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LeafQuest: A Mobile-Based Augmented Reality for Plant Placement,
Discovery, and Growth
Iya Claire N. Papasin, Marinele T. Mirador, John Ellijah M. Ocampo, Juno Seth P. Pajarillo, and
Ronald B. Fernandez
College of Computing Studies, Universidad De Manila, Philippines
*Corresponding Author
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.100900020
Received: 26 August 2025; Accepted: 02 September 2025; Published: 11 October 2025
ABSTRACT
The LeafQuest app is built to merge augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) in order to help users
choose and visualize plants that is appropriate for their space available and given environmental conditions.
Through the use of an artificial intelligence as a recommendation system, this will improve decision-making and
user confidence building. LeafQuest is built to encourage plant fans, hobbyists, and incidental plant enthusiasts
with easy-to-access, accurate plant data, and interesting plant facts. The LeafQuest walks users through the whole
process from plant discovery and choice to plant care upkeep through and interactive and engaging user interface.
LeafQuest is being developed per Agile method, which focuses on iterative design, and user feedback to make
the application responsive to user’s need and technology needs. The application delves into how augmented
reality can become a practical means for visualization, how artificial intelligence can provide exact plant
recommendations, and how mobile application can turn traditional plant care into dynamic, learning experience.
The applications are meant to close the gap between knowledge of plant care and users’ accessibility. The study
gathered 80 survey responses from plant hobbyists, enthusiasts, and lovers in Metro Manila. It aimed to evaluate
the quality of LeafQuest in terms of performance, ease of use, reliability, and overall system quality as a mobile-
based augmented reality tool for plant placement, discovery, and development. Findings revealed that all criteria
fell within the “Excellent” range (3.504.49), with weighted means between 4.12 and 4.24, indicating strong
acceptance and positive reception from the respondents.
Keywords: Agile methodology, Artificial intelligence (AI), Augmented reality (AR), Gamification
Recommendation system
INTRODUCTION
Society nowadays is influenced by information technology in the context of ways on how people interact with
the environment. It is the foundation for every technological advancement, development, and invention, shaping
the present and the future. Augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology that places digital things into the
real world. Gamification is the process of applying game aspects to non-game contexts, used to make
applications in a fun way, like interactive augmented reality visualization systems.
With the help of augmented reality (AR) and gamification, LeafQuest is a mobile application that combines
digital and natural strategies to create an immersive, interactive platform for virtual plant placement, discovery,
and growth. It allows mobile devices to incorporate real plants in order to create a shared area composed of
virtual plants and the real-world environment via the platform and the immersion. Through this app, users can
discover the rich world of botany and create their own virtual gardens. This application of plant design not only
fosters the user's creativity but also helps them learn as they can arrange the plants otherwise, find out about the
short history and plant characteristics of different kinds, and see the effect of time on them.
The goal of this system is to build a dynamic and educational platform allowing people to cherish the natural
world by engaging in virtual plant placement and discovering the different species of plants. The app, which
uses augmented reality (AR) technology as a tool, allows users to easily associate virtual plants with their real
surroundings during the exploration, imagination, and education process. This engaging and understandable
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technology entertains users to create various plant assemblies, learn about the interesting features, and imagine
programs of plant growth, thus deepening their knowledge of botany as well as promoting environmental
protection.
METHODOLOGY
This section describes the process used to develop LeafQuest, a mobile-based augmented reality application for
finding, planting, and maintaining plants. The Agile methodology was selected as the development framework,
allowing for flexibility and iterative improvements throughout planning, design, development, testing, and
deployment. Data were collected through surveys, interviews, observations, user feedback, and previous studies
to identify requirements as well as evaluate the system's quality and performance. This section also discusses
research design, data collection, sampling, analysis, and the ethical considerations that ensures the study is valid,
reliable, and meets academic rigor.
