{"id":56117,"date":"2024-12-22T19:20:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-22T19:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/?page_id=56117"},"modified":"2024-12-22T20:05:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-22T20:05:05","slug":"volume-v-issue-xi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/archive\/volume-v-issue-xi\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume V Issue XI"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"56117\" class=\"elementor elementor-56117\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6623f762 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6623f762\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7590f322 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7590f322\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b173262 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b173262\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Publication for Volume 5 Issue 11 is in process..<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46c4d57b elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"46c4d57b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/01-04.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Determination Of Nutrient Composition And Associated Spoilage Fungi Of Different Varieties Of Breadfruit\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/01-04.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDetermination Of Nutrient Composition And Associated Spoilage Fungi Of Different Varieties Of Breadfruit\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-420878bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"420878bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wekhe O. E., Chuku, E. C. &amp; Nmom, F. W. November 2020 Page No.: 01-04<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7381f41e e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"7381f41e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1937896478\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964781\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964781\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-19378964781\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964782\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964782\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-19378964782\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964783\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964783\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-19378964783\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964784\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964784\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-19378964784\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964785\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964785\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-19378964785\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-19378964781\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964781\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-362b993a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"362b993a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2db4c65c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2db4c65c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-491da539 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"491da539\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Studies on the nutrient composition and associated spoilage fungi of different varieties of breadfruit were carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University. Four varieties comprising Artocarpus altilis, A. camansi, A. heterophyllus and Treculia africana were assessed in this study. Proximate analysis revealed that T. africana recorded highest values for lipid (11.87\u00b10.06), fibre (3.27\u00b10.06), carbohydrate (51.17\u00b10.12) and energy (377.1\u00b10.00). However, highest concentrations of moisture and protein were observed for A. altilis and A. heterophyllus respectively. A. camansi recorded highest ash content (3.8\u00b10.00). Vitamins assessed were vitamin A and thiamine. A. altilis recorded highest value of vitamin A (9.2\u00b111.95) while highest concentration of thiamine (1.8\u00b10.00) was observed for A. heterophyllus. Eight fungal organisms viz: Rhizopus spp, Aspergillus Niger, A. flavus, Mucor spp, Penicillium spp, Fusarium spp, Cryptococcus neoformans and Trycophyton rubrium were isolated and associated with breadfruit in this study. Highest percentage incidence (26.7%) was recorded for Rhizopus spp while least incidence of 4.4% was observed for Trycophyton rubrium. In general, A. africana had more proximate and appreciable vitamin parameters than other varieties assessed.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 01-04<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 26 November 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-19378964782\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964782\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-426b8dd5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"426b8dd5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cb027f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6cb027f3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70fc35ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70fc35ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wekhe O. E.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria.<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chuku, E. C.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria.<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nmom, F. W.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-19378964783\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964783\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2e56b4f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e56b4f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11688850 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11688850\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2cb9a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d2cb9a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Enibe, S. 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(2003) Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.<br \/>[37] Ajayi O. B &amp; Adebolu T. T (2013) Microbial contribution to spoilage of Africa breadfruit (Artocarpus Communis, Forst) during storage. Food Science snd Nutrition, 1(3), 235-240.<br \/>[38] Amusa, N. A., Kehinde, I. A. &amp; Ashaye, O. A. (2002). Biodeterioration of breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) in storage and its effects on the nutrient composition. African Journal of Biotechnology 1 (2): 57-60.<br \/>[39] Salako, E. A. &amp; Anjorin, S. T. (2012). Principle of general mycology, 2nd edition. Print Villa Publishers, pp 69.<br \/>[40] Ogaraku, A.O. &amp; Usman H.O. (2008). Storage rot of some yams (Dioscorea spp) in Keffi and environs, Nasarawa State. Department of Biological Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.<br \/>[41] John, O.O., Dooshima, .S. Simon, T.U. &amp; Tseaa, S. (2015). Isolation of six microorganisms from rotten Dioscorea alata (water yam), and antimicrobial sensitivity test with nine plant extracts. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6, 1381- 1394.<br \/>[42] Beuchat L. R.(2006). Vectors and Conditions for preharvest contamination of fruits and vegetables with pathogens capable of causing enteric disease. Britain FoodJournal, 108, 38-53.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-19378964784\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964784\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-761ec76 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"761ec76\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37e17255 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37e17255\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3261c0a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3261c0a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wekhe O. E., Chuku, E. C. &amp; Nmom, F. W. &#8220;Determination Of Nutrient Composition And Associated Spoilage Fungi Of Different Varieties Of Breadfruit&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.01-04 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/01-04.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-19378964785\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-19378964785\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7242ab3b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7242ab3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175ebd96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"175ebd96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2141d1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2141d1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Determination Of Nutrient Composition And Associated Spoilage Fungi Of Different Varieties Of Breadfruit\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/01-04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7048c6e8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7048c6e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ac30902 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ac30902\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12e2be12 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"12e2be12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/05-08.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"On the New Trend of Modeling the Impact of Interacting Rate on the Vulnerability to Ebola Infection\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/05-08.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOn the New Trend of Modeling the Impact of Interacting Rate on the Vulnerability to Ebola Infection\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54733d0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54733d0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Peters Nwagor, Jim-George Frimabo &amp; Joyce Adaobi Okoro November 2020 Page No.: 05-08<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff7b808 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"ff7b808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"267892744\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927441\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927441\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2678927441\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927442\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927442\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2678927442\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927443\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927443\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2678927443\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927444\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927444\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2678927444\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927445\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927445\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2678927445\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2678927441\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927441\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-6dadf151 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6dadf151\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5313a613 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5313a613\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-630f43c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"630f43c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>By using an appropriate numerical method to model the impact of interacting rate of virus and uninfected cells, we have found that a bifurcation in the quantification of the impact of the disease condition has occurred between a decreased variation value of \u03b2 at 99.8% and increased variation value of 105% and also the lower limit of the bifurcation interval to be 0.001188 and the upper limit of the bifurcation interval to be 0.00126 which is a vital intervention information in our bid to mitigate against the Ebola disease condition. The novel results that we have obtained which we have not seen elsewhere are fully presented and discussed quantitatively.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 05-08<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication:26 November 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2678927442\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927442\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4cfc037a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4cfc037a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fad1761 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5fad1761\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c124da7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c124da7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gurpreet Singh<\/strong><br \/>Department of CSE,<br \/>PTU, AIET, Faridkot, India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gurbinder Singh<\/strong><br \/>Department of CSE,<br \/>PTU, AIET, Faridkot, India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mandeep Singh<\/strong><br \/>Department of CSE,<br \/>PTU, AIET, Faridkot, India<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2678927443\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927443\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5362885a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5362885a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f2a88ea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f2a88ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f150de4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f150de4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] A.Piyush Shanker, A.N. Rajagopalan, \u2015Off-line signature verification using DTW\u2016, Pattern Recognition Letters 28 (2007) 1407\u20131414<br \/>[2] Alessandro Zimmer and Lee Luan Ling, \u2015Offline Signature Verification SystemBased on the Online Data\u2016, EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing Volume 2008, Article ID 492910, 16 pages.<br \/>[3] Alisher Kholmatov, Berrin Yanikoglu. \u2015Identity authentication using improved online signature verification method\u2016. Pattern Recognition Letters 26 (2005) 2400\u20132408<br \/>[4] Anil K. Jain, Friederike D. Griess, Scott D. Connell. \u2015On-line signature veri!cation\u2016. Pattern Recognition 35 (2002) 2963 \u2013 2972;<br \/>[5] Ashwini Pansare, Shalini Bhatia \u2015Handwritten Signature Verification using Neural Network\u2016. Volume 1\u2013 No.2, January 2012<br \/>[6] Bajaj R, Chaudhary S. \u2015Signature Verification Using Multiple Neural Classifiers\u2016.<br \/>[7] D. Bertolinia, L.S.Oliveirab, E.Justinoa, R.Sabourinc, \u2015Reducing forgeries in writer-independent off-line signature verification through ensemble of classifiers\u2016, Pattern Recognition (2009), doi:10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.05.009.<br \/>[8] Danjun Pu, Gregory R. Ball, Sargur N. Srihari \u2015A Machine Learning Approach to Off-Line Signature Verification Using Bayesian Inference\u2016 Computational Forensics Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 5718, 2009, pp 125-136,<br \/>[9] Donato Impedovo and Giuseppe Pirlo. \u2015Automatic Signature Verification: The State of the Art\u2016. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics\u2014Part C: Applications and Reviews, Vol.38,No. 5, September 2008.<br \/>[10] H. Baltzakis, N. Papamarkos. \u2015A new signature veri\u00aecation technique based on a two-stage neural network classifier\u2016. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 14 (2001) 95-103<br \/>[11] Hao Feng, Chan Choong Wah. \u2015Online Signature Verification Using a New Extreme Points Warping Technique\u2016.<br \/>[12] J. Coetzer, B. M. Herbst and J. A. du Preez. \u2015Offline Signature Verification Using the Discrete Radon Transform and a Hidden Markov Model\u2016. EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 2004:4, 559\u2013571.<br \/>[13] K.R. Radhika, M.K. Venkatesha and G.N. Sekhar, \u2015Off-Line Signature Authentication Based on Moment Invariants Using Support Vector Machine\u2016, Journal of Computer Science 6 (3): 305-311, 2010.<br \/>[14] Karouni A., Daya B., Bahlak S. \u2015Offline Signature Recognition Using Neural Network Approach\u2016. Procedia Computer Science, 3 (2011) pp 155-16;<br \/>[15] Luan L. Lee, Toby Berger, and Erez Aviczer. \u2015Reliable On-Line Human Signature Verification Systems\u2016. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 16, NO. 6, JUNE 1996.<br \/>[16] Madasu Hanmandlu, Mohd. Hafizuddin Mohd. Yusof, Vamsi Krishna Madasu. \u2015Off-line signature verification and forgery detection using fuzzy modeling\u2016.<br \/>[17] Ramachandra A C, Ravi J, K B Raja, Venugopal K R and L M Patnaik, \u2015Signature Verification using Graph Matching and Cross-Validation Principle\u2016, International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol 1, No. 1, May 2009.<br \/>[18] Reza Ebrahimpour, Ali Amiri, Masoom Nazari and Alireza Hajiany, \u2015Robust Model for Signature Recognition Based on Biological Inspired Features\u2016, International JournalofComputerandElectrical Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 4, August, 2010.<br \/>[19] Sandeep Patil, Shailendra Dewangan. \u2015Neural Network-based Offline Handwritten Signature Verification System using Hu\u2019s Moment Invariant Analysis\u2016. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT),ISSN: 2249 \u2013 8958, Volume-1, Issue-1, October 2011.<br \/>[20] Upasana Dewan, Javed Ashraf \u2015Offline Signature Verification Using Neural NetworkOffline Signature Verification Using Neural Networks\u2016. IJCEM International Journal of Computational Engineering &amp; Management, Vol. 15 Issue 4, July 2012.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2678927444\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927444\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6ce33575 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ce33575\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f66a59d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f66a59d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2774cef0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2774cef0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Gurpreet Singh, Gurbinder Singh, Mandeep Singh &#8220;Signature Verification by using Radial Basis Function (SVM)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.1 issue 1, pp.05-09 2016<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2678927445\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2678927445\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2c47387d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c47387d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-490480d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"490480d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-505242eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"505242eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<center><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Signature Verification by using Radial Basis Function (SVM)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.1&amp;Issue1\/05-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/center>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29fe5570 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"29fe5570\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c63927 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c63927\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56ad4216 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"56ad4216\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/09-14.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Influence of Status of Playground on the Participation of Pre-School Children in Physical Education Activities\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/09-14.