{"id":7502,"date":"2021-09-03T06:03:30","date_gmt":"2021-09-03T06:03:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/?page_id=7502"},"modified":"2021-09-27T06:11:22","modified_gmt":"2021-09-27T06:11:22","slug":"volume-vi-issue-viii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/archive\/volume-vi-issue-viii\/","title":{"rendered":"volume VI issue VIII"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7502\" class=\"elementor elementor-7502 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aa7cd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aa7cd1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aa8028\" data-id=\"5aa8028\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa8212 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa8212\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Collaborative Teaching on Secondary School Students\u2019 Achievement in and Attitude towards Mathematics<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sabainah Oyebola Akinoso, Festus Oladimeji Olafare, Zainab Bolaji Oye-Akinoso &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 01-05<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aa82ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aa82ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aa8536\" data-id=\"5aa8536\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa86e9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5aa86e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9501\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9502\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9502\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9503\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9503\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9504\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9504\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9505\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9505\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9506\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9506\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9501\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The effect of collaborative strategy on secondary school student&#8217;s academic achievement and attitude towards mathematics in Lagos state was investigated in this study. It was an experimental study, and the design was pre-test, control group quasi-experimental. All secondary schools in educational district II picked randomly from six educational districts in Lagos state constitute the population for the study. The selection of two local government areas was done with simple random, one school was selected from each local government using random sampling, and one intact class of junior secondary school II selected from the two schools represents the study sample. The sample size was 60 junior secondary school II students. The instruments used for collecting data are Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) and Students Mathematics Attitude Questionnaire (SMAQ). The instruments were validated, trial-tested. The reliability coefficients of the two instruments were 0.88 and 0.89 respectively. Analysis of Covariance was used to analyse the collected data and to measure the two stated null hypotheses. From the results of the study, the effect of the treatment is not significant on student achievement in mathematics but, a significant difference exists in students\u2019 attitude to mathematics with the use of collaborative strategy. Mathematics teachers should ensure proper enhancement of collaborative strategy with thorough monitoring of the students in different groups while teaching mathematics.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-05\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6801<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9502\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9502\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9502\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sabainah Oyebola Akinoso <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Education, Department of Science and Technology Education, University of Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Festus Oladimeji Olafare <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Education, Department of Science and Technology Education, University of Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zainab Bolaji Oye-Akinoso <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geoscience, Faculty of Art and Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9503\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9503\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9503\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Akinoso, S. O. (2017). Information communication technology and collaborative skills on students with learning difficulties in mathematics,1-65. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.\r\n[2] Bii, K. J. (2019). Effect of collaborative concept mapping teaching strategy on students\u2019 attitudes towards mathematics in secondary schools in Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research, 7 (7) 57-74\r\n[3] Busari, A. O. &amp; Akinoso S. O. (2020). Mathematics Anxiety and Personality Characteristics of Secondary Schools Students in Lagos State. Journal of Positive Psychology and Counselling 6, 12-23.\r\n[4] Firestone, M. (2006). Collaborative skill: Definition and explanation. http:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/collaborative-skills-definition-lesson-quiz.html\r\n[5] Fonseka J.R. (2012). Students\u2019 attitude towards math learning. In Seel N.M. (eds.) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. Available from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-\/-4419-1428-6_1078\r\n[6] Galton, M., Hargreaves, L., &amp; Pell, T. (2009). Group work and whole-class teaching with 11-14 years old compared. Cambridge Journal of Education. 