The chemical industry, which is among the most vital industries to the global economy, contributes

significantly to climate change because of the emissions of CO2 due to fossil fuels and hazardous waste. Green

as a mandatory and inseparable component of measurable and reportable systems would help transform green

chemistry into a viable action plan that would render the industry synonymous with net-zero goals and

sustainable growth.

Waste Reduction, Renewable Feedstock, Energy Efficiency, Regulatory Compliance (REACH,TSCA,ISO

14001)

Modern global economy depends on the chemical industry (Kätelhön et al., 2019), the core product of which is

the contribution to pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers and speciality chemicals. Still, it is a great

(SDGs), the direction the chemical sector is taking at the moment is a direct disobedience to the global climate

goal. So as to discover the compromising point between industrialisation and environmental responsibility,

industry must be transformed drastically. This transition is supported scientifically by what is known as green

chemistry, the science which has been described in the Twelve Principles introduced by Anastas and Warner.

This set of principles encourages the design of chemical products and processes which is less toxic, use less

energy and resources use as well as enhancing safety and compatibility within their environment.

Technical substitution is not the only thing that green chemistry cares about; built-in performance assessment

is needed. As an illustration of this case, the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) may be perceived as the

mandatory instruments since such indicators as the atom economy, energy intensity, carbon emissions to each

unit of the product, the reduction of the hazardous wastes, and the fractions of the solvents covered by the

and Verifiable (MRV) systems level so that green chemistry would no longer be a visionary thought

experiment but an implementable and global solution to dismantling industry carbon emissions (Luis Alberto

de la Torre Vivar, 2025).

Green chemistry is a science which aims at the optimisation of chemical materials and processes to reduce the

usage and generation of hazardous chemicals. It was created by Paul Anastas and John Warner and is informed

by 12 principles of environmentally Sound innovation, aiming at encouraging environmentally responsible

innovations. Some of these principles are atom economy, energy efficiency, use of renewable feedstocks,

utilisation of safer solvents or reagents.

(e.g., Fig. 1.1. Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry Framework).

The principles of green chemistry may be practically and beneficially applied in numerous applications, such

depletion of natural resources may be solved with the useful effect of green chemistry because it gives an

opportunity to consider the process of chemical production more cyclic and more sustainable. 2. The Critical

Role of KPIs in Advancing Green Chemistry:

Adoption of green chemistry is not just about a scientific venture, but it is a working venture. It is obvious how

they can be done in general, but as to where to integrate them into the production systems, which can be scaled

up and how to continuously assess the ways they perform, the actual problem rests. The tendency to quantify

the results is important to maintain the degree of relevance, imitation and improvement of the production

cycle. According to this gap, KPIs provide pragmatic and strategic principles of measuring performance. KPIs

provide a systematic approach to measure green chemistry work and inefficiencies, in addition to putting a

context of sustainability on their overall work. Without these efforts, there is no unity in the efforts, and efforts

a large scale or when not invoked during corporate processes. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are

important metrics used in green chemistry to enable measurements of the progress and guarantee continuous

improvement [16].

The key subject of the Performance Indicators (KPIs) that can be funnelled toward the establishment of the

friendly, efficient production routes.

Such KPIs enable the industries to detect their inabilities and change them to cleaner or even liquidfree

(assisted by catalysis, bio-based raw materials, or non-liquid flows). Another case is that the Carbon Efficiency

may be low, and then carbon sources will be replaced by renewable sources, and the level of waste will be very

high; this will imply that the process has to be redesigned. These KPIs will encourage continuous change so

that the chemical manufacturing is in line with the sustainability agenda goals, and it is economical.

It is also essential when fostering sustainability across the chemical sector, and Key Performance Indicators

(KPIs) are the sure way to present this order. These metrics include consumption of energy per unit of the

product and the level of use of renewable resources, which helps a business estimate and enhance the

sustainability of operations. An example is monitoring the rate of recovery of solvents to enable the firms to

track the transition process from the use of fossil-based solvents to the use of biodegradable ones. Such KPIs

important governmental agencies and international institutions, along with the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), the European Chemicals Agency (REACH) and the ACS Green Chemistry Institute, develop

some principles and guidelines that ensure that chemicals are both safe and sustainable. The Key Performance

Indicators (KPIs) can especially come in handy when it comes to the enforcement of companies to run under

these regulatory conditions. Between the toxicity, atmosphere emissions, waste reduction, and resource

productivity measurements, the corporations can prove that they adhere to such regulatory acts as the REACH

(Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals) and the TSCA (Toxic Substances

Control Act). Documentation of the KPI is also applicable when it comes to the practice of certification, and

2008). Transparency in the reporting of KPIs not only has the merit of sweeping away the legal implications,

transition is a strategic one in the green chemistry context: instead of trying to control reaction-based carbon

management, decarbonisation of molecules at the molecular scale [15].

To understand this change, one will want to look in conjunction with the classification of emissions of a scope

kind:

(e.g., Fig. 1.4. Type of Emission).

Even though companies have a high level of mandatory reporting of Scope 1 and 2 emissions, the Scope 3

emissions form a key aspect of the total carbon footprint produced by a chemical company, with its average

being above 70%. It implies that this is a significant, yet somewhat humble, subject matter of carbon

accountability.

ethylene with ethylene derived from bioethanol would reduce embedded emissions in polymers considerably.

Both scope 1 and 2 emissions are able to be reduced to a minimum by the way a chemical reaction is designed

to consume minimal energy and solvent and have reduced steps. Ambient catalysis, one-pot synthesis and

solvent-free processes lead to a reduction of thermal load, energy demands through the reduction of process-

level emissions.

Decarbonisation of chemical manufacturing energy can be achieved through the introduction of solar, wind, or

hydrogen-based frameworks into plant installations. The green hydrogen collected in the process with the help

of electrolysis and renewable energy can serve as an alternative to fossil-only produced hydrogen to produce

Green chemistry [22] goes ahead to accommodate the science of sorting the molecules and reactions in a way

Hence, the carbon accountability could not have been a reporting issue, but it was a design issue. The way

chemistry offer are the very ones which are required to ensure that carbon responsibility is ensured on all

levels of chemical innovation, whether it is raw material, intermediate product or final product. In this manner,

the chemical industry will be able to transition into the leadership phase since it would prove to be one of the

most important agents of decarbonisation as a trend in the world.

It would be necessary to adopt effective Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of sustainability in chemical

production using adherence to the concept of green chemistry [19]. These are the best indicators to be of

assistance in quantifying the environmental performance, processing efficiency and compliance with this

regulation. However, despite the increasing trend of sustainable innovation, there exist enormous challenges to

the implementation of standardised KPIs in and among the chemical sector all over the world.

sustainability indicators in mandatory reporting. These types of instruments are more concerned with the

The latter is the financial sector and its provision of capital, placing a focus on ESG, which is performing

under much pressure. Asset managers and institutional investors are starting to rank a chemical company based

of stock in ESG funds and even loss of confidence by shareholders. Good KPI reporting, on its part, results in

the increased ESG rating of a firm, the improvement of relations with the investor, and the opportunity to

realise the instrument of sustainable finance.

First-mover advantages are associated with the benefits of early green chemistry KPIs [20]. The businesses

that adopt strict measurement systems have an advantage in responding much earlier to the change of policy,

they can anticipate market demands, and they have an advantage in positioning their products based on

authentic green performance factors. Decision making conducted based on KPIs is helpful for internal

innovation as well, and it lets R&D concentrate efforts on lowcarbon processes, closed-loop systems, as well

as safer substitutes for chemicals.