{"id":55158,"date":"2024-12-15T19:13:19","date_gmt":"2024-12-15T19:13:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/?page_id=55158"},"modified":"2024-12-24T12:04:01","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T12:04:01","slug":"volume-iv-issue-iii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/archive\/volume-iv-issue-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume IV Issue III"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"55158\" class=\"elementor elementor-55158\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20778c1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"20778c1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4af9110e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4af9110e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ed4027e elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"2ed4027e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/01-06.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Analysis of Thermal Performance of a Characteristics Heat Pipe as an Efficient Heat Transfer Device with Colloidal Nanofluid\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/01-06.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnalysis of Thermal Performance of a Characteristics Heat Pipe as an Efficient Heat Transfer Device with Colloidal Nanofluid\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c14c14f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c14c14f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Kunal Mehra, Ajay Kumar &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019\u00a0 &#8211; <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 01-06<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4972bd9b e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"4972bd9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1232256411\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564111\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564111\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12322564111\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564112\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564112\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12322564112\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564113\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564113\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12322564113\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564114\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564114\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12322564114\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564115\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564115\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-12322564115\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12322564111\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564111\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-50f1f50d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50f1f50d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27d567ba e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27d567ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46ec79bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46ec79bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>In different processes ranging from conversion, utilization &amp; recovery of thermal energy in various industrial, commercial &amp; domestic applications heat exchangers are used. Economical design of heat exchangers, which can help to utilize energy, use economical material and help in reducing cost should be achieved by increase in the performance of Heat exchanger. Use of Heat transfer enhancement techniques lead to increase in heat transfer coefficient but at the cost of increase in pressure drop. Therefore, while designing a heat exchanger, using any of these techniques, analysis of heat transfer rate &amp; pressure drop needs to be done. To achieve high heat transfer rate in an existing or new heat exchanger several techniques have been proposed in recent years. This work presents the study of heat transfer enhancement of a circular heat pipe using nano particles produced as a result of wire electric discharge machining, collectively called as the colloidal solution of nanoparticles. A heat pipe is a simple heat transfer device that can transport large quantities of heat with a very small difference in temperature between the hot ends to the other end. In this case study, the concept of the evaporation of the working fluid inside the heat pipe is used to compare the heat carrying capacity of two heat pipes. The objective of this study is to compare the efficiency between the primary heat pipe with distilled water as the working fluid and the secondary heat pipe with colloidal Nano Fluid, produced as a result from wire electric discharge machining as the working medium. The heat pipe is divided into 2-sample specimen. First specimen of heat pipe using distilled water while the other one used colloidal Nano Fluid. These two heat pipes are built without the mesh wick and are dealing with inclination of angle to see the performance of the heat pipe. Both the heat pipes were built with the total length of 600 mm length and 16 mm diameter using copper as the pipe material. Gravity pumping was used with the inclination angle to pump back the working fluid to the evaporator section. The heat pipe was positioned at different angles of 0\u00ba, 45\u00b0 and 90\u00b0 with the horizontal. To achieve the objective of this study, both pipes were studied experimental to find the most efficiency between the primary heat pipe and the secondary heat pipe. The important parameter involves in the case study are the variation of Thermal Resistance and the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient with the varying heat inputs to the heat pipes. After performing the experiments, the objective of this case study is achieved.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 01-06<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 14 March 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12322564112\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564112\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6c8d3e6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c8d3e6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c2c1c78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c2c1c78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fac70d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5fac70d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kunal Mehra<\/strong><br \/>M.Tech Scholar, Laxmi Devi Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology, Alwar -301028, India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ajay Kumar<\/strong><br \/>Mechanical Engineering Department, Laxmi Devi Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology, Alwar -301028, India<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12322564113\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564113\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-39b7c76d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"39b7c76d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cd2a0cc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2cd2a0cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-350531a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"350531a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Peterson, G.P., 1994, An Introduction to Heat Pipes; Modeling, Testing and Applications, John Wiley &amp; Sons.<br \/>[2]. Dunn, P.D., and Reay, D.A., 1986, Heat Pipes, Pergamon.<br \/>[3]. Nemec, P. \u010caja, A. Heat transport nitrification of heat pipe. ActaMetallurgicaSlovaca Vol.15. No.1. TU Ko\u0161ice, 2009.<br \/>[4]. Swanson L. W.: Heat pipe, Heat and Mass Transfer, Mechanical Engineering Handbook, Ed. Frank Kreith Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999.<br \/>[5]. Holman, J.P, Heat Transfer, 5th Ed, McGraw-Hill Inc. 1981.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12322564114\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564114\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8dd66b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dd66b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f57b27e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f57b27e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-570b2054 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"570b2054\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Kunal Mehra, Ajay Kumar &#8220;Analysis of Thermal Performance of a Characteristics Heat Pipe as an Efficient Heat Transfer Device with Colloidal Nanofluid&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.01-06 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/01-06.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-12322564115\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-12322564115\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-52bfd9f0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"52bfd9f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dc6957f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2dc6957f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e7d1bf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e7d1bf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Analysis of Thermal Performance of a Characteristics Heat Pipe as an Efficient Heat Transfer Device with Colloidal Nanofluid\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/01-06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f4a3b90 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7f4a3b90\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f36d62e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f36d62e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6414cf28 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6414cf28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/07-10.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\" Effects of Geogebra Instructional Package on Secondary School Students Achievement in Geometry in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/07-10.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Effects of Geogebra Instructional Package on Secondary School Students Achievement in Geometry in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36edaae5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36edaae5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abari, M. Terseer; Dr.( Mrs) Gimba, W. Rukayat; Dr. Hassan, A. Ahmed; Dr. Jiya, M; Dr.(Mrs) Chado, Amina; Dr. (Mrs.) Gana, S. Celina; Dr. Koroka, M.U.S\u00a0 &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019 <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 07-10<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b56b412 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"5b56b412\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1532408850\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088501\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088501\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15324088501\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088502\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088502\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15324088502\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088503\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088503\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15324088503\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088504\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088504\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15324088504\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088505\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088505\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15324088505\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15324088501\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088501\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-12a83bb6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"12a83bb6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b101af3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b101af3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6052a4e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6052a4e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The research was concerned with the effects of Geogebra Instructional Package on secondary school students achievement in Geometry in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria. Two research questions were asked and answered while two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design of the study was quasi-experimental design of pretest-post test non equivalent control group. The sample of the study was 205 students. The experimental group was taught using Geogebra Instructional package while the control group was taught using the expository method. The data collected at the end of the research was analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to answer research questions while the hypotheses were tested using analysis of covariance. The result of the study revealed that students taught geometry using Geogebra Instructional Package achieved higher mean scores than those taught using Expository method. The result also revealed no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of male and female students taught geometry using Geogebra Instructional Package.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 07-10<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 15 March 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15324088502\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088502\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-25b2b76a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25b2b76a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f8e16a1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f8e16a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5195ee46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5195ee46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abari, M. Terseer<\/strong><br \/>Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr.( Mrs) Gimba, W. Rukayat<\/strong><br \/>Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Hassan, A. Ahmed<\/strong><br \/>Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Jiya, M<\/strong><br \/>Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr.(Mrs) Chado, Amina<\/strong><br \/>Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. (Mrs.) Gana, S. Celina<\/strong><br \/>Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Koroka, M.U.S.<\/strong><br \/>Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15324088503\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088503\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-237ff9d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"237ff9d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33be0dd5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33be0dd5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70ce3d10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70ce3d10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Gambari, A. I.I, Falode, C. O. &amp; Adegbenro, D. A.(2014). The effectiveness of computer animation and geometry instructional model on mathematics achievement and retention on Junior Secondary School Students in Minna, Nigeria.European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2(2), 127-146.