Study of Olfaction Using “UPSIT Olfactory Smell Test” In Early
Parkinson’s Disease with Acute Schizophenia and Its Co-Relation
with MRI Changes in The Arcuate Fasciculus-A Case Series
Venkatesh Kumar MD, Arun Prasath MD DM, Tarun Kumar Dutta MD
Department of Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and
Research
Received: 07 November 2025; Accepted: 14 November 2025; Published: 26 November 2025
ABSTRACT
A note on Reverberation phenomenon-The etymology of the 1st Cranial nerve (hereafter referred to as CN) has
been kept under study for 60-90000 years. There are CN1-12 and while tractology of these are complete, the
olfactory nerve or the primitive nervosa of the human brain is an “odour” elusive. The 8th and 9th CN have no
connections and similarly the 2nd to 9th order of the primitive nervosa stay transcendental in the following
facts,1)Smell is read synaptically by the olfactory cells of the cribriform plate which are transmitted to the
olfactory cilia and glomerular and preglomerular cells.2)Medial perforated substance or the anterior mamillary
body is the kempt provis of odour(5th order tractology) which is based on the member sexology while certain
populous have absent 13th CN(the spinal accessory nerve).3)The Pada nerve here referred to as novel,or the
frontal bracket or cloud of movement sensor is an obfuscated nerve bundle which favours connection to
uncinate and arcuate fasciculus thereby connecting to lingual area or area 13 of temporal lobe by simulate
volcare from the OLFACTORY BULB or the 6th order and is expansile-contractile in nature. There are 3 to 5
scenario in 18-60year old population where ‘mmsec-SI unit’ (6) expansion and contraction of the olfavtory
bulb (E and C of OB) may be symmetric or asymmetric, the latter causing auditory hallucinations in this case
series showing hyperluscency of the arcuate fasciculus. The arcuate fasciculus is studied by Functional MRI to
be a eight nerve bundle, neurons in which synapse at premeditated combinations in relation to E and C of OB.
Similarly the uncinate fasciculus is studied to be a four nerve bundle related to 13 the CN in head movements.
In this case series of 5-10 Parkinsonism diagnosed with resting trmors, bradykinesia and cog wheel rigidity
with co-morbid Acute Schizophrenia, we had a chance to highlight the MRI changes of Arcuate Fasciculus in
relation to OB-E and C. Patient was on also on Syndopa-Carbidopa Rx, an additional factor which may have
incited the Auditory hallucinations.
A subset of 5-6 head injury and 15-22 URTI patients were also included for co-relation with hyposmia by
“UPSIT olfactory smell test” in this study.
Keywords: Margination or Reverberation or Hubbernation reflex, auditory hallucination-Aud. hall., AF-
arcuate fasciculus, pleximeter, OB-olfactory bulb, hyposmia, olfactory memory
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second common neurodegenerative disorder with high prevalence in the west
and also in India.Our patient subset was 56-74year olds who presented with the cardinal features. of PD
according to Braak staging (1) and were diagnosed based on common features of resting/intention tremors,
bradykinesia, cog wheel rigidity, scanning speech and festinant gait. Interestingly this case series also had
symptoms of auditory hallucination as they were chosen subset with Acute Schozophrenia, URTUI or
recuperated head injury patients.TO PROVE organicity pf this Auditory hallucination WAS THE AIM
AND OBJECTIVE OF THIS PILOT STUDY.
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