INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue X October 2025
www.rsisinternational.org
Page 451
The Realities of Fertilizer Subsidy Implementation in Regency of
Cianjur’s Rice Fields
Suhano1, Hasim Ashari2
1Lecturer of Professor Dr. Moestopo (Beragama), Jakarta, Indonesia
2 Madya Staff at the Ministry of Agriculture in Jakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.1010000033
Received: 09 Sep 2025; Accepted: 15 Sep 2025; Published: 01 November 2025
The Purposes: The research explores the dynamics of implementing Indonesia's subsidized fertilizer policy in
the agricultural setting of Cianjur Regency, West Java. The study delves into the relationship between national
policy guidelines and their execution at the local level, utilizing a qualitative case study method, emphasizing
the structural and procedural obstacles encountered by primary stakeholders.
Novelty: Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, analysis of policy documents, and field
observations, which allowed for a comprehensive understanding of distribution methods, quota allocation, and
the coordination of institutions. The results indicate ongoing discrepancies between the objectives of the policy
and its practical implementation, reflecting issues such as inconsistent targeting of farmers, a lack of
transparency in the allocation process, and logistical challenges that impede prompt access to resources. The
research highlights the importance of intermediary organizations, like agricultural cooperatives and local
government units, in influencing policy results, often in contexts marked by limited resources and unclear
regulations.
Conclusion: This research adds to the discussions surrounding agricultural subsidy management and rural
growth, focusing on policy responsiveness and fairness. It calls for adjusted implementation approaches that
emphasize clear institutions, participatory processes, and flexible monitoring to improve the efficiency of input
subsidies in bolstering the resilience of smallholder farmers.
Keywords: Fertilizer, Resiliences, Cianjur, West - Java, Rice
I. INTRODUCTION
Subsidized fertilizers are utilized by the Indonesian government as a key tool to improve national food security
and boost agricultural output. In Cianjur Regency, the distribution of these fertilizers is guided by an official
order from the Head of the Department of Agriculture, Plantation, Food, and Horticulture, which establishes
the framework for annual allocations across various districts (Ashari, H., Fahmid, I. M., Ali, M. S. S., &
Useng, D. 2023). Over the last five years (2017–2021), the trends in allocation and actual distribution have
varied, highlighting the complexities of the distribution system, financial limitations, and external influences
such as climate changes and farming practices ( Khatri, P., Kumar, P., Shakya, K. S., Kirlas, M. C., & Tiwari,
K. K. 2024).
Notable imbalances between the allocated and actual amounts, especially for Urea, SP-36, and ZA fertilizers
indicate underlying issues within the supply chain and distribution processes. Factors such as delivery delays,
restricted access to retail outlets, and post-harvest payment practices have played a role in these discrepancies (
Jamil, A., Ali, et al2023), Ali, J., et al 2023).
1 Lecturer of Professor Dr. Moestopo (Beragama), Jakarta, Indonesia
2 Madya Staff at the Ministry of Agriculture in Jakarta, Indonesia
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue X October 2025
www.rsisinternational.org
Page 452
In contrast, the observed growth in NPK and organic fertilizers may suggest changing farmer preferences or
enhanced distribution effectiveness in specific regions.3
The objective of this study is to analyze the trends in allocation and actual distribution of subsidized fertilizers
in Cianjur Regency and to pinpoint the elements that lead to mismatches in distribution. By using a
longitudinal quantitative approach alongside qualitative case analyses, this research aims to develop policy
suggestions that encourage more responsive, fair, and effective management of fertilizers at the regional level.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Fertilizer subsidies have historically been a fundamental aspect of Indonesia’s agricultural policies, aimed at
improving food security, lowering production costs for farmers, and increasing rice yields. Although the policy
has good intentions, its execution at the local level, especially in rice-growing areas like Cianjur, highlights a
range of logistical, institutional, and socio-economic obstacles ( Putri, M. A., Karimi, S., Ridwan, E., &
Muharja, F. 2024).
Cianjur, situated in West Java, is a significant area for rice production in Indonesia. Research conducted in this
region indicates that while fertilizer subsidies generally have a positive impact on agricultural productivity,
their distribution often does not correspond to the actual needs of farmers. The quota system used for
allocating subsidized fertilizer frequently ignores local agronomic conditions and the variety of farm sizes,
leading to discrepancies between supply and demand.