39 (1), 119-140. www.eric.ed.gov\r\n[7] Ifamuyiwa, S. A. &amp; M. K. Akinsola, (2008). Improving secondary school student\u2019s attitude towards mathematics through self and cooperative instructional strategies. International Journal of Mathematics Education Science Technology, 39: 569-585.\r\nDOI: 10.1080\/00207390801986874\r\n[8] Kennedy, L. (2019, September 30). How attitude towards math impacts student achievement [Blog post]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.prodigygame.com\/main.en\/blog\/attitude-towards-math\/\r\n[9] Khaoo, S. T., Ainley, J. (2005). Attitudes, intentions, and participation: Longitudinal survey of Australian youth. Victoria: Australian Council for Educational Research.\r\n[10] Olanrewaju, M. K. (2019). Effect of collaborative learning technique and mathematics anxiety on mathematics learning achievement among secondary school students in Gombe State, Nigeria. Legacy University, the Gambia, pp 1-12.\r\n[11] Stoner, D. A. (2004). The effect of cooperative learning strategies on mathematics achievement among middle-grades students: A meta: analysis. The doctoral dissertation of the University of Georgia.\r\n[12] Thayer-Bacon, B. J. (2000). Transforming critical thinking: Thinking constructively. New York: Teachers college press.\r\n[13] Tapia, M., &amp; Marsh, G. E. II. (2004). An instrument to measure mathematics attitudes. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 8(2), 16-21.\r\n[14] Tarim, K. &amp; Akdeniz, F. (2008), The effects of cooperative learning on Turkish elementary students\u2019 mathematics achievement and attitude towards mathematics using TAI and STAD methods. Educ. Stud. Math., 67: 77-91\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9504\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9504\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9504\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sabainah Oyebola Akinoso, Festus Oladimeji Olafare, Zainab Bolaji Oye-Akinoso, &#8220;Effect of Collaborative Teaching on Secondary School Students\u2019 Achievement in and Attitude towards Mathematics&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.01-05 August 2021\u00a0DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6801<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9505\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9505\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9505\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/01-05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9506\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9506\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9506\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-collaborative-teaching-on-secondary-school-students-achievement-in-and-attitude-towards-mathematics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Collaborative Teaching on Secondary School Students\u2019 Achievement in and Attitude towards Mathematics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9ab1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5aa9ab1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9bde elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aa9bde\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9e15\" data-id=\"5aa9e15\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9fa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9fa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aaa07f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aaa07f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aaa259\" data-id=\"5aaa259\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aaa3d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aaa3d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aaa4a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aaa4a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aaa674\" data-id=\"5aaa674\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aaa7f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aaa7f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aaa8c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aaa8c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aaaa86\" data-id=\"5aaaa86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aaac08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aaac08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aaaccc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aaaccc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aaae8e\" data-id=\"5aaae8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aab00d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aab00d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aab0cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aab0cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aab2b2\" data-id=\"5aab2b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aadfc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aadfc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis Implementation Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK) Values in University Subjects (Case Study: Industrial Engineering Study Program FT-UMJ) <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mutmainah, Didi Sunardi, Annisa Mulia Rani &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 06-11<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aae106 