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInfluence of Status of Playground on the Participation of Pre-School Children in Physical Education Activities\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-453ca3b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"453ca3b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Githinji Mary Wambui, Dr. Juliet W. Mugo, November 2020 Page No.: 09-14<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-735c131 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"735c131\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"120963377\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633771\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633771\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1209633771\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633772\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633772\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1209633772\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633773\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633773\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1209633773\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633774\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633774\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1209633774\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633775\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633775\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1209633775\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1209633771\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633771\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-bf879f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bf879f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7899965 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7899965\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d758b92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d758b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The main aim of this study was to establish the influence of condition of playground on the participation of pre-school children in physical education (PE) activities in Kasarani Sub-county, Nairobi City County, Kenya. Bandura\u2019s Social Learning Theory of (1977) guided the descriptive design study and specifically used the survey method. Out of the 50 targeted pre-schools, 15 (30%) of them and 30 (30%) out of 100 teachers formed the sample size. Questionnaires as well as observation checklists were employed to collect data, and piloting conducted in four randomly selected pre-schools, to determine the soundness of the research instruments. Data was analyzed descriptively and also by use of correlations. Findings show that the playground status of most of the preschools in Kasarani Sub-county of Nairobi was inferior and characterized by poor fencing and presence of unsafe materials. The study findings further revealed that most of the respondents rated the adequacy of playground equipment as medium, especially due to the fact that large equipment were not present in most of the preschools. The researcher\u2019s rating from observations made practically also concurred that the status of the playground equipment was medium, since even in schools where equipment were present, some were not functional while others were in deplorable condition. The study thus concluded that the condition of playgrounds in most preschools in Kasarani was generally poor hence leading to low participation of preschool children in P.E. Despite the fact that inferential results show that there is no significance between the condition of the playground and children\u2019s participation in P.E, the study recommended that playgrounds must be safe because they serve to improve children\u2019 holistic growth, development and learning. Hence the Ministry of Education, preschool proprietors, managers, administrators, teachers, parents and other pre-school stakeholders should be tasked to ensure the playground surfaces are safe for children\u2019s use always, in order to minimize injuries while at the same time increasing participation in physical education activities in the outdoor pre-school environs.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 09-14<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 26 November 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1209633772\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633772\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-146ce62 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"146ce62\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-382e02a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"382e02a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79a35047 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79a35047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Githinji Mary Wambui<\/strong><br \/>Department of Early Childhood Studies, Kenyatta University<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Juliet W. Mugo<\/strong><br \/>Department of Early Childhood Studies, Kenyatta University<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1209633773\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633773\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a412e31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a412e31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bcd5072 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bcd5072\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18b8fbf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18b8fbf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Akoth, O. (2016). \u201cImpact of Outdoor Activities on Pre-School Children\u2019s Physical Skill Development in Langata Sub County, Nairobi County, Kenya.\u201d Unpublished Med Project: University of Nairobi.<br \/>[2] Bundy, A. C, Luckett, T., Tranter, P.T, Naughton, G.A., Shirley, R. Wyver, J. O Rage n and Greta S. (2009). The risk is that there is \u2018no risk\u2019: a simple, innovative intervention to increase children\u2019s activity levels, International Journal of Early Years Education, 17:1, 33-45<br \/>[3] Cozett, C., Basset, S.H. and Leach, L. (2016). Factors influencing participation in physical activity among 11-13 year old school children in the Western Cape, South Africa. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences, 22(4:2): 1100-1107. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10520\/EJC200148<br \/>[4] Eigbobo, J. O., Nzomiwu, C. L., Amobi, E. O. &amp; Etim, S. S. (2014). The Standard of Playgrounds and Safety Measures in Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Nigerian Primary Schools. Journal of the West African College of Surgeons, 4(4): 82\u201399.<br \/>[5] Engelen L, Bundy, A. C, Naughton, G., Simpson, J. M., Bauman, A., Ragen, J., Baur, L., Wyver, S., Tranter, P.,Niehues, A., Schiller, W., Perry, J. G., van der Ploeg, H. P. (2013). Increasing physical activity in young primary school children\u2014it\u2019s child\u2019s play: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Preventive Medicine 56: 319\u2013325.<br \/>[6] Githaga, E. (2018). School factors influencing the frequency of teaching of physical education in lower primary classes in Laikipia County, Kenya. Nairobi: Unpublished Med Thesis, Kenyatta University.<br \/>[7] Gulhane, T. F. (2015). Benefits of exercises. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 1(4):105- 106.<br \/>[8] Hyndman, B. &amp; Lester, L. (2015). The Relationship between Elementary School Children&#8217;s Enjoyment of School Playground Activities and Participation in Physical Activity during Lunchtime Recess. Article, January, 2015.<br \/>[9] Hyndman, B. P., Benson, A. &amp; Telford, A. (2015). Should Educators be \u2018Wrapping School Playgrounds in Cotton Wool\u2019 to Encourage Physical Activity? Exploring Primary and Secondary Pre-school children\u2019 Voices from the School Playground. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 40 (6).<br \/>[10] Lopes V, Vasques, C. M. S., Ferreira, Leite de Oliveira Pereira, M.B, Ribeiro Maia, J. A. (2015). Physical activity patterns during school recess: A study in children 6 to 10 years old. International Electronic Journal of Health Education9: 192\u2013201.<br \/>[11] Macharia, H. (2012). \u201cInfluence of School Playground Safety on the Participation of Pre-School Children in Outdoor Activities in Central Division, Naivasha District, Kenya.\u201d Unpublished MEd Thesis: University of Nairobi.<br \/>[12] Mugo, J.W. (2009). Effects of an in-service workshop for teachers on pre-school children\u2019s accidents in selected divisions in Nairobi province, Kenya. Nairobi: Unpublished PhD Thesis, Kenyatta University.<br \/>[13] Ochanda, E. A. (2015). \u201cEffect of Play Equipment on Preschool Children\u2019s Participation in Outdoor Play Activities in Suba East Division, Migori County.\u201d Unpublished MEd Project: University of Nairobi.<br \/>[14] Reimers, A., &amp; Knapp, G. (2017). Playground usage and physical activity levels of children based on playground spatial features. Journal of Public Health, 25(6), 661-669. doi: 10.1007\/s10389-017-0828-x<br \/>[15] UNESCO, (2005). EFA Global Monitoring Report 2010: Reaching the Marginalized. Paris, UNESCO.<br \/>[16] Wanjiku, N. J. (2016). \u201cDeterminants of Quality Outdoor Play Environment In Early Childhood Development Centres In Ng\u2019Enda Zone, Kiambu County, Kenya.\u201d Unpublished MEd Thesis: Kenyatta University.<br \/>[17] Wattchow, B., Jeanes, R., Alfrey, L., Brown, T., Cutter-Mackenzie, A., and O&#8217;Connor, J. (2013). The socioecological educator: a 21st century renewal of physical, health, environment and outdoor education. Springer Science and Business Media<br \/>[18] Wright P. M., Zittel L. L., Gipson T., Williams C. (2019). Assessing relationships between physical development and other indicators of school readiness among preschool students. J. Teach. Phys. Educ. 38 388\u2013392. 10.1123\/jtpe.2018-0172<br \/>[19] Zask A, Van Beurden E, Barnett L, Dietrich, U. C., Brooks, L. O and Bear, J. (2014) Active school playgrounds-myth or reality? Results of the \u2018\u2018move it groove it\u2019\u2019 project. Preventive Medicine 33: 402\u2013408.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1209633774\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633774\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-73a068fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73a068fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e57d418 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e57d418\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3048ba22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3048ba22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Githinji Mary Wambui, Dr. Juliet W. Mugo, &#8220;Influence of Status of Playground on the Participation of Pre-School Children in Physical Education Activities&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.09-14 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/09-14.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1209633775\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1209633775\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6bb4e16a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bb4e16a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-453ba012 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"453ba012\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-267b6513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"267b6513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Influence of Status of Playground on the Participation of Pre-School Children in Physical Education Activities\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/09-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20a40690 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"20a40690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73e336b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73e336b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c37eb28 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"4c37eb28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/15-19.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"The Impact of Interest Rate on Domestic Investments and Nigerian Economic Growth\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/15-19.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Impact of Interest Rate on Domestic Investments and Nigerian Economic Growth\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-483494b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"483494b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Okeke, C. Charles and Awogbemi, C. Adeyeye November 2020 Page No.: 15-19<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-291d9f3e e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"291d9f3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"689807166\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071661\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071661\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-6898071661\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071662\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071662\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-6898071662\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071663\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071663\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-6898071663\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071664\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071664\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-6898071664\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071665\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071665\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-6898071665\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-6898071661\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071661\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-5b40bf0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b40bf0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ab1cff3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ab1cff3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-713e62f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"713e62f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The paper investigated the impact of interest rate on domestic investments and economic growth of Nigeria using time series analysis and annual data from 1980-2016. Using interest rate, inflation rate, money supply and the rate of economic growth as independent variables and domestic investment as dependent variable, the study applied Auto -Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. This is based on the outcome of ADF unit root tests which revealed that the variables are integrated of I(1) and I(0). The ARDL bounds test result provided evidence of a stronghold long run relationship among the variables. This necessitated the estimation of ARDL short run and long run results. The short run results of the model revealed that MS (-2) is significant but with positive impact of interest rate on domestic, investments and economic growth of Nigeria. The long run results indicated that MS was made significant but with negative impact on Nigeria Domestic Investment. The impacts of INTR, INF, MS, MS (-1) and EGR were positive and negative in both long and short runs. The outcome of the diagnostic tests supported the acceptability of the model results and it was concluded that over the years, the cause of low investment in Nigeria is due to high and fluctuating interest rates. Thus, the formulation and implementation of financial policies that enhance investment-friendly rate of interest is necessary for promoting economic growth in Nigeria.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 15-19<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication:26 November 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-6898071662\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071662\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-14a39d97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14a39d97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3339eab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3339eab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b23b4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b23b4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okeke, C. Charles<\/strong><br \/>Department of Statistics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Awogbemi C. Adeyeye<\/strong><br \/>Department of Statistics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-6898071663\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071663\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-457100f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"457100f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae6e75c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ae6e75c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63e5b1a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63e5b1a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Ekpo, U. N. (2014). The Nexus of Macroeconomic Policy, Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics And Finance, 3(4), pp 12-22.<br \/>[2] Guseh J. S, and Oritsejafor, E. (2007). \u2018Government Size, Political Freedom and Economic Growth in Nigeria, 1960-2000\u2019. Journal of Third World Studies. March 22.<br \/>[3] Gujarati, D. N. (2009). Basic Econometrics. New York, Boston: Mcgraw-Hill Inc.<br \/>[4] Jhingan, M. L. (2003). Monetary Economics, 6th ed. Vrinda Publication (P), Ltd. India.<br \/>[5] Obainuyi, T. M. and Olorunfemi, S. (2011). Financial Reforms, Interest Rate Behaviour and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Finance And Banking,1(4): pp 39-55.<br \/>[6] Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R.J. (2001) Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of level Relationships, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, pp 289 -326.<br \/>[7] Samuelson, P. A. and D., N. W. (2010). Economics, International. 19 ed., McGraw-Hill: Singapore.<br \/>[8] Sesay, B. and Brima, A. S. (2017). Monetary Policy Effect On Private Sector Investment: Evidence from Sierra Leone. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1), pp 476-488.<br \/>[9] Tobias, O. and Mambo, C. (2012). The Effect of Monetary Policy on Private Sector Investment in Kenya. Journal of Applied Finance &amp; Banking, 2(2), pp 1-9.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-6898071664\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071664\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4d8a5259 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d8a5259\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-572d34a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"572d34a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26806af6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26806af6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Okeke, C. Charles and Awogbemi, C. Adeyeye &#8220;The Impact of Interest Rate on Domestic Investments and Nigerian Economic Growth&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.15-19 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/15-19.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-6898071665\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-6898071665\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1fb1ea7e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1fb1ea7e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eeea050 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1eeea050\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e538e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e538e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"The Impact of Interest Rate on Domestic Investments and Nigerian Economic Growth\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/15-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4abbe30e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4abbe30e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77386a35 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77386a35\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7777cc75 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"7777cc75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/20-25.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Attitudinal changes towards Vocational &amp; Technical Education; Challenges and Prospects\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/20-25.