INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue XI November 2025
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A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching
Programme on Knowledge Regarding Breast Self-Examination
among Nursing Students Studying in Selected College at Ghaziabad
Aditi
1
, Dr. S.P. Subashini
2
,
_
Dr. Anjum Abbasi
3
1
Santosh Nursing College
2
Dean, Teerthankar Mahavir College of Nursing, Moradabad Utter Pradesh
3
Associate Professor, Galgotias School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.101100023
Received: 12 November 2025; Accepted: 20 November 2025; Published: 06 December 2025
ABSTRACT
A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding breast self
examination among nursing students studying in selected college at Ghaziabad. The study was conducted at
Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad. The objectives of the study was (1) To assess the knowledge regarding
breast self examination before video assisted teaching programme among student nurses. (2) To evaluate post
test knowledge on effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme regarding breast self examination
among student nurses. (3) To compare pre test and post test knowledge on video assisted teaching programme
regarding breast self examination among student nurses. (4) To determine the association of knowledge on
video assisted teaching programme regarding breast self examination with selected demographic variables
among student nurses. A quantitative research approach was used for the study with structured questionnaire.
A structured questionnaire was used for the study. The conceptual framework of the present study is based on
Becker’s health belief model. The students who met the study inclusion criteria were selected using purposive
sampling technique. Data gathered were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study
showed that video assisted teaching programme is effective in improving knowledge regarding breast self
examination among GNM 1
st
year female students. Based on the research findings further recommendations
also given.
Keywords: - Video assisted teaching, Breast Self Examination, Knowledge, GNM 1
st
year female students,
Malignancy, Clinical Breast Examination (CBE).
INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer, is a malignant growth of breast tissue. It can spread to nearby lymph gland, pleura, bone, pelvis
and liver. It can spread to other parts of the body without invading the axillary nodes even when the primary
breast tumor is small. Breast cancer is the 3
rd
most common cancer in the world. In India breast cancer is the
2
nd
leading cancer in female. The magnitude of cancer problem is increasing day by day. In the year 2007
about 5.4 million cases reported in developed countries and 6.7 million reported in developing countries. In the
present scenario, roughly one in 26 women are expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime.
The 5-year survival rate reached to 85% with early detection whereas later detection decreased the survival
rate to 56%. Recommended preventive techniques to reduce breast cancer mortality and morbidity include
breast self examination [BSE], clinical breast examination [CBE], and mammography. CBE and
mammography require hospital visit and specialized equipment and expertise whereas BSE is an inexpensive
tool that can be carried out by women themselves. In the literature, it is stated that 90% of the times breast
cancer is first noticed by the person herself.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
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LITERATURE REVIEW
S Ahuja, N Chakrabarti (2009), conducted a study to determine the level of knowledge regarding Breast
cancer and to increase awareness about breast cancer screening practices among a group of women in tertiary
care hospital in Mumbai, India. The knowledge and practices of women toward breast self examination for
early detection were observed to be inadequate in a study carried out among females in the age group of 35-
60yrs in a semi urban area of Madhya Pradesh, India .After the intervention program, 59% women had good
knowledge and among them 90.7% practiced breast self examination as compared to 0% in the pre-test. An
overall increase in the awareness of 43% and 53% of breast self examination was observed in the study group
after intervention.
Bala D V and Gameti Hemant (2011), conducted a educational interventional study of self breast
examination in 250 women beneficiaries of urban health centres of west zone of Ahmadabad. The participants
were women above the age of 20 yrs. Pre test assessment revealed that awareness about various methods of
breast cancer was relatively inadequate. However, three months after the intervention, there was not only
significant improvement of knowledge, improvement in breast self examination practices was also observed
amongst these women.
Jacqueline A Horton (2011) conducted a quasi experimental study on teaching breast health to 310
adolescent females in high school concluded that students who used interactive learning had higher knowledge
retention of breast health/cancer. Students who used interactive learning had higher perceptions of benefits of
breast self-awareness. Students who used interactive learning had lower perceived barriers to breast self-
examination. This research will add to the limited research in the area of breast health of adolescent females. It
will provide health educators strategies to effectively teach breast health to this population and will also help
facilitate the development of health education programs aimed at health promotion among adolescents.
Shalini -Jose (2016), conducted a pre-experimental study to determine the effectiveness of PTP (planned
teaching programme) on BSE among GNM nursing students at Nursing college Indorecity. The study
concluded that PTP helps to improve the knowledge of students on BSE as evidenced by significant difference
between pre test and post-test.
Philomena-Fernandes (2017) conducted a preexperimental study to PTP (planned teaching programme) on
Breast self examination among nursing students at Karnataka medical college. The study concluded that
nursing students are the key group to deliver health information and training. Their attitude towards promotion
of BSE practice will attain a high degree contribution towards giving awareness to the general population
regarding BSE.
The research approach used for this study is quantitative research approach.
Sampling Technique- Purposive sampling technique.
Research Design
Research design adopted for this study was pre test or post test only design with intervention.
Inclusion Criteria
Female students who are studying in GNM 1
st
year.
Female students of GNM 1
st
year who are willing to participate
Students who are present at the time of data collection.
Exclusion Criteria
Students who have attended similar teaching programme in last six months.
Students who are not present at the time of data collection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
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Selection and Preparation of Tool Were Based On
An extensive literature review:
Related to demographic data of nursing students
Related to knowledge about breast self examination
Related to effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding breast self-
examination.
