse Press. [10]. Prakash, Rajnish. (2014) "Challenges before Mechanical Engineers."International Review of Applied Engineering Research 4, no. 3 (2014): 257-268. [11]. Rajkumar, R., Lee, I., Sha, L., & Stankovic, J. (2010, June). Cyber-physical systems: the next computing revolution. In Design Automation Conference (pp. 731-736).IEEE. [12]. Robertson, L. (2015). Injury Epidemiology. Fourth Edition. Retrieved from Nanlee: http://www.nanlee.net.
Ohwofadjeke, Paul Ogheneochuko "The Impact of Safety on Engineering Practice: A Case Study of Technical Sector in Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.21-27 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/21-27.pdf
In the present study, an unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid past a vertical cone with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity is studied. The dimensionless form of the governing equations for the flow is taken for the study. Alternating –Direction-Implicit (ADI) Technique is used to obtain numerical solutions of the non-linear differential equations governing flow and heat transfer. Flow parameters are obtained and are presented graphically. It is observed that velocity and temperature of fluid vary considerably with viscosity parameter and thermal conductivity parameter
- Page(s): 28-33
- Date of Publication: 27 June 2020
- A. KaushikDepartment of Mathematics, MAIT, Delhi, India
References
[1]. Alamgir, M. (1989). Overall Heat Transfer from Vertical Cones in Laminar Free Convection: An Approximate Method Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer. 101, 174–176. [2]. Kumar, M. and Pop, I. (1998). Free Convection over a Vertical Rotating Cone with Constant Heat Flux. Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering. 3, 451–464. [3]. Bapuji Pullepul, J., Ekambavannan,K. and Pop,I. (2008). Finite Difference Analysis of Laminar Free Convection Flow Past a non Isothermal Vertical Cone. Heat and Mass Transfer 44, 517–526. [4]. Palani, G. and Kim, Kwang-Yong (2009). Numerical solutions for unsteady flow past a semi-infinite inclined plate with temperature oscillations, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology.23, 1710-1717. [5]. Thandapani, E. , Ragavan, A. R. and Palani, G. (2012). Finite Difference Solution of Unsteady Natural Convection Flow Past a non Isothermal Cone under the Influence of Magnetic Field and Thermal Radiation. J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys. 53 (2) 408–421. [6]. Elbashbeshy, E. M. A. (2000). Free Convection Flow with Variable Viscosity and Thermal Diffusivity along a Vertical Plate in the Presence of the Magnetic Field. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 38, 207–213. [7]. Seddeek, M. A. (2002). Effect of Variable Viscosity on a MHD Free Convection Flow past a Semi-Infinite Flat Plate with an Aligned Magnetic Field in the Case of Unsteady Flow. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 45, 931–935. [8]. Hassanien, I.A. , Essawy, A.H., Moursy, N.M.(2003) Variable viscosity and thermal conductivity effects on combined heat and mass transfer in mixed convection over a UHF/UMF wedge in porous media: the entire regime.Applied Mathematics and Computation, 145(2-3), 667-682. [9]. Abo-Eldahab, E. M. (2004). The Effects of Temperature-Dependent Fluid Properties on Free Convective Flow along a Semi-Infinite Vertical Plate by the Presence of Radiation. Heat Mass Transfer 41 (2), 163–169. [10]. Soundalgekar, V. M., Takhar, H. S. , Das, U. N. et al. (2004). Effect of Variable Viscosity on Boundary Layer Flow along a Continuously Moving Plate with Variable Surface Temperature..Heat Mass Transfer 40, 421–424. [11]. Seddeek, M. A. & Salem, A. M. (2005) Laminar Mixed Convection Adjacent to Vertical Continuously Stretching Sheets With Variable Viscosity and Variable Thermal Diffusivity, Heat and Mass Transfer. 41, 1048–1055 [12]. Seddeek, M. A. and Abdelmeguid, M. S. (2006). Effects of Radiation and Thermal Diffusivity on Heat Transfer over a Stretching Surface with Variable Heat Flux. Phys. Lett. A 348 (3–6), 172–179. [13]. Mahmoud, M. A. A. (2007). Variable Viscosity Effects on Hydromagnetic Boundary Layer Flow along a Continuously Moving Vertical Plate in the Presence of Radiation.Appl. Math. Sci. 1 (17), 799–814. [14]. Al-Harbi, Saleh M. (2007). Numerical study of heat transfer over permeable stretching surface with variable viscosity and thermal diffusivity in uniform magnetic field, Soochow journal of mathematics 33 (2) 229-240. [15]. Elgazery, Nasser S. (2009). The effects of chemical reaction, Hall and ion-slip currents on MHD flow with temperature dependent viscosity and thermal diffusivity. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation.14(4) 1267-1283. [16]. Mukhopadhyay, S. (2009).Unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer past a porous stretching sheet in presence of variable viscosity and thermal diffusivity International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(21-22) 5213-5217. [17]. Palani, G. and Kim, K.-Y. (2010). Numerical Study on a Vertical Plate with Variable Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Arch. Appl. Mech. 80, 711–725. [18]. Husnain, S., Mehmood, A.& Ali, A. (2012) Heat and mass transfer analysis in unsteady boundary layer flow through porous media with variable viscosity and thermal diffusivity Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics. 53,722–732. [19]. Animasaun ,I.L.(2015).Effects of thermophoresis, variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on free convective heat and mass transfer of non-darcian MHD dissipative Casson fluid flow with suction and nth order of chemical reaction, Journal of the Nigerian Mathematical Society, 34(1), 11-31. [20]. Palani, G., Lalith Kumar, E. J. and Kim, K.-Y. (2016). Free convection effects on a vertical cone with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 3, 473–482. [21]. Kaushik, A. (2020) Numerical Solutions for unsteady flow past a semi- infinite plate using Alternating –Direction-Implicit (ADI) Technique, International Journal of Scientific Research in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, 7(1)9-14.
A. Kaushik "Numerical Solutions for Free Convection Flow past a Vertical Cone using Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) Technique" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.28-33 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/28-33.pdf
This paper presents the design and fabrication of Jatropha oil extractor. Jatropha seeds have been identified as one of the best sources of oil for biodiesel production, hence the need to mechanize the process. The aim of this research to develop a machine that can efficiently extract oil from Jatropha seeds, so as to remove the drudgery involved in traditional manual extraction operation. In carrying out this project, physio-mechanical properties of Jatropha seed were determined to assist in the design of the machine. The prototype of jatropha oil extractor was designed and fabricated at central workshop of faculty of Engineering, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The cost of the entire research was about ₦198,000, including pre-design investigations.
- Page(s): 34-40
- Date of Publication: 27 June 2020
- Ohwofadjeke, Paul Ogheneochuko Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Akintunde B.O. Tunde-Akintunde .T.Y (2007), Effect of moisture content and variety of selected properties of beniseed AgricEng internals: The CIGR E-journal manuscript FPO 7021.volume IX. [2]. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), 1993 Standard Handbook [3]. Bajpai, D., & Tyagi, V. K. (2006). Biodiesel: source, production, composition, properties and its benefits. Journal of OLEo science, 55(10), 487-502. [4]. Fenner industrial Belt Drive design manual(1985). [5]. Gashaw, A., & Lakachew, A. (2014).Production of biodiesel from non edible oil and its properties. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 3(4), 1544-1562. [6]. Holowenko H.G. (2002), Schism’s Outlines Machine Design, Mc GRAW-HILL [7]. Peters, K. E., & Fowler, M. G. (2002).Applications of petroleum geochemistry to exploration and reservoir management. Organic Geochemistry, 33(1), 5-36. [8]. Raghuvanshi, S. P., Chandra, A., &Raghav, A. K. (2006). Carbon dioxide emissions from coal based power generation in India. Energy Conversion and Management, 47(4), 427-441. [9]. Shigley, J. E. (2011). Shigley's mechanical engineering design. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. [10]. Su, B., Heshmati, A., Geng, Y., & Yu, X. (2013). A review of the circular economy in China: moving from rhetoric to implementation. Journal of cleaner production, 42, 215-227. [11]. Ugwu, H. U., Nwankwojike, B. N., Ogbonnaya, E. A., &Ekoi, E. J. (2012). Energy and Economic losses due to constant power outages in Nigeria.Nigerian Journal of Technology, 31(2), 181-188. [12]. Ulrich, K. T. (2003). Product design and development.Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
Ohwofadjeke, Paul Ogheneochuko "Design and Fabrication of Cottage Model Jatropha Oil Extractor for Small Scale Farmers" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.34-40 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/34-40.pdf
A bioreporter is a living microorganism containing a sensor molecule that upon binding of a small molecule of interest switches on a reporter, resulting in a measured cellular signal outputs which can be a colorimetric, bioluminescent, or fluorescent emission. They are very specific for the target chemical molecule. The use of bioreporters in detecting target molecules lies in altering the transcriptional regulator so as to change the specificity. Bioreporters are applied in water quality control and assessment, identification of pathogenic organisms of human health concern, to establish toxicity profiles in environmental samples, specific detection of pollutant and heavy metals, determine bioremediation rates, search for novel biocatalysts, and to improve strains for industrial production of small molecules. They are easy to use, rapid, adaptive, and robust tool for chemical analysis. The review highlights the type of bioreporters currently in use, mechanism of switch on and off, and their applications.