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAttitudinal changes towards Vocational &amp; Technical Education; Challenges and Prospects\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-727a1432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"727a1432\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abdullahi .S. Mohammed, Ibeh .S. Chukwuemeka, Attahiru Illiyasu November 2020 Page No.: 20-25<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44cd87c6 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"44cd87c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1154320326\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203261\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203261\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-11543203261\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203262\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203262\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-11543203262\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203263\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203263\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-11543203263\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203264\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203264\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-11543203264\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203265\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203265\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-11543203265\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-11543203261\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203261\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-79ac993d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"79ac993d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ffcde90 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1ffcde90\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a0c605 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a0c605\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The research was conducted to ascertain level of awareness and attitude of parents, students and the public towards technical and vocational system of education. A sample of 400 students from various secondary schools, 400 parents in the community and 400 private\/public employees completed a questionnaire that was designed to validate the study. Percentage scores were used to answer the research questions. Results show that students, parents have exhibits negative attitude towards acquiring skills\/knowledge from technical colleges. Only 22.5, 35 % of the students, parents preferred acquiring awards from technical colleges; 77.5, 65 % students, parents preferred their wards to acquire knowledge from university system of education. It was observed that parents with low economical, educational status in the society tend to encourage their wards to undergo Technical and Vocational system of Education. While, students from poor economic background belief that university system of education is meant for the wealthy family. On the basis of these findings, proactive recommendations were made to improve attitudinal change towards technical and vocational system of education.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 20-25<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 28 November 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-11543203262\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203262\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6af28174 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6af28174\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-539045c0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"539045c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7305158d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7305158d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdullahi .S. Mohammed<\/strong><br \/>Technical Services Dept, Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Niger State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibeh .S. Chukwuemeka<\/strong><br \/>Technical Services Dept, Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Niger State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Attahiru Illiyasu<\/strong><br \/>Research and Development, Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Niger State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-11543203263\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203263\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-15f47feb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15f47feb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f5aef6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f5aef6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d255230 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d255230\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] M. Balogun, A.M. \u2018\u2018Challenges of higher education in Nigeria: A manager\u2019s perspective.\u2019\u2019 Paper presented at the maiden edition of the faculty of educational annual lecture series, University of Ado-Ekiti, March, 2010.<br \/>[2] S. Ifelunni, \u2018\u2018UBE and nine years basic education: Human resources development and utilization\u2019\u2019. Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Magazine, 2006.<br \/>[3] Okolocha, and E. I. Baba, \u2018\u2018The Role of Vocational and Technical Education in Nigeria Democratic Dispensation\u2019\u2019. International Journal of Capacity Building in Education and Management (IJCBEM), 2016, 2(4):12-24.<br \/>[4] W. L. Abdulrahaman, \u2018\u2018Technical and Vocational Education, a Tool for National Development in Nigeria\u2019\u2019. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences MCSER Publishing, 2013, Vol. 4 No 8.<br \/>[5] S. O. Adenle, and S. I. Olukayode, \u2018\u2018Technical and Vocational Education for Productivity and Sustainable Development in Nigeria.\u2019\u2019 A paper presented at the 20th annual National conference of National Association of Teachers of Technology (NATT) at Kaduna Polytechnic, 5th\u20139th November, 2007<br \/>[6] P. Bennell, \u2018\u2018General versus vocational secondary education in developing Country: A review of rates of return evidence\u2019\u2019. The Journal of Development Studies, 1996, 33(2), 230\u2010247<br \/>[7] Ebong, \u2018\u2018Higher-Level Manpower Development: An Assessment of the Growth and Academic Performance of Nigerian Universities.\u2019\u2019 1996. Ph.D Thesis, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos. Unpublished<br \/>[8] Oghiagbephan, \u2018\u2018Restructuring Educational Goals for National and Economic Development in Nigeria.\u2019\u2019 IOSR Journal of Research &amp; Method in Education (IOSR-JRME) Volume 5, Issue 4 Ver. II, 2015.pp 08-14<br \/>[9] M. Chukwuma, and C. I. Joy, \u2018\u2018The Challenges of Attitudinal Change To Corporate Governance In Nigeria\u2019\u2019. NG-Journal of Social Development, 2015.vol. 5, No. 1. ISSN: 0189-5958.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-11543203264\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203264\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f7658 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d9f7658\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fed9ec2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5fed9ec2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ea5a401 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ea5a401\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abdullahi .S. Mohammed, Ibeh .S. Chukwuemeka, Attahiru Illiyasu, &#8220;Attitudinal changes towards Vocational &amp; Technical Education; Challenges and Prospects&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.20-25 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/20-25.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-11543203265\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-11543203265\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7ece315e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ece315e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6125b380 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6125b380\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73dbe19d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73dbe19d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Attitudinal changes towards Vocational &amp; Technical Education; Challenges and Prospects\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/20-25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2000df2f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2000df2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34199004 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"34199004\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bce6d80 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6bce6d80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/26-34.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Cardiocurative Effect of the Seed of Tetracarpidium Conophorum African Walnut on Wistar Rats with Doxorubicin Induced Myocardial Infarction\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/26-34.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCardiocurative Effect of the Seed of Tetracarpidium Conophorum African Walnut on Wistar Rats with Doxorubicin Induced Myocardial Infarction\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d1ad490 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d1ad490\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Anyanwu, G.E, Ezugwu, N.S, Esom, E.A November 2020 Page No.: 26-34<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a8e1503 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"3a8e1503\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"982390019\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900191\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900191\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-9823900191\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900192\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900192\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-9823900192\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900193\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900193\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-9823900193\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900194\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900194\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-9823900194\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900195\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900195\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-9823900195\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-9823900191\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900191\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-30eccb25 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"30eccb25\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78ff09e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"78ff09e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47d1b2bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47d1b2bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The study investigated the cardiocurative effect of the seed of Tetracarpidium Conophorum extract on wistar rats with doxorubicin-induced myocardial infarction. Herbal drugs are used widely even when their biologically active compounds are unknown, probably because of their effectiveness, lesser side effects and affordability. The result of this study will provide harmless and affordable remedy for cardiotoxicity and other oxidative stress induced diseases. Twenty adult wistar rats (140 \u2013 330g) of both sexes were divided into five experimental groups (A, B, C, D, and E). Each group had four rats. Group A, B, C, D, and E represented groups treated with food only, doxorubicin only, (doxorubicin + 6% walnut of feed), (doxorubicin + 12% walnut of feed) and (doxorubicin + Enalapril) respectively. Cardiotoxicity was induced by the cumulative administration of 15mg\/kg doxorubicin intraperitoneally during the first alternate seven days (1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day). After the treatment period of forty-two days, blood samples and hearts were collected for biochemical and histopathological studies respectively. Serum enzyme and lipid profile were checked. There was significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein with significant decrease (p &lt; 0.05) in high-density lipoprotein in the group induced with doxorubicin without additional treatment when compared with the Tetracarpidium Conophorum and Enalapril treated groups. This observation was supported by histopathological report. The repeated administration of doxorubicincaused toxic damage to the myocardium. But treatment with the Tetracarpidium Conophorum significantly restored (p &lt; 0.05) the myocardium from the toxic damage. Treatment with Enalapril produced the best abatement, followed by the 12% walnut of the feed intake.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 26-34<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 02 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-9823900192\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900192\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5186312b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5186312b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d8eb137 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7d8eb137\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e592fea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e592fea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anyanwu, G.E<\/strong><br \/>Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ezugwu, N.S<\/strong><br \/>Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Esom, E.A<\/strong><br \/>Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-9823900193\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-9823900193\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6e77f04a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6e77f04a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24ea2abf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"24ea2abf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54dedbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54dedbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Adaramoye, OA, Lawal, SO. 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Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459561\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459561\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5648459561\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459562\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459562\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5648459562\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459563\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459563\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5648459563\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459564\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459564\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5648459564\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459565\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459565\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5648459565\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5648459561\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459561\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-678944ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"678944ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34d6842d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"34d6842d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f3b0c42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f3b0c42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The demand for work-life balance by employees have increased in organizations. Therefore, work-life balance must be effectively managed by organization so as to have competitive advantage over their competitors due to fast pace of economic development. The study examined the factors that influence work-life balance in government owned organization in Nigeria. A conceptual review of literature was done. Information were gathered from textbooks, articles, journals conference proceedings. The result from the proposition revealed that there is relationship between work-life balance and employee performance. The study therefore concluded that work-life balance factors such as flexible-work arrangement, employee wellness programs and family responsibility are important tools that could be adopted by organization in order to ensure that their staffs are satisfied. The study therefore concluded that work-life balance is beneficial for employee performance and therefore recommends continual renewal of work-life balance policy which will help in improving employee performance and will also have positive effect on organizational productivity.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 35-41<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 04 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5648459562\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459562\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-df16535 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df16535\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4be4eb09 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4be4eb09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-674a155c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"674a155c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oderonke Feyikemi Odeloye<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Management Covenant University, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adewale Omotayo Osibanjo<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Management Covenant University, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oyetola Ibukunoluwa Adeyeri<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Management Covenant University, Nigeriali&gt;<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mercy Ogbari<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Management Covenant University, Nigeriali&gt;<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Comfort Imuzeze<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Management Covenant University, Nigeriali&gt;<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joshua Oluwagbotemi Akande<\/strong><br \/>Department of Business Management Covenant University, Nigeriali&gt;<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5648459563\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459563\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5d10c04d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d10c04d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5394f733 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5394f733\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-513a15b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"513a15b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Abdulkadir, L. 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Patil University, Navi Mumbai.<br \/>[51] Sadikoglu, E., &amp; Zehir, C. (2010). Investigating the effects of innovation and employee performance on the relationship between total quality management practices and firm performance: An empirical study of Turkish firms. International journal of production economics, 127(1), 13-26.<br \/>[52] Taylor, S., &amp; Don, M.( 2010). Financial Planning (4th ed.). USA, Boston: College Press.<br \/>[53] Winkler (2010). Winkler JC (2010), Work-Life Balance: Strategies for Attaining and Maintaining Work-Life Balance. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 8-13.<br \/>[54] Yadav, R. K., &amp; Dabhade, N. (2014). Work life balance and job satisfaction among the working women of banking and education sector-A comparative study. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 21, 181-201.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5648459564\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459564\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1bdf0a3a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1bdf0a3a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-521327a9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"521327a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a25eb28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a25eb28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oderonke Feyikemi Odeloye, Adewale Omotayo Osibanjo, Oyetola Ibukunoluwa Adeyeri, Mercy Ogbari, Comfort Imuzeze, Joshua Oluwagbotemi Akande &#8220;Factors of Work-Life Balance That Influence Employee Performance in Government-Owned Organizations in Nigeria: A Conceptual Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.35-41 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/35-41.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5648459565\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5648459565\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-74284975 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74284975\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c33e413 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c33e413\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dd87f57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dd87f57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Factors of Work-Life Balance That Influence Employee Performance in Government-Owned Organizations in Nigeria: A Conceptual Review\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/35-41.