Research Design
The development of LeafQuest utilized the Agile Methodology. Agile is based on a progressive and iterative
approach to software development that emphasizes adaptability, collaboration, and solutions centered around
the user experience. Whereas traditional models begin with analysis and design, Agile supports the early delivery
of useful software, flexible planning and scheduling, and continual improvement. The use of Agile ensured that
LeafQuest was developed with continual responsiveness to user needs and/or change in any necessary related
interface.
Figure 4.1: Agile Methodology
Planning
During the planning stage, the proposers worked as a team to establish objectives, requirements, and the scope
of the project. They agreed on the needs LeafQuest would have to meet, as well as a list of the main features that
should be included, such as gamified learning components to make the app fun and engaging to the learner, AI
recommenders to suggest plants, plant identification features for the user to discover new plants, and modules
for user interaction. The work was organized by assigning tasks and scheduling when to do the work.
Design
The requirements developed during `design` were translated into an explicit system design. The user interface,
layout, and system architecture were designed to help ensure the application was user-friendly and functional.
Simple designs, such as wireframes and mockups, were developed to illustrate how the application would look
and work. Meanwhile, technical documentation was prepared to guide the actual construction of the application.
Development
The players concentrated on developing the app progressively with cycles. Each cycle gave the app new features
such as AR for plant placement, AI for plant recommendations, and gamification for enhanced learning. The
team collected user feedback along the way to iterate on the features and help ensure the app was practical and
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fun for the target users.
Testing
Once developed, the app was tested for functionality and quality. Usability testing was one type of testing that
was conducted, which allowed us to check if the app was easy to use. Compatibility testing was next in line,
enabling us to test the app on different Android devices. Performance testing was also carried out to confirm the
app was stable and would work as expected while in use. Functionality testing allowed us to check that all
features of the app were working correctly and user acceptance testing allowed us to assess whether the app met
user needs and expectations once developed.
Deployment
After testing was finished, LeafQuest was made available to the intended users in Manila. The deployment phase
meant that the app was available for real-world use; plant enthusiasts and hobbyists could now evaluate the
opportunities the app provided to support plant care, placement, and discovery in real-world contexts.
Review
After deployment, the app was reviewed to determine its effectiveness. Feedback was gathered in the form of
surveys, interviews, and observations that provided valuable information about what was successful and what
required improvement. The review validated LeafQuest strengths including its augmented reality components
and gamified learning, while also providing ideas for future revisions. This allowed LeafQuest to continue to
develop and ensure that the app remained true to its goals.
Data Collection Techniques
In order to inform the development and improvement of LeafQuest, a variety of data collection methods were
utilized. Feedback was collected from users during the development process and once in use to assess overall
satisfaction, usability, and suggestions for improvement. Surveys consisting of both closed and open-ended
responses were conducted to gain an overview of user experiences and expectations for plant enthusiasts,
hobbyists, and lovers. Interviews were then used to obtain richer detail about user expertise, experiences,
challenges, and recommendations for LeafQuest. Observational studies enabled the researcher to observe how
participants used the application and to identify any usability issues. Finally, related literature was reviewed in
order to identify gaps and areas for possible improvement. This ensured that LeafQuest was built on both user
feedback and previous studies.
Sampling Methods
Participants in the research were plant hobbyists, enthusiasts, and lovers based in Manila. They were selected
because they represent the main users of the LeafQuest application and have knowledge and experience in caring
for and discovering plants. As a result, a purposive sampling method was used to target individuals who could
provide valuable input and feedback that would directly inform the development and enhancement of the system.
Data Analysis Procedures
The processes of data analysis required the collation and analysis of data gathered through surveys, interviews,
observations, and user feedback. As part of the analysis process, responses were examined for similar themes,
patterns, and issues relative to care of plants and the use of the LeafQuest application. The results were then
interpreted based on the identification and assessment of user needs and the measured performance of the system,
as well as identifying opportunities for improvement. This examination helped ensure findings were made based
on reliable measurement and directly informed adaptations of the application.
