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5 New Species from Bangladesh
Zinia nasrin Shumon
1
Dr. Shaikh Bokhtear Uddin
2
Independent researcher, RDA campus, Bogura, Bangladesh1
Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram
4331, Bangladesh
2
*Corresponding Author
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.1010000025
Received: 18 September 2025; Accepted: 25 September 2025; Published: 29 October 2025
ABSTRACT September
Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA was described and illustrated (Fig-1) as a new species from the district of Bogura,
Latitude: 24.843559, Longitude: 89.370108, Bangladesh. It belongs to the Rudraksha family Elaeocarpaceae.
However, the Rudraksha fruit is a blue marble and rounded seed-shell/stone. This new species is deeply sculpted
stone similar to Rudraksha seed. But not round shaped. It was lance-shaped with pointed tips. Elaeocarpus
obtusus Blume has round but pointed fruits and obtuse to broadly rounded apex leaves. There is no information
that Elaeocarpus obtusus Blume found in Bangladesh. Both species compare in Table-1. The ellipsoid fruit
pointed at apex and sweet in taste. Not sour like other Elaeocarpus species like E. serratus, E. floribundus and
others found in Bangladesh. This medium tree has buttressed roots and new shoots from bottom of tree trunk.
Leaves are quite similar to Elaeocarpus obtusus Blume, small and round leaves.
Keywords: Elaeocarpaceae, Elaeocarpus, New species, Bangladesh.
INTRODUCTION
Elaeocarpaceae Juss. First published in Essai Propr. Méd. Pl. ed. 2: 87. 1816 [11 May 1816] (1816) nom. cons.
Bricker, J. S. (1991). A revision of the genus Crinodendron (Elaeocarpaceae). Syst. Bot. 16 (1): 77–87. The
native range of this genus is from W. Indian Ocean, Tropical & Subtropical Asia to Pacific Ocean. This includes
483 accepted Species and of that may be 6/7 species are present in Bangladesh. Elaeocarpus is a genus of
flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae native to the Western Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical
Asia. The genus Elaeocarpus Burm. ex L. First published in Sp. Pl.: 515 (1753). Rudraksha tree and blue marble
fruit are rarely in Bangladesh as ornamental, non-native. The native range of this species is Java. Indo-China to
the West and Central Malesia. This is not true Rudraksha fruit, but belongs to the Rudraksha family
(Elaeocarpaceae). Grows in tropical biomes like Bangladesh also. Bangladesh is also in Indo-Chinese climate
ranges. Native species belongs to Malesia.
5 wild species found in Bangladesh. They are, Elaeocarpus serratus L. (Encyclopedia of Life. eol.org. Retrieved
11 May 2021) and Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume (Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 120 (1825). Elaeocarpus aristatus
Roxb (Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-
970. Botanical Survey of India. Elaeocarpus acuminatus Wall. ex-Mast (Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020).
Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India).
Elaeocarpus rugosus Roxb. ex G.Don (Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500).
Taxonomic treatment:
Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA sp. nov. p- 19, Figs.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Table-1
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TYPE: Bangladesh, Bogura district, RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude. Fig-6: Map & Location: Bogura district,
RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude 24.70632° or 24° 42' 23" north. Longitude 89.39486° or 89° 23' 42" east.
Diagnosis: Morphologically Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA (Fig-1) compared with Elaeocarpus obtusus Blume
(Table-1). But fruits shape is different. Also compared with Elaeocarpus angustifolius – The blue marvel tree.
Taxonomic tree:
Kingdom: Plantae
Family: Elaeocarpaceae
Genus: Elaeocarpus
Species: E. zeus MRDA
Binomial name
Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA
Description
Tree, Small to medium-sized with buttressed root. Young shoots grew from the roots near the buttressed root
(Fig -2). Dark brown trunk with rough bark. New shoots from the bottom of tree is an unusual characteristic of
this species (Image-Z). Near to 30 cm diameter. Spirally arranged leaves create crown. The leaves varied from
5cm-14cm. Obtuse to broadly rounded apex. Occasionally acuminate. Dark green leaves turned red when mature.
Short petiole 1cm to 3cm. Raceme- type Inflorescence. Size 10cm long. Off-white flowers. About 1.2cm across.
Petal number 5, size 6-7mm. Sepal hardy 5 in number, 4-5mm. Stamens 30-40 in number, size 2mm. Stigma
have no lobe, pipe type, narrow in top, style size 3mm. Longer than stamen. Ovary orange color. Peduncle long
5-6mm. Fruits oblong with pointed apex, which is a characteristic of Elaeocarpus obtusus Blume. But this
species fruits are ellipsoid with pointed tip 4mm. Drupe not shiny, dark green with blackish spots. Flesh not
sours at all, sweet in taste. Size 3-3.5cm x 2cm. Stone/Seed coat deeply sculptured within the fruit. Seed coat
pointed both sides, 3cm length, size1-loculed, Seed fleshy endosperm/nut ca. 1.8cm. (Fig-1,3,4).
Fruits seed is a nut (Image-K, L). Taste like cashew nuts. The stone was too hard to crake. Therefore, the
germination rate will continue until the next year.
Flowering May-July & Fruiting Sep-Dec.
Table-1. Difference between Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA & Elaeocarpus obtusus Blume
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Characters
Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA
Elaeocarpus obtusus Blume
Tree size
10-13m
15 m tall, 30 cm diam
Leaves
Dark green, glossy. 4cm-13cm long & 2-3.3 cm
wide
Up to 14cm
Petiole
Petiole size 4mm-11mm
Petiole short, about 1 cm long
Leaves-shape
Have some similarity to Elaeocarpus obtusus
Blume. But bottom leaves sometimes heart
shaped and wider.
Oblong-obovate, apex obtuse to broadly
rounded or shortly acuminate, base
cuneate.
Inflorescence
Raceme type. Long up to 10 cm
Raceme. Long 5cm-10cm
Flower
1.2-1.3 cm across,
Flower about 1.3 cm across.
Petals & Sepals
Petals 6-7mm long,
Sepals 6-7mm long.
Petals 5-6mm, Sepals the same.
Flower peduncle
About 5-6mm long
3-4 cm long and tiny
Fruits
Ellipsoid with pointed apex.
Fruit oblong to globose, long pointed
apex which 1.5cm when young.