- Page(s): 41-45
- Date of Publication: 28 June 2020
- Tony OyigbecheDepartment of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
- Olukayode Olugbenga OroleDepartment of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
- Victor Stephen FadayomiDepartment of Zoology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
References
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[6]. van Rossum T, Muras A, Baur MJJ, Creutzburg SCA, van der Oost J, Kengen SWM. A growth‐ and bioluminescence‐based bioreporter for the in vivo detection of novel biocatalysts. MicrobBiotechnol. 2017 May; 10(3): 625–641. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.12612 [7]. Meighen, E.A (1991). Molecular biology of bacterial bioluminescence. Microbiology Reviews 55: 123–142. [8]. Close, D., Xu, T., Smartt, A., Rogers, A. and Crossley, R. (2012). The evolution of the bacterial luciferase gene cassette (lux) as a real-time bioreporter. Sensors (Basel) 12: 732–752. [9]. Schreier, B., Stumpp, C., Wiesner, S. and Hocker, B. (2009). Computational design of ligand binding is not a solved problem. Protection National Academy of Science, 106: 18491– 18496. [10]. Michener, J.K., Thodey, K., Liang, J.C., and Smolke, C.D. (2012). Applications of genetically-encoded biosensors for the construction and control of biosynthetic pathways. Metabolic Engineering, 14: 212–222. [11]. 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Tony Oyigbeche, Olukayode Olugbenga Orole, Victor Stephen Fadayomi "Bioreporters as Novel Analytical Sensing Tools" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.41-45 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/41-45.pdf
This study investigated impact of non-oil revenue on economic growth of Nigeria for the period 1994 – 2017 studied. Data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin (2017). Real gross domestic product (RGDP) proxy for economic growth was adopted as the dependent variable while agricultural revenue (AR), manufacturing revenue (MNR), mining revenue (MR) and value-added tax revenue (VATR) were adopted as the independent variables. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root rest was used to test the stationerity of the variables. The results revealed a mixed order of integration, hence, the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test was used to test the long-run relationship (co-integration) among the variables in the model and that there was a long-term relationship among the variables. The ARDL results showed that agricultural revenue and mining revenue had a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth of Nigeria in both the short run and long run. Manufacturing revenue had a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth in the short-run and a positive and significant effect on economic growth of Nigeria in the long run. However, VAT revenue had a positive and very significant effect on economic growth of Nigeria both at short run and long run. The study thus recommended amongst others that government should sustain and improve on its policies on the agricultural sector in order to boost agricultural production considering its positive posture on domestic growth while both the manufacturing sector and mining sector should be reinvigorated for increased production in a bid to make a transformed impact on economic growth in the future. Further, the study suggested that government should widen the VAT base by incorporating more items into the VAT net than increasing the VAT rate as it is presenting try to do in 2020 national budget appropriation.
- Page(s): 46-64
- Date of Publication: 29 June 2020
- Sebastian Ofumbia Uremadu, Ph.DProfessor of Banking and Finance , Department of Banking and Finance, College of Management Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
- Nwaeze Chinweoke(Doctorate Student/Lecturer, Abia Polytechnic), Department of Banking and Finance, College of Management Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
- Charity Egondu Duru-Uremadu(Doctorate Student/Lecturer) , Department of Educational Management, College of Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
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Sebastian Ofumbia Uremadu, Ph.D, Nwaeze Chinweoke, Charity Egondu Duru-Uremadu "Impact of Non-Oil Revenue on Economic Growth of Nigeria (1994 – 2017): An Empirical Analysis" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.46-64 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/46-64.pdf
This study examined the relationship between utilization of integrative funding (with particular reference to funds from government budgeting allocations and international bodies) and effective administration of secondary schools in South East, Nigeria. It adopted a correlational design, used linear regression to answer research questions and analysis of variance (ANOVA) method to test its hypotheses of 0.05 level of significance. The results showed there was high positive correlation between utilization of government budgetary allocations, utilization of funds from international bodies and effective administration of secondary schools in South East, Nigeria. The study, based on its findings, recommended that government and policy makers should formulate policies that would ensure strict compliance to judicious utilization of budgetary allocations by school principals since it correlates with effective administration. Secondary school administrators should source for funds from international agencies and ensure that such funds are adequately utilized.
- Page(s): 65-75
- Date of Publication: 02 July 2020
- Charity Egondu Duru-Uremadu, Ph.DDepartment of Educational Management, College of Education, COED, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
References
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(2000). ‘’Nigeria Education Sector Analysis: An Analytical synthesis of performance and main issues.’’ Department of Administration, Leadership and Technology, New York University. [19]. Maduewusi, E. J. (2005). Financing of Education of Nigeria year Book No.3. Ibadan: XTM Technology press Ltd. [20]. Mgbodile, T. O. (2004). Fundamentals in Educational Administration andPlanning. Enugu: Magnet Business Enterprises. [21]. Modebelu, M. N. (2016). ‘’Overview of Educational Administration and Management.’’ In M. N. Modebelu (ed). Educational Management,The Nigerian perspectiveAwka: SCOA Heritage Nigeria Ltd. 2 – 7. [22]. Nakpodia, E. D. (2011). “An Integrated Funding and effective Implementation of Universal Basic Education Programme in Central District of Delta State, Nigeria”. Unpublished M.Ed thesis, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. [23]. Ngerem, E. I. (2016). ‘’Administration of Nigeria. Education.’’ In M. N. Modebelu (ed). Educational Management,The Nigerian Perspective. Awka: SCOA Heritage Nig. Ltd. 119 –132. [24]. Nwosu, E.; Modebelu, M.N. (2016).’’ Concept of Educational Administration and Educational Management.’’ In M. N. Modebelu (ed) Educational Management, The Nigeria Perspective. Awka:SCOA Heritage Nig. Ltd. 10 – 18. [25]. Obioma, D. (2004). Issues in Educational Funding. Lagos: NERDC Press. [26]. Oboegbulem, A. (2013). ‘’Management of School Funds by Secondary School Principals: Implications for Effective Job Productivity.’’International Journal of Development Research, Vol. 3 (10), 166 – 169. [27]. Ochai, G. O. (2005). ‘’Financial Management Practices in Secondary Schools in Otukpo Education Zone, Benue State.’’ An unpublished M.Ed Thesis, Department of Education Foundation, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. [28]. Ofoegbu, J. U. and Iwuamadi, F. N. (2012). ‘’Efficient educational leadership and human resources development an imperative for the ailing Nigeria education system.’’Unizik Orient Journal of Education 6 (1) 318 – 324. [29]. Ogbonna, F. C. (2008). Management in Education. Jos: Techsource Publishing Nigeria Limited. [30]. Ogunna, A. E. (2005). Staff Motivation and Productivity in Local Government. Statement, October 16, p. 11. [31]. Ojelede, P. K. (2010). Maintenance of School Plant for Educational Effectiveness and Efficiency in a depressed economy. Ondo: NIEPA. [32]. Onuekwusi, S. C. (2012). Themes and Concepts in Educational Administration and Supervision. Owerri: Mastermind Prints and Publications Co. [33]. Owoh, N. I. (2015). ‘’Administration Competence and Occupational task areas of secondary school principals in South East States of Nigeria.’’ Unpublished Thesis work. Abia State University Uturu. [34]. Pandy, I. M. (2009). Financial Management: The nature of Financial Management, India: Vika publishing House PVT. [35]. Peretomode, V. F. (2013). ‘’Leadership principals and theoretical perspectives.’’ Benin; OnosmegbohoOgbinaka publishers Ltd. [36]. Toluwaope, E. (2016). Components of funding education in Nigeria. www.germanalyst.com/sources-of-funding-for-educational-programs-in-nigeria. [37]. Ukeje, B. O. (2006). The Problems and Prospects of Education in Nigeria with special reference to fundingteacher education. Onitsha: Summe Educational Publishers. [38]. Uzoagulu, A. E. (2011). Practical guide to writing research project reportsin tertiary institution. Enugu: Chestom Ltd. [39]. Uzoigwe, B. N. (2013). ‘’Extent of Principals Administrative effectiveness in public and private secondary schools in Enugu education zone of Enugu State.’’Knowledge Review 27 (1): April, 1 – 9.
Charity Egondu Duru-Uremadu, Ph.D "Testing Relationship between Utilization of Integrative Funding and Effective Administration of Secondary Schools in South East, Nigeria " International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.65-75 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/65-75.pdf
Heavy metal pollution is ubiquitous in Groundwater especially in hydrocarbon impacted site in the Niger Delta, due to anthropogenic and possible terrigenous sources. A total of ten boreholes were drilled in the study area to assess the degree of contamination; Six boreholes were drilled in the hydrocarbon impacted site, while four boreholes were drilled in the un-impacted site to serve as control. The study is to evaluate and characterize the heavy metals status in the area (Zn, Pb, V, Ni, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Co, Mn, and Cu) and their trends in order to interpret the environmental implications to Community inhabitants. Groundwater samples were collected and analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated higher concentration of iron in the hydrocarbon impacted site than the un-impacted site. Mn, Pb and Zn are relatively higher in concentration in the hydrocarbon impacted site than the un-impacted site. Cr, Cu and Ni also presented higher concentration in the hydrocarbon impacted site than the un-impacted site. V, As and Hg also presented higher concentrations in the hydrocarbon impacted site than the un-impacted site. Cd and Co also indicated higher concentration in the hydrocarbon impacted site than the un-impacted site. When the hydrocarbon impacted site result was compared with WHO (2006) standard, the analysed values were above WHO (2006) standard, which signifies that the study area has been polluted with heavy metals. Hence, these metals will continue to deteriorate the aquifer if not checked. The effects will be on the inhabitants; therefore proactive measures should be taken to remediate the environment.