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e421657 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6e421657\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-798a05e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"798a05e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32dd4525 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"32dd4525\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/42-46.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Assessment of Mineral, Phytochemical And Bacterial Flora of Four Varieties of Breadfruit\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/42-46.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAssessment of Mineral, Phytochemical And Bacterial Flora of Four Varieties of Breadfruit\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d0a2651 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d0a2651\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wekhe O. E., Chuku, E. C. &amp; Jaja, E. T. November 2020 Page No.: 42-46<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e5c71b3 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"1e5c71b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"509374899\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748991\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748991\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5093748991\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748992\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748992\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5093748992\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748993\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748993\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5093748993\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748994\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748994\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5093748994\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748995\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748995\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5093748995\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5093748991\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748991\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-21f8641c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"21f8641c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ee8b7a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ee8b7a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ce34a87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ce34a87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Studies on the mineral, phytochemical and bacterial Flora of four varieties of breadfruit were carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University. Mineral investigation revealed the presence of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium in all tested varieties. A. altilis recorded highest contents of iron, phosphorus, potassium and sodium while highest contents of calcium (7.4\u00b10.00) andmagnesium (6.0\u00b10.00) were seen for A. camansi and T. africana respectively. Phytochemical screening showed that A.altilis had highest values (1.5\u00b10.00, 2.6\u00b10.00, 4.7\u00b10.00 and 5.0\u00b100) for oxalate, tannin, carotenoid and polyphenol respectively. T. africana recorded highest contents of phytate and lignan while highest concentrations of saponin and flavonoid were observed for A. camansi. Seven bacterial isolates were found to be associated with the four varieties of breadfruit and they include Proteus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp, Bacillus spp, Paenibacilliumspp, Streptococcus spp and Escherichia coli. Highest incidence of occurrence was observed for Bacillus spp while Paenibacilliumspp recorded least percentage incidence of 4.4. Generally, A. altilis contains more mineral and phytochemical contents than every other breadfruit variety investigated.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 42-46<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 04 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5093748992\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748992\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-61de4293 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61de4293\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74afab59 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74afab59\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a554408 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a554408\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wekhe O. E.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chuku, E. C.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jaja, E. T.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5093748993\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748993\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-30a1763e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"30a1763e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c2acfa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"79c2acfa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34116bea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34116bea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Morton, J.F. &amp; Miami, F.L. 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Chelation of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Fe(II) by tannin constituents of selected edible nuts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 10 (12): 5485\u201397.<br \/>[45] Adamczyk B., Simon J., Kitunen V., Adamczyk S. &amp;Smolander A. (2017). Tannins and Their Complex Interaction with Different Organic Nitrogen Compounds and Enzymes: Old Paradigms versus Recent Advance. Chemistry Open, 6 (5): 610\u2013614.<br \/>[46] Belyea, R. L. &amp; Ricketts, R. E. (1993). Forages for cattle: New methods of determining energy content and evaluating heat damage. University of Missouri Extension.http:\/\/extension.missouri.edu\/publications\/displayprinterFriendlyPub.aspx?P=G3150. Acceccd 9th august 2020.<br \/>[47] Ogbonna. O. A., Ikeyi, P.A. &amp;Uzoego, J. O. (2014). Isolation and identification of Bacteria Organisms that are associated with the Spoilage of African Breadfruit. International Journal of Current Microbiology and allied Sciences, 3(1): 613-619.<br \/>[48] [48]. Ajayi O. B &amp;Adebolu T. T (2013) Microbial contribution to spoilage of Africa breadfruit (Artocarpuscommunis, Forst) during storage. Food Science snd Nutrition, 1(3): 235-240.<br \/>[49] Buchanan, R. E. (2006). Bergys manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th edition. Williams and Willings Company: Balturiore.<br \/>[50] Hoton, F.M., Fornelos, N., Guessan, E. N., Hu, X. &amp;Swiecicka, I. (2009). Familyportrait of Bacillus cereus andBacillusweihenstephanensiscereulideproducingstrains. Environmental Microbiol. Rep., 1: 177-183.<br \/>[51] Okaka, J.C (1997). Tropical plant perishables, handling, storage and processing. 158pp.<br \/>[52] Somorin, Y.M., Bankole, M.O., Omemu, A.M. &amp;Atanda, O.O. (2011). Impact of milling on the Microbiological Quality of Yam flour in Southwestern Nigeria. ResearchJournal of Microbiology, 6: 480 \u2013 487.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5093748994\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748994\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-183dc835 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"183dc835\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1492670b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1492670b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21d6470d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21d6470d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wekhe O. E., Chuku, E. C. &amp; Jaja, E. T. &#8220;Assessment of Mineral, Phytochemical And Bacterial Flora of Four Varieties of Breadfruit&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.42-46 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/42-46.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5093748995\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5093748995\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c11b07 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c11b07\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67a34a2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67a34a2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61ed5f29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61ed5f29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Assessment of Mineral, Phytochemical And Bacterial Flora of Four Varieties of Breadfruit\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/42-46.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31520fc4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"31520fc4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2304b95e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2304b95e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f5bb02d elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"4f5bb02d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/47-51.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"The Impact of Mathematical Terminologies on the Understanding of Mathematics in Senior Secondary Schools in Yobe State.\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/47-51.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Impact of Mathematical Terminologies on the Understanding of Mathematics in Senior Secondary Schools in Yobe State.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-487c8e3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"487c8e3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Haruna Usman Idriss, Abubakar Aliyu, Shitu Lau-Lau Waziri, &amp; Jummai Adamu November 2020 Page No.: 47-51<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2303625c e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"2303625c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"587424348\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243481\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243481\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5874243481\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243482\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243482\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5874243482\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243483\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243483\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5874243483\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243484\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243484\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5874243484\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243485\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243485\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-5874243485\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5874243481\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243481\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-63cfe86 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63cfe86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-385ec9c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"385ec9c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-300911bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"300911bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The study examined the impact of mathematical terminologies on students understanding of mathematics in senior secondary schools in Yobe State. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The target population comprising all teachers of mathematics in the selected schools and some randomly selected students within the schools. The research questions were answered using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation). The population of the study was 3,522 participants comprising 48 principals and 3,474 Teachers of senior secondary schools within the three education zones of Yobe State. Based on the result there is a barrier between the students and the teachers in terms of the application of mathematical terminologies. Also the result shows that setting examination, question using mathematical terminologies is not a problem and not be the cause of mass failure in schools the study encourages teachers to increase the use of mathematical terms in setting examination questions. Another result shows that majority of the terminologies used are subtraction, multiplication and addition, complicating terminologies such as COSINE, TANGENT and SINE are commonly avoided and this is an indication that even the teachers are not well equipped with the knowledge of the terms making application vague. The result of the analysis contradicts the well-known beliefs that, the teachers are not giving much attention to the concepts of terminology in teaching and learning mathematics. The result from attempt to improve the use of the terms in schools shows that there is a need to organize workshop and conferences for teachers in order to equip them with the use of mathematical terminologies in teaching and learning process. Make a subject called mathematical terminologies at lower level of education and introduce to all schools, there should be special teachers for training students on the use of mathematical terminologies<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 47-51<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 07 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5874243482\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243482\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2b14b12e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b14b12e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7913fa51 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7913fa51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5785a254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5785a254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Haruna Usman Idriss<\/strong><br \/>Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua Yobe State Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar Aliyu<\/strong><br \/>Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua Yobe State Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shitu Lau-Lau Waziri<\/strong><br \/>Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua Yobe State Nigeria<\/li><li>\u00a0<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jummai Adamu<\/strong><br \/>Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua Yobe State Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5874243483\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243483\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-490731fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"490731fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b7aecb8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b7aecb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15ed8285 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15ed8285\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Gladys, N., &amp; Alex, S. (2019). Effect of Re-Entry Policy Implementation on Readmitted Girls\u2019 Academic Performance in Mathematics in Selected Secondary Schools of Mufulira District in Zambia. International Journal of Data Science and Analysis, 5(5), 73.<br \/>[2] Chinyama, N. (2020). An Investigation On The Implementation Of Using Silozi As Medium Of Instruction From Grades One To Four In Selected Primary Schools In Mongu District (Doctoral Dissertation, University Of Zambia).<br \/>[3] Bwalya, V. (2019). Democratisation of the Classroom: An Analysis of Teachers\u2019language Practices in Selected Multilingual Classrooms of Chibombo District (Doctoral Dissertation, the University Of Zambia).<br \/>[4] Mulenga, I. M. (2020). Teacher Education versus Teacher Training: Epistemic Practices and Appropriate Application of Both Terminologies. Journal of Lexicography and Terminology| Volume, 4(1).<br \/>[5] Benavides-Varela, S., Callegher, C. Z., Fagiolini, B., Leo, I., Alto\u00e8, G., &amp; Lucangeli, D. (2020). Effectiveness of Digital-Based Interventi Challenges of Teaching Mathematical Problem Solving Skills: A Case of Junior Schools in Kunene Rural-Farm Schools, Namibia (Doctoral Dissertation, University Of Namibia).<br \/>[6] Osman, A. A., Othman, A. A., &amp; Rahim, M. K. I. A. (2019). A Review of Lean Application in Manufacturing Environment: Definitions and Terminologies. Journal of Technology and Operations Management, 14(2), 28-45.<br \/>[7] Huai, C. S., &amp; Oo, W. W. (2020). the Influence of Mathematical Terminology on Students\u2019achievement at the High School Level.<br \/>[8] Jalil, M. A., &amp; Karami, M. J. H. A Critical Exploration of Some Fundamental Terms and Terminologies in Statistics.<br \/>[9] Salleh, T. S., Bakri, N., &amp; Zin, Z. M. (2016). The M-Learning Platform to Integrate Mathematics into Image Processing. Jset, 3(2), 71-74.<br \/>[10] Nkonde, E., Siluyele, N., Mweemba, M., Nkhata, L., Kaluba, G., &amp; Zulu, C. (2018). Evaluating The Impact Of Teaching And Learning Of Mathematics And Science Using Local Language (Language Of Play) In Primary Schools In Muchinga Province, Zambia, A Case Of Chinsali District. American Journal of Educational Research, 6(8), 1153-1163.<br \/>[11] Lin, F. L., Wang, T. Y., &amp; Yang, K. L. (2018). Description and Evaluation of a Large-Scale Project to Facilitate Student Engagement in Learning Mathematics. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 58, 178-186.<br \/>[12] Payal, M., Kaur, K., Sharma, T., Dixit, P., &amp; Bakliwal, R. (2018). An Overview to Programming Paradigm in Artificial Intelligence: Practical Approach and Terminologies Paradigm. Global Journal on Innovation, Opportunities and Challenges in Applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning [Issn: 2581-5156 (Online)], 2(2).<br \/>[13] Alkilany, A. (2017). The Impact Of The Use Of Active Learning Strategies In The Development Of Mathematical Thinking Among Students And The Trend Towards Mathematics. Journal of Educational and Practice, 8(36), 12-18<br \/>[14] Mogotsi, S. M., Garegae, K. G., &amp; Kesianye, S. K. Teachers And Students Views Pertaining To The Teaching And Learning Of School Geometry In Botswana Junior Secondary Schools.ional Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 3(12), 351-354.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5874243484\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243484\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-d9d4fe9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d9d4fe9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-396b8b88 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"396b8b88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bae1c21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3bae1c21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Haruna Usman Idriss, Abubakar Aliyu, Shitu Lau-Lau Waziri, &amp; Jummai Adamu, &#8220;The Impact of Mathematical Terminologies on the Understanding of Mathematics in Senior Secondary Schools in Yobe State.&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.47-51 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/47-51.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-5874243485\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-5874243485\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6b34ecfe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b34ecfe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44c87d54 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"44c87d54\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87c4f89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87c4f89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"The Impact of Mathematical Terminologies on the Understanding of Mathematics in Senior Secondary Schools in Yobe State.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/47-51.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-677f4245 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"677f4245\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45c148c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45c148c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-418823a3 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"418823a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/52-55.