{"id":55822,"date":"2024-12-19T09:10:10","date_gmt":"2024-12-19T09:10:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/?page_id=55822"},"modified":"2024-12-19T10:28:15","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T10:28:15","slug":"volume-v-issue-v","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/archive\/volume-v-issue-v\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume V Issue V"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"55822\" class=\"elementor elementor-55822\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bb5eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4bb5eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1eab33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e1eab33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3be5635e elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"3be5635e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/01-07.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Characterization and Determination of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Values of the Seed Oils of Sorrel (Hibbiscus Sabdariffa) and Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus)\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/01-07.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCharacterization and Determination of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Values of the Seed Oils of Sorrel (Hibbiscus Sabdariffa) and Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6282f3e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6282f3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Aisha Umar Dan Malam, Aliyu Jauro, Salim Yushau, Abbas Abubakar, Hadiza Abubakar, Mahmood I. Abubakar, Sham\u2019unu Aliyu Ismail May 2020 Page No.: 01-07<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54d8342a e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"54d8342a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1423455274\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552741\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552741\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14234552741\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552742\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552742\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14234552742\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552743\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552743\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14234552743\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552744\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552744\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14234552744\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552745\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552745\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14234552745\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14234552741\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552741\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-514527a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"514527a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6742c872 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6742c872\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f39858f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f39858f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Attempt was made to characterize and determine the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Sorrel (<em>Hibbicus sabdariffa<\/em>) and Okra (<em>Abelmoschus esculentus<\/em>) seed oils using standard analytical methods. The physico-chemical characteristics of the oils were found to be; (Moisture contents = 7.00 %, 6.90 %; Oil yields = 12.80 %, 22.80 %; Specific gravities = 1.00, 0.90; Densities = 0.92 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>, 0.83 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>; Peroxide values = 3.40 \u00b1 0.06 meq\/kg, 14.00 \u00b1 0.20 meq\/kg; Free fatty acid values = 0.51 \u00b1 0.10 mg KOH\/g, 0.28 \u00b1 0.10 mg KOH\/g; Iodine values = 0.51 \u00b1 0.10 g\/100 g, 1.78 \u00b1 0.10 g\/100 g; and Saponification values = 176.72\u00a0<u>+<\/u>\u00a00.06 meq\/kg, 196.35\u00a0<u>+<\/u>\u00a00.06 meq\/kg) for both Sorrel and Okra respectively. The mineral contents were found to be (Mg = 170.80 \u00b1 0.40 mg\/100 g, 178.00 \u00b1 0.40 mg\/100 g; Ca = 416.00 \u00b1 4.00 mg\/100 g, 792.00 \u00b1 0.00 mg\/100 g; Na = 200.00 \u00b1 0.00 mg\/100 g, 200 .00 \u00b1 0.00 mg\/100 g; and K = 160.00\u00a0<u>+<\/u>\u00a00.00 mg\/100 g, 160.00\u00a0<u>+<\/u>\u00a00.00 mg\/100 g) for both Sorrel and Okra respectively.\u00a0 The anti-nutritional compositions were; (Oxalate = 4.95 \u00b1 0.10 mg\/100 g, 2.78 \u00b1 0.06 mg\/100 g; Phytate = 1.70 \u00b1 0.06 mg\/100 g, 2.10 \u00b1 0.10 mg\/100 g; and Hydrogen cyanide = 61.32\u00a0<u>+<\/u>\u00a00.20 mg\/100 g, 83.16\u00a0<u>+<\/u>\u00a00.15 mg\/100 g) for both Sorrel and Okra respectively. These results showed that these vegetables contain an appreciable amount of nutrients\/mineral elements and low levels of anti-nutrients hence, should be included in diets to supplement the daily allowance needed by the body.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 01-07<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 16 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14234552742\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552742\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7d561485 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7d561485\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-427746b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"427746b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ba99758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ba99758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aisha Umar Dan Malam<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aliyu Jauro<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Salim Yushau<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abbas Abubakar<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hadiza Abubakar<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mahmood I. Abubakar<\/strong><br \/>Department of Pure and Applied chemistry Usmanu Dan fodio University, Sokoto, Sokoto, state, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sham\u2019unu Aliyu Ismail<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14234552743\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552743\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-37d6baf9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37d6baf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e24d123 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6e24d123\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77decd82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77decd82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Mahmoud, A.A., Ahmed, W., Abubakar,A., &amp; Salim, Y. (2020). Evaluation of Nutritional and Anti nutritional Characteristics of Terminalia catappa Leaves. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science. 5(1): 177-180.<br \/>[2] Abubakar, A., Mahmoud, A.A., Yakubu, H. &amp; Salim, Y. (2020). Extraction and physicochemical characterization of seed oil from Terminalia mantaly seed. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Sciences. 5(1): 60-64.<br \/>[3] Maria, C.S., Francesco, S., Raffaele, C., Francesco, L.C., Maria, G.V.(2012) Extraction and Characterization of Vegetable Oils from Cherry Seed by Different Extraction Processes. Chemical engineering transactions.; 27:391-396.<br \/>[4] Emmanuel, O. A, Kessington, O. O., &amp;Mudiakeoghene, O. (2009). Biodegradation of vegetable oils. Scientific Research and Essay.4 (6), pp. 543-548.<br \/>[5] Nwobi, B.E,, Ofoegbu, O., &amp; Adesina, O.B. (2006). Extraction and Qualitative Assessment of African Sweet Orange Seed Oil. 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Flyinn,K.J.,Burk Holder,J.M.,Berge,T.,Calbet,A.,Hansel,P.J.stoecker,D.K. things tad,F.Tilman,U.,Vage,S.wilken.&amp;Zubkov,M.V.(2014). The roll of mexotropic protists in the biological carbon pump.Biogeosciences.11:995-1005.<br \/>[12] Mohammed MA, El Gasim AA, Yagoub AE.( 2007) Furundu, from fermented\/ sprouted Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seed: investigation on chemical composition, antinutritional factors, HCl-extractability of minerals, amino acids composition, In vitro protein digestibility and microbial growth. Research Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 3(6): 876-885.<br \/>[13] Nakpong P, &amp; Wootthikanokkhan S. (2010). Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Oil as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production in Thailand. Fuel (8): 1806\u201311.<br \/>[14] Al-Wandawi, H., Al-Shaikhaly, K., &amp; Abdu-Rahman, M. (1984). Roselles seed a source of protein. Journal Agricultural Food &amp; Chemistry. 32(3): 510-12.<br \/>[15] Hamon S, &amp; Sloten van, D.H. (1995). Okra. In: Evolution of Crop Plants, Smartt J, Simmonds NW (eds.), John Wiley &amp; Sons, 605 Third Avenue, New York, Pp. 350-357.<br \/>[16] Bayer, C., &amp; Kubitzki, K. (2003). The families and genera of vascular plants in malvaceae (Ed.) K. Kubbitzki, 225-311.<br \/>[17] Naveed, A.Khan,A.A,Khan I.A.(2009). Generation mean analysis of water stress tolerance in okra(Abelmuscus esculantus).Pakistan journal of Botony.41:195-205<br \/>[18] Hadiza,A.,Jauro,A., Mahmood,I.A.,Abubakar,A.,Salim,Y., Sallau,S., &amp;Yakubu,H.(2020). Production and Biodegradability of biodiesel from citrullus lanatus seed oil. International journal of research and innovation in applied sciences.5(3):134-141.<br \/>[19] Jauro, A., &amp; Haruna, A.M. (2011). Production and Biodegradability of Biodiesel from Balanites Aegyptiaca Seed Oil. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society. 55(4): 680-684.<br \/>[20] Asociation of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). (1975). Official Methods of Analysis, 12th ed. 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Nigerian Food Journal. 25(1): 111-116.<br \/>[26] Ihekoronye, A.I. and NgoddyP.O.(1985) integrated food science and technology for the tropics. University of Ibadan Press, Ibadan. Pp: 283<br \/>[27] BECON Biodiesel Education More chemistry of biodiesel page 3 http:www. me. State edul biodiesel (2006).<br \/>[28] Marinova, E.M., Seizova, K.A., Totseva, I.R., Panayotova, S.S., Ilko, N., Marekov, N.I., &amp; Momchilova, M.S. (2012). Oxidative changes in some vegetable oils during heating at frying temperature. Bulgarian Chemical Communications. 44(1): 57-63.<br \/>[29] Ekwu, F.C., Ngoddy, P.O., &amp; Uvere, P.O. (2014). Effect of processing on the Quality of flour, Abacha slices and its flour derived from Cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz). African Journal of Food Sciences. 8(9): 476-483.<br \/>[30] world Health Organization (1996). Vitamin and mineral requirements in Human nutrition. 2nd edt.59-66.<br \/>[31] Yoshimura, M., Takahashi, H. &amp; Nakanishi, T. (1986). Role of Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium and Calcium on blood pressure regulation. An Antihypertensive dietary therapy. Japan Journal of Nutrition. 49: 53-62.<br \/>[32] Guthrie,H.A. (1989). Introductory Nutrition Missouri: Timesmirror\/mosby college Publishing.<br \/>[33] payne, J.A.Krewer,G.W &amp; Eitemiller,,R.R.(1990).Mayhaws:trees of pomological and ornamental interest:Hortscience25:246-375.<br \/>[34] Agate, V.V.,Tarwadi K.V., &amp; chiplonkar,S.A.(1999). Phytate degradation durind traditional cooking: significance of the phytatic acid profile in cereal based vegetarian mealls. Journal of composition and analysis 12:161-167<br \/>[35] umar,K.J.(2005). Proximate analysis of seeds and pulp of African Locust Bean(Parkia Biglobosa L.). M.Sc.Dissertation, Posgrafduate school, Usmanu Danfodio University,Sokoto,(Unpublished)<br \/>[36] Hassan,L.G.,Abdulmun, U.,Jega,U.K.,Ikeh.,O.P.,&amp; Alero,A.A.(2014). Nutrional and anti nutritional composition of strychnos innocua Del(monkey orange) fruit pulp grown in Zuru Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and applied sciences.22(1):33<br \/>[37] Betancourt,A.M.,King,A.L.,FetterMan,J.L.,Mullinderswain,T.,Finley,R.D.,Oliva,C.R.,Crowe,D.R.,Ballinger,S.W., &amp; Bailey,S.M.(2014). Mitochondrial nuclear genoame interactions in non alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Biochemistry journal.46:223-232<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14234552744\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552744\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1cc2bf10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1cc2bf10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-758bc570 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"758bc570\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169e6e90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"169e6e90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Aisha Umar Dan Malam, Aliyu Jauro, Salim Yushau, Abbas Abubakar, Hadiza Abubakar, Mahmood I. Abubakar, Sham\u2019unu Aliyu Ismail &#8220;Characterization and Determination of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Values of the Seed Oils of Sorrel (<i>Hibbiscus Sabdariffa<\/i>) and Okro (<i>Abelmoschus Esculentus<\/i>)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.01-07 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/01-07.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14234552745\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14234552745\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2dccf72d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2dccf72d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d2a9179 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d2a9179\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c6e587 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c6e587\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a style=\"box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out; outline: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;\" title=\"Characterization and Determination of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Values of the Seed Oils of Sorrel (&lt;i&gt;Hibbiscus Sabdariffa&lt;\/i&gt;) and Okro (&lt;i&gt;Abelmoschus Esculentus&lt;\/i&gt;)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/01-07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6874727e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6874727e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d4c87f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d4c87f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aaf495a elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"7aaf495a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/08-11.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Factors that Students Consider when Selecting their Electives: Discrete Choice Experiment\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/08-11.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFactors that Students Consider when Selecting their Electives: Discrete Choice Experiment\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ffc5bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65ffc5bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Samuel Foli, Isaac K. Baidoo May 2020 Page No.: 08-11<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f58f90a e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"5f58f90a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1599666442\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664421\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664421\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15996664421\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664422\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664422\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15996664422\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664423\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664423\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15996664423\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664424\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664424\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15996664424\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664425\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664425\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15996664425\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15996664421\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664421\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-681b1125 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"681b1125\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23606a78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23606a78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f9a6317 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f9a6317\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This study identified and examined the factors considered when selecting elective courses of the students of University of Ghana, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science. Discrete Choice Experiment was used to capture responses of 30 students from the above-mentioned department. Respondents were presented with 28 choice sets made of 2 hypothetical courses each. Each course was made up of five attributed (factors). Data were analysed using STATA14.Probit regression model was generated. Models restricted by females and males were also estimated. The key attribute that influence elective course preference is Follow Career Path which had the highest coefficient among all the attributes estimated in both the full and the restricted models. The result revealed that, students of University of Ghana, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, do not have much interest in Reading courses.Generally, Reading are traded-off by other attributes like Follow Career Path, Calculation and Learn New Thing.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 08-11<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 18 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15996664422\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664422\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-69bb7a0e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"69bb7a0e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70ea41ea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70ea41ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a7399 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a7399\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel Foli<\/strong><br \/>Department of Statistic and Actuarial Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isaac K. Baidoo<\/strong><br \/>Department of Statistic and Actuarial Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15996664423\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664423\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1f6e5b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f6e5b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5783ac93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5783ac93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10e210c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10e210c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Adamowicz, W., Swait, J., Boxall, P., Louviere, J., &amp; Williams, M. (1997a). Perceptions versus objective measures of environmental quality in combined revealed and stated preference models of environmental valuation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 32(1), 65\u201384.<br \/>[2] Adamowicz, W., Swait, J., Boxall, P., Louviere, J., &amp; Williams, M. (1997b). Perceptions versus objective measures of environmental quality in combined revealed and stated preference models of environmental valuation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 32(1), 65\u201384.<br \/>[3] Ben-Akiva, M., &amp; Morikawa, T. (1990). Estimation of switching models from revealed preferences and stated intentions. Transportation Research Part A: General, 24(6), 485\u2013495.<br \/>[4] Clark, M. D., Determann, D., Petrou, S., Moro, D., &amp; de Bekker-Grob, E. W. (2014). Discrete choice experiments in health economics: A review of the literature. Pharmacoeconomics, 32(9), 883\u2013902.<br \/>[5] de Bekker-Grob, E. W., Ryan, M., &amp; Gerard, K. (2012). Discrete choice experiments in health economics: A review of the literature. Health Economics, 21(2), 145\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hec.1697<br \/>[6] Hedges, M. R., Pacheco, G. A., &amp; Webber, D. J. (2014). What determines students\u2019 choices of elective modules? International Review of Economics Education, 17, 39\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iree.2014.05.003<br \/>[7] Hensher, D. A., &amp; Bradley, M. (1993). Using stated response choice data to enrich revealed preference discrete choice models. Marketing Letters, 4(2), 139\u2013151.<br \/>[8] Johnson, R., &amp; Orme, B. (2003). Getting the most from CBC. Sequim: Sawtooth Software Research Paper Series, Sawtooth Software.<br \/>[9] Louviere, J. J., Hensher, D. A., &amp; Swait, J. D. (2000). Stated choice methods: Analysis and applications. Cambridge university press.<br \/>[10] Orme, B. (1998). Sample size issues for conjoint analysis studies. Sequim: Sawtooth Software Technical Paper.<br \/>[11] Ryan, M., &amp; Watson, V. (2009). Comparing welfare estimates from payment card contingent valuation and discrete choice experiments. Health Economics, 18(4), 389\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hec.1364<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15996664424\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664424\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5ffa92dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5ffa92dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f00e677 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f00e677\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d91f96c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d91f96c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Samuel Foli, Isaac K. Baidoo, &#8220;Factors that Students Consider when Selecting their Electives: Discrete Choice Experiment&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.08-11 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/08-11.