- Page(s): 76-83
- Date of Publication: 03 July 2020
- Ayibawari O, Egai Department of Geology, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
- Cyril Ovuru Department of Geology, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Allen, J.R.L. (1965). Sediments of the modern Niger Delta, a summary and Review in J.P, Morgan and R.H shaver (Eds), Deltaic sedimentation, modern and ancient. SEPM spec Publ, 15: 138-151 [2]. Egai, A.O., Imasuen O.I., and Torty B.B.(2013). Quality Assessment of Water Potability in Aguobiri, Southern Ijaw Local Government Area of Bayelsa State.Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management.Vol 17 (4) 493-500 [3]. EGASPIN, (2012). Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria.Issued by the Department of Petroleum Resources. Lagos, Revised Edition [4]. Ekweozor, C.M., and Daukoru, E. (1994). Northern Delta Depobelt Portion of Akata – Agbada (1) petroleum system, Niger Delta Nigeria [5]. Ellis, K.V., White G., and Starn W. (1989). Surface water pollution and its control. 1st Published in 1989, Macmillan press Ltd. Hound mills, Basingstoke, Hampshire Pp372 [6]. EtuEfeotor, J.O., and Odigi, M.J. (1983). Water supply problems in the eastern Niger Delta. Jour. Mining Geol. 20(1 & 2): 183-192. [7]. Etu-Efeotor, J.O.(1981). Preliminary hydro-geochemical investigation of subsurface water in parts of the Niger Delta.Jour. Mining and Geosc. Soc. 108-110 [8]. Etu-Efeotor, J.O., and Michalski, A. (1989) Geophysical investigation for groundwater in parts of the eastern Niger Delta. Journal of mining and geology vol 25 (1-2), pp. 51-54 [9]. Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) Abuja. (2006). Nigerian Conservation Foundation Lagos, WWF UK and CEESP-IUCN [10]. Imasuen, O.I., and Egai, A.O. (2013). Concentration and environmental Implication of Heavy Metals in surface water in Aguobiri Community, Southern Ijaw LGA, Bayelsa State. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management.Vol (4) 467-433 [11]. Kamaruzzaman, M. C., Ong, M. S., Noor, A., Shahbudin, S., and Jalal, K. C. A. (2008). Geochemistry of sediment in the major estuarine mangrove forest of Terengganu Region, Malaysia.Am. J. Appl. Sci., 5 (12), 1707-1712. [12]. NRC, (1997). Natural Research Council, Report on environmental toxicology of soil, groundwater in the Niger Delta Area [13]. Offodile, M.E. (1992). Groundwater Study and Development in Nigeria. 2nd edition.Mecon Geology, Ltd, Jos 453p [14]. Oteze, G.E., and Akujieze, C.N. (2012). A Review of Groundwater Pollution in Nigeria. Journal of the Nigerian Association of Hydrogeologist. Special Publication Series 2 [15]. Udom, G.J., Esu, E.O., and Ekwere, S.J. (1998).Quality status of groundwater in Calabar Municipality, South Eastern Nigeria. Global jour. of Pure and Appl. Sci. 4(2): 163-169 [16]. WHO, (2000). Guideline values for chemicals that are of health significance in drinking water quality. World Health Organization, Geneva @ (2000)
Ayibawari O, Egai, Cyril Ovuru "Geochemical Investigation of Heavy Metals Characterization of Groundwater in Hydrocarbon impacted site in Part of Niger Delta, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.76-83 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/76-83.pdf
This study examines the effect of visual instructional material on Academic Performance of Building technology Students in Technical Colleges in Niger State. The study adopted a quasi – experimental design involving pre-test post-test control group class. Two research questions and hypotheses were drawn for the study. The population of the study is all TC II students in Technical Colleges in Niger State. Two intact classes were used as the sample of the study. Building technology performance test was developed and validated. Data collected were analyzed using t-test statistic using 0.05 level of significance. The study conclude that visual instructional material enhanced the academic performance of Building technology Students, and that shows that Female Students Performance better than Male Students after exposure to instruction all video . Recommendations were made that the use of instructional should be encouraged for basic Building technology Teachers, professional organization such as National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) should organize seminar, workshops and conferences. Federal and State Ministry of Education should sponsor basic Building technology teachers for refresher training on design, selection and utilization of visual instructional material The study concluded that effective use in visual instructional material improve students understanding of Building technology.
- Page(s): 84-88
- Date of Publication: 04 July 2020
- Umar, B. K. Department of Technical Drawing, School of Technical Education, Niger State College of Education, Minna, Nigeria
- Ossom, M. O. University Basic Education Commission (UBEC), Wusse-Abuja, Nigeria
- Egbita, A. U Nigerian Education Research and Development Council (NERDC) Sheda-Abuja, Nigeria
References
[1]. Anaele, E. O. & Okoro, C. E. (2014). Innovations on building technology and curriculum revision needs of colleges of education (technical) in Nigeria. IJSR - International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(2), Online. [2]. Boyi, J. E. (2013). Material resource management responsibilities of Building technology teachers in technical colleges in Kogi State. An Unpublished M.Ed Thesis, Vocational Teacher Education Department, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria Nsukka. [3]. Boyle, E.A; Duffy, T & Dunleavy, K. (2011). Learning styles and academic outcome: The validity and utility of Vermunt’s inventory of learning styles in a British higher education setting. British journal of educational psychology.73, 2, 267-290. [4]. Cambridge University Reporter, (2013). Indicator of Academic Performance. Retrieved from [http://www.admin.com.ac.uk/reporter]. [5]. Ede, E.O., Miller, I.O., & Bakare, J.A. (2010). Work skill improvement needs of graduates of technical colleges in machine shop practice for demand-driven employment in South-West Zone of contemporary Nigeria. Nigerian Vocational Association Journal 15(1), 18-27. [6]. Eshiet, N.E (2012) Computer graphic aided instruction and students‘ performance in textiles design in federal government colleges in AkwaIbom State Journal of Educational Technology and instruction (JETI) 1 (1) 52-56. [7]. Ezeji, S.C.O.A., (2014). A guide to preparing educational specifications for secondary industrial arts facilities. Enugu: Cheston Agency Ltd. [8]. Fachano, Y. T. &Malongo, R. S. M. (2015). Assessment of the factors affecting pupils‟ performance in regular primary schools and Nomadic primary schools in Taraba State. Journal of Educational Research and Development. Vol. 9(1), 12 -16. [9]. Federal Government of Nigeria (2013). Standards and criteria for institutional and programme accreditation in technical colleges and similar technical institutes in Nigeria. Kaduna: NBTE. [10]. National Commission for Colleges of Education (2012). Minimum standard. Abuja: Government Press. [11]. Newby T.J., Stepich, D.A., Lehman, J.D. and Russel, J.D. (2016) Educational Technology for Teaching and Learning. New Jersey, Merrill Prentice Hall. [12]. Nsofor, C.C (2011) Cultural Impediments on woman in STM Education, Science teachers association of Nigeria conference proceedings 20-25. [13]. Nwachukwu, C. E., Bakare, J. A., &Jika, F. O. (2014). Effective laboratory safety practice skills required by electrical and electronics students of Technical Colleges in Ekiti State. APaper presented at the Annual Conference of Nigerian Vocational Association at Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. On Nov 22nd – 25th, 2014. [14]. Ogwo, B.A. &Oranu, R.N. (2016).Methodology in formal and non-formal technical vocational education. Nsukka: University of Nigeria Press. [15]. Okoro, O. M. (2013). Principles and methods in vocational and technical education. Nsukka: University Trust Publishers. [16]. Yusuf, H. O. (2012). Fundamentals of Curriculum and Instruction. Kaduna: Joyce graphic Printers & Publishers
Umar, B. K., Ossom, M. O., Egbita, A. U "Effect of Visual Instructional Materials on Students’ Performance in Building Technology of Technical Colleges in Niger State" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.84-88 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/84-88.pdf
This paper presented how to involve the small-scale Pangasius farmers in developing adequate quality management through the entire export-oriented supply chain. In practical, the processing firms are prefer to purchase fish from larger scale farms and reliable quality of products. The research results shown which incentives can be used to improved quality at the farm level. It is equally to create procedures for analyzing small-scale farmers attitudes toward export market and thus have the information required to decide whether the individual farmers, farmers’s association or farmers clubs in order to penetrate export market successfully.
