{"id":55963,"date":"2024-12-19T17:29:49","date_gmt":"2024-12-19T17:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/?page_id=55963"},"modified":"2024-12-19T18:51:51","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T18:51:51","slug":"volume-v-issue-viii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/archive\/volume-v-issue-viii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume V Issue VIII"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"55963\" class=\"elementor elementor-55963\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c33b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"66c33b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50c42e9e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50c42e9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cdaad63 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"2cdaad63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/01-10.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"The Moderating Effect of the Audit Committee on the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: A Conceptual Review\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/01-10.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Moderating Effect of the Audit Committee on the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: A Conceptual Review\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e2c5fd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e2c5fd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ali Alhaji Goni Mustapha, Aminu M. Bello, Ali M. Garba &amp; Musa Ibrahim Gobe August 2020 Page No.: 01-10<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29e5e95b e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"29e5e95b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"702933339\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333391\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333391\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7029333391\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333392\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333392\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7029333392\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333393\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333393\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7029333393\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333394\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333394\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7029333394\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333395\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333395\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7029333395\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7029333391\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333391\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-1ce50b82 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1ce50b82\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56f9399a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56f9399a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e6d7020 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e6d7020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The effect of corporate governance on the organization\u2019s financial performance has been a crucial issue since the last global financial distress. Many accounting scandals and numerous cases of corporate governance malpractice brought about more attention to corporate governance. The issue is a serious factor in economic growth and financial market steadiness, also enormous body of literature has developed concerning the link between corporate governance and financial performance, but the study finding produced inconsistent results. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of the audit committee on the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 01-10<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 27 August 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7029333392\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333392\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4d4b4f01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d4b4f01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f1631f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f1631f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-555b0efb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"555b0efb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ali Alhaji Goni Mustapha<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aminu M. Bello<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ali M. Garba<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Musa Ibrahim Gobe<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7029333393\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333393\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8216f7a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8216f7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-156ee558 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"156ee558\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a0ab0cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a0ab0cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Abhishek, S. &amp; Jens, H. 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Corporate Governance and Organizational Performance: International Journal of Business and Management Studies Vol. 10, No 1.ISSN: 1309 8047.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7029333394\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333394\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-31c5f476 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"31c5f476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6922c963 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6922c963\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5843d69e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5843d69e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ali Alhaji Goni Mustapha, Aminu M. Bello, Ali M. Garba &amp; Musa Ibrahim Gobe &#8220;The Moderating Effect of the Audit Committee on the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: A Conceptual Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.01-10 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/01-10.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7029333395\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7029333395\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2300665e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2300665e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f7a44d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f7a44d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4595be4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4595be4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"The Moderating Effect of the Audit Committee on the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: A Conceptual Review\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/01-10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11dca9fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"11dca9fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-389a4f83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"389a4f83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72500af1 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"72500af1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/11-16.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Molecular Characterization of Isolates and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Associated with Fish Pond\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/11-16.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMolecular Characterization of Isolates and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Associated with Fish Pond\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-451531bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"451531bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Niyi-David, C.C, Ogbonna, D.N, Akani, N.P, Douglas, S.I. August 2020 Page No.: 11-16<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56d89c5d e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"56d89c5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1457036381\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363811\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363811\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14570363811\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363812\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363812\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14570363812\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363813\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363813\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14570363813\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363814\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363814\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14570363814\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363815\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363815\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14570363815\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14570363811\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363811\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-67540b96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67540b96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3785cfde e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3785cfde\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6254d17d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6254d17d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Characterization of isolates from the fish pond water collected from Port Harcourt, in Rivers State, was done using 16S rRNA gene sequencing method to identify their phylogenetic relationship. The presence of the resistance gene was investigated by polymerase chain reaction followed by agarose gel electrophoresis of the amplification products. A total of 10 bacteria were identified, they include\u00a0<em>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella quasipnemoniae, Morganella morgani, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas xiamenesis, Staphylococcus sp, Bacillus flexus, Lysinibacillus macroides, Myoides odoratimimus\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>Chryseobacterium cucumeris<\/em>. The\u00a0<em>Lysinibacillus macroides<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus\u00a0<\/em>were found to be carriers of the CTX-M gene, while\u00a0<em>Escherichia coli<\/em>\u00a0carried the QNRB gene. SHV gene was also found in the\u00a0<em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus.<\/em>\u00a0The resistance gene found in these bacteria can be transferred to other microbes to cause antibiotic pollution which is a major health challenge.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 11-16<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 27 August 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14570363812\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363812\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-35852556 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35852556\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-492259b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"492259b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd376ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cd376ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Niyi-David, C.C<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbonna, D.N<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akani, N.P<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Douglas, S.I.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14570363813\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363813\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-117aa453 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"117aa453\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4384df41 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4384df41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b7571bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b7571bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Abraham, T.J., Manley, R., Palaniappan, R. and Dhevendran, K. (1997). Pathogenic and antibiotic sensitivity of luminous Vibrio harveyi isolated from diseased penaeid shrimp. J. Aquaculture Trop.12, 1-8.<br \/>[2] Abu, G.O. and Egenonu, C. (2008). The current pollution status of the new Calabar River in the Niger Delta region of Southern Nigeria: A survey of antibiogram profiles of its bacterial isolates. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2 (6), 134-141.<br \/>[3] Abu, G.O. and Wondikom, A.C. (2018). Isolation, Characterization and antibiotic resistance profile studies of bacteria from an excavated pond in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 22 (8), 1177\u20131184.<br \/>[4] Adedeji, O., Tiamiyu, A,M. and Emikpe, B.O. (2011). Isolation and identification of aerobic bacterial flora of the skin and stomach of wild and cultured Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus from Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7(7), 1047-1051.<br \/>[5] Ajayi, O.A. and Okoh, I.A. (2014). Bacteriological study of pond water for aquaculture purpose. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 12(2), 1260-1265.<br \/>[6] APHA (American Public Health Association) (2001). Revision to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition. American Water Works Association, Washington DC.<br \/>[7] Bano, K. (2006). Nutrient load and pollution study of some selected station along Ogunpa river in Ibadan, Nigeria. MSc Dissertation, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.<br \/>[8] Bostock J., Mcandrew, B., Richards, R., Jauncey, K., Telfer, T., Lorenzen, K., Little, D., Ross, L., Handisyde, N., Gatward, I., Corner, R. (2010). Aquaculture: global status and trends. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 365, 2897.<br \/>[9] Chopra, I. and Roberts, M. (2001). Tetracycline antibiotics: Mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 65(2), 232-260.<br \/>[10] Douglas, S.I. and Isor, F.N. (2015). Bacteriological investigation of pond water quality from Ogoniland, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 9(2), 36-41.<br \/>[11] Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39, 783-791.<br \/>[12] Gobo A. E., Ubong I. U. and Ede P. N. (2008). Relationship between rainfall trends and flooding in the Niger-Benue river basins. Journal of Metrology, 13:13.<br \/>[13] Guo M., Yuan, Q. and Yang, J. (2013). Microbial selectivity of UV treatment on antibiotic-resistant heterotrophic bacteria in secondary effluents of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Journal of Water Research, 47, 6388-6394.<br \/>[14] Hussain T., Roohi, A., Munir, S., Ahmed, I., Khan, J. and Edel-Hermann, V. (2013). Biochemical characteristics and identification of bacterial strains from drinking water sources of Kohat, Pakistan. African Journal of Microbiology Research,7(6): 1579-1590.<br \/>[15] Jukes, T.H. and Cantor, C.R. (1969).Evolution of protein molecules. In Munro HN, editor, Mammalian Protein Metabolism, pp. 21-132, Academic Press, New York.<br \/>[16] Kemper, N. (2008). Veterinary antibiotics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. Ecol Indic. 8, 1.<br \/>[17] Kummerer, K. (2009). Antibiotics in the aquatic environment \u2013 a review \u2013 part II. Chemosphere, 75, 435.<br \/>[18] Naim, U. and Ahmed, H.A. (2012). Bacterial flora of polycultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). International Aquatic Research, 4:10 DOI10.1186\/2008-6970-4-10.<br \/>[19] Nrior, R.R. and Odokuma, L.O. (2015). Comparative toxicity of drilling fluids to marine water shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) and brackish water shrimp (Paleamonetes africanus). Journal of Environmental Science Toxicology and Food Technology, 9, 73-79.<br \/>[20] Oliveira, M. A. S., Malinger, G., Ximenes, R., Szejnfeld, P. O., Alves, S. S. and Bispo, F. A. M. (2016). Zika virus intrauterine infection causes fetal brain abnormality and microcephaly: tip of the iceberg? Ultrasound Obstetrics and Gynecology, 47, 6-7.<br \/>[21] Oliveira, R.V., Oliveira, M.C. and Pelli A. (2017). Disease infection by Enterobacteriaceae family in fishes: A Review. Experimentation, 4:5.<br \/>[22] Pillay, T.V.R. (1990). Fish and public health and disease. In: Aquaculture principle and practices. Pillay, T.V.R (Editors). Fishing new book. Farrihan, New York, 174-215.<br \/>[23] Saitou, N. and Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution,4, 406-425.<br \/>[24] Sanjeev, S. (2002). Pathogenic halophilic vibrios in sea foods. In: Quality assurance in seafood processing (T.S. Gopalakrishna lyer, M.K. Kandoran,Mary Thomas and P.T. Mathew, eds.). CIFT and Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 252.<br \/>[25] Sarjito, A.H.C., Haditomo, R.W., Ariyati, A., Sabdaningsih, D. and Prayitno, S.B. (2019). Screening of potential isolate candidates probiotic against Aeromonas hydrophila from Boyolali, Indonesia. Journal of Physics, 1217, 012147.<br \/>[26] Shekha, Y.A., Hero, M., Ismael, Z. and Ahmed,A.A. (2013). Biotechnological and mycological assessment for water quality of Duhok reservoir, Iraq. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(4): 308-315.<br \/>[27] Torimiro, N., Bebe, P.T.,Ogundipe, F.E., Esan, D.M. and Aduwo, A.I. (2014). The bacteriology and physicochemical analysis of fresh water fish ponds. International Journal of Microbiology, 5(3), 28-32.<br \/>[28] Udeze, A.O., Talatu, M., Ezediokpu, M.N., Nwanze,J.C., Onoh, C. and Okonko, I.O. (2012). The effect of Klebsiella pneumonia on catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Researcher, 4(4), 51-59.<br \/>[29] Uzoigwe, C.I. and Agwa,O.K. (2012). Microbiological quality of water collected from boreholes sited near refuse dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(13): 3135-3139.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14570363814\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363814\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-114936ad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"114936ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104d2fad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"104d2fad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ef127c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ef127c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Niyi-David, C.C, Ogbonna, D.N, Akani, N.P, Douglas, S.I., &#8220;Molecular Characterization of Isolates and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Associated with Fish Pond&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.11-16 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/11-16.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14570363815\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14570363815\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6aa960d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6aa960d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19266584 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"19266584\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16310d07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16310d07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Molecular Characterization of Isolates and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Associated with Fish Pond\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/11-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8d7b73 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e8d7b73\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39f7f1f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"39f7f1f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-426d539a elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"426d539a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/17-23.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Waste Engine Oil Sorption Capacity of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesized Biologically with Eugenia Uniflora Leaf Extract\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/17-23.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWaste Engine Oil Sorption Capacity of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesized Biologically with Eugenia Uniflora Leaf Extract\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3afce8d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3afce8d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Felicia Uchechukwu Okwunodulu, Stella Mbanyeaku Ufearoh and Martina Chizoba Apugo August 2020 Page No.: 17-23<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d3bfc9f e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"1d3bfc9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"490470559\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705591\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705591\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-4904705591\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705592\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705592\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-4904705592\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705593\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705593\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-4904705593\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705594\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705594\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-4904705594\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705595\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705595\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-4904705595\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-4904705591\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705591\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-1d54be70 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d54be70\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157cb242 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"157cb242\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f38ff05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f38ff05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Biomolecules present in plant extracts can be used as capping and stabilizing agents which reduce metal ions or metal oxide ions to metal nanoparticles in a single-step green synthesis process. In this study, calcium oxide nanoparticle was synthesized using\u00a0<em>Eugenia uniflora<\/em>\u00a0leaf extract in order to ascertain its oil sorption capacity. The characterization of the calcium oxide nanoparticle through UV-vis spectroscopy revealed that maximum absorption was obtained at 207nm indicating surface plasmon absorption of calcium oxide nanoparticle. FTIR results of the<em>\u00a0Eugenia uniflora<\/em>\u00a0leaf extract before and after the synthesis of the calcium oxide nanoparticle indicated the absence of the O-H functional group of alcohol with peak at 3306.1 cm-<sup>1\u00a0<\/sup>and C-C functional group of alkane with peak at 1449.9 cm-<sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0indicating their responsibility for the reduction and capping of the synthesized calcium oxide nanoparticle. The morphology of the cacium oxide nanoparticle indicated no definite shape with smooth surface on magnification. The XRD pattern showed that the calcium oxide nanoparticle formed are crystalline in nature with average crystallite size of 3.25 to 4.76 nm. Effect of contact time on the oil sorption capacity of calcium oxide nanoparticle revealed highest sorption capacity at a shorter time (20 min). Kinetically, oil sorption capacity of CaO nanoparticle fitted the Pseudo-second-order model with R<sup>2\u00a0<\/sup>close to unity (i.e. 0.996). Mechanism of sorption is by chemisorption. Therefore oil sorption capacity of calcium oxide nanoparticle proved to be effective especially at low contact time can be used to clean oil polluted water.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 17-23<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 30 August 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-4904705592\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705592\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7e0ef79b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e0ef79b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35f9405 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35f9405\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60169539 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60169539\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Felicia Uchechukwu Okwunodulu<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P. M. B. Umuahia, Abia State Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stella Mbanyeaku Ufearoh<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P. M. B. Umuahia, Abia State Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Martina Chizoba Apugo<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P. M. B. Umuahia, Abia State Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-4904705593\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705593\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4160349f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4160349f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3517a9d4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3517a9d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2673fe26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2673fe26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] B. L. Cushing, V. L. Kolesnichenko and C. J. O. Connor, \u201cRecent advances in the liquid-phase syntheses of inorganic nanoparticles,\u201d Chemical Reviews, vol. 104, no. 9, pp. 3893\u20133946, 2004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr030027b<br \/>[2] K. Shoueir, H. El-Sheshtawy, M. Misbah, H. El-hosainy, I. El-mehasseb and M. El-Kemary, \u201cFenton-like nanocatalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light activated by hybrid green DNSA@Chitosan@MnFe2O4\u201d, Carbohydrate Polymers, , vol. 197, pp. 17-28, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.05.076<br \/>[3] A. Mezni , M. M. Ibrahim , M. El-Kemary , A. A. Shaltout , N. Y. Mostafa , J. Ryl and M. A. Amin , \u201cCathodically activated Au\/TiO2 nanocomposite synthesized by a new facile solvothermal method: An efficient electrocatalyst with Pt-like activity for hydrogen generation,\u201d Electrochim. Acta, vol. 290, pp. 404-418, 2018. .DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.electacta.2018.08.083<br \/>[4] H. Hapuarachchi, S. Mallawaarachchi, H. T Hattori, W. Zhu and M. Premaratne, \u201cOptoelectronic figure of merit of a metal nanoparticle\u2014quantum dot (MNP-QD) hybrid molecule for assessing its suitability for sensing applications,\u201d Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 4006, 2018. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-648X\/aaa46d<br \/>[5] K. Salama, R. Shoueir and H. A. Aljohani, \u201cPreparation of sustainable nanocomposite as new adsorbent for dyes removal,\u201d Fibers Polym., vol. 18, no. 9, 1825-1830, 2017. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12221-017-7396-0<br \/>[6] J. S. Nworu and J. O. Wilberforce Oti, \u201cApplication of Nanotechnology for Enhancing Oil Recovery (EOR) in Oil and Gas Industry: A Review,\u201d IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 32-42, 2019. DOI: 10.9790\/5736-1202023242<br \/>[7] M. M. Solomon, H. Gerengi, S. A.Umoren, N. B. Essien, U. B. Essien and E. Kaya,\u201d Gum Arabic-silver nanoparticles composite as a green anticorrosive formulation for steel corrosion in strong acid media,\u201d Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 181, pp. 43-55, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.10.051<br \/>[8] E. Mona, B. Kalaivani, S. Bullo, F. Sharida and Z. H. Mohd, \u201cThe Impact of Magnesium\u2013Aluminum-Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Polyvinyl Alcohol Coated on Magnetite on the Preparation of Core-Shell Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Agent,\u201d International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 20, no. 15, pp. 3764, 2019. DOI: 10.3390\/ijms20153764<br \/>[9] E. S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez, D. Gomes, G. Esteruelas, L. Bonilla, A. L. Lopez-Machado, R. Galindo, A. Cano, M. Espina, M. Ettcheto, A. Camins, A. M. Silva, A. Durazzo, A. Santini, M. L. Garcia, and E. B. Souto, \u201cMetal-Based Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents: An Overview\u201d Nanomaterials (Basel).,Vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 292, 2020. . DOI: 10.3390\/nano10020292<br \/>[10] B. Ramola, N. Chandra Joshi, M. Ramola, J. Chhabra and A. Singh, \u201cGreen Synthesis, Characterisations and Antimicrobial Activities of CaO Nanoparticles,\u201d Oriental Journal of Chemistry vol. 35, no. 3, 2019. DOI : http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13005\/ojc\/350333<br \/>[11] B. Ramola, N. Chandra Joshi, M. Ramola, J. Chhabra and A. Singh, \u201cGreen Synthesis, Characterisations and Antimicrobial Activities of CaO Nanoparticles,\u201d Oriental Journal of Chemistry vol. 35, no. 3, 2019. DOI : http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13005\/ojc\/350333<br \/>[12] S. Abraham and V. P. Sarathy, \u201cBiomedical applications of calcium oxide nanoparticles \u2013 a spectroscopic study,\u201d Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., vol. 49, pp. 121-125, 2018. www.globalresearchonline.ne<br \/>[13] A. S. Balaganesh, R. Sengodan, R. Ranjithkumar and B. Chandarshekar, \u201cSynthesis and Characterization of Porous Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles (CaO NPS), \u201cInternational J. of Innov. Techn. Expl. Engin., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 312-314, 2018. Website: www.ijitee.org<br \/>[14] S. Jagpreet, D. Tanushree, K. Ki-Hyun, R. Mohit, S. Pallabi and K. Pawan, \u201cGreen synthesis of metals and their oxide nanoparticles: applications for environmental remediation,\u201d J. Nanobiotechnology, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 84, 2018. DOI: 10.1186\/s12951-018-0408-4<br \/>[15] Y. Song, W. Su and Y. Chun Mu, \u201cModification of bamboo shoot dietary fiber by extrusion-cellulase technology and its properties,\u201dInternational Journal of Food Properties, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1219-1232, 2018.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10942912.2018.1479715<br \/>[16] A. Datta, C. Patra, H. Bharadwaj, S. Kaur, N. Dimri and R. Khajuria, \u201cGreen synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using parthenium hysterophorus leaf extract and evaluation of their antibacterial properties,\u201d Journal of Biotechnology and Biomaterials, vol. 7, pp. 271 \u2013 275, 2017. DOI: 10.4172\/2155-952X.1000271.<br \/>[17] S. V. N. T. Kuchibhatla, A. S. Karakoti, D. R. Baer and S. K. Samudraia, \u201cInfluence of aging and environment on nanoparticle chemistry: Implication to confinement effects in nanoceria,\u201d Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 116, no. 26, pp. 14108\u201314114, 2012. DOI: 10.1021\/jp300725s<br \/>[18] I. A. Mudunkotuwa, J. M. Pettibone and V. H. Grassian, \u201cEnvironmental implications of nanoparticle aging in the processing and fate of copper-based nanomaterials,\u201d Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 46, no. 13, PP. 7001\u20137010, 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es203851d<br \/>[19] R. Baer, \u201cSurface characterization of nanoparticles: critical needs and significant challenges,\u201d Journal of Surface Analysis, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 163\u2013169 2011. DOI: 10.1384\/jsa.17.163<br \/>[20] Y. A. Yahaya, M. M. Don and S. Bhatia, Biosorption of Cu(II) ions onto immobilized cells of Pycnoporous sanguineus from aqueous solution: Equillibrium and kinetic studies, Journal of Harzadous Materials, vol. 161, pp. 189\u2013195, 2009. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.03.104<br \/>[21] Y. S. Ho, G. Mckay, D. A. J. Wase and C. F. Forster,\u201d Study of the sorption of divalent metal ions onto peat,\u201d Adsorp. Sci. Technol., vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 639 \u2013650, 2000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1260\/0263617001493693<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-4904705594\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705594\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-35d89093 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35d89093\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-612abdf8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"612abdf8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a6d4daa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a6d4daa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Felicia Uchechukwu Okwunodulu, Stella Mbanyeaku Ufearoh and Martina Chizoba Apugo &#8220;Waste Engine Oil Sorption Capacity of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesized Biologically with\u00a0<i>Eugenia Uniflora<\/i>\u00a0Leaf Extract&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.17-23 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/17-23.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-4904705595\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-4904705595\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-d3f2534 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3f2534\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2632029c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2632029c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33699caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33699caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a style=\"box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out; outline: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;\" title=\"Waste Engine Oil Sorption Capacity of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesized Biologically with &lt;i&gt;Eugenia Uniflora&lt;\/i&gt; Leaf Extract\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/17-23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e86d1bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e86d1bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ce0934c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ce0934c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-269f1d28 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"269f1d28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/24-30.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Application of Sumudu Transform for Handling Volterra Integro-Differential Equation of First Kind with Convolution Kernel\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/24-30.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tApplication of Sumudu Transform for Handling Volterra Integro-Differential Equation of First Kind with Convolution Kernel\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43bfc7f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43bfc7f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Swarg Deep Sharma, Aakansha Vyas August 2020 Page No.: 24-30<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a2b4238 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"2a2b4238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"707478072\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780721\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780721\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7074780721\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780722\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780722\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7074780722\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780723\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780723\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7074780723\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780724\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780724\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7074780724\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780725\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780725\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7074780725\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7074780721\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780721\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-4d3dc8c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d3dc8c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60c9f328 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60c9f328\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7f9e8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7f9e8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Volterra integro-differential equations have many interesting applications such as process of glass forming, diffusion process, heat and mass transfer, growth of cells and describing the motion of satellite. These equations generally appear in many branches of engineering, physics, biology, astronomy, radiology and statistics. In this paper, authors discussed the application of Sumudu transform for handling Volterra integro-differential equation of first kind with convolution kernel. Some numerical problems have been considered and solved with the help of Sumudu transform for explaining the complete methodology. Results of numerical problems show that Sumudu transform is very effective integral transform for handling Volterra integro-differential equation of first kind with convolution kernel.