<br \/>[2]. Hohenwarter, M., Hohenwarter, J., Kreis, Y., and Lavicza, Z. (2008). Teaching and learning calculus with free dynamic mathematics software GeoGebra. Paper presented at the 11th International Congress on Mathematical Education. Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.<br \/>[3]. Hohenwarter, J., Hohenwarter, M. and Lavicza, Z. (2010). Evaluating difficulty levels of dynamic geometry software tools to enhance teachers&#8217; professional development. International Journal for Technology in Mathematics Education, 17(3), 127-134.<br \/>[4]. Ke\u015fan, C. and \u00c7ali\u015fkan, S.(2013). The effect of learning geometry topics of 7th grade in primary Education with dynamic geometer\u2019s sketchpad geometry Software to success and retention. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology. 12(1);131-138.<br \/>[5]. Royati, A. S., Ahmad, F. M. &amp; Rohani, A.T. (2010).The Effects of Audio-visual on Mathematics Achievement: Enlightening Coordinate Geometry Learning.International Conference on Mathematics Education Research 2010 (ICMER 2010).Institute for Mathematical Research, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia.<br \/>[6]. Russel, D. (2014). What is Geometry? Retrieved from www.math.about.com\/od\/geometry\/a\/why geo.htm on 19th November 2016.<br \/>[7]. Zengin, Y &amp; Kutluca, T. (2012). The effect of dynamic Mathematics Software geogebra on student achievement in teaching of trigonometry. Procedia.-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 31; 183-187.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15324088504\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088504\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3502a324 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3502a324\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bfc43dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bfc43dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19102d5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19102d5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abari, M. Terseer; Dr.( Mrs) Gimba, W. Rukayat; Dr. Hassan, A. Ahmed; Dr. Jiya, M; Dr.(Mrs) Chado, Amina; Dr. (Mrs.) Gana, S. Celina; Dr. Koroka, M.U.S., &#8220;Effects of Geogebra Instructional Package on Secondary School Students Achievement in Geometry in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.07-10 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/07-10.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15324088505\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15324088505\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-535aca7e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"535aca7e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bc45162 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3bc45162\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d9db7a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d9db7a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Effects of Geogebra Instructional Package on Secondary School Students Achievement in Geometry in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/07-10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dae68ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dae68ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d2adbc6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d2adbc6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6105aeae elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6105aeae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/11-16.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"The Prevalence of Bacterial Isolates from Prostatitis Patients Using Indwelling Urinary Catheters in Healing Cross Hospital Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/11-16.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Prevalence of Bacterial Isolates from Prostatitis Patients Using Indwelling Urinary Catheters in Healing Cross Hospital Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a1aadf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a1aadf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ogwuegbu, H.O, Mbanaso, A.U, Opara-Nadi, N., Nwokorie, C.C. and Irogbeyi, L.A. &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 11-16<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10b1a565 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"10b1a565\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"280077669\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776691\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776691\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2800776691\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776692\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776692\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2800776692\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776693\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776693\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2800776693\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776694\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776694\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2800776694\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776695\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776695\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2800776695\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2800776691\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776691\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-152ad71e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"152ad71e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dbecca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dbecca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-627ef1f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"627ef1f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Although indwelling urinary catheterization is a medical intervention with well-defined risks. Despite these known disadvantages, urethral urinary catheterizations are frequently used without an appropriate indication such as acute urinary retention. The prevalence of Bacterial Isolates From Prostatitis patients using indwelling Urinary Catheters was carried out in Umuahia, Abia State using culture technique. 800 patients were examined for prostate specific antigens (PSA) using quantitative and qualitative tests, culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests were also done. Out of 800 patients tested for PSA test in Umuahia was 416 (52.0%) and 433 (54.1%) for quantitative and qualitative tests respectively. in Umuahia as 800 urine samples were cultured with 280(50.9%) isolates from uncatheterized patients and 210(84.0%) isolates from catheterized patient. The bacterial isolates from catheterized and uncatheterized patients were Escherichia coli 149 (30.4%), K. pneumoniae 84 (17.1%), S. aureus 105 (21.40%), S. faecalis 61 (12.4%), P. mirabilis 51 (10.4%) and P.aeruginosa 40 (8.7%). Higher bacterial loads were observed in the catheterized patient\u2019s urine than in the uncatheterized patient\u2019s urine. Ceftriaxone, Streptomycin, and Augumentine were the drugs of choice in the sensitivity tests while high antimicrobial resistant rates were observed with Ampiclox, Septrin and Amoxil. Generally, high prevalence rate of PSA and bacterial pathogens were reported in patients of higher age (50 and above years). Increase in age, low socio-economic status and poor environment dwellers were found as demographic risk in aggravating the chance of getting prostatitis in the research areas. This calls for awareness, diagnosis and proper medical checks for men of 50 years and above. This medical check will prevent the chance of developing prostatitis and other complications that may lead to infertility and inability to urinate.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 11-16<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 18 March 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2800776692\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776692\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-ffcbc9e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ffcbc9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34c3ee0e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"34c3ee0e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-383a36e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"383a36e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><strong>Ogwuegbu, H.O<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Abia State University Uturu, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mbanaso, A.U<\/strong><br \/>Department of Medicine, Abia State University Uturu, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>, Opara-Nadi, N.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Abia State University Uturu, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwokorie, C.C.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Abia State University Uturu, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Irogbeyi, L.A.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Pharmacology, Abia State University Uturu, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2800776693\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776693\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-215cd541 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"215cd541\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-544dfb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"544dfb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7086cb4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7086cb4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Cappuccino, J.G. &amp; Sherman, N. (2014). Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual 10th Edition, USA. Pearson Education.<br \/>[2]. Cheng-Ching, W.U., Hung, Y.U., Chao-Ping, W.S. &amp; Li-Fen L. U. (2015). Evaluation of a rapid quantitative determination method of PSA concentration with gold immunochromagraphic strips. Journal of Bio-Medical Central., 3:55-109.<br \/>[3]. Kalpana, R. (2016). Microorganisms and male infertility: possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research., 20:41-52.<br \/>[4]. Kolawole, A.S., Kolawele, O.M., Kandaki-Oluremi, Y.T., Babantunde, S.K. &amp; Darowade, K.A. (2009). Urinary tract infections (UTI) among patients attending Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences., 1(5): 163-167.<br \/>[5]. Ku, J.H. (2005). Epidemiology risk factors for chronic prostatitis. International journal of Andrology., 28: 317-327.<br \/>[6]. Nickel, J.C. (2003)a. Classification and diagnosis of prostatitis: a gold standard? Journal of Andrologia., 35(3): 160-167.<br \/>[7]. Nickel, J.C. (2003)b. Clinical evaluation of the patient presenting with prostatitis. European Journal of Urology., 2(2): 11014.<br \/>[8]. Nicole, L.F. (2008). The prevention of Hospital acquired urinary tract infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases., 15(46): 251-253.<br \/>[9]. Ogwuegbu, H.O., Nwaugo, V.O., Uranta, D.M., Nwokorie, C.C. and Alaedu, A.O. (2018). Microorganisms Associated with Prostatitis Using indwelling Urinary catheters in Okigwe Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology., 3(3): 83-88.<br \/>[10]. Sharp, V.J., Takacs, E.B., &amp; Powell, C.R. (2010). Prostatitis: diagnosis and treatment. Journal of American Physician., 82: 397-406.<br \/>[11]. Stam, W.E. (2000). Catheter\u2013associated urinary tract infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. American Journal of Medicine., 91:1328-1334.<br \/>[12]. Stamm W.E. &amp; Hooton T.M. (2003). Management of UTI in adult. England Journal of medicines., 329: 1328-1334<br \/>[13]. Tain, P.J., Parada P. &amp; Smith L.G. (2000). Overuse of the indwelling urinary tract catheter in hospitalized medical patients. Journal of international medicine., 155 (13): 1425-1429.<br \/>[14]. Vasudevan, R. (2014). Urinary tract infection. An overview of the infection and associated risk factors. Journal of Microbiology., (2): 10-15.<br \/>[15]. Warren, W. (2005). Catheter-associated urinary tract infection. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents., 17:299-303.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2800776694\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776694\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-47aa482d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47aa482d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fb874d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5fb874d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ba9a88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ba9a88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ogwuegbu, H.O, Mbanaso, A.U, Opara-Nadi, N., Nwokorie, C.C. and Irogbeyi, L.A. &#8220;The Prevalence of Bacterial Isolates from Prostatitis Patients Using Indwelling Urinary Catheters in Healing Cross Hospital Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.11-16 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/11-16.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2800776695\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2800776695\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6b4c8144 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b4c8144\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13029256 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13029256\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53a18473 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53a18473\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"The Prevalence of Bacterial Isolates from Prostatitis Patients Using Indwelling Urinary Catheters in Healing Cross Hospital Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/11-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1320fca7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1320fca7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27ad891a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27ad891a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c2a7622 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"4c2a7622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/17-18.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Impact of Outsourcing Jobs on Local Economics\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/17-18.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tImpact of Outsourcing Jobs on Local Economics\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26ed9124 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26ed9124\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Laveena Yadav, Hitesh Khandelwal &#8211;\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>March 2019 <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 17-18<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c22b086 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"7c22b086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"2082648198\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481981\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481981\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20826481981\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481982\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481982\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20826481982\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481983\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481983\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20826481983\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481984\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481984\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20826481984\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481985\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481985\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20826481985\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20826481981\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481981\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-578c3f97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"578c3f97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dd08cff e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5dd08cff\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8b1ae2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8b1ae2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>In this paper, I analysis theoretically impact of Outsourcing on employment. I do it by viewing the literature reviews about the subject, in order to answer \u201cwhat is the impact of outsourcing on employment\u201d. Outsourcing found to reduce employment, but the impact varies according to measurement criteria. Outsourcing widens the gap between skilled and unskilled labor.