- Page(s): 89-92
- Date of Publication: 04 July 2020
- Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi Department of Scientific Research Affairs, Can Tho University
References
[1]. Carballo, E., Eer van, A., Schie van, T., and Hilbrands, A., (2008), Small-scale freshwater fish farming, Agromisa Foundation and CTA, Wageningen [2]. Lang and Vinh., (2007), Pond Tra fish production in the Mekong Delta: Environmental consequences and pollution control options, case study in Thot Not district, Can tho city, EEPSEA research report [3]. Hazell, P., Poulton, C., Wiggins, S., and Dorward, A., (2007), The future of small farms for poverty reduction and growth, Discussion paper 42, International food policy research institute, Washington, DC. [4]. Henson, S., Jaffee, S., Cranfield, J., and Siegel, P., (2008), Linking African Smallholders to high-value markets: practitioner perspectives on benefits, contrains, and interventions, Policy research working paper, the World bank. [5]. Bijman, J., (2007), The role of producer organizations in quality-oriented agrifood chains; an economic organization perspective, Tropical food chains: Governance regimes for quality management, Wageningen academic publishers [6]. Van Anrooy, R., (2003), Vertical cooperation and marketing efficiency in the aquaculture products marketing chain: a national perspective from Vietnam, FAO
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi "Farmer Incentives for Improving Pangasius Quality at the Small-Scale Farming" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.89-92 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/89-92.pdf
Analytical examination of mutual influences of heat and mass transfer effects on MHD Couette flow through a channel with periodic concentration and temperature are studied. The obtained governing coupled partial differential equations are transformed into coupled ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation technique and then solved using method of undetermined coefficient. The solutions for the velocity, temperature and concentration fields are obtained. Through the use of standard parameters values, the velocity, temperature and concentration are displayed with plots. From the plots, it is observed that increase in the magnetic parameter yields to a decrease in the velocity, whereas increase in the Grash of number leads to an increase in the velocity. Again, a decrease in the temperature predicted an increase in the Prandtl number and radiation parameter, and an increase in the Schmidt number leads to a decrease in the concentration.
- Page(s): 93-100
- Date of Publication: 05 July 2020
- Achogo, Wisdom Hezekiah Department of Mathematics/Statistics, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, P.M.B 5047 Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Adikabu Lle Nwachukwu Department of Mathematics/Statistics, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, P.M.B 5047 Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
References
[1]. Achogo W.H, Okereke, I. C., Ofomata A. I. O. and Amadi O. F.,(2020). Magnetohydrodynamic convective periodic flow through a porous medium in an inclined channel with thermal radiation and chemical reaction. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology5(1),1129-1139. [2]. Achogo W.H, Okereke, I. C., Ofomata A. I. O. and Eleonu B. C.,(2020). Effect of heat source on Magnetohydrodynamic free convection through channel with a wall having periodic temperature. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology5(4),1035-1041. [3]. Adeniyan A. and Abioye I.A(2016). Mixed convection radiating flow and heat transfer in a vertical channel partially filled with a Darcy-Forchheimer porous substrate. General Mathematics Notes,32(2):80-104. [4]. Ahmed N. and Sarma D.(1997). Three dimensional free convective flow and heat transfer through a porous medium. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics,28(10):1345-1353. [5]. Arman Abtahi and Floryan J.M.,(2017). Natural convection and thermal drift. Journal of Fluid Mechanics.826,553-582. [6]. Buggaramulu J. and Venkata Krishna M.,(2017). MHD convection flow of Kuvshinski fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate with radiation and chemical reaction effects. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication,5(9),64-74. [7]. Dileep Singh Chauhan and Priyanka Rastogi(2010). Radiation effects on natural convection MHD flow in a rotating vertical porous channel partially filled with a porous medium. Applied Mathematical Sciences,4(13),643-655. [8]. Fazle Mabood and Halima Usman(2019). Multiple slips effects on MHD thermo-solutal flow in porous media saturated by Nanofluid. Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems,6(4),502-510. [9]. Gerard Degan, Christian Akowanou, Latif Fagbemi and Joel Zinsalo(2016). Hydrodynamic anisotropy effects on radiation-mixed convection interaction in a vertical porous channel. Scientific Research Publishing,7:22-39. [10]. Harisingh N.S., Ramana Murthy M. and Rama R.K(2014). The effect of hall current on an unsteady MHD free convective Couette flow between two permeable plates in the presence of thermal radiation. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research,4(7),40-55. [11]. Joydeep Borah and Hazarika G. C.(2018). Free convective MHD flow over a stretching sheet in presence of radiation and viscous dissipation with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(10):76-87. [12]. Mamta Thakur(2017). Unsteady magnetohydrodynamic free convective radiating viscous dissipative fluid flow along a semi infinite vertical porous plate with heat source. International Journal of Mathematical Archive,8(9):196-210. [13]. Mandal H. K., Das S. and Jana R. N.(2014). Transient free convection in a vertical channel with variable temperature and mass diffusion. Chemical and Process Engineering Research,23:38-54. [14]. Md Shakhaoath Khan, Ifsana Karim, Lasker Ershad Ali and Ariful Islam(2012). Unsteady MHD free convection boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid along a stretching sheet with thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects,2(24). [15]. Meisam Habibi Matin(2015). Entropy analysis of combined heat and mass transfer over a plate embedded in a porous medium.5(3A),26-32. [16]. Reddy M.G. and Reddy N.B.,(2011). Mass transfer and heat generation effects on MHD free convection flow past an inclined vertical surface in a porous medium. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics,4(2),7-11. [17]. Salawu S.O., Abolarinwa A. and Fenuga O.J.(2018). Transient analysis of radiative hydromagnetic Poiseuille fluid flow of two-step exothermic chemical reaction through a porous channel with convective cooling. [18]. Sandeep N., Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy A. and Sugunamma V.,(2012). Effect of radiation and chemical reaction on transient MHD free convective flow over a vertical plate through porous media. Chemical and Process Engineering Research,2,1-9 [19]. Sharma P. R., Kalpna Sharma and Tripti Mehza(2014). Radiative and free convective effects on MHD flow through a porous medium with peridoci wall temperature and heat generation or absorption. International Journal of Mathemnatical Archive,5(9):119-128. [20]. Shateyi S., Motsa S.S. and Makukula Z.(2015). On spectral relaxation method for entropy generation on MHD flow and heat transfer of a Maxwell fluid. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics,8(1):21-31. [21]. Uddin Z. and Kumar M.(2010). Unsteady free convection fluid past an inclined plate immersed in a porous medium. Computer Modelling and New Technologies,14(3):41-47. [22]. Veera Krishna M., Palle Kiran and Narasimhulu Y.(2016). Unsteady MHD convective flow of second grade fluid through a porous medium in a rotating parallel plate channel. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics,109(8):217-224.
Achogo, Wisdom Hezekiah, Adikabu Lle Nwachukwu "Mutual Influences of Heat and Mass Transfer on MHD Flow through a Channel with Periodic Wall Concentration and Temperature" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.93-100 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/93-100.pdf
Modern backup power sources, based on diesel generator sets without any special protection, will likely be damaged under the impact of High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) over spacious areas. They will be incapable to perform in critical situations for which they have actually been designed. This article suggests practical protection measures for microprocessor-controlled diesel generators of various capacity and purpose.
- Page(s): 101-107
- Date of Publication: 05 July 2020
- Vladimir Gurevich Central Electric Laboratory, Israel Electric Corp.
References
[1]. Gurevich V. Protecting Electrical Equipment. Good Practices for Preventing High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Impacts. – De Gruyter, Berlin, 2019. – 386 p. [2]. Gurevich V. Digital Protective Relays. Problems and Solutions. – Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton-London-New York, 2011, 404 p. [3]. Gurevich V. I. Basic HEMP Protection Means for a Power Substation: A Quick Guide. – International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 2017, vol. II, issue IV. [4]. Gurevich V. Selection of LC filters to ensure HEMP protection of electronic equipment. – Interference Technologies, May 12, 2020. [5]. Ivko A. Shielding of electronic equipment as a method of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility. – Modern Electronics, 2015, No. 8, pp. 86 – 90 (Rus.). [6]. MIL-STD-188-125-1. High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Protection for Ground-Based C4I Facilities Performing Critical, Time-Urgent Mission. Part 1. Fixed Facilities, US Department of Defense, 1998.
Vladimir Gurevich "Protection of Diesel Generators from Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP)" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.101-107 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/101-107.pdf
This study focused on the identification of fungi species in fresh and rotten yam tubers by inoculating the samples on Potato Dextrose Agar and fungi staining. 16 rotten and 16 fresh yam samples were collected from four different locations, and four (4) different fungi species were isolated and identified. These include Aspergillusniger, Botryodiplodiatheobromae, Penicilliumspp, and Yeast. With Aspergillusspp having the highest percentage occurrence in fresh (50%) and rotten yam samples (81.25%) followed by Botryodiplodiatheobromae, 62.5% and 25% in rotten and fresh yams respectively. Penicilliumspp has 43.7% and 18.75 in rotten and fresh yam samples, with Yeast showing the least percentage occurrence with 62.5% in rotten and 6.25% in fresh yam samples. The presence of these organisms in yam could lead to serious health matters when consumed, therefore should be prevented by proper storage under minimum temperature.