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15996664425\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15996664425\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-12b4e681 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"12b4e681\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bc7a2d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bc7a2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a07b727 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a07b727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Factors that Students Consider when Selecting their Electives: Discrete Choice Experiment\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/08-11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235b84b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"235b84b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-257f7a0e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"257f7a0e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253c5b70 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"253c5b70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/12-17.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Costs and Returns Analysis Associated with Egg Production among Backyard Poultry Keepers in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/12-17.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCosts and Returns Analysis Associated with Egg Production among Backyard Poultry Keepers in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c53785 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66c53785\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ijah, A.A., Ishola, B.F., Ayodele, J.T., Yahaya, U.F. and Olukotun, O. May 2020 Page No.: 12-17<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-126c0a25 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"126c0a25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"309070373\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703731\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703731\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-3090703731\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703732\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703732\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-3090703732\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703733\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703733\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-3090703733\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703734\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703734\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-3090703734\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703735\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703735\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-3090703735\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-3090703731\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703731\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-1d0a21dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d0a21dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b0b5d98 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b0b5d98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34db50ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34db50ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The costs and returns analysis associated with egg production among backyard poultry keepers in Kaduna North local government area of Kaduna State, Nigeria was evaluated. Primary data were collected from 30 farmers drawn from the study area using multi stage, purposive and random sampling techniques. Analysis of data was carried out with the use of descriptive statistics, net income analysis (budgeting) and profitability ratios. The result revealed that majority of the farmers are male (76.67 %) and 83.33 % were married. Majority of the farmers 83.33 % of the farmers had post primary education. 96.67 % of the poultry keepers are in their active working age of between 21 and 60 years with most of them 90 % having over 5years experience in egg production with an average bird size of 268. The net income analysis indicated that an average farmer invested annually N 1,931,634.50 in poultry egg production with a total return of N 2,325,573.13. The gross margin and net income were N 491,557.63 and N 393, 938.63 respectively. These figures suggest that egg production in the study area is a profitable venture. The result also revealed that disease outbreak, high cost of feed, high cost of vaccine\/drugs high mortality rate, egg spoilage and poor power supply were identified as the problems hindering egg production in the study area. The study therefore recommends that extension agents should intensify effort to educate poultry farmers about improved management practices that will lead to reduction of disease outbreak and affordable drugs \/ vaccine should be made available to the farmers at a substituted price by government and government should develop and enforce livestock feeds standards in order to protect farmers from dubious feed millers.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 12-17<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 19 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-3090703732\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703732\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-249f077d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"249f077d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4406167c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4406167c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37b007af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37b007af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ijah, A.A.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanizations, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ishola, B.F.<\/strong><br \/>Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayodele, J.T.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanizations, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yahaya, U.F.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanizations, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olukotun, O.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanizations, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-3090703733\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703733\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2a9ea5e3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2a9ea5e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f947cbc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f947cbc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29396309 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29396309\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Abedullah, A., Maqbool, A., &amp; Bukhsh, K. (2007). Issues and economics of poultry production: A case study of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 27(1), 25\u201328.<br \/>[2] Abubakar I. (2004). Resource Use Efficiency in Yam Production In Northern part of Taraba State Nigeria. Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development Vol. 6 No 9.<br \/>[3] Amaza, P. S. and Maurice, D. C. (2005). Identification of Factors that Influence Technical Inefficiency in Poultry Egg Production in Ondo State, Nigeria Journal of Rural Economics. Vol. 10 pp 85 \u2013 93.<br \/>[4] Anyanwuocho, R.A.I. (2000). \u201cFundamental of Economics in Africa.\u201d Fep. Publishers Ltd.<br \/>[5] Binuomote, S.O., Ajetomobi, J.O. and Ajao, A.O. (2008). \u201dTechnical Efficiency of Poultry Egg Producers in Oyo State, Nigeria.\u201d International Journal of Poultry Science, 7 (12):1227 \u2013 1231<br \/>[6] Ekunwe, P.A., Soniregun, O.O. and Oyedeji, J.O. (2006). Economics of Small Scale Deep Litter System of Egg Production in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Poultry Science., 5(1): pp.81-83.<br \/>[7] Evbuomwan, GO (2006). Empirical Analysis of Cost and Return toCommercial Table Egg Central Bank of Nigeria, Lagos. FarmManagement Association of Nigerian (FAMAN). 8(1): 29-37<br \/>[8] Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (1998). Rice Production in Africa: Current Situation and Issues. By Agriculture Department Group, FAO Regional Officer for Africa at the Nineteenth Session of the International Price Commission, Cairo 7-9 Sept. 1998.<br \/>[9] Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2005). Recommend nutrient intakes from Malaysia. FAO, Rome Pp. 55-56<br \/>[10] Hassan, A. A. (2002). \u201dEconomic Analysis of Egg Production In Three L.G.As of Kaduna State\u201d. Unpublished M.Sc Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.<br \/>[11] Hassan, A. A., Nwaanta, J. and Mohammed, A. (2005). Profitability Analysis of poultry egg production in Kaduna State, Nigeria Veterinary Journal Vol. 27 (1) pp. 8 \u2013 16.<br \/>[12] Nmadu, J. N. Ogidan, I. O. and Omolehin, R. A. (2014). Profitability and Resource Use Efficiency of Poultry Egg Productionin Abuja, Nigeria. Kasetsart J. (Soc. Sci) Vol. 35, Pp. 134 \u2013 146.<br \/>[13] NPC (2006) National Population Commission (NPC) population census Data Kaduna State, Federal republic of Nigeria Official Gazzette. National and state provisional total census printed and published in 2007 by the Federal Government printers Lagos. Nigeria. No.21. Vol,94. Pp.175-198.<br \/>[14] Ogidan, I. O. (2002). Economic appraisal of livestock feed industry in Osun State. B. Agric. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife p. 40<br \/>[15] Olukosi, J.O. and Erhabor (1988). \u201cIntroduction to farm Management Economics: Principles and Applications\u201d Agitab Publishers Ltd. Zaria.<br \/>[16] Pagani, P., Abimiku, Y.J.E and Emeka-Okolie, W. (2008). Assessment of the Nigerian poultry market chain to improve biosecurity. FAO (Nigeria, Consultative Mission on Poultry) Study. November, 2008. Pp 1 \u2013 65<br \/>[17] Tijani, A. A., Alimi, T., &amp; Adesiyan, A. T. (2006). Profit Efficiency Among Nigerian Poultry Egg Farmers. Research Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 2(6), 256\u2013261<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-3090703734\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703734\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4a1d2a9e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a1d2a9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51c70dda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"51c70dda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31b29958 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31b29958\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ijah, A.A., Ishola, B.F., Ayodele, J.T., Yahaya, U.F. and Olukotun, O. &#8220;Costs and Returns Analysis Associated with Egg Production among Backyard Poultry Keepers in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.12-17 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/12-17.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-3090703735\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-3090703735\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4a6d1bae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a6d1bae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f24826b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f24826b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24fe130a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24fe130a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Costs and Returns Analysis Associated with Egg Production among Backyard Poultry Keepers in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/12-17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a59276 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"42a59276\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55fe39b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55fe39b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c6c7b25 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"3c6c7b25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Analytical Expression of Surface Wave Elevation Using Homotopy Analysis Method*n\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnalytical Expression of Surface Wave Elevation Using Homotopy Analysis Method*n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2c265f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a2c265f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ejinkonye I.O. May 2020 Page No.: 18-23<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-544905ec e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"544905ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1414071788\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717881\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717881\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14140717881\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717882\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717882\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14140717882\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717883\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717883\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14140717883\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717884\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717884\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14140717884\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717885\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717885\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14140717885\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14140717881\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717881\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-7941b040 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7941b040\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f49668d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f49668d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0379d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0379d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This work focuses on the study of water wave equations which were solved by means of an analytic technique, namely the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). HAM is a capable and straight forward analytic tool for solving nonlinear differential equations and does not require small\/large parameters in the governing equations unlike other well-known analytic approach such as the perturbation method. Using HAM, we obtain an approximate solution to the governing Rogue wave equations. The free surface displacement \u03b7(x,t) and velocity potential, \u03d5(x \u03b5 t) obtained are compared with similar results using higher order Stokes approximations.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 18-23<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 19 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14140717882\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717882\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-33bee653 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33bee653\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25ec9799 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25ec9799\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c008c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66c008c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ejinkonye I.O.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14140717883\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717883\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2e74ff69 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e74ff69\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a127b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a127b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c05cfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c05cfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Dysthe, K., Krogstad, H.E., and Muller, P., (2008). Oceanic Rogue Waves. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 40:287-310.<br \/>[2] Lawton, G., (2001). Monsters of Deep Sea. New scientist 170(2297): 28-32.<br \/>[3] Arena, F. and Fedele, F. (2005). Nonlinear Space-Time Evolution of wave Groups with a Height Crest J. of Offshore Mech. And Arctic Eng. 127 :46-51.<br \/>[4] Fedele, F., and Arena, F., (2005). Weakly Nonlinear Statistics of High random waves. Phys fluids 17 :16 07-1610.<br \/>[5] Fedele, F., (2006). Extreme Events in Nonlinear Random Seas. J.A Offshore Mech. And Arctic Eng. 128 :11-16.<br \/>[6] Cattrel, A.D., Srokosz, M., Moat, B.I., and Marsh, R., (2018). Can Rogue Waves Be Predicted Using Characteristic Wave Parameters? JGR Oceans 123(8): 5624-5636.<br \/>[7] Liao, S.J., (2011). On The Homotopy Multiple-variable Method and Its Applications in the Interactions of Nonlinear Gravity Waves. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer.Simul. 16(3) :1274\u20131303.<br \/>[8] Liao, S.J., (1992). Proposed Homotopy Analysis Techniques For The Solution of Nonlinear Problems. PhD thesis, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.<br \/>[9] Liao, SJ. (2003). Beyond Perturbation, Introduction to the Homotopy Analysis Method. Chapman &amp; Hall, CRC, Boca Raton.<br \/>[10] Liao, S.J., (2004). On The Homotopy Analysis Method For Nonlinear Problems. Appl. Maths Comput. 147: 499\u2013513.<br \/>[11] Liao, S.J., (2012). Homotopy Analysis Method in Nonlinear Differential Equations. Springer &amp; Higher Education.<br \/>[12] Cheng Tongkai (2015). Rogue Wave Solution and the Homotopy Analysis Method for Fractional Hirota Equation International Journal of Nonlinear Science 20(1) :15-24<br \/>[13] Petrova, P.G., Arena, F., and Soares, C.G., (2011). Space-time Evolution of Random Wave Groups with High Waves Based on the Quasi-Determinism Theory. Ocean Engineering 38:1640-1648.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14140717884\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717884\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6854203b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6854203b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d89b19f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7d89b19f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf77f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faf77f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ejinkonye I.O. &#8220;Analytical Expression of Surface Wave Elevation Using Homotopy Analysis Method*<sub>n<\/sub>&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.18-23 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/18-23.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14140717885\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14140717885\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-499fab40 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"499fab40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-181b6631 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"181b6631\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32fd028c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32fd028c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a style=\"box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out; outline: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;\" title=\"Analytical Expression of Surface Wave Elevation Using Homotopy Analysis Method*&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;\/sub&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/18-23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3db0681a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3db0681a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236685af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"236685af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a942613 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1a942613\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/24-27.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Learning Influence Factors on Building Technology in Colleges of Education in Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/24-27.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLearning Influence Factors on Building Technology in Colleges of Education in Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-662fd3cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"662fd3cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>USMAN, Nathaniel Jibrin and BINNI, Danjuma Beji (Ph.D) May 2020 Page No.: 24-27<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2094d9b9 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"2094d9b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"546625977\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259771\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259771\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5466259771\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259772\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259772\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5466259772\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259773\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259773\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5466259773\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259774\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259774\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5466259774\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259775\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259775\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5466259775\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5466259771\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259771\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-7b5a363f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b5a363f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2565eab7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2565eab7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e33746f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e33746f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The study assessed learning influence factors on building technology in colleges of education in Nigeria. Two research questions were raised to guide the study and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at .5 level of significant. The research design used for this study was the descriptive survey research design. The study was carried out in Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of all the 246 building technology lecturers in colleges of education in Nigeria. The sample for the study consisted of 73 building technology lecturers, 31 from federal colleges of education and 42 from State colleges of education. Stratified random technique was used to select one each federal and State colleges of education from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria to represent the population. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was content validated by three building technology experts, two from Federal University of Technology, Minna and one from Niger State college of education, Minna. Cronbach Alpha statistical technique was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and yielded .88 and .89 coefficients. The study employed the use of mean to answer the research questions and Z-test to test the null hypotheses. Findings revealed among others that, intelligence, learning style, students\u2019 needs, interest, aptitude, attitude, motivation, mental health, inspiration to achieve learning and emotional condition of students were found to be learning influence factors associated to students on building technology in colleges of education in Nigeria. The study recommended that, lecturers should give attention to the identified learning influence factors associated to students and environment in order to promote learning of building technology in colleges of education in Nigeria.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 24-27<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 22 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5466259772\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259772\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-315a084c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"315a084c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f1c0e2a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f1c0e2a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-267ac492 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"267ac492\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>USMAN, Nathaniel Jibrin<\/strong><br \/>Department of Building Technology Education, Niger State College of Education, Minna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>BINNI, Danjuma Beji (Ph.D)<\/strong><br \/>Department of Building Technology Education, Niger State College of Education, Minna, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5466259773\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259773\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-70f6449e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70f6449e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b7ec0fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b7ec0fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a25069 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42a25069\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Anaele, E. O. &amp; Okoro, C. E. (2014). Innovations on building technology and curriculum revision needs of colleges of education (technical) in Nigeria. IJSR &#8211; International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(2), Online.<br \/>[2] Anaele, E. O. (2018). Problems of building construction in Nigeria. Ebonyi Technology and Vocational Education Journal, 1(1), 61 \u2013 70.<br \/>[3] Bouton, M. E. (2017). Learning and behavior: A contemporary synthesis. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc.<br \/>[4] Bradley, M. M. (2009). Natural selective attention: Orienting and emotion. Psychophysiology, 46(4), 1-224.<br \/>[5] Dave, R. H. (2018). Developing and writing behavioral objectives. London: Educational Innovators.<br \/>[6] Domjan, M. (2010). Principles of learning and behavior (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth\/Cengage.<br \/>[7] Ezeukwu, F. I. (2016). Managing students\u2019 hostel accommodation problems in problems in colleges of education in Anambra and Enugu States. Unpublished M.Ed project, Department of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<br \/>[8] Mineka, S. &amp;Zinbarg, R. (2006). A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders. American Psychologist, 61(12), 10-26.<br \/>[9] Mitchell, C. J., De Houwer, J., &amp;Lovibond, P. F. (2009). The propositional nature of human associative learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(8), 183-198.<br \/>[10] Mulki, J., Jaramillo, F. &amp;Locander, W. (2016). Effects of ethical climate and supervisory trust on salesperson\u2019s job attitudes and intentions to quit. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 26(1), 20-26.<br \/>[11] National Commission for Colleges of Education (2012). Minimum standard. Abuja: Government Press.<br \/>[12] Nwite, O. &amp;Nwuche, R. A. (2016). Evaluation of students\u2019 personnel services in colleges of education in Nigeria. British Journal of Education, 4(7), 82-98.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5466259774\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259774\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-62fdc9e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"62fdc9e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4670528b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4670528b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24e7c2a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24e7c2a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>USMAN, Nathaniel Jibrin and BINNI, Danjuma Beji (Ph.D) &#8220;Learning Influence Factors on Building Technology in Colleges of Education in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.14-20 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/14-20.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5466259775\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5466259775\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5174db7b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5174db7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fd34bf9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fd34bf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fc09a99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fc09a99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Learning Influence Factors on Building Technology in Colleges of Education in Nigeria \" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/24-27.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78a1f469 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"78a1f469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eacd4c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3eacd4c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161dddcf elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"161dddcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/28-31.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"COVID-19 and E-Learning: Nigeria Tertiary Education System Experience\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/28-31.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 and E-Learning: Nigeria Tertiary Education System Experience\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f86c2b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f86c2b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Adeoye, I. A., Adanikin, A. F., Adanikin, A. May 2020 Page No.: 28-31<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67551c90 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"67551c90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1733631120\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311201\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311201\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-17336311201\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311202\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311202\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-17336311202\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311203\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311203\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-17336311203\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311204\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311204\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-17336311204\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311205\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311205\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-17336311205\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-17336311201\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311201\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-4ec8ed51 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ec8ed51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e2e3858 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e2e3858\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6762d15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6762d15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Globally, the world is faced with the COVID-19 pandemic which has held the economy at ransom not exempting the educational sector. This pandemic has brought about recent changes and disruptions in the educational sector which serves as a catalyst for the development of any nation. Educational sector globally is seen to be shifting towards e-learning in order to cushion the effect of this pandemic. However, developing countries evidence from the Nigeria experience are posed with the challenge of shifting from the traditional teaching method to the e-learning during the pandemic. The challenges arise as a result of the varying degree of preparedness of the institutions, lack of infrastructures, paucity of funds and policies issues in the Nigeria education sector. It is in tandem with this prevailing issues that this study examines the Nigeria educational system based on the global pandemic. This paper further discusses the necessity of e-learning; identifies and discuss challenges as well as opportunities. Recommendations to enhance e-learning during and post COVID-19 were also given.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 28-31<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 22 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-17336311202\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311202\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-54f0680 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"54f0680\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e4eff96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e4eff96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db4f2b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db4f2b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adeoye, I. A.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Admin., Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adanikin, A. F.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Social Science Education, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adanikin, A.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Civil Engineering, Elizade University, IlaraMokin, Ondo State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-17336311203\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311203\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-56cb9ca7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56cb9ca7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-675a9041 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"675a9041\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-278133dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"278133dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Ameh, J. &amp; Aluko, O. (2019). 2019 budget: Education gets 620.5bn, against UNESCO\u2019s advice. Retrieved from: https:\/\/punchng.com\/2019-budget-education-gets-n620-5bn-against-unescos-advice\/<br \/>[2] Arkorful, V. &amp; Abaidoo, N. (2014). The role of e-learning, the advantages and disadvantages of its adoption in Higher Education. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(12), 397-410<br \/>[3] Eze, S. C., Chinedu-Eze, V. C. &amp; Bello, A. O. (2018). The utilization of e-learning facilities in the educational delivery system of Nigeria: a study of M-University. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(34), 1-20<br \/>[4] Guragain, N. (2016). E-learning benefits and applications. Helsinki University of Applied Sciences Thesis. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.theseus.fi\/bitstream\/handle\/10024\/105103\/Guragain_Nischal.pdf?sequence=1<br \/>[5] Kacerauskas, M. and Kusaityte, J. (2020). Japanese University Found a Genius Solution for Their Graduation Ceremony During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.boredpanda.com\/quarantine-covid-19-graduation-bbt-university-japan\/?utm_source=nairaland&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=organic<br \/>[6] Ndujihe, C. (2018). Education sector gets paltry N3.9 trillion out of N55.19 trillion in 10 years. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2018\/04\/education-free-fall\/<br \/>[7] Parks, E. (2013). What\u2019s the \u201ce\u201d in e-learning? Ask International.com<br \/>[8] Pingle, S. S. (2011). Higher education student\u2019s readiness for E-Learning. Techno LEARN, 1(1), 155-165<br \/>[9] UNESCO (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response. Retrieved from: https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/covid19\/educationresponse<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-17336311204\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311204\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2ddd372c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ddd372c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5654badb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5654badb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-178d312d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"178d312d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Adeoye, I. A., Adanikin, A. F., Adanikin, A. &#8220;COVID-19 and E-Learning: Nigeria Tertiary Education System Experience&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.28-31 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/21-27.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-17336311205\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-17336311205\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5dd1329a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5dd1329a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30593e1e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"30593e1e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dfe8d1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dfe8d1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"COVID-19 and E-Learning: Nigeria Tertiary Education System Experience\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/28-31.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07a2356 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"07a2356\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b8e2f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b8e2f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-333ab83 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"333ab83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/32-35.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Method of Taylor\u2019s Series for the Primitive of Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/32-35.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMethod of Taylor\u2019s Series for the Primitive of Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-433a92b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"433a92b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Kavita Bhatnagar, Arti Dua May 2020 Page No.: 32-35<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6d65b2 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"e6d65b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"242050482\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504821\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504821\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2420504821\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504822\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504822\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2420504822\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504823\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504823\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2420504823\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504824\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504824\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2420504824\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504825\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504825\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2420504825\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2420504821\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504821\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-2b3b051 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b3b051\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e60bc8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e60bc8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7da263b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7da263b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Integral equations are playing an increasingly important role in obtaining the solution of many scientific and engineering problems such as determination of potentials, seismic travel time, optical fibers and system identification. In this paper, authors have solved linear second kind non-homogeneous Volterra integral equations (V.I.E.) using Taylor series method. Authors have been considered three numerical examples for explaining the complete methodology. Results of numerical examples show that Taylor series method is very useful and effective numerical method for handling the problem of obtaining the primitives of linear second kind non-homogeneous V.I.E.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 32-35<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 25 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2420504822\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504822\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c1f8946 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c1f8946\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f3b336 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f3b336\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dab2162 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dab2162\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National P.G. College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kavita Bhatnagar<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Noida Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology, Greater Noida-201306, U.P., India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Arti Dua<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Science &amp; Humanities, I.T.S. Engineering College, Greater Noida-201308, U.P., India<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2420504823\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504823\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9f60ae9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9f60ae9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5133a42 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5133a42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c887e60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c887e60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Chauhan, R. and Aggarwal, S., Laplace transform for convolution type linear Volterra integral equation of second kind, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 1-7, 2019.<br \/>[2] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., A new application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(4), 138-140, 2018.<br \/>[3] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., A new application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, Asian Resonance, 7(2), 46-48, 2018.<br \/>[4] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Solution of linear Volterra integral equations of second kind using Mohand transform, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3098-3102, 2018.<br \/>[5] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., A new application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, Asian Resonance, 7(3), 156-158, 2018.<br \/>[6] Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, N., Laplace transform for the solution of first kind linear Volterra integral equation, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 16-23, 2019.<br \/>[7] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(8), 2081-2088, 2018.<br \/>[8] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(9), 154-161, 2018.<br \/>[9] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3745-3753, 2018.<br \/>[10] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., Application of Elzaki transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3687-3692, 2018.<br \/>[11] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A.R. and Sharma, S.D., A new application of Shehu transform for handling Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(4), 439-445, 2019.<br \/>[12] Sharma, N. and Aggarwal, S., Laplace transform for the solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 8-15, 2019.<br \/>[13] Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, S.D., Application of Kamal transform for solving Abel\u2019s integral equation, Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(3), 82-90, 2019.<br \/>[14] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Gupta, A.R., A new application of Mohand transform for handling Abel\u2019s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 600-608, 2019.<br \/>[15] Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, S.D., Solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation by Aboodh transform method, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 317-325, 2019.<br \/>[16] Aggarwal, S. and Gupta, A.R., Sumudu transform for the solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 423-431, 2019.<br \/>[17] Aggarwal, S. and Gupta, A.R., Shehu transform for solving Abel\u2019s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(5), 101-110, 2019.<br \/>[18] Aggarwal, S. and Bhatnagar, K., Solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation using Sadik transform, Asian Resonance, Vol. 8 No. 2, (Part-1), 57-63, April 2019.<br \/>[19] Wazwaz, A.M., A first course in integral equations, World Scientific, Singapore, 1997.<br \/>[20] Moiseiwitsch, B.L., Integral equations, Longman, London and New York, 1977.<br \/>[21] Wazwaz, A.M., Linear and nonlinear integral equations: Methods and applications, Springer, 2011.