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Attitudes towards Mathematics as a Predictor of Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn Among High School Students in Laikipia County Kenya\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/52-55.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAttitudes towards Mathematics as a Predictor of Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn Among High School Students in Laikipia County Kenya\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fbff59a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6fbff59a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mbuthia Ngunjiri (PhD) November 2020 Page No.: 52-55<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f58a617 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"5f58a617\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1599645207\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452071\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452071\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15996452071\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452072\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452072\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15996452072\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452073\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452073\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15996452073\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452074\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452074\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15996452074\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452075\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452075\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15996452075\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15996452071\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452071\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-420a8a05 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"420a8a05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e896246 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e896246\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c9f662f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c9f662f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This study examined the influence of students\u2019 attitudes toward mathematics on motivation to learn mathematics among high school students in Laikipia County, Kenya. The study was guided by Keller\u2019s ARCS model of motivation. Descriptive survey research design was used in the study. The target population consisted of all 8357 Form Four students in Laikipia County. Simple random sampling was employed to select the sample schools, sample classes, and respondents. A sample of 392 students (i.e., 216 males and 176 females) was selected for the study using Krejcie and Morgan\u2019s table of sample sizes. A self- administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Cronbach\u2019s alpha was used to determine the reliability of research instruments. Motivation to learn (MTL) had a reliability coefficient of 0.95, while attitude toward mathematics (ATM) had a coefficient of 0.97. Data was analyzed using t-test and simple regression analysis. The results revealed that: (i) there is a significant gender difference in attitudes towards mathematics favoring male students, and (ii) students\u2019 attitudes had a significant influence on students\u2019 motivation to learn mathematics. The study concludes that: (i) mathematics teachers should put more effort to ensure that all students regardless of gender have similar attitudes toward mathematics and (ii) mathematics teachers should avoid negative attitude influence practices and also apply appropriate motivational techniques to improve students\u2019 motivation toward mathematics.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 52-55<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 08 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15996452072\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452072\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3ddea26c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ddea26c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65404981 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65404981\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1300b9e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1300b9e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mbuthia Ngunjiri (PhD),<\/strong><br \/>Laikipia University, Kenya.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15996452073\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452073\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-11907510 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11907510\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40597529 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"40597529\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e26cb7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e26cb7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Ajisukmo, C.R.P., &amp; Saputri, G.R. (2017). The influence of attitudes towards mathematics and metacognitive awareness on mathematics achievement. Creative Education, 8(3), 486.<br \/>[2] Bandura,A., Barbaranell; C., Caprara, G.V., &amp; Pastorelli,C.(2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as a shapers of children\u2019s aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 187-206.<br \/>[3] Biehler, R.F. &amp; Snowman, J.(1997). Psychology applied to teaching (8th Ed.). New Yolk: Houghton Mifflin company<br \/>[4] Brophy,J. (2004).Motivating students to learn. Mahwah NJ; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates<br \/>[5] Cockcroft, W.H. (1982). Mathematics counts: Report of the committee of inquiry into the teaching of mathematics in schools; London: HMSO.<br \/>[6] D\u2019amico,M.,Snowman,J. M. &amp; Schmid, R.F. (1997). Psychology applied to teaching (8th Ed.) Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.<br \/>[7] Eshun, B. (2004). Sex-differences in attitude of students toward mathematics in secondary schools. Mathematics Connection, 4(1), 1-13<br \/>[8] Huitt, W. (2001). Motivation to learn: An overview. Educational Psychology Interactive.Retrieved April 2020 from http:\/Chiron. Valdosta. Edu\/whuitt\/col\/motivation\/motivate.html<br \/>[9] Keller J.(1999). Motivation in cyber learning environment. International Journal of Educational Psychology,1(1), 7-30.<br \/>[10] Keller, J. (2006). Development of two measures of learner motivation (version 06022). Available from Jkeller@ arcsmo del.com.<br \/>[11] KIE (2002). Secondary school syllabus (V. II). Nairobi: Kenya Institute of Education.<br \/>[12] KNEC (2020). Kenya national examinational council statistics. Available from info@knec.ac.ke<br \/>[13] Krejcie, R.,&amp; Morgan, D. (1970).Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.<br \/>[14] Lefrancois, G.R. (1997). Psychology for teaching (9th Ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company.<br \/>[15] Ormrod, J.E. (2006). Educational Psychology: Developing learners 5th Ed.) New Jersey: Pearson Education Ltd.<br \/>[16] Mata, M.D., Monteiro, V., &amp; Peixoto, F. (2012). Attitude toward mathematics: Effects on individual, motivational, and social support factors. Child Development Research, 2012,-1-10<br \/>[17] Preckel, F., Goetz, T., Pekrun, R., &amp; Kleine, M. (2008). Gender differences in gifted and average ability students: Comparing girls and boys achievement, self-concept, interest and motivation in mathematics. Gifted Child Quarterly, 52(2), 146-159.<br \/>[18] Scafidi, T, &amp; Bui, K. (2010). Gender similarities in math performance from middle school through high school. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 37(3), 252-255.<br \/>[19] Stevens,T.,Wang,K.,Olivarez J. &amp; Hamman, D. (2007). Use of self-perspectives and their sourcesto predict the mathematics enrollment intentions of boys and girls. Sex roles, 56, 351-363<br \/>[20] Stipek, D. (1998). Motivation to learn: From theory to practice (3rd Ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.<br \/>[21] Tapia,M.&amp; Marsh, G.E.(2004). An instrument to measure mathematics attitudes. Academic Exchange Quarterly,8(2),16-21.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15996452074\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452074\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3ec0a276 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ec0a276\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50285a84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50285a84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ff9494 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ff9494\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mbuthia Ngunjiri (PhD), &#8220;Attitudes towards Mathematics as a Predictor of Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn Among High School Students in Laikipia County Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.52-55 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/52-55.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15996452075\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15996452075\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-632e6247 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"632e6247\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bd14c4d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3bd14c4d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-441f77ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"441f77ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Attitudes towards Mathematics as a Predictor of Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn Among High School Students in Laikipia County Kenya.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/52-55.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdc61cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cdc61cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4637c126 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4637c126\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-255667a8 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"255667a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/56-59.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Assessment of physicochemical parameters of some heavy metals; Lead Chromium, Copper, Zinc, and Iron in Borehole and hand dug - well water: A case study of Fika Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/56-59.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAssessment of physicochemical parameters of some heavy metals; Lead Chromium, Copper, Zinc, and Iron in Borehole and hand dug - well water: A case study of Fika Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adb267e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3adb267e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mustapha L.M, Lawan M.M, Usman A November 2020 Page No.: 56-59<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40f5f519 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"40f5f519\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1089860889\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608891\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608891\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-10898608891\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608892\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608892\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-10898608892\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608893\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608893\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-10898608893\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608894\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608894\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-10898608894\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608895\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608895\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-10898608895\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-10898608891\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608891\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-619e08be e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"619e08be\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4af1452a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4af1452a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c06a220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c06a220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This study aimed to determine the physicochemical parameters in some selected borehole and dug well water within Fika local government area, Yobe State. Ten (10) sample were collected, two (3) Borehole water and seven (7) Hand dug &#8211; well water from different locations and were cleaned in plastic container sealed and transported immediately to the laboratory for analysis. Heavy metals were analyzed using AAS (Atomic absorption spectrophotometer). From the experimental result it shows that the concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Fe in the samples all conformed to the requirement of WHO, NSDWQ and SON standards. But the concentration of cadmium (Cd) in all the samples exceeds the limit. The physical parameters such as pH, conductivity were conformed to be within the standard limit except turbidity which exceeds the limit in sample (DWC, DWD, DWE, BHF, DWH and DWJ). It is concluded that all the Hand dug well water samples are not absolutely good for drinking as stipulated by WHO. It is also recommended that the sources of borehole water required frequent treatment to meet the standard for portable drinking water. Therefore, people should use the Borehole water often than the hand &#8211; dug well water as regard to areas without doubt.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 56-59<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 08 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-10898608892\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608892\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1054cccd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1054cccd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f93bd43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f93bd43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21d09408 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21d09408\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mustapha L.M<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Yobe State University, Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lawan M.M<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Yobe State University, Nigeria.<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Usman A<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Yobe State University, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-10898608893\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608893\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1a60db92 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a60db92\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18aea114 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18aea114\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44f6d593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44f6d593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] APHA (1985): Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th edition.<br \/>[2] Lamikanra, A. (1999): Essential Microbiology for students and Practitioner of Pharmacy, Medicine and Microbiology, 2nd ed. Amkra books, Lagos. Pp 406 &#8211; 410.<br \/>[3] Lee, G.F., R.A. Jones and C. Ray, (1986) Sanitary landfill leachate recycle. Biocycle, 27: 36 \u2013 38.<br \/>[4] Longe E.O. and Balogun M.R.,(2010). Groundwater Quality Assessment near a Municipal Landfill, Lagos, Nigeria. Res. Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2(1): 39 \u2013 44.<br \/>[5] Mahmoud A. S., Fawzia H A., Cecil Wallac., Adetoun Aboaba, Wenluo Zhang, James H Nance (2008). Chemical, Microbial and Physical Evaluation of Commercial Bottled Waters in Greater Houston Area of Texas. Journal of science Health. Mar; 43(4):335-47.<br \/>[6] NSDWQ, (2007). Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality. Nigerian Industrial Standard NIS 554 Standard Organization of Nigeria, pp: 30.<br \/>[7] Obi C. L., Bessong P. O., Momba., M. N, Potgieter, N., Samie, A. and Igumbar, E.O. (2004): Profiles of antibiotics susceptibility of bacterial isolate and physicochemical quality of water supply in rural Venda communities, South Africa. Water S. A., 30(4): 515-519.<br \/>[8] Ogundiran, O.O and T. A. Afolabi, (2008). Assessment of the physicochemical parameters and heavy<br \/>[9] Ojo, O. A., Bakare, S. B and Babatunde, A. O. (2005): Microbial and chemical analysis of potable water in public-water supply within Lagos University, Ojo. African Journal of Infectious Diseases 1(I): 30-35.<br \/>[10] Oyeku O.M., Omowunmi O.J., Kupoluyi O.J., Kupoluyi C.F., Toye O.E. (2001): Wholesomeness studies of water produced and sold in plastic sachets (pure water) in Lagos metropolis. Nigeria Food Journal. (19), 63- 69.<br \/>[11] Oyelola, O. T. and Babatunde, A. I. (2008): Effect of municipal solid waste on the levels of heavy metals in Olusosun dumpsite soil, Lagos state, Nigeria. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2(1):17 &#8211; 21.<br \/>[12] Rand M.C., (1976) Standard method of the examination of water (4th edition) publication officer:American public Health Association Washington DC,20036<br \/>[13] SON, (2017) standard organization of Nigeria. Guideline on drinking water quality. Workshop on January 17 -18 Abuja workshop on 14 \u2013 15 February 2007 Lagos, approved on April 16,<br \/>[14] WHO, (2006). Guide line for drinking water quality 3rded, Vol 1.Recommendations. World Health Organization Geneva<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-10898608894\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608894\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-623a4e72 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"623a4e72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6754bea9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6754bea9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a3e944a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a3e944a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mustapha L.M, Lawan M.M, Usman A, &#8220;Assessment of physicochemical parameters of some heavy metals; Lead Chromium, Copper, Zinc, and Iron in Borehole and hand dug &#8211; well water: A case study of Fika Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.56-59 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/56-59.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-10898608895\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-10898608895\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-68ef65 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68ef65\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-172eddb0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"172eddb0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-457eb32d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"457eb32d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Assessment of physicochemical parameters of some heavy metals; Lead Chromium, Copper, Zinc, and Iron in Borehole and hand dug - well water: A case study of Fika Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/56-59.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-648eeae2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"648eeae2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96a7661 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96a7661\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42d89c86 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"42d89c86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/60-63.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"EU Quality Requirements For Vietnam Shrimp\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/60-63.