- Page(s): 108-111
- Date of Publication: 06 July 2020
- Nevkaa Dooshima NguliangaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria
- Yerima HalitaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria
- Omoregbe Florence BoseDepartment of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria
References
[1]. Okigbo, R.N. and Ogbonnaya,U.O.( 2006). Antifungal effect of two tropical plant leaf extract Ocimumgratissimum and Aframomummelegueta on post harvest yam (Dioscoreaspp) rot, Afr. J. Biotech. 5 (9): 727-731 [2]. Okigbo, R. N. (2005). Biological control of post harvest fungal rot of yam (Dioscorea spp.) with Bacillus subtils. Mycopathologia 159(2): 307 – 314 [3]. Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO (2005): food and agricultural organization, Rome, 2005 pp23 [4]. Tetteh, J.P. and Saakwa, C. (1994). Prospects and constraints of yam production in Ghana Tyum press. Union of Food Science and Technology, Raleigh, 3:1-12. [5]. Amusa, N. (1995): Yam diseases and their management in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2(12), 497-502 [6]. Akanji, B.O., Akpokodje, G. and Ogundele, O.O. (2003). Labour Use Pattern on Farms. NISER, Annual Survey of Crop Production Condition in Nigeria, 3: 34-46. [7]. Ajayi, A.O. and Olorundare, S.D. (2014). Bacteria and Fungi Species Associated with Yam (Dioscorearotundata) Rot at Akanugba—Akoko, OndoStaste, Nigeria. Applied Science Research Journal, 2, 12-28. [8]. Ekefan, N. (1999). Diseases of yam tubers, International Journal of Tropical Plant Diseases.3: 19-23 [9]. Odurukwe, S.W.( 1980). Yam maize intercropping investigation in Nigeria.Tropical Agriculture. Trindad, 63, 17-21 [10]. Awoniyi, Olubukola, Omonona, Bolarin Titus (2006). Production Efficiency in Yam Based Enterprises in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Central European Agriculture Journal; 7(4):627-636. [11]. Okaka,J.C.,Anajekwu,B.(1990). Preliminary studies on the production and quality evaluation of dry yam snacks,Trop.Sci.30:67-72 [12]. Taiga, A. (2012) Differential Rate of Dry Rot in Dioscorearotundata (White Yam) along the Tuber Length Due to Rot Causing Fungi. Advances in Microbiology, 2: 452-455. [13]. Okigbo R.N. (2004). A Review of Biological Control Methods for Postharvest Yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Storage in South Eastern Nigeria. KMTL Science Journal, 4: 207-215 [14]. Eguzo,T. (2000).Climate zone and weather distribution in Nigeria. pp24-30 [15]. Okigbo R. N. and Emeka A. N. (2010). Biological control of rot-inducing fungi of water yam (Dioscoreaalata) with Trichodermaharzianum, Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas Chlororaphis. Journal of Stored Products and Post harvest Research. 1(2): 18-23. [16]. Ogundana, S.K., Naqui, S.H and Ekundayo, J.A. (1970). Fungi associated with soft rot of yam (Dioscoreaspp) in Nigeria. Trans. Britainia Mycology Society, 54:445-451. [17]. Umogbai, V. I. and Satimehin, A. A. (2004): development and performance evaluation of modified storage structure for fruits and vegetable. Journal of prospects in science, 7:17-21 [18]. Umogbai, V. I. (2013): design, construction and performance evaluation of an underground storage structure for yam tubers. International journal of scientific and research publication, 3(5): 22-34 [19]. Amusa, N. A., Adegbite, A. A, Muhammed S. and Baiyewu R. A. (2003): Yam diseases and its management in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2 (12), 497-502 [20]. Amusa, N. A. and Baiyewu, A. R. (1999): Storage and market diseases of yam tubers in South-Western Nigeria. Ogun Journal of Agricultural Resources 11:211 – 255 [21]. Okigbo, R. N. (2005). Biological control of post harvest fungal rot of yam (Dioscorea spp.) with Bacillus subtils. Mycopathologia 159(2): 307 – 314 [22]. Ajay, K., Gautum, S.S., Shubhi, A. and Rekha, B. (2011). Diversity, pathogenicity and toxicology of A. niger: An important spoilage fungi. Research journal of Microbiology, 6:270-280. [23]. Al-Adalall, A. (2009). Production of aflatoxins by A. flavus and A. niger strains isolated from seeds of pulses. Journal of food agriculture environment, 7(2):33
Nevkaa Dooshima Ngulianga, Yerima Halita, Omoregbe Florence Bose "Identification of Fungal Species in Rotten Yam Tubers Sold in Makurdi Metropolis" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.108-111 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/108-111.pdf
Small business entrepreneurs operate in a very competitive environment in Nigeria which invariably affects their survival. This study specifically examined the effect of marketing strategies (product quality, relationship marketing, pricing and marketing communication) on the performance of selected small business entrepreneurs engaged in laundry and dry-cleaning business in Aba Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research design. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed to laundry and dry-cleaning service operators. 90 were completed and returned, thus forming the sample size of this study. Data obtained were presented in table form and analyzed using simple percentage analysis method. Findings of the study revealed that product quality strategy, pricing strategy and relationship marketing strategy had significant effect on the business performance of small business entrepreneurs while marketing communication had no significant effect on the business performance of small business entrepreneurs in Aba, Nigeria. Thus, the study recommended amongst others the need for small business entrepreneurs to ensure that their products and services are of very high quality, command friendly prices and as well maintain close relationship with their clients.
- Page(s): 112-116
- Date of Publication: 10 July 2020
- Nwaeze ChinweokeDepartment of Banking and Finance, Abia State Polytechnic Aba, Abia State, Nigeria
- Nwadike Chijioke EmmanuelDepartment of Financial Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
- Ufomadu Ogechukwu AbelDepartment of Accountancy, Abia State Polytechnic Aba, Abia State, Nigeria
- Nwankpa Linda OluchiDepartment of Accountancy, Abia State Polytechnic Aba, Abia State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Achumba, I. C. (2000). Strategic Marketing management in the 21st century. New York: Mac, Williams and Capital Publishers incorporated. [2]. Adewale, A. G., Adesola, M.A. & Oyewale, I. (2013). “Impact of marketing strategy on Business Performance. A study of selected Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Oluyole Local Government, Ibadan, Nigeria.” IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 11(4), 59-66. [3]. Adidu, F. A. & Olannye, G. (2006). Basic and business entrepreneurship: A modern approach. Agbor: Royal Pace Publisher. [4]. Cornrlissen, J. (2009). Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice (2nd Edition). London: SAGE Publishers. [5]. Cross, O. D. (2018). “Effect of Marketing Strategies on Organizational Performance.” International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM), 3(9), 1-9. [6]. Ebitu, E. T. (2015). Marketing Management and Strategy. Calabar: University of Calabar Printing Press. [7]. Ebitu, E.T. (2016). “Marketing strategies and the performance of small and medium enterprises in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.” British journal of marketing studies, 4(5) 51-62 [8]. Ebitu, E. T. Basil, G. & Ufot, J. A. (2015). “An appraisal of Nigeria’s Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs): Growth, Challenges and prospects.” International Business and Education Conference, London: United Kingdom, June 7-11. [9]. Funsho, A. M, Lukman O. O, Awe O. J, & Alabi, Y. (2015). “Problems of funding small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria.” IOSR Journal of research and method in education, 5(5), 1-5. [10]. Martins A. T (2015). 10 Relationship strategies for customer loyalty. Retrieved online 23/11/2019. [11]. Moses, O (2010). Understanding business: The basics: Jos: Matachers. [12]. Mumel, D., Hocevar, N. & Snoj, B (2007). “How marketing communication correlates with business performance.” Journal of Applied Business Research, 23(2), 83-92. [13]. Olayinkand, M. & Joseph, F. A. (2013). “Small business pricing in Nigeria.” Canadian social science, 9(2)93-98 [14]. Preetan, P. & Kahn, S. (2011). “Impact of marketing strategy in the performance of small and medium enterprises in India.” Journal of Career Development International, 4(2), 108-119.
Nwaeze Chinweoke, Nwadike Chijioke Emmanuel, Ufomadu Ogechukwu Abel, Nwankpa Linda Oluchi "Effects of Marketing Strategies on the Performance of Small Business Entrepreneurs in Aba, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.112-116 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/112-116.pdf
The effect of honey on the inhibition of bacterial growth was investigated. This was done to simulate the possible impact of honey on bacteria in living tissues and the possible use of this naturally occurring food substance as a substitute for antibiotic use as a result of antibiotic resistance. Three (3) bacterial organisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to three varieties of honey; local honey (LH), Pure honey® (PH) and pure blossom honey ® (PBH)respectively in a culture media. The antibiotic tablet Ampiclox was used as control in the culture media. The bacteria were stained with the different honey types and Ampiclox antibiotic and the zones of inhibition were measured after 24 hours of staining. Result from the study indicate that apart from the control, the local honey achieved the greatest zone of inhibition followed by the pure honey ® and lastly by the pure blossom honey. Mean values for Escherichia coli inhibition were 10.33, 9.0, 8.3 and 12.33 for LH, PH, PBH and control (Ampiclox) respectively. While Staphylococcus aureus inhibition are 13.66, 10.0, 9.0 and 14.0 respectively for LH, PH, PBH and control. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed inhibition rates of 11.33, 9.33, 8.66 and 13.33 for LH, PH, PBH and control (Ampiclox) respectively. There was a significant difference P<0.05 (P=0.005) in inhibition between PBH and Control (Ampiclox) in Escherichia coli but no significant difference between the others (P>0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.05) between LH and PH (P=0.005); LH and PBH (P=0.001) in Staphylococcus aureus inhibition. There was significant difference between LH and control (P>0.05). There were significant differences between the control (Ampiclox) and PH (P=0.007) and between the control (Ampiclox) and PBH (P=0.003) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth inhibition. There was no significant difference between control and LH. Based on the result of this finding LH can be considered as useful alternative for the treatment of infections of these bacterial origins in cases were Ampiclox resistance is established.