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2420504824\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504824\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-fde434c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fde434c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eafd2db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eafd2db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-616f98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"616f98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Kavita Bhatnagar, Arti Dua &#8220;Method of Taylor\u2019s Series for the Primitive of Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.32-35 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/32-35.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2420504825\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2420504825\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-f6bd0cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6bd0cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddf2f89 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ddf2f89\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18739a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18739a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Method of Taylor\u2019s Series for the Primitive of Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/32-35.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05a43bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"05a43bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6b5077 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6b5077\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5080074 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"5080074\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/36-39.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Succession Planning and Sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South East, Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/36-39.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSuccession Planning and Sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South East, Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce345cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce345cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Osita, Fabian Chinedu, Kekeocha, Mary Ezinne, Ojimba, Chigozie Chinonso May 2020 Page No.: 36-39<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27816d7 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"27816d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"41424599\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-414245991\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-414245991\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-414245991\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-414245992\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-414245992\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-414245992\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-414245993\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-414245993\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-414245993\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-414245994\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-414245994\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-414245994\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-414245995\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-414245995\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-414245995\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-414245991\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-414245991\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-940042f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"940042f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e57db1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e57db1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91842c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91842c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The study investigated sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South East Nigeria. The population was 1000 owners of SMEs selected from the two major markets in the region. Survey research design was adopted by the study. The instrument for data collection was a self-structured questionnaire which underwent both face and content validity and was also put through Crombach Alpha reliability test with an Alpha value of .837. Regression analysis was used in analysing the data gathered in the cause of the study and hypothesis was tested at 5% level of significance. The result indicated that most of the businesses are still in their first generation. From the hypothesis test, it was revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship existing between mentoring and continuity of SMEs in the selected markets in the area studied (r = .933; R<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0= .871, F = 6562.226; p-value &lt; 0.05). Following this finding, it was concluded that mentoring people to take over the business at the retirement or demise of owner\/founder gives a fillip to business sustainability. It was therefore recommended among other things that business owners need to start the mentoring process of successors early so as to get them equipped for the role of management and leadership in the business in the event of demise or retirement of the owners.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 36-39<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 25 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-414245992\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-414245992\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-ed0ec08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ed0ec08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffbd690 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ffbd690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a5f2f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a5f2f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Osita, Fabian Chinedu<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kekeocha, Mary Ezinne<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ojimba, Chigozie Chinonso<\/strong><br \/>Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc, Warri Delta State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-414245993\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-414245993\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c8bfd55 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c8bfd55\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9015458 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9015458\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dab488 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1dab488\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Ariyo.D. (2008). Small firms are the backbone of the Nigeria economy. Africa economic Analysis. Academy of Management Journal 1(1), 109-124.<br \/>[2] Cristina. G. (2010). Leadership, diversity and succession planning in leadennia. http:\/\/ cshe.berkeley.eddu\/<br \/>[3] Holy Bible (1976). King James Version. Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.<br \/>[4] Kellermans, F.W., &amp; Eddleston, K. H. (2004). Founding Families: when conflicts does a family firm good. Entrepreneurship Theory and practice, 28(1), 209-280<br \/>[5] Miller, N. &amp; Meloed, H (2005). Managing family businesses in small communities. Journal of small Business Management 39(1), 73-87<br \/>[6] Nnabuife, E. K. &amp; Okoli, I. E. (2017). Succession planning and sustainability of selected family owned Businesses in Anambra state, Nigeria. European journal of Business and management, 9(34).<br \/>[7] Ogundele O. J. K., Idris A. A., &amp; Ahmed-ogundipe K. A. (2012). entrepreneurial succession problems in Nigeria\u2019s family Businesses: A threat to sustainability. European scientific journal 8(7), 208-227.<br \/>[8] Ogundele, O. J. K. (2007). Introduction to Entrepreneurship Dev. Corporate Governance and small business management.<br \/>[9] Ojo, A.T. (2004). Partnership and Strategic Alliance of Effective SME Development, in Small and Medium Development and SMIEIS, Ade T. Ojo (ed.). Retrieved at: http\/\/:www.covenantuniversity.edu.ng\/\u2026\/prof.+j.a.t.ojo\/ on 19-04-2020<br \/>[10] Onwuka, E. M., Ekwelugo, O., Dibua, E., &amp; Ezeayim, E. (2017). Succession management and organisation survival in selected transportation in Onitsha, Nigeria. International journal of Management of sciences and Business research, 6(1) \u2026.<br \/>[11] Oxford Advanced Learner\u2019s Dictionary (2015). New 9th edition. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-414245994\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-414245994\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4e51f58 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e51f58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-206d18e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"206d18e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21e4969 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21e4969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Osita, Fabian Chinedu, Kekeocha, Mary Ezinne, Ojimba, Chigozie Chinonso &#8220;Succession Planning and Sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South East, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.36-39 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/36-39.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-414245995\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-414245995\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c0d0318 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c0d0318\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e5cf8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e5cf8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db18d47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db18d47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Succession Planning and Sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South East, Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/36-39.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-315fa93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"315fa93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45f41b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45f41b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72bba60 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"72bba60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/40-43.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Method of Taylor\u2019s Series for Non-Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/40-43.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMethod of Taylor\u2019s Series for Non-Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb1ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccb1ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Swarg Deep Sharma, Renu Chaudhary May 2020 Page No.: 40-43<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdcc67a e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"fdcc67a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"266126970\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269701\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269701\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2661269701\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269702\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269702\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2661269702\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269703\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269703\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2661269703\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269704\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269704\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2661269704\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269705\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269705\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2661269705\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2661269701\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269701\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-87f1e24 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"87f1e24\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b9c722 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b9c722\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0385bdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0385bdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Integral equations are playing an increasingly important role in obtaining the solution of many scientific and engineering problems such as determination of potentials, seismic travel time, optical fibers and system identification. In this paper, authors have solved non-linear second kind non-homogeneous Volterra integral equations (V.I.E.) using Taylor series method. Authors have been considered two numerical examples for explaining the complete methodology. Results of numerical examples show that Taylor series method is very useful and effective numerical method for handling the problem of obtaining the primitives of non-linear second kind non-homogeneous V.I.E.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 40-43<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 25 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2661269702\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269702\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e99b210 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e99b210\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-815ab6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"815ab6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-880355c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"880355c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National P.G. College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Swarg Deep Sharma<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Nand Lal Singh College Jaitpur Daudpur Constituent of Jai Prakash University Chhapra-841205, Bihar, India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Renu Chaudhary<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Science &amp; Humanities, I.T.S. Engineering College, Greater Noida-201308, U.P., India<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2661269703\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269703\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1397c23 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1397c23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bda3f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0bda3f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08067a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08067a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Chauhan, R. and Aggarwal, S., Laplace transform for convolution type linear Volterra integral equation of second kind, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 1-7, 2019.<br \/>[2]. Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., A new application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(4), 138-140, 2018.<br \/>[3]. Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., A new application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, Asian Resonance, 7(2), 46-48, 2018.<br \/>[4]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Solution of linear Volterra integral equations of second kind using Mohand transform, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3098-3102, 2018.<br \/>[5]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., A new application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations, Asian Resonance, 7(3), 156-158, 2018.<br \/>[6]. Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, N., Laplace transform for the solution of first kind linear Volterra integral equation, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 16-23, 2019.<br \/>[7]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(8), 2081-2088, 2018.<br \/>[8]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(9), 154-161, 2018.<br \/>[9]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N. and Chauhan, R., Application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3745-3753, 2018.<br \/>[10]. Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R. and Sharma, N., Application of Elzaki transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3687-3692, 2018.<br \/>[11]. Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A.R. and Sharma, S.D., A new application of Shehu transform for handling Volterra integral equations of first kind, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(4), 439-445, 2019.<br \/>[12]. Sharma, N. and Aggarwal, S., Laplace transform for the solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 8-15, 2019.<br \/>[13]. Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, S.D., Application of Kamal transform for solving Abel\u2019s integral equation, Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(3), 82-90, 2019.<br \/>[14]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Gupta, A.R., A new application of Mohand transform for handling Abel\u2019s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 600-608, 2019.<br \/>[15]. Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, S.D., Solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation by Aboodh transform method, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 317-325, 2019.<br \/>[16]. Aggarwal, S. and Gupta, A.R., Sumudu transform for the solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 423-431, 2019.<br \/>[17]. Aggarwal, S. and Gupta, A.R., Shehu transform for solving Abel\u2019s integral equation, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(5), 101-110, 2019.<br \/>[18]. Aggarwal, S. and Bhatnagar, K., Solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation using Sadik transform, Asian Resonance, Vol. 8 No. 2, (Part-1), 57-63, April 2019.<br \/>[19]. Wazwaz, A.M., A first course in integral equations, World Scientific, Singapore, 1997.<br \/>[20]. Moiseiwitsch, B.L., Integral equations, Longman, London and New York, 1977.<br \/>[21]. Wazwaz, A.M., Linear and nonlinear integral equations: Methods and applications, Springer, 2011.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2661269704\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269704\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-572d1ea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"572d1ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b87d7bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b87d7bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4937af4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4937af4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Swarg Deep Sharma, Renu Chaudhary &#8220;Method of Taylor\u2019s Series for Non-Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.40-43 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/40-43.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2661269705\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2661269705\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-053719e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"053719e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e2d52a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e2d52a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d346ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d346ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Method of Taylor\u2019s Series for Non-Linear Second Kind Non-Homogeneous Volterra Integral Equations\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/40-43.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83ff25b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"83ff25b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56fbf5f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56fbf5f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7573b elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"0a7573b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/44-50.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Modelling Lassa fever Dynamics Incorporating Quarantine Rate\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/44-50.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tModelling Lassa fever Dynamics Incorporating Quarantine Rate\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44b1763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44b1763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>N. O. Nweze, Joseph I. K, Alhaji Ismail S., Lucas W. L., A. Z. Loko May 2020 Page No.: 44-50<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4974a40 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"4974a40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"77023808\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-770238081\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-770238081\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-770238081\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-770238082\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-770238082\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-770238082\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-770238083\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-770238083\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-770238083\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-770238084\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-770238084\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-770238084\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-770238085\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-770238085\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-770238085\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-770238081\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-770238081\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-beac2b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"beac2b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f52ca20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f52ca20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6373365 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6373365\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>In this article a Lassa fever dynamics control that incorporates quarantine class is proposed. The population is sub-divided into two sub population namely the human and rodent class. The human population was sub-divided into four sub-classes: susceptible, S_H (t), infected, I_H (t), quarantine, Q_H (t) and recovered, Q_H (t) humans while the rodent class is sub-divided into susceptible, S_R (t) and infected, I_R (t)rodents. The Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) was analysed and investigated using stability theory of differential equations. The sufficient condition for disease free equilibrium was checked using Jacobian matrix approach. It wasshown that the introduced quarantine parameter helps in controlling and eradication of Lassa fever virus in the population with respect to time.Numerical simulations were also carried out to investigate the influence of key parameters on the spread of the disease, especially the quarantine parameter to support the analytical conclusion and illustrate possible behavioural scenario of the model.