Smallholder farmers, particularly those who are not formally affiliated with farmer groups, frequently find it
challenging to obtain subsidized fertilizer in a fair and timely manner ( Alta, A., Setiawan, I., & Fauzi, A. N.
(2021). This problem is exacerbated by ineffective oversight mechanisms. The Fertilizer and Pesticide
Supervisory Commission (KP3), charged with overseeing distribution, has faced criticism for its limited
capacity and inconsistent enforcement practices.
Data also reveals a gap between yield increases and improvements in farmer welfare. Although subsidized
fertilizer can lead to a tripling of rice production in certain instances, the accompanying increase in farmer
income is often relatively modest around 1.5 times higher. This indicates that additional structural issues, such
as fluctuating grain prices, high input costs, and constraints in market access, continue to hinder economic
benefits for farmers.
Additionally, scholars and policy experts have advocated for reforms in the governance of subsidies. Suggested
changes include digitizing distribution processes to enhance transparency, involving farmer groups in the
planning and evaluation stages, and customizing subsidy allocations to better align with local conditions.
Participatory methods are viewed as particularly effective, as they empower communities to express their
needs and monitor the implementation of the subsidies more adeptly.
The study emphasizes that while fertilizer subsidies are essential to Indonesia’s agricultural strategy, their
efficacy is significantly influenced by the quality of their implementation. In Cianjur, the actual circumstances
underscore the necessity for more inclusive, responsive, and accountable systems ones that not only provide
inputs but also promote long-term resilience and fairness in rural livelihoods.
Agricultural Conditions in Cianjur Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Cianjur Regency, situated in West Java, Indonesia, exhibits a vibrant agricultural environment shaped by
favorable geographic features and the high organic content of its soils. The region operates on a three-season
cropping schedule, which usually includes two rice-growing seasons and one for secondary crops (palawija) or
mixed cropping (rice-palawija) (Hirakawa, S., et al2024). Several important aspects characterize the
agricultural landscape in Cianjur, (Arjuwanti, N., Setiadi, H., & Rizqihandari, 2023) as We have adapted on
below aspects;
3 Hoffmann, M. P., Cock, J., Samson, M., Janetski, N., Janetski, K., Rötter, R. P., ... & Oberthür, T. (2020). Fertilizer management in
smallholder cocoa farms of Indonesia under variable climate and market prices. Agricultural Systems, 178, 102759.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue X October 2025
www.rsisinternational.org
Page 453
Dryland Farming in Cugenang District
Farming practices in Cugenang District focus on identifying spatial patterns and their connection to the
economic value of dryland agriculture. Studies in this region analyze five variables: forest cover, agricultural
land, urban development, elevation, and land economic value. These elements are utilized to evaluate the
spatial-economic interactions in dryland farming.
Rice Cultivation and the Pandanwangi Variety
Cianjur is famous for its Pandanwangi rice, a fragrant variety that possesses a unique pandan scent. This rice
can only be grown in seven subdistricts of Cianjur, under specific climatic, elevation, and soil conditions,
rendering it a geographically protected and culturally important crop.
Plantation Crops
The regency is well-known nationally for its plantation products, such as tea, coffee, cloves, and coconut. Tea
farming in Cianjur is particularly diverse and historically relevant, with its origins tracing back to the Dutch
colonial period, establishing the region as a long-standing hub of tea cultivation.
Coffee Seed Logistics
There are initiatives in motion to create a coffee seed logistics center in Cianjur, designed to restore its status
as a producer of premium coffee. This effort mirrors wider strategies aimed at improving agricultural
infrastructure and value chains.
5. Influencing Factors in Agricultural Development
The agricultural landscape in Cianjur, particularly in Cugenang District, experiences influences from a mix of
aspects, including geographic characteristics, the availability of infrastructure, demographic factors, closeness
to urban areas, accessibility, climate conditions, and natural resources ( Asmarani, S., Semedi, J. M., &
Rustanto, A. 2023 ).
The area consists of a diverse combination of forests, agricultural land, built environments, and varying
elevations, which adds to the complexity and richness of its agricultural profile.
RESEARCH METHODS
We used mixed – methods approach in analyzing the distribution and realization of subsidized fertilizers in
Cianjur Regency from 2017 to 202. The most suitable research strategy, particularly focusing on longitudinal
quantitative analysis (Audulv, Å., Hall, et al 2022).