- Page(s): 117-121
- Date of Publication: 11 July 2020
- Koru Joe AlagoaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
- Jeremiah A. YabefaDepartment of Sciences Laboratory Technology, Bayelsa State Polytechnic, Aleibiri, Nigeria
- Jennifer IhuomaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Gislene G. F. N; Juliana L; Paulo C. F; Giuliana L. S. (2000) Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria.Brazilian Journal of Microbiology (2000) 31:247-256. [2]. Kigigha, L. T.andAtuzie, M. N. (2012). Assessment of traditional medicinal application of Alchorneacordifolia.Afri J. Biotech., 11(8):2083-2086 [3]. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp; 2012. [4]. Al- Naama, R.T (2009) Evaluation of in-vitro inhibitory effect of honey on some microbial isolateJ. Bacteriol. Res Vol.1(6), pp. 064-067. [5]. Taormina P.J., Niemira B.A. and Beuchat L.R. (2001). Inhibitory activity of honey against food borne pathogens and influenced by the presence of hydrogen peroxide and levels of anti-oxidant power. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 69: 217 – 225. [6]. Cooper R., Molan P. and Harding K. (2002). The sensitivity to honey of gram positive cocci of clinical significance isolated from wounds. Journal of Applied microbiology, 93(5): 857 – 863. [7]. Jing P., Xu W., Yi H., Bai L. and Yuan R. (2014). An amplified electrochemical optasensor for thrombin detection based on Pseudobioenzyme Fe3O4 – Au nano composites and electro active hemin/G-quadruplex and signal enhances. Analyst, 139, 1756 – 1761. [8]. Moumbe, F. Zambou, M. Kaktcham, U (2013) Antimicrobial activity of probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from “SHA′A” and assement of its viability in local honeyJ. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci., 3,. 226-231 [9]. Molan P.C.(1992) The antibacterial nature of honey. The nature of the antibacterial activity. Bee World; 73: 5-28.
Koru Joe Alagoa, Jeremiah A. Yabefa, Jennifer Ihuoma "The Effect of Local and Processed Honey on the Inhibibition of Bacterial Growth" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.117-121 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/117-121.pdf
An investigation to assess the impact of auto-mechanic activities on the groundwater in Mile 2 Diobu was conducted with the aim to ascertain the level of pollution as well as the portability of the groundwater for human consumption. A total of four boreholes were analyzed for their physicochemical properties (temperature, pH and electrical conductivity) and heavy metal content (Pb, Cd, Fe, Cr, and Zn). Groundwater samples were collected from three functional boreholes within the mechanic village and a control groundwater sample was collected far away from the workshop area. The results of the analysis compared with the WHO guideline values for drinking water quality parameters revealed that all the parameters assessed were within the permissible limit set by the organization except the pH which was low and indicated that the groundwater within the area was slightly acidic as the pH ranged from 6.0 – 6.5. It was therefore concluded from the study that the auto-mechanic activities carried out in the area has not significantly impacted on the groundwater resource. However, the low pH indicated that the water requires minor treatment before human consumption. The recommendations of the study include continuous monitoring of the concentration of Fe in the groundwater resource as well as other contaminants; appropriate regulatory authorities should put in place legislature to manage, regulate and control disposal of the wastes generated from auto-mechanic activities; education of workshop owners on dangers of indiscriminate waste disposal.
- Page(s): 122-128
- Date of Publication: 11 July 2020
- Opara, C. Y.Department of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, PMB 5047 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Festus, CDepartment of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, PMB 5047 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Edori, O. S.Department of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, PMB 5047 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Abadom, D. C. and Nwankwoala, H. O. (2018). Investigations of physico-chemical composition of groundwater in Otouke and environs, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, 9(1), 13 – 20. [2]. Adelekan, B. A. and Abegunde, K. D. (2011). Heavy metal contamination of soil and groundwater at automobile mechanic villages in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 6(5), 1045 – 1058. [3]. Adewoyin, O. A., Hasan, A. T. and Aladesida, A. A. (2013). The impact of auto-mechanic workshops on soil and groundwater in Ibadan Metropolis. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7(9), 891 – 898. [4]. Amukali, O., Bariweni, P. A. and Imaitor-Uku, E. E. (2018). Spatial distribution of heavy metal concentration indexesin soils around auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Yenegoa metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Earth and Environmental Science, 3(4), 23 – 33. [5]. Devendra, D., Abhineet, N. and Atul, K. (2014). Analysis of physico-chemical water pollution indicators by statiscal evaluation and water quality index of Khan River at Indore, India. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research, 3(8), 2148 – 2153. [6]. Duru, C. E., Enedoh, C. M., and Duru, A. I. (2019). Physicochemical assessment of borehole water in a reclaimed section of Nekede mechanic village, Imo State, Nigeria. The Tunisian Chemical Society and Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. [7]. Duru, C. E., Okoro, I. P. and Enyah, C. E. (2017). Quality assessment of borehole water within Orji mechanic village using pollution contamination models. International Journal of Chemical, Material and Environmental Research, 4(3), 123 – 130. [8]. Edori, O. S. and Edori, E. S. (2012). Effect of automechanic work on lead and iron content in two mechanic village in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 16(4), 317 – 321. [9]. Edori, O. S. and Kpee, F. (2016). Physicochemical and heavy metal assessment of water samples from boreholes near some abattoirs in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. American Chemical Sciences Journal, 14(3), 1 – 8. [10]. Enukorah, E. A. and Ozuah, A. C. (2018). Comparative assessment of the physicochemical and heavy metal levels in potable water sources in Awka and Nnewi Metropolis. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 9(4), 838 – 850. [11]. Ganiyu, S. A., Badmus, B. S., Oladunjoye, M. A., Aizebeokhai, A. P., Ozebo, V. C., Idomu, O. A., and Olurin, O. T. (2016). Assessment of groundwater contamination around active dumpsite in Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria using integrated electrical resistivity and hydrochemical methods. Environment Earth Science, 75(643), 1-19. [12]. Hunter, P. R., MacDonald, A.M. and Carter, R.C. (2010). Water supply and health. PLOS Medicine, 7(11), 1 – 9. [13]. Ibrahim, D., Abdullahii, S. U., Adamu, I. U., Dazi, L. L., Salihu, A. I., and Simon, I. A. (2019). Heavy metal contamination of soil and ground water at automobile mechanic workshops in Borno State, Nigeria. Nigerian Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 7, 197 – 213. [14]. Ismaila, O. S., Samsudeen, O. A., Yusuf, O. A. and Usaka, C. G. (2017). Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of selected borehole waters in Oke-Oyi Community, Ilorin East Local Government Area, Kwara State. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 21(6), 1127 – 1129. [15]. Itodo, A. U., Elinge, C. M., Peni, I. J., Bernin-Yauri, U. A. and Mbongo, A. N. (2011). Assessment of heavy metals concentration in borehole waters in Aliero Community of Kebbi State. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(4), 279 – 282. [16]. Jéquier, E. and Constant, F. (2010). Water as an essential nutrient: the physiological basis of hydration. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 64, 115 – 123. [17]. Owoso, J., Azike, N., Akinsanya, N., Okonkwo, C., and Kuteyi, T. (2017). Heavy metal contamination of soil and groundwater by artisanal activities in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 8(4), 1344 – 1349. [18]. Kaizer, A. N. and Osakwe, S. A. (2010). Physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal levels in water samples from five river systems in Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 14(1), 83 – 87. [19]. Khalifa, M. and Bidaisee, S. (2018). The importance of clean water. Scholar Journal of Applied Sciences and Research, 1(7), 17 – 20. [20]. Nebo, C. U., Udom, G. J. and Ehirim, C. N. (2018). Contaminant impact assessment of automobile mechanic workshop on soil and groundwater resource in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Science Inventions Today, 7 (3), 451 – 463. [21]. Njar, G, N., Iwara, I. A., Offiong, R. A. and Deckor, T. (2012). Assessment of heavy metal status of boreholes in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 3(1), 86- 91. [22]. Nwankwoala, H. O. and Ememu, A. J. (2018). Contamination indices and heavy metal concentration in soils in Okpoko and environs, Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health, 2(2), 77 – 95. [23]. Nwankwoala, H. O. and Omemu, S. O. (2019). Quality implications of physico-chemical properties and heavy metal concentration levels in groundwater sources in Elebele community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Health Science, 5(1), 52 – 58. [24]. Ogundapo, T. and Tobinson, A. B. (2018). Assessment of the impact of automobile waste on the environment. International Journal of Engineering Inventions, 7(7), 1 – 15. [25]. Peter-Ikechukwu, A., Omeire, G. C., Okafor, D. C., Eluchie, C., Odimegwu, N. E., Nze, S. N., Anagwu, F. I. and Okeke, K. C. (2015). Assessment of the quality of borehole water in Federal Housing Estate and sites and services Areas of Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Food Science and Quality Management, 42, 5-12. [26]. Reda, A. H. (2016). Physico-chemical analysis of drinking water quality of Arbaminch Town. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 6(2), 1 – 5. [27]. Sisira, S. S., Giorgi, G., Ilia, K., Tea, U. and Angelika, P. (2018). Water quality in surface water: A preliminary assessment of heavy metal contamination of the Mashavera River, Georgia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(621), 1 – 25. [28]. Sokpuwu, I. A. (2017). Groundwater quality assessment in Ebubu Community, Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 4(4), 1 – 11. [29]. Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K. and Sutton, D. J. (2014). Heavy metals toxicity and the environment. National Institute of Health Public Access, 1 – 30. [30]. Usman, A. A., Odoma, A. N. and Ozulu, G. U. (2013). Heavy metal concentration in ground water caused by automobile workshop activities and its health implications on the inhabitants of Makurdi Metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Health and Medical Information, 2(2), 36 -43. [31]. Winifred, U. A., Nsikak, U. B., Anuolowa, A. A., Cyril, O. E. and Ifedayo, O. A. (2014). Assessment of trace metals in drinking water and groundwater sources in Ota, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(5), 1 – 4. [32]. World Health Organization (2011). Hardness in Drinking-water. Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality, Switzerland: Geneva.