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEU Quality Requirements For Vietnam Shrimp\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fe1c668 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fe1c668\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi November 2020 Page No.: 60-63<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46fb3a9e e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"46fb3a9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1190869662\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696621\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696621\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-11908696621\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696622\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696622\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-11908696622\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696623\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696623\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-11908696623\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696624\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696624\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-11908696624\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696625\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696625\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-11908696625\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-11908696621\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696621\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-3835c409 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3835c409\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d543fca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d543fca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32159383 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32159383\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Vietnam\u2019s fisheries industry includes production and export of shrimp, fish and other products (mollusk and cuttlefish), of which shrimp and fish products account for more than 70% in terms of volume and value, of which shrimp section accounts between 40-60% (VASEP, 2019). This paper focused on EU legislation concerning shrimp safety and quality. Firstly, the development of the current EU seafood safety perspective will be described. Then, the regulations and directives of shrimp products imported from the third countries will be analyzed. Lastly, the practices at border inspection posts for veterinary control was presented.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 60-63<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 08 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-11908696622\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696622\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-241192d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"241192d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38f28a78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38f28a78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-474f0e57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"474f0e57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi<\/strong><br \/>Department of Scientific Research Affairs, Can Tho University<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-11908696623\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696623\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-37801cc9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37801cc9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72817068 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"72817068\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b7b4323 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b7b4323\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Althoff, S.G, (2004), Chain quality information system: development of reference information model to improve transparency and quality management in pork netchains along the Dutch German border, Dynamics in chains and networks, Wageningen academic publishers, the Netherlands<br \/>[2] Bartie, K.L., Huys, G., Swings J., Oanh, D.T.H., Phuong, N.T., Shariff, M., Yusoff, F.M., Somsiri T., Chinabut, S., Bertone, S., Giacomini M. and Teale, A.J., (2005), The Asiaresist<br \/>[3] Project: A Study of Antimicrobial Resistance Associated with Asian Aqua-cultural Environments.<br \/>[4] Blaha, F., Gujadhur, S.K., and Ghizzoni, L., (2008), exporting seafood to the EU, Export quality, Bulletin No.84, UNCTAD\/WTO<br \/>[5] Centre for the Promotion of Imports from Developing Countries (CBI) (2019), EU strategic marketing guide for Fishery products, Rotterdam, the Netherlands<br \/>[6] Dalen, G. A., 1996, Assuring eating quality of meat. Meat Science, 43, 21\u201333.<br \/>[7] Knura, S. Gymnich, S. Rembialkowska, E. and Petersen, B. (2006), Agri-food production chain, In Safety in the Agri-Food Chain, Wageningen Academic Publishers, pp. 19-65<br \/>[8] Hoogland, J. P., Jellema, A., Jongen, W. M. F., 1998, Quality assurance systems, Innovation of food production systems: product quality and consumer acceptance, Wageningen Pers.<br \/>[9] Luning, P. A., Marcelis, W. J., &amp; Jongen, W. M. F., 2002, Food quality management: a techno-managerial approach, Wageningen Pers.<br \/>[10] Spiegel, V,D., 2004, Measuring effectiveness of food quality management, PhD thesis, Wageningen University<br \/>[11] Evans, J.R., Lindsay, W.M., (1996), The management and control of quality, St.Pual: West publishing company<br \/>[12] EU Rapid Alert System for food and feed (RASFF). (2018), Annual report on the functioning of the RASFF<br \/>[13] FAO (2012), General principals of food law in the European<br \/>[14] FVO (2017), Final report of a mission carried out in Vietnam in order to evaluate the control systems in place governing the production of fishery products intended for export to the European Union.<br \/>[15] Opara, L.U &amp; Mazaud, F., (2001), Food traceability from field to plate, Outlook on Agriculture, 239-247<br \/>[16] VASEP (2019), Report on Vietnam shimp sector 2015-2019<br \/>[17] Willems, S., Roth, E., van Roekel, J., (2005), Changing European public and private food safety and quality requirements, challenges for developing country fresh produce and fish exporters, European Union<br \/>[18] World bank (2015), Coastal Resources for Sustainable Development Project<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-11908696624\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696624\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-71a7451a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"71a7451a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33c45a73 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33c45a73\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65b5fb96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65b5fb96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi &#8220;EU Quality Requirements For Vietnam Shrimp&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.60-63 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/60-63.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-11908696625\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-11908696625\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-378d4363 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"378d4363\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c75e577 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c75e577\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35f99ff2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35f99ff2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\" EU Quality Requirements For Vietnam Shrimp\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/60-63.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eaed134 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1eaed134\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eb57433 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1eb57433\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-299193bb elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"299193bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/64-76.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Review of Different Methods and Topologies for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/64-76.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReview of Different Methods and Topologies for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22657fb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22657fb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>A. Srilatha, Dr. A. Pandian , Dr. P. Srinivasa Varma November 2020 Page No.: 64-76<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56cfdedf e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"56cfdedf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1456463583\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635831\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635831\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14564635831\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635832\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635832\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14564635832\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635833\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635833\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14564635833\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635834\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635834\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14564635834\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635835\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635835\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-14564635835\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14564635831\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635831\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-23f812c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23f812c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653c71dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"653c71dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-480a4b75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"480a4b75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>To encourage clean and green atmosphere and to decrease carbon emission, the Government of India aims for a country with 100 percent electric vehicle mobility by the year 2030. For a vast number of electric vehicles to be running on Indian roads, there is a need for fast charging stations and infrastructure. This paper presents different fast charging systems along with different power converter topologies for electric vehicles. To charge battery of electric vehicle, the safety and charging time of battery must be considered. lithium-ion battery in electric vehicles has advanced the need for new optimum charging methods to improve the speed and reliability of the charging process without weakening battery performance. Efforts have been employed to develop optimal charging strategies for commercial Li-ion batteries over the last decade. The active optimal charging strategies have great potential to meet the requirement.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 64-76<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 09 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14564635832\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635832\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-167af892 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"167af892\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-255bb711 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"255bb711\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a357698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a357698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>A. Srilatha<\/strong><br \/>Research Scholar, Electrical &amp; Electronics Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation (Deemed to be University)A.P, India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. A. Pandian<\/strong><br \/>Professor, Electrical &amp; Electronics Engineering,Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation((Deemed to be University) A.P, India<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. P. Srinivasa Varma,<\/strong><br \/>Associate Professor, Electrical &amp; Electronics Engineering,Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation (Deemed to be University) A.P, India<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14564635833\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635833\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3521c2d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3521c2d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ffe6fae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ffe6fae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dfa7f68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1dfa7f68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Varma M.P.C., Mohanta D.K., Kumar K.S.R., Sastry V.V., Sekhar O.C. 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Electron., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 641\u2013660,Jun. 2004.<br \/>[47] J. W. Kolar and T. Friedli, \u201cThe essence of three-phase PFC rectifier systems\u2014Part I,\u201d IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 1,pp. 176\u2013198, Jan. 2013.<br \/>[48] D. Aggeler, F. Canales, H. Zelaya-De La Parra, A. Coccia, N. Butcher,and O. Apeldoorn, \u201cUltra-fast DC-charge infrastructures for EVmobility and future smart grids,\u201d in Proc. IEEE PES Innov. Smart Grid Technol. Conf. Eur. (ISGT Eur.), Oct. 2010, pp. 1\u20138.<br \/>[49] T. Kang, C. Kim, Y. Suh, H. Park, B. Kang, and D. Kim, \u201cA design and control of bi-directional non-isolated DC-DC converter for rapid electric vehicle charging system,\u201d in Proc. 27th Annu. IEEE Appl.Power Electron. Conf. Expo. (APEC), Feb. 2012, pp. 14\u201321.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14564635834\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635834\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-19471055 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"19471055\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62a9e8dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"62a9e8dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2413cd5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2413cd5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>A. Srilatha, Dr. A. Pandian , Dr. P. Srinivasa Varma &#8220;Review of Different Methods and Topologies for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 10 November 2020, pp.64-76 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/64-76.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-14564635835\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-14564635835\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-21e2c63a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"21e2c63a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ba7faf0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ba7faf0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f70ab93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f70ab93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Review of Different Methods and Topologies for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles \" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/64-76.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43aee65b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"43aee65b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6881ff58 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6881ff58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d00e303 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6d00e303\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/77-80.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Fuzzy Analysis of Decision Making on Students\u2019 Choice of Programme in College of Education\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/77-80.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFuzzy Analysis of Decision Making on Students\u2019 Choice of Programme in College of Education\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb1d594 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cb1d594\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maxwell Seyram Kumah November 2020 Page No.: 77-80<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25deb7b1 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"25deb7b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"635353009\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530091\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530091\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-6353530091\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530092\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530092\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-6353530092\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530093\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530093\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-6353530093\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530094\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530094\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-6353530094\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530095\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530095\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-6353530095\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-6353530091\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530091\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-41da36c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41da36c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2573032f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2573032f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-457d732b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"457d732b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Fuzzy reasoning is based on fuzzy sets theory, where membership of a set by an entity is incremental instead of either a member or not a member. Fuzzy logic provides the control interval of real numbers between zero (False) and one (True) to establish logic as the base for inference rules. The fuzzed variant of the design philosophy case of this research rule of inference helps computers to make decisions using fuzzy reasoning instead of precision. This study adopts the use of Fuzzy Max \u2013 Min method, Minimization of regret method (FMMR) and ordered weighted averaging (OWA) in decision making problem under uncertainty.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 77-80<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 12 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p align=\"justify\"><strong>Computerization has definitely revolutionized the way banking is done these days. However, even today all banking transactions, especially, financial require our signatures to be authenticated. The identifiable side-effect of signatures is that they are vulnerable to forgery. In order to avoid misuse or manipulations on account of forged signatures the need for research in efficient automated solutions for signature recognition and verification has increased in recent years. A concrete system has to be developed which should not only be able to consider these factors but also detect various types of forgeries. Signature verification approaches using information technology can be categorized according to the acquisition of the data: On-line and Off-line. On-line data records the motion of the stylus while the signature is produced, and includes location, and possibly velocity, acceleration and pen pressure, as functions of time. Online systems could be used in real time applications like credit cards transaction or resource access. While off-Line signature verification systems take as input the 2-D image of a signature. Offline systems are useful in automatic verification of signatures found on bank checks and documents. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which has been modeled on human brain has been successfully used classifier in numerous fields. The present study focuses on detection of these forgeries using Support Vector Machine with Radial Basis Function (SVM \u2013 RBF) kernel. For evaluating our system\u2019s performance and to know the output unit response accuracy we have developed a classification\/confusion matrix and kept our performance goal based on mean square error. It was found that while ANN base system had an overall accuracy of 90% the accuracy of SVM \u2013RBF kernel was significantly higher at 95%.