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 24-30<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 30 August 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7074780722\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780722\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2238aa96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2238aa96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-559d9045 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"559d9045\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74381d27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74381d27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National P.G. College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur. U.P., India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Swarg Deep Sharma<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Nand Lal Singh College Jaitpur Daudpur Constituent of Jai Prakash University Chhapra, Bihar, India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aakansha Vyas<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Noida Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology, Greater Noida, U.P., India<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7074780723\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780723\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-210154b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"210154b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2129821b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2129821b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-713163c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"713163c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). A new application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations. Asian Resonance, 7(2), 46-48.<br \/>[2] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(9), 154-161.<br \/>[3] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). A new application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations. Asian Resonance, 7(3), 156-158.<br \/>[4] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). A new application of Shehu transform for handling Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(4), 439-445.<br \/>[5] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). Application of Elzaki transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3687-3692.<br \/>[6] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3745-3753.<br \/>[7] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Solution of linear Volterra integral equations of second kind using Mohand transform. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3098-3102.<br \/>[8] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). A new application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(4), 138-140.<br \/>[9] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Solution of linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind using Mahgoub transform. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(5), 173-176.<br \/>[10] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Solution of linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind using Kamal transform. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(1), 741-747.<br \/>[11] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(6), 1186-1190.<br \/>[12] Chauhan, R., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2018). Solution of linear partial integro-differential equations using Mahgoub transform. Periodic Research, 7(1), 28-31.<br \/>[13] Gupta, A. R., Aggarwal, S., &amp; Agrawal, D. (2018). Solution of linear partial integro-differential equations using Kamal transform. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(7), 88-91.<br \/>[14] Singh, G. P., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Sawi transform for population growth and decay problems. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 8(8), 157-162.<br \/>[15] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Solution of population growth and decay problems by using Mohand transform. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3277-3282.<br \/>[16] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., Asthana, N., &amp; Singh, D. P. (2018). Application of Kamal transform for solving population growth and decay problems. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(9), 254-260.<br \/>[17] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S. D., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Application of Shehu transform for handling growth and decay problems. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(4), 190-198.<br \/>[18] Aggarwal, S., Singh, D. P., Asthana, N., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2018). Application of Elzaki transform for solving population growth and decay problems. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 5(9), 281-284.<br \/>[19] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., Singh, D. P., Asthana, N., &amp; Kumar, N. (2018). Application of Laplace transform for solving population growth and decay problems. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(9), 141-145.<br \/>[20] Aggarwal, S., Pandey, M., Asthana, N., Singh, D. P., &amp; Kumar, A. (2018). Application of Mahgoub transform for solving population growth and decay problems. Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, 9(10), 1490-1496.<br \/>[21] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2020). Duality relations of Kamal transform with Laplace, Laplace\u2013Carson, Aboodh, Sumudu, Elzaki, Mohand and Sawi transforms. SN Applied Sciences, 2(1), 135.<br \/>[22] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Bhatnagar, K. (2019). Dualities between Laplace transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 9(1), 936-941.<br \/>[23] Chauhan, R., Kumar, N., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Dualities between Laplace-Carson transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(12), 1654-1659.<br \/>[24] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Dualities between Mohand transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 843-847.<br \/>[25] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Dualities between some useful integral transforms and Sawi transform. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 5978-5982.<br \/>[26] Aggarwal, S., Bhatnagar, K., &amp; Dua, A. (2019). Dualities between Elzaki transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(12), 4312-4318.<br \/>[27] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., Chaudhary, R., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Kamal transforms. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(2), 113-123.<br \/>[28] Aggarwal, S., Mishra, R., &amp; Chaudhary, A. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Elzaki transforms. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(2), 203-213.<br \/>[29] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Sumudu transforms. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 145-153.<br \/>[30] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Aboodh transforms. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(1), 520-529.<br \/>[31] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Chaudhary, R. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Laplace transforms. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(2), 230-240.<br \/>[32] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Kumar, A. (2019). Elzaki transform of error function. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(5), 412-422.<br \/>[33] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Singh, G. P. (2019). Aboodh transform of error function. Universal Review, 10(6), 137-150.<br \/>[34] Aggarwal, S., &amp; GP, S. (2019). Shehu Transform of Error Function (Probability Integral). Int J Res Advent Technol, 7, 54-60.<br \/>[35] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). Sumudu transform of error function. Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 6(6), 1222-1231.<br \/>[36] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Kumar, D. (2019). Mohand transform of error function. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(5), 224-231.<br \/>[37] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Singh, G. P. (2019). Kamal transform of error function. Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 6(5), 2223-2235.<br \/>[38] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., Sharma, S. D., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2019). Mahgoub transform (Laplace-Carson transform) of error function. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 8(4), 92-98.<br \/>[39] Aggarwal, S., Singh, A., Kumar, A., &amp; Kumar, N. (2019). Application of Laplace transform for solving improper integrals whose integrand consisting error function. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(2), 1-7.<br \/>[40] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., Chauhan, R., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Khandelwal, A. (2018). A new application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, 9(6), 520-525.<br \/>[41] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). Application of Kamal transform for solving Abel\u2019s integral equation. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(3), 82-90.<br \/>[42] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Sumudu transform for the solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 423-431.<br \/>[43] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S. D., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). A new application of Mohand transform for handling Abel\u2019s integral equation. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 600-608.<br \/>[44] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). Solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation by Aboodh transform method. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 317-325.<br \/>[45] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Shehu Transform for Solving Abel\u2019s Integral Equation. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(5), 101-110.<br \/>[46] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). Mohand transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3034-3038.<br \/>[47] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Agrawal, D. (2018). Aboodh transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 3(3), 1-5.<br \/>[48] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Mahgoub transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(8), 32-36.<br \/>[49] Aggarwal, S. (2018). Elzaki transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(8), 45-51.<br \/>[50] Chaudhary, R., Sharma, S.D., Kumar, N., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Connections between Aboodh transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 1465-1470.<br \/>[51] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). Application of Elzaki transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3687-3692.<br \/>[52] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(8), 2081-2088.<br \/>[53] Aggarwal, S., Asthana, N. &amp; Singh, D.P. (2018). Solution of population growth and decay problems by using Aboodh transform method. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(10), 2706-2710.<br \/>[54] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Bhatnagar, K. (2019). Sadik transform for handling population growth and decay problems. Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 6(6), 1212-1221.<br \/>[55] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S.D. (2019). Sadik transform of error function (probability integral). Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(6), 125-135.<br \/>[56] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A.R., &amp; Sharma, S.D. (2019). Application of Sadik transform for handling linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind. Universal Review, 10(7), 177-187.<br \/>[57] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Bhatnagar, K. (2019). Solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation using Sadik transform. Asian Resonance, 8(2), (Part-1), 57-63.<br \/>[58] Aggarwal, S. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Mahgoub transforms. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(1), 1-7.<br \/>[59] Aggarwal, S. (2018). Kamal transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 3(7), 1-4.<br \/>[60] Chauhan, R., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Laplace transform for convolution type linear Volterra integral equation of second kind. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 1-7.<br \/>[61] Sharma, N., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Laplace transform for the solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 8-15.<br \/>[62] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, N. (2019). Laplace transform for the solution of first kind linear Volterra integral equation. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 16-23.<br \/>[63] Mishra, R., Aggarwal, S., Chaudhary, L., &amp; Kumar, A. (2020). Relationship between Sumudu and some efficient integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(3), 153-159.<br \/>[64] Watugala, G. (1993). Sumudu transform: a new integral transform to solve differential equations and control engineering problems. Integrated Education, 24(1), 35-43.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7074780724\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780724\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5f39f255 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f39f255\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a103b52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a103b52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e089c5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e089c5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Swarg Deep Sharma, Aakansha Vyas &#8220;Application of Sumudu Transform for Handling Volterra Integro-Differential Equation of First Kind with Convolution Kernel&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.24-30 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/24-30.pdfJair Mu L\u00f3pez, Jos\u00e9 G. Vargas-Hern\u00e1ndez &#8220;Strategies for the Adoption of E-Commerce&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.1 issue 1, pp.14-19 2016<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7074780725\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7074780725\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-489ae841 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"489ae841\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3283ed1f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3283ed1f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18bbd5cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18bbd5cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Application of Sumudu Transform for Handling Volterra Integro-Differential Equation of First Kind with Convolution Kernel\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/24-30.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-242a2029 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"242a2029\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31a7cc05 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"31a7cc05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85772ee elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"85772ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/31-38.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Primitive of First Kind Volterra Integro-Differential Equation Using Shehu Transform\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/31-38.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrimitive of First Kind Volterra Integro-Differential Equation Using Shehu Transform\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4cc6fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4cc6fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Aakansha Vyas, Swarg Deep Sharma August 2020 Page No.: 31-38<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d3de6f6 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"3d3de6f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1027466998\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669981\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669981\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-10274669981\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669982\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669982\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-10274669982\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669983\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669983\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-10274669983\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669984\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669984\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-10274669984\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669985\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669985\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-10274669985\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-10274669981\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669981\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-4bb3a86 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bb3a86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fc77d63 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fc77d63\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8c8416 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8c8416\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Volterra integro-differential equation generally appears when an initial value problem is to be converted into an integral equation. In this paper, authors determined the primitive of first kind Volterra integro-differential equation using Shehu transform. In this work, authors have considered that the kernel of first kind Volterra integro-differential equation is a convolution type kernel. Some numerical problems have been considered and solved with the help of Shehu transform for explaining the complete methodology. Results of numerical problems show that Shehu transform is very effective integral transform for determining the primitive of first kind Volterra integro-differential equation.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 31-38<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 30 August 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-10274669982\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669982\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2b92d5b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b92d5b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3947d006 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3947d006\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2242bfb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2242bfb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National P.G. College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aakansha Vyas<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Noida Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology, Greater Noida-201306, U.P., India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Swarg Deep Sharma<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Nand Lal Singh College Jaitpur Daudpur Constituent of Jai Prakash University Chhapra-841205, Bihar, India<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-10274669983\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669983\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e32dc8b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e32dc8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d25bd44 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7d25bd44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51c59eb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51c59eb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). A new application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations. Asian Resonance, 7(2), 46-48.<br \/>[2] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(9), 154-161.<br \/>[3] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). A new application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations. Asian Resonance, 7(3), 156-158.<br \/>[4] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). A new application of Shehu transform for handling Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(4), 439-445.<br \/>[5] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). Application of Elzaki transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3687-3692.<br \/>[6] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3745-3753.<br \/>[7] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Solution of linear Volterra integral equations of second kind using Mohand transform. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3098-3102.<br \/>[8] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). A new application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(4), 138-140.<br \/>[9] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Solution of linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind using Mahgoub transform. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(5), 173-176.<br \/>[10] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Solution of linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind using Kamal transform. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(1), 741-747.<br \/>[11] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(6), 1186-1190.<br \/>[12] Chauhan, R., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2018). Solution of linear partial integro-differential equations using Mahgoub transform. Periodic Research, 7(1), 28-31.<br \/>[13] Gupta, A. R., Aggarwal, S., &amp; Agrawal, D. (2018). Solution of linear partial integro-differential equations using Kamal transform. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(7), 88-91.<br \/>[14] Singh, G. P., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Sawi transform for population growth and decay problems. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 8(8), 157-162.<br \/>[15] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Solution of population growth and decay problems by using Mohand transform. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3277-3282.<br \/>[16] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., Asthana, N., &amp; Singh, D. P. (2018). Application of Kamal transform for solving population growth and decay problems. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(9), 254-260.<br \/>[17] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S. D., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Application of Shehu transform for handling growth and decay problems. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(4), 190-198.<br \/>[18] Aggarwal, S., Singh, D. P., Asthana, N., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2018). Application of Elzaki transform for solving population growth and decay problems. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 5(9), 281-284.<br \/>[19] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., Singh, D. P., Asthana, N., &amp; Kumar, N. (2018). Application of Laplace transform for solving population growth and decay problems. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(9), 141-145.<br \/>[20] Aggarwal, S., Pandey, M., Asthana, N., Singh, D. P., &amp; Kumar, A. (2018). Application of Mahgoub transform for solving population growth and decay problems. Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, 9(10), 1490-1496.<br \/>[21] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2020). Duality relations of Kamal transform with Laplace, Laplace\u2013Carson, Aboodh, Sumudu, Elzaki, Mohand and Sawi transforms. SN Applied Sciences, 2(1), 135.<br \/>[22] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Bhatnagar, K. (2019). Dualities between Laplace transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 9(1), 936-941.<br \/>[23] Chauhan, R., Kumar, N., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Dualities between Laplace-Carson transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(12), 1654-1659.<br \/>[24] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Dualities between Mohand transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 843-847.<br \/>[25] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Dualities between some useful integral transforms and Sawi transform. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 5978-5982.<br \/>[26] Aggarwal, S., Bhatnagar, K., &amp; Dua, A. (2019). Dualities between Elzaki transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(12), 4312-4318.<br \/>[27] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., Chaudhary, R., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Kamal transforms. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(2), 113-123.<br \/>[28] Aggarwal, S., Mishra, R., &amp; Chaudhary, A. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Elzaki transforms. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(2), 203-213.<br \/>[29] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Sumudu transforms. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 145-153.<br \/>[30] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Aboodh transforms. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(1), 520-529.<br \/>[31] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Chaudhary, R. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Laplace transforms. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(2), 230-240.<br \/>[32] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Kumar, A. (2019). Elzaki transform of error function. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(5), 412-422.<br \/>[33] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Singh, G. P. (2019). Aboodh transform of error function. Universal Review, 10(6), 137-150.<br \/>[34] Aggarwal, S., &amp; GP, S. (2019). Shehu Transform of Error Function (Probability Integral). Int J Res Advent Technol, 7, 54-60.<br \/>[35] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). Sumudu transform of error function. Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 6(6), 1222-1231.<br \/>[36] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Kumar, D. (2019). Mohand transform of error function. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(5), 224-231.<br \/>[37] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Singh, G. P. (2019). Kamal transform of error function. Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 6(5), 2223-2235.<br \/>[38] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., Sharma, S. D., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2019). Mahgoub transform (Laplace-Carson transform) of error function. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 8(4), 92-98.<br \/>[39] Aggarwal, S., Singh, A., Kumar, A., &amp; Kumar, N. (2019). Application of Laplace transform for solving improper integrals whose integrand consisting error function. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(2), 1-7.<br \/>[40] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., Chauhan, R., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Khandelwal, A. (2018). A new application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, 9(6), 520-525.<br \/>[41] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). Application of Kamal transform for solving Abel\u2019s integral equation. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(3), 82-90.<br \/>[42] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Sumudu transform for the solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 423-431.<br \/>[43] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S. D., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). A new application of Mohand transform for handling Abel\u2019s integral equation. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 600-608.<br \/>[44] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). Solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation by Aboodh transform method. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 317-325.<br \/>[45] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Shehu Transform for Solving Abel\u2019s Integral Equation. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(5), 101-110.<br \/>[46] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). Mohand transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3034-3038.<br \/>[47] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Agrawal, D. (2018). Aboodh transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 3(3), 1-5.<br \/>[48] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Mahgoub transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(8), 32-36.<br \/>[49] Aggarwal, S. (2018). Elzaki transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(8), 45-51.<br \/>[50] Chaudhary, R., Sharma, S.D., Kumar, N., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Connections between Aboodh transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 1465-1470.<br \/>[51] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). Application of Elzaki transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3687-3692.<br \/>[52] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(8), 2081-2088.<br \/>[53] Aggarwal, S., Asthana, N. &amp; Singh, D.P. (2018). Solution of population growth and decay problems by using Aboodh transform method. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(10), 2706-2710.<br \/>[54] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Bhatnagar, K. (2019). Sadik transform for handling population growth and decay problems. Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 6(6), 1212-1221.<br \/>[55] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S.D. (2019). Sadik transform of error function (probability integral). Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(6), 125-135.<br \/>[56] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A.R., &amp; Sharma, S.D. (2019). Application of Sadik transform for handling linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind. Universal Review, 10(7), 177-187.<br \/>[57] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Bhatnagar, K. (2019). Solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation using Sadik transform. Asian Resonance, 8(2), (Part-1), 57-63.<br \/>[58] Aggarwal, S. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Mahgoub transforms. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(1), 1-7.<br \/>[59] Aggarwal, S. (2018). Kamal transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 3(7), 1-4.<br \/>[60] Chauhan, R., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Laplace transform for convolution type linear Volterra integral equation of second kind. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 1-7.<br \/>[61] Sharma, N., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Laplace transform for the solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 8-15.<br \/>[62] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, N. (2019). Laplace transform for the solution of first kind linear Volterra integral equation. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 16-23.<br \/>[63] Mishra, R., Aggarwal, S., Chaudhary, L., &amp; Kumar, A. (2020). Relationship between Sumudu and some efficient integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(3), 153-159.<br \/>[64] Maitama, S., &amp; Zhao, W. (2019). New integral transform: Shehu transform a generalization of Sumudu and Laplace transform for solving differential equations. International Journal of Analysis and Applications, 17(2), 167-190.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-10274669984\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669984\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-719fff96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"719fff96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e48ef96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e48ef96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35b94282 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35b94282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Aakansha Vyas, Swarg Deep Sharma &#8220;Primitive of First Kind Volterra Integro-Differential Equation Using Shehu Transform&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.14-20 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/14-20.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-10274669985\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-10274669985\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-384ea4d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"384ea4d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39a13acd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"39a13acd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ee0a1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ee0a1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Primitive of First Kind Volterra Integro-Differential Equation Using Shehu Transform\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/31-38.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e500457 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7e500457\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d80ba1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d80ba1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2155ec7b elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"2155ec7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/39-41.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Mathematically Modeling the Telephone and Telegraph Equations in a Long Cable or Transmission Line\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/39-41.