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aae106\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aae36c\" data-id=\"5aae36c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aae59c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5aae59c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9501\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9502\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9502\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9503\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9503\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9504\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9504\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9505\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9505\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9506\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9506\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9501\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Internalization of AIK is also a Quality Target and Quality Standard of the Learning Process at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta (FT-UMJ.) The objectives of this research are 1) to map the implementation of the Internalization of AIK implementation in the subjects taught at the IT-FTUMJ Study Program, 2) to identify problems and obstacles experienced in carrying out the internalization of AIK values in courses, 3) Recommending proposed strategies in their implementation.\r\nThe research method is a descriptive, qualitative method, with a case study. Data collection techniques are documents and interviews. The informants in this study were 11 (eleven) permanent lecturers at the Faculty of Engineering who taught 46 core courses. The documents seen are the IT Study Program Vision, Semester Learning Plans (RPS), Teaching Assignments and Quality Goals.\r\nThe results showed that only 4 courses included AIK material in the RPS or 8.6% of 46 courses. The results of the interview show that not all lecturers understand the Internalization of AIK, which has been given so far to the extent of Islamic values regarding behavior. Rules \/ Decree of the Chancellor regarding the Internalization of AIK, have never seen but have heard of an appeal or order from the leadership, Internalization of AIK in courses is very important to be included in the RPS so that it becomes the difference between RPS at UMJ and other universities and as an indicator of the achievement of the vision of the IT study program in Islamic aspect. The obstacles experienced by lecturers are due to the limited religious knowledge possessed by lecturers to examine AIK values related to courses. Recommendations in this study are to encourage leaders to issue policies or rules regarding the obligation to carry out AIK Internalization in courses listed in the RPS, make written guidelines and rules regarding technical implementation, conduct socialization to lecturers, provide assistance and guidance to lecturers, conduct monitoring &amp; evaluation and Follow-up Improvements, so that it is a continuous process (continuous improvement).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 06-11\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6802\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6802<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9502\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9502\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9502\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mutmainah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Didi Sunardi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Annisa Mulia Rani<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9503\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9503\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9503\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] B. Tamam, R. Al-Adawiyah, and A. Muadin, \u201cInternalisasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Pembelajaran Pelajaran Al-Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Sumenep Madura Jawa Timur,\u201d FENOMENA, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 67, 2017, doi: 10.21093\/fj.v9i1.805.\r\n[2] Faridi, \u201cPERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP MATA KULIAH AL ISLAM DAN KEMUHAMMADIYAHAN (AIK)\u202f: INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI AIK BAGI MAHASISWA,\u201d Progres. J. Pemikir. dan Pendidik. Islam, vol. 4, no. 1, 2016, doi: 10.22219\/progresiva.v4i1.1811.\r\n[3] M. Munif, \u201cSTRATEGI INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI PAI DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA,\u201d EDURELIGIA; J. Pendidik. AGAMA Islam, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1\u201312, 2017, doi: 10.33650\/edureligia.v1i2.49.\r\n[4] Z. Nuryana, \u201cREVITALISASI PENDIDIKAN AL-ISLAM DAN KEMUHAMMADIYAHAN PADA PERGURUAN MUHAMMADIYAH.\u201d Center for Open Science, 2019, doi: 10.31219\/osf.io\/yk3qv.\r\n[5] I. Alil, \u201cStrategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Melalui Program Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah Pada Perdesaan Di Sumbawa BaratStrategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Melalui Program Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah Pada Perdesaan Di Sumbawa Barat,\u201d JPEK (Jurnal Pendidik. Ekon. dan Kewirausahaan), vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 92\u2013100, 2019, doi: 10.29408\/jpek.v3i2.1712.\r\n[6] M. S. Khakim, \u201cDeradikalisasi organisasi kemahasiswaan di perguruan tinggi Muhammadiyah Aisyiyah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta,\u201d J. Citizsh. Media Publ. Pendidik. Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 84, 2018, doi: 10.12928\/citizenship.v1i2.13621.\r\n[7] H. Huda, \u201cMembangun Karakter Islami Melalui Al Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan [Studi Analisis Perpres Nomer 87 Tahun 2017 tentang Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK)],\u201d TARLIM J. Pendidik. AGAMA Islam, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 55, 2019, doi: 10.32528\/tarlim.v2i1.2071.