Fruit size
Size 3-3.5cm x 2cm. Ellipsoid
3-3.5 x 2.5-3cm, Globose
Fruits pointed tip
Size 4mm
Size 1.5 cm
Seed-shell/Stone
3cm length, narrowly pointed both sides, deeply
sculpted.
1.8cm stone with deep sculpted.
Seed size
Tiny 1.8cm
Tiny 1.5cm
Trunk color
Brown with blackish upper
Rough dark-brown
Tree shoots
Young shoots grow from roots
Unknown
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A. Leaves of various sizes, fruits and stones of E. zeus MRDA and E. serratus with scale.
B. E. zeus MRDA inflorescence.
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A. Mature red leaves of E. zeus MRDA.
B. Slowing leaves (Big to small), fruits, stones and seeds with scale
Fig-2: Living tree at RDA campus, Bogura, Bangladesh.
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Common names and folklore
The word “Rudraksha” comes from Rudra (Hindu devotee) + Aksa (Sanskrit word meaning “Eye”). So the whole
meaning “Eye of Rudraksha”. For the stone of some blue fruits from Elaeocarpus species. Rudra is another
name of Shiva.
Pundra Jalpie ( 󰁪 /   )) in Bengali. “Bogura Rudaraksha” or “RDA Jalpie” in English.
Etymology
This new species named after the Greek god “Zeus”. However, the seeds were too hard to crack. So, germination
take may be 2 years. The word “Zeus” for Greek god for rare distribution habit of this new species also. “M” for
Miraz Rahman Zarif and “RDA” for Rural Development Academy, Bogura, Bangladesh.
Fig-4: Compare of two species showing fruits, stones and seeds.
Materials & Methods
This new species has been found at RDA campus, Bogura (Fig-2). Specimen examined At RDA campus, Bogura
district, Bangladesh. Location: (Fig-6) Bogura district, RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude 24.70632° or 24° 42'
23" north. Longitude 89.39486° or 89° 23' 42" east. Herbarium sheet number - ZNS 503 (AAHBAU). Images
captured by Miraz Rahman Zarif from living tree. Branches, twig, leaves, flower, fruits collected for herbarium
sheet and botanical illustration.
Habitat
At RDA Campus, Bogura. Also found in hilly areas of reserve forest. At red soil.
Key identifying keys
1. Fruits shape,
2. Fruits color,
3. Fruits pointed tip differ from E.obtusus.
4. Stone shape (Deeply sculped as Rudraksha),
5. Stone or seeds have pointed tips both sides,
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6. Leaves shape,
7. Leaves size,
8. New shoots from bottom of tree.
9. Fruits taste sweet.
10. Flowering and fruiting season.
11. Buttressed root.
Specimen examined
At RDA campus, Bogura district, Bangladesh. Location: Bogura district, RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude
24.70632° or 24° 42' 23" north. Longitude 89.39486° or 89° 23' 42" east (Fig-6). Herbarium sheet number - ZNS
503 (AAHBAU).
Distribution
The genus distributed in Bangladesh and Indo-Chinese countries. At RDA campus, Bogura district, Natore
district, hilly areas from Bangladesh. Widely the genus distributed from Madagascar in the west through India,
Southeast Asia, Malaysia, Southern China, and Japan, through Australia to New Zealand, Fiji, and Hawaii in the
east. Around 120 species of the genus, Elaeocarpus were reported from different parts of Asia. This species
found in Bogura, Natore and hilly areas (Fig-5,6).
Ethical approval
Sample collected from live tree at RDA campus, Bogura. Location: Bogura district, RDA campus, Doshmile.
Latitude 24.70632° or 24° 42' 23" north. Longitude 89.39486° or 89° 23' 42" east (Fig-2,6).
Acknowledgements
Mr. Miraz made herbarium sheet. Botanical Illustration also done by him. His photographs added in this article.
Thanks to Dr. AKM Zakaria, Firoz Hossain to make RDA campus green with planted many wild species. This’s
why RDA campus known as “Green RDA”. Mentioning Khalid Aurangozeb & Rebeka Sultana for their
contribution. Thanks to Sir Dr. Md. Ashrafuzzaman & Mohammad Salah Uddin, how to write a new species
paper.
Special thanks to Rawshan Ara from Dhaka, proving that the Rudraksha tree is present in Bangladesh.
Conclusion
After all these discussions, Analysis, Compare, Botanical Illustration – it is clear that Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA
is different from all known species in the world (Fig-4,5). Although it is compared with Elaeocarpus obtusus
Blume. But leaves similar only, fruits pointed but round. Another species Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume
ornamental and original Rudraksha but our species’ fruits not round nor blue in color. Elaeocarpus polydactylus
fruits blue, E. zeus MRDA fruits are dark green. It tastes sweet, not sour at all. Seeds also different from another
species present in Bangladesh. So, our Elaeocarpus zeus MRDA species is a new species from Bangladesh.
1. Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin, A new species from Bangladesh
Abstract
Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin, was described and illustrated as a new species from
the district of Bogura, Latitude: 24.843559, Longitude: 89.370108, Bangladesh from Amaryllidaceae family.
Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil. First published in Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 134. 1805 [Feb-Apr 1805] (1805). Zephyranthes
Herb. First published in Appendix: 36 (1821), nom. cons. Zephyranthes carinata Herb. First published in Bot.
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Mag. 52: t. 2594 (1825). Zephyranthes minuta (Kunth) D.Dietr. First published in Syn. Plant. 2: 1176 (1840).
Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. Amaryllidaceae first published in Bot. Reg. 10: t. 821 (1824). The family, which was
originally created in 1805, now contains about 1600 species, divided into 71 genera, 17 tribes and three
subfamilies. their common name refers to their habit of blooming soon after a heavy rainfall. However, cultivated
specimens of Z. carinata can be induced to flower all throughout the year by maintaining humidity. Zephyranthes
rosea (like other rain lilies) are so named because they produce short-lived flowers only after seasonal heavy
rains or storms. Zephyranthes minuta is a plant species very often referred to as Zephyranthes grandiflora,
including in Flora of North America. Zephyranthes minuta is native to Mexico and Guatemala but widely
cultivated as an ornamental and reportedly naturalized in Hawaii, the Andaman Islands, the islands of the
Southwestern Caribbean. Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin (Fig-1) native to Bangladesh.
Keywords: Amaryllidaceae, Zephyranthes, New species, Bangladesh.
Description
Height 32 cm. Bulb diameter 1.5 cm across. Leaves size 25cm long & 5mm wide. Leaves color dark green.