Opara, C. Y., Festus, C, Edori, O. S. "An Assessment of the Impact of Auto-Mechanic Activities on Groundwater in Diobu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.122-128 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/122-128.pdf
In this research work, we modeled Tuberculosis (TB) with conditional latent period using Delay Differential Equation. The model variables were divided into six compartments – susceptible, vaccinated latent (low and high), infected and recovered humans. We investigate the Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) of the model and find the conditions that guarantee the asymptotic stability of corresponding steady states using stability theory of differential equations. The numerical simulations were carried out to test the effect of influence of key parameters on the spread of the TB epidemic, in particular the treatment and vaccination parameters to support the analytical solution and the stability theorem. It was shown that the introduced vaccination, high latent period and treatment parameter helps in controlling and eradication of TB epidemic in the population with respect to time. It is good to conclude that high effective treatment should be administered as well as high vaccination as this helps a long way in controlling the TB epidemic.
- Page(s): 129-135
- Date of Publication: 11 July 2020
- A. Z. LokoMathematics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria
- Joseph I. KPhysics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria
- Alhaji Ismaila SulaimanStatistics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria
- Lucas W. L.Mathematics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria
References
[1]. International Council of Nurses (2008). Tb Guidelines for Nurses in the Care and Control of Tuberculosis and Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis. Retrieved from: https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/tb_mdrtb_guideline.pdf [2]. Alimuddin, Z. Mario, R., Richard, H., and Fordham von Reyn, C. (2013). Current Concepts: Tuberculosis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 745-755 [3]. Baxter, T. (1993). Low infectivity of tuberculosis, The Lancet, 342 (1993), 371 [4]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(1992-1995). Exposure of passengers and flight crew to Mycobacterium tuberculosis on commercial aircraft, MMWR, 44 (1995), 137–140. [5]. McFarland, J. W., Hickman, C., Osterholm, M. T. and MacDonald, K. L. (1993). Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during air travel, The Lancet, 342, 112–113. [6]. Styblo, K (1991). “Epidemiology of Tuberculosis,” Selected Papers, 24, Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association, The Hague, 1991. [7]. Fathalla, A. R. and Naim M. (2012). Qualitative Analysis of Delayed SIR Epidemic Model with a Saturated Incidence Rate. International Journal of Differential Equations Volume 2012, Article ID 408637, 13 pages doi:10.1155/2012/408637 [8]. Van den Driessche, P. and Watmough, J. (2002). Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission. Math.Biosci. 180, 29–48, 2002 doi:10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00108-6 [9]. Diekmann, O., Heesterbeek, J. A. P. and Metz, J. A. P. (1990).“On the definition and computation of the basic reproduction ratio R0 in the model of infectious disease in heterogeneous populations”, Journal Math. Biol. 2(1), pp. 265-382. [10]. Stephen A. G., Yang, K. & John, D. N. (2008). Dynamics of a delay differential equation model of hepatitis B virus infection. Journal of Biological Dynamics, 2:2,140-153, DOI: 10.1080/17513750701769873 [11]. Abdullah, I. E. (2013). A Comparative Analysis of Four Deterministic Compartmental Mathematical Models for Controlling the Spread of Tuberculosis in Nigeria. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology14(2), 182-193
A. Z. Loko, Joseph I. K, Alhaji Ismaila Sulaiman, Lucas W. L. "Modelling Tuberculosis with Conditional Latent Period" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.129-135 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/129-135.pdf
Agricultural production plays a big role in economic growth especially in developing countries; one of the biggest problems for a farmer is different type of diseases that affect crop on farm. This problem has destroyed plenty of crops which eventually led to shortage in annual agricultural production across the world. Quality and high production of crops could be determined by early detection of diseases in the crop. Diseases detection through manual observation can be somehow tedious, complex, expensive, and difficult, and subject to rigorous analysis. Although some researchers have worked in this field but most of the existing methods for solving problems in diseases detection have not been effective in terms of real time basis. This paper therefore presents an effective method for efficient detection of maize leaf diseases. The proposed method uses image processing techniques for the extraction of important features in order to showcase the characteristics properties of the image that could be used for the identification. Machine learning techniques are applied to classify the extracted features to separate diseased plant leaf from healthy ones. The experimental results show that the application of modified machine learning techniques could be effectively used for the classification of plant leaf diseases even with an accuracy of 96.7%. This approach would be very useful to farmers to prevent damages of crops, shortage of food production in the society and wasting of money on agricultural products like pesticides and so on.
- Page(s): 136-140
- Date of Publication: 11 July 2020
- Ibrahim M. AdekunleDepartment of ICT, Osun State University, Nigeria
References
[1]. Aziz S., Bashir M., Mughal O., khan M.U. and Khan A. (2019)“Image Pattern Classification for Plant Disease Identification using Local Tri-directional Features”,IEEE 10th Annual Information Technology, Electronic and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). [2]. Ghaiwat S. N. and Arora P. (2014), "Detection and classification of plant leaf diseases using image processing techniques: a review," International Journal of Recent Advances in Engineering & Technology, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1-7. [3]. Dhaygude S. B. and Kumbhar N. P. (2013), "Agricultural plant leaf disease detection using image processing," International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 599-602. [4]. Bashir S. and Sharma N. (2012), "Remote area plant disease detection using image processing," IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 31-34. [5]. Sullca C., Molina C., Rodrgíuez C., and Fernández T. (2019) “Diseases Detection in Blueberry Leaves using Computer Vision and Machine Learning Techniques”, International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 656-661. [6]. Maniyath S.R., Ram H. (2018) “ Plant Disease Detection Using Machine Learning”, International Conference on Design Innovations for 3Cs Compute Communicate Control. Pp. 41-45 [7]. Saleem M. H., Potgieter J. and Arif K. M. (2019) “Plant Disease Detection and Classification by Deep Learning”, Plants, MDPI, Vol. 8, No. 468, pp. 1-22. [8]. Hall, D.; McCool, C.; Dayoub, F.; Sunderhauf, N.; Upcroft, B (2015). Evaluation of features for leaf classification in challenging conditions. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, Waikoloa Beach, HI, USA,pp. 797–804. [9]. Kamilaris, A.; Prenafeta-Boldú, F.X (2018). Deep learning in agriculture: A survey. Comput. Electron. Agric. , 147, pp. 70–90. [10]. Amara, J.; Bouaziz, B.; Algergawy, A (2017). A Deep Learning-based Approach for Banana Leaf Diseases Classification. In Proceedings of the BTW (Workshops), Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 79–88. [11]. Usha K., Kanagasuba R. S., Jaichandran R., Priyadharshini C. (2019). Detection and Classification of Paddy Crop Disease Using Deep Learning Techniques, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), Vol. 8, No 3, pp. 4353-4359. [12]. Tsaftaris, S, Minervini, M & Scharr, H (2016), “Machine Learning for Plant Phenotyping Needs Image Processing” Trends in plant science, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 989–991. [13]. Alajrami, M. A., & Abu-Naser, S. S (2018).” Onion Rule Based System for Disorders Diagnosis and Treatment”, International Journal of Academic Pedagogical Research (IJAPR), 2 (8), pp. 1-9. [14]. Belal A. M. Ashqar, Samy S. Abu-Naser (2018), “Image-Based Tomato Leaves Diseases Detection Using Deep Learning”, International Journal of Academic Engineering Research (IJAER), Vol. 2 No. 12, pp. 10-16. [15]. Krizhevsky A., Sutskever I., Hinton, Geoffrey E (2017). "ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks". Communications of the ACM. 60 (6): pp. 84– 90. [16]. Rastogi A., Arora A. and Sharma S. (2015),” Leaf Disease Detection and Grading using Computer Vision Technology &Fuzzy Logic” 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN). [17]. Mendeley Homepage,https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/tywbtsjrjv/1#file-127d0761- 7c63-46f0-b08e-d0d9f7cad9da, last accessed 2020/06/02. [18]. Maniyath S. R., Vinod P., Niveditha M., Pooja R., Shashank N., and Hebbar R. (2018), "Plant Disease Detection Using Machine Learning," in 2018 International Conference on Design Innovations for 3CsCompute Communicate Control (ICDI3C),: IEEE, pp. 41-45. [19]. Brahimi, M.; Boukhalfa, K.; Moussaoui, A (2017). Deep learning for tomato diseases: Classification and symptoms visualization. Appl. Artificial. Intelligence., 31, 299–315. [20]. Polder, G.; Blok, P.M.; de Villiers, H.A.C.; van der Wolf, J.M.; Kamp, J(2019). Detection in Seed Potatoes Using Deep Learning on Hyperspectral Images. Front. Plant Sci., 10. [21]. Chen, Y.; Jiang, H.; Li, C.; Jia, X.; Ghamisi, P (2016). Deep feature extraction and classification of hyperspectral images based on convolutional neural networks. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 54, 6232–6251. [22]. Venkatesan R. and Li B. (2017), Convolutional Neural Networks in Visual Computing, CRC Press. [23]. Sannakki S.S. and Rajpurohit V. S. (2015),” Classification of Pomegranate Diseases Based on Back Propagation Neural Network,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol 2 Issue:02. [24]. Ibrahim M.A., Ojo O.A. and Oluwafisoye P.A.(2017)“ On Feature Selection Methods for Accurate Classification and Analysis of Emphysema CT Images.”, International Journal of Medical Imaging, USA, SciencePG Vol. 5, No. 6, 2017, pp. 70-78.