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 05-09<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 30 April 2016<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-6353530092\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530092\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-670e30c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"670e30c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a2815b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a2815b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7869047a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7869047a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maxwell Seyram Kumah<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mathematics &amp; ICT Education, St. Teresa\u2019s College of Education, Hohoe Box 129, Hohoe \u2013 Ghanaa<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-6353530093\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530093\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3bbacc1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3bbacc1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ac8fe8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ac8fe8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-434c9dfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"434c9dfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Ajibola, M. O., Emeghe, I. J., Oluwumi, A. O. &amp; Oni, A. S. (2017). A Study on Students\u2019 Choice of Programme in the University . Journal of Educational and Social Research MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy , Vol. 7 No.1 .<br \/>[2] Akyina, K. O., Oduro-Okyireh, G., &amp; Osei-Owusu, B. . (2014). Assessment of the Rationality of Senior High School students\u2019 Choices of Academic Programmes in Kwabre East District of Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice, (5)28.<br \/>[3] Alika, I. H. (2010). Parental and peer group influence as correlates of career choice in humanities among secondary school students in Edo State, Nigeria. . Journal of Research in Education and Society, 1(1), 1-8.<br \/>[4] Brownsom, M. (2014). Parental Influence on Career Choice of Secondary School Children in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State. Journal of Home Economics Research, 20(1), 89-99. .<br \/>[5] Clutter, C. (2010). The Effects Of Parental Influence On Their Children\u2018S Career Choices. Masters Thesis, https:\/\/krex.k-state.edu\/dspace\/bitstream\/handle\/2097\/3951\/ChanceClutter2010.pdf?sequence=3.<br \/>[6] Eremie, M. D. (2014). Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Career Choices among Senior Secondary School Students in Rivers State, Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter), 4(4), 20-25.<br \/>[7] Igbinedion, V. I. (2011). Perception of Factors that Influence Students\u2019 Vocational Choice of Secretarial Studies in Tertiary Institutions in Edo State of Nigeria. Edo State of Nigeria. European Journal of Educational Studies, 3(2), 325-337. .<br \/>[8] Kumar, S. (2016). Career Choice And College Students: Parental Influence on Career Choice Traditionalism among College Students in Selected Cities in Ethiopia. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 3 (3), 23-30.<br \/>[9] Ogunlade, J.O &amp; Akeredolu, S.A. . (2012). Influence of counselling on career preference among secondary school students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. 4(3), 26-30. .<br \/>[10] Olaosebikan, O. I. &amp; Olusakin, A. . (2014). Effects of Parental Influence on Adolescents\u2019 Career Choice in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Research &amp; Method in Education, 4(4), 44-57. .<br \/>[11] Siddique, M. (2009). Fuzzy Decision Making Using Max-Min Method and Minimization Of Regret Method(MMR). Blekinge Institute of Technology: Masters Thesis\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-6353530094\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530094\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6183f16c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6183f16c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7890772f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7890772f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45b27972 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45b27972\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maxwell Seyram Kumah, &#8220;Fuzzy Analysis of Decision Making on Students\u2019 Choice of Programme in College of Education&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.77-80 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/77-80.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-6353530095\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-6353530095\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-49b0fd93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"49b0fd93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5027292e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5027292e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c5b2892 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c5b2892\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Fuzzy Analysis of Decision Making on Students\u2019 Choice of Programme in College of Education\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/77-80.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6de398be e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6de398be\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76941b49 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"76941b49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40ec73d1 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"40ec73d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/81-86.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Public Health Implication of Sand Fly Infestation in Ozuaha Community Ikwerre Local Government Area\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/81-86.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPublic Health Implication of Sand Fly Infestation in Ozuaha Community Ikwerre Local Government Area\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6acab961 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6acab961\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vivian K. Kpugi, Aaron, Imaemugh R.I, Ogbuehi, Desmond, Emmanuel, C. Sucess, Dike, Blessed O.P November 2020 Page No.: 81-86<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-314b8afd e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"314b8afd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"827034365\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343651\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343651\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-8270343651\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343652\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343652\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-8270343652\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343653\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343653\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-8270343653\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343654\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343654\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-8270343654\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343655\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343655\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-8270343655\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-8270343651\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343651\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-1a3fc693 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a3fc693\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a2ca588 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a2ca588\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117de2d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"117de2d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This study was carried out to find out the \u201cPublic Health Implication of Sand Fly Infestation in Ozuaha Community Ikwerre Local Government Area in Ikwerre Local Government Area. The objectives of this study was to determine the actual presence of the sand flies, to identify the group of individual that are mainly affected, to identify the various health effects of the sand flies in the community in Ozuaha Community Ikwerre Local Government Area Rivers State. A non-probability sampling method was used as the sampling technique and descriptive survey was used as design. Data was collected by the use of questionnaire and was self-administered to the respondents. The target population was two hundred and forty (240) and the research sampled all. The findings state that the use of mosquito coils, wearing of long sleeves shirts, use of ceiling fans, blocking of openings are known preventive meassures. Conclusion was drawn after the findings that the measures used in the control of sand flies in Ozuaha community are inadequate to totally solve the problem. That the awareness of the control measures in Ozuaha community is lacking, ignorance, social status and cultural insensitivity persist in the community. Recommendation were made that monthly environmental sanitation exercise should be carried out or enforced in Ozuaha community. The government should subscribe and provides the appropriate drugs required to treat sand fly fever in Ozuaha community. Finally, the government and health workers should carryout awareness \/ enlightenment campaign on sand flies control programs in Ozuaha community.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 81-86<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 14 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-8270343652\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343652\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-77b9ba96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77b9ba96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3907bab4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3907bab4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d991e17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d991e17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vivian K. Kpugi<\/strong><br \/>School of Environmental Health Technology, Rivers State College Of Health Science and Management Technology, Portharcourt Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aaron, Imaemugh R.I<\/strong><br \/>School of Environmental Health Technology, Rivers State College Of Health Science and Management Technology, Portharcourt Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbuehi, Desmond<\/strong><br \/>School of Environmental Health Technology, Rivers State College Of Health Science and Management Technology, Portharcourt Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel, C. Success<\/strong><br \/>School of Environmental Health Technology, Rivers State College Of Health Science and Management Technology, Portharcourt Nigeria<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dike, Blessed O.P<\/strong><br \/>School of Medical Imaging Technology, Rivers state college of health science and Management Technology, Portharcourt, Nigeria<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-8270343653\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343653\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-453f9d5b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"453f9d5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bdd1783 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bdd1783\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e835b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e835b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Adeleke MA: Bioecology, (2010). Characterization and transmission indices of Simulium damnosum Theobald complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) along Osun River, Southwestern Nigeria. PhD Thesis., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, 218.<br \/>[2] Alexander B, Barros VC, De Souza SF, Barros SS, Teodoro LP, Soares ZR, et al. Susceptibility to chemical insecticides of two Brazilian populations of the visceral leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae). Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14:1272\u20137.<br \/>[3] Ashfored (2001).Susceptibility status of wild population of Phlebotomus sergenti (Diptera: Psychodidae) to different imagicides in a endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeast of Iran. J Vector Borne Dis.;54:282\u20136.<br \/>[4] Bray DP, Alves GB, Dorval ME, Brazil RP, Hamilton JGC. Synthetic sex pheromone attracts the leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to experimental chicken sheds treated with insecticide. Parasit Vectors. 3:16.<br \/>[5] Chidinma A. Ikpeama ( 2018) Bionomics of Sandflies (Diptera; Psycodidae) in Some Remote Communities inEzinihitte<br \/>[6] Davies CR, Llanos-Cuentas EA, Campos P, Monge J, Leon E, Canales J. Spraying residents houses in the Peruvian Andes with lambda-cyhalothrin against cutaneous leishmaniasis protects. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 000;94:631\u20136.<br \/>[7] Dibo M.R. (2016). An experimental study of the peridomestic distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae). Bull Entomol Res.;84:379\u201382.<br \/><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-8270343654\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343654\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-247346fa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"247346fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fd3fea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"10fd3fea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18bf3dc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18bf3dc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vivian K. Kpugi, Aaron, Imaemugh R.I, Ogbuehi, Desmond, Emmanuel, C. Sucess, &#8220;Public Health Implication of Sand Fly Infestation in Ozuaha Community Ikwerre Local Government Area&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.81-86 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/81-86.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-8270343655\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-8270343655\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7b87a999 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b87a999\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62c7ea8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"62c7ea8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc99e94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dc99e94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Public Health Implication of Sand Fly Infestation in Ozuaha Community Ikwerre Local Government Area\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/81-86.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17ee8e9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"17ee8e9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34f1039c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"34f1039c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93043 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"93043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/87-91.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Design and Implementation Vehicle Tracking System Using GSM and GPS\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/87-91.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDesign and Implementation Vehicle Tracking System Using GSM and GPS\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14ed3572 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14ed3572\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ugwu Nnaemeka Virginus, Okafor, Loveth Ijeoma, Ikechukwu Onyekachukwu, Agbo, Jonathan Chukwunwike, Uzoigwe Charles Ikechukwu, Anyaorah Chukwuka Charles, Udechukwu Precious Emeka, Jonah Jane, Obi Adaobi Maria November 2020 Page No.: 87-91<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-331bc9ea e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"331bc9ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"857459178\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591781\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591781\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-8574591781\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591782\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591782\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-8574591782\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591783\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591783\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-8574591783\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591784\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591784\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-8574591784\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591785\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591785\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-8574591785\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-8574591781\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591781\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-68ee8238 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68ee8238\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-327491a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"327491a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ff32161 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ff32161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This paper presents a Vehicle Theft Alert and area ID arrangement utilizing GSM and GPS innovations. The point is to plan a framework that can trigger a SMS ready capacity that can make mindfulness for vehicle proprietors to assist them with checkmating unapproved faculty exercises on the vehicle and an area ID highlight utilizing GSM and GPS is additionally accessible to distinguish unapproved drivers and tos recover lost or taken vehicles. The framework utilizes a mystery button for verification of the driver. The mystery button is associated and modified so that when the motor is turned over, a forty seconds window is given to the driver to validate by squeezing the mystery button, except if the SMS alert is shipped off the proprietor&#8217;s cell phone. Because of absence of vehicle security in the general public, the issue of vehicle robbery has expanded immensely, so the improvement of this framework will help tackle the issue of Auto burglary in the nation all in all. The ready framework is plan in a manner where a SMS is shipped off the cell phone of the proprietor which is enrolled on the framework as start happens. In this framework, GPS innovation is likewise used to get the continuous area following of the vehicle. The area can be seen by means of a web application produced for the framework. The decided directions of the vehicle can be utilized by security offices to follow and recover the specific vehicle. The usage of the introduced versatile application was finished utilizing JAVA programming language, while PHP and MySQL were utilized for the web application capacities. To accomplish such a framework, the significant segments utilized incorporate a GSM modem, GPS module, and a microcontroller (Arduino uno). The execution of this framework will no uncertainty be compelling in the general public, diminishing vehicle robbery wrongdoing and recovery paces of taken vehicles will increment in no uncertainty.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 87-91<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 16 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-8574591782\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591782\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4410d0c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4410d0c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53101f82 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"53101f82\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ed9e25a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ed9e25a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ugwu Nnaemeka Virginus<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okafor, Loveth Ijeoma<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ikechukwu Onyekachukwu<\/strong><br \/>Department of public administration and health service management, University of Ghana business school.