\r\n[8] A. Andriyani, A. Nata, and D. Saefuddin, \u201cImplementasi Kurikulum Al-Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK) Melalui Model Student Centered Learning (SCL) di Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta,\u201d Ta\u2019dibuna J. Pendidik. Islam, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 141, 2016, doi: 10.32832\/tadibuna.v3i2.591.\r\n[9] M. Hazmi, D. W. Putra, A. Gunasti, and A. Jalil, \u201cIDEOLOGI MUHAMMADIYAH.\u201d Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, 2020, doi: 10.32528\/342988839_ideologi.\r\n[10] H. Nashir, \u201cPurifikasi Islam dalam Gerakan Padri di Minangkabau,\u201d Unisia, vol. 31, no. 69, pp. 219\u2013230, 2018, doi: 10.20885\/unisia.vol31.iss69.art1.\r\n[11] Mulyasa, Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah, Konsep, strategi dan Implementasi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2017.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9504\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9504\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9504\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mutmainah, Didi Sunardi, Annisa Mulia Rani &#8220;Analysis Implementation Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK) Values in University Subjects (Case Study: Industrial Engineering Study Program FT-UMJ)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.06-11 August 2021\u00a0 DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6802<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9505\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9505\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9505\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/06-11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9506\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9506\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9506\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-implementation-al-islam-and-kemuhammadiyahan-aik-values-in-university-subjectscase-study-industrial-engineering-study-program-ft-umj\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Analysis Implementation Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK) Values in University Subjects (Case Study: Industrial Engineering Study Program FT-UMJ) <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aafaf0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5aafaf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aafc15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aafc15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aafe50\" data-id=\"5aafe50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab0010 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab0010\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab00ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab00ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab02e5\" data-id=\"5ab02e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab0466 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab0466\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab052b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab052b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab0736\" data-id=\"5ab0736\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab08b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab08b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab0977 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab0977\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab0b6e\" data-id=\"5ab0b6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab0ce7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab0ce7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Dynamic on-Grid Solar Power System Using a Bi-Directional Counter Meter <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mukthar Bidemi Opeloyeru, Prof. Dr. R. Nejat Tuncay &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 12-22<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab0dbb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab0dbb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab0fa1\" data-id=\"5ab0fa1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab1134 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ab1134\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9501\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9502\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9502\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9503\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9503\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9504\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9504\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9505\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9505\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9506\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9506\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9501\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9501\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Recent advancement in technology has led to a remarkable increase in solar cell efficiency while causing a reduction in the expenses of PV systems and the adoption of PV systems as a reliable source of energy globally. To further reduce the entry barrier of PV systems, most governments have introduced several incentives including a Net-metering tariff which uses a bi-directional meter for grid-connected PV systems. This research work focuses on the design and simulation of a 2kW grid-connected system with an integrated bi-directional metering unit. The design, modelling, simulation, and analysis of the developed system were done using the Simulink interface of the MATLAB suite. The system essentially consisted of a \u201cPerturb and Observe\u201d MPPT system, a phase-locked loop (PLL), an LCL filter, and a Mosfet-based single phase inverter system. In comparison to existing studies, the research features an integrated bi-directional metering unit to give a more practical overview of the implementation and operation of the counter-based bi-directional meters and net metering. The simulation result obtained from running the model at different levels of irradiance and the response of integrated bidirectional meter indicated a functional system capable of metering energy in both modes.