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 44-50<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 27 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-770238082\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-770238082\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-15666d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15666d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0b7134 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0b7134\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0759a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0759a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>N. O. Nweze<\/strong><br \/>Statistics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph I. K<\/strong><br \/>Statistics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alhaji Ismail S.<\/strong><br \/>Mathematics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lucas W. L.<\/strong><br \/>Mathematics Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B.1022, Keffi, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>A. Z. Loko<\/strong><br \/>Department of Statistics, Osun State College of Science and Technology, Esa-Oke, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-770238083\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-770238083\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a4ac010 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a4ac010\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c3c661 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c3c661\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a14894 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a14894\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Fisher \u2013Hosh, S. P., Tomori, O., Nasidi A, Perez-Oronoz, G. I., Fakile Y., Hutwagner, L., &amp; McCormick, J. B. (1995). Review of Cases of nosocomial Lassa fever Nigeria: the High Price of Poor Medical Practice. Pp 857-9<br \/>[2] Okuonghae, D. &amp;Okuonghae, A I. (2006). A Mathematical Model for Lassa fever.Journal of National Association of mathematical Physics,10:457-464.<br \/>[3] Ogabi, C.O., Olusa, T.V. &amp;Madufor, M. A. (2012). Controlling Lassa fever Transmission in Northern Part of Edo State, Nigeria Using SIR Model.New York Science Journal,5(12):3-8<br \/>[4] Bawa, G. S., Abia, E. E., Omage, J. J., Hassan, M. R., Abdul, S. B. (2013). Nutritive value of Dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus CV. Rongai forage Cut at Different Stages of Growth on Performance of Weaned rabbits. Nigeria J. Anim. Sci., 15: Pp 23-36<br \/>[5] Omale, D. &amp;Edibo T. E., (2016). Mathematical Models for Lassa fever Transmission with Control Strategies. Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics &amp;Allied Research Journal Vol. 6 No. 4.<br \/>[6] McCormick, J. B., Webb, P.A., Krebs. J. W., Johnson. K. M, Smith, E. S. (1987). A Prospective Study of the Epidemiology and Ecology of Lassa fever.J Infect Dis., 155:437- 444.<br \/>[7] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC) (2015). &#8220;Lassa Fever Surveillance-United States, 1981\u20132008&#8221;.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report60 (21): 689\u201393. PMID 21637182.<br \/>[8] Olaniyi, S. &amp;obabiyi, O. S. (2013). Mathematical Model for Malaria Transmission Tynamics in Human and Mosquito Populations with Nonlinear Forces of Infection.International journal of pure and applied Mathematics, 88(1):125-156<br \/>[9] Onuorah, M . O., Ojo, M. .S., Usman, D . J., &amp;Ademu, A. (2016). Basic Reproductive Number for the Spread and Control of Lassa fever. International Journal of Mathematics Trends and Technology (IJMTT)<br \/>[10] Diekmann, O., Heesterbeek, J.A.P. &amp; Metz. J.A.J, (1990).On the Definition and the Computation of the Basic Reproduction Number, in Models of Infectious Diseases in Heterogeneous Populations.J. Math. Biol., Volume 28, PP: 365-382.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-770238084\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-770238084\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e5086dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e5086dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba11680 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba11680\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76fa0e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76fa0e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>N. O. Nweze, Joseph I. K, Alhaji Ismail S., Lucas W. L., A. Z. Loko &#8220;Modelling Lassa fever Dynamics Incorporating Quarantine Rate &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.44-50 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/44-50.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-770238085\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-770238085\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8ca8ba8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ca8ba8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d956764 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d956764\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54696e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54696e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Modelling Lassa fever Dynamics Incorporating Quarantine Rate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/44-50.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a666ff0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a666ff0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-345a92b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"345a92b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-966d4af elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"966d4af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/51-54.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Heavy Metal Loads in Selected Vegetables Raised With Roadside Soils in South-Western Nigeria: Suitability for Consumption\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/51-54.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHeavy Metal Loads in Selected Vegetables Raised With Roadside Soils in South-Western Nigeria: Suitability for Consumption\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63d7278 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63d7278\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ekundayo, T.O., Kekere, O, Fatoba, P.O May 2020 Page No.: 51-54<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-051b31e e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"051b31e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"5354270\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-53542701\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-53542701\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-53542701\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-53542702\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-53542702\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-53542702\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-53542703\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-53542703\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-53542703\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-53542704\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-53542704\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-53542704\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-53542705\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-53542705\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-53542705\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-53542701\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-53542701\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-172a4ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"172a4ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90ddb50 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90ddb50\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8acfac1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8acfac1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Heavy metal contamination of vegetables cannot be underestimated as these foodstuffs are important components of human diet. A study to investigate the heavy metal content in four selected vegetables (<em>Amaranthus virdis,\u00a0<\/em><em>Corchorus olitorus, Solanum melogena\u00a0<\/em>and<em>\u00a0Abelmoschus esculentus<\/em>) raised with Akure-Ilesa and Ife-Ibadan roadside soils was carried out. Soil samples were collected at two different locations each along Akure-Ilesa and Ife-Ibadan road. The samples were digested using Aqua regia method and heavy metals; Cd, Pb, Cr and Zn contents determined with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The study revealed that the vegetables varied in the amount of heavy metals absorbed from the soil. Of all the four raised vegetables\u00a0<em>Abelmoschus esculentus\u00a0<\/em>had the highest content of 0.391, 0.041, 0.042 and 0.516 mg\/kg for Akure-Ilesa and 0.420, 0.037, 0.045 and 0.550 mg\/kg for Ife-Ibadan of Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn respectively. It can be concluded that the selected vegetables accumulated high concentrations of Pb and Zn but low amount of Cd and Cr.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 51-54<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 05 June 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-53542702\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-53542702\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-df62bb8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df62bb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1bb09e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a1bb09e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c403ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c403ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ekundayo, T.O.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko P.M.B. 001, Akungba Ondo State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kekere, O<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko P.M.B. 001, Akungba Ondo State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fatoba, P.O<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-53542703\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-53542703\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-41de9f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41de9f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdf0e12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fdf0e12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8984406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8984406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Akbar, K.F., Hale, W.H.G., Headley, A.D. and Athar, M. (2006). Heavy metal contamination of roadside soils of Northern England. Soil Water Res. 4:158\u2013163.<br \/>[2] Ayodele, J.T. and Oluyomi, C.D, (2011). Grass contamination by trace metals from road traffic. J. Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol., 3(3): 60-67.<br \/>[3] Bowen, H.J.M. (1979). Environmental Chemistry of the Elements. 1st Edn.. Academic Press, London, England, ISBN: 0121204502.<br \/>[4] Chandan, B. and Kumar, A. (2004). Studies on air pollution due to automobile exhaust in tribal dominated area of Jharkhand, India. Journal Curr. Science, 5(1):307\u2013310.<br \/>[5] David, H. H., Jeana, M. and Catherine, S. (2008). Heavy metals in North Carolina Soils. (www.ncagr.gov\/agronomi).<br \/>[6] Feig, D.I., Reid, T.M. and Loeb, L.A. (1994). Reactive oxygen species in tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 54 (Suppl.): 1890\u20131894.<br \/>[7] Gibbes, H. and Chen, C. (1989). Evaluation of issues relating to the carcinogens risk assessment of chromium. Sci. Total Environ. 86 (1): 181\u2013186.<br \/>[8] Harrop, D.O., Mumby, K., Pepper, B and Bolan, J. (1990). Heavy metal levels in the near vicinity to road in a North London Borough. Sci. Total Environ., 93:543-546.<br \/>[9] Hartwig, A. (1998). Carcinogenicity of metal compounds: possible role of DNA repair inhibition. Toxicol. Lett. 102: 235\u2013239.<br \/>[10] Horsfall, M.N. and Spiff, A.I. (1999). Speciation of heavy metals in intertidal sediments of okrika river system (Nigeria). Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 13: 1-9.<br \/>[11] Howard, H. (2002). Human Health and Heavy Metal Exposure: In: Life Support: the Environment and Human Health. Ch. 4, Michael McCally (ed), MITpress.<br \/>[12] Jarup, L. (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br. Med. Bull. 68, 167\u2013182.<br \/>[13] Jassir, M.S., Shaker, A. and Khaliq, M.A. (2005). Deposition of heavy metals on green leafy vegetables sold on roadsides of Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 75: 1020\u20131027.<br \/>[14] Khillare, P.S., Balachandran, S. and Meena, B.R. (2004). Spatial and temporal variation of heavy metals in atmospheric aerosols of Delhi. Environ. Monit. Assess. 90: 1\u201321.<br \/>[15] McDowell, L.R. (1997). Minerals for grazing ruminants in tropical regions (3rd Ed). University of Florida, Gainesville.<br \/>[16] Oyedele, D.J., Obioh, I.B., Adejumo, J.A., Oluwole, A.F., Aina, P.O., Aubiojo, O.I. (1995). Lead contamination of soils and vegetation in the vicinity of a lead smelter in Nigeria. The Sci. of the Total Environ. 172:189-195.<br \/>[17] Pilot, C.H. and Dragan, P.Y. (1996). Chemical carcinogenesis. In: Casarett, Doulls (Eds.),Toxicology International Edition, fifth ed. McGraw Hill, New York, pp. 201\u2013260.<br \/>[18] Radwan, M.A. and Salama, A.K. (2006). Market basket survey for some heavy metals in Egyptian fruits and vegetables. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44: 1273\u20131278.<br \/>[19] Saplakog\u00a2lu, U. and Iscan, M. (1997). DNA single-strand breakage in rat lung, liver and kidney after single and combined treatments of nickel and cadmium. Mutat. Res. 394 (1): 133\u2013140.<br \/>[20] Sharma, R.K., Agrawal, M. and Marshall, F.M. (2007). Heavy metals contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India. Ecotox. Environ. Saf. 66: 258\u2013266.<br \/>[21] Singh, S. and Kumar, M. (2006). Heavy metal load of soil, water and vegetables in periurban Delhi. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 120: 71\u201379.<br \/>[22] Sinha, S., Gupta, A.K., Bhatt, K., Pandey, K., Rai, U.N. and Singh, K.P. (2006). Distribution of metals in the edible plants grown at Jajmau, Kanpur (India) receiving treated tannery wastewater: relation with physiochemical properties of the soil. Environ. Monit. Assess. 115: 1\u201322.<br \/>[23] Staessen, J.A., Roels, H.A., Emelianov, D., Kuznetsova, T., Thijs, L. and Vangronsveld, J. (1999). Environmental exposure to cadmium, forearm bone density, and risk of fractures: Prospective population study. Public Health and Environmental Exposure to Cadmium (PheeCad) Study Group. Lancet 353: 1140-1144.<br \/>[24] Trichopoulos, D. (1997). Epidemiology of cancer. In: DeVita, V.T. (Ed.), Cancer, Principles and Practice of Oncology. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, pp. 231\u2013258.<br \/>[25] Trusby, P. (2003). Impact of heavy metals on forest trees from mining areas. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining and the Environment III, October 24, 2005, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.<br \/>[26] Wong, C.S.C., Li, X.D., Zhang, G., Qi, S.H. and Peng, X.Z. (2003). Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in the Pearl River Delta, China. Atmospheric Environment. 37(6):767\u2013776.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-53542704\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-53542704\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b31ad18 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b31ad18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3089d1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b3089d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b9d2a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b9d2a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ekundayo, T.O., Kekere, O, Fatoba, P.O &#8220;Heavy Metal Loads in Selected Vegetables Raised With Roadside Soils in South-Western Nigeria: Suitability for Consumption &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.51-54 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/51-54.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-53542705\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-53542705\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-87e3a83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"87e3a83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12d0497 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"12d0497\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ffedb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ffedb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Heavy Metal Loads in Selected Vegetables Raised With Roadside Soils in South-Western Nigeria: Suitability for Consumption \" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/51-54.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d871b26 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d871b26\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a30775f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a30775f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e626ff3 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"e626ff3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/55-60.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Assessment of the Short-term Effect of Different Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Population, Biomass Carbon and Microbial Diversity in Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Based Soil\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/55-60.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAssessment of the Short-term Effect of Different Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Population, Biomass Carbon and Microbial Diversity in Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Based Soil\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-338feee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"338feee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Iwoh, E. F., Onyegbula, O. D., Ibok, I. U. and Peter U. U. May 2020 Page No.: 55-60<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a6c68 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"97a6c68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"159018088\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180881\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180881\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1590180881\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180882\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180882\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1590180882\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180883\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180883\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1590180883\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180884\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180884\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1590180884\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180885\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180885\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1590180885\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1590180881\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180881\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-6727cf8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6727cf8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1eb162 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e1eb162\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-958b942 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"958b942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>A field experiment was conducted to examine the short-term impacts of replacing inorganic by organic fertilizers on the soil microbial community and biomass carbon relevant for soil fertility and crop yield, using randomized complete block design; with Ginger (<em>Zingiber officinale<\/em>) as the test plant. Three types of fertilization regimes were compared as treatments: Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium (NPK) fertilizer, Poultry manure (PM), Lime (LM) and non-fertilized (Control). Soil samples were collected from the surface (0-20 cm) soil for physicochemical properties, and microbial analysis before and after treatments at monthly intervals for 3 months. The data were subjected to Duncan new multiple range\u2019s test at p\u22640.05. Cultural morphology and biochemical identification were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Results obtained showed that the organically treated plot recorded the maximum microbial population counts (bacterial and fungal) and\u00a0<\/strong><strong>microbial biomass<\/strong><strong>\u00a0carbon, followed by the inorganically treated plot and control. A significant variation in bacterial population was found between control and treated plots (organic and inorganic) at p\u22640.05. Organic plot also exhibited a significant variation in fungal population with the inorganically treated plot and control (p\u22640.05). The application of organic fertilizers increased the organic carbon content of the soil and thereby increasing the microbial counts and\u00a0<\/strong><strong>microbial biomass<\/strong><strong>\u00a0carbon as well as microbial diversity trait. The use of inorganic fertilizers resulted in low organic carbon content, microbial counts and\u00a0<\/strong><strong>microbial biomass<\/strong><strong>\u00a0carbon of the soil, although it increased the soil\u2019s NPK level which could be explained by the rates of fertilizers being applied. Microbial isolates and percentage occurrence in the soil sample were; Staphylococcus aureus (100%), Bacillus cereus (100%), Escherichia coli (100%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (86.7%), Streptococcus pyogenes (86.7%), Proteus mirabilis(53.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (100%), Enterobacter cloacae (53.3%), Rhizobium (60.0%), Clostridium sp (53.3%), Fusarium (53.3%), Clasdosporium (53.3%), Penicillium\u00a0 nalgiovense (60.0%) and Aspergillus niger (80.0%). A link between different fertilizers application and soil microbial components was tentatively established, but needs to be verified in further studies.