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 17-18<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 18 March 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20826481982\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481982\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6e2d9f5e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6e2d9f5e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29f07380 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29f07380\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e1157cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e1157cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Laveena Yadav<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, LIET, Alwar, Rajasthan, India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hitesh Khandelwal<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, LIET, Alwar, Rajasthan, India<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20826481983\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481983\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5f7e6614 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f7e6614\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40cbf16e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"40cbf16e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73b1c435 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73b1c435\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Douglas Brown and Scott Wilson, \u201cThe Black Book of Outsourcing: How to Manage the Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities\u201d, ISBN 9780471718895, Wiley, 2005.<br \/>[2]. Ronan McIvor, \u201cThe Outsourcing Process: Strategies for Evaluation and Management\u201d, ISBN 9781139444583, Cambridge University Press, 2005.<br \/>[3]. Simon Domberger, \u201cThe Contracting Organization: A Strategic Guide to Outsourcing: A Strategic Guide to Outsourcing\u201d, ISBN 9780191525070, OUP Oxford, 1998.<br \/>[4]. L.B. Brown, \u201cOutsourcing at LSU: an interview with Stanley Wilder\u201d, Library Administration &amp; Management, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 4\u20106, 1998.<br \/>[5]. C. Fill and E. Visser, \u201cThe outsourcing dilemma: a composite approach to the make or buy decision\u201d, Management Decision, Vol. 38 No. 1, 2000.<br \/>[6]. R. McIvor, \u201cA practical framework for understanding the outsourcing process\u201d, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 5 Issue: 1, pp. 22-36, 2000.<br \/>[7]. Z. Zhu, K. Hsu and J. Lillie, \u201cOutsourcing \u2013 a strategic move: the process and the ingredients for success\u201d, Management Decision, Vol. 39 Issue: 5, pp. 373-378, 2001.<br \/>[8]. M. Borman, \u201cIdentifying the factors motivating and shaping co-sourcing in the financial services sector\u201d, Journal of Information Technology Management, vol. 17(3), pp. 12-25, 2006.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20826481984\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481984\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3790c17a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3790c17a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b31881 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b31881\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64a64317 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64a64317\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Laveena Yadav, Hitesh Khandelwal &#8220;Impact of Outsourcing Jobs on Local Economics&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.17-18 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/17-18.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20826481985\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20826481985\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-22fc2b21 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"22fc2b21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fec8001 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6fec8001\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73ee5cb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73ee5cb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Impact of Outsourcing Jobs on Local Economics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/17-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b9f9907 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4b9f9907\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-421e34d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"421e34d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de40f6e elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"5de40f6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/19-27.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"On the New Approach to Calculating Equilibrium Constants in Chemical Reactions\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/19-27.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOn the New Approach to Calculating Equilibrium Constants in Chemical Reactions\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66a168dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66a168dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tonye K. Jack\u00a0 &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019 <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 19-27<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a0ae989 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"5a0ae989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1510664585\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645851\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645851\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15106645851\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645852\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645852\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15106645852\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645853\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645853\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15106645853\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645854\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645854\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15106645854\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645855\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645855\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15106645855\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15106645851\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645851\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-2a43e63 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2a43e63\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47469806 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47469806\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54d6c724 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54d6c724\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Natarajan suggested and successfully applied the regressed model equation form, LnK<sub>P<\/sub>=aLn(10)+bLnT+c\/T with a reported deviation of less than 5-percent from the JANAF Thermo-chemical Tables data, to predict the equilibrium constants in terms of pressure and mole concentrations of certain chemical species in chemical reactions, presented in tabular forms, for units in, atm, and mol\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>, respectively. The attraction of the Natarajan model is the reduced uncertainties, and flexibility of computationally handling and presenting, in an easily analysable way, scaled thermo-chemical dataset, in possible selectivity control applications for real-time transaction response smart chemical sensors (RTTR-SCS). However, some important probable species in high temperature range, 1000 -to- 6000 K, combustion reactions such as, HCO, HO<sub>2<\/sub>, HNCO, NCN, NCO, NNH, and OH, were not considered in the Natarajan Tables. This contribution is an extension, and addition to the Natarajan Tables based on regressed data obtained from JANAF 1971 and 1998 Tables. There is indication from analysis, that at JANAF Tables, Log K<sub>P<\/sub>, breakaway negative -to- positive sign (or vice versa) transition points, the prediction uncertainties are higher, which hints possibly at temperature validity and avoidance limits in applications.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 19-27<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 19 March 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15106645852\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645852\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5acb4f45 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5acb4f45\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48663ad0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48663ad0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5326afa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5326afa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tonye K. Jack<\/strong><br \/>Seltrolene Consulting, Port Harcourt, 50004, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15106645853\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645853\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-12639a16 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"12639a16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a21952 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3a21952\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67bce7ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67bce7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Stull, D. R., and Prophet, H. (1971). JANAF Thermochemical Tables. US National Standard Reference Data System, National Bureau of Standard, NSRDS-NBS 37.<br \/>[2]. Benson, S. W., Golden, D. M., Lawrence, R. W., Shaw, R., and Woolfolk, R. W., (August 1975). Estimating the Kinetics of Combustion including Reactions involving Oxides of Nitrogen and Sulfur. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), EPA-600\/2-75-019, 35-36.<br \/>[3]. Pitsch, H. (2014). Thermodynamics, Flame Temperature and Equilibrium. CEFRC Combustion Summer School, Institut f\u00fcr Technische Verbrennung, RWTH Aachen University. Available Online: https:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/cefrc\/files\/2014\/LectureNotes\/Pitsch\/Lecture2_Thermodynamics_2014.pdf. Last Accessed: December 6, 2018.<br \/>[4]. Peter, N., (2010). Combustion Theory. CEFRC Combustion Summer School, RWTH Aachen University. Available: https:\/\/www.itv.rwth-aachen.de\/fileadmin\/Downloads\/Summerschools\/Peters_summerschool_reference.pdf. Last Accessed: December 6, 2018.<br \/>[5]. Flagan, R. C., (1988). Fundamentals of Air Pollution Engineering, Prentice Hall.<br \/>[6]. Wilson, Wm. E., Jr., (1972). A Critical Review of the Gas-Phase Reaction Kinetics of the Hydroxyl Radical. Journal of Phy. Chem. Ref Data, 1, 2, 535-554.<br \/>[7]. Natarajan, K., (2015). Computing Equilibrium Constants of Chemical Reactions \u2013 A New Approach. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 7, 5, 2361-2367.<br \/>[8]. McKetta, J. J., Jr., (1999). Z-Factor (Gas Compressibility)-Errors to Zone Refining. Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, Vol. 68.<br \/>[9]. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Equilibrium_constant&amp;oldid=837511084. Last Accessed: May 8, 2018.<br \/>[10]. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Reaction_quotient&amp;oldid=836002499. Last Accessed: May 8, 2018.<br \/>[11]. Thermodynamic Notes, http:\/\/www.geol.ucsb.edu\/faculty\/hacker\/ geo124T\/lecture.html. Last Accessed: May 21, 2018.<br \/>[12]. Chase, M. W., Jr., (ed.) (1998). NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables. US National Standard Reference Data System<br \/>[13]. https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/science\/chemistry\/periodic-table\/periodic-table-trends-bonding\/v\/electron-affinity.<br \/>[14]. Jack, T. K., (2018). NOx Formation and Control: On Thermochemistry of NNH. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 11, 8, 98-107.<br \/>[15]. Burcat, A., and Ruscic, B. (September 2005). Third Millennium Ideal Gas and Condensed Phase Thermochemical Database for Combustion with Updates from Active Thermochemical Tables. Argonne National Laboratory and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Joint Report ANL-05\/20, TAE 960.<br \/>[16]. McBride, B. J., Gordon, S., and Reno, M. A. (February 2001). Thermodynamic Data of Fifty Reference Elements. NASA Technical Paper 3287\/REV1. Available: http:\/\/www.grc.nasa.gov\/<br \/>[17]. Bortner, M. H., (May 1969). A Review of Rate Constants of Selected Reactions of Interest in Re-Entry Flow Fields in the Atmosphere. US National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Technical Note 484, 1-65.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15106645854\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645854\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6cca6c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6cca6c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-132c38e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"132c38e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13af131c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13af131c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tabs-section\"><div class=\"tab-content\"><div id=\"tab-49\" class=\"tab-pane fade active in\"><p><strong>Tonye K. Jack &#8220;On the New Approach to Calculating Equilibrium Constants in Chemical Reactions&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.19-27 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/19-27.pdf<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15106645855\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15106645855\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2fce5ed2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2fce5ed2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d8e41c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d8e41c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e63b2ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e63b2ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"On the New Approach to Calculating Equilibrium Constants in Chemical Reactions\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/19-27.