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 12-22\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6803\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6803<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9502\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9502\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9502\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mukthar Bidemi Opeloyeru<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Engineering, Power Electronics and Clean Energy System Department, Istanbul Okan University, Turkey\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Dr. R. Nejat Tuncay<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Engineering, Power Electronics and Clean Energy System Department, Istanbul Okan University, Turkey\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9503\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9503\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9503\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Atiq, J., &amp; Soori, P. K. (2017). Modelling of a grid-connected solar PV system using MATLAB\/. International Journal of Simulation: Systems, Science and Technology, 17(41), 45.1-45.7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5013\/IJSSST.a.17.41.45s\r\n[2]. Adar, H. M., Chakraverty, A., Moore, D. H., Mur]ray, J. M., &amp; Loparo, K. A. (2012). Design and implementation of a specific grid-tie inverter for an agent-based microgrid. 2012 IEEEEnergytech, Energytech 2012, March 2015.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EnergyTech.2012.6304676\r\n[3]. Dolas, N. A., Sharma, R. B., &amp; Sindekar, P. A. S. (2020). Solar PV grid-connected system analysis. May, 7360\u20137364.\r\n[4]. Hoft, R. G., &amp; Hoft, R. G. (1986). Self-Commutated Thyristor Inverters. Semiconductor Power Electronics, 239\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-011-7015-4_11\r\n[5]. Johnson, B. A. (2013). Modelling and Analysis of a Pv Grid-Tied Smart Inverter\u2019S Support Functions. Master\u2019s Thesis, May.\r\n[6]. Karthikeyan, V., Rajasekar, S., Das, V., &amp; Pi, K. (2017). Grid-Connected and Off-Grid\r\n[7]. Solar Photovoltaic System Grid-Connected and Off-Grid Solar Photovoltaic System (Issue May 2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-50197-0\r\n[8]. Ibrahim, K. A., Gyuk, P. M., &amp; Aliyu, S. (2019). THE EFFECT OF SOLAR IRRADIATION ON SOLAR CELLS. 14(1), 20\u201322.\r\n[9]. Maharaja, K., Pradeep Balaji, P., Sangeetha, S., &amp; Elakkiya, M. (2016). Development of bidirectional net meter in a grid-connected solar PV system for domestic consumers. 2016 International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability, ICEETS 2016, April, 46\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICEETS.2016.7582897\r\n[10]. Kahlane, A. E. W. H., Hassaine, L., &amp; Kherchi, M. (2014). LCL filter design for photovoltaic grid-connected systems. Third International Seminar on New and Renewable Energies, 8(2), 227\u2013232.\r\n[11]. Khatib, T., &amp; Elmenreich, W. (2016). Modelling of Photovoltaic Systems Using MATLAB \u00ae Modeling of Photovoltaic Systems Using MATLAB \u00ae https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119118138\r\n[12]. Mohanty, P., Sharma, K. R., Gujar, M., Kolhe, M., &amp; Azmi, A. N. (2016). PV system design for off-grid applications. In Green Energy and Technology (Vol. 196, Issue September). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-14663-8_3\r\n[13]. Ositelu, O. (2010). \u201cDesign and Simulation of a Distributed PV System for Pennsylvania State University,\u201d Analysis, pp. 1\u201372, 2010.ed PV System for Pennsylvania State University. Analysis, 1\u201372.\r\n[14]. Phap, V. M. (2019). Study on Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using PSIM Program. 8(10), 706\u2013710.\r\n[15]. Rani, A., &amp; Sharma, G. (2017). A Review on Grid-Connected PV System. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, Volume-1(Issue-4), 558\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31142\/ijtsrd2195\r\n[16]. Raut, D. B., &amp; Bhattrai, &amp; A. (2013). Performance Analysis of Grid-Connected Solar PV System Using Matlab. Simulink Rentech Symposium Compendium, 3(September), 48.\r\n[17]. REN21 Renewables 2014 Global Status Report. (2014). Total world energy consumption by source 2013.\r\n[18]. Rodrigues, E. M. G., Mel\u00edcio, R., Mendes, V. M. F., &amp; Catal\u00e3o, J. P. S. (2011). Simulation of a solar cell considering a single-diode equivalent circuit model. Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal, 1(9), 369\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24084\/repqj09.339\r\n[19]. Sreedevi, J., Ashwin, N., &amp; Naini Raju, M. (2017). A study on a grid-connected PV system. 