The methodology enables researchers to observe yearly trends in the distribution of fertilizers, recognize
growth and decline patterns among various fertilizer types, and quantify the discrepancies between allocated
and actual volumes ( Potter, P.,et al. 2010).
We also utilize statistical instruments like time-series analysis and descriptive statistics to assess average
annual growth rates and distribution efficiency. To enhance this analysis, a qualitative case study is crucial for
revealing the underlying reasons for distribution inconsistencies, including issues like shipment delays,
seasonal shifts in planting due to climatic conditions, and farmer purchasing tendencies. Conducting interviews
with farmers, distributors, and agricultural officials, along with reviewing policy documents, We provided
valuable contextual information. By using a convergent parallel design to merge both data types, a more
thorough understanding of numerical trends as well as the human factors that affect them can be achieved.
Optional improvements such as geospatial mapping, policy impact assessments, and regression modeling can
further enhance the analysis and facilitate informed recommendations for better fertilizer distribution systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue X October 2025
www.rsisinternational.org
Page 454
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Cianjur Regency, situated in West Java, Indonesia, features a vibrant agricultural environment influenced by
advantageous geographic factors and the high organic matter found in its soils.
(Piatti, C., & Dwiartama, A. 2019). The region adheres to a three-season cropping schedule, which generally
includes two seasons for rice cultivation and one season dedicated to secondary crops (palawija) or mixed
farming (rice-palawija). Crop classification derived from NDVI analysis utilizing MODIS satellite data
indicates an accuracy of 80% for the first and second growing seasons (GS1 and GS2), and 70% for the third
season (GS3). It is important to acknowledge, however, that the area has faced agricultural droughts, with
Sukaresmi District registering the highest average drought severity in 2015 (Pratiwi, E. P. A., Murti, C. K. W.,
& Widiastuti, E. I. 2022, December).
Agriculture in Cianjur Regency is defined by a diverse set of features that reflect both its ecological richness
and socio-economic complexity. In Cugenang District, dryland agriculture plays a significant role, with
initiatives aimed at identifying spatial patterns and their relationship to the economic value of farming
activities (Arjuwanti, N.,Setiadi, H., & Rizqihandari, N. 2023, June).
This analysis incorporates five key variables forest cover, agricultural land, built-up areas, elevation, and land
economic value to understand the spatial-economic dynamics that shape dryland cultivation. Meanwhile,
Cianjur is widely recognized for its Pandanwangi rice, a fragrant variety distinguished by its pandan aroma.
This rice is geographically protected and can only be cultivated in seven subdistricts within the regency, under
specific climatic, altitudinal, and soil conditions, making it both culturally and agriculturally significant (
Rumadan, I., Et al 2022). Beyond rice, Cianjur is nationally prominent for its plantation crops, including tea,
coffee, cloves, and coconut. Tea cultivation, in particular,is deeply rooted in the region’s history, dating back to
the Dutch colonial era, and continues to be a central component of its agricultural identity. In recent years,
strategic efforts have been made to reestablish Cianjur’s reputation as a producer of high-quality coffee
through the development of a dedicated coffee seed logistics center. This initiative reflects broader ambitions
to strengthen agricultural infrastructure and enhance value chains across the region.
The agricultural development of Cianjur, especially in districts like Cugenang, is influenced by a complex
interplay of geographic features, infrastructure availability, demographic trends, proximity to urban centers,
accessibility, climate variability, and natural resource distribution. The landscape itself is a mosaic of forests,
cultivated lands, built environments, and varied elevations, contributing to the region’s multifaceted
agricultural profile and its potential for sustainable growth.