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 55-60<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 05 June 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1590180882\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180882\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c0d6676 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c0d6676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e30f0d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e30f0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c42e307 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c42e307\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iwoh, E. F.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria<br \/>National Root Crops Research Institute Umudike, P.M.B. 7006 Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onyegbula, O. D.<\/strong><br \/>National Root Crops Research Institute Umudike, P.M.B. 7006 Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibok, I. U.<\/strong><br \/>Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Peter U. U.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1590180883\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180883\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4883ad6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4883ad6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b6a73a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b6a73a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac3aab7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac3aab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Anderson, J. M. and Ingram, J. S. (1993). Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility: A Handbook of Methods. 2nd Edn., CAB. International, Oxfordshire, Wallingford, UK., ISBN: 0-85198-821-0.<br \/>[2] Chikere, C.B., Okpokwasili G.C and Ichiakor O. (2009). Characterization of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in tropical marine sediments. AfricanJournal of Biotechnology 8(11): 2541-2544.<br \/>[3] Devi, S., Sharma, C. R and Singh, K.. (2012). Microbiological biodiversity in poultry and paddy straw wastes in composting systems. Braz . J. Microbiol. 43: pp. 288-296<br \/>[4] Emtsev, VT, Sokolova A. Y., Selitskayam, O.V. (2010). Protective effect of Klebsiella bacteria on lawn grasses under conditions of soil salinization. Eurasian Soil Sci. 43(7): 771-776.<br \/>[5] Girvan, M.S., Bullimore, J., Ball, A.S., Pretty, J.N and Osborn, A.M. (2004). Response of active bacterial and fungal communities in soil under winter wheat to different fertilizer and pesticide regiments. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 70: 2692-2701.<br \/>[6] Islam, M. R., Chauhan, P.S., Kim, Y., Kim, M and Sa, T. (2011). Community level functional diversityand enzyme activitiesin paddy soil under different long-term fertilizer managementpractices. Biol. Fert. Soils. 47:599-604.<br \/>[7] Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. 1st Edn., Prentice Hall Ltd., New Delhi, India, Pages: 498.<br \/>[8] Kang, G.S., V. Beri, O.P. Rupela and Sidhu, B.S. (2005). A new index to assess soil quality and sustainability of wheat based cropping systems. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 41: 389-398.<br \/>[9] Kourtev, P., Ehrenfeld, J and H\u00e4ggblom, M. (2003). Experimental analysis of the effect of exotic and native plant species on the structure and function of soil microbial communities. Journal of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35:895\u2013905.<br \/>[10] Kumar, U., Nayak, A.K., Shahid, M., Gupta, V.V.S.R., Panneerselvan, P., Mohanty, S., Kaviraj, M.,Kumar, A., Chatterjee, D., Lal, B., Gautam, P., Tripathi, R and Panda, B.B. (2018). Continuous application of inorganic and organic fertilizers over years in paddy soil alters the the bacterial community structure and its influence on rice production. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 22: pp 5-75.<br \/>[11] Kumar, V., Ghosh, B.C. and Bhat, R. (2000). Complementary effect of crop wastes and inorganic fertilizers on yield, nutrient uptake and residual fertility in mustard (Brassica juncea)-rice (Oryza sativa) cropping sequence. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 70: 69-72.<br \/>[12] Levy-booth, D. J., Prescott, C. E and Grayston, S. J. (2014). Microbial functional genes involved in nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification in forest ecosystems. Soil Biol. Biochem. 75: pp 11-25.<br \/>[13] Li, J., Yang-ting, L., Xiang-dong, Y., Jian-jun, Z., Zhian, L and Zhao, B. Q. (2015). Microbial community structure and functional diversity are associated with organic carbon availiability in an agricultural soil. J. Int. Agric. Pp 61229-61231<br \/>[14] Li, Z. P., Wu, X. C and Chen, B. Y. (2007). Changes in transformation of soil organic C and functional diversity of microbial community under different land uses. Agr. Sci. china. 6:pp 1235-1245.<br \/>[15] Liu, B., Gumpertz, M. L., Hu,S and Ristaino, J.B. (2007). Long term effects of organic and synthetic soil fertility amendments on soil microbial communities and development of southern blight. Soil Boil. Biochem. 39: pp. 2302-2316.<br \/>[16] Mader, P., Fliebbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P. and Niggli, U. (2002). Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. Science, 296: 1694-1697.<br \/>[17] Mele, P.M. and Crowley, D. E. (2008). Application of self-organizing maps for assessing soil biological quality. Agric Ecosyst Environ 126:139\u2013152.<br \/>[18] Nannipieri, P., Ascher, J., Ceccherin,I M.T., Landi, L., Pietramellara, G and Renella, G. (2003). Microbial diversity and soil functions. Eur J Soil Sci 54:655\u2013670.<br \/>[19] Nayak, P. K., Nayak, A. K.., Panda, B.B., Lal, B., Gautam, P., Poonam, A., Shahid, M., Tripathi, R., Kumar, U., Mohapatra, S.D and Jambhulkar, N.N. (2018). Ecological mechanisms and diversity in rice based integrated farming system. Ecol. Indic., 91: pp. 359-375.<br \/>[20] Onifade, A. K., Abubakar, F. A. and Ekundayo, F. O. (2007). Bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil in Niger Delta arear of Nigeria using enhanced natural attenuation. Research Journal of Applied Sciences. 2:498-504<br \/>[21] Parham, J. A., Deng, S. P., Da, H. N., Sun, H.Y and Raun, W.R. (2003). Long-term cattle manure application in soil. II. Effect on soil microbial populations and community structure. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 38: 209-215.<br \/>[22] Pennanen, T. (2001). Microbial communities in boreal coniferous forest humus exposed to heavy metals and changes in soil pH- a summary of the use of phospholipid fatty acids biolog and 3H-thymidine incorporation methods in field studies. Geoderma, 100: 91-126<br \/>[23] Potthof, M., Steenwerth, K. L., Jackson, L. E., Drenovsky, R. E., Scow, K. M and Joergensen, R. G. (2006). Soil microbial community compositionas affected by restoration practices in california grassland. Soil Boil. Biochem. 38: pp 1851-1860.<br \/>[24] Saeki, M and Toyota, K. (2004). Effect of bensulfuron-methyl on the soil bacterial community of a paddy soil microcosm, Biol. Fertile.soils. (40) 110-118.<br \/>[25] Shubha, S., Devakumar, N., Rao, G.G.E., Gowda, S.B., Rahmann, G., A and Aksoy, U. (2014). Effect of seed treatment, panchagavya application and organic farming systems on soil microbial population, growth and yield of maize. Proceedings of the 4th ISOFAR Scientific conference, ISOFAR, Instanbul. pp 631.<br \/>[26] Yu, C., Hu, W., Deng, W.,Li, Y., Xiaong, C., Ye, C., Han, G. M and Li, X. (2015). Changes in soil microbial community structure and functional diversity in the rhizosphere surrounding mulberry subjected to long- term fertilization. Appl. Soil Ecol. 8:pp 30-40.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1590180884\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180884\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-d1a1764 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d1a1764\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ed16b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23ed16b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd916c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd916c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Iwoh, E. F., Onyegbula, O. D., Ibok, I. U. and Peter U. U. &#8220;Assessment of the Short-term Effect of Different Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Population, Biomass Carbon and Microbial Diversity in Ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale<\/i>) Based Soil&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.55-60 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/55-60.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1590180885\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1590180885\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9012141 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9012141\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2dca13 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2dca13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e71845 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e71845\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a style=\"box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out; outline: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;\" title=\"Assessment of the Short-term Effect of Different Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Population, Biomass Carbon and Microbial Diversity in Ginger (&lt;i&gt;Zingiber officinale&lt;\/i&gt;) Based Soil\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/55-60.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-596c7fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"596c7fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f11857a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f11857a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b33f3 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"36b33f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/61-68.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Technical Efficiency of Maize Production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/61-68.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTechnical Efficiency of Maize Production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4700df0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4700df0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ayodele, J.T., Ijah, A.A., Ishola, B.F., Danbaki, C.A., Yahaya, U.F., Oladele, O.N. May 2020 Page No.: 61-68<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e560e92 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"e560e92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"240520850\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208501\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208501\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2405208501\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208502\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208502\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2405208502\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208503\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208503\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2405208503\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208504\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208504\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2405208504\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208505\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208505\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2405208505\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2405208501\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208501\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-5e3317f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e3317f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1afedb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1afedb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91268ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91268ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This study examined the technical efficiency of maize production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State , Nigeria. Primary data were collected for this study using a multistage sampling technique to select 100 maize farmers from the study area. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and stochastic production frontier. The socio-economic characteristics of respondents as evident from the data analysis revealed that 87% were males with 99% of the farmers in their working age group of between 21-60 years. Most (81%) of them were married with 52 % of the maize farmers having household size of more than 5 people . Also, 52.0% had post primary school education and 72 % of the farmers had 2hectares of farm size and above while only 34 % of the farmers had above 5years of experience in maize farming. The result also revealed that all the variables measured positively influenced maize output but those that were significant are farm size (\u03b10.01) and fertilizer (\u03b10.01) while those factors that significantly affecting inefficiency were age(\u03b10.01), extension services (\u03b10.01),maize variety (\u03b10.01), access to credit (\u03b10.01) and educational level (\u03b10.01). However access to credit was positively signed which negate a priori expectation. Mean technical efficiency level of the farmers is estimated to be 54%, indicating that the possibility of increasing maize output in the study area given the current state of technology and inputs level can be achieved in the short run by increasing the technical efficiency level of the farmers by 46% through the adoption of practices of the best maize farmer. The study recommended that provision should be made by governments and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector to provide farmers with access to affordable inputs such as seed, pesticides, herbicides, as well as making provision for alternative source of labour.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 61-68<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 12 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2405208502\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208502\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-16d1513 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"16d1513\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-614309c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"614309c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7129f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7129f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayodele, J.T.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ijah, A.A.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ishola, B.F.<\/strong><br \/>Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Danbaki, C.A.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yahaya, U.F.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oladele, O.N.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2405208503\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208503\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-70d5d5e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70d5d5e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ce1cb7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ce1cb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c809e12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c809e12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Alabi J, Musa, D.and Filein, W. (2005). Seed Systems in Sub-Sahara Africa: issues and options. The World Bank Discussion paper 266: The World Bank, Washington D.C USA.<br \/>[2]. Alvi, M.B., Rafique, M., Tariq, M.S., Hussain, A., Mahmood. T., et. al. (2003) Hybrid vigour of some quantitative characters in maize (Zea mays L). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6: 139-141.<br \/>[3]. Amaza, P. S., Onu, J. I. and Okunmadewa, F. Y. (2001). Identification of factors that influence the technical efficiency of cotton farmers in Nigeria. Nigerian Agricultural Development Studies, 2(1): 133-145.<br \/>[4]. Ayinde , Idris Akanbi., Aminu, Raheem Olatunji and Ibrahim, Shakirat Bolatito (2015).Technical efficiency of maize production in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 7(2): 55-60.<br \/>[5]. Ayodele, J.T.(2019). Determinants and Resource Use Efficiency of Groundnut Production in Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) |Volume IV, Issue VII,Pp 81 \u2013 85.<br \/>[6]. Carlson, B. (1968). The measurements of efficiency in production. An application to Swedish manufacturing industries. Swedish Journal of Economics, 74:468\u2013485.<br \/>[7]. Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 120:253-290. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2307\/234310<br \/>[8]. Greene, W. H. (2008). The Econometric Approach to Efficiency Analysis. The Measurement of Productive Efficiency and Productivity Change, 92-250.<br \/>[9]. Kumbhakar, S. C. and Lovell, C. A. K. (2000). Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.<br \/>[10]. Kumar, D and Jhariya, A.N. (2013) Nutritional, medicinal and economical importance of corn: A mini review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.<br \/>[11]. Kuwornu , John K. M., Emmanuel Amoah and Wayo Seini (2013). Technical EfficiencyAnalysis of Maize Farmers in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 4( 2).:84-99.<br \/>[12]. Murtala.F., Ocra, V.K., Dehimini, I.C., Asuboah, R.A andAsuedu E.A. (2004), Seed Management Manual to Ghana, Mofa, Accra. Chanu Loaf, 3(1):30-41.<br \/>[13]. Ng\u2019ombe, John and Kalinda, Thomson (2015).A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Maize Production Under Minimum Tillage in Zambia. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 4( 2):31-46.<br \/>[14]. Ogundari, K. and Ojo, S. O. (2007). Economic Efficiency of small scale food crop production in Nigeria: A stochastic frontier approach. Journal of Social Sciences (JSS), 14(2):123-130.<br \/>[15]. Olayide, S.O and Heady, E.O. (1982). Introduction to Agricultural Production Economics. Ibadan: University of Ibadan Press, Nigeria.<br \/>[16]. Oyewo, I.O. (2011).Technical efficiency of maize production in Oyo State. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 3(4):211-216.<br \/>[17]. Sadiq, M.S., Yakassai, M.T., Ahmad, M.M., Lakpene, T.Y., and Abubakar, M. (2013). Profitability and Production Efficiency of Small-Scale Maize Production in Niger State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics(IOSR-JAP),3(4):19 \u2013 23.<br \/>[18]. Taru, V.B., Kyagya, I.Z., Mshelia, S.I., and Adebayo, E.F.(2008). Economic Efficiency of Resource Use in Groundnut Production in Adamawa State of Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4: 896 \u2013 900.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2405208504\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208504\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-0a9c79d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0a9c79d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b4c69d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b4c69d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeeb471 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aeeb471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ayodele, J.T., Ijah, A.A., Ishola, B.F., Danbaki, C.A., Yahaya, U.F., Oladele, O.N. &#8220;Technical Efficiency of Maize Production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.61-68 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/61-68.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2405208505\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2405208505\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-99cade3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"99cade3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6017c8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6017c8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a6e334 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a6e334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Technical Efficiency of Maize Production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/61-68.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-541428d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"541428d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92576b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"92576b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79f18d7 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"79f18d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/69-79.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Budget Analysis of the Capital Expenditure Trend of Local Governments in Rivers State, Nigeria (2003-2017)\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/69-79.