Steps of Development of The Tools
The following steps were involved in development of tool:
Review of literature
Developing demographic data tool through expert opinion and validation
Video assisted teaching programme on Breast Self Examination
Description Of Tool
Part 1- Demographic data
Part 2- Knowledge about breast self examinaton
Part 1 Demographic data- The demographic data consists of age, medium of study, family’s occupation, family
income and type of family.
Part 2 Knowledge about breast self examination- It consists of 20 questions related to knowledge on breast self
examination.
Scoring key
CRITERIA
SCORING KEY
Inadequate Knowledge
<60%
Moderate Knowledge
60-79%
Adequate Knowledge
80-100%
Analysis and Interpretation of Data
S.No
SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS
PERCENTAGE(%)
1.
Age
17-20
63.33%
21-24
33.33%
25-28
3.33%
Above 28 years
-
2.
Medium of study
English
46.67%
Hindi
53.33%
3.
Course Studying
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
ISSN No. 2454-6194 | DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS |Volume X Issue XI November 2025
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GNM 1
st
year
100%
Any other graduation or diploma
-
4.
Family Occupation
Unemployed
3.33%
Self employed
23.33%
Private sector
63.33%
Government sector
10%
5.
Family income
< Rs. 10000/ month
66.67%
Rs. 10000-20000/ month
16.67%
> Rs. 20000/ month
16.67%
6.
Type of family
Nuclear family
50%
Joint family
43.33%
Separated family
6.67%
Extended family
-
7.
Previous knowledge on breast self
examination
Yes
6.67%
No
93.33%
8.
Practiced breast self examination
previously by self.
Yes
3.33%
No
96.67%
Percentage Distribution of Demographic Variables With Respect to Age
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
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Percentage Distribution of Demographic Variables With Respect to Medium of Study
Percentage Distribution of Demographic Variables with Respect to Course Studying
Percentage Distribution of Demographic Variables With Respect to Family Occupation
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Percentage Distribution of Demographic Variables With Respect to Course Studying
Percentage Distribution of Demographic Variables With Respect to Type Of Family
Percentage Distribution of Demographic Variables With Respect to Knowledge Regarding Breast Self-
Examination
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
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Percentage Distribution of Demographic Variables with Respect to Practiced Breast Self-Examination
by Self
The statistical tests used are mean, standard deviation, one sample t-test and paired t-test.
MAJOR FINDINGS
In the study, all participants were in one group only.
According to age, more than half 63.33% (19) were in age group between 17-20 years, 33.33% (10) were
in age group between 21-24 years and 3.33% (1) were in age group between 25-28 years.
Regarding medium of study, majority 53.33% (16) were from Hindi medium and 46.67% (14) were from
English medium.
Regarding course studying, 100% (30) were in GNM 1
st
year only.
Regarding family occupation, majority 63.33% (19) were employed in private sector, 23.33% (7) were
self employed, 10% (3) were employed in government sector and 3.33% (1) was unemployed.
Regarding family income, majority 66.67% (20) had less than Rs. 10000/month family income, 16.67%
(5) had Rs. 10000-20000 per month and 16.67% (5) had greater than Rs. 20000 per month.
Regarding type of family, majority 50% (15) had nuclear family, 43.33% (13) had joint family and
6.67% (2) had separated family.
Regarding awareness of breast self examination, majority 93.33% (28) not knows about breast self
examination and 6.67% (2) knows about breast self examination.
Regarding practicing of breast self examination previously, majority 96.67% (29) students has not done
breast self examination previously by self and 3.33% (1) has done breast self examination previously by
self.
The mean pre test score and post test score was 39.83 and 68.00 respectively. The standard deviation of pre
test and post test was 14.65 and 21.76. The calculated t-value of pretest was -7.54 and post test was 2.01 at
0.05 level of significance. This finding revealed that there was significant difference exist among pre and post
test score knowledge score among group.
The mean pre test score and post test score was 39.83 and 68.00 respectively. The calculated t-value was -8.92
at 0.05 level of significance. The calculated p-value is 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05. This finding revealed
that there is significant relationship exist between pre and post test knowledge score.
There is significant association of post test knowledge score attending video assisted teaching programme with
selected demographic variables like age, awareness about breast self examination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE (IJRIAS)
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Assessment of Pre Test and Post Test Knowledge Score of Students Regarding Breast Self-Examination
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the findings of the study, the following conclusions could be drawn:
Video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding breast self examination among GNM 1
st
year
female students improves knowledge regarding breast self examination.
There was a high significance was found between pre and post test design received video assisted teaching
programme on breast self examination at p<0.05. The study revealed that video assisted teaching programme
on knowledge regarding breast self examination was effected.
There is significant assosciation on knowledge regarding breast self examination among GNM Ist year female
students with selected demographic variables like age, awareness about breast self examination.
DISCUSSION
The study aimed to assess the effect of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding breast self
examination among GNM Ist year female students. Results showed that video assisted teaching programme on
knowledge regarding breast self examination is effective in increasing students knowledge on breast self
examination. The findings was supported based on the study conducted by Khemchand Falwaria, Dr.
Nagarajaih (2005) study on effectiveness of planned teaching programme on Breast self examination to
women of a selected community in Salasar (Churu).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. S.P. Subashini, Principal, Galgotias University, Greater
Noida, under whose guidance and supervision this study has been accomplished. Their knowledge, experience
and precious guidance were constant source of motivation to attain the best. It was indeed a great honor and
privilege to be guided by them.
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