Validity and Reliability Measures
As a demonstration of the validity of the LeafQuest study, the investigators will use data obtained from reliable
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sources such as interviews, surveys, observations and related studies to ensure the information captured
accurately represents the needs and experiences of pleasure plant users. The questions and instruments to be
utilized are aligned with the objectives of this study. The reliability is established through consistency in use of
procedures followed across participants and cross-checking results from particular methods. These measures of
validity and reliability will support the assertion that the findings were accurate, consistent and then stable to
inform development of LeafQuest.
Ethical Considerations
The LeafQuest study adheres to ethical guidelines to protect participants while upholding a valid research
process. All user information was kept completely confidential while still collecting identifiable information that
would remain private. All privacy measures are based on the 2012 Data Privacy Act and participants were
informed of the purpose of the study. The research team also engaged in fair and just use of the data, honestly
reported the results of the research, and relied on ethical standards when conducting this study.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Augmented Reality in Plant Identification Mobile Apps
Bawingan et al. (2024) carried out a study to examine the experiences of users with mobile plant identification
applications. Four of the most used apps were LeafSnap, PictureThis, Pl@ntNet, and PlantSnap. The apps were
utilized by students, teachers, and hobbyists, who identified plants by snapping and uploading pictures. The
study collected feedback using questionnaires, highlighting the difficulties and perceptions of users of the apps.
Gaified Application with Cooperative Experience Using Augmented Reality
Barra et al. (2024) developed BotanicAR as a cooperative AR game based on the Meta Quest 3 headset. The
application is a multiplayer interaction with two to four players, combining augmented reality (AR) and virtual
reality (VR) in one device. Players cooperate to fight against an invading virtual plant in their real space, using
only hand gestures without handheld controllers.
Effects of Developing an Interactive AR Plant Structure Experiment System for Elementary Natural
Science Course
Based on Jhuang, Z., Lin, Y., & Lin, Y. (2025), the study that they have conducted demonstrates how augmented
reality technology enhances the interactive system of plant structure experiments. The study concluded that the
usage of augmented reality in the plant experiments allowed students to stay in the visuals like real life and did
not have to wait for the experimental results apart from giving attention to the experimental design and the nature
of the presented material while simultaneously facilitating multi-sensorial learning.
Augmented Reality as a Tool in Plant Research for Medicinal Purposes
The study by Bukhari, S. and Sela, E. (2024) developed an augmented reality application for identifying plants
that can be used as medicines. The results of the development of augmented reality applications on plants that
can be made into medicines provide convenience to users in a search for information needed about the types of
plants that can be used as medicines effectively and efficiently.
Bringing Plants to Life: How Augmented Reality is Changing Botany Education
A study by Liang Z. (2024) developed a system with augmented reality (AR) that helps students see plants better
and makes learning more fun by allowing them to see plants in 3D models, watch plants grow, and look at the
plants from different places without needing to leave their classrooms. As a result, students become more
engaged and improve their comprehension.
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Augmented reality and gamification: A framework for developing a supplementary learning tool
This study made by Godoy Jr., C.H. (2021) aims to develop a supplementary learning tool framework using a
dynamic mobile application built with UnityAR and Vuforia to enhance the learning process for Senior High
School (SHS) Earth Science students and teachers. The researchers adopt the Software. The study concludes that
Augmented Reality and Gamification can enhance senior high school Earth Science education using the
proposed framework.
A Comprehensive Review of Plant Recognition Approaches
The study of Dalvi, P. and Kalbande, D., (2023) discussed the role of plant identification in the field of botany
and horticulture. The authors concluded that the method of plant identification of comparing a single attribute
such as leaf, flower, seed, fruit, and trunk has its advantage, as it makes the identification process quicker and
simpler.
The User Experience Design of Virtual and Augmented Reality for Environmental and Ecological
Information-Focusing on the Conservatory of Seoul Botanic Park
A study by Zoh et al. (2022) explored the effects of virtual and augmented reality in terms of educating
individuals about plants. The study concludes the importance of virtual reality and augmented reality in making
ecological learning more engaging and interactive.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework is based on the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model, which serves as the guide in
presenting the structure and flow of the LeafQuest system.