Table 1. The Allocation of subsidized fertilizer for Cianjur Regency
(2017- 2021)
Yea
rs
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Development
Alloc
ation
Realiza
tion
Alloc
ation
Realiz
ation
Alloc
ation
Realiz
ation
Alloc
ation
Realiz
ation
Alloc
ation
Realiz
ationi
Alloc
ation
Realiz
ationi
UR
EA
35.96
6
35.9
65
36.24 7 33.88
9
36.29 8 30.914 34.05
3
33.867 43.70
3
32.514 5.77 -2.25
SP
36
10.38
8
10.3
88
10.69 5 10.50
9
10.35 5 10.355 8.823 8.463 7.592 6.136 -7.24 -11.52
ZA 4.279 4.27
9
4.267 4.209 4.611 4.306 4.473 4.282 3.100 2.429 -6.48 -10.79
NP 23.23 22.1 21.22 6 20.78 19.25 6 19.153 25.78 25.397 25.76 24.848 3.98 4.14
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue X October 2025
www.rsisinternational.org
Page 455
K 2 15 3 9 4
Org
anic
991 884 1.862 1.675 2.563 2.132 3.183 3.093 2.358 1.595 30.95 28.35
Source; Created by Author 2021)
Between 2017 and 2021, the distribution and utilization of subsidized fertilizers in Cianjur Regency showed
varied patterns depending on the type of fertilizer. The allocation of urea increased steadily, averaging a rise of
5.77% each year, while its utilization decreased by 2.25%, highlighting a disparity between the amount
supplied and the actual consumption. Both SP-36 and ZA experienced continuous declines in allocation and
utilization, with SP-36 dropping by 7.24% and 11.52%, and ZA by 6.48% and 10.79%, indicating a decrease in
demand or changes in agricultural priorities. In contrast, NPK fertilizers saw slightly positive growth in both
allocation (3.98%) and utilization (4.14%), suggesting stable usage among farmers. Interestingly, organic
fertilizers experienced the most notable increase, with allocation rising by 30.95% and utilization by 28.35%
per year, reflecting a pronounced shift towards sustainable farming practices and greater emphasis on soil
health among agricultural producers.
During the five-year span from 2017 to 2021, the allocation and actual delivery of subsidized fertilizers in
Cianjur Regency varied notably among different fertilizer types and across the years. In 2017, the distribution
of Urea, NPK, and organic fertilizers was incomplete, and in 2018, 2020, and 2021, all categories of subsidized
fertilizers had remaining stock. Notably, 2019 was the sole year when SP-36 fertilizer was completely
distributed to farmers. The year 2021 saw the highest proportion of undelivered fertilizer, especially for Urea
(25.6%), SP-36 (19.18%), and ZA (21.65%). A major factor contributing to this deficiency was the reduced
planting activities during the third growing season, primarily due to water shortages caused by climatic
conditions. In 2021, the government had allocated 43,703 tons of Urea, 7,592 tons of SP-36, 3,100 tons of ZA,
25,764 tons of NPK, and 2,358 tons of organic fertilizers. These inputs were aimed at supporting various
agricultural terrains: 68,963 hectares of technically irrigated rice fields, 17,257 hectares of semi-technical
irrigation, 3,905 hectares of simple irrigation, 16 hectares of non-PU irrigation, and 20,772 hectares of rainfed
areas. Nevertheless, the overall decrease in fertilizer distribution was also impacted by financial constraints at
the government level, underscoring the connection between climate susceptibility and budgetary limitations in
the execution of agricultural policies.
Table 2. The gap between allocation and realization of subsidized fertilizer in Cianjur Regency
Fertilzer
Variants
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Ton % Ton % Ton % Ton % Ton %
UREA 1 0,00 2.358 6,51 5385 14,83 186 0,55 11.189 25,60
SP 36 0 0,00 186 1,74 0 0,00 360 4,08 1.457 19,18
ZA 0 0,00 59 1,36 306 6,61 192 4,27 670 21,65
NPK 1.117 4,81 444 2,09 103 0,53 393 1,52 917 3,56
Organic 108 10,80 187 10,04 431 16,82 91 2,83 762 32,36
Source: Agricultural office Cianjur Regency (2021)
In Cianjur Regency, the timely distribution of subsidized fertilizer remains a persistent challenge, particularly
due to delays by producers and distributors in delivering fertilizer to retailers according to the established
schedule. Often, fertilizer is only dispatched toward the end of the year, disrupting the principle of timely
delivery. This issue could be mitigated through a tiered monthly reporting system across all distribution levels,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue X October 2025
www.rsisinternational.org
Page 456
which would serve not only as a control mechanism but also help identify local fertilizer needs and prevent
shortages. Farmers typically obtain subsidized fertilizer from Level IV kiosks at the government-set retail price
(HET), provided they collect it themselves, pay in cash, and purchase it in sack form. However, many farmers
request delivery to their fields or homes, incurring additional transport costs. Others opt for post-harvest
payment schemes, which introduce interest or service fees, potentially violating the principle of price accuracy.