2016 National Power Systems Conference, NPSC 2016, 0\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NPSC.2016.7858870\r\n[20]. Zipp, K. (2015). What are some common types of solar PV and storage installations? Solar Power World. https:\/\/www.solarpowerworldonline.com\/2015\/10\/what-are-some-common-types-of-solar-pv-and-storage-installations\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9504\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9504\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9504\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mukthar Bidemi Opeloyeru, Prof. Dr. R. Nejat Tuncay &#8220;A Dynamic on-Grid Solar Power System Using a Bi-Directional Counter Meter &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.12-22 August 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6803<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9505\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9505\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9505\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/12-22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9506\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9506\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9506\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-dynamic-on-grid-solar-power-system-using-a-bi-directional-counter-meter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Dynamic on-Grid Solar Power System Using a Bi-Directional Counter Meter <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab25f2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ab25f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab273d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab273d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab2996\" data-id=\"5ab2996\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab2b57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab2b57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab2c34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab2c34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab2e42\" data-id=\"5ab2e42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab2fcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab2fcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab5c0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab5c0b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab5edf\" data-id=\"5ab5edf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab60a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab60a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab6188 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab6188\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab6397\" data-id=\"5ab6397\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab6522 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab6522\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Down syndrome Disorder Diagnosis in Children Using Analysis of Voice in Signal Processing<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dickson, Makasda Solomon and Kabari, Ledisi G &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 23-27<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab65ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab65ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab67fd\" data-id=\"5ab67fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab69a0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ab69a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9511\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9512\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9513\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9514\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9515\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9516\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9511\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Down syndrome is one of the most leading causes of intellectual disability and millions of these patients face various health issues including learning and memory, congenital heart diseases (CHD), Alzheimer\u2019s diseases (AD), leukemia, cancers and Hirschprung disease (HD).\r\nThe incidence of trisomy is influenced by maternal age and differs in population (between 1 in 319 and 1 in 1000 live births) [1]. DS has high genetic complexity and phenotype variability. Trisomic fetuses are at elevated risk of miscarriages and DS people have increased incidence of developing several medical conditions [2,3]. Recent advancement in medical treatment with social support has increased the life expectancy for DS population. In developed countries, the average life span for DS population is 55 years [4].<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 23-27 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6804<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9512\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dickson, Makasda Solomon <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, Ignatuius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Kabari, Ledisi G<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, Ignatuius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9513\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Nuallain, S., Flanagan O., Raffat I., Avalos G., &amp; Dineen B. (2009) The prevalence of Down syndrome in County Galway. Ir Med. 100:329\u201331.\r\n[2] Carothers A., Hecht C., &amp; Hook E. (2009) International variation in reported live birth prevalence rates of Down syndrome, adjusted for maternal age. J Med Genet. 36:386\u201393.\r\n[3] Canfield M., Honein M., Yuskiv N., Xing J, Mai C., &amp; Collins, J, (2006) National estimates and race\/ethnic-specific variation of selected birth defects in the United States. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 76:747\u201356.\r\n[4] Murthy S, Malhotra A, Mani S, Shara M, Rowaished E, &amp; Naveed S, (2007) Incidence of Down syndrome in Dubai. Med Princ Pract. 16:25\u20138.\r\n[5] Wahab A., Bener A., Teebi A. (2006) The incidence patterns of Down syndrome in Qatar. Clin Genet. 69:360\u20132.\r\n[6] M\u00e9garban\u00e9, A., Ravel A., Mircher C., Sturtz F., Grattau Y, Rethor\u00e9et (2009) The 50th anniversary of the discovery of trisomy 21: the past, present, and future of research and treatment of Down syndrome. Genet Med. 11:611\u20136.\r\n[7] Gardiner K. J. (2010) Molecular basis of pharmacotherapies for cognition in Down syndrome. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 31:66\u201373.