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMathematically Modeling the Telephone and Telegraph Equations in a Long Cable or Transmission Line\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-211121c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"211121c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>S.I Nwakaego, J.C Ehiwario, Dr C.E. Emenonye August 2020 Page No.: 39-41<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b8ec271 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"7b8ec271\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"2072953457\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534571\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534571\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20729534571\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534572\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534572\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20729534572\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534573\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534573\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20729534573\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534574\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534574\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20729534574\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534575\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534575\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20729534575\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20729534571\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534571\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-6fa23ee7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6fa23ee7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b146ba8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b146ba8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d67c26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d67c26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This paper presents a mathematical model of the telephone and telegraph equations in a transmission line. The flow of electricity in a transmission line was considered. It was observed that waves and wave propagation are ubiquitous in nature and lead to many puzzling questions. For example, why is it that a storm over the ocean sets off a steady swell of small-amplitude waves, but an earthquake at the sea floor can release an enormous flood wave? What produces mirages in the desert? In response to these questions, a great deal of mathematics has been developed to understand and predict the dynamics of light or sound waves the propagation of matter waves, the vibration patterns of elastic bodies, or the peculiar nature of water waves. This paper will provide a guided tour of mathematical wave theory together with physical applications, including the linear wave equation, dispersion and nonlinear waves and solitons. Mathematically one \u2013 dimensional heat equations for the flow were derived.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 39-41<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 01 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20729534572\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534572\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-76745117 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"76745117\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea5f5e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5ea5f5e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-180f3d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"180f3d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S.I Nwakaego<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematics, College of Education, Agbor Delta State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>J.C Ehiwario<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematics, College of Education, Agbor Delta State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr C.E. Emenonye<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematics, College of Education, Agbor Delta State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20729534573\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534573\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-64fbc6a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64fbc6a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ec16944 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ec16944\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77d99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77d99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Billingham J. and King A.C (2010). Wave motion Publish by Cambridge, University press.<br \/>[2] Coddington E.A. and Levinson N. (2007) Theory of Ordinary Differential Equation. McGraw-Hill, New York.<br \/>[3] Courant R and Hilbert O. Willey (2012).The Excellent Book methods of mathematical physics. Publish by Willey, New York Vol. 10<br \/>[4] Dan Russel (2011). Acoustics and Vibration Animations published by Cambridge University Press London.<br \/>[5] Erwin Kreyszig (2007). Advanced Engineering mathematics, 5th and 6th Edition. Published by Willey Eastern Limited New Delhi Bangalore Bombay, calcuta. Madras Hyderabad piene Lucknow Gurahati.<br \/>[6] French A.P (2009). Vibrations and Waves. Published by Norton NY. United Kingdom<br \/>[7] Ladis D. Kovach (2005) Advanced Engineering Mathematics Addison-Wesley Publishing company, reading Massachusetts. Menlo park, California London: Amsterdam, Don Mills Ontario, Sydeney.<br \/>[8] Main I.G. (1993).Vibrations and Waves in Physics.Published by Cambridge University Press, London Sydney Toronto.<br \/>[9] Norton NY, U.K Oliver Buhler and Alex Barnett (2009).Mathematical Wave Dynamics Spring 2009.Vol 63.0394. Norton NY, U.K<br \/>[10] Ray Wylie C. and Louis Barrett C. (2012) Advanced Engineering Mathematics 11th Edition McGraw-Hill Inc. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogoti Caracas Lisbon London.<br \/>[11] Spain B &amp; Smith M.G. (1997) Functions of mathematical physics.Published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company London New York Toronto Mebourne.<br \/>[12] William E. Boyce and Richard C. Diprima (1969).Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value problems.Sixth Edition.Published by John Willey and sons Inc. New York London Sydney, Toronto.<br \/>[13] William R. Derrick &amp; Stanley I. Grossman (1976). Elementary Differential Equations with Applications published by Addison-Wesley publishing company Reading Massachusetts, Menlo-Park California London Amsterdam Don Mills Ontario Sydney.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20729534574\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534574\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-37e5acf9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37e5acf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a3c316d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a3c316d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae6e8d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae6e8d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>S.I Nwakaego, J.C Ehiwario, Dr C.E. Emenonye &#8220;Mathematically Modeling the Telephone and Telegraph Equations in a Long Cable or Transmission Line&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.39-41 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/39-41.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20729534575\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20729534575\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1d12703a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d12703a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c5de0f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c5de0f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d421fd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d421fd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Mathematically Modeling the Telephone and Telegraph Equations in a Long Cable or Transmission Line\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/39-41.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3527bb5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3527bb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14ba43f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14ba43f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fb8da80 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"3fb8da80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/42-48.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Biofilm Formation and Virulent Properties of Bacterial Isolates in Stored Drinking Water of Some Homes\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/42-48.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBiofilm Formation and Virulent Properties of Bacterial Isolates in Stored Drinking Water of Some Homes\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23de24eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23de24eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Amadi-Ikpa, C. N., Akani, N. P., Wemedo, S.A. &amp; Williams, J.O. August 2020 Page No.: 42-48<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e7880f8 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"4e7880f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1316520184\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201841\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201841\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-13165201841\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201842\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201842\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-13165201842\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201843\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201843\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-13165201843\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201844\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201844\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-13165201844\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201845\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201845\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-13165201845\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-13165201841\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201841\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-4591524d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4591524d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3db07613 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3db07613\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f23f11b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f23f11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The change in stored drinking water quality in containers calls for concern due to possible build up of biofilm by bacteria which find their way into water. The study aimed at determining the biofilm and virulent properties of associated bacteria. Thus, thirty water samples from some homes were collected, stored and analyzed using spread and streaking techniques to isolate characteristic bacterial colonies on standard media. A total of 29 bacterial isolates belonging to five genera were identified molecularly. The bacteria isolates namely: Bacillus flexus, Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense, Providencia stuartii, Alcaligene faecalis and Providencia rustigianii were obtained. The bacterial isolates with their percentage virulent potential are as follow; Bacillus flexus 100%, Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense16.6% Providencia stuartii 33%, Alcaligene faecalis 66% and Providencia rustigianii 33.3%. All bacterial isolates developed\/expressed biofim formation except Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense. Biofilm formation in the interior surface wall of drinking water storage container was also dependent on the nature and type of storage vessel or container used in the home. The virulence factors as exhibited by these potential pathogens have vital role in invading underlying or immune compromised individuals. Thus, the effect in the change of stored drinking water in containers can be mitigated when individuals maintain good personal hygiene and boost their immune system in order to put off the potential of opportunistic pathogens recovered in this study.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 42-48<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 01 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-13165201842\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201842\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-13318b9e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13318b9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-702cc3fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"702cc3fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a7d4b9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a7d4b9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amadi-Ikpa, C. N.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu Oroworukwo, P.M.B.5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akani, N. P.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu Oroworukwo, P.M.B.5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wemedo, S.A.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu Oroworukwo, P.M.B.5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Williams, J.O.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu Oroworukwo, P.M.B.5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-13165201843\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201843\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7cf12ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7cf12ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4563f39a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4563f39a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fc917d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fc917d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Bharadway, B. &amp; Prakasam, G.(2016). Detection of Lipase and Lecithinase Among Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 45 (2), 122-130<br \/>[2] Buchanan, J.T.(2006). DNase Expression Allows the Pathogen Group A Streptococcus to Escape Killing in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Science Direct 34, 440 -456.<br \/>[3] Chakraborty, P. &amp; Nishith, K.P. (2008). Manual of Practical Microbiology and Parasitology (First Edition). Kolkata, India: New Central Book Agency. ISBN 81-7381-556-9<br \/>[4] Clasen, T., Smith, L., Albert, J., Bastalle, A. &amp; Fesselet, J, (2006). Drinking Water Response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami: Including the Role of Household Water Treatment. Disaster Review Managers, 15, 190-201.<br \/>[5] Collins,C.N.&amp; Lyne,P.M. (1984). Microbiological Methods (6th Edition) Butterworths London.<br \/>[6] Duru, M., Amadi, C., Amadi, B., Nsofor, C. &amp; Nze, H.(2013). Effect of Different Water Storage Vessel on Water Quality. Global Research Journal of Science, 2276-8300<br \/>[7] Freeman, D.J., Falkiner, F.R., Keane, C.T. (1989). New Method for Detecting Slime Production by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci. Journal of Clinical Pathology,42, , 872-874.<br \/>[8] General Laboratory Technology (2007). Percentage Concentration Calculation, Volume per Volume, Weight per Volume. Journal of Biological Methods, 6, 22-80.<br \/>[9] Government of Rivers State Nigeria (GRSN), (2016). Urban Water Sector Reform and Port Harcourt Water Supply and Sanitation Project Launch. Rivers State Water Board Report. 45,1-15.<br \/>[10] Haas, B. (2014). Characterization of DNAse Activity and Gene in Streptococcus suis and Evidence for a Role as Virulent Factors, Journal of Clinical Pathology, 52 (3), 461-469.<br \/>[11] Hawthorne, J. (2018). Critical Facts About Waterborne Diseases in Carolinna Sub-Hub. Journal of Applied Sciences, 5, 117-123<br \/>[12] Kovocs, D. G. &amp; Knipers, S. E.(2011). Current and Recent Advanced Strategies for Combating Biofilms, Comprehensive Review in Food Science and Food Safety, 14 (4), 491-509.<br \/>[13] LeChevallier B. J (2007). The Effect of Container-Biofilm on the Microbiological Quality of Water Used From Plastic Household Container, Living Healthy, 1 (3), 101-108.<br \/>[14] Malama, K.(2015). Lusaka Most Vulnerable to Waterborne Diseases. Newswatch Nation, 41 , 181-187.<br \/>[15] Morin,P., Gauthier, V., Saby, S. &amp; Block, J.C. (1999). Bacterial Resistance to Chlorine Through attachment to Particles and Pipe Surfaces in Drinking Water Distribution Systems. Biofilms in Aquatic Systems, 14 , 200- 212<br \/>[16] Nagababu, E., Chrest, F.T. &amp; Rifkind, J.M.(2003). Hydrogen-Peroxide Induced Home Degradation in Red Blood Cells: The Protective Roles of Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase. United States National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. 16 (13), 211-217.<br \/>[17] Okeke, C. (2018). Contaminated Water as Major Cause of High Death Rate. Leadership Newspaper, 6, 38- 35.<br \/>[18] Public Health England (PHE) (2017). Detection and Enumeration of Bacterial in Swabs and Other Environmental Samples. National Infection Service Food Water and Environmental Biology Standard Method,4 (56), 789-795.<br \/>[19] Sagar, A. (2015). Basic Microbiology \/ Culture Media. Xavier\u2019s College, Kathmandu, Nepal. Online Microbiology Notes<br \/>[20] Sadekuzzaman, M., Yang, M.R.R. &amp; Mizan, H.A. (2015). Current and Resent Strategies for Combating Biofilms. Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 44 (4), 491-509.<br \/>[21] Seong, P.,Kim,M.S.,Baik,S.K. &amp;Seong, C.N.(2008). Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense Isolated from a Water Cooling System. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 20, 822-830<br \/>[22] Sravan K. C. (2014). Bacteria from Marine Bodies on Artificial Plant Forms. Aquatic Life, 4, 142-154.<br \/>[23] Silver, D.(2019). Puerto Ricans at Risk of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks in Wake of Hurricana maria. NBC NewsDigital 4, 14 \u2013 22.<br \/>[24] Suzina, N.E., Duda, V.I., Esikova, I.Z &amp; Shorokhova, A.B.(2011). Novel Ultra Micro-bacterial Strains NFA and NF5 of the Genius Chryseobacterium : Facultative Epibionts of Bacillus. Okabs Review, 9 , 7321-7329<br \/>[25] Taylor, C.B. &amp; Collins, V.G.(1948). Development of Bacteria in Water Stored in Glass Containers. Freshwater Biological Association, 3, (1), 32-42<br \/>[26] Wemedo, S.A, Amadi-Ikpa, C. N. &amp; Essien , J.P. (2016). Population and Virulent Attributes of bacteria in Sachet Water Sold in a Port Harcourt Subhub (Rumuepirikom) Journal of Biology and Genetic Research,2 (3), 2545-5710.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-13165201844\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201844\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5cf5acab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5cf5acab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4598f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a4598f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f50d72a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f50d72a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Amadi-Ikpa, C. N., Akani, N. P., Wemedo, S.A. &amp; Williams, J.O. &#8220;Biofilm Formation and Virulent Properties of Bacterial Isolates in Stored Drinking Water of Some Homes&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.42-48 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/42-48.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-13165201845\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-13165201845\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5e44c8bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e44c8bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4930c2c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4930c2c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44ee8f58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44ee8f58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Biofilm Formation and Virulent Properties of Bacterial Isolates in Stored Drinking Water of Some Homes\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/42-48.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-566ae5f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"566ae5f3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dcfaa81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5dcfaa81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b5f43cc elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"3b5f43cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/49-54.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Population of Microbes Associated With Stored Drinking Water in Some Diobu Homes, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/49-54.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPopulation of Microbes Associated With Stored Drinking Water in Some Diobu Homes, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1768a5f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1768a5f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Akani, N. P., Amadi-Ikpa, C. N. &amp; Wemedo, S.A. August 2020 Page No.: 49-54<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e34c332 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"e34c332\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"238338866\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388661\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388661\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2383388661\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388662\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388662\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2383388662\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388663\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388663\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2383388663\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388664\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388664\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2383388664\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388665\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388665\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2383388665\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2383388661\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388661\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-6a69240a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a69240a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-267c82ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"267c82ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-814038e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"814038e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The microbial evaluation of drinking water stored in homes have become necessary as the water could be contaminated by pathogens. Questionnaire administration was done, followed collection of one hundred and eighty stored drinking water samples from homes having no toilet\/water facilities and homes with toilet\/water facilities.\u00a0 Microbial analyses reported a mean and standard deviation counts of heterotrophic bacteria,\u00a0<em>Salmonella,<\/em>\u00a0<em>Shigella, Vibrio,<\/em>\u00a0heterotrophic fungi<em>,\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Staphylococcal,\u00a0 Pseudomonads,\u00a0 fecal coliform and total coliform bacterial as 1.6 \u00b1 5.8 x 10<sup>3<\/sup>, 2 \u00b1 1.0 x 10<sup>2<\/sup>, 0 \u00b1 0.0, 1 \u00b1 1.2 x 10<sup>2<\/sup>, 0 \u00b1 0.0, 1 \u00b1 1.1 x 10<sup>2<\/sup>, 0 \u00b1 0.0, 2 \u00b1 2.8 x 10<sup>2<\/sup>, 6 \u00b1 3.2 x 10<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0CFU\/ml\u00a0\u00a0 respectively for homes with toilet\/water facilities, while for homes without toilet \/water facilities, the counts were 2.8 \u00b1 9.8 x 10<sup>3<\/sup>, 4 \u00b1 1.2 x 10<sup>2<\/sup>, 0 \u00b1 0.0,\u00a0 3 \u00b1 4.6 x 10<sup>2<\/sup>, 1 \u00b1 1.2 x 10<sup>2<\/sup>, 6 \u00b1 8.6 x 10<sup>2<\/sup>, 0 \u00b1 0.0, 3 \u00b1 1.5 x 10<sup>2<\/sup>,\u00a0 1.2 \u00b1 9.2 x 10<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0CFU\/ml for\u00a0 heterotrophic bacteria,\u00a0\u00a0<em>Salmonella,\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0<em>Shigella, Vibrio,\u00a0<\/em>heterotrophic fungi,<em>\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Staphylococcal,\u00a0 Pseudomonads,\u00a0 fecal coliform and total coliform bacterial respectively. A total of seventy (70) isolates belonging to five (6) genera namely:\u00a0<em>Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio\u00a0<\/em>spp<em>, Salmonella\u00a0<\/em>spp<em>, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella\u00a0<\/em>spp and\u00a0<em>Candida\u00a0<\/em>spp were isolated and identified biochemically. The isolates with their prevalence from water samples from homes with water and toilet facilities are\u00a0<em>Staphylococcus aureus\u00a0<\/em>34%,<em>\u00a0Vibrio\u00a0<\/em>spp 3.4%<em>, Salmonella\u00a0<\/em>spp 20.6%,<em>\u00a0Escherichia coli\u00a0<\/em>31%<em>, Klebsiella\u00a0<\/em>spp 10.3%, and\u00a0<em>Candida\u00a0<\/em>spp 0%, while\u00a0<em>Staphylococcus aureus\u00a0<\/em>34.1%,<em>\u00a0Vibrio\u00a0<\/em>spp 9.7%,<em>\u00a0Salmonella\u00a0<\/em>spp 21.9%,<em>\u00a0Escherichia coli\u00a0<\/em>26.8%,<em>\u00a0Klebsiella\u00a0<\/em>spp 4.8%, and\u00a0<em>Candida\u00a0<\/em>spp 2.4% were noted for homes without toilet and water facilities. Thus, stored water is challenged by poor storage containers, unhygienic sanitary practice and ignorance, as the water samples did not meet the WHO permissible bacteriological limits for drinking water. It is recommended that households develop an altitudinal interest in water security through the practice of good hygiene.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 49-54<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 01 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2383388662\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388662\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-205b6046 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"205b6046\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41faedad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41faedad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1383beb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1383beb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akani, N. P.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu Oroworukwo, P.M.B.5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amadi-Ikpa, C. N.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu Oroworukwo, P.M.B.5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wemedo, S.A.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu Oroworukwo, P.M.B.5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2383388663\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388663\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-29f60be1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29f60be1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-687f85d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"687f85d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdf560e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdf560e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Adna, M. A. (2014). Drinking Water Quality Assessment of the Middle East, the Gaza Strip, Palestine Water Resources and Industry,5 (2), 58-60.<br \/>[2] Ayanbimpe, G, Abbah,V.E.&amp; Ior, C.A.(2012).Yeast and Yeast-Like Fungal Contaminants of Water Used for Domestic Purpose in Jos, Nigeria. Microbiology Research 3 (24), 99-102.<br \/>[3] Amanidaz, N. (2015). The Intervention between Heterotrophic Bacteria, Coliform, Feacal Coliform, Feacal Streptococci Bacteria in the Water Supply. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,12, 53 \u2013 60.<br \/>[4] Ashbolt, N. (2015). Microbial Contamination of Drinking Water and Human Health from Community Water System. Current Environmental Health Reports Int. J Environ Health Perspect, 11(6),13-7.<br \/>[5] Costerton, J.W., Stewart, P.S. &amp; Greenberg,E.P.(1999). Bacteria Biofilm;a Common Cause of Persistent Infections. Science Direct, 284, 1318-1322.<br \/>[6] Duru, M., Amadi, C., Amadi, B., Nsofor, C. &amp; Nze, H.(2013). Effect of Different Water Storage Vessel on Water Quality. Global Research Journal of Science, 2276-8300<br \/>[7] Farley, M.G. (2018). Water &amp; Sanitation: How Long Does it Take to Get Water. Unicef Newsletter Review, 88,137-144.<br \/>[8] Gupta, S.K. &amp; Quick, R. (2006). Inadequate Drinking Water Quality from Tanker Trucks Following a Tsunami Disaster, Acch information, 23, 34-37.<br \/>[9] Haleem, A.A. &amp; Karuppayil, M.S. (2012). Fungal Pollution of Indoor Environment and its Management. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 4 (15), 227-230.<br \/>[10] Haruta, S.&amp; Kanno, N. (2015). Survivability of Microbes in Natural Environments and Their Ecological Impacts. Microbes Environment, 6, 431- 441<br \/>[11] LeChevallier, M.N. &amp; Seidner,R.J. (1980). Staphylococcus aureus in Rural Drinking Water. Applied &amp; Environmental Microbiology 39, (4); 739\u2014742.<br \/>[12] Mark, W.L. &amp; Ramon, J.S. (1980). Staphylococcus aureus in Rural Drinking Water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 30 (4),739-742.<br \/>[13] Mena, C. B. (2009). Rusk Assesment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Water. Environmental Toxicology, 201, 71-115<br \/>[14] Ohaka, E. T.(2007). Medical Outreach, Golden Jubilee Magazine, 5 ,3- 5.<br \/>[15] Okolie, J.C.N. (2001). Fundamentals of Research Methodology for Nigerian Tertiary Institutions, (Second Edition), Owerri, Imo State: Okson Printing Services.<br \/>[16] Passmore, R. &amp; Robson,J.S.(1973). A Companion to Medical Studies (Sixth Edition) Edinburgh Melbourne: Blackwell Scientific Publications.<br \/>[17] Rather, I.A., Koh,W..Y. &amp; Lim,J. (2017). The Source of Chemical Contaminants in Food and Their Health Implications. Frontiers in Pharmacology 8,830<br \/>[18] Rusin, P.A., Rose, J.B., Haas, C.N. &amp; Gerba,C.P.(1997). Risk Assessment of Opportunistic Bacterial Pathogens in Drinking Water. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,152, 57-28.<br \/>[19] Thakadu, O.T., Ngwenya, B.N., Phaladze, N.A. &amp; Bolaane, B. (2018). Sanitation and Hygiene Practices Among Primary School Learners in Ngamiland District, Bostswana. Science Direct, 105, 224-230.<br \/>[20] WDTR (2019). Waterborne Diseases: Threat Report. European Center for Disease Prevention and Control.<br \/>[21] World Health Organization WHO. (2017). Guideline for Drinking Water Quality (Fourth Edition) Incorporating the First Addendum Geneva,Swizerland: WHO Library Cataloguing \u2013in-Publication ISBN 978-92-4-154995-0<br \/>[22] Yilrwang, K.(2019). Many Houses Built in Jos Without Toilet Facilities. News Agency of Nigeria (65)7<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2383388664\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388664\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-56b8a10e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56b8a10e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-242892ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"242892ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1147bbe4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1147bbe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Akani, N. P., Amadi-Ikpa, C. N. &amp; Wemedo, S.A. &#8220;Population of Microbes Associated With Stored Drinking Water in Some Diobu Homes, Port Harcourt, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.49-54 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/49-54.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2383388665\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2383388665\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-15b15746 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15b15746\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e5efdfd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e5efdfd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2633c65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2633c65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Population of Microbes Associated With Stored Drinking Water in Some Diobu Homes, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/49-54.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-637b75a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"637b75a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67721bf4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67721bf4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c1a597c elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"2c1a597c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/55-72.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Petrology and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of Banded Iron Formation-Hosted Iron Mineralization from the Paleoproterozoic Nyong Serie (Congo Craton, South Cameroon), Pout Njouma Area (Edea North): Evidence for Iron Ore Deposits\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/55-72.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPetrology and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of Banded Iron Formation-Hosted Iron Mineralization from the Paleoproterozoic Nyong Serie (Congo Craton, South Cameroon), Pout Njouma Area (Edea North): Evidence for Iron Ore Deposits\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d292a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d292a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ndema Mbongu\u00e9 Jean-Lavenir, Aroke Eric Alemnju August 2020 Page No.: 55-72<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48aba5 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"48aba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"4762533\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-47625331\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-47625331\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-47625331\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-47625332\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-47625332\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-47625332\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-47625333\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-47625333\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-47625333\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-47625334\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-47625334\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-47625334\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-47625335\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-47625335\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-47625335\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-47625331\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-47625331\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-2d2033ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d2033ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aee180e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7aee180e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b611f1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b611f1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The Pout Njouma area is located in the Nyong unit, which is the northwestern extension of the Congo Craton in southern Cameroon. The assessment of iron mineralization in this area is carried out through rock sampling survey. Representative rock samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) combined with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technologies to completely characterize the iron- rich rock samples. The Pout Njouma area is made up of magnetite- gneiss, magnetite- quartzite and banded iron formations; these rocks display microband textures and granoblastic microstructures. The mineral assemblages indicate that magnetite- gneiss and magnetite- quartzite have been metamorphosed under greenschist facies conditions, while banded iron formations display the paragenesis of greenschist to amphibolite facies. This iron deposit belongs to the oxide facies, with magnetite and quartz being the common predominant minerals while sericite and limonite occur as accessory minerals. The Pout Njouma iron occurrence exhibits significant concentration of Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+ SiO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(95%), relative elevated values of Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0and TiO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0contents, lower high field strength elements (Y, Hf, Sc, Zr) and variation in enrichment in transition metals. Post Archaean Australian Shale- normalized rare earth elements patterns show slight enrichment in light rare earth elements relative to heavy rare earth elements. The Pout Njouma iron deposits have the composition of Fe-sand, and their geochemical signature indicates that low input of detrital materials contributed to the chemical precipitation of their formation. The absence of a large positive Eu anomaly (Eu\/Eu* = 1.01-1.54) indicates that an important role of low-temperature hydrothermal solutions contributed to the deposition of the Pout Njouma ion deposits. Pout Njouma area is of low grade siliceous ore (43.19 to 48.49% Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>) corresponding to depleted iron ore (30 to 50% Fe). The Pout Njouma iron deposits derived from Precambrian rocks which were deposited in an oceanic island-arc margin (ARC) setting where conditions were anoxic and fast sedimentation. The average chemical composition of Pout Njouma iron formations is compared with the known BIFs and the result show SiO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0and Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0enrichment except in Mballam and Mayo Binka where Fe shows significant elevated values compared with SiO<sub>2<\/sub>. Also, data show low concentration of Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>, TiO<sub>2<\/sub>, CaO and MnO, which infers the non-volcanogenic origin.