Leaves texture plain, smooth & thick. Leaves base white (2cm more). Inflorescence stalks/Scapes long 29-30
cm. Light green in color. Whitish base 7/8 cm. Flower size 4 cm long and 4.5 cm across. Flower shape funnel.
Flower color pink with light magenta. Flower stalk 7.5cm. Petals number 6/7/8 and lobes in some petals also.
Which indicates more petals number in future. Spathe/Bract 2-2.5 cm and greenish-brown color. Perianth tube
1cm. Perianth color white-green. Stamens number 6 /7/8 according to petals number. Stamen size 14mm.
Anther size 5mm. Filament 1.3 cm. Style 4.3 cm (Pink + white + green). Stigma 3/4 divided parts Full pink
color stigma. Lobes size 3,4 parts. Ovary 4-locules. Capsule/seeds 8mm/0.8cm size and number 1,4,6. Seeds
size gram shaped and others flat. Seed germination……. Flowering time June-July
Native to Bangladesh. Common name ‘Eight stamens Rain lily’. Bengali name   .
Methods
Description of this species Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin is based on living plant. All
the Images captured from living species. Bulb, flower, leaves and other parts collected from living plant. And
also compare with another species like Z.carinata, Z. minuta and Z.rosea. Also, from Scientific Illustration from
net and research articles. Color Illustration painted by Miraz Rahman Zarif on the base of photos captured in
RDA campus in Bogura district. Measurement showing in images with scales. That’s also help to complete the
full description. Mr. Miraz collected all the herbarium sheet elements. Mr. Miraz also collected most of
photographs from living plant t at RDA campus, Bogura (Fig-map of Bogura, Bangladesh).
Taxonomic treatment:
Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin sp. nov. p-18 Figs.1,2 & map
TYPE: Bangladesh, Bogura district, RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude. Fig-3: Map & Location: Bogura district,
RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude 24.70632° or 24° 42' 23" north. Longitude 89.39486° or 89° 23' 42" east.
(Fig-3)
Diagnosis: Morphologically Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin compare with Z. carinata,
Z. minuta and Z. rosea.
Taxonomic tree:
Kingdom:
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Genus: Zephyranthes
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Species: Z. octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin
Binomial name: Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin
Etymology
The genus name Zephyranthes, commonly known as rain lilies, literally translates to "flowers of the west wind"
from Greek words "zephyros" (God of the west wind) and "anthos" (flower). This name is a reference to the west
wind, Zephyrus, who was associated with rainfall in Greek mythology, and the plant's tendency to bloom after
rain showers. Minuta meaning plant with a short life cycle. The species name, "carinata," means "keeled" or
"ridged," possibly referring to the prominent veins on the petals. The species epithet "rosea" is Latin for "rosy,"
referring to the pink color of the flowers. The new species name ‘Octo’ meaning eight and ‘Threada’ meaning
‘thread like’ which indicates the stamen number. B. Uddin - Prof. Dr. Shaikh Bokhtear Uddin. S. Uddin –
Mohammad Salah Uddin and Z. Nasrin – Zinia Nasrin Shumon (The author).
Images
A. Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S. Uddin & Z. Nasrin full plant and 2-3-4 leaves and bulbs size.
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B. Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S. Uddin & Z. Nasrin flowers with 8 petals, 8 stamens and 4-lobed
stigma.
C. Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S. Uddin & Z. Nasrin habitat at RDA Campus, Bogura, Bangladesh.
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D. Flower, Petal, Spathe, Ovary size with scales.
E. Flowers, leaves, seed-pods, spathe long and wide sizes with scales.
F. Seed-pods, seeds size and shape in scales.
G. Leaves color white-light green and green portion.
H. Stigma (Thread like) 3mm and color full pink. Style pink +Whitish pink+ greenish pink. Ovary 4
chambered of Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin.
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I. Petals color, size and shape of Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin.
J. 8 stamens, 8 anthers, 8 filaments, 4 lobed stigmas, ovary, style with size in scales.
K. Bud of Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin in scale. While height 32 cm.
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L. Bulb shape, size and diameter. Flower and spathe size.
Flower color light pink, 6 variable size filaments, white stigma with blunt shape and height 4-6 inches of
Zephyranthes rosea. Clearly showing in morphology.
M. Z.minuta with flowers, flower color, leaves, and seeds shape and size with coin.
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N. Z. carinata seed-pods, seeds shape, spathe.
O. Compare between Z. carinata & Z. rosea in morphology.
P. Details of Z. carinata or grandiflora (Big size flower of all species).
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Q. Details of Z. rosea.
R. Compare of 4 species with seed-pods & seeds shape, color and size.
S. Compare of 4 species flowers with color, shape, stamens, stigma.
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T. Square shape of flower, leaves, seed-pods, seeds, full plant, ovary-cut, stigma, spathe with scales.
U. 4 parts of seed-pods, average seeds number 2 of Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin.
Specimen examined
At RDA campus, Bogura district. Natore district and all over Bangladesh, Zinia Nasrin Shumon, Herbarium
sheet number - ZNS 514 (AAHBAU).
Figure-2: Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin compare with Z. carinata, Z. minuta and Z.
rosea.
Subject
Z.octothreada
Z.rosea
Z.minuta
Height
32 cm
15-20 cm
15 to 30 cm tall.
Bulb (Dia)
1.5 cm across
Ovoid (1.5-2.5)
Small and globose,
located just below
the soil surface.
Leaves size
25cm long & 5mm
wide
15-20cm, wide 3 to 5-
7 mm wide.
10-30 cm long.
narrow and strap-
like. leaves up to 7
mm wide.
L. color
Dark green
Dull green
Green
L. texture
Plain, smooth &
thick
Hollow, striped & thin
Slightly glossy or
shiny surface
L. base
White (2cm more)
Reddish
Reddish
Inflorescence
stalks/Scapes long
29-30 cm
7/8 cm white color
Inflorescence a
solitary flower borne
atop a leafless scape
up to 20-12 cm long.
25-30 cm
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Flower size
4 cm long and 4.5 cm
across (dia)
around 2.5 cm in
diameter and 3 to 3.5
cm in length
10 cm across, up to
5.6- 9 cm long.
Flower shape
Funnel
Funnel-shaped,
V. color
Pink with light
magenta
Bright pink, Light
pink
Pink with a small
white throat.