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11cb4cc4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"11cb4cc4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d3a66d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"22d3a66d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bb8843c elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1bb8843c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/28-32.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Effect of Dyeing Parameters on Color Strength of Viscose Rayon and Polyester Blended Fabric\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/28-32.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEffect of Dyeing Parameters on Color Strength of Viscose Rayon and Polyester Blended Fabric\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14108d87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14108d87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Md. Abu Bakar Siddiquee, Md. Zahid Hasan, Md. Kamruzzaman &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019 &#8211; <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 28-32<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd06b e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"8dd06b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"9293931\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-92939311\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-92939311\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-92939311\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-92939312\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-92939312\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-92939312\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-92939313\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-92939313\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-92939313\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-92939314\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-92939314\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-92939314\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-92939315\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-92939315\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-92939315\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-92939311\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-92939311\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-bdd0d8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bdd0d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5130a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5130a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b8dbff4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b8dbff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Color strength is dominating fact which determine the quality of dyed fabrics and it depends on different dyeing parameters like as temperature, salt, alkali, dye %. Effect of dyeing process parameters on color strength of rayon polyester blended fabric was studied in this research. By varying temperature, pH, dispersing agent, salt and soda the color strength of dyed fabric were investigated. Solid dyeing effect was developed by dyeing both part of blended fabric. Dyeing of polyester part was recommended with temperature 130\u00b0C depending on color strength value. Highest color strength value was observed for dyeing with reactive dyes at temperature 70-80\u00b0C using salt 60-80 g\/l and soda 15-25 g\/l. Different types of soda and alkali were used for dyeing of rayon part and measure their effect on color strength.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 28-32<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 29 March 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-92939312\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-92939312\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7516f743 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7516f743\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-626c2d33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"626c2d33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3794e89b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3794e89b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Abu Bakar Siddiquee<\/strong><br \/>Department of Textile Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Zahid Hasan<\/strong><br \/>Department of Knitwear Manufacturing &amp; Technology, BGMEA University of Fashion &amp; Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Kamruzzaman<\/strong><br \/>Department of Textile Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-92939313\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-92939313\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6fc0c895 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6fc0c895\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-986cd2d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"986cd2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ad22145 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ad22145\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Broadbent, A. D. (2001). Basic principles of textile coloration.<br \/>[2]. Shahid, M. A., Hossain, M. I., Hossain, D., &amp; Ali, A. (2016). Effect of different dyeing parameters on color strength &amp; fastness properties of cotton-elastane (ce) and lyocell-elastane (le) knit fabric. International Journal of Textile Science, 5(1), 1-7.<br \/>[3]. Ahmed, N. S. (2005). The use of sodium edate in the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes. Dyes and Pigments, 65(3), 221-225.<br \/>[4]. Mohamed, F. A., &amp; Mohareb, R. M. (2014). Synthesis and Application of Novel Reactive Disperse Dye Based on Tetrahydrobenzo [b] Thiophene Moiety. Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 18(3), 28-34.<br \/>[5]. Clark, M. (Ed.). (2011). Handbook of textile and industrial dyeing: principles, processes and types of dyes. Elsevier.<br \/>[6]. Shaikh, T., Chaudhari, S., &amp; Varma, A. (2012). Viscose rayon: a legendary development in the man made textile. International Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 2(5), 675-680.<br \/>[7]. Goswami, B. C., Martindale, J. G., &amp; Scardino, F. L. (1977). Textile yarns; Technology, stracture, and applications.<br \/>[8]. Di, Y., Long, G., Zhang, H., &amp; Li, Q. (2011). Preparation and properties of viscose rayon\/o-carboxymethyl chitosan antibacterial fibers. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 6(3), 155892501100600305.<br \/>[9]. Bairagi, N., Gulrajani, M. L., Deopura, B. L., &amp; Shrivastava, A. (2005). Dyeing of N\u2010modified viscose rayon fibres with reactive dyes. Coloration technology, 121(3), 113-120.<br \/>[10]. Hearle, J. W., &amp; Morton, W. E. (2008). Physical properties of textile fibres. Elsevier.<br \/>[11]. Burkinshaw, S. M. (1995). Chemical principles of synthetic fibre dyeing. Springer Science &amp; Business Media.<br \/>[12]. Shaikh, T., Chaudhari, S., &amp; Varma, A. (2012). Viscose rayon: a legendary development in the manmade textile. International Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 2(5), 675-680.<br \/>[13]. Hossain, I., Hossain, A., &amp; Choudhury, I. A. (2015). Color strength modeling of viscose\/Lycra blended fabrics using a fuzzy logic approach. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 10(1), 155892501501000117.<br \/>[14]. Hossain, I., Hossain, A., &amp; Choudhury, I. A. (2015). Color strength modeling of viscose\/Lycra blended fabrics using a fuzzy logic approach. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 10(1), 155892501501000117.<br \/>[15]. Hossain, I., Hossain, A., &amp; Choudhury, I. A. (2016). Dyeing process parameters optimisation and colour strength prediction for viscose\/lycra blended knitted fabrics using Taguchi method. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 107(2), 154-164.<br \/>[16]. Shahid, M. A., Hossain, M. I., Hossain, D., &amp; Ali, A. (2016). Effect of different dyeing parameters on color strength &amp; fastness properties of cotton-elastane (ce) and lyocell-elastane (le) knit fabric. International Journal of Textile Science, 5(1), 1-7.<br \/>[17]. Gun, A. D., &amp; Tiber, B. (2011). Color, color fastness and abrasion properties of 50\/50 bamboo\/cotton blended plain knitted fabrics in three different stitch lengths. Textile research journal, 81(18), 1903-1915.<br \/>[18]. Hossain, I., Hossain, A., &amp; Choudhury, I. A. (2016). Dyeing process parameters optimisation and colour strength prediction for viscose\/lycra blended knitted fabrics using Taguchi method. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 107(2), 154-164.<br \/>[19]. Oliveria, F. R., De Oliveira, D. A. J., Steffens, F., do Nascimento, J. H. O., e Silva, K. K. O., &amp; Souto, A. P. (2017). Dyeing of cotton and polyester blended fabric previously cationized with synthetic and natural polyelectrolytes. Procedia engineering, 200, 309-316.<br \/>[20]. SH, E. Dyeing of Wool\/Nylon Blend Fabric with Camphor Plant After Bio-Treatment with Brewers&#8217; Yeast Suspension.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-92939314\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-92939314\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-54433245 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"54433245\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4966a7ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4966a7ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72952d33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72952d33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Md. Abu Bakar Siddiquee, Md. Zahid Hasan, Md. Kamruzzaman &#8220;Effect of Dyeing Parameters on Color Strength of Viscose Rayon and Polyester Blended Fabric &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.28-32 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/28-32.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-92939315\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-92939315\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-467d936 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"467d936\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bdf101e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7bdf101e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66388707 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66388707\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Effect of Dyeing Parameters on Color Strength of Viscose Rayon and Polyester Blended Fabric \" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/28-32.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976acf7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"976acf7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f6b913 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f6b913\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0237af5 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"0237af5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/33-36.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Accelerated Curing of Concrete Cubes Using Warm Water\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/33-36.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAccelerated Curing of Concrete Cubes Using Warm Water\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-441a1af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"441a1af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ozioko H. O. and Ohazurike E. E.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>March 2019\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 33-36<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f10a29 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"0f10a29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"15796777\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-157967771\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-157967771\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-157967771\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-157967772\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-157967772\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-157967772\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-157967773\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-157967773\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-157967773\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-157967774\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-157967774\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-157967774\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-157967775\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-157967775\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-157967775\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-157967771\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-157967771\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-5868fe2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5868fe2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104f388 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"104f388\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e58862 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e58862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This research focuses on the use of accelerated curing of concrete by means of warm water at 35\u00b0C. The experiment was checked regularly to maintain same temperature all through thetime of heating.The workability and compressive strength properties of the concrete produced from mix ratio 1:2:4 have been ascertained. Compressive strength test on the hardened concrete at 7,14,21 and 28 days were as well obtained. From the results, the value obtained for the slump test corresponds to the design range of 25mm-100mm. The slump increased from 60mm in sample A to 65mm in samples B and C and then decreased to 50mm in samples D and E this can be associated with the variation in temperature as well as hydration. Furthermore, the hardened concrete was found to have lost some weight after curing, this is because weight loss is accompanied by strength gain. A relationship between the concrete cubes cured under 1-day in the accelerated condition and normal concrete at 28 days was established so that the 28-day strength can be predicted from the accelerated. The relationship has been found mathematically as: R28 = Ra [0.8026 \u00b1 0.0001] -1. Where R28 = 28-day strength andRa = accelerated strength. Optimal temperatures used in this research work is 35 \u00b1 2\u00b0C. The 35\u00b0C used is optimal and help the hydration products, calcium silicate hydrates to settle suitably. Problem of possible compressive strength losses due to induced thermal stresses were taken care of by allowing a delay period equivalently equal to the initial setting time to elapse, so that concrete gained some tensile strength before curing commenced.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 33-36<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 04 April 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-157967772\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-157967772\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-ab4bcdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ab4bcdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-595aa95 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"595aa95\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b69e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b69e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ozioko H. O.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Civil Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ohazurike E. E.