To address this, the distribution system should be expanded to include a fifth level (Lini V), managed directly
by farmer groups. Distributors at Level III operate under a gubernatorial decree issued in December, followed
by a regency-level decree in January, which is handed over by the Agriculture Office to authorized distributors.
Fertilizer supply is managed by two designated factories, fertilizer of Kujang and Petrokimia Gresik with
clearly divided responsibilities: Kujang serves six districts, while Petrokimia Gresik covers ten. These factories
entrust distributors to deliver fertilizer to eligible farmers via Level IV kiosks, which are generally located near
farming communities. In total, nine distributors operate in Cianjur, each responsible for supplying fertilizer to
their respective network of kiosks, as detailed in the accompanying table.
Table 2. Zones III and IV in Cianjur Regency as of 2022 refer to designated regional classifications used for
planning and development purposes.
No Distributors (Lini III) Subdsitrict Number of fertilizer
kiosks (Lini IV) 4
1 PT Agro Mitra Sejati Pagelaran 7
Tanggeung 7
2 PT Angkasa Raya Crysta Cempaka 3
Cempaka Mulya 1
Cijati 4
Kadupandak 4
Sindangbarang 8
Sukanagara 2
3 CV Gina Jaya Mandiri Bojong Picung 4
Cibeber 7
Cikalong Kulon 5
Cilaku 6
Cugenang 6
Haur Wangi 2
Naringgul 8
Pacet 7
Sukaluyu 5
4 Hendrita, V., Meidita, F., & Supriyanti, J. (2024). Effectiveness of Farming Cards in the Distribution of Subsidized Fertilizers in
Sijunjung District. Buletin Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Haluoleo, 26(2), 132-142.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue X October 2025
www.rsisinternational.org
Page 457
Warungkondang 7
4 CV Intan Tani Takokak 9
5 PT Roda Bumi Nusantara Warung Kondang 7
Gekbrong 6
Agrabintana 6
Pacet 6
6 PT Prakarsa Sentra Utama Ciranjang 2
Mande 3
Sukaluyu 5
7 PT Sinar Alam Pasundan Cianjur 3
Cibeber 7
Cilaku 6
Karang Tengah 7
8 CV Putra Tani Barokah Cikadu 6
Cidaun 9
Cipanas 5
Naringul 8
Pasir Kuda 5
9 CV Mandiri Karya Perceka Cibinong 6
Source: Created by Author (2025)
One of the appointed distributors tasked with supplying subsidized fertilizer in Cianjur Regency is CV Gina
Jaya Mandiri, which was founded in early 2009 and commenced its distribution of subsidized fertilizer in
November of the same year. Based in Kampung Tengkil, Babakan Karet Village, the company employs a staff
of nine individuals. CV Gina Jaya Mandiri offers a variety of fertilizers, such as Urea, SP-36, ZA, NPK,
Phonska, and organic fertilizer, distributing these products to retail kiosks. Among its affiliates is Tani Jaya, a
retail kiosk located in Haurwangi District, RT 01/02, which acts as a resource point for local farmers. In 2021,
the company provided subsidized fertilizer to farmers included in the RDKK (Definitive Group Needs Plan),
distributing the following amounts: 375 tons of Urea, 130 tons of SP-36, 130 tons of ZA, 375 tons of NPK, and
40 tons of organic fertilizer. This distribution highlights the company's vital role in enhancing access to
agricultural inputs and its efforts to ensure fertilizer availability within the farming communities of Cianjur.
DISCUSSION
The execution of fertilizer subsidies in Cianjur Regency reveals a complex and often contradictory situation,
where the aspirations of national policy intersect with the intricate realities of rural governance. However the
initiative is officially intended to assist smallholder farmers and enhance rice production, its implementation
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue X October 2025
www.rsisinternational.org
Page 458
exposes a range of structural conflicts, logistical challenges, and socio-political entanglements that influence
its actual effectiveness.
At the policy level, the fertilizer subsidy scheme is embedded in a centralized framework that heavily relies on
digital tools like the e-RDKK to identify beneficiaries and manage resource allocation. Ideally, this system
promises efficiency and transparency; however, it struggles to effectively address the fluid and informal
characteristics of land tenure and farmer registration in Cianjur. Numerous farmers, especially those with
undocumented land or limited digital skills are often left out of the system, not because of a lack of need, but
due to systemic oversights. This disconnection between policy development and on-the-ground realities
highlights the necessity for more flexible and inclusive data systems.