F. stalk
7.5cm
3cm with a split lip
Flower-stalks are
1.3-3.8 cm
Petals & Lobes
6/7/8 and lobes in
some petals
6, (2.7-2.5 cm) 6
subequal oblanceolate
tetals 3–4.5 cm long
fused at the base,
borne on a pedicel
2.5–4 cm long
6 lobes. These lobes
are oblong,
Spathe/Bract
2-2.5 cm (Greenish-
brown)
2 to 2.8 cm long,
slightly divided at the
tip,
Spathe is 3-4 cm
Perianth tube
1cm
0.2-0.4cm perianth
tube whitish at the
base,
1.8-2.3 cm,
increasing in
diameter, about 1/4
(1/5-1/3) perianth
length,
P. color
White-green
Green
flower-tube green,
Stamens number
6/7/8
6, alternating long and
short, inserted at the
top or in tube of the
perianth.
6
S. size
14mm
2.1-1.5cm
1.3-2.2 cm
Anther size
5mm
3-6 mm.
1.3 to 2.2 cm
Filament
1.3 cm
1.7-1cm
Thread like 2-3 cm.
Style
4.3 cm
(Pink+white+green)
Style is 1.8–2.7 cm,
longer than perianth
tube.
Style is longer than
perianth tube
Stigma
3/4 divided parts Full
pink color.
Lobes size 3mm
(thread like)
1–5 mm beyond
anthers. shallowly 3-
lobed stigma.
stigma 3-fid,
protruding more
than 2 mm beyond
anthers.
S. lobes
4 parts
3 parts
3
Ovary
4-locules
3 locules, Ovary
inferior,
Trilocular:
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Capsule
8mm/0.8cm
Fruit a sub globose
capsule ca. 1.2 cm in
diameter.
The capsule is
described as stubby,
with its width
roughly equal to its
length.
Seeds & Color
1,2,4 (Dark brown)
10-25 seeds Shiny,
black, and flattened
Shiny black and
flattened.
Seeds size
Gram shaped and
round also.
1-2-4 seeds
Shiny black and
flattened. D-shaped.
Typically small,
black, and flat, with
a rounded or
slightly irregular
shape.
Seed germination
Fruiting in August
Flowering time
June-July
March-July. Late
summer and early fall
April-July.
Native
Bangladesh
Peru and Colombia
Mexico and
Guatemala
Common name
Eight stamens Rain
lily
Rosy Rain Lily
Large Anther Rain
Lily
Bengali name
  
  
  

Common name and Bengali name
Common name Eight stamens Rain lily.
Bengali name   
Habitat
In wild besides vegetable garden lawn and playground at RDA Campus, Bogura. Also identified wrongly all
over Bangladesh.
Identification keys
1. 8 petals,
2. 8 stamens (Octo),
3. Same size filament,
4. Same size anthers,
5. 4 – locules ovary,
6. 4-3 parts seed-pods,
7. Average 1-2 seeds.
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8. Seeds shape round and gram-shaped. Not like D-shaped and thin papery.
9. 4 mm thread like stigma (Threada),
10. 4 lobed stigmas,
11. 3-4-5 leaves only with bulb. (Not 6 and more like Z.rosea).
12. Leaves are straight, not like grounded like Z. rosea.
13. Whitish and light green leaves base.
14. Flowering time.
15. Fruiting time.
16. Tetramerous habit with 8 petals, 8 stamens, 4 lobed stigma, 4-parts seed-pods and 2 seeds.
Distribution
The genus Zephyranthes, one of the largest genera in the family Amaryllidaceae, is widely native to the
Americas, specifically tropical and subtropical regions. They are widely cultivated and naturalized in various
parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and Australia. Now Bangladesh also.
Conclusion
After all the discussion, it is sure that Zephyranthes octothreada B.Uddin, S.Uddin & Z.Nasrin is new to taxon.
We illustrated and described a new species of Zephyranthes genus, Family – Amaryllidaceae, in Bogura district,
Bangladesh. There’re showing differences with Z. carinata, Z. minuta and Z. rosea (Fig-2). Prepared 16
identification keys also for proper description and identification.
2. Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia, A new species from Bangladesh.
Abstract
Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia was described and illustrated as a new species from the district of Bogura,
Latitude: 24.843559, Longitude: 89.370108, Bangladesh from Asreraceae. First published in Prir. Rostlin 254.
1820 [Jan-Apr 1820] (1820) nom. cons. family. Hind, D. J. N. (2007). Asteraceae (Compositae). In: V. H.
Heywood, R. K. Brummitt, A. Culham & O. Seberg (eds), Flowering Plant Families of the World, pp. 46–52.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Artemisia L. First published in Sp. Pl.: 845 (1753). K. Bremer, Asteraceae Clad.
& Class.: 458 (1994). Asteraceae is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species
in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Artemisia comprises hardy herbaceous plants and shrubs, which
are known for the powerful chemical constituents in their essential oils. Artemisia species grow in temperate
climates of both hemispheres, usually in dry or semiarid habitats. Notable species include A. vulgaris (common
mugwort), First published in Sp. Pl.: 848 (1753), Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research &
Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust. There is another species found in Bangladesh may be Artemisia
vulgaris, but have not proven yet in a scientific way. May be that species also Artemisia kholabaria Zabber &
Zinia. There is a big difference with Artemisia vulgaris also (Fig-2). Also, with the Botanical illustration of A.
kholabaria Zabber & Zinia also (Fig-1). Describe these in A-P images of 3 species. Compare with Artemisia
absinthium (First published in Sp. Pl.: 848 (1753), Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Flora of
North America North of Mexico 19(1): 1-579. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, also for few
similarities.
Keywords: Asteraceae, Artemisia, New species, Bangladesh.
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Methods
Description of this species is based on living plant. All the Images captured from living species. Twigs and
leaves collected from living plant. And also compare with another species that from abroad. Also, from Scientific
Illustration from net. Color Illustration painted by Miraz Rahman Zarif on the base of photos captured in RDA
campus in Bogura district. Measurement showing in images with scales. That’s also help to complete the full
description. Mr. Miraz collected all the herbarium sheet elements. Twigs, Leaves. Mr. Miraz also collected most
of photographs from living plant t at RDA campus, Bogura (Fig-3).
Taxonomic treatment:
Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia sp. nov. p-15 Figs.1,2,3
TYPE: Bangladesh, Bogura district, RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude. Fig-3: Map & Location: Bogura district,
RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude 24.70632° or 24° 42' 23" north. Longitude 89.39486° or 89° 23' 42" east.