Figure 3.1: Input-Process-Output Model
Figure 3.1 illustrates the essential components that shaped the development of LeafQuest, a mobile-based
augmented reality application created to enhance plant placement, discovery, and growth among urban
residential users.
Input Phase. The students registered by creating an account and entering basic information (name, student
number, department, and course) which will be important for authentication. Once authenticated, they will be
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able to access to the features of the system, keyword and voice search capabilities that use Natural Language
Processing (NLP) to facilitate academic materials search for the students. The system will also allow students to
contribute their own academic works over time which will increase the amount of material on the system.
Process Phase. To ensure integrity when adding submissions, librarians or administrators verify student
registrations and academic submissions. The accepted works are stored in a secured database and organized
according to metadata categories such as course and department. While this is happening, librarians also perform
quality checks chosen at random to verify accuracy and relevancy. This will ensure only credibility and
academically organized resources are added to the system.
Output Phase. The system offers an accessible and organized digital archive where students and faculty can
find approved research materials at any time using a web browser. MerlArchive facilitates efficiency and builds
research skills by providing dashboards to track approvals and document status. This digital archive can help
create an academic setting that is more collaborative, accessible, efficient, and driven by technology for the
university community.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results
In this study, a total of 80 usable survey responses were received from plant enthusiasts, hobbyists, and
aficionados in Manila. The survey was administered to evaluate LeafQuest's effectiveness in terms of its features
and functionality, ease of use or usability, reliability, and quality of the app as a mobile-based augmented reality
tool to enhance the plant placement, discovery, and growth. The data were analyzed based on the mean scores
of the surveys, percentage ratings, and visual graphs to display the overall perception and acceptance of the
application. The evaluations were based on the ISO/IEC 25010 standard. Each of the categories provides a
summary of responses, mean scores, and an interpretation. The outcomes were summarized and then compared
to the essential features of LeafQuest to demonstrate the system was able to meet the needed features or
expectations of its targeted user audience.
Results
Functional Sustainability
This category was evaluated using five criteria, which are: completeness of features, accuracy of augmented
reality display, correctness of plant information, functionality of tracking and growth, and effectiveness of plan
recommendation system. The results show that 90% of participants agree or strongly agree with the app
regarding functional sustainability, and 8% are neutral, while 2% disagree. The mean score of 4.15 is interpreted
as "Highly Agree".
Figure 5.1: Bar Graph of the Responses in Functional Sustainability of LeafQuest
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Figure 5.1 shows the respondents finds the app to be successful in providing the necessary features for plant
placement and growth monitoring. The augmented reality tool was generally perceived to be accurate in
positioning virtual plants within live spaces. Users also confirmed that the plant-related information such as
names and caring tips are reliable. The plant tracking and growth functions performed as expected, while the
recommendation system were deemed helpful in suggesting suitable plants for the user environment.
Performance Efficiency
The criteria was measure through load time, smoothness of AR visualization, navigation speed between screens,
battery/data consumption and stability performance in extended uses. The results reveal that 88% agreed or
strongly agreed, 9% were neutral, and 3\% disagreed, The mean score was 4.19 which interpreted as "Highly
Agree"
Figure 5.2: Bar Graph of the Responses in Performance Efficiency of LeafQuest
As illustrated in Figure 5.2, the respondents stated that the application usually loaded relatively quickly and
enabled an uncomplicated transition between features. The augmented reality view was described as responsive
with minimal lag or delays. The application also not noted to use an excessive amount of battery life or mobile
data usage. Longer usage did not deduct in the overall performance of the application and overall time behavior
and resource consumption displayed good efficiency
Bar Graph of the Responses in Usability of LeafQuest
Usability was assessed based on ease of learning, design/layout simplicity, navigation, accessibility of AR
features, and clarity of labels and menus. The results show that 92% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed,
6% were neutral, and only 1% disagreed. The mean score of 4.24 reflects a “Highly Agree” interpretation.
Figure 5.3: Bar Graph of the Responses in Usability of LeafQuest
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This shows that respondents indicated that the app is easy to learn even for first-time users. The interface design
and layout contributed to straightforward navigation, enabling users to locate features without difficulty. The
AR function was accessible and manageable, while labels, buttons, and menus were perceived as intuitive and
easy to understand.