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 55-72<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 01 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-47625332\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-47625332\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-543ddd54 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"543ddd54\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62835c87 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"62835c87\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f9e4177 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f9e4177\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ndema Mbongu\u00e9 Jean-Lavenir<\/strong><br \/>Department of Geology, University of Buea; Buea, Cameroon<br \/>Laboratory of Petrology and Structural Geology, Department of Earth Science, UY I; Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aroke Eric Alemnju<\/strong><br \/>Department of Geology, University of Buea; Buea, Cameroon<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-47625333\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-47625333\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2a99a6c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2a99a6c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19389325 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"19389325\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57821f8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57821f8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Klein, C., (2005). Some Precambrian banded-iron formation (BIFs) from around the world: their age, geologic setting, mineralogy, metamorphism, geochemistry and origin. Am. Miner. 90, 1473\u20131499.<br \/>[2] Lewy, Z., (2012). Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) and Associated Sediments Do Not Reflect the Physical and Chemical Properties of Early Precambrian Seas. International Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 226-236. doi:10.4236\/ijg.2012.31026<br \/>[3] Bekker, A., Slack, J.F., Planavsky, N., Krape\u017e, B., Hofmann, A., Konhauser, K.O., and Rouxel, O.J., (2010). Iron formation: The sedimentary product of a complex interplay among mantle, tectonic, oceanic, and biospheric processes. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 105, p. 467\u2013508, doi:10.2113\/gsecongeo.105.3.467.<br \/>[4] Huston, D.L., Logan, G.A., (2004) Barite, BIFs and bugs: evidence for the evolution of the Earth&#8217;s early hydrosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. 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Geosci., 3, 1074\u20131083.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-47625334\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-47625334\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6f34923 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f34923\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-354e3e29 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"354e3e29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18c186a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18c186a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ndema Mbongu\u00e9 Jean-Lavenir, Aroke Eric Alemnju &#8220;Petrology and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of Banded Iron Formation-Hosted Iron Mineralization from the Paleoproterozoic Nyong Serie (Congo Craton, South Cameroon), Pout Njouma Area (Edea North): Evidence for Iron Ore Deposits&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.55-72 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/55-72.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-47625335\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-47625335\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-78e856b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"78e856b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-523aa3a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"523aa3a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79e77047 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79e77047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Petrology and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of Banded Iron Formation-Hosted Iron Mineralization from the Paleoproterozoic Nyong Serie (Congo Craton, South Cameroon), Pout Njouma Area (Edea North): Evidence for Iron Ore Deposits\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/55-72.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cd80ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"48cd80ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-324ca77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"324ca77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69829c20 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"69829c20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/73-80.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Analytical Solution of First Kind Volterra Integro-Differential Equation Using Sadik Transform\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/73-80.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnalytical Solution of First Kind Volterra Integro-Differential Equation Using Sadik Transform\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f100d94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f100d94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Aakansha Vyas, Swarg Deep Sharma August 2020 Page No.: 73-80<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e34b95c e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"5e34b95c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1580513628\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136281\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136281\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15805136281\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136282\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136282\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15805136282\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136283\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136283\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15805136283\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136284\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136284\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15805136284\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136285\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136285\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15805136285\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15805136281\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136281\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-365cebb9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"365cebb9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d7017c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d7017c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f897bba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f897bba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Volterra integro-differential equation generally appears when an initial value problem is to be converted into an integral equation. In this paper, authors determined the analytical solution of first kind Volterra integro-differential equation using Sadik transform. In this work, authors have considered that the kernel of first kind Volterra integro-differential equation is a convolution type kernel. Some numerical problems have been considered and solved with the help of Sadik transform for explaining the complete methodology. Results of numerical problems show that Sadik transform is very effective integral transform for determining the analytical solution of first kind Volterra integro-differential equation.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 73-80<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 02 Septemeber 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15805136282\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136282\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-65987aa4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65987aa4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6615be e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c6615be\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c042669 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c042669\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National P.G. College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aakansha Vyas<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Noida Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology, Greater Noida-201306, U.P., India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Swarg Deep Sharma<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Nand Lal Singh College Jaitpur Daudpur Constituent of Jai Prakash University Chhapra-841205, Bihar, India<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15805136283\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136283\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5f0dcb50 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f0dcb50\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5219e7ad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5219e7ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-272853c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"272853c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). A new application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations. Asian Resonance, 7(2), 46-48.<br \/>[2] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(9), 154-161.<br \/>[3] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). A new application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations. Asian Resonance, 7(3), 156-158.<br \/>[4] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). A new application of Shehu transform for handling Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(4), 439-445.<br \/>[5] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). Application of Elzaki transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3687-3692.<br \/>[6] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3745-3753.<br \/>[7] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Solution of linear Volterra integral equations of second kind using Mohand transform. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3098-3102.<br \/>[8] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). A new application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(4), 138-140.<br \/>[9] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Solution of linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind using Mahgoub transform. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(5), 173-176.<br \/>[10] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Solution of linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind using Kamal transform. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(1), 741-747.<br \/>[11] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Aboodh transform for solving linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(6), 1186-1190.<br \/>[12] Chauhan, R., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2018). Solution of linear partial integro-differential equations using Mahgoub transform. Periodic Research, 7(1), 28-31.<br \/>[13] Gupta, A. R., Aggarwal, S., &amp; Agrawal, D. (2018). Solution of linear partial integro-differential equations using Kamal transform. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(7), 88-91.<br \/>[14] Singh, G. P., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Sawi transform for population growth and decay problems. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 8(8), 157-162.<br \/>[15] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Solution of population growth and decay problems by using Mohand transform. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3277-3282.<br \/>[16] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., Asthana, N., &amp; Singh, D. P. (2018). Application of Kamal transform for solving population growth and decay problems. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(9), 254-260.<br \/>[17] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S. D., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Application of Shehu transform for handling growth and decay problems. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(4), 190-198.<br \/>[18] Aggarwal, S., Singh, D. P., Asthana, N., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2018). Application of Elzaki transform for solving population growth and decay problems. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 5(9), 281-284.<br \/>[19] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., Singh, D. P., Asthana, N., &amp; Kumar, N. (2018). Application of Laplace transform for solving population growth and decay problems. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(9), 141-145.<br \/>[20] Aggarwal, S., Pandey, M., Asthana, N., Singh, D. P., &amp; Kumar, A. (2018). Application of Mahgoub transform for solving population growth and decay problems. Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, 9(10), 1490-1496.<br \/>[21] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2020). Duality relations of Kamal transform with Laplace, Laplace\u2013Carson, Aboodh, Sumudu, Elzaki, Mohand and Sawi transforms. SN Applied Sciences, 2(1), 135.<br \/>[22] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Bhatnagar, K. (2019). Dualities between Laplace transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 9(1), 936-941.<br \/>[23] Chauhan, R., Kumar, N., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Dualities between Laplace-Carson transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(12), 1654-1659.<br \/>[24] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Dualities between Mohand transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 843-847.<br \/>[25] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Dualities between some useful integral transforms and Sawi transform. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 5978-5982.<br \/>[26] Aggarwal, S., Bhatnagar, K., &amp; Dua, A. (2019). Dualities between Elzaki transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(12), 4312-4318.<br \/>[27] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., Chaudhary, R., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Kamal transforms. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(2), 113-123.<br \/>[28] Aggarwal, S., Mishra, R., &amp; Chaudhary, A. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Elzaki transforms. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(2), 203-213.<br \/>[29] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Sumudu transforms. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 145-153.<br \/>[30] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Aboodh transforms. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(1), 520-529.<br \/>[31] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Chaudhary, R. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Laplace transforms. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(2), 230-240.<br \/>[32] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Kumar, A. (2019). Elzaki transform of error function. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(5), 412-422.<br \/>[33] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Singh, G. P. (2019). Aboodh transform of error function. Universal Review, 10(6), 137-150.<br \/>[34] Aggarwal, S., &amp; GP, S. (2019). Shehu Transform of Error Function (Probability Integral). Int J Res Advent Technol, 7, 54-60.<br \/>[35] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). Sumudu transform of error function. Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 6(6), 1222-1231.<br \/>[36] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Kumar, D. (2019). Mohand transform of error function. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 7(5), 224-231.<br \/>[37] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Singh, G. P. (2019). Kamal transform of error function. Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 6(5), 2223-2235.<br \/>[38] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., Sharma, S. D., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2019). Mahgoub transform (Laplace-Carson transform) of error function. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 8(4), 92-98.<br \/>[39] Aggarwal, S., Singh, A., Kumar, A., &amp; Kumar, N. (2019). Application of Laplace transform for solving improper integrals whose integrand consisting error function. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(2), 1-7.<br \/>[40] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., Chauhan, R., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Khandelwal, A. (2018). A new application of Mahgoub transform for solving linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, 9(6), 520-525.<br \/>[41] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). Application of Kamal transform for solving Abel\u2019s integral equation. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(3), 82-90.<br \/>[42] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Sumudu transform for the solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 423-431.<br \/>[43] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S. D., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). A new application of Mohand transform for handling Abel\u2019s integral equation. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(3), 600-608.<br \/>[44] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S. D. (2019). Solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation by Aboodh transform method. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(4), 317-325.<br \/>[45] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Gupta, A. R. (2019). Shehu Transform for Solving Abel\u2019s Integral Equation. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(5), 101-110.<br \/>[46] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). Mohand transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(11), 3034-3038.<br \/>[47] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A. R., &amp; Agrawal, D. (2018). Aboodh transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 3(3), 1-5.<br \/>[48] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Mahgoub transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science, 7(8), 32-36.<br \/>[49] Aggarwal, S. (2018). Elzaki transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 5(8), 45-51.<br \/>[50] Chaudhary, R., Sharma, S.D., Kumar, N., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Connections between Aboodh transform and some useful integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 1465-1470.<br \/>[51] Aggarwal, S., Chauhan, R., &amp; Sharma, N. (2018). Application of Elzaki transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(12), 3687-3692.<br \/>[52] Aggarwal, S., Sharma, N., &amp; Chauhan, R. (2018). Application of Kamal transform for solving linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(8), 2081-2088.<br \/>[53] Aggarwal, S., Asthana, N. &amp; Singh, D.P. (2018). Solution of population growth and decay problems by using Aboodh transform method. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 6(10), 2706-2710.<br \/>[54] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Bhatnagar, K. (2019). Sadik transform for handling population growth and decay problems. Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 6(6), 1212-1221.<br \/>[55] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, S.D. (2019). Sadik transform of error function (probability integral). Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches, 6(6), 125-135.<br \/>[56] Aggarwal, S., Gupta, A.R., &amp; Sharma, S.D. (2019). Application of Sadik transform for handling linear Volterra integro-differential equations of second kind. Universal Review, 10(7), 177-187.<br \/>[57] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Bhatnagar, K. (2019). Solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation using Sadik transform. Asian Resonance, 8(2), (Part-1), 57-63.<br \/>[58] Aggarwal, S. (2019). A comparative study of Mohand and Mahgoub transforms. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(1), 1-7.<br \/>[59] Aggarwal, S. (2018). Kamal transform of Bessel\u2019s functions. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 3(7), 1-4.<br \/>[60] Chauhan, R., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Laplace transform for convolution type linear Volterra integral equation of second kind. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 1-7.<br \/>[61] Sharma, N., &amp; Aggarwal, S. (2019). Laplace transform for the solution of Abel\u2019s integral equation. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 8-15.<br \/>[62] Aggarwal, S., &amp; Sharma, N. (2019). Laplace transform for the solution of first kind linear Volterra integral equation. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 4(3&amp;4), 16-23.<br \/>[63] Mishra, R., Aggarwal, S., Chaudhary, L., &amp; Kumar, A. (2020). Relationship between Sumudu and some efficient integral transforms. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(3), 153-159.<br \/>[64] Sadikali, L.S. (2018). Introducing a new integral transform: Sadik transform. American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering &amp; Mathematics, 22(1), 100-102.<br \/>[65] Sadikali, L.S. (2018). Sadik transform in control theory. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 3(5), 396-398.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15805136284\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136284\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5d4efff2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d4efff2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-291eaf08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"291eaf08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25f8ee90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25f8ee90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Aakansha Vyas, Swarg Deep Sharma &#8220;Analytical Solution of First Kind Volterra Integro-Differential Equation Using Sadik Transform&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.73-80 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/73-80.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15805136285\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15805136285\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6c207e53 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c207e53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f9f7b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d9f9f7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20cddcb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20cddcb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Analytical Solution of First Kind Volterra Integro-Differential Equation Using Sadik Transform\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/73-80.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-408cee8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"408cee8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68be39d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68be39d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1915fabb elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1915fabb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/81-88.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Comparison and Performance Analysis of SVM and PSO-SVM Algorithms (Case Study Classification of Senior High School)\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/81-88.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tComparison and Performance Analysis of SVM and PSO-SVM Algorithms (Case Study Classification of Senior High School)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-367d6c4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"367d6c4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Basuki Rakhim Setya Permana, Andreas Tri Panudju August 2020 Page No.: 81-88<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7988b680 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"7988b680\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"2039002752\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027521\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027521\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20390027521\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027522\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027522\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20390027522\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027523\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027523\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20390027523\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027524\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027524\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20390027524\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027525\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027525\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-20390027525\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20390027521\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027521\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-31769058 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"31769058\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bf30090 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bf30090\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f6703da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f6703da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Attribute Selection is very important for classification process. This research has been done by doing attribute selection using PSO method (Particle Swarm Optimization) on SVM algorithm (Support Vector Machine). The development of the classification model uses three parameters especially data attribute, influence of the transformation of various kernel function and penalty factor (C) toward the performance of SVM and PSO-SVM classification. The analysis uses five kernels in mySVM library that existed in Rapidminer application namely dot, radial, polynomial, neural, and anova kernel. The training data used in the first model classification development is student interest data at ABC high school on 2013-2014 year academic. The first model is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and auc value test. The first result shows that the anova kernel on PSO- SVM is able to work with accuracy level 99.30% using penalty factor 0.1. The second model has been developed to predict student interest in XYZ high school. The second result shows that PSO-SVM with kernel anova is able to classify students interest with 99.29% accuracy level.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 81-88<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 02 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20390027522\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027522\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1682d61b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1682d61b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b2de4c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b2de4c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b4689f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b4689f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Basuki Rakhim Setya Permana<\/strong><br \/>Information System Department, Bina Bangsa University<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Andreas Tri Panudju<\/strong><br \/>Industrial Engineering Departments, Bina Bangsa University<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20390027523\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027523\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-65cd4e04 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65cd4e04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74300f32 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74300f32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e05bcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e05bcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. F. Jui-Hsi, C. Jui-Hung, H. Yueh-Min, and C. Han-Chieh, &#8220;A Support Vector Regression based Prediction of Student\u2019s School Performance&#8221;, Computer, Consumer and Control (IS3C), International Symposium, pp.84-87, 2012.<br \/>[2]. P. Nimit, M. Masayuki, M. Michihiko, &#8220;Learning to Estimate Slide Comprehension in Classroom with Support Vector Machines&#8221;. IEEE Computer Society, vol. 5, pp.52-61, March. 2012.<br \/>[3]. B. Theopilus, &#8220;Klasifikasi Jalur Minat Siswa Menggunakan Algoritme Support Vector Machine (SVM) (Kasus: SMA Negeri 1 dan SMA Negeri 2 Sragen)&#8221;, Tesis, Jurusan Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, UGM, Yogyakarta, 2014.<br \/>[4]. J.T. Chung, Y.C. Li, C.Y. Jun, and Y. Cheng-Hong, &#8220;Feature Selection using PSO-SVM&#8221;, IAENG International Journal of Computer Science, IJCS, February, 2007.<br \/>[5]. A. Fatima and S. Kaddour, \u201cOptimization of SVM Multiclass by Particle Swarm (PSO-SVM)&#8221;. Modern Education and Computer Science (MECS), vol. 2, pp.32-38, 2010.<br \/>[6]. I.H. Witten, E. Frank, and M.A. Hall, \u201cData Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques\u201d, Third Edition, Elsevier Publisher, USA, 2011.<br \/>[7]. J. Agustinus, \u201cSistem Deteksi Intrusi Jaringan dengan Metode Support Vector Machine\u201d, M. Eng, Thesis, Jurusan Ilmu Komputer FMIPA UGM, Yogyakarta, 2012.<br \/>[8]. J. Brownlee, &#8220;Clever Algorithms,&#8221; 2013. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.cleveralgorithms.com\/nature-inspired\/swarm.html. [Accessed 28 Juni 2020].<br \/>[9]. B. Santosa, &#8220;Tutorial Particle Swarm Optimization,&#8221; [Online]. Available: http:\/\/oc.its.ac.id\/ambilfile.php?i dp=1221. [Accessed 28 Juni 2020].<br \/>[10]. N. Dhanasaputra and B. Santosa, &#8220;Pengembangan Algoritma Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) untuk Klasifikasi&#8221;. Jurnal ITS, p. 3, 2010.<br \/>[11]. J. Han, and M. Kamber, \u201cData mining: Concepts and Techniques\u201d, Third Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Fransisco, 2013.<br \/>[12]. S. Ali, and A. Smith, \u201cImproved Support Vector Machine Generalization Using Normalized Input Space\u201d.AI 2010: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, vol.4304, pp.362-371, 2010.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20390027524\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027524\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7355bdba e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7355bdba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d6e3385 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d6e3385\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-670a6250 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"670a6250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Basuki Rakhim Setya Permana, Andreas Tri Panudju &#8220;Comparison and Performance Analysis of SVM and PSO-SVM Algorithms (Case Study Classification of Senior High School) &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.81-88 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/81-88.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-20390027525\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-20390027525\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3322655c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3322655c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41f28b01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41f28b01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35fb9a0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35fb9a0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Comparison and Performance Analysis of SVM and PSO-SVM Algorithms (Case Study Classification of Senior High School) \" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/81-88.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-659457f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"659457f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4958d587 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4958d587\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fd0bf9b elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"2fd0bf9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/89-94.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Benefits and Challenges of Agroforestry Practices in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/89-94.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBenefits and Challenges of Agroforestry Practices in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-532aecbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"532aecbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ishola, B.F., Ijah, A.A., Ayodele, J.T., Likita, M.S., Awobona, T.A., Omodona, S., Danbaki, C.A, Yahaya, U.F and Olukotun, O. August 2020 Page No.: 89-94<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cdc0927 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"6cdc0927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1826359591\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595911\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595911\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-18263595911\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595912\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595912\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-18263595912\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595913\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595913\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-18263595913\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595914\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595914\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-18263595914\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595915\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595915\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-18263595915\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-18263595911\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595911\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-b5c2faf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b5c2faf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6995910b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6995910b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73376873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73376873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The study was carried out to investigate the benefits and challenges associated with the practices of agroforstry farming in Igabi Local government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Multi- stage in combination with purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select sixty farmers from the study area. Data for the study was obtained through the use of structured questionnaire that were administered to the farmers supported with oral interview of farmers by the researchers. The data collected was subjected to analysis using descriptive stastistics. The results obtained from the study revealed that mal (80.00%) dominated farming activities in the study area. Majority (96.67%) of the farmers were in their active working age group of between 21 and 60 years of age with about 91.67% of the farmers having ability to read and write while 76.67% of the farmers have over 6 years of farming experience. The study also revealed that 66.67% of the farmers are involved in agroforestry practice in the study area with retention of trees on farmland been the most practiced agroforstry type (28.00%) and alley farming been the least practiced agroforestry type(5.00%). The study also revealed that Parkia biglobosa and Vitellaria paradoxa were the two tree species retained on farmlands while Eucalyptus camadulensis was the least grown tree species on farmland in the study area. Income generation (100%), food provision(91.67 %), medicinal purposes (83.33%), source of fuel wood (80%), provision of shade (75%), erosion control (53.33%), fodder for livestock (50%), source of employment (45%), provision of timbers (43.33%), improvement in soil fertility (40%), wind break(38.33%) were the benefits derived from practicing agroforestry by farmers in the study area. However despite of these benefits agroforestry practice is still facing challenges such as lack of farm inputs(86.67%), usage of traditional farm toolsn(80.00%), lack of credit facilities (70.00%), lack of start \u2013 up capital (66.67%), scarcity of water(63.33%), high incidence of pests and diseases (60%), lack of awareness concerning agroforestry practice by farmers (55%), problem of land tenure system (36.67%) and poor knowledge about agroforestry practice by the farmers (20,00%). The study therefore recommends that government intervention in the supplying of improved farm inputs should be given to farmers in the study area and farmers are also encourage to form cooperative society to enable them solve problems of lack of start \u2013up capital as well as lack of credit facilities so that they can actively participate in agroforestry practice to combat environmental degradation.