Ibrahim M. Adekunle "Implementation of Improved Machine Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Detection and Classification" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.136-140 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/136-140.pdf
The study examined the effect of training on employee performance in the organization, using selected banks in Anambra State, Nigeria as the study area. The relevant literature relating to the study was partitioned into four main sections of conceptual review, theoretical framework, theoretical exposition and empirical review. The study made use of descriptive survey design. The statistical tools of analysis were summary statistics of percentages, Pearson correlation and Ordinary Least Square (OLS), multiple regression analysis. All tests were conducted at 0.05 level of significance. Preliminary results from the analysis indicate that the model is statistically significant given the F-Statistic of 22.048 and probability level of 0.05. The regression coefficient of 0.510 shows that 51 percent relationship exists between the dependent and independent variables. Similarly, the coefficient of determination, R2 with a value of 0.503 shows that 50.3 percent variation in the dependent variable can be explained by the regressors. Major findings of the study are that training have positive and significant effect on employee engagement/involvement, motivation and job satisfaction which are the necessary conditions for employees enhanced performance in the organization. The study concludes that training is necessary to increase the proficiency of the employees towards effective performance in the organization. It was recommended among others that appropriate training programmes should be designed for the employees to learn new skills for effective performance in their organizations.
- Page(s): 141-147
- Date of Publication: 11 July 2020
- Njideka Phina OnyekweluDepartment of Business Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Ibeto Michael UchennaDepartment of Education Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
References
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Enugu: Bismark Publications. [10]. Ekundayo, J.A. (2015). Impact of training and development on workers productivity: a study of selected oil service companies in Port Harcourt. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 8(1): 37-47. [11]. Elnaga, A. and Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(4): 137-147. [12]. Enga, E. (2017). The impact of training and development on organizational performance: a study of National Financial Credit Bank Kumba. Centria University of Applied Sciences. [13]. Frederick, B.A. and Stephen, O.O. (2010). Teachers’ perception of staff development programmes as it relates to teachers effectiveness: a study of rural primary school sin Kenya, Educational Research and Review, 5(1): 001-009. [14]. Garner, E. (2012). Training skills: how to improve the skills and performance of your employees. Ventus: Eric Garner and Ventures Publishing. [15]. Githinji, A. (2014). 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Njideka Phina Onyekwelu, Ibeto Michael Uchenna "Effect of Training on Employee Performance: A Study of Selected Banks in Anambra State, Nigeria" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.141-147 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/141-147.pdf
SnPb2O4, alloyed thin films were successfully deposited on glass substrates using dual solution synthesis under the deposition condition of 60oC of NaOH solution. The deposited alloyed samples were annealed between 100oC to 250oC using Master Chef Annealing Machine. The crystallographic studies were done using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD pattern of SnPb2O4 alloyed thin films of samples A11 and A12 with one diffraction peak at 2θ = 22.300 with corresponding Miller indices (111) and the grain size of the alloys is 92.29nm. SEM results show that sample A11 and A12 have high porosity and roughness which may be due to vaporization of water. Rutherford backscattering Spectroscopy ( RBS) analysis confirmed the percentage of the elements of , lead, tin, and oxygen in the alloyed thin films samples. The optical characterization was carried out using UV-1800 series, double beam spectrophotometer. Sample A11 of SnPb2O4 alloyed thin films annealed at 2500C, shows optical transmittance of 30%-65% in the ultraviolet region, 66%-76% in the visible, and 76%-80% in the near-infrared regions of electromagnetic spectrum. Sample A12 annealed at 200 oC has an optical transmittance of 27% -70% in the ultraviolet region, 71% -80% in the visible and 81%-86% in the near infrared regions of electromagnetic spectrum. The two samples, have direct average wide band gap of 3.65±0.05eV.
- Page(s): 148-154
- Date of Publication: 14 July 2020
- Joseph Ijeoma OnwuemekaImo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
References
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Joseph Ijeoma Onwuemeka "Dual Chemically Synthesized Tin (IV) Di-lead Tetraoxide (SnPb2O4) Alloyed Thin Films" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.148-154 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/148-154.pdf
The concentration dependent thermodynamic properties of liquid Sodium ( and Lead ( alloys have been explained theoretically using a simple statistical mechanical model: Four Atom Cluster Model (FACM), to obtain higher order conditional probabilities of chemical ordering in liquid binary alloys. The study of free energy of mixing, GM, activity, concentration-concentration fluctuations in long wavelength limits, Scc(o), the Warren-Cowley chemical short-range order parameter, (CSRO), heat of mixing, , and entropy of mixing.using the optimized values of order energy, w, obtained were used to describe the thermodynamic properties at different concentration and temperature of and , respectively. From the study, it is observed that the thermodynamic properties of and exhibit negative deviations hence; this study reveals that both Na-TI and Pb-TI are short ranged ordered alloys.
- Page(s): 155-161
- Date of Publication: 14 July 2020
- Vincent. O. OgunrindeCondensed Matter Research Group, Department of Physics, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Yisau. A. OdusoteCondensed Matter Research Group, Department of Physics, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
References
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Vincent. O. Ogunrinde, Yisau. A. Odusote "Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Na-Tl and Pb-Tl Systems Using Four-Atom Cluster Model" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.155-161 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/155-161.pdf
Improvisation and integration of Local instructional materials in the teaching and learning of social studies in the Junior Secondary School was investigated. Four research questions and two hypothesis were formulated and tested at 0.05 significant levels. Population for the study comprised all Junior Secondary school social studies teachers numbering 32 and 4.25 junior secondary school two (JSS 2) students in Minna municipal council of Niger State. Sample size consisted al the 32 Social studies teachers and 200 social studies students from the 10 Junior Secondary schools in the municipality. The students were selected using simple random sampling technique. The instruments for data collection were social studies teachers questionnaire (SSTQ) and social studies students questionnaire (SSSQ). Data collected were analyzed using simple percentages and mean. The instruments were subjected to a test technique, and a positive result of 071 was satisfactorily recorded using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. Results of the analysis showed that the improvisation and integration of instructional materials in the Junior Secondary schools were at its lowest ebb. There was no gender influence in the improvisation and integration. Among the recommendations made was that understanding and development of indigenous art technology, aesthetics, beliefs, values and attitudes should be intensified so that the social studies students would not be denied the opportunity & meaningful learning interactions.
- Page(s): 162-168
- Date of Publication: 15 July 2020
- Adamu, Zubairu EvutiDepartment of Educational Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- Fati AliDepartment of Educational Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
References
[1]. Akude, I. (2015). Creativity and improvisation in the production and utilization of Educational Technology materials for the Nigerian school system. In Dorothy A. Onyejemezi and IkedukwuAkude (eds.) Aspect of educational Technology, Enugu: New Age Publishers. [2]. Danjuma, D. (2016). Effects of the use of video-compact disc instructional package an academic performance of junior secondary school social studies students in Niger State. Journal of Educational Technology and Instruction (JETI), 1(1), 31-37 [3]. Ekeada, F.I.N. (2016). Social Studies Fundamentals for Junior Secondary School Book 3. Niger New African Publishing Co-Limited. [4]. Ema, E. (2016). Need for Improvisation of Instructional Materials for Effective Teaching and Learning Process. Journal of Educational Technology and Instruction. 1(1), 83-86. [5]. Nakaka, D.M. &Adamu, Z.E. (2017). Improvisation and Local Instructional Materials Production in G.A. Ike, O.S. Chimezie and A.O. Iwu (eds). Perspective on educational technology I & II in NCE/DLS Course Book (ed). Kaduna: National Teachers Institute. [6]. Ofoefuna, J. &Adamu, Z. (2018). Producing and Integrating local instructional materials: Implication for the attainment of quality teachers education programme in Nigeria. International Journal of Education. 1(1), 106-115. [7]. Turkur, A. (2017). Improvisation of instructional materials in manual for re-training of primary school teachers. Kaduna: National Teachers Institute.
Adamu, Zubairu Evuti, Fati Ali "Improvisation and Integration of Local Instructional Materials in Junior Secondary Schools in Niger State, Minna" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 6 June 2020, pp.162-168 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue6/162-168.pdf