<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Agbo, Jonathan Chukwunwike<\/strong><br \/>University of Kairouan, Tunisia<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uzoigwe Charles Ikechukwu<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anyaorah Chukwuka Charles<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, Federal College of Education Eha-Amufu<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Udechukwu Precious Emeka<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jonah Jane<\/strong><br \/>Department of Phychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obi Adaobi Maria<\/strong><br \/>Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-8574591783\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591783\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6c5495c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c5495c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cbc8719 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2cbc8719\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b8ee168 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b8ee168\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] John Kenny, Richard Hollander,\u201d Rental Store Management System\u201d United States Patent Application Publication, 2002<br \/>[2] Inventor: Jonathan D, Strong, Rittman, \u201cAutomated Vehicle Return System\u201d United States Patent Application Publication, 1999.<br \/>[3] Albert A. and Ezhilarasie R., \u201cCloud Computing Based Vehicle Tracking Information Systems\u201d International Journal of Computer Science and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 1, March 2011<br \/>[4] Kumar, C. R, Vijayalakshmi, B., Ramesh, C., &amp; Pandian, S.C. (2013). Vehicle Theft Alarm and Tracking the Location using RFID and GPS. Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering (IJETAE), 3 (12), 525 \u2013 528<br \/>[5] Madhuri U. et al., \u201cRemote Vehicle Tracking &amp; Driver Health Monitoring System Using GSM Modem &amp; Google Maps\u201d, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (3), pp. 2828-2832, 2014.<br \/>[6] Pravada P. W. and Dahad S. O, \u201cReal Time Vehicle Locking and Tracking System using GSM and GPS Technology-An Anti-theft System\u201d International Journal of Technology and Engineering System (IJTES): Vol.2. No.3, Jan \u2013March 2011<br \/>[7] Yuvraj, K., Suraj, G., Shravan, G., &amp; Ajinkya, K. (2014). Multi-Tracking System for Vehicle using GPS and GSM. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IJRET), 3 (03), 127 \u2013 130.<br \/>[8] Choudhury A. Rahman, Wael Badawy,Ahmad Rad-manesh A Real Time Vehicle.s License Plate Recognition System Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance,0- 7695-1971.June 2010.<br \/>[9] Banshidhar Majhi Heuristics for license plate localization and hardware implementation of Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systemDepartment of Computer Science and Engg, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 2012.<br \/><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-8574591784\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591784\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6ab658e1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ab658e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0d4627 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0d4627\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-571a25a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"571a25a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ugwu Nnaemeka Virginus, Okafor, Loveth Ijeoma, Ikechukwu Onyekachukwu, Agbo, Jonathan Chukwunwike, Uzoigwe Charles Ikechukwu, Anyaorah Chukwuka Charles, Udechukwu Precious Emeka, Jonah Jane, Obi Adaobi Maria &#8220;Design and Implementation Vehicle Tracking System Using GSM and GPS&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.87-91 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/87-91.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-8574591785\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-8574591785\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3ffde5cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ffde5cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73e5a3dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73e5a3dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d236f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d236f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"Design and Implementation Vehicle Tracking System Using GSM and GPS\n\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/87-91.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ce0688a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7ce0688a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52b4549c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"52b4549c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cb5c4d9 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1cb5c4d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/92-97.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"The Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Education in Teaching Mathematics among Senior Secondary Schools in Yobe State\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/92-97.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Education in Teaching Mathematics among Senior Secondary Schools in Yobe State\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c2f0bf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c2f0bf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sunusi Shettima, Gambo Kawe Ibrahim, Luka Yelwa Barde &amp; Bukar Salisu Yaya November 2020 Page No.: 92-97<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cc55b74 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"2cc55b74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"751131508\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315081\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315081\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7511315081\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315082\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315082\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7511315082\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315083\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315083\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7511315083\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315084\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315084\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7511315084\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315085\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315085\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-7511315085\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7511315081\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315081\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-3b07f3a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b07f3a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f0d104d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f0d104d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35359f21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35359f21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This research aim to reveal the difference exist between the use of traditional method and computer base instruction in teaching basic mathematics in senior secondary schools in Yobe state where three schools were selected randomly. The survey was conducted using interview and continue assessment test. Interview was conducted among the respondents and responses were obtainedfrom all selected schools and the result revealed that all the respondents agree that teaching mathematics using computer base instruction is more understanding for both the teachers and the students. The test achievement of students; performance corded into SPSS 22 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-Test and the result revealed that all selected secondary schools shows that base on the frequencies\/ percentages, the scores of the students; performance using computer base is higher than that of traditional method and the T-Test shows that there difference exists between the two methods of teaching mathematics.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 92-97<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 23 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7511315082\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315082\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3bd6d60 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3bd6d60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-145c1b11 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"145c1b11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-499b0ca9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"499b0ca9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sunusi Shettima<\/strong><br \/>Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua Yobe State, NIGERIA<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gambo Kawe Ibrahim<\/strong><br \/>Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua Yobe State, NIGERIA<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Luka Yelwa Barde<\/strong><br \/>Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua Yobe State, NIGERIA<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bukar Salisu Yaya<\/strong><br \/>Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua Yobe State, NIGERIA<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7511315083\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315083\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5a5aff42 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a5aff42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71b172af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"71b172af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36c115d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36c115d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Bai. H Pan W., Hirumi A and Kebritchi M. (2012). Assessing the Effectiveness of a 3-D insteuctional game in improving mathematics achievement and motivation of middle school students, British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(6), 993-1003<br \/>[2] Eric Atta (2015). Impact of Computer Based Instruction (CBI) on Students\u2019 Performance in Mathematics: University of Cape Coast: Digitized by UCC, Library [Online: eeb73575efa6db35bc436f89af00aaf7e.pdf].<br \/>[3] Gross T. J., and Dugon G. (2013). Evaluation of Computer-assisted instruction for math accuracy intervention. Journal of Applied School Psychology. 29(3). 246-261. Doi:10.1080\/15377903.213.810127.<br \/>[4] Happen J. (2012). Broadening access to algebra: the impact of eighth graders taking on online course [research brief]. National Center for Education and Regional Assistance.<br \/>[5] Joseph B. (2014). The Effectiveness of Computer-Aided Instruction on Math Fact Flunecy [Online]\/hhttps:\/\/scholarworks.waldene.edu\/dissertation.<br \/>[6] JyotiBhalla (2013). Computer Use by School Teachers in Teaching-Learning Process: Journal of Education and Training Studies. Vol. 1, No. 2; Published by Redfame Publishing URL.: http\/\/jets.redfame.com<br \/>[7] Kristof De W., Carla Haelermans and Nickly R. (2014). The effectiveness of a computer-assisted math learning program: Journal of computer-assisted learning. ResearchGate: [Online]\/https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/268821207.<br \/>[8] Olga Pilli (2008). The effect of Computer-Assisted Instruction on the Achievement, Attitude and Retention of Fourth grade Mathematics Course: middleEast Technical University [Online].<br \/>[9] Satsangi R. and Bouck E. C. (2015). Uisng virtual manipulative instruction to teach the concepts of area and perimeter to secondary students with learning disabilities. Learning disability Quarterly, 38(3). 174-186. Doi: 10.1177\/0731948714550101 Online<br \/>[10] Sherry L. Stultz (2013). The Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction for Teaching Mathematics to students with specific Learning Disability: Journal of Specific Education Apprenticeship: Morehead State University Volume 2\/No. 2: Article 7. [Online]<br \/>[11] Zenel A. and Koschmann T. (2013). Recalibrating reference within a dual-space interaction environment. International Journal of Computer Supported Collaboration Learning. [online].<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7511315084\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315084\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-24227be4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"24227be4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15028f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15028f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60c9af0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60c9af0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sunusi Shettima, Gambo Kawe Ibrahim, Luka Yelwa Barde &amp; Bukar Salisu Yaya &#8220;The Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Education in Teaching Mathematics among Senior Secondary Schools in Yobe State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 11 November 2020, pp.92-97 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/92-97.pdf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-7511315085\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-7511315085\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-45f493b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45f493b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57cc8702 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57cc8702\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e248457 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e248457\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>For Full Text Click here<\/strong><br \/><a title=\"The Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Education in Teaching Mathematics among Senior Secondary Schools in Yobe State\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&amp;Issue11\/92-97.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/digital-library\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf download\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39a96e2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"39a96e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-431ae1b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"431ae1b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51d4c6c3 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"51d4c6c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/98-105.pdf\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Source Identification and Characterization of Organic Contaminants in Sediment and Periwinkle (Littorina Littorea) From Okujagu River\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-pen-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/Vol.5&#038;Issue11\/98-105.pdf\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSource Identification and Characterization of Organic Contaminants in Sediment and Periwinkle (Littorina Littorea) From Okujagu River\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ad16d22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ad16d22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tamunobelema, C. I, Kpee, F. and Nna, P.J. November 2020 Page No.: 98-105<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc48086 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"5dc48086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"1573159046\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590461\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590461\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15731590461\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbstract\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590462\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590462\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15731590462\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590463\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590463\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15731590463\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tReferences\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590464\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590464\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15731590464\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCite\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590465\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590465\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-15731590465\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFull Text &amp; Share\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15731590461\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590461\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf462 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5eaf462\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55110675 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55110675\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ef60a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ef60a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\"><strong>The research identifies the sources and characterizes the concentrations of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment and Littorina Littorea from Okujagu River. Samples were evaluatedutilizing n-alkanes, 14 PAHs and Gas chromatography Mass spectrometer (GC-MS) ranging from C17 to C32 were identified and quantified. Total PAH and n-alkane dosage for both samples ranged from 2.38 to 2.48mg\/kg and 0.36 to 3.127mg\/kg respectively. The sources were examinedutilizing PAH diagnostic ratios and n-alkane indexes. n-alkanes were characterized by carbon preference index (CPI), n-alkane proxy (Paq), Carbon maximum (Cmax), and the ratio of long chain hydrocarbons to short chain hydrocarbons (LHC\/SHC). PAH diagnostic ratios such as Phenanthrene to Anthracene (Ph\/An), Fluoranthene to Pyrene (Fl\/Py), Ant\/(Ant+Ph), Fl\/(Fl+Py) and the ratio of lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs to higher molecular weight (HMW) PAHs (LMW\/HMW) were calculated to evaluate both petrogenic and pyrogenic (pyrolytic) PAHs. From the results, the diagnostic ratio of (Fl\/Py) for sediment was 40 (&gt;1) indicating PAHs origin from pyrolytic source while Fl\/Py ratio of the Littorina Littorea sample was 0.25(&lt;1) indicating petrogenic source. The (Ph\/An) ratio for sediment and Littorina Littorea were 3.5(&lt;10) and 0.008(&lt;1) respectively implying that the PAHs are source from combustion processes (pyrolytic). Also, the ratio of Ant\/(Ant+Ph) was 0.22 (&gt;0.1) for sediment and 0.99 (&gt;0.1) for Litorina Littorea indicating PAHs origin from pyrogenic(pyrolytic) sources. While the ratio of Fl\/(Fl+Py) was 0.98 (&gt;0.4) for sediment suggesting PAH origin from pyrogenic(pyrolytic) source and 0.2 (&lt;0.4) for Littorina Littorea indicating PAHs origin from petrogenic sources. The ratio of (LMW\/HMW) PAHs was calculated to be 2.42 (&gt;1) for sediment and 24.608 (&gt;1) for Littorina Littorea indicating PAHs origin from petrogenic sources. According to the diagnostic ratios used in this study, the PAHs in the sediment and Littorina Littorea samples originate from both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources. The study recommends that the disposal of waste, effluent discharges from industries and chemical release through agricultural activities into the marine ecosystem should be regulated as to control the contaminants in the system.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i><strong>\u00a0Page(s): 98-105<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6\"><ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Date of Publication: 24 December 2020<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15731590462\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590462\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6464795a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6464795a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61507dc4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61507dc4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-576e11d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"576e11d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"icons-list\"><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tamunobelema, C. I<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kpee, F.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.<\/li><li><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nna, P.J.<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-15731590463\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-15731590463\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9c82744 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9c82744\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6875a101 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6875a101\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b273f54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b273f54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>[1] Ahmed, E. 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