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 89-94<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 07 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-18263595912\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595912\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-28e3f8e9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28e3f8e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47ca35af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47ca35af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36e85077 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36e85077\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ishola, B.F.<\/strong><br \/>Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ijah, A.A.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayodele, J.T.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Likita, M.S.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Awobona, T.A.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Omodona, S.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Danbaki, C.A<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yahaya, U.F<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olukotun, O.<\/strong><br \/>Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-18263595913\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595913\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a1d0c4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a1d0c4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43f5a3c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"43f5a3c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49042cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49042cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Adedayo, A.G and Oluronke, S. (2014).Farmers\u2019 perception and adoption of agroforestry p ractices in Osun State, Nigeria. Forest Research, 3: 127. doi:10.4172\/2168-9776.1000127<br \/>[2]. Akinbile, L.A., Salimonu ,K.K and Yekinni, O.T (2017). Farmers Participation in Agroforestry Practices in Ondo State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 2: 229-232<br \/>[3]. Akinwalere, B. O (2017). Determinants of adoption of agroforestry practices among farmers in Southwest Nigeria. Applied Tropical Agriculture, 22(2): 67-72.<br \/>[4]. Amusa, T.A. and Simonyan J. B (2018).. Discrete choice model of farmers\u2019 willingness-to-engage in agroforestry-based farming in Southwest, Nigeria. American Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 1(2): 41-49<br \/>[5]. FAO, (2013). Advancing Agroforestry on the Policy Agenda. Agroforestry: Strategy and Policy. Agroforestry working paper No.I, Rome pp.1-10.<br \/>[6]. Ibrahim, A. O., Adedeji, A. S. and Meduna, P. N (2019). Constraints Facing Agroforestry Practices among Farmers in New Bussa, Nigeria.Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife &amp; Environment , 11(3): 133 &#8211; 141.<br \/>[7]. Leakey, R.R.B (2017). Definition of agroforestry revisited. In: Multifunctional agriculture \u2013 Achieving sustainable development in Africa, RRB Leakey, 5-6, Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.<br \/>[8]. Mustapha, R.I. and Jimoh, S.O (2012). Farmers\u2019 Preferences for Tree Species on Agroforestry System In Ijebu North Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal o f Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences (JOAFSS), 10 (2): 176 \u2013 187.<br \/>[9]. National Population Commission (NPC)(2006).. Provisional figures for 2006 Nigeria\u2019s census. National Population Commission. Retrieved June16, 2020. Available on http:\/\/www.nigerianmuse.com.<br \/>[10]. Ogunkalu1, O. A., Sodimu, A. I., Sulaiman, R. A. and Adedire, O. O. (2017). Survey of benefits and constraints of urban trees in Kaduna Metropolis. Word News of Natural Sciences, 11: 19 \u2013 27. Available online at www. worldnewsnaturalsciences.com<br \/>[11]. United States Agency for International Development (USAID).(2010). ICT to Enhance Farm Extension Services in Africa. FACET Briefing Paper, Washington DC. 35pp.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-18263595914\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595914\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-58fd952a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"58fd952a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1281d57b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1281d57b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-547cdd07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"547cdd07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ishola, B.F., Ijah, A.A., Ayodele, J.T., Likita, M.S., Awobona, T.A., Omodona, S., Danbaki, C.A, Yahaya, U.F and Olukotun, O. &#8220;Benefits and Challenges of Agroforestry Practices in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.89-94 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/89-94.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-18263595915\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-18263595915\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6b65a0fa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b65a0fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d2e92a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d2e92a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6df62d5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6df62d5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Benefits and Challenges of Agroforestry Practices in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/89-94.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-790571f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"790571f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e845a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e845a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6227aa8 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6227aa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/95-97.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Neuro-Signal for Non-Linearity Analysis in Human Brain\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/95-97.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tElectroencephalogram (EEG) and Neuro-Signal for Non-Linearity Analysis in Human Brain\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69edb8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69edb8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Minafa-a Thompson Douglas, Ledisi Giok Kabari August 2020 Page No.: 95-97<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d85c93a e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"d85c93a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"226871610\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716101\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716101\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2268716101\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716102\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716102\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2268716102\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716103\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716103\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2268716103\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716104\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716104\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2268716104\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716105\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716105\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2268716105\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2268716101\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716101\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-0e554b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0e554b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09b4d1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09b4d1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b97e957 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b97e957\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Neuro-reactance in human behavior has visual trait in terms of motor and sensory states such as, eye movement, lip movement, remembrance, hand clenching through signal processing technique that provides understanding of the complex inner mechanisms of the brain. In this paper, external interfaces of MATLAB incorporated API function to depict electrical activity of brain signals; by analyzing and processing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for nonlinearity tendency in brain structure.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 95-97<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 07 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2268716102\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716102\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-96cbc24 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96cbc24\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec99598 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ec99598\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d463c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d463c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Minafa-a Thompson Douglas<\/strong><br \/>Post Graduate (Ph.D), Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, West Africa.<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ledisi Giok Kabari<\/strong><br \/>Post Graduate (Ph.D), Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, West Africa.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2268716103\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716103\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8518b44 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8518b44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f55ab2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f55ab2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b03594d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b03594d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Antara, B., Bawane, N.G, Nirkhi, M.S. (2011). \u201cBrain computer interface using EEG signals\u201d, IEEE, 2.<br \/>[2]. Charles, D., Creusere, J.K, Srikanth, R.S, Philip, D., Joe, H. (2012). \u201dAssessment of subjective audio quality from EEG brain responses using time space analysis\u201d, IEEE, 2704.<br \/>[3]. Esteve, G.J, Mohamed, E., Francois, V, Jordi, S.C, Andrezej, C., \u2026, Justin, D. (2012). \u201dDiagnosis of alzeheimer\u2019s disease from eeg by means of synchrony measures in optimized frequency bands\u201d, IEEE, 56-67.<br \/>[4]. Ida, M.V, Caminiti, F.F, Alessandro, F., Raffaele, M. (2010). \u201dStrategies for brain sources and tissues properties identification from eeg\/meg and eit signals\u201d IEEE, 978.<br \/>[5]. Kostas, M., Vasiliki, I., Giorgos, A.G, Konstantina, S.N and Michalis, Z. (2011). \u201dCharacterization of evoked and induced activity in eeg and assessment of intertrail variability\u201d, IEEE, 78.<br \/>[6]. Wallace, E, Ruedade, L, Reilly, R.B, Doherty, C.P., (2012). \u201cThe limitations of neuroimaging \u2013 a possible role for quantitative Electroencephalography\u201d. Proceedings of the Irish Neurological Association, 61.<br \/>[7]. Padierna, O.A, Sosa, Y., Quijano, M.D, and Chong, J.E( 2011). \u201cDevelopment of an EEG signal processing program based on EEGLAB\u201d, IEEE, 199.<br \/>[8]. Leif, S. and Pablo, L. (2018). Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signal Processing and Interference Removal for Clinical Extraction. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.scholar.google.com.<br \/>[9]. Nolan, H., Whelan, R., Reilly, R.B., B\u00fclthoff, Butler, J. (2009). \u201cAcquisition of Human EEG Data during linear Self-Motion on a Stewart Platform\u201d, IEEE research, 23-43.<br \/>[10]. Singh, M. and Priya (2015). MATLAB based ECG Signal Noise Removal and Its Analysis. Proceedings of IEEE conference. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.researchgate.com on 11th July, 2020.<br \/>[11]. Sayadi O, Shamsollahi MB, (2008). ECG denoising and compression using a modified extended structure, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng,55:2240.<br \/>[12]. Zhang W, Ma T, Ge L, (2008). Enhancement of ECG signals by multire solution sub band filte. Second International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 21\u201326.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Antara, B., Bawane, N.G, Nirkhi, M.S. (2011). \u201cBrain computer interface using EEG signals\u201d, IEEE, 2.<br \/>[2]. Charles, D., Creusere, J.K, Srikanth, R.S, Philip, D., Joe, H. (2012). \u201dAssessment of subjective audio quality from EEG brain responses using time space analysis\u201d, IEEE, 2704.<br \/>[3]. Esteve, G.J, Mohamed, E., Francois, V, Jordi, S.C, Andrezej, C., \u2026, Justin, D. (2012). \u201dDiagnosis of alzeheimer\u2019s disease from eeg by means of synchrony measures in optimized frequency bands\u201d, IEEE, 56-67.<br \/>[4]. Ida, M.V, Caminiti, F.F, Alessandro, F., Raffaele, M. (2010). \u201dStrategies for brain sources and tissues properties identification from eeg\/meg and eit signals\u201d IEEE, 978.<br \/>[5]. Kostas, M., Vasiliki, I., Giorgos, A.G, Konstantina, S.N and Michalis, Z. (2011). \u201dCharacterization of evoked and induced activity in eeg and assessment of intertrail variability\u201d, IEEE, 78.<br \/>[6]. Wallace, E, Ruedade, L, Reilly, R.B, Doherty, C.P., (2012). \u201cThe limitations of neuroimaging \u2013 a possible role for quantitative Electroencephalography\u201d. Proceedings of the Irish Neurological Association, 61.<br \/>[7]. Padierna, O.A, Sosa, Y., Quijano, M.D, and Chong, J.E( 2011). \u201cDevelopment of an EEG signal processing program based on EEGLAB\u201d, IEEE, 199.<br \/>[8]. Leif, S. and Pablo, L. (2018). Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signal Processing and Interference Removal for Clinical Extraction. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.scholar.google.com.<br \/>[9]. Nolan, H., Whelan, R., Reilly, R.B., B\u00fclthoff, Butler, J. (2009). \u201cAcquisition of Human EEG Data during linear Self-Motion on a Stewart Platform\u201d, IEEE research, 23-43.<br \/>[10]. Singh, M. and Priya (2015). MATLAB based ECG Signal Noise Removal and Its Analysis. Proceedings of IEEE conference. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.researchgate.com on 11th July, 2020.<br \/>[11]. Sayadi O, Shamsollahi MB, (2008). ECG denoising and compression using a modified extended structure, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng,55:2240.<br \/>[12]. Zhang W, Ma T, Ge L, (2008). Enhancement of ECG signals by multire solution sub band filte. Second International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 21\u201326.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Antara, B., Bawane, N.G, Nirkhi, M.S. (2011). \u201cBrain computer interface using EEG signals\u201d, IEEE, 2.<br \/>[2]. Charles, D., Creusere, J.K, Srikanth, R.S, Philip, D., Joe, H. (2012). \u201dAssessment of subjective audio quality from EEG brain responses using time space analysis\u201d, IEEE, 2704.<br \/>[3]. Esteve, G.J, Mohamed, E., Francois, V, Jordi, S.C, Andrezej, C., \u2026, Justin, D. (2012). \u201dDiagnosis of alzeheimer\u2019s disease from eeg by means of synchrony measures in optimized frequency bands\u201d, IEEE, 56-67.<br \/>[4]. Ida, M.V, Caminiti, F.F, Alessandro, F., Raffaele, M. (2010). \u201dStrategies for brain sources and tissues properties identification from eeg\/meg and eit signals\u201d IEEE, 978.<br \/>[5]. Kostas, M., Vasiliki, I., Giorgos, A.G, Konstantina, S.N and Michalis, Z. (2011). \u201dCharacterization of evoked and induced activity in eeg and assessment of intertrail variability\u201d, IEEE, 78.<br \/>[6]. Wallace, E, Ruedade, L, Reilly, R.B, Doherty, C.P., (2012). \u201cThe limitations of neuroimaging \u2013 a possible role for quantitative Electroencephalography\u201d. Proceedings of the Irish Neurological Association, 61.<br \/>[7]. Padierna, O.A, Sosa, Y., Quijano, M.D, and Chong, J.E( 2011). \u201cDevelopment of an EEG signal processing program based on EEGLAB\u201d, IEEE, 199.<br \/>[8]. Leif, S. and Pablo, L. (2018). Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signal Processing and Interference Removal for Clinical Extraction. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.scholar.google.com.<br \/>[9]. Nolan, H., Whelan, R., Reilly, R.B., B\u00fclthoff, Butler, J. (2009). \u201cAcquisition of Human EEG Data during linear Self-Motion on a Stewart Platform\u201d, IEEE research, 23-43.<br \/>[10]. Singh, M. and Priya (2015). MATLAB based ECG Signal Noise Removal and Its Analysis. Proceedings of IEEE conference. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.researchgate.com on 11th July, 2020.<br \/>[11]. Sayadi O, Shamsollahi MB, (2008). ECG denoising and compression using a modified extended structure, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng,55:2240.<br \/>[12]. Zhang W, Ma T, Ge L, (2008). Enhancement of ECG signals by multire solution sub band filte. Second International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 21\u201326.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2268716104\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716104\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8a4882c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8a4882c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d63137d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d63137d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6698d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6698d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Minafa-a Thompson Douglas, Ledisi Giok Kabari &#8220;Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Neuro-Signal for Non-Linearity Analysis in Human Brain&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.95-97 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/95-97.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2268716105\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2268716105\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-cf0d97f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cf0d97f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aed5dd0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aed5dd0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43c0ea4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43c0ea4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Neuro-Signal for Non-Linearity Analysis in Human Brain\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/95-97.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a0c25f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8a0c25f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe21596 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe21596\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18846ed elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"18846ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/98-103.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Failed Initial Quality Control Testing of Procured Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Lagos State, Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/98-103.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFailed Initial Quality Control Testing of Procured Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Lagos State, Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-150c39e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"150c39e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Okangba, C.C., Seriki, T. A., Francis, K. M., Adepoju, O. D., Obianozie, C. C., Oguagha, O. L., Thompson E.T., Engime, E., Okangba, K.K., Oyibo, W.A. August 2020 Page No.: 98-103<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32abfc7 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"32abfc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"53133255\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-531332551\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-531332551\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-531332551\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-531332552\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-531332552\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-531332552\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-531332553\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-531332553\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-531332553\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-531332554\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-531332554\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-531332554\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-531332555\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-531332555\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-531332555\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-531332551\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-531332551\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-48dee8d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48dee8d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd9f058 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd9f058\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc0a925 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc0a925\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Deployment of sound diagnostic tests remains a crucial component of malaria management, prevention and control in Africa. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) address the need for accurate diagnosis of malaria particularly in resource limited settings. Misdiagnosis which remains too frequent resulting in antimalarial treatment (Oladosu and Oyibo, 2013). Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (MRDTs) have the potential of significantly improving the diagnosis of malaria in developing countries, especially where there is no adequate microscopy service for the diagnosis of malaria or act as a back-up to microscopy for inexperience personnel. However, the absolute reliance of these tests remains a problem due to uncertainty of the quality of the test and lack of confidence since there is no regulation and lack of proper quality control measures on ground (Okangba, 2019a). There are different commercially available MRDTs in the market these include SD Bioline<sup>R<\/sup>, which detects the antibodies of\u00a0<em>Plasmodium falciparum<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>Plasmodium vivax<\/em>\u00a0using recombinant antigen of merozoite surface protein (MSP), Global Device<sup>R<\/sup>, Paracheck\u00a0<em>Pf<\/em><sup>R<\/sup>\u00a0and Wondfo Biotech<sup>R<\/sup>\u00a0detects Pf histidine-rich proteind (HRP2) and CTK Biotech<sup>R<\/sup>\u00a0detects parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) in all the species of\u00a0<em>Plasmodium<\/em>\u00a0<em>spp<\/em>. The quality assessment and heat stability of five commercially procured RDTs (SD Bioline<sup>R<\/sup>, Global device<sup>R<\/sup>, Paracheck<sup>R<\/sup>, Wondfo Biotech<sup>R<\/sup>\u00a0and CTK Biotech<sup>R<\/sup>). The Quality Assurance (QA) was carried by using prepared Quality Control (QC)\u00a0 samples at different parasitaemia dilutions. The MRDTs failed the initial quality control testing (QC), since none had up to 100% positive as recommended by WHO. SD Bioline<sup>R<\/sup>\u00a0had percentage positive of 83.3% while Global device<sup>R<\/sup>, Paracheck<sup>R<\/sup>, Wondfo<sup>R<\/sup>, and CTK Biotech<sup>R<\/sup>\u00a0had percentage positive of 33.3%, 16.7%, 33.3% and 8.3% respectively. For heat stability testing, the RDTs were stored at different temperatures for 50days: Global device<sup>R<\/sup>, CTK biotech<sup>R<\/sup>\u00a0and Wondfo<sup>R<\/sup>\u00a0were kept at 40<sup>0<\/sup>C, and 45<sup>0<\/sup>C, Paracheck<sup>R<\/sup>\u00a0at 45<sup>0<\/sup>C and 50<sup>0<\/sup>C, while SD Bioline<sup>R<\/sup>\u00a0was kept at 40<sup>0<\/sup>C. They all showed a substantial fall in percentage test line positivity. All the MRDTs gave a 0% positivity expect for SD Bioline, which gave percentage positive of 25% at 40<sup>0<\/sup>C temperatures respectively. The marked decline in the performance of the MRDTs can be adversely affected by the high temperatures to which they were exposed to in a tropical country, manufacturer\u2019s defects, poor storage facility, mishandling in the course of transportation and use of sub- standard materials in production .There is need for proper regulatory body to regulate the manufacturing and importation of RDTs against any unwholesome practice. Also, there is need to consider the importance of stability of diagnostic test during procurement.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 98-103<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 11 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-531332552\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-531332552\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-037694c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"037694c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-047387b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"047387b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b09fc16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b09fc16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okangba, C.C.<\/strong><br \/>ANDI Center of Excellence for Malaria Diagnosis\/WHO-FIND Malaria Specimen Collection Site, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria<br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Benjamin Carson (Snr) School of Medicine, Babcock University. Illisan \u2013Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Seriki, T. A.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Francis, K. M.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adepoju, O. D.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obianozie, C. C.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oguagha, O. L.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Thompson E.T.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology, Jos University Teaching Hospitals, Plateau State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Engime, E.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Benjamin Carson (Snr) School of Medicine, Babcock University. Illisan \u2013Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okangba, K.K.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oyibo, W.A.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria<br \/>Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Benjamin Carson (Snr) School of Medicine, Babcock University. Illisan \u2013Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-531332553\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-531332553\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-03887b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"03887b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a403382 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a403382\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dae760f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dae760f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Baker, J., McCarthy, J., Gatton, M., Kyle, D. 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Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38: 1184-1186<br \/>[5] Jelinek, T., Grobusch, M.P., Schwenke, S., Steidl, F., von Sonnenburg, H.D., Nothdurft, E., Klein, L.T. (1999). Sensitivity and specificity of dipstick test for rapid diagnosis of malaria in non-immune travelers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 37 (3):p. 721-3<br \/>[6] Jorgenson, P., Chantap, L., Rebueno, A., Tsuyuoka, R., Bell, D. (2006) Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in tropical climates: the need for cool chain. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 74: 750-754<br \/>[7] Mankhambo, L. M., Kanjala, S., Rudman, V.M., Lema, V.M., Rogerson, S.J. (2002). Evaluation of the OptiMAL, rapid antigen test and species-specific PCR to detect placental Plasmodium falciparum infection at delivery. J.Clin. Microbiol 40 (1) p 155-8<br \/>[8] Moody Anthony (2002). Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasite. Clinical Microbiology Review 15(1): 66-78<br \/>[9] Murray, C. K., Robert, A. Gasser, Jr., Alan, J. Magil, and R. Scott Miller (2008). Update on Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Malaria Microbiology Reviews P. 97-110<br \/>[10] Okangba, C. Chika Charles J. Elikwua,, Emmanuel O Shobowalea, Opeoluwa Shonekan, Victor Nwadike, Babatunde Tayoa, Azubuike C. Omeonua, Bibitayo Faluyia, Chiamaka Meremikwua, Oyindamola Faladea, Demilade Osobaa, Tolulope Binuyo,<br \/>[11] Akinboboye Olutosin (2016). Histidine rich protein 2 performance in determining the prevalence of Malaria among patients presenting with clinical symptoms of Malaria. Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 5(1) 339-350<br \/>[12] Okangba, Chika Celen, (2019a). Importance of quality assurance testing of malaria rapid diagnostic test in the case management of malaria Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 8(5) 858-875<br \/>[13] Okangba, C. C, (2019b). Evaluating the Performance of Locally Purchased Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test in the Laboratory, Using Highly Characterized Quality Control Samples. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | Volume IV, Issue V, |ISSN 2454-6194<br \/>[14] Oladosu, O. O. and Oyibo, W. A. (2013). Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of malaria in children that presented with fever in Lagos, Nigeria. ISRN Infectious Diseases 914675, 6.<br \/>[15] Reyburn H , Hilda M, Rose M, Ombeni M, Raimos O, Chris D and Christopher J. M. Whitty (2007). Rapid diagnostic tests compared with malaria microscopy for guiding outpatient treatment of febrile illness in Tanzania randomized trial. BMJ. 334-40<br \/>[16] Sani, U.M., Jiya, N.M. and Ahmed, H. (2013). Evaluation of malaria rapid diagnostic test among febrile children in Sokoto, Nigeria. International Journal of Medical Science ISSN 2167, 3(5), 434-440<br \/>[17] Tekola E, Teshome G Jeremiah N, Patricia M. G, Estifanos B. S, Yshewame brat E, Berhat G, Gedeon Y, Tesfaye T, Ayenew M, Mulat Z, Asrat G, Aryc W. M, Paul M. E., Frank O. R (2008). Evaluation of light microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of malaria under operational field conditions: a household survey in Ethiopia Malaria Journal 7: 118<br \/>[18] WHO (1999). New Perspectives: Malaria Diagnosis. Report of a joint WHO\/USAID informal consultation 25-27 October 1999. 2000, World Health Organization: Geneva.<br \/>[19] WHO (2003). Malaria Rapid Diagnosis: Making it Work. Meeting report 20-23 January 2003. Manila, World Health Organization.<br \/>[20] World Health Organization (2004). Rapid Diagnostic Tests for malaria: Methods Manual for Laboratory Quality Control Testing. Version 2. World Health Organization, Manila<br \/>[21] World Health Organization (2005). Interim notes on selection of types of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in relation to the occurrence of different parasite species. Regional office for Africa and Western Pacific<br \/>[22] WHO (2006). Informal consultation on testing methods for malaria rapid diagnostic tests, Geneva, Switzerland, 28 February \u2013 2 March 2006. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, &amp; Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR).<br \/>[23] World Health Organization (2008). Methods manual for laboratory Quality Control Testing of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests. UNICEF\/UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO. Special Programme for research and training in tropical disease (TDR). Foundation for Innovative Diagnosis (FIND) 1216 Geneva, Switzerland<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-531332554\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-531332554\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4f27846 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f27846\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c0097f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c0097f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75d14ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75d14ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Okangba, C.C., Seriki, T. A., Francis, K. M., Adepoju, O. D., Obianozie, C. C., Oguagha, O. L., Thompson E.T., Engime, E., Okangba, K.K., Oyibo, W.A. &#8220;Failed Initial Quality Control Testing of Procured Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Lagos State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.98-103 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/98-103.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-531332555\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-531332555\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-ee8e63e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee8e63e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e27e18 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e27e18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2bd18c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2bd18c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Failed Initial Quality Control Testing of Procured Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Lagos State, Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/98-103.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90740f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"90740f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0db061e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0db061e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac47486 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"ac47486\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/104-110.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Awareness Level of Hepatitis B and C among Undergraduate Students of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (Atbu), Bauchi\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/104-110.