Reliability
This category is concerned with the availability, frequency of crashing and/or freezing, usability in the case of
slow Internet speed, data persistence, and error recovery. The results show that 89% agreed or strongly agreed
with the statement, 8% were neutral, and 3% disagreed. The mean score was 4.22, which should be read as being
in the "Highly Agree" range.
Figure 5.4: Bar Graph of the Responses in Reliability of LeafQuest
This indicates that respondents find that the app was generally available when needed and did not crash
frequently. It remained functional even under slow internet connections, ensuring continuous usability.
Importantly, plant progress data was retained even after closing the app, and the system was able to recover from
occasional glitches with minimal disruption.
Security
Security was evaluated in terms of data protection, permission requests, data usage transparency, privacy, and
suitability for children or other users. Findings show that 87% agreed or strongly agreed, 10% were neutral, and
2% disagreed. The mean score of 4.22 reflects a “Highly Agree” interpretation.
Figure 5.5: Bar Graph of the Responses in Usability of LeafQuest
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This means that respondents showed trust with sharing their personal information, since the app only requested
permissions valid for camera access. Users also liked that the app clarified which data would be utilized and
regardless of which data was used, their privacy was maintained with the app. Some users also reported that they
felt comfortable with children, or other people using the app, without concern for data safety or misuse.
Maintainability
Maintainability was assessed using criteria related to completeness of features, organizational structure, absence
of broken links/errors, and perceived ease of doing updates. The results indicated that 85% agreed or strongly
agreed, 11% were neutral, and 4% disagreed. The mean score of 4.18 was considered, “Highly Agree.”
Figure 5.6: Bar Graph of the Responses in Maintainability of LeafQuest
Figure 5.6 illustrates that users found that the app performed without any visible bugs or incomplete
functionality. The overall structure and organization of the app added to a reliable environment. There were no
broken links or missing elements while using the app. In addition, most users thought the app would be easy to
update, and they would be willing to use an improved version in the future.
Compatibility
This criterion measured the smoothness of the app on the devices, usability offline, functionality of all features,
compatibility with device resources, and adaptability of the display. The results revealed that 83% either agreed
or strongly agreed, 12% neutral, and 5% disagreed, respectively. The mean was 4.12, indicating “Highly Agree.”
Figure 5.7: Bar Graph of the Responses in Maintainability of LeafQuest
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Respondents indicated in Figure 5.7 that the app mostly run without problems on their devices and rendered
appropriately on various device screen sizes and resolutions. The functionality for AR, the information about
the plant, and the placement of the plant worked regularly. Although somewhat limited in functionality while
offline, the majority of user reports indicated use and suitability across different contexts and devices.
Evaluation Metrics
The assessment of LeafQuest: A Mobile-Based Augmented Reality for Plant Placement, Discovery, and Growth
was carried out with a survey of 80 respondents. The survey uses various percentages, averages, and graphing
results to measure the quality of the app using the ISO/IEC 25010 model and within ISO/IEC 25020 metrics.
The results reveal that all ratings are found to be in the “Excellent” range (3.504.49), and the weighted means
ranged from 4.12 to 4.24. Thus, indicating strong acceptance patterns across respondents. Usability received the
highest mean score of (4.24) meaning the app is simple/ smooth to use, easy to learn, and provides easy
navigation. The second highest scores were close behind for Reliability (4.22) and Security (4.22) indicating that
the app is stable, reliable, and safe. Functional Suitability (4.15), Performance Efficiency (4.19), Maintainability
(4.18) and Compatibility (4.12) consistently measure quality indicating that the system provides effective app
placement, performance efficiency, device compatibility, and readiness for future improvement.
In conclusion, LeafQuest is an augmented reality application that is both accepted and effective. The app
received high rating of “Excellent” for all the ISO/IEC 25010 quality ratings based on ISO/IEC 25020 metrics.