Institutional dynamics add further complications to the implementation process. Local agricultural offices,
which are responsible for facilitating subsidy distribution, frequently operate under challenging conditions,
such as limited personnel, strict budgets, and vague mandates. In this context, agricultural extension workers
often take on informal gatekeeping roles, deciding who receives fertilizer. Although, some individuals
demonstrate impressive creativity in overcoming bureaucratic obstacles, others engage in discretionary
practices that lead to favoritism and undermine trust. The blurred distinctions between formal processes and
informal negotiations illustrate a governance environment that is both adaptive and susceptible to
vulnerabilities.
Operational difficulties are also significant. Frequent delays in the procurement and distribution of fertilizer are
often tied to bureaucratic inefficiencies and poor coordination with suppliers. These holdups disrupt planting
schedules, compelling farmers to seek alternative inputs at inflated prices. Additionally, there have been
concerns about the quality of subsidized fertilizer, indicating lapses in oversight and accountability. Such
logistical issues not only undermine the program’s effectiveness but also highlight larger weaknesses in
governing agricultural inputs.
From the perspective of farmers, the subsidy program elicits mixed emotions. Many recognize its potential to
lower production costs and stabilize yields, yet they voice considerable frustration regarding its erratic
delivery, unclear procedures, and perceived inequalities. For smallholder rice farmers, particularly those not
part of formal farmer groups, these inconsistencies translate into tangible economic risks missed planting
times, increased input costs, and uncertain harvest prospects. Moreover, the program’s structure does little to
tackle intra-community inequalities, such as disparities in access to resources based on gender or the
marginalization of tenant farmers, thereby limiting its effectiveness and relevance.
Political factors also influence how subsidies are implemented. In various cases, access to fertilizer has been
impacted by electoral cycles or local patronage systems. This politicization of public resources not only
distorts the program's equity objectives but also erodes public trust in its integrity. Ethically, the selective
identification of beneficiaries whether deliberate or accidental raises significant concerns regarding distributive
justice and the ethical responsibilities of government interventions. The examination from a comparative
standpoint, Cianjur’s situation reveals both widespread challenges and distinct contextual limitations. Regions
with better inter-agency collaboration and participatory planning processes tend to achieve more stable and fair
outcomes. These observations indicate that reform initiatives need to go beyond mere technical solutions and
adopt governance models that are responsive, inclusive, and rooted in local contexts.
Ultimately, improving the effectiveness of fertilizer subsidies in Cianjur necessitates a change in strategy, one
that enriches local institutional capabilities, promotes transparency through community-led oversight, and
creates mechanisms that accommodate the varied experiences of rural farmers. As Rusmayadi et al. (2024)
point out, lasting impacts rely not just on effective delivery methods but also on the genuine inclusion of
farmers' perspectives in the formulation of policies that influence their livelihoods.
CONCLUCION
The analysis and data regarding the agricultural input system in Cianjur Regency particularly concerning the
distribution of subsidized fertilizers, highlight a complicated relationship among ecological factors,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue X October 2025
www.rsisinternational.org
Page 459
administrative coordination, and logistical execution. Although the region enjoys fertile soils and a structured
cropping calendar that spans three seasons, ongoing issues with timeliness, accuracy in allocation, and efficient
realization hinder the best use of fertilizers. A five-year review (2017–2021) indicates notable differences
between allocated and realized amounts, particularly for Urea, SP-36, and ZA, with 2021 showing the largest
discrepancy attributed to climate-related planting delays and budgetary limitations.
The rising preference for organic fertilizer among farmers indicates a trend towards more environmentally
sustainable practices; however, its distribution still encounters systematic obstacles. The existing four-tier
distribution framework (Lini I–IV), while operational, frequently does not satisfy farmers’ demands in a timely
and equitable manner. Introducing Lini V, overseen by farmer organizations, presents an encouraging strategy
to enhance last-mile delivery, minimize informal costs, and maintain fair pricing. Furthermore, the
collaboration between two primary fertilizer companies, and Petrokimia Gresik and nine local distributors
across various subdistricts reveals the vast scale and intricacy of the supply chain. Yet, in the absence of
coordinated reporting and proactive management of inventory, even well-organized systems risk becoming
inefficient. The data highlights the necessity for monthly tiered reporting, improved digital monitoring and
localized planning to guarantee that fertilizers reach the appropriate farmers when needed.