(Fig-3)
Diagnosis: Morphologically Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia compare with Artemisia vulgaris and
Artemisia absinthium species.
Taxonomic tree:
Kingdom:
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Artemisia
Species: A. kholabaria Zabber & Zinia
Binomial name
Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia.
Images (Fig-1)
A. Inflorescence, Flowers, Florets, Stigma, Stamen, Seed, Female floret, Leaves, Pink vein stalk, Stipules,
Bract.
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B. Inflorescence, Pollens, Florets, B-sexual florets with scale.
C. Leaves shape and size with scale. Leaves texture, pointed tips. Stipules.
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D. Stem-cut, Cross-section, Spongy core.
E. Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia stem texture, color, spongy core, cross section.
F. Flower, florets, female organ, male organ, stamens, female florets, bract, seeds.
G. Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia compare with Artemisia absithium.
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H. Botanical illustration of Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia compare with Artemisia absithium and
Artemisia vulgaris.
I. Compare of Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia compare with Artemisia absithium and Artemisia vulgaris
florets, seeds…. etc.
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J. A twig of Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia
K. Purplish stem of Artemisia vulgaris.
L. Compare of Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia compare with Artemisia vulgaris leaves, shape.
M. A twig or branches of Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia with inflorescence in scale.
N. Natural habitat at RDA Campus, Bogura, Bangladesh.
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O. Details of Artemisia vulgaris. Inflorescence, Leaves, Floret, Seeds.
P. Woody lower stem, new shoots (Vegetative propagation) with scale.
Description
A perennial, large, basally suffruticose shrub, erect aromatic herb, up to 1.3 m high and 1.5m broad with a woody
root. Leaves pinnatifid, deeply lobed, glabrous and dark green above, whitish tomentose below. Young shoots
whitish-green with petioles. Tall stems from the upright, 1 cm thick rootstock. Leaves are 28-20 cm. Leaves
petiolate 2-4.5cm. Primary segments with acute lobes. Pointed lobes with 1mm. Leaves densely whitish
arachnoid hairy beneath, green and sparsely hairy to glabrous above. Stipules number-2. Always present in both
young and old leaves, size 5mm. Capitula disciform, many together in terminal panicle. Broadly pyramidate
panicle with 30-40 cm long, ray florets female, filiform. Disc florets cylindric, yellow color. Few florets with
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reddish tinged. Capitula erect to nodding, primary and secondary branches. Flower head 4-5mm, oblong. Florets
10-12, yellow with reddish tinge; marginal florets 5, female, fertile, with 2mm x 0.5mm, corolla tube. Disc florets
5, bisexual, fertile, with 2.5mm x 1.5mm, narrowly tubular-campanulate 5-toothed corolla. Yellow and lower
part green. Cypsela light brown, c. 1 mm long, finely striate. Old stem erects, light brown color, woody.
Propagate with cutting stem, a vegetative way. Inflorescence and seeds not available all time.
Native of Eurasia. Flowering time - February-March.
Specimen examined
At RDA campus, Bogura district. Natore district and all over Bangladesh, Zinia Nasrin Shumon, Herbarium
sheet number - ZNS 510 (AAHBAU)
Fig -2: Compare Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia with Artemisia vulgaris and Artemisia absithium.
Species
A.kholabaria Zabber &
Zinia
A.vulgaris
A.absinthium
Height
1.3 m
1.5 to 2.5 m
1.1-1.5m
Stem color
Whitish-green
Purplish-brown
Gray-green
Stem dia.
1 cm
1 cm
5cm
Stem pith/core
4 mm in mature & 3.4 mm in
old woody
-
The pith is the soft, central
tissue of the stem, which is
lignified
Stem rib
No rib only design like
ribbed.
Ribbed
Ribbed
Leaves size
28-20 cm
3–10 × 1.8–8 cm
2.5 to 12.7 cm
Petiole size
2-4 cm
1.5-1.9 cm
2.5–5 cm long
Leaf blade edges
Pointed with 1 mm
Toothed and pointed
These lobes often have
entire (smooth) margins.
Stipule size
5mm
2 cm
Stipules are small.
Stipule number
2
2
They lack the presence of
stipules.
Rootstock dia.
1 cm
Few millimeters to larger
than 1 cm.
5 cm
Inflorescence size
30-40cm
Panicle-like, arranged in a
branched structure.
The entire panicle can be
10-23 cm by 10- 13 cm.
Flower head size
4-5mm, oblong
Globular and 1-2 cm in
diameter.
Depressed globose, 2.5-
3.5 x 3-5 mm
Bisexual florets number
& size
5 with 2.5mm x 1.5mm
(5-)8 to 20 and size
1.5 and 3 mm.
30–50 and 1–2 mm,
glandular.
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Ray florets number &
size
3-4 with 2mm x 0.5mm
5-10 and size 1.75-2 mm
long and are bidentate
(two-toothed)
8 to 10, and their corollas
are 1-2 mm in length.
Floret color
Yellow-green, red tinged
Yellow with a reddish
tinge.
Greenish-yellow.
Bract color
White as glass with dark
green stripe in middle.
Light green
Whitish green
Achene size
1mm, strait shape.
Small, ovoid achenes with
curved. The achene has
ridges, a narrow base, and
tiny bristles on the end.
1mm. They are oblong-
cuneate in shape.
Achene color
Light brown/Whitish
Brown
Greyish in color
Flowering time
February-March
July to September.
July to September.
Bengali name
 / 

/
Etymology
Old English Artemesia, via Latin from Greek, ‘wormwood’, named after the goddess Artemis, so called from
the association of Artemis with childbirth and the gynaecological use of the plant. ‘Kholabaria’ is a place called
medicinal village at Natore district. They cultivated medicinal plants as other crop plants on the other parts of
Bangladesh. Zabber is my father’s name and Zinia for Zinia Nasrin Shumon (Author).
Common name and Bengali name
Zabber’s artemisia. Zinia’s Artemisia common name. Bengali name -  / 
Medicinal uses
Artemisia is one of the diverse genera with many important medicinally valuable essential oils and secondary
metabolites. Essential oils of Artemisia spp. have been widely used for a variety of medicinal purposes for many
years. Different species of Artemisia have been used to treat fever and malaria, anthelmintic stomachache, high
blood pressure, and diabetes, diarrhea, cough, and common cold . A decoction of the leaves and flowering tops
is used to treat measles in children. In Bangladesh, this new species used by village doctor (Kaviraj’s) to treat
pregnant mother to reduce labor pain. One of the Kariraj named Afaz Uddin told me that he gave many pregnant
women this plant leaves for reduce their labor pain. It’s also called ‘worm-plant’ for killing worm and
mosquitoes.