\r\n[8] Prandini P., Deutsch S., Lyle R, Gagnebin M., Delucinge Vivier C., Delorenzi M. (2007) Natural gene-expression variation in Down syndrome modulates the outcome of gene-dosage imbalance. Am J Hum Genet. 81:252\u201363.\r\n[9] Morris, J.K., Wald N.J., &amp; Watt H.C.( 2019) Fetal loss in Down syndrome pregnancies. Prenat Diagn. 19:142\u20135.\r\n[10] Glasson, E.J., Sullivan, S.G., Hussain, R., Petterson, B.A., Montgomery, P.D., Bittles, A.H., (2002). The changing survival profile of people with Down\u2019s syndrome: implications for genetic counselling. Clin Genet. 62:390\u20133.\r\n[11] Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly 13 (3): 319\u2013340, doi:10.2307\/249008.\r\n[12] Fischer, K. W &amp; Lamborn, S. D. (1980). Optimal and functional levels in cognitive development: the individual\u2019s developmental range. Newsletter of the International society for the study of behavioral development, 2(14): 1-4.\r\n[13] Roizen, N. J, Wolters, C., Nicol, T., Blondis, T.A.(1993). Hearing loss in children with Down syndrome. The Journal of Pediatrics. 123:S9\u2013S12.\r\n[14] Miller, J. &amp;, Leddy, M. (1999). Verbal fluency, speech intelligibility and communicative effectiveness. In: Miller JF, Leddy M, Leavitt LA, editors. Improving the communication of people with Down syndrome. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes; pp. 81\u201391.\r\n[15] Laws, G. &amp; Bishop, DVM(2003). A comparison of language abilities in adolescents with Down syndrome and children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. ;46:1324\u20131339.\r\n[16] Peerapol, K. (2009) \u201cSinging Voice Recognition based on Matching of Spectrogram Pattern\u201d, Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp.1595-1599, ISBN: 978-1-4244-3548-7, 2009 IEEE.\r\n[17] Soon, S. J. (2011),\u201d HMM Voice Recognition Algorithm Coding\u201d, International Conference on InformationScience and Applications (ICISA), pp. 1-7, ISBN-978-1-4244-9222-0, 2011 IEEE.\r\n[18] Rodger, R.(2009). Voice quality of children and young people with Down\u2019s syndrome and its impact on listener judgement. Unpublished PhD thesis. Queen Margaret University; Edinburgh, UK:.\r\n[19] Emeeshat, J. S.(2017). Isolated word speech recognition system for children withDown syndrome, M. Sc. Thesisi. Youngstown State University.\r\n[20] Mario, C., David, E., C\u00b4esar, G. ,Valent\u00edn, C. &amp; Pastora, M.(2021). Analysis of atypical prosodic patterns in the speech of people with Down syndrome. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 69 (2021) 102913, 1-11\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9514\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dickson, Makasda Solomon and Kabari, Ledisi G &#8220;Down syndrome Disorder Diagnosis in Children Using Analysis of Voice in Signal Processing&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.23-27 August 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6804<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9515\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/23-27.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9516\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/down-syndrome-disorder-diagnosis-in-children-using-analysis-of-voice-in-signal-processing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Down syndrome Disorder Diagnosis in Children Using Analysis of Voice in Signal Processing<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab7d28 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ab7d28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab7e54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab7e54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab8069\" data-id=\"5ab8069\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab81f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab81f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab82c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab82c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab84bc\" data-id=\"5ab84bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab863b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab863b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab8714 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab8714\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab88e2\" data-id=\"5ab88e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab8a53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab8a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab8b2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab8b2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab8d09\" data-id=\"5ab8d09\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab8e91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab8e91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Health and Environmental Impacts of Industrialization A case study of Dangote Cement Factory on Obajana Community, Kogi state, Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Emmanuel O. Chukwu, Johnson I. Adaji, Amaka D. Okoro, Marvellous O. Faluyi &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 28-40<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ab8f58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ab8f58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab9142\" data-id=\"5ab9142\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab9305 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ab9305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9511\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9512\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9513\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9514\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9515\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9516\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9511\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The