In summary, while Cianjur's agricultural framework possesses considerable potential, its fertilizer distribution
system necessitates strengthening of institutions, climate-adaptive planning, and reforms focused on farmers to
effectively convert policy intentions into tangible outcomes. Closing the gap between allocation and realization
will be crucial for maintaining productivity, fairness, and resilience in the region's farming communities.
REFERENCES
1. Ashari, H., Fahmid, I. M., Ali, M. S. S., & Useng, D. (2023). Study of Susidized Fertilizer Distribution
System in Karawang Regency, West java, Indonesia. Journal of Advanced Zoology (JAZINDIA), 4,
300-310.
2. Khatri, P., Kumar, P., Shakya, K. S., Kirlas, M. C., & Tiwari, K. K. (2024). Understanding the
intertwined nature of rising multiple risks in modern agriculture and food system. Environment,
Development and Sustainability, 26(9), 24107-24150.
3. Jamil, A., Ali, M. S. S., Fahmid, I. M., Salman, D., & Rahmadanih, R. (2023). Subsidized fertilizer
management in the rice production centers of South Sulawesi, Indonesia: Bridging the gap between
policy and practice. Open Agriculture, 8(1), 20220233.
4. Hirakawa, S., Masuyama, H., Sudiarta, I. P., Suprapta, D. N., & Shiotsu, F. (2024). Initiatives and
Prospects for Sustainable Agricultural Production in Karangasem Regency, Bali, Indonesia
. Sustainability, 16(2), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020517
5. Putri, M. A., Karimi, S., Ridwan, E., & Muharja, F. (2024). Unveiling the Welfare Puzzle: Exploring
Fertilizer Subsidy Effects on Farmer's Earnings in Indonesia. Sriwijaya International Journal of
Dynamic Economics and Business, 129-146.
6. Rimal, B., Zhang, L., & Rijal, S. (2018). Crop cycles and crop land classification in Nepal using
MODIS NDVI. Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences, 1(1), 14-28.
7. Alta, A., Setiawan, I., & Fauzi, A. N. (2021). Beyond fertilizer and seed subsidies: Rethinking support
to incentivize productivity and drive competition in agricultural input markets (No. 43). Policy Paper.
8. Asmarani, S., Semedi, J. M., & Rustanto, A. (2023, June). Investigating spatial relationship of soil
capability and agricultural land management in Cugenang District, Cianjur Regency. In IOP
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1190, No. 1, p. 012051). IOP Publishing.
9. Potter, P., Ramankutty, N., Bennett, E. M., & Donner, S. D. (2010). Characterizing the spatial patterns
of global fertilizer application and manure production. Earth interactions, 14(2), 1-22.
10. Piatti, C., & Dwiartama, A. (2019). Provenance for whom? A comparative analysis of geographical
indications in the European Union and Indonesia. In Geographical Indication and Global Agri-
Food (pp. 70-84). Routledge.
11. Pratiwi, E. P. A., Murti, C. K. W., & Widiastuti, E. I. (2022, December). Assessment of the 2015 and
2019 Droughts in the Rice Agriculture Sector in Java. In International Conference on Sustainable
Environment, Agriculture and Tourism (ICOSEAT 2022) (pp. 352-359). Atlantis Press.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue X October 2025
www.rsisinternational.org
Page 460
12. Arjuwanti, N., Setiadi, H., & Rizqihandari, N. (2023, June). The relation of regional characteristics and
economic value of agricultural dry land in Cugenang District, Cianjur Regency. In IOP Conference
Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1190, No. 1, p. 012031). IOP Publishing.
13. Rumadan, I., Teguh, P. P., Husin, U., Salamah, U., Aridhayandi, M. R., & Yulianah, Y. (2022).
Understanding the Role of Indigenous Peoples in Preserving Cianjur Pandanwangi Rice as a Product of
Local Wisdom to Obtain Geographical Indication Certificates. Law Doctoral Community Service
Journal, 1(2), 124-130.
14. Rusmayadi, G., Widiyanto, S., Suparwata, D. O., & Wardani, D. T. 2024). Strategic Agricultural
Policies and Fertilizer Subsidies: Driving Business Success in Cianjur's Rice Sector. International
Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(2), 1667-1677.