Habitat
In wild besides vegetable garden, in all village kaviraj’s garden at Natore and Rajshahi district in Bangladesh.
Key identifying characters
1. Stem color - Whitish-green
2. Stem rib - No rib only design like ribbed.
3. Leaves size (28-20 cm).
4. Stipule size - 5mm
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5. Inflorescence size.
6. Flower head size, 4-5mm, oblong
7. Bisexual florets number & size, 5 with 2.5mm x 1.5mm
8. Bract color. White as glass with dark green stripe in middle.
9. Achene size -1mm, strait shape.
10. Flowering time - February-March
Distribution
The genus Artemisia, one of the largest genera in the family Asteraceae, is widely distributed in Asia, western
North America, and Europe. Now Bangladesh also.
Conclusion
After all the discussion, it is sure that Artemisia kholabaria Zabber & Zinia is new to taxon. We illustrated and
described a new species of Artemisia genus, Family – Asteraceae, in Bogura district, Bangladesh. There’re
showing differences with A. vulgaris and A. absinthium. Prepared 10 identification keys also for proper
description and identification.
3. Alpinia rda Zinia & F.H.Khan, A new species from Bangladesh.
Abstract
Alpinia rda Zinia & F.H.Khan is described and illustrated as a new species from the district of Bogura,
Bangladesh Zingiberaceae family contains First published in Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 682. 1820 [3 Aug 1820] (as
"Zinziberaceae") (1820) nom. cons. Alpinia Roxb. First published in Asiat. Res. 11: 350 (1810), nom. cons.
Alpinia mutica Roxb. First published in Asiat. Res. 11: 354 (1810). Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams,
C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of
Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431. Alpinia
malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe First published in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 345 (1807). Govaerts, R. (1995).
World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 1-529. MIM, Deurne. Alpinia nutans (L.) Roscoe. First published
in J.E.Smith, Exot. Bot. 2: 93 (1806). Larsen, K. (1996). A prelimanary checklist of the Zingiberaceae of
Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 24: 35-49. Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. First
published in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31: 204 (1972). Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005).
Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States
National Herbarium 52: 1-415.
Keywords: Zingiberaceae, New species, Bangladesh.
Description
Alpinia rda Zinia & F.H.Khan is a robust herb that can grow measures up to 1.2-2.4 m tall and with strong
aromatic when bruised. The leaves are narrowly lance-shaped, measuring 41(-30) cm x 8(-5) cm, acuminate, no
hairs in margin or underneath nor midrib or a very short few. The ligule is two lobes, up to 1-1.1 cm long, few
hairies and with 3-6 cm long petiole.
The inflorescence is racemose, upright, measures about 20-35 cm long, with 10-20 or more cincinni and absent
bracts are on a 0.5 cm long peduncle. There are elliptic bracteoles around 3 cm long under each flower. The
pedicel is 0.5-1.5 cm long. The calyx is 3.8 cm long, shortly 3-lobed. It is white. The petal is white. The tube is
measuring up to 1 cm long and ciliate lobes. The lateral lobes are 3 cm x 1 cm while the dorsal lobe measures
up to 2.6 cm x 1.3 cm. The labellum is broadly ovate, 3-5 cm long and at the widest part is 3 cm across, incurved
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sides, narrow to emarginate apex where at the base is with 2 papillose fleshy swellings that is yellow-orange
with scarlet lines. The lateral staminodes are subulate and measuring up to 3.2cm long. The filament of stamen
measures about 1.5 cm long. The anther connective is not prolonged into a crest.
The light brown capsule is globose, up to 2.5 cm in diameter and shortly pubescent.
The seed is 3-4 angular and about 7 mm long. 40-45 seeds.
Taxonomic treatment
Alpinia rda Zinia & F.H.Khan nov. p- 9, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE: Bangladesh, Bogura district, RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude. Fig-3: Map & Location: Bogura district,
RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude 24.70632° or 24° 42' 23" north. Longitude 89.39486° or 89° 23' 42" east.
Taxonomic tree
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Subfamily: Alpinioideae
Tribe: Alpinieae
Genus: Alpinia Roxb., 1810
Species
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Alpinia rda Zinia & F.H.Khan
A. Botanical illustration,
Images
B. Inflorescence,
C. Upright position showing,
D. Details with fruits, flower, petals, seeds, leaves, etc.
E. Mature fruits, Dry fruits, Seeds, Buds, Sepal, Calyx.
F. Showing big petal (Upper) size, Seeds’ size, Calyx, Sepal, Ovary, Labellum, Stamen, Filament, Style, Stigma,
Ovary and ovules in scales.
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G. Leaf-tip, Ligule, Ovary-cut, Single flower, Ovary & ovules, Funnel shaped stigma.
H. Labellum design which differs in each Alpinia species. Upper white petal is the main characteristics of Alpinia
rda Zinia & F.H.Khan.
J. Details of Alpinia Zerumbet, Flower design, Upper petal with pink-tip, Ribbed fruits, round seeds with scale.
Hanging inflorescence.
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K. Alpinia nutans labellum design and fruits pattern.
L. Alpinia malaccensis labellum, Inflorescence, Red fruits pattern. Big leaves.
M. Alpinia zerumbet height showing 15ft. Alpinia zerumbet biggest inflorescence-1-2 ft, hanging.
N. 5 different fruits of Alpinia species.
O. Alpinia mutica inflorescence, single flower, red-orange fruits. sepals, petals, upper creamy-spotted upper
petal.
Key identifying characters
1. The labellum design is different with all listed species.
2. Fruits color brown,
3. an angled seeds are dark brown,
4. The seeds shapes are different also.
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Specimen examined
At RDA campus and All over Bangladesh, Zinia Nasrin Shumon, Herbarium sheet number - ZNS 508
(AAHBAU)
Fig-2
Species
Flower (Petal)
Fruits
Seeds
Leaves-Stem
Height
Alpinia rda
Zinia &
F.H.Khan
White upper
petal
Broun color
(2cm)
Angled, long
shape,
(Blackish-
brown) -4mm
Pointed Tip, Green &
brown stem, (43cm-9cm)
1.5-2m
Alpinia
zerumbet
Pink color on
upper petal
Orange-red
(Ribbed) 1.5 - 3
cm, 3 - 7 cm.