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAwareness Level of Hepatitis B and C among Undergraduate Students of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (Atbu), Bauchi\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81bade4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81bade4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Obed Tiwah John, Abdulmumeen Adekunle Issa, Yakubu Nasiru and Ogbuagada Samson Ozulonye August 2020 Page No.: 104-110<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89c3eb4 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"89c3eb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"144457396\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573961\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573961\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1444573961\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573962\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573962\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1444573962\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573963\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573963\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1444573963\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573964\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573964\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1444573964\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573965\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573965\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1444573965\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1444573961\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573961\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-a31f855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a31f855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-202d821 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"202d821\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d080f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d080f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Liver is one of the integral organs in human body. Hepatitis B and C are ranked high amongst killer diseases in the world and Nigeria is said to have large number of people unknowingly living with these viruses. One of the outstanding factors is the poor knowledge of hepatitis B and C amongst the general population including students. This study aimed at assessing knowledge of undergraduate students of ATBU, Bauchi regarding viral hepatitis B and C. This was a questionnaire-based study conducted among students in ATBU, Bauchi using pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. A total of 387 students were enlisted in the study. The tools used for data analysis were frequency distribution, Chi-square tests and odd ratio. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25, R and Microsoft excel 2016 were used for data analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. It was observed that 86.8% ATBU students have good knowledge of viral Hepatitis B and C sadly, 51 students representing 13.2% have never heard about viral hepatitis. It was also discovered that their knowledge about hepatitis B and C do not depend on the demographic variables, considered in the study. 54.5% students did not know their hepatitis B and C status. 69.8% students have inadequate knowledge about the modes of spreads of viral hepatitis B and C. Findings from this study revealed that ATBU students demonstrated high level of awareness of HBV and HCV infections. Thus, 54.5% participants did not know their status. Students who are well informed about hepatitis B and C were 2 times more likely to know their hepatitis B and C status compared to those with poor or no knowledge. And that, majority of ATBU students have inadequate knowledge about modes of spread of the viruses hence, an urgent need for action.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 104-110<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 10 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1444573962\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573962\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-52164cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"52164cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc3ca52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cc3ca52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-607193f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"607193f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obed Tiwah John<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdulmumeen Adekunle Issa<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yakubu Nasiru<\/strong><br \/>Department of Statistics &amp; Operations Research, MAUTECH, Yola, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbuagada Samson Ozulonye<\/strong><br \/>Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1444573963\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573963\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-44c297d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"44c297d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2ad9fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2ad9fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c8f81f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c8f81f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. 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View at: Publisher Site Google Scholar.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1444573964\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573964\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8cf3b8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8cf3b8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25f68b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25f68b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a2e144 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a2e144\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Obed Tiwah John, Abdulmumeen Adekunle Issa, Yakubu Nasiru and Ogbuagada Samson Ozulonye &#8220;Awareness Level of Hepatitis B and C among Undergraduate Students of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (Atbu), Bauchi&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.104-110 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/104-110.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1444573965\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1444573965\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-f88db0a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f88db0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d52fc14 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d52fc14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-491dbac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"491dbac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\" Awareness Level of Hepatitis B and C among Undergraduate Students of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (Atbu), Bauchi\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/104-110.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c23fd38 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c23fd38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fb85a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2fb85a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1922e08 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1922e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/111-116.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"On the Semi-Implicit Iterative Scheme for a General Class of Map\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/111-116.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOn the Semi-Implicit Iterative Scheme for a General Class of Map\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2213759 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2213759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Alfred Olufemi Bosede, Adegoke Stephen Olaniyan, Omolara Fatimah Bakre August 2020 Page No.: 111-116<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3eae46 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"d3eae46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"222211654\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116541\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116541\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2222116541\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116542\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116542\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2222116542\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116543\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116543\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2222116543\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116544\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116544\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2222116544\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116545\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116545\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2222116545\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2222116541\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116541\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-41a9416 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41a9416\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bda60a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bda60a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b11ff8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b11ff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Our aim in this paper is to consider a different type of implicit iteration scheme called Semi-Implicit iteration (SII) scheme and study its strong convergence as well as the stability for a general class of maps in a normed linear space. We establish the rate of convergence and present numerical example which validate that the SII iterative scheme converges better than implicit Mann, implicit Ishikawa iteration and implicit S-iteration schemes.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 111-116<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 14 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2222116542\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116542\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-dfc744b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dfc744b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4128014 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4128014\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1180171 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1180171\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alfred Olufemi Bosede<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematics, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adegoke Stephen Olaniyan<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematics, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adegoke Stephen Olaniyan<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematics&amp; Statistics, Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2222116543\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116543\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5da2e81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5da2e81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dab3cf2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dab3cf2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c237f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c237f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] O. Bosede, Strong Convergence of Noor Iteration for a General Class of Functions. Bulletin of Mathematical Analysis and Applications.2011; Vol. (2011):140\u2212 145.<br \/>[2] O. Bosede and B. E. Rhoades, Stability of Picard and Mann Iteration for a General Class of Functions. Journal of Advanced Mathematical Studies. 2010; 3 (2): 1 \u2212 3.<br \/>[3] O. Bosede, Some Common Fixed Point Theorems in Normed Linear Spaces. Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc. Fac. rer. nat., Mathematica. 2010; 49(1): 17 \u2212 24.<br \/>[4] O. Bosede, H. Akewe, O. F. Bakre and A. S. Wusu, On the Equivalence of Implicit Kirktype Fixed Point Iteration Schemes for a General Class of Maps. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2019, 7, 123-137.<br \/>[5] E. Rhoades, Fixed Point Theorems and Stability Results for Fixed Point Iteration Procedures. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 691703; 1993.<br \/>[6] E. Chidume and J. O. Olaleru, Picard Iteration Process for a General Class of Contractive Mappings. Journal of Nigerian MathematicalSociety, Vol.33, (2014).pages19\u201323.<br \/>[7] F. Gursoy, V. Karakaya and B. E. Rhoades, Data Dependence Results of New Multi-Step and S-iterative Schemes for Contractive- like Operators. Fixed Point Theory and Applications, 76 (2013), 112.<br \/>[8] H. Akewe, G.A. Okeke and A. Olayiwola, Strong Convergence and Stability of Kirk-Multistep-Type Iterative Schemes for Contractive-type Operators. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 45(2014), 24 pages.<br \/>[9] H. Akewe, and J. O. Olaleru, On Convergence and Stability of Generalized Noor Iterations for a General Class of Operators. British Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science 3(3): 437\u2212 447, 2013.<br \/>[10] M. O. Olatinwo, Stability Results for Some Fixed Point Iterative Processes in Convex Metric Spaces. International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 9, pp. 103106; 2011.<br \/>[11] M. O. Olatinwo and C. O. Imoru, Some convergence results for the Jungck-Mann and the Jungck-Ishikawa iteration processes in the class of generalized Zamfirescu operators. Acta MathematicaUniversitatisComenianae, LXXVII, 2,299304, 2008.<br \/>[12] M. O. Osilike, Stability Results for Ishikawa Fixed Point Iteration Procedure. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. 1995\/96; 26(10): 937-941.<br \/>[13] P. Ky and T. Quoc, Stability and convergence of implicit iteration processes. Vietnam Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 32,No. 4, pp. 467473,2004.<br \/>[14] R. Chugh, P. Malik and V. Kumar, On a new faster implicit fixed point iterative scheme in convex metric space. J. Funct. Spaces 2015(2015), Article ID 905834, 11pages.<br \/>[15] R. Chugh, P. Malik andV. Kumar, On analytical and numerical study of implicit fixed point iterations. Cogent Mathematics (2015), 2:1021623.<br \/>[16] R. Chugh and V. Kumar, Convergence of SP Iterative Scheme with Mixed Errors for Accretive Lipschitzian and Strongly Accretive Lipschitzian Operators in Banach Spaces. International Journal of Computer Mathematics, Vol. 90, no. 9, pp.18651880, 2013.<br \/>[17] S.M. Soltuz, The Equivalence of Picard, Mann and Ishikawa Iterations Dealing with Quasi-Contractive Operators. Math. Commun., 10(2005), 81-88.<br \/>[18] T. Zamfirescu, Fixed Point Theorems in Metric Space. Arch. Math. (Basel), 23, 292-298 (1972).<br \/>[19] V. Berinde, Picard Iteration Converges Faster Than Mann Iteration for a Class of Quasi-Contractive Operators. Fixed Point Theory and Applications, no. 2, pp.94105, 2004.<br \/>[20] Y. Isa, On the Rate of Convergence of Different Implicit Iteration in Convex Metric Space. Konuralp Journal of Mathematics.2018.<br \/>[21] Y. Isa and A. Mujahid, Convergence Rate of Implicit Iteration Process and a Data Dependence Result. European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics.2017.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2222116544\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116544\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-43d8e52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"43d8e52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cd0b0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2cd0b0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c7f1fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c7f1fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Alfred Olufemi Bosede, Adegoke Stephen Olaniyan, Omolara Fatimah Bakre &#8220;On the Semi-Implicit Iterative Scheme for a General Class of Map&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.111-116 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/111-116.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2222116545\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2222116545\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-34ad712 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"34ad712\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48b94de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48b94de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ed56e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ed56e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"On the Semi-Implicit Iterative Scheme for a General Class of Map\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/111-116.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dc2e43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1dc2e43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46f8e53 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46f8e53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5595f81 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"5595f81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/117-122.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Temperature Dependent Elastic Constants (TDECs) and Thermodynamic Properties of B19 TiZr; Shape Memory Alloy (SMAs)\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/117-122.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTemperature Dependent Elastic Constants (TDECs) and Thermodynamic Properties of B19 TiZr; Shape Memory Alloy (SMAs)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d73d4f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d73d4f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Job W. Wafula, George S. Manyali, John W. Makokha August 2020 Page No.: 117-122<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41d66d8 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"41d66d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"69035736\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690357361\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-690357361\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690357361\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690357362\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-690357362\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690357362\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690357363\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-690357363\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690357363\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690357364\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-690357364\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690357364\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690357365\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-690357365\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690357365\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690357361\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690357361\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-b135fe4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b135fe4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a3a3d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a3a3d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53a5911 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53a5911\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>We report temperature dependent elastic constants (TDECs) and thermodynamic properties of B19 TiZr Shape Memory Alloy (SMAs) computed by Quasi-static approximations (QSA) as implemented in thermo_pw code. B19 TiZr is mechanically and dynamically stable at zero pressure with lattice parameter of 3.110 \u00c5 and 1.578 for a and the ratio a\/c respectively. The first-principles calculations were performed within quantum ESPRESSO code.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 117-122<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 14 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690357362\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690357362\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9d35894 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9d35894\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b7124d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b7124d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-154e8d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"154e8d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Job W. Wafula<\/strong><br \/>Department of Science, Technology and Engineering, Kibabii University, 1699-50200, Bungoma, Kenya,<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>George S. Manyali<\/strong><br \/>Computational and Theoretical Physics (CTheP), Department of Physical Sciences, Kaimosi Friends University College, 385-50309, Kaimosi, Kenya<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>John W. Makokha<\/strong><br \/>Department of Science, Technology and Engineering, Kibabii University, 1699-50200, Bungoma, Kenya<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690357363\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690357363\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-893acd4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"893acd4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-473a5bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"473a5bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-903fe6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"903fe6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Otsuka, K., &amp; Ren, X. (1999). Recent developments in the research of shape memory alloys. Intermetallics, 7(5), 511-528.<br \/>[2] Rastogi, R., &amp; Pawar, S. J. (2019). A computational study of shape memory effect and pseudoelasticity of NiTi alloy under uniaxial tension during complete and partial phase transformation. Materials Research Express, 6(5), 055702.<br \/>[3] Jani, J. M., Leary, M., Subic, A., &amp; Gibson, M. A. (2014). A review of shape memory alloy research, applications and opportunities. Materials &amp; Design (1980-2015), 56, 1078-1113.<br \/>[4] Chang, W. S., &amp; Araki, Y. (2016, February). Use of shape-memory alloys in construction: a critical review. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering (Vol. 169, No. 2, pp. 87-95). Thomas Telford Ltd.<br \/>[5] Baloyi, M. E., Modiba, R., Chauke, H. R., &amp; Ngoepe, P. E. (2018). Computational study of binary titanium-based potential shape memory alloys. MS&amp;E, 430(1), 012020.<br \/>[6] Kulkarni, M., Mazare, A., Schmuki, P., &amp; Igli\u010d, A. (2014). Biomaterial surface modification of titanium and titanium alloys for medical applications. Nanomedicine, 111, 111.<br \/>[7] Baker, H. (1992). Introduction to alloy phase diagrams. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1992. 1. 1.<br \/>[8] Li, Y., Cui, Y., Zhang, F., &amp; Xu, H. (2011). Shape memory behavior in Ti\u2013Zr alloys. Scripta Materialia, 64(6), 584-587.<br \/>[9] Wang, Y., Wang, J. J., Zhang, H., Manga, V. R., Shang, S. L., Chen, L. Q., &amp; Liu, Z. K. (2010). A first-principles approach to finite temperature elastic constants. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 22(22), 225404.<br \/>[10] Giannozzi, P., Baroni, S., Bonini, N., Calandra, M., Car, R., Cavazzoni, C., Ceresoli, D., Chiarotti, G., Cococcioni, G., Dabo, I., et al., (2017). Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 29, 465901.<br \/>[11] Destefanis, M., Ravoux, C., Cossard, A., &amp; Erba, A. (2019). Thermo-elasticity of materials from quasi-harmonic calculations. Minerals, 9(1), 16.<br \/>[12] Wang, Y., &amp; Li, L. (2000). Mean-field potential approach to thermodynamic properties of metal: Al as a prototype. Physical Review B, 62(1), 196.<br \/>[13] Davies, G. F. (1974). Effective elastic moduli under hydrostatic stress\u2014I. quasi-harmonic theory. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 35(11), 1513-1520.<br \/>[14] G\u00fclseren, O., &amp; Cohen, R. E. (2002). High-pressure thermoelasticity of body-centered-cubic tantalum. Physical Review B, 65(6), 064103.<br \/>[15] Perdew, J. P., Burke, K., &amp; Ernzerhof, M. (1996). Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Physical review letters, 77(18), 3865.<br \/>[16] Murnaghan, F. D. (1944). The compressibility of media under extreme pressures. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America, 30(9), 244.<br \/>[17] Bashkin, I. O., Fedotov, V. K., Nefedova, M. V., Tissen, V. G., Ponyatovsky, E. G., Schiwek, A., &amp; Holzapfel, W. B. (2003). Crystal structure and superconductivity of TiZr up to 57 GPa. Physical Review B, 68(5), 054401.<br \/>[18] Zhang, C. B., Li, W. D., Zhang, P., &amp; Wang, B. T. (2020). Phase transition, elasticity, phonon spectra, and superconductive properties of equiatomic TiZr, TiHf, and ZrHf alloys at high pressure: Ab initio calculations. Computational Materials Science, 178, 109637.<br \/>[19] Ikehata, H., Nagasako, N., Furuta, T., Fukumoto, A., Miwa, K., &amp; Saito, T. (2004). First-principles calculations for development of low elastic modulus Ti alloys. Physical Review B, 70(17), 174113.<br \/>[20] Malica, C., &amp; Dal Corso, A. (2020). Temperature dependent elastic constants and thermodynamic properties of BAs: An ab initio investigation. Journal of Applied Physics, 127(24), 245103.<br \/>[21] Mebtouche, H., Baraka, O., Yakoubi, A., Khenata, R., Tahir, S. A., Ahmed, R., &#8230; &amp; Wang, X. (2020). First-principles calculations of the structural, electronic, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of MAX Phase Mon+ 1GeCn (n= 1, 2, and 3) compounds. Materials Today Communications, 101420.<br \/>[22] Petit, A. T., &amp; Dulong, P. L. (1819). Study on the measurement of specific heat of solids. Ann. Chim. Phys, 10, 395-413.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690357364\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690357364\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-03cec3a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"03cec3a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42618da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"42618da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bc2985 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bc2985\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Job W. Wafula, George S. Manyali, John W. Makokha &#8220;Temperature Dependent Elastic Constants (TDECs) and Thermodynamic Properties of B19 TiZr; Shape Memory Alloy (SMAs)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.117-122 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/117-122.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690357365\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690357365\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-480ecac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"480ecac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f92ebfb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f92ebfb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aa37b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2aa37b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Temperature Dependent Elastic Constants (TDECs) and Thermodynamic Properties of B19 TiZr; Shape Memory Alloy (SMAs)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/117-122.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5afaaae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5afaaae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6337a38 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6337a38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f2c1a2 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"2f2c1a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/123-128.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"The Influence of Organizational Culture and Human Resources to Onwards Customer Satisfaction of Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara (KPPN) Sibolga\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/123-128.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Influence of Organizational Culture and Human Resources to Onwards Customer Satisfaction of Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara (KPPN) Sibolga\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84a60f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84a60f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jus Samuel Sihotang August 2020 Page No.: 123-128<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad64c80 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"ad64c80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"181816448\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164481\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164481\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1818164481\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164482\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164482\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1818164482\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164483\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164483\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1818164483\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164484\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164484\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1818164484\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164485\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164485\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1818164485\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1818164481\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164481\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-e573079 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e573079\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d333e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d333e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-021a611 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"021a611\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara (KPPN) is the initial gate of services from the finance ministry in Indonesia. To realize good public services, the KPPN is the spearhead of service to customers at the regional level. Therefore customer satisfaction is very dependent on the quality of service at KPPN. This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture and human resources on customer satisfaction in service at KPPN Sibolga City. This study used an online survey method with an explanatory approach. The population of this study is the employees or staff in the work unit in the Sibolga KPPN area, the sample of this study was 56 respondents determined using the Slovin formula. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression test. The results showed that organizational culture p = 0.001 (p &lt;0.05), and human resources p = 0, 002 (p &lt;0.05) affect customer satisfaction in KPPN Sibolga City. Organization Culture is the most influential factor on customer satisfaction in KPPN Sibolga. KPPN must maintain the organizational culture that has been built so far for customers by applying standard operating procedures that are evaluated regularly, so that the culture that is built becomes a system that can be developed and duplicated in other places.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 123-128<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 15 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1818164482\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164482\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-cab15f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cab15f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e70d48 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e70d48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed6b2b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed6b2b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jus Samuel Sihotang<\/strong><br \/>Widyaiswara of Medan Financial Education and Training Center<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1818164483\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164483\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-d829fd7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d829fd7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14f22e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14f22e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdef360 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cdef360\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Aaker, David A. 2013. Manajemen Pemasaran Strategi. Edisi kedelapan. Salemba Empat. Jakarta.<br \/>[2] Amhas, Muhammad. 2018.Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia, Kualitas Pelayanan dan Kinerja Pegawai tidak berpengaruh Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Pada Kantor Sistem Administrasi Manunggal Satu Atap (Samsat) Makassar 01 Selatan. Jurnal Mirai Management Volume 3 No.1 2018<br \/>[3] Daft, Richard L, 2010. Era Baru Manajemen, Edisi 9, Buku 2, Salemba Empat, Jakarta.<br \/>[4] Dewi Hanggraeni, Manajemen Sumber daya Manusia, (Jakarta: LPFEUI, 2012)<br \/>[5] Gunadi, Irawan, Adi, Ratnasari, Sri Langgeng., &amp; Wibisono, Chablullah. (2015). Kualitas pelayanan sebagai variabel intervening antara kompetensi pegawai dan budaya kerja terhadap kepuasan mitra di Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Badan Pengusahaan Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas dan Pelabuhan Bebas Batam. Jurnal Akuntasi, Ekonomi dan Manajemen Bisnis, Volume 3 No. 1. Hal 1-12 Batam: Politeknik Negeri Batam<br \/>[6] Karimah, Yunia, Insanatul. 2016. Analisis Kompetensi Kepemimpinan dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Melalui Perilaku Responsif (Studi pada PT Garuda Indonesia Kantor Cabang Surabaya). Business and Finance Journal, Volume 1, No. 1, March 2016<br \/>[7] Lemke, F., Clark, M., &amp; Wilsom, J. (2011). Customer experience quality: an exploration in business and consumer contexts using repertory grid technique. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science.39(12)<br \/>[8] Sedarmayanti 2012, Reformasi administrasi Publik Birokrasi dan kepemimpinan Masa Depan (Mewujudkan Pelayanan Prima dan kepemerintahan Yang baik),Refika Aditama, Bandung<br \/>[9] Siregar, Erna Dora. 2009. \u201c Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Publik (Studi tentang Pelayanan STNK di Kantor Bersama Samsat Pematang Siantar)\u201d. Skripsi. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Sumatera Utara<br \/>[10] Siwu, Priskilla Natalia , Riane J. Pio, Daud M. Liando. 2016. Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Budaya Organisasi, Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan PT. Astra Internasional, Tbk. Daihatsu Cabang Malalayang. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial &amp; Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pembangunan Edisi XXI( Maret \u2013 April 2016) Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sam Ratulangi<br \/>[11] Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&amp;D. Bandung: Afabeta<br \/>[12] Tjiptomo, Fandy. 2008. Strategi Pemasaran. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.<br \/>[13] Veithzal Rivai, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia untuk Perusahaan, (Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada, 2004<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1818164484\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164484\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-892a4ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"892a4ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-221712c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"221712c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3aa8a52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3aa8a52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jus Samuel Sihotang &#8220;The Influence of Organizational Culture and Human Resources to Onwards Customer Satisfaction of Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara (KPPN) Sibolga&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.123-128 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/123-128.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1818164485\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1818164485\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-11a4a41 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11a4a41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6c5dd9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e6c5dd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eb86f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7eb86f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"The Influence of Organizational Culture and Human Resources to Onwards Customer Satisfaction of Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara (KPPN) Sibolga\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/123-128.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240968b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"240968b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce09b33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ce09b33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eddaf2 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"7eddaf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/129-132.