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Civil Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-157967773\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-157967773\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e53bd56 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e53bd56\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfed54a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bfed54a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-943ec79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"943ec79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Reference are not available.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-157967774\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-157967774\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7a8818a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a8818a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a98cc08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a98cc08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4843e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4843e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ozioko H. O. and Ohazurike E. E.&#8221;Accelerated Curing of Concrete Cubes Using Warm Water &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.33-36 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/33-36.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-157967775\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-157967775\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3cf7ac8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3cf7ac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7631e9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7631e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09a5b72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09a5b72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Accelerated Curing of Concrete Cubes Using Warm Water \" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/33-36.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62e8c77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"62e8c77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cebbb4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cebbb4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d54b80f elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"d54b80f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/37-40.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Development of an Emulsion Paint from Polyvinyl Acetate\/Soybeans Oil Copolymer Binder\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/37-40.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDevelopment of an Emulsion Paint from Polyvinyl Acetate\/Soybeans Oil Copolymer Binder\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-342a025 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"342a025\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lawal N.M, Osemeahon S.A, Boryo D.E.A, Joel Ogboji, Barambu A.U\u00a0 &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 37-40<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba3328b e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"ba3328b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"195244683\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446831\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446831\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1952446831\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446832\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446832\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1952446832\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446833\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446833\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1952446833\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446834\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446834\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1952446834\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446835\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446835\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1952446835\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1952446831\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446831\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-02251b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"02251b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d9989e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d9989e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbcc9b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cbcc9b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>In this research work, formulation of emulsion paint from pure polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and polyvinyl acetate\/soybeans oil (SBO) copolymer (PVA\/SBO) resins (binder) was successfully carried out from 0 to 35 % concentrations. However, properties such as viscosity increases from (0.92 to 2.7 m2\/s), density also decreases from (1.28 to 1.06 g\/cm3), pH, flexibility, tackiness, stability and drying time, adhesion, resistance to blistering and chemical resistance of the formulated and commercial paint was carried out which shows encouraging (good) results. The results obtained when compared with the values of the commercial paint are within the acceptable level in the coating industry. The results have demonstrated the development of emulsion paint from PVA\/SBO resin, this emulsion paint when fully harnessed will reduce the over dependence on the synthetic oil based paints and hence a reduction in volatile organic compounds (VOC) emission into our environment which will in turn provide a healthier environment.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 37-40<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 06 April 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1952446832\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446832\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-83e3f40 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"83e3f40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebc6f34 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ebc6f34\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b510a9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b510a9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lawal N.M<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Osemeahon S.A<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Boryo D.E.A<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joel Ogboji<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Barambu A.U<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1952446833\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446833\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-369aecd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"369aecd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0668ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a0668ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-875b175 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"875b175\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Akinterinwa A, Osemeahon S.A, I.I Nkafamiya, and P.M Dass, (2015). Formulation of Emulsion Paint from Copolymer composite of Dimethylol Urea\/polystyrene, International Journal of chemical and processing Engineering Research7 (7): 20-26. www.iiste.org2015.<br \/>[2]. Boryo D.E.A and Ezeribe A.I (2011). The principles and production processes of some chemical industries New Era production, Bauchi Nigeria 1st ed. Pp 67-88.<br \/>[3]. Osemeahon, S.A., and Barminas J.T., (2007). Study of Composite from reactive Blending of Methylol Urea Resin with Natural Rubber. African Journal of Biotechnology.6(6):810-817.<br \/>[4]. Osemeahon, S.A., A.J. Hotton, and F.G Fadawa. (2013). Development of Mosquito repellant Emulsion Paint f I: Effect from Neem Seed Oil. The international Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry.2(3):641-650.<br \/>[5]. SON, (1990). Standard for paint and Varnish Part 6: Test Method for Paints for Decoration Purpose. Pg. 1-24.<br \/>[6]. Surajudeen Abdulsalam, Zebulu Dauma Maiwada. (2015). Production of Emulsion House Paint using Polyvinyl Acetate and Gum Arabic as Binder. International Journal of Material Science and Applications.4, No. 5, pp. 350-353.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1952446834\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446834\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-66ced08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"66ced08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70e63d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70e63d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbba59b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cbba59b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lawal N.M, Osemeahon S.A, Boryo D.E.A, Joel Ogboji, Barambu A.U &#8220;Development of an Emulsion Paint from Polyvinyl Acetate\/Soybeans Oil Copolymer Binder&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.37-40 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/37-40.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1952446835\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1952446835\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-99a3464 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"99a3464\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f005eb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f005eb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9396fdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9396fdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Development of an Emulsion Paint from Polyvinyl Acetate\/Soybeans Oil Copolymer Binder\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/37-40.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-151347b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"151347b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-412e2b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"412e2b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a16bd3e elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"a16bd3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/41-48.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Evaluation of Spontaneously Fermenting Soybean Daddawa Microbiota\u2019s Potential for Starter Culture Application\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/41-48.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEvaluation of Spontaneously Fermenting Soybean Daddawa Microbiota\u2019s Potential for Starter Culture Application\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ad7da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35ad7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Adelodun L. Kolapo, Temitope O.S. Popoola, Oluwatoyin R. Afolabi, Olusegun O. Atanda and Flora Oluwafemi &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 41-48<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb46a05 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"bb46a05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"196372997\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729971\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729971\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1963729971\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729972\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729972\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1963729972\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729973\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729973\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1963729973\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729974\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729974\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1963729974\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729975\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729975\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1963729975\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1963729971\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729971\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-8a1fd40 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8a1fd40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dbaaab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6dbaaab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aba78e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aba78e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The traditional aroma of soybean daddawa has not been perfectly replicated through controlled fermentation which made use of only Bacillus species. The present study therefore focused on selection of suitable starter cultures for the controlled fermentation of soybean daddawa with primary focus on using Bacillus species, heterofermentative Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Staphylococcus strains. The effect of mono and mixed starter cultures on the sensorial qualities of the produced soybean daddawa was also evaluated. A total of sixty-six bacteria strains isolated from spontaneously fermented soybean daddawa obtained from four sites were evaluated for their amylolytic, proteolytic, heterofermentation and coagulase activities. Based on the result of the screening exercise Bacillus subtilis LB3, Staphylococcus xylosus SAU3 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp cremoris LAB5 were selected for controlled fermentation studies. The result of the antagonistic test between the selected microorganisms showed that the microorganisms were not antagonistic to one another. The enzyme profiles of the selected organisms indicated wide arrays of eleven enzymes. Prominent among these werealkaline and acid phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, trypsin, Naphthol-AS-B1-phosphohydrolase, valine arylamidase, \u03b1-chymotrypsin and \u03b1-glucosidase and \u03b2-galactosidase activities. The overall acceptability of soybean daddawa produced using the three starter bacteria was rated next best to naturally fermented soybean daddawa. This holds a great promise for subsequent industrialization of soybean daddawa production as natural fermentation of soybean daddawa is now nearly replicated in a controlled setting.