Round shape
(Ashy-brown)) -
2mm
Red stem & Inflorescence
stem. 30 to 70 centimeters
long and 5 to 14
centimeters wide.
3.5-4.2 m
Alpinia
malaccensis
White color
upper petal
Red-round fruits,
about 2.5 cm in
diameter.
Relatively
small-triangular
shape.
Huge leaves that can
reach 90 cm long and 15
cm wide.
3 m tall
Alpinia mutica
Upper petal
white
2.2 cm long and 2
cm in diameter
(Green to orange
or red)
6-7 mm long.
Color: Black.
They can reach 40-60 cm
in length and 10-13 cm in
width.
1.5-2
meters
Alpinia nutans
Upper petal
white
Around 3 cm wide.
These fruits are
initially green and
mature to orange
or red
Black, angled
seeds, about 6-7
mm long.
Inflorescence stem
yellow-green. It has
glossy green leaves that
release a spicy,
cardamom-like fragrance
when crushed.
1 to 1.5m
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Mr. Ferdous Hossain Khan for his contribution. Thanks to Mosharef Bhuiyan, Madhobi Lata, and
Foyzullah-al-Noman for their images.
AKM Zakaria, Firoz Hossain to make RDA campus green with planted many wild species. This’s why RDA
campus known as “Green RDA”.
Common name & Meaning
Common name of this new species “Alpinia rda Zinia & F.H.Khan”, rda=Rural Development Academy,
Bogura. Zinia for the Author. F.H.Khan = Ferdous Hossain Khan. Common name “RDA Galangal” in English
and “ ”
Conclusion
After all the discussion, it is sure that Alpinia rda Zinia & F.H.Khan is new to taxon. We illustrated and described
a new species of Alpinia genus, Family - Zingiberaceae in Bogura district, Bangladesh. There’re showing
differences with 4 Alpinia species.
Fig-3
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4. Helianthus bangladeshinensis Zinia, A new species from Bangladesh.
Abstract
Helianthus bangladeshinensis Zinia from Asteraceae family was described and illustrated as a new species from
the district of Bogura, Latitude: 24.843559, Longitude: 89.370108, Bangladesh. First published in Prir. Rostlin
254. 1820 [Jan-Apr 1820] (1820) nom. cons. family. Hind, D. J. N. (2007). Asteraceae (Compositae). In: V. H.
Heywood, R. K. Brummitt, A. Culham & O. Seberg (eds), Flowering Plant Families of the World, pp. 46–52.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. First published in Sp. Pl.: 845 (1753). K. Bremer, Asteraceae Clad. & Class.: 458
(1994). Asteraceae is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900
genera within the order Asterales. Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl. First published in Prir. Rostlin 254. 1820 [Jan-
Apr 1820] (1820) nom. cons. Helianthus L. First published in Sp. Pl.: 904 (1753). Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018).
Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. Helianthus debilis Nutt. First
published in Trans.
Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 7: 367 (1841). Helianthus debilis subsp. cucumerifolius (Torr. & A.Gray) Heiser. First
published in Madroño 13: 160 (1956). Helianthus debilis subsp. cucumerifolius, or cucumberleaf dune
sunflower, is a subspecies of the species Helianthus debilis in the genus Helianthus, family Asteraceae. It is
native to the South-Central regions of the United States and exists naturalized in every continent except
Antarctica.
Description
Stem 2.5 ft/75cm. Stem branches. Straight, 1cm across, whitish color with warts. Stem look no branch, single,
straight. Leaves size. Long 15cm & wide 3cm. The leaves are lance-shaped. Simple and less leaves, not like
others. Shallowly lance shape & needle point tip. Petiole 7cm. Flowers 5.5 cm across. Heads one only. Petals
size 3.5cm & wide 5mm. Petals number 20 -22. The disk florets are relatively small, measuring around 2.5 mm
across. These florets are bisexual and radially symmetrical. They feature a 5-lobed corolla, roughly 5.5 mm long,
with a cylindric tube and darker lobes. The disc florets also include stamens, a style, and an ovary, all contributing
to their reproductive function. Ray flower deep yellow & disc floret with orange-red color. Ray-floret 30mm &
8mm wide. Disc florets 25mm & wide 4mm. Bracts 1.2-1.5 cm, needle point. No axis buds. Seeds size 1 cm
long.
Season – February-March, flowering season. Fruiting – April.
Specimen examined
At RDA campus, Bogura district, Natore district and all over Bangladesh. Zinia Nasrin Shumon, Herbarium
sheet number – ZNS 514 (AAHBAU).
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Keywords: Asteraceae, Helianthus, New species, Bangladesh.
Taxonomic treatment
Helianthus bangladeshinensis Zinia nov. p-14, Figs. 1, 2 & Map of Bogura district, Bangladesh.
TYPE: Bangladesh, Bogura district, RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude. Fig-3: Map & Location: Bogura district,
RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude 24.70632° or 24° 42' 23" north. Longitude 89.39486° or 89° 23' 42" east.
Taxonomic tree
Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae Genus: Helianthus.
Species: H. bangladeshinensis Zinia.
Binomial name - Helianthus bangladeshinensis Zinia.
Figure-1,2 (Botanical illustrations)
Images
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A. Helianthus bangladeshinensis Zinia flowers and morphology.
B. Herbarium sheet of new species.
C. Disc florets shape and color.
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D. A twig with flower heads with scale.
E. Flower heads, leaf, petiole, ray- petals showing with scale.
F. Close view of flower head with disc and ray florets.
G. Bracts with pointed tips, white hair all over bracts, white dotted warts.
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H. Lance shaped leaves with long pointed tips and long thin petiole.
I. Disc florets and seed with scale.
J. Seeds shape and size of Helianthus bangladeshinensis Zinia.
Helianthus debilis subsp debilis Botanical illustration
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K. Helianthus debilis subsp cucumerifolius Botanical illustration.
L. Compare with 4 species flower heads and petals. Differs one to another in shape, size and color.
M. Compare with 4 species leaves shape & color, female organ, male organ, stigma shape and size, stamens
shape and size, disc florets shape and color...etc.