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Covid-19 and the Consumption of Telecom Products in Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/129-132.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCovid-19 and the Consumption of Telecom Products in Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78ca2b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78ca2b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Adegite Victor Adegoke August 2020 Page No.: 129-132<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4e187a e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"d4e187a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"223221882\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218821\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218821\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2232218821\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218822\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218822\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2232218822\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218823\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218823\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2232218823\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218824\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218824\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2232218824\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218825\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218825\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2232218825\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2232218821\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218821\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-849fe05 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"849fe05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d65ed30 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d65ed30\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-313704c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"313704c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>On January 30 2020 the World Health Organization (2020) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) a global public health emergency of international concern. This paper examines the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on consumption of telecom products in Nigeria. Secondary data from the financials of MTN Nigeria Communications Plc and telecommunication (Telecom) industry reports the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) were analyzed. From the review of available data, the author establishes that the consumption of telecom services in Nigeria increased during the period of the first quarter of 2020 which was the period which coincided with the lockdown of the economy. The paper recommends that a similar study is carried out for the period up to June 2020 to determine if the consumption pattern observed for the earlier part of the years persists.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 129-132<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 16 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2232218822\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218822\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e05cda0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e05cda0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83b11ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"83b11ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e00b5f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e00b5f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adegite Victor Adegoke<\/strong><br \/>Caleb University, Imota, Lagos, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2232218823\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218823\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-15e40ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15e40ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9061c1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9061c1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-406da27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"406da27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Agwu, G.A. (2020). Urban biased infrastructures and learning during the COVID-19 lockdown: Evidence from Nigeria. Retrieved from https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3644395<br \/>[2] Akingbade, W.A. (2014). Competitive strategies and improved performance of selected Nigeria telecommunication companies. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation.10(4) 143-169.Retrieved from https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2578700<br \/>[3] Businesswire. (2016, December 19). Global telecom market report 2017 &#8211; Research and markets. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20161219005966\/en\/Global-Telecom-Market-Report-2017&#8212;Research<br \/>[4] Handa, E &amp; Bergin, S. (2020, 18 May). The Impact of COVID-19 on telecommunications and the future. Retrieved from https:\/\/subtelforum.com\/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-telecommunications-and-the-future\/<br \/>[5] International Finance Corporation. (2020). COVID-19\u2019s impact on the global telecommunications industry. Retrieved from www.ifc.org\/TMT<br \/>[6] International Telecommunications Union. (2019). Measuring digital development &#8211; Facts and figures 2019 Retrieved from https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITUD\/Statistics\/Documents\/facts\/FactsFigures2019.pdf<br \/>[7] MTN Nigeria Communications PLC (2020) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements For the three months period ended 31 March 2020. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mtnonline.com\/<br \/>[8] MTN. (2020, 21 May ). Y\u2019ello Hope update on the utilization of MTN network contributions to support during COVID-19. Retrieved from https:\/\/mtnonline.com\/about-us\/yello-hope-update-on-the-utilisation-of-mtn-network-contributions-to-support-during-covid-19\/<br \/>[9] National Bureau of Statistics. (2020).Telecoms data: Active voice and internet per state, porting and tariff information.(Q1 2020) Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nigerianstat.gov.ng\/<br \/>[10] Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. (2020, 12 June). COVID-19 Nigeria. Retrieved from https:\/\/covid19.ncdc.gov.ng\/<br \/>[11] Nigeria Communications Commission. (2020, 12 June). Industry statistics. Retrieved from https:\/\/ncc.gov.ng\/statistics-reports\/industry-overview#view-graphs-tables-3<br \/>[12] Statista. (2020). Contribution of the telecommunications industry in Nigeria as share of GDP. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/993010\/nigeria-telecom-industry-gdp-contribution\/<br \/>[13] World Health Organisation. (2020, February 12). COVID-19 public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) global research and innovation forum. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/covid-19-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern-(pheic)-global-research-and-innovation-forum<br \/>[14] Worldometer. (2020, 9, June). COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2232218824\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218824\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-07161da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"07161da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-357276e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"357276e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7b61d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b7b61d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Adegite Victor Adegoke &#8220;Covid-19 and the Consumption of Telecom Products in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.129-132 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/129-132.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2232218825\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2232218825\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-f190c4e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f190c4e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7cc53e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7cc53e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-122bb8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"122bb8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Covid-19 and the Consumption of Telecom Products in Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/129-132.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d952dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1d952dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9bdb3d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9bdb3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-403db92 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"403db92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/133-136.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Production of Biodiesel from Groundnut Crude Oil\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/133-136.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProduction of Biodiesel from Groundnut Crude Oil\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8e28aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8e28aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Makasson R. Cland, Offong O. Aniekan, Muhammad A. Tahir, Ogbaka T. David August 2020 Page No.: 133-136<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75d853d e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"75d853d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"123569469\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694691\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694691\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1235694691\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694692\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694692\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1235694692\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694693\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694693\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1235694693\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694694\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694694\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1235694694\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694695\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694695\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1235694695\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1235694691\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694691\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-37c7933 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37c7933\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b27983 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b27983\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd98b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd98b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Groundnut oil is an organic material oil derived from groundnuts and it has been noted to have the aroma and taste of its parent legume. The study therefore produced biodiesel crude groundnut oil through alkali catalyzed transesterification using methanol, in the presence of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The physiochemical parameter of biodiesel was characterized and from the results obtained, the methyl ester produced can be effectively used in a diesel engine since the value is within the range of the required standard. Groundnuts oil has biodiesel optimum yield of 93.9% and the fuel properties of the biodiesel are close to that of petroleum diesel and hence can be used as alternative fuel.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 133-136<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 16 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1235694692\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694692\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-69d6459 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"69d6459\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aa3a7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7aa3a7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e85807 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e85807\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Makasson R. Cland<\/strong><br \/>Department of Science Laboratory Technology, College of Science and Technology. Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola. Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Offong O. Aniekan<\/strong><br \/>Department of Science Laboratory Technology, College of Science and Technology. Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola. Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad A. Tahir<\/strong><br \/>Department of Science Laboratory Technology, College of Science and Technology. Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola. Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbaka T. David<\/strong><br \/>Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1235694693\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694693\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3f4ee2d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f4ee2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f83633 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f83633\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4dff80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4dff80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. https:\/\/agronigeria.ng\/2018\/12\/31\/groundnut-farming-neglected-but-important-pt-i\/<br \/>[2]. Shay, E.G. (1993). Diesel Fuel from Vegetable Oil: Status and Opportunities, Biomass Bioenergy, 4(4): pp. 227-242.<br \/>[3]. Lang, X., Dalai, A.K., Bakhshi, N.N., Reaney, M.J. and Hertz, P.B. (2001). Preparation and Characterization of Bio-diesels from Various Bio-oils, Bioresource Technology, 80(4): pp. 53-62.<br \/>[4]. Munack, A., Krahl, J., Baum, K., Hackbarth, U., Jeberien, H.E., Schutt, C., Schroder, O., Walter, N., Bunger, J., Muller, M.M. and Weigel, A. (2001). Gaseous Compounds, Ozone Precursors, Particle Number and Particle Size Distributions, and Mutagenic Effects Due to Biodiesel, Trans. ASAE 44(3): pp. 179\u2013191.<br \/>[5]. Okamura, K. Substitute Fuels for High-Speed Diesel Engines, Journal. Fuel Soc. Japan,<br \/>19(1): pp. 691\u2013705 (1940); Chem. Abstract 35: 19647 (1941).<br \/>[6]. Okoro N. Linus, Sedoo V. Belaboh, Nwamaka R. Edoye, Bello Y. Makama (2011):<br \/>Synthesis, Calorimetric and Viscometric Study of Groundnut oil Biodiesel and Blends. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1(3).<br \/>[7]. Sanchez, O.J. and Cardona, C.A. (2008). Trends in Biotechnical Production of Ethanol Fuel from Different Feedstocks, Bioresour. Technol., 37(2): 133-140.<br \/>[8]. Saravanan, S., Nagarajan, G., Rao, G. L. N. and Sampath, S. (2007): Feasibility study of crude rice bran oil as a diesel substitute in a DI-CI engine without modifications,<br \/>Energy for Sustainable Development, 11(3): 83- 95.<br \/>[9]. Yusuf N. and Sirajo, M. (2009). An Experimental Study of Biodiesel Synthesis from Groundnut Oil, Aus. J. Applied Sci., 3: pp. 1623-1629.<br \/>[10]. Knothe, G. (2002). Analyzing Biodiesel: Standards and other Methods, Journal of the American Oil Chemist\u2019s Society, 83(10): pp. 823\u2013833.<br \/>[11]. Helwani, Z.; Othman, M. R,; Aziz, N.; Fernando, W. J. N.&amp; Kim. J.(2009). Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: A review. Fuel Processing Technology J. 90 1502-1514.<br \/>[12]. Eevera, T.; Balamurughan, P.; and Chittibabu .S. (2011). Characterization of groundnut oil based biodiesel to assess the feasibility for power generation. Energy Sources, Part A. J. 33 1354-1364.<br \/>[13]. Carraretto, C.; Macor, A. &amp; Mirandola, A. (2004). Biodiesel as alternative fuel:<br \/>Experimental analysis and energetic evaluation. Energy. J. 2195-2211.<br \/>[14]. Graboski, M.S., McCormick, R.L. (1998). Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines. Progress in Energy Combustion Science. J. 24, 125\u2013164.<br \/>[15]. Hill, P.D., (2002). Biodiesel Basics. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.biodieselgear.com\/ on August 16th, 2002. 7-10.<br \/>[16]. AOCS (1998). Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists Society. Champaign, IL<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1235694694\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694694\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-76773c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"76773c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-542e6f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"542e6f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24651c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24651c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Makasson R. Cland, Offong O. Aniekan, Muhammad A. Tahir, Ogbaka T. David &#8220;Production of Biodiesel from Groundnut Crude Oil &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.133-136 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/133-136.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1235694695\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1235694695\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b549bf8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b549bf8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ed7399 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5ed7399\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2182819 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2182819\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Production of Biodiesel from Groundnut Crude Oil \" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/133-136.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34eb13a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"34eb13a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd1c0f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd1c0f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd003e6 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"fd003e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/137-140.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Evaluation of Yield and Spoilage Moulds of Pleurotus Ostreatus Grown on Sawdust, Wood Ash and Cassava Bran\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/137-140.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEvaluation of Yield and Spoilage Moulds of Pleurotus Ostreatus Grown on Sawdust, Wood Ash and Cassava Bran\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c187f18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c187f18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Agbagwa, S. S., Chuku, E. C. &amp; Mbah, C. G. August 2020 Page No.: 137-140<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af764f2 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"af764f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"183985394\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853941\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853941\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1839853941\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853942\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853942\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1839853942\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853943\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853943\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1839853943\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853944\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853944\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1839853944\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853945\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853945\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1839853945\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1839853941\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853941\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-e582e31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e582e31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a97b3dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a97b3dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-124960b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"124960b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Evaluation of yield and spoilage moulds of Pleurotus ostreatus grown on sawdust, wood ash and cassava bran were conducted in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology and Dilomat Farms and Services Limited, Rivers State University. The three substrate materials were subjected to different concentrations and mixtures. A total of ten treatments were formulated including the control containing only sawdust and a combined effect containing all the substrate materials. Yield parameters assessed were height of fruiting body, length of stipe, width of stipe, length of pileus, diameter of pileus and weight of harvest. Sawdust and cassava bran (SCB) treatment had highest height of fruiting body (11.50\u00b11.41). Equal diameter of pileus (6.25\u00b11.06) was recorded for both combined effect (CE) and SWA treatments. However, equal values of pileus length were recorded for both CE and sawdust and wood ash (SWA) treatments. The control treatment had highest values for length of stipe, width of stipe and weight of harvest. Four fungal organisms viz: Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporium and Trichoderma harzianum were found to contaminate the experiment bags. R. oryzae and T. harzianum had equal incidence of 27%. This was followed by 24% incidence recorded for A. flavus. Lowest incidence of 22% was observed for F. oxysporium. The deteriorative activities of these isolates affected the development of higher concentration levels of sawdust and cassava bran treatments as there was no harvest recorded for these treatments due to contamination. Generally, the control treatment performed better than other treatments used.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 137-140<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 18 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1839853942\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853942\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-791e398 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"791e398\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80a0e9d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"80a0e9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7cfa69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b7cfa69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Agbagwa, S. S.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chuku, E. C.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mbah, C. G.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1839853943\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853943\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a91e9b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a91e9b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69551ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"69551ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81039e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81039e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. OECD, (2006). Section 11- Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp: In safety assessment of transgenic organisms, volume 1: OECD consensus document, OECD publishing, Paris, pp277-292.<br \/>[2]. Stamets, P., (2000). Growing gourmet and medical mushrooms, 3rd edition. Ten speed press, pp308-315.<br \/>[3]. Breitenbach, J., &amp; Kranzlin, F., (1999). Fungi of Switzerland, vol. 4. Agarics 3rd part. Mykologia.Luzern, pp394-397.<br \/>[4]. Kues, U., &amp; Liu, Y., (2000). Fruiting body production in basidiomycetes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 54: 141-152.<br \/>[5]. Kim, G. H., (2000). Genetic analysis of homokaryoptic fruting and mating systems in Pleurotus ostraetus. PhD thesis for the degree of doctor of philosophy, Korea university.<br \/>[6]. Godfrey, E. Z., Siti, M. K., &amp; Judith, Z. P., (2010). Effects of temperature and hydrogen peroxide on mycelia growth of eight Pleurotus strains. Scientia Horticulture, 125: 95-102.<br \/>[7]. Ahmed, M., Abdullah, N., &amp; Nuruddin, M. M., (2016). 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Cambridge University Press London, pp143-156.<br \/>[19]. Chuku, E. C., Agbagwa, S. S., &amp; Worlu, C., (2019). Nutrient quality and associated spoilage fungi of English pear (Pyrus communis L.). Int. J. of Agric., Env. &amp; Bioresearch, 4(6): 317-325.<br \/>[20]. Nnaji, P. T., &amp; Rao, A. P., (2017). Fungal contamination of locally processed Nigerian food (okpa): A threat 7 public health. J. of Advances in Micriol., 4(1): 1-8.<br \/>[21]. Jonathan, S. G., Nwokolo, V. M., &amp; Ekpo, E. N., (2013). Yield performance of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Freis) Quelet, cultivated on different agro-forest wastes in Nigeria. World Rural Observations, 5(1): 22-30.<br \/>[22]. Onuoha, C. I., Uchechi, U., &amp; Onuoha, B. C., (2009). Cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius (mushroom) using some agrowaste materials. Agric. J., 4(2): 109-112.<br \/>[23]. Das, N., Mishra, S., Biswas, L., &amp; Karmakar, N. C., (2015). Comparative study of five Pleurotus species in warm temperature on non-sterilized rice straw. Emirates J. of Food &amp; Agric., 27(10): 749-755.<br \/>[24]. Liasu, M. O., Adeeyo, A. O., Olaosun, O., &amp; Oyedokun, R. O., (2015). Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivation on amended palm press fibre waste. Afri. J. of Biotech., 14(19): 1624-1631.<br \/>[25]. Chukwurah, N. F., Eze, S. C., Chiejina, N. V., Onyeonagu, C. C., Ugwuoke, K. I., Ugwu, F. S. O., Nkwonta, C. G., Akobueze, E. U., Aruah, C. B., &amp; Onwuelughasi, C. U., (2012). Performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in different local agricultural waste materials. Afri. J. of Biotechnol., 11(37): 8979-8985.<br \/>[26]. Akinmusire, O. O., Omomowo, I. O., &amp; Oguntoye, S. I. K., (2011). Cultivation performance of Pleurotus pulmonarius in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigerian, using wood chippngs and rice straw waste. Adv. in Env. Biol., 5(8): 2091-2094.<br \/>[27]. Chuku, E. C., &amp; Barber, L. I., (2017). Fungal contamination of mushroom spawn. Proceedings of the 9th conference of Mycological Society of Nigeria, 1:81-83.<br \/>[28]. Shah, S., Nasreen, S., &amp; Sheikh, P. A., (2012). Cultural and morphological characterization of Trichoderma spp associated with green mold disease of Pleurotus spp in Kashmir. Research J. of Microbiol., 7(2):139-144.<br \/>[29]. Okpako, C. E., Ntui, V. O., Osuagwa, A. N., &amp; Obasi, F. I., (2008). Proximate composition and cyanide content of cassava peels fermented with Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. J. of Food Agric &amp; Environ., 6(2): 251-255.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1839853944\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853944\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-56c44b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56c44b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6526316 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6526316\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5fc2b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5fc2b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Agbagwa, S. S., Chuku, E. C. &amp; Mbah, C. G. &#8220;Evaluation of Yield and Spoilage Moulds of\u00a0<em>Pleurotus Ostreatus<\/em>\u00a0Grown on Sawdust, Wood Ash and Cassava Bran&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.137-140 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/137-140.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1839853945\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1839853945\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c9ab7eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9ab7eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be475a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"be475a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9f752d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9f752d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a style=\"box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; color: #00afd1; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;\" title=\"Evaluation of Yield and Spoilage Moulds of &lt;em&gt;Pleurotus Ostreatus&lt;\/em&gt; Grown on Sawdust, Wood Ash and Cassava Bran\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/137-140.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9f99e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c9f99e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ab9e23 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ab9e23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-642f5f4 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"642f5f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/141-144.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Forecasting the Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in Selected West African Countries Using ARIMA Model Technique\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/141-144.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tForecasting the Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in Selected West African Countries Using ARIMA Model Technique\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50d2707 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50d2707\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Musa Ganaka Kubi, Son-Allah Mallaka Philemon, Olope Ganiu Ibrahim August 2020 Page No.: 141-144<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f69d558 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"f69d558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"258594136\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941361\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941361\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2585941361\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941362\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941362\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2585941362\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941363\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941363\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2585941363\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941364\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941364\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2585941364\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941365\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941365\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2585941365\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2585941361\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941361\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-8379be4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8379be4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a63949a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a63949a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81aa454 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81aa454\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>COVID-19 is a disease caused by the novel coronavirus that was reported in China in 2019. The virus has infected more than a million people globally leading to hundred-thousands of deaths. Hence, forecasting the future confirmed cases to support prevention of the disease and aid in the healthcare service preparation is very important especially in developing countries. In order to support governments\u2019 effort in the prevention of COVID-19, we developed an ARIMA model which was used in forecasting future COVID-19 cases in selected West African Countries. The forecasting results from this study indicates an increase cases in the coming days. It is expected that the present prediction models will assist the government and medical personnel in the selected countries to be prepared for the upcoming conditions and have more readiness in healthcare systems.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 141-144<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 18 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2585941362\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941362\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4a886ed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a886ed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da45162 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da45162\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f3bd1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f3bd1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Musa Ganaka Kubi<br \/>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Son-Allah Mallaka Philemon<br \/>Department of Management &amp; Information Technology, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria<\/strong><\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olope Ganiu Ibrahim<br \/>Department of Mathematical Sciences, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2585941363\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941363\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b1ec424 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b1ec424\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8ca6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9d8ca6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9adc456 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9adc456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Anastassopoulou, C., Russo, L., Tsakris, A., &amp; Siettos, C. (2020). Data-based analysis, modelling and forecasting of the COVID-19 outbreak. PloS one, 15(3), e0230405.<br \/>[2]. Fang, Y., Nie, Y., &amp; Penny, M. (2020). Transmission dynamics of the COVID\u201019 outbreak and effectiveness of government interventions: A data\u2010driven analysis. Journal of medical virology, 92(6), 645-659.<br \/>[3]. OECD (2020). COVID-19 and West Africa in Numbers. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Retrieved June 17, 2020 from http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/swac\/coronavirus-west-africa\/<br \/>[4]. Okonta, C. (2020). COVID-19 in West Africa: Let\u2019s Prepare for Long Distance Run. Africa Centre for Disease Control. Retrieved June 16, 2020 from: https:\/\/www.msf.org\/covid-19-west-africa-preparing-long-distance-run<br \/>[5]. Roosa, K., Lee, Y., Luo, R., Kirpich, A., Rothenberg, R., Hyman, J. M., &#8230; &amp; Chowell, G. (2020). Real-time forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic in China from February 5th to February 24th, 2020. Infectious Disease Modelling, 5, 256-263.<br \/>[6]. Li, Q., Feng, W., &amp; Quan, Y. H. (2020). Trend and forecasting of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Infection, 80(4), 469-496.<br \/>[7]. Liu, Z., Magal, P., Seydi, O., &amp; Webb, G. (2020). Predicting the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China from early data. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.12298.<br \/>[8]. Grasselli, G., Pesenti, A., &amp; Cecconi, M. (2020). Critical care utilization for the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: early experience and forecast during an emergency response. Jama, 323(16), 1545-1546.<br \/>[9]. Russo, L., Anastassopoulou, C., Tsakris, A., Bifulco, G. N., Campana, E. F., Toraldo, G., &amp; Siettos, C. (2020). Tracing DAY-ZERO and Forecasting the Fade out of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy. Italy: a compartmental modelling and numerical optimization approach. medRxiv.<br \/>[10]. Massonnaud, C., Roux, J., &amp; Cr\u00e9pey, P. (2020). COVID-19: Forecasting short term hospital needs in France. medRxiv.<br \/>[11]. Liu, P., Beeler, P., &amp; Chakrabarty, R. K. (2020). COVID-19 Progression Timeline and Effectiveness of Response-to-Spread Interventions across the United States. medRxiv.<br \/>[12]. Lover, A. A., &amp; McAndrew, T. (2020). Sentinel Event Surveillance to Estimate Total SARS-CoV-2 Infections, United States. medRxiv.