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 41-48<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 06 April 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1963729972\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729972\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-dc2a323 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc2a323\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2651e0a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2651e0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34c5699 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34c5699\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adelodun L. Kolapo<\/strong><br \/>Biological Sciences Department, Augustine University, Ilara-Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Temitope O.S. Popoola<\/strong><br \/>Microbiology Department, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwatoyin R. Afolabi<\/strong><br \/>Microbiology Department, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olusegun O. Atanda<\/strong><br \/>Department of Biological Sciences (Microbiology Unit), McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, P.M.B. 2094, Sapon, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Flora Oluwafemi<\/strong><br \/>Microbiology Department, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1963729973\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729973\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6164d2e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6164d2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b31f33c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b31f33c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f037d04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f037d04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Achi, O..K. (2005a). Traditional fermented protein condiments in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology.4(13):1612-1621<br \/>[2]. Achi, O.K. (2005b). The upgrading of traditional fermented foods through biotechnology. African Journal of Biotechnology.4:375-30<br \/>[3]. Adedeji, B.S., Ezeokolib O.T., Ezekiel C. N., Obadinaa, A.O, Somorin Y.M. Sulyokd, M, Adelekeb, R.A., Warth B., Nwangburukah, C.C. Omemui, A.M., Oyewolea, O.B. and Krska R. (2017). Bacterial species and mycotoxin contamination associated with locust bean,melon and their fermented products in south-western Nigeria. International Journal of Food Microbiology 258: 73\u201380<br \/>[4]. Afolabi F. T. and Abdulkadir M. 2016 Biochemical Changes and Sensory Evaluation of Soy Iru Produced Using Starter Culture. British Microbiology Research Journal 14(6): 1-10<br \/>[5]. Antai, S.P. and Ibrahim, M.H. (1986). Microorganism associated with African Locust Bean (Parkia filicoidea Welw.) Fermentation for `Dawadawa\u2019 production. Journal of.Applied Bacteriology. 61: 145-148.<br \/>[6]. Campbell-Platt, G. (1980). African locust bean (Parkia species) and its West African fermented food products, Dawadawa. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 9:123-132<br \/>[7]. Dakwa S; Sakyi-Dawson, E; Diako C.; Annan, N.T.; Amoa-Awua, W.K. (2005). Effect of boiling and roasting on the fermentation of soybeans into dawadawa (soy- dawadawa). International Journal of Food Microbiology 104:69-82<br \/>[8]. Edema , M.O. and Fawole, O. 2006. Evaluation and Optimization of Critical Control Points in the Production of Iru. Research Journal of Microbiology 1(6): 503-511<br \/>[9]. Harrigan, W.F and McCance, M.E. (1976). Laboratory Methods in Food and Dairy Microbiology. Academic Press, London, UK, pp452<br \/>[10]. Holzapfel, W.H. (2002). Appropriate starter technologies for small scale fermentation in developing countries. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 78:119-131<br \/>[11]. 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Journal of Applied. Bacteriology 65:353-356<br \/>[21]. Okorie C.P. and Olasupo N. A. (2013) Controlled fermentation and preservation of UGBA \u2013an indigenous Nigerian fermented food. SpringerPlus 2:470.<br \/>[22]. Omafuvbe B.O, Shonukan, O.O. and Abiose, S.H. (2000). Microbiological and Biochemical changes in the traditional fermentation of soybean daddawa \u2013 a Nigerian Food Condiment. Food Microbiology 17, 469-474.<br \/>[23]. Omafuvbe B.O, Shonukan, O.O. and Abiose, S.H. (2002).Fermentation of Soybean (Glycine max) for soy- daddawa production by Starter cutures of Bacillus. Food Microbiology 19, 561-566.<br \/>[24]. Ouoba, L.I.I; Rchinger, K.B.; Barkholt, V.; Diawara, B.; Traore, A.S and Jakobsen, M. (2003). Degradation of proteins during the fermentation of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) by strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumulus for the production of Soumbala. Journal of Applied Microbiology 94: 396-402<br \/>[25]. Owens, J.D.; Allagheny,N.; Kipping, G. and Ames, J.M. 1997. Formation of Volatiles compounds during Bacillus subtilis fermentation of soybeans. Journal of Science, Food and Agriculture. 74:132-140<br \/>[26]. Popoola, T.O.S and Akueshi, C.O (1985). Microorganisms associated with the fermentation of soybean for the production of Soybean `Daddawa\u2019 (A condiment). Nigeria Food Journal. 2: 194-196<br \/>[27]. Popoola, T.O.S.; Jolaoso, A.A.; Afolabi, R.O.and Akintokun, A.K. (2006). Microbiological studies on the production of Oso: A condiment made from fermenting seeds of Cathormion altissimum. Journals of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal plants. 12(1\/2):129-138<br \/>[28]. Sanni, A.I., Ogbonna, D.N., (1990). The production of owoh- a Nigerian fermented seasoning agent from cotton seed (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Food Microbology. 8: 23\u2013 229.<br \/>[29]. Sarkar, P.K.; Cook, P.E. and Owens, J.C 1993. Bacillus Fermentation of Soybean. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.9: 295-299<br \/>[30]. Sarkar, P.K.(2000). Kinema: microbiological and biochemical changes accompanying fermentation. 11th World Congress of Food Science and Technology: Proceedings of Pre-Congress Internet Conference, May 8-Dec 31. Seoul, Korea. P. 75-76<br \/>[31]. Skerman, V.B.D (1967). A guide to the Identification of Genera. Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore.<br \/>[32]. Suberu, H.A. &amp;Akinyanju, J.A (1996). Starter culture for the production of Soyiru. World Journal. Of Microbiology and Biotechnology12 :403-404<br \/>[33]. Szczesna, M. and Galas, E. (2000). Protein hydrolysis by immobilized Bacillus subtiliscells. In Foods Biotechnology ed. Bielecki, S.,Tramper, J. and Polak, J. pp. 177\u2013185. Amsterdam: Elsevier.<br \/>[34]. Vuillemard, J.C.; Amiot, J. and Gauthier, S. (1985). Evaluation de lactivite\u00b4 proteolytique des bacte\u00b4ries par une technique de diffusion sur plaque. Microbiologie\u2013Aliments\u2013Nutrition 3, 327\u2013332.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1963729974\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729974\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-66bc4a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"66bc4a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efd25cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"efd25cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11e4d13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11e4d13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Adelodun L. Kolapo, Temitope O.S. Popoola, Oluwatoyin R. Afolabi, Olusegun O. Atanda and Flora Oluwafemi &#8220;Evaluation of Spontaneously Fermenting Soybean Daddawa Microbiota\u2019s Potential for Starter Culture Application &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.41-48 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/41-48.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1963729975\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1963729975\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4537917 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4537917\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6d8b74 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6d8b74\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-509be9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"509be9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Evaluation of Spontaneously Fermenting Soybean Daddawa Microbiota\u2019s Potential for Starter Culture Application\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/41-48.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfaf88d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cfaf88d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73d54af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73d54af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df71ccc elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"df71ccc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/49-53.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Antiplasmodial Activity of Partially Purified Crude Pet Ether Leaf Extract of Ficus Platyphylla Del In Mice\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/49-53.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAntiplasmodial Activity of Partially Purified Crude Pet Ether Leaf Extract of Ficus Platyphylla Del In Mice\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dab4b6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dab4b6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>J. Omame and A. Y. Kabiru &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019 <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 49-53<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef3867d e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"ef3867d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"250840701\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407011\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407011\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2508407011\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407012\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407012\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2508407012\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407013\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407013\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2508407013\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407014\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407014\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2508407014\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407015\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407015\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2508407015\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2508407011\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407011\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-edfa4fb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"edfa4fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2675b44 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2675b44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efbefc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efbefc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Malaria is a leading cause of death in most developing countries. It is responsible for about 300 million clinical cases and 1-2 million deaths annually. The plant Ficus platyphylla is a deciduous plant that is used mostly in the northern part of Nigeria for the treatment of malaria and other illnesses. This study was aimed at investigating the antiplasmodial activity of partially purified leaf extract of F. platyphylla Del in mice. Safe dose determination was carried out to determine the LD50 of the plant extract. For the curative study, twenty one mice were divided into seven (7) groups with five mice in each group. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were administered 600mg\/kg body weight of each of the four fractions obtained from the partially purified leaf extract while groups 5 and 6 were administered 50mg\/kgbw of artesunate and 0.2ml Normal saline respectively. Group 7 was left untreated. Treatment continued for five days and the level of parasitemia in the blood was determined and the body weight, Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and survival time were also evaluated. Acute oral toxicity of the crude plant extract indicates safety of the plant extract at all doses tested. It was also observed from the study that all fractions show remarkable inhibitory activities against malaria parasite compared to the control groups. There was a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in the PCV of the treated groups when compared to the control. Only few of the animals in all the treated groups survived beyond day 30 of the experiment. It can be deduced that the partially purified leaf extracts of F. platyphylla possessed antiplasmodial activity thus, indicating its potential as an antimalarial.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 49-53<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 06 April 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2508407012\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407012\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-08a2bb8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08a2bb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d1687b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d1687b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ab6aa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ab6aa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>J. Omame<\/strong><br \/>National Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency, Lagos Field Office, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>A. Y. Kabiru<\/strong><br \/>Department of Biochemistry School of Life Science, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2508407013\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407013\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-afc99b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"afc99b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73f3878 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73f3878\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6f72c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6f72c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Oaks, S. C., Mitchell, VS., Pearson, GW. &amp; Pearson, CC.J., eds.. (1991) Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities (National Academy Press, Washington, DC).<br \/>[2]. Odugbemi, T. O., Akinsulire, O. R., Aibinu, IE., Fabeku, P. O. (2007). Medicinal plants useful for malaria therapy in Okeigbo, Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria. Afr, J of Tradl Compl and AlterMed. 4, 191\u2013198.<br \/>[3]. O\u2019Neill P. M., Bray P. G., Hawley S. R., Ward S. A and Park B. K., (1998). Pharmacol Ther. 77 (1), 29-58.<br \/>[4]. Jigam, A. A., and Akanya, H. O. (2007). Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antiplasmodial screening of Cochlospermum tinctorium root extracts. J. Sci. Edu. Tech. 1(1):4-8.<br \/>[5]. Basco, L. K., Mitaku, S., Skaltsounis, AL., Ravelomanaintsoa, N., Tillequin, F., Koch, M., Le Bras, J., (1994). Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 5, 1169\u20131171.<br \/>[6]. Nadembega, P., Boussim, J. I., Nikiema, J. B., Poli, F. &amp; Antognoni, F (2011). (\u201cMedicinal plants in baskoure, kourittenga province, Burkina Faso: an ethnobotanical study,\u201d Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 133, no. 2, pp. 378\u2013395.<br \/>[7]. Amos, S., Binda, L., Chindo, B., Akah, P., Abdulrahman, M., Danmallam, H. U.,&#8230; Gamaniel, K. (2001). Evaluation of methanolic extract of F. platyphylla on gastrointestinal activity. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 39:63-67.<br \/>[8]. Wakeel, O. K., Aziba, P. I., Ashorobi, R. B., Umukoro, S., Aderibigbe, A. O. &amp; Awe, E. O. (2004) \u201cNeuropharmacological activities of Ficus platyphylla stem bark in mice,\u201d African Journal of Biomedical Research, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 75\u201378.<br \/>[9]. Amos, S., Chindo, B., Edmond, I., Akah, P., Wambebe, C., Gamaniel, K. (2002). Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of F. platyphylla stem bark. Journal of Herbs Spices Medicinal Plants. 9:47-53.<br \/>[10]. Jigam, A. A., Usman, T. A., Halima, AM and Tijani, FO. (2012). Efficacy of thonningia sanguine Vahl root extract against plasmodium chabaudi, inflammation and nociception in mice. J of Appl. Pharmacol, Sci. 02 (01); 47-51.<br \/>[11]. Kabiru A. Y., Okolie N. L., Muhammad H. L., and Ogbadoyi E. O. (2012). Preliminary studies on the antiplasmodial potential of aqueous and methanol extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Asian Pacific J of Trop Disease December Supplement S809-S814.