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBudget Analysis of the Capital Expenditure Trend of Local Governments in Rivers State, Nigeria (2003-2017)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afefde8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"afefde8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sampson Alele Beals May 2020 Page No.: 69-79<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ae5d75 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"7ae5d75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"128867701\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677011\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677011\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1288677011\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677012\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677012\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1288677012\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677013\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677013\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1288677013\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677014\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677014\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1288677014\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677015\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677015\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1288677015\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1288677011\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677011\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-090669b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"090669b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90e6ebc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90e6ebc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a6b5f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a6b5f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Capital expenditures of Local governments form the spring board for infrastructure development. The strength and pattern of capital expenditure over time can reveal the nature of government emphasis on infrastructure provision. This study analyses the budgetary trend of capital expenditure of Rivers State Local government areas. The population of this study is the 23 local governments of Rivers state, Nigeria. Secondary data were collected which included both aggregate capital expenditure and disaggregate capital expenditure of selected infrastructure sectors spanning 2003-2017 from yearly appropriation bill or budgets of local governments in the state. Using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Study reveals that capital expenditure as a percentage of the total revenue expenditure of government is low in the local government areas of Rivers state. Further, the spatial distribution of capital expenditure significantly differs across the LGAs and across infrastructural sectors. Forecasting capital expenditure from one local government to another is thus difficult. The local government expenditures are more on recurrent expenditure in comparison to capital expenditure. This depicts a poor situation for infrastructural development in the LGAs. It is recommended that the local governments allocate more funds to capital expenditures than recurrent expenditures, and beef up their capital expenditures to health and agriculture\/rural development which are noted to be neglected but are fore front sectors that are quite needful.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 69-79<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 15 June 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1288677012\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677012\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-98a0044 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"98a0044\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e87ce6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e87ce6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fb7265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5fb7265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sampson Alele Beals<\/strong><br \/>Department of Quantity Surveying, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1288677013\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677013\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7ae9a19 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ae9a19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16067a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"16067a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159c94f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"159c94f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Afonso, A. &amp; Alves, J. (2016). Reconsidering Wagner\u2019s Law: evidence from the functions of the government. Lisbon School of Economics and Managemant. Working Paper. https:\/\/pdfs. Semanticscholar .org\/ 5e5c\/fa3d794d2cf22c913f5ec2a533ca6bc9eba9.pdf<br \/>[2]. Agbakoba O, &amp; Ogbonna H (2004). Local Government Administration and Development in Nigeria, A capacity Building Manuals, Lagos: Hurilaws Publications.<br \/>[3]. Aigheyisi, O. S. (2013). The Relative Impacts of Federal Capital and Recurrent Expenditures on Nigeria\u2019s Economy (1980-2011). American Journal of Economics, 3(5), 210-211<br \/>[4]. Akanbi, O. A. (2013). Does Governance Matter In Infrastructure: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, International Business &amp; Economics Research Journal, 12(1), 113-119<br \/>[5]. Bolatito, S. &amp; Ibrahim, S. (2014). Challenges of Local Government Administration In Nigeria; An Appraisal of Nigerian Experience. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 3 (7), 10<br \/>[6]. Edame, G.E. &amp; Fonta, W.M. (2014). The Impact of Government Expenditure on Infrastructure in Nigeria: A Co-integration &amp; Error Correction Specification. International Journal of African and Asian Studies, 3, 4-7.<br \/>[7]. Eichler, J. P., Wegener, A., &amp; Zimmermann, U. (2012). Financing Local Infrastructure \u2013 Linking Local Governments and Financial Markets. Bonn and Eschborn, Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr.<br \/>[8]. Gukat, B. &amp; Ogboru, I. (2017). An Empirical Analysis of Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Development Studies. 5(4),122-134.<br \/>[9]. Hattery, M. &amp; Duane, W. (1999). How to develop a multiyear capital plan: planning saves time and money. Water Sense. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nesc.wvu.edu\/ndwc\/ articles\/OT\/SU04\/CapitalWS_SU99.pdf<br \/>[10]. Idahosa, S. A. &amp; Nchuchuwe, F.F (2005); Local Government Finances in Nigeria: Issues in Generation, Utilization, Accountability and Service Delivery. Nigerian Journal of Policy and Development, 4, 100 -132.<br \/>[11]. Jumare, B. (2003). The Structure of Growth in Local Government Expenditure (1993 &#8211; 2001). http:\/\/www.gamji.com\/article1000\/NEWS1253.htm<br \/>[12]. Kuntari, Y., Chariri, A. and Prabowo, T. J. W. (2019). Capital Expenditure of Local<br \/>[13]. Governments. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 23 (1), 1-2.<br \/>[14]. Mahdavi, S. &amp; Westerlund, J. (2017). Are State\u2013Local Government Expenditures Converging? New Evidence Based on Sequential Unit Root Tests. Empirical Economics. (53),373.<br \/>[15]. Modebe, N. J., Okafor, R. G., Onwumere, J.U. J., &amp; Ibe, I. G. (2012). Impact of Recurrent and Capital Expenditure on Nigeria\u2019s Economic Growth. European Journal of Business and Management. 4 (19), 66-67.<br \/>[16]. Ojugbeli, F.A. &amp; James, O (2014). The Joint Account System in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Journal of Policy and Development Studies, 9 (1), 2-9.<br \/>[17]. Okafor, C. &amp; Eiya, O. (2011). Determinants of Growth in Government Expenditure: An Empirical Analysis of Nigeria. Research Journal of Business Management, 5, 44-50.<br \/>[18]. Otiwu, K.C; Chukwu, L.C; Okere, P.A. (2018). The Effect of Public Expenditure on the Economic Growth in Nigeria (1980-2013). Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. 9 (4), 90.<br \/>[19]. Otto, G. &amp; Ukpere, W. (2014). Rural Development Projects in Nigeria: The case of Rivers State . Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (3), 610-611.<br \/>[20]. Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST) (2020). Time-Trend Analysis, Time Series Designs. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.healthknowledge.org.uk\/public-health-textbook\/research-methods\/1a-epidemiology\/time-trend-analysis.<br \/>[21]. Sigmund, E., Ba\u010fura, P., Sigmundov\u00e1, D., Cs\u00e9my, L., Kalman, M. (2017). Methodological Aspects of Trend Studies and Development of the Hbsc Study in the Czech Republic. Cent Eur J Public Health, 25 (1), S4\u2013S5.<br \/>[22]. The US Census Bureau (2012). http:\/\/www.census.gov\/govs\/ school\/definitions.html .<br \/>[23]. Wendorf, J. (2005). Capital Budgeting from a Local Government Perspective, SPNA review, 1 (1: 6), 73, 75.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1288677014\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677014\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5db8fcb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5db8fcb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-957f6bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"957f6bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d16b7a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d16b7a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sampson Alele Beals &#8220;Budget Analysis of the Capital Expenditure Trend of Local Governments in Rivers State, Nigeria (2003-2017)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.69-79 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/69-79.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1288677015\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1288677015\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-88545f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"88545f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c89222 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4c89222\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-406b0f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"406b0f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Budget Analysis of the Capital Expenditure Trend of Local Governments in Rivers State, Nigeria (2003-2017)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/69-79.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2d32fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b2d32fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-639ac24 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"639ac24\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ec3789 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"9ec3789\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/80-92.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Demographic Effects on Public Capital Expenditures of Infrastructure Sectors in Rivers State Local Government Areas, Nigeria (2003-2017)\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/80-92.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDemographic Effects on Public Capital Expenditures of Infrastructure Sectors in Rivers State Local Government Areas, Nigeria (2003-2017)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4256d97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4256d97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sampson Alele Beals May 2020 Page No.: 80-92<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1781ad e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"b1781ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"186089901\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899011\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899011\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1860899011\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899012\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899012\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1860899012\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899013\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899013\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1860899013\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899014\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899014\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1860899014\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899015\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899015\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1860899015\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1860899011\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899011\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-aa4736b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aa4736b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f97f29c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f97f29c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc0e25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dc0e25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Capital investments on public infrastructural development are noted to be influenced by demographic factors though mostly not taken seriously by governments. This study is an empirical assessment of the effect of demographic factors on public infrastructure expenditures in Rivers state local government areas (LGAs) infrastructure sectors. It is a time series study (2003-2017) covering the entire 23 LGAs of Rivers state. Secondary data were collected from government public expenditure records, yearly appropriation bill or budgets, national population commission, National Bureau of Statistics, Central Bank of Nigeria Publications, and some research articles; and comprises capital expenditure (capex) of individual sectors and various demographic variables (population, population density, number of households, and per capita revenue). Data analysis was carried out using mainly multiple regression method. At 5 % level of significance, the study reveals that there is significant relationship between capital expenditure and aggregate demographic factors in Rural electrification, Transportation (roads and bridges), and Community development infrastructure sectors only. However, in relation to individual demographic factors, only population density is relating positively with all sector capital expenditures. Thus this study concludes that capital investments of the said infrastructural sectors are the ones sensitive to the LGAs\u2019 demographic demands. With regards to individual demographic variables, population density is a prominent influencer of capital expenditure. The Study recommends among others that at the LGA\u2019s infrastructure sectors level, though noted that there is significant and positive demographic effect on capital expenditure of very few sectors, government should endeavour to spread the gesture to possibly all other infrastructure sectors.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 80-92<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 15 June 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1860899012\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899012\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3d987f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d987f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2d3e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b0d2d3e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de0baea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de0baea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sampson Alele Beals<\/strong><br \/>Department of Quantity Surveying, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1860899013\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899013\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-de877c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de877c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bcf601 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3bcf601\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e21f6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e21f6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. 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University of Groningen &amp; CESifo Munich. http:\/\/www. rug. nl\/research\/ portal\/files\/ 3086743\/200107. pdf.<br \/>[30]. Teixeira, J., Amoroso, J., and Gresham, J. (2017). Why Education Infrastructure Matters for Learning. Education for Global Development. Retrieved from http:\/\/ worldbank. org\/ education\/why-education-infrastructure-matters-learning<br \/>[31]. Temple, J. (1994). The Debt\/Tax Choice in the Financing of State and Local Capital Expenditures. Journal of Regional Science, 34, 529-547.<br \/>[32]. The Strategist (2013). Theories of Public Expenditures. http:\/\/strategistng. blogspot. com.ng \/2013\/02\/theories-of-public-expenditures.html<br \/>[33]. Tilley, E., Ulrich, L., L\u00fcthi, C., Reymond, P., Zurbr\u00fcgg, C. (2016). Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies, 2nd Revised Edition. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Duebendorf, Switzerland, 175<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1860899014\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899014\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a57ef80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a57ef80\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1c740 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c1c740\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f6f390 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f6f390\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sampson Alele Beals &#8220;Demographic Effects on Public Capital Expenditures of Infrastructure Sectors in Rivers State Local Government Areas, Nigeria (2003-2017)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.80-92 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/80-92.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1860899015\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1860899015\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-11efca6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11efca6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a820694 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a820694\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2fa001 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2fa001\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\" Demographic Effects on Public Capital Expenditures of Infrastructure Sectors in Rivers State Local Government Areas, Nigeria (2003-2017)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/80-92.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7c5cf3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d7c5cf3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28f798c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28f798c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a31ce8b elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"a31ce8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/93-96.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Exploring Better Teaching Methods by Surveying from Computer Science Students (Case Study for Software Engineering)\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/93-96.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExploring Better Teaching Methods by Surveying from Computer Science Students (Case Study for Software Engineering)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0460871 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0460871\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Khin Shin Thant, Thet Thet Aung, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin May 2020 Page No.: 93-96<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4f7188 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"e4f7188\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"240087432\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874321\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874321\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2400874321\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874322\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874322\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2400874322\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874323\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874323\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2400874323\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874324\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874324\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2400874324\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874325\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874325\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2400874325\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2400874321\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874321\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-d5afe06 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5afe06\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d836a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d836a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60ff4f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60ff4f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Software engineer is an engineering discipline. It applies to all aspects of software development from the start of the system. Software Engineering is a field of computer science that involves the development and development of computer software and software applications. Computer software is made up of programs that include computer equipment and operating systems. Software testing is a fundamental function of a software engineer. The main difficult of testing is how the appropriate things to check out the software system do. When software testing is taught in the classroom, student interested upon these subject is centered. This paper is learning better teaching techniques by taking surveys from computer science students (case study for software engineering subject).As the student assessment 10%, assignment 10%, quiz 10%, discussion 10% and tutorial 10% and 60% are examined as three hours exam. Especially, concerned with software testing and the faculty determine which part of the assessment is done more according to average mark of all student in each topic.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 93-96<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 16 June 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2400874322\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874322\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-34e1b2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"34e1b2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b38e59c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b38e59c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04c5f50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04c5f50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Khin Shin Thant<\/strong><br \/>Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Thet Thet Aung<\/strong><br \/>Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin<\/strong><br \/>Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2400874323\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874323\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3147410 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3147410\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f659cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f659cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ab26be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ab26be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. D.Bhatt, \u201cA Survery of Efffective and Efficient Software Testing Technique and Analysis\u201d, (July 2017), IRE JOURNALS, Volume1 Issue 1.<br \/>[2]. Rajendra Kumar, \u201cSoftware Testing Techniques and Strategies\u201d, IJEAST, Vol.2, Issue 2, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 113-117, 2016.<br \/>[3]. Nahid,SusmitaKar, \u201cReview paper on Various Software Testing Techniques and Strategies\u201d, GJCST, Vol.19,Issue 2,2019.<br \/>[4]. HimanshiBabbar,\u201d Softwaare Testing: Techniques and Test Cases\u201d, IJRCAR, ISSN, 2320-7345, Vol.5, Issue.3, page: 44-53, March 2017.