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Figure 5.6 Overall Summary Survey
DISCUSSION
The survey findings offer strong confirmation that LeafQuest effectively meets the needs of its target users--
students, plant lovers, and individuals interested in sustainable living/reduced impact lifestyles. The overall high
ratings over the IS0/IEC 25010 categories, measured against the ISO/IEC 25020 method, indicate the system is
working as specified, efficient for a given purpose, and easy to use.
First, the strong ratings in Usability indicates that LeafQuest is fairly easy to navigate and operate. Respondents
felt that even the interface, menuing, and augmented reality worked features were easily learned. This ease
reduced barriers for new users, and motivates them to use the app frequently, consequently making plant
identification and placement easier for more users.
Second, the scores in Functional Suitability and Performance Efficiency demonstrate that the system provides
verifiable results and delivers precise and reliable input. Users reported that the AR plant placements were
precise, the plant data was reliable, and the app executed functions quickly, while consuming little excessive
resources from the devices. In summary, these findings illustrate that many of LeafQuest's core functions fulfill
pragmatic expectations and job expectations, and align well with the outcomes intended to assist users with
proper plant placement and care.
Third, the Ratings for Reliability and Security showed slightly different gratitude from users, but still, rating
selection showed user trust in the App for consistent and secure processing of data. Users reported having
minimal applications crashes, application operations remained stable even during weakened wifi signals, and the
data protection protocols were clearly communicated enhanced levels of user confidence in using LeafQuest.
This was a key point for a mobile-based system that relies on the camera and storage permission performing
administrative tasks in the App.
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Fourthly, while the Maintainability and Compatibility categories did not rank as high as other categories, both
still fall into the “Excellent” range. Respondents indicated that the app is reliably stable and can be made to work
on many devices, and at the same time, they indicated that they look forward to even more updates and
improvements. This demonstrates that LeafQuest is perceived to be a system that has a solid future in improving
and developing for years to come.
Finally, the outcome of the survey goes beyond technical competence; it demonstrates the way LeafQuest adds
value to the experience of an environmental awareness platform that utilizes technology. The app incorporates
extended reality features alongside plant-based information to connect digital devices and the ethical
responsibility to connect with the planet. This means LeafQuest can be positioned as not simply an app for
adventure but also a way to facilitate educational purpose - and build community.
Overall, the favorable feedback on all quality measures indicates that LeafQuest achieved its purpose of being a
stable, efficient, and easy-to-use augmented reality-based platform. The results support the program as a relevant
and effective innovation for promoting plant discovery, installation, and sustainable growing practices.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
In conclusion, LeafQuest has shown itself to be a successful and innovative mobile application developed around
gamification and augmented reality to facilitate plant placement, discovery, and growth. Surveys indicated
consistently high scores for indicators with respect to all ISO/IEC 25010 quality characteristics assessed with
ISO/IEC 25020 metrics; usability (4.24), reliability (4.22) and security (4.22) achieved the highest means. This
suggests that the system is functional, easy to use, dependable, and secure.
With the results supporting that LeafQuest meets technical criteria and provides educational and environmental
benefits, LeafQuest promotes sustainable behaviours while assisting users in making informed decisions about
plant care and placement on an entertaining platform for both enthusiasts and learners. LeafQuest provides a
solid platform to move forward as a relevant tool for environmental education, urban greening and community
awareness.
Recommendations
Based on the evaluation and gathered feedback specifically from plant-related professionals from Arroceros
Forest Park of Manila and the Bureau of Plant Industry, the following recommendations are proposed to further
enhance LeafQuest:
Expand Plant Database and Localization To enhance accuracy and culture relevance, include a much wider
variety of native and endemic plant species from the Philippines, especially those found in urban gardens or the
forest parks of Manila.
Professional Verification of Plant Information Develop partnerships with center or experts in plant biology
to verify and update plant care data, including keeping it relevant and evidenced-based for sustainable
horticulture practices.
Integration of Environmental Context Develop features that account for environmental conditions like
sunlight, air, and soil quality, so that users may receive suitable plant recommendations for their specific
environments.
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