<br \/>[13]. Wise, T., Zbozinek, T. D., Michelini, G., &amp; Hagan, C. C. (2020). Changes in risk perception and protective behavior during the first week of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.<br \/>[14]. Gupta, R., &amp; Pal, S. K. (2020). Trend Analysis and Forecasting of COVID-19 outbreak in India. medRxiv.<br \/>[15]. Kim, S. K. (2020). AAEDM: Theoretical Dynamic Epidemic Diffusion Model and Covid-19 Korea Pandemic Cases. medRxiv.<br \/>[16]. Zhang, Y., Yang, H., Cui, H., &amp; Chen, Q. (2019). Comparison of the Ability of ARIMA, WNN and SVM Models for Drought Forecasting in the Sanjiang Plain, China. Natural Resources Research, 1-18.<br \/>[17]. Imdadullah, M. (2014). Time series analysis. Basic statistics and data analysis.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2585941364\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941364\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-231ddc4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"231ddc4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef4a86a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ef4a86a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2c3ae5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2c3ae5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Musa Ganaka Kubi, Son-Allah Mallaka Philemon, Olope Ganiu Ibrahim &#8220;Forecasting the Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in Selected West African Countries Using ARIMA Model Technique&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.141-144 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/141-144.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2585941365\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2585941365\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8942c90 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8942c90\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be6893a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"be6893a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9239334 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9239334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Forecasting the Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in Selected West African Countries Using ARIMA Model Technique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/141-144.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4310eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4310eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee69ab9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee69ab9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c3566a elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"4c3566a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/145-148.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"3-Satisfiability Reverse Analysis Method for Breast Cancer Detection\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/145-148.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3-Satisfiability Reverse Analysis Method for Breast Cancer Detection\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fcc807 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fcc807\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Samaila Abdullahi, Mohd Asyraf Mansor August 2020 Page No.: 145-148<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd658ed e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"bd658ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"198596845\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968451\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968451\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1985968451\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968452\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968452\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1985968452\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968453\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968453\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1985968453\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968454\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968454\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1985968454\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968455\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968455\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1985968455\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1985968451\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968451\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-487444d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"487444d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d555c64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d555c64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c12150 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c12150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Accurate breast cancer screening is essential to ensure patient with such symptom can be treated accordingly. Medical screening is quite complicated since every patient sign and symptoms will be screened and when the number of features increases the medical practitioner will not able to be screened appropriately. 3Satisfiability Reverse Analysis Method (3-SATRA) incorporated with Hopfield neural network is a new approach for the early detection in breast cancer medical dataset. 3-SATRA has proposed to extract the best logic rule that will representing the attribute of breast cancer dataset since the conventional data extraction techniques focus only on standalone neural network. The proposed method is applied to Breast Cancer dataset obtained from UCI machine learning repository. To pursue that, the results of the analysis will promote the early detection stage used for medical practitioners. The simulation will be executed using Dev C++ 5.11 as a tool for training, testing and validating the performances of the proposed method. The performance of the method was measured based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Sum of Squared Error (SSE), and Computational Time. The performance and accuracy of the results obtained have shown the effectiveness of 3SATRA in medical data mining.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 145-148<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 18 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1985968452\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968452\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5c68232 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c68232\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9bd9f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9bd9f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d22e608 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d22e608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samaila Abdullahi<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematics, Sokoto State University Sokoto, PMB 2134 Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohd Asyraf Mansor<\/strong><br \/>School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1985968453\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968453\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-bd31f94 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd31f94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eaf948 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2eaf948\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bd5e5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bd5e5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] G. I. Salama, M. B. Abdelhalim, and M. A. Zeid, \u201cUsing Multi-Classifiers,\u201d 2012.<br \/>[2] K. Kutzkov, \u201cNew upper bound for the #3-SAT problem,\u201d Inf. Process. Lett., vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 1\u20135, 2007.<br \/>[3] M. A. Mansor, S. Sathasivam, and M. S. M. Kasihmuddin, \u201c3Satisfiability Logic Programming Approach for Cardiovascular Diseases Diagnosis,\u201d AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1974, 2018.<br \/>[4] M. A. Mansor and S. Sathasivam, \u201cAccelerating Activation Function for 3- Satisfiability Logic Programming,\u201d Int. J. Intell. Syst. Appl., 2016.<br \/>[5] S. Sathasivam and W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, \u201cLogic mining in neural network: Reverse analysis method,\u201d Comput. (Vienna\/New York), 2011.<br \/>[6] R. ul Rojas, Neural Networks: A Systematic Introduction Springer. 2013.<br \/>[7] J. L. Johnson, \u201cA neural network approach to the 3Satisfiability problem,\u201d J. Parallel Distrib. Comput., 1989.<br \/>[8] J. J. Hopfield, \u201cNeural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities Biophysics,\u201d Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1982.<br \/>[9] W. A. Little, \u201cThe Existence of Persistent States in the Brain I . INTRODUCTION In this paper we examine the long term behavior of a neuronal network such as the human brain . We will start from the assumption that the state of the brain at any time may be described by,\u201d vol. 120, no. 1974, pp. 145\u2013146, 1974.<br \/>[10] S. Sathasivam, \u201cApplication of Neural Networks in Predictive Data Mining,\u201d 2011 2nd Int. Conf. Bus. Econ. Res., pp. 371\u2013376, 2011.<br \/>[11] S. Sathasivam, \u201cLogic Mining in Neural Networks,\u201d 2006.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1985968454\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968454\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-f8ab217 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f8ab217\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e00c98e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e00c98e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ffe7c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ffe7c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Samaila Abdullahi, Mohd Asyraf Mansor &#8220;3-Satisfiability Reverse Analysis Method for Breast Cancer Detection&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.145-148 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/145-148.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1985968455\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1985968455\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-62960d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"62960d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a6b7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"97a6b7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca086c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca086c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"3-Satisfiability Reverse Analysis Method for Breast Cancer Detection\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/145-148.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68d5c77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"68d5c77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bd5597 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3bd5597\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d56cfd0 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"d56cfd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/149-154.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Comparative Study of MPPT Techniques For Solar Photovoltaic System\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/149-154.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tComparative Study of MPPT Techniques For Solar Photovoltaic System\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00f06bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00f06bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Randriamanantenasoa Njeva, Chrysostome Andrianantenaina, Jean Claude Rakotoarisoa, Jean Nirinarison Razafinjaka August 2020 Page No.: 149-154<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-855344a e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"855344a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"139801674\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016741\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016741\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1398016741\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016742\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016742\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1398016742\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016743\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016743\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1398016743\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016744\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016744\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1398016744\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016745\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016745\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1398016745\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1398016741\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016741\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-8c0e661 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c0e661\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0def160 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0def160\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a6393f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a6393f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Several MPPT algorithms are proposed for photovoltaic system. In this work, various algorithms have been presented such as P&amp;O so-called conventional, MPPT based on fuzzy logic, and the method using the artificial neural network. The aim is to compare the results of the above mentioned methods after performing the simulation with the Simulink Matlab software. Simulation results show that the artificial neural network leads to good performances.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 149-154<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 20 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1398016742\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016742\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1b0116d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b0116d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00103ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"00103ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b525b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1b525b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Randriamanantenasoa Njeva<\/strong><br \/>Phd Student , EDT-ENRE, University of Antsiranana \/Madagascar<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chrysostome Andrianantenaina<\/strong><br \/>Phd Student , EDT-ENRE, University of Antsiranana \/Madagascar<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jean Claude Rakotoarisoa<\/strong><br \/>Doctor, University of Antsiranana \/Madagascar<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jean Nirinarison Razafinjaka<\/strong><br \/>Higher Polytechnic School, University of Antsiranana \/Madagascar<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1398016743\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016743\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-411d350 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"411d350\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb7744f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb7744f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62c265b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62c265b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] S. Pant and R. P. Saini, &#8220;Comparative Study of MPPT Techniques for Solar Photovoltaic System,&#8221; 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON), ALIGARH, India, 2019, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109\/UPCON47278.2019.8980004. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/8980004. Febroary 2020.<br \/>[2] K. Ishaque, Z. Salam, M. Amjad and S. Mekhilef, &#8220;An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)\u2013Based MPPT for PV With Reduced Steady-State Oscillation,&#8221; in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 3627-3638, Aug. 2012, doi: 10.1109\/TPEL.2012.2185713. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6138329. January 2012.<br \/>[3] H. Patel and V. Agarwal, &#8220;Maximum Power Point Tracking Scheme for PV Systems Operating Under Partially Shaded Conditions,&#8221; in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1689-1698, April 2008, doi: 10.1109\/TIE.2008.917118. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/4439206. April 2008.<br \/>[4] J. Ahmed and Z. Salam, &#8220;A soft computing MPPT for PV system based on Cuckoo Search algorithm,&#8221; 4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, Istanbul, 2013, pp. 558-562, doi: 10.1109\/PowerEng.2013.6635669. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6635669. Octobre 2013.<br \/>[5] Razieh Khanaki, M.A.M. Radzi, M. Hamiruce Marhaban. \u2018\u2019 Comparison of ANN and P and O MPPT Methods for PV Applications under Changing Solar Irradiation.\u2019\u2019 https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6775642. Novembre 2013.<br \/>[6] S.R. Revathy, V. Kirubakaran. \u2018\u2019 A critical review of artificial neural networks based maximum power point tracking techniques. http:\/\/www.jcreview.com\/fulltext\/197-1592485852.pdf. Mai 2020<br \/>[7] Chrysostome Andrianantenaina, Solofanja Jeannie Rajonirina, NirinarisonJean Razafinjaka. \u2018\u2019Comparative study of MPPT algorithms for photovolataic system\u2019\u2019. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/335960444. Septembre 2019<br \/>[8] L. Abderezak, B. Aissa and S. Hamza, &#8220;Comparative study of three MPPT algorithms for a photovoltaic system control,&#8221; 2015 World Congress on Information Technology and Computer Applications (WCITCA), Hammamet, 2015, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109\/WCITCA.2015.7367039 https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7367039. January 2016<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1398016744\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016744\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-38161d4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38161d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47268a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47268a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36f86a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36f86a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Randriamanantenasoa Njeva, Chrysostome Andrianantenaina, Jean Claude Rakotoarisoa, Jean Nirinarison Razafinjaka &#8220;Comparative Study of MPPT Techniques For Solar Photovoltaic System&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.149-154 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/149-154.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1398016745\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1398016745\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4ecd9a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ecd9a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1af3c6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1af3c6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26216ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26216ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Comparative Study of MPPT  Techniques For Solar Photovoltaic System\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/149-154.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2a0c87 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e2a0c87\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-358837c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"358837c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e4c715 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"7e4c715\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/155-156.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"On The Diophantine Equation 223x+ 241y=z2\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/155-156.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOn The Diophantine Equation 223x+ 241y=z2\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e325dd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e325dd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Swarg Deep Sharma, Harendra Singhal August 2020 Page No.: 155-156<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e03a1a e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"4e03a1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"81803802\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-818038021\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-818038021\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-818038021\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-818038022\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-818038022\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-818038022\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-818038023\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-818038023\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-818038023\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-818038024\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-818038024\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-818038024\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-818038025\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-818038025\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-818038025\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-818038021\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-818038021\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-f24ffeb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f24ffeb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-743ae99 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"743ae99\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-057a370 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"057a370\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>In this article, authors discussed the existence of solution of Diophantine equation 223<sup>x<\/sup>+ 241<sup>y<\/sup>=z<sup>2<\/sup>, where x,y,z are non-negative integers. Results show that the consider Diophantine equation of study has no non-negative integer solution.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 155-156<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 20 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-818038022\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-818038022\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2fe0a6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2fe0a6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41b38cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41b38cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04c130d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04c130d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National P.G. College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Swarg Deep Sharma<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Nand Lal Singh College Jaitpur Daudpur Constituent of Jai Prakash University Chhapra-841205, Bihar, India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Harendra Singhal<\/strong><br \/>Assistant Professor, Noida Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology, Greater Noida-201306, U.P., India<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-818038023\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-818038023\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a2be73c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2be73c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56aadde e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56aadde\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40fa636 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40fa636\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Acu, D. (2007) On a Diophantine equation 2<br \/>x+5<br \/>y=z<br \/>2, General Mathematics, 15(4), 145-148.<br \/>[2]. Kumar, S., Gupta, S. and Kishan, H. (2018) On the non-linear Diophantine equations \u301661\u3017<br \/>x+\u301667\u3017<br \/>y=z<br \/>2 and \u301667\u3017<br \/>x+\u301673\u3017<br \/>y=z<br \/>2, Annals of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 18(1), 91-94.<br \/>[3]. Kumar, S., Gupta, D. and Kishan, H. (2018) On the non-linear Diophantine equations \u301631\u3017<br \/>x+\u301641\u3017<br \/>y=z<br \/>2 and \u301661\u3017<br \/>x+\u301671\u3017<br \/>y=z<br \/>2, Annals of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 18(2), 185-188.<br \/>[4]. Mordell, L.J. (1969) Diophantine equations, Academic Press, London, New York.<br \/>[5].Rabago, J.F.T. (2013) On an open problem by B. Sroysang, Konuralp Journal of Mathematics, 1(2), 30-32.<br \/>[6]. Sierpinski, W. (1964) Elementary theory of numbers, Warszawa.<br \/>[7]. Sroysang, B. (2012) More on the Diophantine equation 8<br \/>x+\u301619\u3017<br \/>y=z<br \/>2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 81(4), 601-604.<br \/>[8]. Sroysang, B. (2014) On the Diophantine equation 8<br \/>x+\u301613\u3017<br \/>y=z<br \/>2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 90(1), 69-72.<br \/>[9]. Sroysang, B. (2012) On the Diophantine equation \u301631\u3017<br \/>x+\u301632\u3017<br \/>y=z<br \/>2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 81(4), 609-612.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-818038024\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-818038024\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a09daf6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a09daf6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c75639 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c75639\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e2411 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01e2411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Swarg Deep Sharma, Harendra Singhal &#8220;On The Diophantine Equation 223<sup>x<\/sup>+ 241<sup>y<\/sup>=z<sup>2<\/sup>&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.155-156 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/155-156.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-818038025\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-818038025\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-29387a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29387a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-582c78e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"582c78e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81a88d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81a88d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a style=\"box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out; outline: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;\" title=\"On The Diophantine Equation 223&lt;sup&gt;x&lt;\/sup&gt;+ 241&lt;sup&gt;y&lt;\/sup&gt;=z&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/155-156.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e01525e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e01525e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b03123 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b03123\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b456943 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"b456943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/157-164.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"An Automatic Examination Timetable System Using Selection and Crossover Technique\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue8\/157-164.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAn Automatic Examination Timetable System Using Selection and Crossover Technique\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc3f2a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc3f2a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Nnamdi Johnson Ezeora, Uzo Izuchukwu Uchenna, Gregory E. Anichebe, Obayi Adaora Angela, Mathew Daniel E, Ihedioha Uchechi. M, Onyedeke, Obinna C, Uka Emmanuel Uche August 2020 Page No.: 157-164<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbe9956 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"cbe9956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"213817686\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176861\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176861\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2138176861\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176862\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176862\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2138176862\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176863\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176863\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2138176863\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176864\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176864\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2138176864\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176865\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176865\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2138176865\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2138176861\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176861\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-5aca3cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5aca3cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15b5670 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15b5670\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b6b54a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b6b54a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>With the increase in the number of student population, new programs being attached, an automated time-tabling system is required to cater for this increase. Most of the time-tabling problems belong to the class of (Non Polynomial) NP-hard problems, as no deterministic polynomial algorithm exists. Timetable definition is the total schedule of specific lectures attended by a group of students in an institution and the lecturers at a specific time. When solving the timetabling problem, we are usually looking for some solution, which will be the best among others. The space of all feasible solutions which is the series of desired solutions with some more desirable than the others is called search space (also state space). Each point in the search space represents one feasible solution which can be &#8220;marked&#8221; by its value or fitness for the problem. The solution is usually one point in the search space. This research centers on the utilization of computerized system concerning electronic planning and exam booking control arrangement in tertiary Institutions. The work conquers the manual arrangement of activities with respects to the issues timing and planning. The work was effectively evolved utilizing python structure, SQLite Database. Client experience was utilized, an easy to use programming language, and the bundle was tried and enhanced to yield a mechanized Time table plan booking control framework<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 157-164<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 20 September 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2138176862\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176862\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-41df429 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41df429\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3efa12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3efa12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3591409 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3591409\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nnamdi Johnson Ezeora<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uzo Izuchukwu Uchenna<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gregory E. Anichebe<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mathew Daniel E<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ihedioha Uchechi. M<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onyedeke, Obinna C<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science University of Kairouan, Tunisia<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uka Emmanuel Uche<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2138176863\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176863\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-22c4405 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"22c4405\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5476e28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5476e28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9173ddc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9173ddc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1]. Burke E. K. and Petrovic S. Recent research directions in automated timetabling [J] European Journal of Operational Research, 2002, 140(2):.266-280.<br \/>[2]. Chowdhary A. Kakde P. Dhoke S. Ingle S. Rushiya R. and Gawande D. Timetable generation system. [J] International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 2014 3(2).<br \/>[3]. Bayo M.I. and Izah O. M. Towards the Implementation Electronic Lecture Timetable System at Ambrose Alli University [J] Applied Science Research Journal. 2014, 1(2): 27-37.<br \/>[4]. de Werra D. Some combinatorial models for course scheduling. Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, 1996, pp.296-308.<br \/>[5]. Burke E., Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling. [C] In: Proceedings of 1st International Conference, Edinburgh, UK, and August 29-September 1, 1995.<br \/>[6]. Bambrick L. Lecture Timetabling Using Genetic Algorithms. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Queensland, 1997, pp.29.<br \/>[7]. &#8220;OPUS-College Timetable Module Design Document&#8221; Journal of Computer Science 1, 1-7.<br \/>[8]. Fernandes, C.: Infected Genes Evolutionary Algorithm for School Timetabling. WSES International Conference (2002)<br \/>[9]. Eley, M.: Ant Algorithms for the Exam Timetabling Problem. 6th International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, PATAT\u201906 (2006)<br \/>[10]. Chan, H. W.: School Timetabling Using Genetic Search. 2th International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, PATAT\u201997 (1997).<br \/>[11]. Fang, H. L.: Genetic Algorithms in Tametabling Problems. PhD Thesis, University ofEdinburgh (1994)<br \/>[12]. Oliveira, E., Reis L.P.: A Language for Specifying Complete Timetabling Problems. 3th International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling PATAT\u20192000 (2000).<br \/>[13]. Gr\u00f6bner, M., Wilke P.: A General View on Timetabling Problems. 4th International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling PATAT\u20192002 (2002)<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2138176864\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176864\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-d2ca302 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2ca302\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-874ee18 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"874ee18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74a1b64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74a1b64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Nnamdi Johnson Ezeora, Uzo Izuchukwu Uchenna, Gregory E. Anichebe, Obayi Adaora Angela, Mathew Daniel E, Ihedioha Uchechi. M, Onyedeke, Obinna C, Uka Emmanuel Uche &#8220;An Automatic Examination Timetable System Using Selection and Crossover Technique&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 8 August 2020, pp.157-164 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/157-164.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2138176865\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2138176865\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e728b02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e728b02\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08cdef3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08cdef3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb29d04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb29d04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"An Automatic Examination Timetable System Using Selection and Crossover Technique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue8\/157-164.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" 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