<br \/>[12]. Ogbadoyi, E. O., Akinsunbo O. A., Adama, T. Z., &amp; Okogun, J. I. (2007). In vivo trypanocidal activity of Annona senegalensis Pers. leaf extract against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. J of Ethnopharmacol 112: 85-89.<br \/>[13]. Lorke, D. (1983). A new approach to practical acute toxicity test. Arch. Toxicology. 54: 275-286.<br \/>[14]. Ogbadoyi, E. O., Garba, Mirielle. T., Kabiru, A. Y., Mann, A., Okogun, J. M. (2011). 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N., Chifundera, K., Kaminsky, R., Wright, A. D., &amp; Konig, G. M. (2002). Screening of African medicinal plants for antimalarial inhibitory activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 80: 25-35.<br \/>[19]. Ugwah- Oguejiofor, C. J., Bello, S.O., Etuk, E. U., Igbokwe, V. U., Ugwah, O. M. &amp; Okolo R. U (2011). Preliminary toxicity and phytochemical studies of the aqueous extract of ficus platyphylla in female albino rats. International research journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Vol 1 (5) pp. 086- 092.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2508407014\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407014\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-74b5a5a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74b5a5a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8d7cc9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e8d7cc9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f81996 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f81996\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>J. Omame and A. Y. Kabiru &#8220;Antiplasmodial Activity of Partially Purified Crude Pet Ether Leaf Extract of\u00a0<i>Ficus Platyphylla<\/i>\u00a0Del In Mice &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.49-53 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/49-53.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2508407015\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2508407015\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-187f7bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"187f7bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9c32dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d9c32dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9969a8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9969a8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a style=\"box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out; outline: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;\" title=\"Antiplasmodial Activity of Partially Purified Crude Pet Ether Leaf Extract of &lt;i&gt;Ficus Platyphylla&lt;\/i&gt; Del In Mice \" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/49-53.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4c897a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b4c897a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96966ad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96966ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c42371c elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"c42371c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/54-60.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Impact of Spent Petroleum Products Discharge from Generating Plant on Soil Heavy Metal Concentrations within University of Calabar, Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/54-60.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tImpact of Spent Petroleum Products Discharge from Generating Plant on Soil Heavy Metal Concentrations within University of Calabar, Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-874d2ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"874d2ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Otobong B. Iren, Victoria F. Ediene &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 54-60<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a16669 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"0a16669\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"10577513\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-105775131\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-105775131\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-105775131\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-105775132\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-105775132\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-105775132\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-105775133\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-105775133\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-105775133\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-105775134\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-105775134\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-105775134\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-105775135\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-105775135\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-105775135\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-105775131\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-105775131\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-b402a67 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b402a67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98ef8a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"98ef8a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7493a8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7493a8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The impact of spent petroleum products (diesel and engine oil) discharge from generating plant on soil properties and heavy metal concentrations within the University of Calabar, Nigeria was investigated. Twelve composite soil samples (0-30 cm) were collected from four generating plants within the University. The soil texture irrespective of sampling point was sandy loam. The soil pH ranged from 6.5 to 7.3 in all the locations. The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were more at point of discharge (POD) i.e. contaminated sites than the uncontaminated while phosphorus content was the reverse. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn ranged from 3.08 &#8211; 4.60, 216.00 &#8211; 242.75, 322.20 &#8211; 517.02, 200.67 &#8211; 284.01, 49.99 &#8211; 58.27 and 103.67 &#8211; 150.67mgkg-1 at POD, respectively. The contamination\/pollution index (MPI) classifies the soils at POD as being excessively polluted with Cd and Zn, severely polluted with Mn and Cu and moderately polluted with Pb and Fe. It is therefore recommended that the discharge of petroleum products from generating plant should be avoided in order to reduce the negative impact on the soil ecosystem and human health.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 54-60<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 07 April 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-105775132\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-105775132\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6232511 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6232511\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7938d6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7938d6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2dfe75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2dfe75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Otobong B. Iren<\/strong><br \/>Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Victoria F. Ediene<\/strong><br \/>Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-105775133\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-105775133\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7fa3b56 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7fa3b56\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94aae8b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"94aae8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-871956d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"871956d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. A. Kabata-Pendias (2010), Trace elements in soils and plants. Fourth Edition. CRC press.<br \/>[2]. E. D. Enger, B. F. Smith (2004). Environmental Science; A study of interrelationship, 9th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education, New York,<br \/>[3]. M. Kaasalainen, H. M. Yli (2003). Use of sequential extraction to assess metal partitioning in soils, Environmental pollution, 126 (2), 225-233.<br \/>[4]. J. J. D\u2019Amore, S. R. Al-Abed, K.G. Scheckel, J. A. Ryan (2005). Methods for speciation of metals in soils, Journal of environmental quality, 34 (5), 1707-1745.<br \/>[5]. C. Wu, L. Zhang (2010). Heavy metal Concentrations and their possible sources in paddy soils of a modern agricultural zone, south Eastern China, Environment Earth Science, 6, 45-56.<br \/>[6]. D. C. Adraino (2001). Trace metals in terrestrial environment, Biochemistry, bioavailability and risk of metals, Springerverlag, New York, p879.<br \/>[7]. S. Shrivastava, M. Gupta (2008). Study on petroleum products degradation by A Cinetobacter Sp and its effect on germination of Medicago Sativa. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Science, 10 (3), 487-496.<br \/>[8]. O. B. Iren, V. F. Ediene (2017). Effect of Spent Engine Oil Discharge on Soil Properties in Selected Automobile Workshop in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering &amp; Technology, 4 (2), 391-401.<br \/>[9]. C. J. Ijah, O. B. Iren, A. E. Eneji (2018). Soil Properties as Influenced by Interaction of Crude Oil pollution Levels with Plant Species in the Tropical Rain-Forest Belt, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch, 3(4), 185-205.<br \/>[10]. E. J. Udo, T.O. Ibia, J. O. Ogunwale, A.O. Ano, I. E. Esu, (2009). Manual of soil plant and water analysis. Sibon Books Ltd Lagos. p287<br \/>[11]. R. Lacatusu (2000). Appraising levels of soil contamination and pollution with heavy metals in: Heinike H. J., Eckselman, W., Thomasson, A. J., Jones, R. J. A., Montanarella, L. and Buckelley, B. (eds.). Land information systems for planning the sustainable use of land resources. European Soil Bureau Research Report No. 4 Office of Official Publication of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 393- 402.<br \/>[12]. H. Marschner (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press, p889.<br \/>[13]. B. O. Okonokhua, B. Ikhajiagbe, G. O. Anoliefo, T. C. Emede (2007). The effects of spent engine oil on soil properties and growth of maize (Zea mays L.), Journal of Applied Science, Environment and Management, 11(3), 147-152.<br \/>[14]. A. Ogboghodo, E. K. Iruaga, I. O. Osemwota, J. U. Chokor (2004). An assessment of the effects of crude oil production on soil properties, germination and growth of maize (Zea mays). using two crude types. Forcados light and Escravo Light. Environmental, Monitoring and Assessment, 96, 142-152.<br \/>[15]. H. K. Khalilova (2015). The impact of oil contamination on soil ecosystem. International Ecoenergy Academy, 133-139.<br \/>[16]. B. N. Ndukwu, E. U. Onweremadu, C. M. Ahukaemere, E. E. Ihem, U. N. Nkwopara, D. N. Osujieke (2015). Distribution and concentration of cadmium in automobile polluted soils in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria, Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, 25, 135-145.<br \/>[17]. S. B. Nangia (1991). Soil Pollution, New Delhi, Ashish Publishing House.<br \/>[18]. D. L. Rowell (1994). Soil Science Methods and Applications. Longman Scientific and Technical, Longman Group UK.<br \/>[19]. K. Asemave, B. A. Anhwange (2012). Evaluation of heavy metals in waste dumpsites. Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing ,<br \/>[20]. O. V. Akpoveta, S. A. Osakwe, (2014). Determination of Heavy metal contents in Spent Pertroleum Products. Journals of Applied Chemistry, 7 (6), 01-02.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-105775134\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-105775134\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8001db2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8001db2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a733e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f7a733e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dc7ae7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dc7ae7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Otobong B. Iren, Victoria F. Ediene &#8220;Impact of Spent Petroleum Products Discharge from Generating Plant on Soil Heavy Metal Concentrations within University of Calabar, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.54-60 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/54-60.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-105775135\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-105775135\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a4ee583 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a4ee583\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fba112 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7fba112\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ae484a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ae484a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Impact of Spent Petroleum Products Discharge from Generating Plant on Soil Heavy Metal Concentrations within University of Calabar, Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/54-60.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa3b1f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fa3b1f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24f0331 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"24f0331\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-946ba09 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"946ba09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/61-67.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Learning Style Preferences of Physiotherapy Students in the Kenya Medical Training College\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/61-67.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLearning Style Preferences of Physiotherapy Students in the Kenya Medical Training College\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85db7e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85db7e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mary Caroline Wambui Mwangi, Wangui Anthony Muchiri &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019 &#8211; <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 61-67<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3df9ae5 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"3df9ae5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"64985829\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649858291\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-649858291\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649858291\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649858292\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-649858292\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649858292\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649858293\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-649858293\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649858293\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649858294\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-649858294\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649858294\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649858295\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-649858295\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649858295\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649858291\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649858291\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-27debf3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27debf3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3ffdf9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3ffdf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30d5738 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30d5738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Educating future health care practitioners is an important role for universities. Optimal learning environments consider how students learn and utilize various teaching methods to tailor curriculum delivery to match specified student learning preferences. Individualshave a preferential focus on different types of information, the different ways of perceiving the information, and the understanding of information. The grouping of students according to a number of scales and questionnaires pertaining to the ways they receive and process information is defined as a learning style model. Learning Styles is chiefly associated with Honey and Mumford who spent a considerable amount of time on the topic and coming up with the Learning Styles questionnaire in 1982. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design. Purposive sampling was used. The study site was in the Kenya Medical Training College-Nairobi campus during the 2015\/2016 year of study. A questionnaire composed of two questionnaires by Honey and Mumford (1982) and Neil Fleming (1987) was used. Statistical Program for Social Scientists (SPSS) v.25 was used to analyze the data collected. 124 responses were acquired majority being male 58.06%. First years were the majority 37.1%. Reflectors were the bulk of the population 66.1% and pragmatists the least 7.3%. First years were majorly 73.9% Reflectors with high significance relationship between the year of study and the learning philosophy (\uab532= 4.987, df=6 P=0.002). Reflectors stood out as the majority in all the learning styles, 47% of the respondents were Reflectors and Kinesthetic learners. On VARK majority of the students applied Kinesthetic as moe of learning. A significant association between the year of study and the learning philosophies (\uab532=6.56, p&lt;0.0001 df=6). Similarly, there was a significant association between the gender of the participants and the learning styles (\uab532=3.56, p&lt;0.001 df=6). It can be recommended that the learning preferences of physiotherapy students should be verified prior to the start of their academic tasks by using the VARK questionnaire and the categorization of learning into the philosophical classes. The preferred learning styles of medical students in the present study were aural and reading\/writing styles. I would like to extend my gratitude to the students who participated in this study and completed the questionnaires<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 61-67<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 08 April 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649858292\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649858292\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-0dd4b9d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0dd4b9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95e6bb5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"95e6bb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94d93e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94d93e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mary Caroline Wambui Mwangi<\/strong><br \/>Department of Health Profession Education, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wangui Anthony Muchiri<\/strong><br \/>Department of Health Promotion and Sports Science, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649858293\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649858293\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-d3ba41a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3ba41a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d6f2e9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d6f2e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fd0854 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fd0854\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. 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Learning styles and approaches to learning among medical undergraduates and postgraduates.<br \/>[23]. Shukr, I., Zainab, R., &amp; Rana, M. H. (2013). Learning Styles of Postgraduate and Undergraduate Medical Students, 23(1), 25\u201330.<br \/>[24]. Slater JA, Lujan HL, DiCarlo SE. Does gender influence learning style preferences of first-year medical students? Advances in Physiology Education. 2007;31(4):336-42<br \/>[25]. Sywelem, Mohammed; Al-Harbi, Qassem; Fathema, Nafsaniath; Witte, J. (2012). Learning Style Preferences of Student Teachers: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Institute of Learning Styles Journal, Spring(1), 10\u201324.<br \/>[26]. Zhu, H., Zeng, H., Zhang, H., Zhang, H., Wan, F., Guo, H., &amp; Zhang, C. (2018). Original Article 30 YEARS, 31(2), 162\u2013169.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649858294\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649858294\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-73fb900 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73fb900\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5142f4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5142f4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34bdf22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34bdf22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mary Caroline Wambui Mwangi, Wangui Anthony Muchiri &#8220;Learning Style Preferences of Physiotherapy Students in the Kenya Medical Training College &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.61-67 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/61-67.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649858295\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649858295\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-ef36331 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ef36331\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fad9be e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2fad9be\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c4656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76c4656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Learning Style Preferences of Physiotherapy Students in the Kenya Medical Training College\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/61-67.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17ab578 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"17ab578\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-538db39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"538db39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-448e080 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"448e080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/68-74.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Determinants of Piggery Business in Kaduna State, Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&#038;Issue3\/68-74.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeterminants of Piggery Business in Kaduna State, Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f21ced elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f21ced\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abiyong, P. A., Bidoli, T, D and Nyiatagher, Z.T\u00a0 &#8211; <\/strong><strong>March 2019 &#8211; <\/strong><strong>Page No.: 68-74<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e55944 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"1e55944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"31807812\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-318078121\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-318078121\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-318078121\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-318078122\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-318078122\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-318078122\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-318078123\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-318078123\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-318078123\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-318078124\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-318078124\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-318078124\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-318078125\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-318078125\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-318078125\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-318078121\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-318078121\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-32bea0a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"32bea0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e60560 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e60560\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbbb3d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbbb3d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The objective of the study was to examine pig business in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Multi stage and purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting a random sample size of hundred (100) pig producers for the research. A structured questionnaire was administered on respondents for information. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequency, gross margin model and Cobb Douglas production function. The result revealed that majority (57%) of respondents involved in pig business were females.Pig business was profitable with a return per naira invested of 0.69 kobo and gross margin of N8,426.30 per pig. The t- test confirmed that pig business was profitable and significant at 1% level. Pig business operated at stage ii of the production function, indicating a decreasing return to scale with summed coefficients of 0.823. The study recommended that government should intervene through the provision of extension services and access to credit facilities.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 68-74<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 11 March 2019<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-318078122\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-318078122\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7e78531 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e78531\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d17c68e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d17c68e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b1e658 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b1e658\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abiyong, P. A.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, School of Agricultural Technology, Samaru Kataf Campus, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bidoli, T, D<\/strong><br \/>National Agricultural Extension and Liaison Services (NAERLS), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nyiatagher, Z.T<\/strong><br \/>Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-318078123\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-318078123\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3458131 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3458131\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a7df5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f7a7df5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e84f0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e84f0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. 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(2008): Soybean Utilisation among Households in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State: Implications for the &#8216;Women-in Agriculture&#8217; Extension Programme. Department of Agricultural Extension, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Virtual Library ISSN: 1118 \u20130021<br \/>[7]. Banta, A.L.; Wamagi I. T; Ayuba A.M. and Olukosi J.O (2012). Analysis of socio- economic characteristics of pigs farmers that influence sustainable development in Kaduna State, Nigeria, www.cenresinpub.org\/pub\/Dec2012\/JAVS\/Page%209-15%20_064_.pdf Retrieved 7\/03\/15<br \/>[8]. Bond, T.E. and Peterson, G. (1958). Hog Houses. Us: Dept. of Agriculture, in Kwamina, E.B., Nketsia-Tabiri, J. Anno, K. and Dagbu, K.E.(2014). Economic and Market Analysis of Swine Rearing and Pork Production in Ghana. Journal of Life Sciences8:8pp1934-7391<br \/>[9]. Dauda, M. and Ndanitsa,M.A. (2009). Economic and Analysis of Timber Production among saw mill operators in some selected LGAs of Ogun State. 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Livestock Research for Rural Development. http:\/\/cgmap.Cgiar.org\/factsheets\/2010-2012\/ILRI\/ILRI- 2\/ILRI2:++IMPROVING+MARKETING+ OPPORTUNITIES.htm Retrieved 23\/7\/2012<br \/>[28]. Phiri, R.E. (2012). Determination of socio-economic factors affecting piggery business in Balaka District, Malawi. Livestock Research for Rural Development 24(8) 2012<br \/>[29]. Timer, C.P. (1970). On Measuring of Technical Efficiency. Food Research Institute Studies, 9(2):100-171<br \/>[30]. Vicente R.E., Manuel S.R., Ant\u00f3n G. and Gustavo A.G.C., 2010. Feed conversion rate and estimated energy balance of free grazing Iberian pigs. Elsevier livestock science 132, p 152-156<br \/>[31]. Umeh, J.C., Ogbanje, C. and Adejo, M.A. (2015). Technical Analysis of Pig Production: A Sustainable Animal Protein Augmentation for Nigerians. Journal of Advanced Technologies.2 (1): 19-24<br \/>[32]. World Data Atlas (2012). African Growth and Development Policy. www.agrodep.org.content. Retrieved 12\/08\/2018<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-318078124\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-318078124\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c047c95 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c047c95\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edc0ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3edc0ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-526c475 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"526c475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abiyong, P. A., Bidoli, T, D and Nyiatagher, Z.T &#8220;Determinants of Piggery Business in Kaduna State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 3 March 2019, pp.68-74 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/68-74.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-318078125\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-318078125\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a546e59 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a546e59\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35077d8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35077d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c820fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c820fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Determinants of Piggery Business in Kaduna State, Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.4&amp;Issue3\/68-74.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analysis of Thermal Performance of a Characteristics Heat 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