<br \/>[5]. Sommerville, Software Engineering, 8 edition.<br \/>[6]. Joseph S.Valacich, Joey F.George, Jeffrey A.Hoffer, \u201cEssentials of Systems Analysis and Design\u201d.<br \/>[7]. S.McConnell, \u201cSoftware Project Survival Guide\u201d, 1998, Microsoft press.<br \/>[8]. B.Boehm, et al., \u201cSoftware Cost Estimation with COCOMO II\u201d, Prentice Hall, 2000.<br \/>[9]. D.J.Reifer, \u201cSoftware Management\u201d, 6th Edition.<br \/>[10]. https:\/\/www.onlineengineeringprograms.com\/faq\/cs-vs-software-engineering<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2400874324\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874324\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b04c56e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b04c56e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4802f4e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4802f4e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ad919c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ad919c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Khin Shin Thant, Thet Thet Aung, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin &#8220;Exploring Better Teaching Methods by Surveying from Computer Science Students (Case Study for Software Engineering)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.93-96 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/93-96.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2400874325\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2400874325\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3e31a6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e31a6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8bb651 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a8bb651\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25df256 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25df256\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Exploring Better Teaching Methods by Surveying from Computer Science Students (Case Study for Software Engineering)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/93-96.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d559acc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d559acc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40c1b52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"40c1b52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13ae5f0 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"13ae5f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/97-101.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves Extract of Nymphaea Lotus\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/97-101.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves Extract of Nymphaea Lotus\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02f894a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"02f894a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abdulrahman Mahmud, Hussain Umar Gende, Sha\u2019aban Sallau, Yushau Salim, Abubakar Abbas, Abubakar Muhammad Zango &amp; Sham\u2019unu Aliyu Isma\u2019il May 2020 Page No.: 97-101<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf124bb e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"cf124bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"217130171\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301711\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301711\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2171301711\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301712\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301712\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2171301712\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301713\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301713\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2171301713\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301714\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301714\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2171301714\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301715\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301715\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2171301715\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2171301711\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301711\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-c0315f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c0315f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b2fbe2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b2fbe2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d73ef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d73ef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong><em>Nymphaea lotus<\/em>, Commonly known as white water lily (English) or Bado (Hausa), belongs to the family Nymphaea-ceace. It is used in traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac, anodyne, astringent, cardiotonic, sedative, demulcent, analgesic and as anti-inflammatory agents.\u00a0 The present study, therefore is aimed at evaluating the chemical components of the plant as well as the antioxidant properties of its ethanolic, ethylacetate, chloroformic, petroleum ether and water extracts. The fresh leaves of\u00a0<em>Nymphaea lotus\u00a0<\/em>was collected from Bauchi LGA, Bauchi State and authenticated in the Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. The fine powdered sample (200g) was macerized until crude extracts was obtained. This was then concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 40<sup>\u00b0<\/sup>C to give a crude ethanol fraction (CF). Extraction yield was also determined (13.2 % recovery). Partition of the crude ethanol fractor was performed further with slight modifications.\u00a0 The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the plants extracts was performed using standard procedures. The results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, terpenes and steroids. The presence of one secondary metabolite in one solvent extract and the absence in another solvent extract might be due to difference in solvent polarity which agrees with the rule of thumb \u2018like dissolves like\u2019. The antioxidants activity of the samples was determined using Reducing Power Assay. The reduction power of ethanol , petroleum ether , chloroform , ethyl acetate , and aqueous extracts of\u00a0<em>Nymphaea lotus<\/em>\u00a0leaf were\u00a0 expressed based on IC<sub>50\u00a0<\/sub>values and the result range from 86.60 \u00b1 0.05 \u00b5g\/cm<sup>3\u00a0<\/sup>\u00a0(IP = 11.57 \u00b1 0.05) to 248.92 \u00b1 0.43 \u00b5g\/cm<sup>3\u00a0<\/sup>\u00a0(IP = 4.77 \u00b1 0.55). Ethyl acetate extract has the lowest value of IC<sub>50\u00a0<\/sub>(86.60 \u00b1 0.05 at 20 \u00b5g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>) while petroleum ether has the highest value of IC<sub>50.\u00a0<\/sub>(248.92 \u00b1 0.43\u00b5g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>. The lower the value of IC<sub>50 (higher<\/sub>\u00a0IP ), the better the antioxidant activity. The result showed that ethyl acetate has the highest antioxidant activity (lower value of IC<sub>50<\/sub>) followed by aqueous extracts and ethanol extract as the lowest. Although, ethyl acetate has the lowest polarity index, it has higher molecular weight compared to ethanol and water. It has been noted that the higher the molecular weight of the solvent the lower the polarity which allows other substances of about the same molecular weight to be easily extracted. However the activity of the extracts was found to be less when compared to the standard (ascorbic acid). IC<sub>50\u00a0<\/sub>value for standard was found to be 34.62 \u00b1 9.39 \u00b5g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0at 20 \u00b5g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 97-101<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 16 June 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2171301712\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301712\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-66b9bac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"66b9bac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ebab88 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ebab88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bec176 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bec176\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdulrahman Mahmud<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hussain Umar Gende<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sha\u2019aban Sallau<\/strong><br \/>Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yushau Salim<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar Abbas<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar Muhammad Zango<\/strong><br \/>Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sham\u2019unu Aliyu Isma\u2019il<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2171301713\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301713\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-856776a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"856776a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3053da5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3053da5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd9b50f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd9b50f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. James, H.D. (2012). Phytochemical Extraction Method, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as Potential Chemotherapeutical Agents of Phytochemicals: A Global perspective of their role: Nutrition and Health.12(1):12-13<br \/>[2]. Sarker, S.D, and Nahar, L. (2007). Chemistry for Pharmacy Students: General, Organic and Natural Products Chemistry. Pp: 283-369. 1st ed. John wyiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<br \/>[3]. Fadimu, O.Y., Ajiboye, A.A., Agboola, D.A., Kadiri, M. &amp; Adedire, M.O. (2012). Effect of some combination of phytohormones on some growth parameters and Vitamins, Carbohydrates, Proteins and chlorophyll content of Spondious mombin (Linn). Ife Journal of Science. 14(2): 397-403.<br \/>[4]. Lushchak, V. I. (2014). Freee radicals reactive oxygen species, oxidadive stress and its classification. Journal of Applied Biology. 5(224): 164-175.<br \/>[5]. Sharaibi, O.J., Ogundipe, O.T., Magbagbeola O.A., Kazeem, M.I., Apolayan, A.J. (2015). Acute and Subacute Toxicity Profile of aqueous leave extract of nymphaea lotus (nymphaeaceae) in wistar rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 14(7): 231-1238.<br \/>[6]. Zhao, H., Zhan, H., Yang, H. (2014). Phenolic compounds and its antioxidants activities in ethanolic extract from seven cultivars of Chinese Jujube. Food Science Human well.3(3-4): 183-190.<br \/>[7]. Parasad, K. N., Hao, J., Chun, Y., Zhang, D. Qiu, S., Jang, Y., Zhan, M., &amp; Chen, F. (2009). Antioxidant and anti cancer activities of medicinal plant. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 6(1): 21-27.<br \/>[8]. Yakubu, H., Abubakar, A., Salim, Y. (2019). Phytochemical screening and anti bacterial activity of root and stem bark of Lannea acida. International Journal of Chemical Science. 3(3):1-6.<br \/>[9]. Adamu, H.M. Salim, Y., Yakubu, H., Abubakar, A. (2019). Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis: a medicinal plant in Bauchi. International Journal of Chemical Science.3(4):37-42.<br \/>[10]. Santhi, K., and Sengottuvel, R. (2016). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of Moringa concanensi. International journal of current microbiology and applied sciences. 5(1): 633-640.<br \/>[11]. Yadav, R.N.S., and Agarwala, M. (2011). Phytochemical analysis of some medicinal plant. Journal of Phytology.3: 10-14.<br \/>[12]. Rajan, S.K., Gill, N., &amp; Arora, R. (2011). Evaluation of antioxidant, anti inflammatory and analgesic potential of the Luffa acutangula roxb.Var.amara. Research Journal of Phytochemistry. 5(1): 633-640.<br \/>[13]. Gende, H.U., Sallau, S., Abubakar, A., Yakubu, H. (2019). Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant activity of stem bark crude extract of Daniellia Oliveri. International Journal of Pharmacy Research and Technology. 10(2): 40-45.<br \/>[14]. Doughari, J.H. (2012). Phytochemicals: extraction methods: Basic structures and mode of action as potential chemotherapeutic agents, phytochemicals \u2013 Aglobal perspective of their role in nutrition and Health Venketershwer, rao.Doi:10.5772\/26052.<br \/>[15]. Kassim, M.J., Hussin, M.H., Ahmad, A., Dahon, N.H., Suan, T.K., Hamdam, H.S. et al. (2011). Determination of total phenols, condensed tannins and flavonoid contents and anti-oxidant activity of Uncaria gambir Extracts. Majalah Farmasi Indonesia. 22(1): 12-13.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2171301714\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301714\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-837dd2f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"837dd2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ca08f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ca08f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2995c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2995c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abdulrahman Mahmud, Hussain Umar Gende, Sha\u2019aban Sallau, Yushau Salim, Abubakar Abbas, Abubakar Muhammad Zango &amp; Sham\u2019unu Aliyu Isma\u2019il &#8220;Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves Extract of\u00a0<i>Nymphaea Lotus<\/i>&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.97-101 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/97-101.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2171301715\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2171301715\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-71ed93c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"71ed93c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5efd951 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5efd951\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-047f8e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"047f8e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a style=\"box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; color: #23527c; text-decoration: underline; transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out; outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; outline-offset: -2px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;\" title=\"Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves Extract of &lt;i&gt;Nymphaea Lotus&lt;\/i&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/97-101.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ed2d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"51ed2d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb969e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1fb969e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c201231 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"c201231\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/102-105.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Improve Agricultural Production by Making the Right Decisions for Crop Diseases\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue5\/102-105.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tImprove Agricultural Production by Making the Right Decisions for Crop Diseases\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-047215b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"047215b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Myat Mon Khaing, Khin Shin Thant, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin May 2020 Page No.: 102-105<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d065822 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"d065822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"218519586\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195861\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195861\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2185195861\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195862\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195862\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2185195862\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195863\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195863\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2185195863\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195864\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195864\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2185195864\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195865\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195865\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2185195865\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2185195861\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195861\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-23a8c3e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23a8c3e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-875402e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"875402e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-590881f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"590881f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Infectious plant diseases can cause infections, infections, and infections. Infection and Infection. Small organisms infect plants and lose nutrients. Bacteria Insects. Many types of application domains are essential to identify measurement types. This is probably the most important part of a proper diagnostic system. Decisions about crop diseases must be made by the Proposed Decision Support System (DSS). It is a unified computing device which allows decision makers to communicate directly with computers. This system proposes a decision-support system for separating crops using Bayesian Analysis. A key feature of the proposed system is to provide an integrated tool for diagnostic applications. This paper is making the right decisions for crop diseases to improve agricultural production. Therefore, a careful review of the symptoms reported may help with symptoms. The main purpose of this system is to give people information about the diseases they want to know.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 102-105<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 16 May 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2185195862\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195862\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-ba4e5ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba4e5ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b188eaa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b188eaa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c1132a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c1132a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Myat Mon Khaing<\/strong><br \/>Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Khin Shin Thant<\/strong><br \/>Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin<\/strong><br \/>Faculty of Information Science, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2185195863\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195863\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-18dafbe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18dafbe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af63ebd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"af63ebd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f8151d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f8151d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. A. Sime (University of New York College at Brockport, USA), \u201cWeb Mining:Applications and Techniques\u201d, Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, London, Melbourne, Singapore, ISBN 159140414-2,2004.<br \/>[2]. Chi-Caung LAU and Kuo-Hsin HSIAO (Researcher, Energy and resource Labora- tories, Industrial Technology Research Institute), \u201cBayesian Classification for Rice PaddyInterpretation\u201d.<br \/>[3]. DIANA DU MTRU, \u201cPrediction of recurrent event in breast cancer using the Na\u00efve Bayesian classification\u201d, Annals of university Cralova.<br \/>[4]. Sandhya Joshi, VibhudendraSimha G.G, \u201cClassification and treatment of different stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease using various machine learning methods\u201d, Research Scholar , Department of Computer science and Engineering, M G R University, Chennai, India.<br \/>[5]. Shikhar Kr. Sarma, Kh.RobindroSingh, Abhijeet Singh, \u201cAn Expert System for diagnosis of diseases in Rice Plant\u201d Gauhati University Guwahati 781014: Assam India.<br \/>[6]. Wikipedia, \u201cna\u00efve Bayes classifier\u201d, the free encyclopedia.<br \/>https:\/\/blog.agrivi.com\/post\/crop-diseases-the-nightmare-of-every-farmer<br \/>[7]. Vittorio ROSSI, tito CAFFI and Francesca SALINARI, \u201cHelping farmers face the increasing complexity of decision-making for crop protection\u201d, Phytopathologia Mediterranea(2012) 51, 3, 457-479.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2185195864\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195864\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9cafead e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9cafead\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76993b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"76993b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-134c67f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"134c67f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Myat Mon Khaing, Khin Shin Thant, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin &#8220;Improve Agricultural Production by Making the Right Decisions for Crop Diseases&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 5 May 2020, pp.102-105 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/102-105.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2185195865\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2185195865\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-94d25de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"94d25de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93b43c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93b43c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-785244f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"785244f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Improve Agricultural Production by Making the Right Decisions for Crop Diseases\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue5\/102-105.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" 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