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N. Compare with 4 species bracts. Showing differences in color, size and shape.
O. Showing differences in 4 species seeds color, size and shapes.
P. A twig with flowers, white hairy branch, petals and leaf with scale.
Fig-3: Table – H. bangladeshinensis Zinia compare with H. debilis, H. cucurmerifolius and H. annuus.
Subject
Helianthus debilis
Helianthus
cucumerifolius
Helianthus
bangladeshiensis
Zinia
Helianthus annuus
Plant size
Can grow up to 3-4 ft
tall.
2 to 4 ft high and
equivalently wide.
2.5 ft/75cm
2 and 10 feet (0.6 to 3
meters) tall
Stem
Decumbent, glabrous
or puberulent.
Erect, hispid. (Dark
chocolate color with
small white dots.
Straight, 1cm
across, whitish
color with warts
Sunflower stems can
grow from 1 to 4.5
meters tall and up to
5 cm in diameter.
Stem branches
Many branches that are
decumbent (lying
along the ground) or
horizontal.
Densely branched
No branch, Single
Typically erect and
can be branched or
unbranched.
Stem look
Erect
Erect
Straight
Erect
Petiole
3cm (Big leaf)
6.5 cm
7cm
20 to 200 mm (0.8 to
7.9 inches
Leaves size
3–10 cm 2.5 to 14 cm
long and 1.8 to 13 cm
wide.
Blades 4–9 cm, Wide
same as long.
2.5–14 cm long and 1.8–
13 cm wide.
Long 15cm & wide
3cm.
10-40 cm long and 5-
35 cm wide
Leaves
Typically, deltoid-
ovate, lance-ovate, or
Typically alternate,
triangular to heart-
The leaves are
lance-shaped.
Arranged alternately
on the stem. They are
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description
ovate, meaning they
can be triangular-egg-
shaped, lance- shaped-
egg- shaped, or egg-
shaped.
shaped, and have
toothed (serrate)
margins. The leaves can
be lance-shaped to ovate
(egg-shaped) and are 3-
veined from the base.
Simple and less
leaves, not like
others.
ovate to triangular in
shape and have
serrated edges.
The leaves are also
described as rough-
hairy.
Leaves base &
Tip
The leaf bases can be
heart-shaped.
Triangular to heart-
shaped.
Shallowly lance
shape & needle
point tip
The leaf base is often
cordate (heart-
shaped) or truncate
(abruptly ending).
The tip of the leaf is
usually acuminate
(tapering to a long
point.
Gland
Dotted
Sometimes gland-
dotted.
-
Glandular hairs.
Flowers
3 inches (7 cm) across.
2 to 4 inches (5-10 cm)
wide.
2-3 cm
5.5 cm across
Flower head can
range from 7.5 to 15
cm 3-6 inches
Heads
2-3
1-3
One large flower
head at the end of its
stem, though some
wild varieties can
have multiple flower
heads.
Petals size
1.2-2cm
1.5-3cm (Pointed petals)
1.5 to 4 cm long
Petals number
11-20
13-21
7 - 20 petals/rays
Ray & Disc
corolla color
Yellow, though some
cultivars may have
white, reddish, or
orange rays.
Yellow, while the disc
florets (center of the
flower head) can be
reddish, yellowish, or
purplish.
Typically yellow, but
can also be red or
orange in some
cultivars.
Ray floret size
12-20 mm long.
15–30 mm long.
1.5 to 4 cm (0.6 to
inches) long
Disc floret size
Roughly 5.5 mm long,
with a cylindric tube
and darker lobes.
The disc diameter is
around 16–20 mm.
Corolla length of
7.45 mm and a
corolla opening of
1.27 mm
Bracts & Tip
About 1 cm
Lanceolate, meaning
they are widest above
the base and taper to a
point. The bracts are
hairy on the outer
surface with simple
Bracts are leaf- like
structures that form
the involucre,
supporting the flower
head. They are
typically ovate (egg-
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hairs. The bract tips are
acuminate,
shaped), with an
abruptly tapered,
sharp tip.
Axis buds
Have
Have
Axis buds refer to the
axillary buds located
at the nodes of the
stem,
Seeds size
2.5 to 3.2 mm long
3-3.7 mm in length and
1.1-1.9 mm in width
10-15 mm long and 4
mm wide
Identification keys
1.
Straight, 1cm across, whitish color with warts.
2.
Less leaves,
3.
One flower head,
4.
Stem straight, 1cm across, whitish color with warts,
5.
Petal’s number,
6.
Ray florets,
7.
Disc florets,
8.
Bracts needle point,
9.
No axis bud
10.
Seeds size & shape.
11.
Disc florets shape.
Etymology
Helianthus is derived from Greek ἥλιος hēlios "sun" and ἄνθος ánthos "flower", because its round flower heads
in combination with the ligules look like the Sun. bangladeshinensis for country Bangladesh. Also, Zinia for
Zinia Nasrin Shumon (Author).
Methods
Description of this species is based on living plant. All the Images captured from 2/3 tree, from the same species.
Full plants, flowers, leaves, seeds collected from living trees. And also compare with another species that seen
in Bangladesh, Helianthus debilis, Helianthus cucumerifolius and Helianthus annuus. Also, from Scientific
Illustration of those 3 species.
Color Illustration painted by Miraz Rahman Zarif on the base of living plants at the location, RDAcampus in
Bogura district. Measurement showing in images with scales. That’s also help to complete the full description.
Mr. Miraz collected all the herbarium sheet elements. Plant, leaves and seeds. Mr. Miraz also collected most of
photographs from living tree at RDA campus, Bogura. Bogura district, RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude
24.70632° or 24° 42' 23" north. Longitude 89.39486° or 89° 23' 42" east.
Common name & Bengali name
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Common name of this new species Helianthus bangladeshinensis Zinia is ‘Two inches
Sunflower’ and ‘Sunflower
of Bangladesh’.


 

 
in Bengali.
Conclusion
After all the discussion, it is sure that Helianthus bangladeshinensis Zinia is new to taxon. We illustrated and
described a new species of Helianthus genus, Family - Asteraceae in Bogura district, Bangladesh. There’re
showing differences with 3 Helianthus species. And 10 identification keys and differ from those 3 species.
Map of Bangladesh
Bogura district, RDA campus, Doshmile. Latitude 24.70632° or 24° 42' 23" north. Longitude 89.39486° or 89°
23' 42" east.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
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