impacts of industrialization on socio-economic development can&#8217;t be over emphasized, but so are the negative consequences. This paper examines the health and environmental impacts of Dangote Cement Industry on the physical environment of the encompassing settlement of Obajana, Kogi State. this is often with a view to providing sustainable solution to the negative impact of huge scale industries in an emerging economy like Nigeria. The study involved empirical observation and interview of residents of the world. About 150 questionnaires were administered randomly on workers and residents, out of which 137 were returned. These were analyzed using simple tables. The study confirms extensive incidence of land, air, and sound pollution, asthma, carcinoma and Heart diseases over and above recommended minimum limits. It also discovers lack of considerable compliance with the principle of environmental integrity sustainability and National Environmental Standard Regulation Authority (NESRA) in terms of environmental resource protection. The study recommends that, for Nigeria to maximize benefits of industrialization and minimize its negative effects, a tripartite arrangement that involves the industry, the community and therefore the government must be involved in environmental monitoring and protection<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 28-40\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9512\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Emmanuel O. Chukwu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nRichflood Laboratories Limited, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Johnson I. Adaji<\/strong><\/span>\r\nRichflood Laboratories Limited, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amaka D. Okoro<\/strong><\/span>\r\nRichflood Laboratories Limited, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Marvellous O. Faluyi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nRichflood Laboratories Limited, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9513\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Aribigbola Afolabi, FatusinAfolabi Francis and Fagbohunka Adejompo, (2012): Assessment of Health and Environmental Challenges of Cement Factory on Ewekoro Community Residents, Ogun State, Nigeria\r\n[2] Boakye, Y. (2010). Challenges facing the small scale textiles and garments industry in Ghana. A PhD thesis submitted to Kwame Nkrumah University of science and Technology Ghana.\r\n[3] Bashar M. Al Smadi, Kamel K. Al-Zboon and Khaldoun M. Shatnawi, (2009): Assessment of Air Pollutants Emissions from a Cement Plant: A Case Study in Jordan\r\n[4] Babatunde Saheed Bada, Kofoworola Amudat Olatunde and Adeola Oluwajana, (2013): Air Quality Assessment in The Vicinity of Cement Company.\r\n[5] Endashaw T. (2010). Rural small scale industries and district. A PhD Dissertation submitted to the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology\r\n[6] Hesham G. Ibrahim, Aly Y. Okasha, Mokhtar S. Elatrash and Mohamed A. Al-Meshragi, (2012): Emissions of SO2, NOx and PMs from Cement Plant in Vicinity of Khoms City in Northwestern Libya.\r\n[7] Huntzinger Deborah N., D. Eatmon Thomas, (2008): A life-cycle assessment of portland cement manufacturing: comparing the traditional process with alternative technologies.\r\n[8] Kumasi, Ghana. Braden,B&amp; Leys C. (1994). African capitalist in African development. Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers. Ferreira, A. Lanjouw.\r\n[9] Madlool N.A., Saidur R, Hossain M.S, Rahim N.A, (2011): A critical review on energy use and savings in the cement industries.\r\n[10] Marlowe Ian and Mansfield David, (2002): Toward a Sustainable Cement Industry Substudy 10: Environment, Health &amp; Safety Performance Improvement, an Independent Study Commissioned by WBCSD\r\n[11] Marchwinska-Wyrwal E., Dziubanek G., Hajo I., Rusin M., Oleksiuk K. and Kubasiak M., (2011): Impact of Air Pollution on Public Health.\r\n[12] Mehraj.S, Bhat G.A., Balkhi. H.M, (2009): Cement Factories and Human Health, 2013 Sustainable Cement Production, Co-Processing of Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials in The European Cement Industry Chembureau.\r\n[13] Ofori-Cud Joe Samuel (2009) Small scale industries and regional development in eastern region of Ghana. Being a PhD thesis submitted to the college of architecture and planning Kwame Nkrumah university of science and technology Ghana.\r\n[14] Oyebanji, J (1983). Large industries in rural communities. Who benefits? Journal of Institute of Socio-Economic Research, (1983)15.\r\n[15] Oyelakin-Oyelaran, A. (1997). Nnewi, an emergent industrial cluster in Nigeria. Technopol Publishers, Ibadan, volume 1 Puga, D Venables A. (1996). The spread of industry spatial agglomeration in economic development. Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper.\r\n[16] Pallen, D. (1996). Environmental assessment manual for community development project. Canadian International Development Agency, Gatineau, Quebec: CIDA, Asia Branch.\r\n[17] Pariyar Suman K, Das Tapash, Ferdous Tanima, (2013): Environment and Health Impact for Brick Kilns in Kathmandu Valley\r\n[18] Potgieter Johannes H. (2012): An Overview of Cement production: How \u201cgreen\u201d and sustainable is the industry?\r\n[19] Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook (1998) toward Cleaner Production, World Bank Group, International Finance Corporation, Washington D.C., 1999.\r\n[20] Rai Priyanka, Mishra RM and Parihar Sarita, (2013): Quantifying the Cement Air Pollution related Human Health diseases in Maihar city, MP, India.\r\n[21] Rowan-Robinson J, Ross A. &amp; Walton W. (1995). Sustainable Development and the Development Control Process, The Town Planning Review, 66(3) (Jul., 1995), 269-286.\r\n[22] Scott, A (1998) Environmental impact of small scale industries in Third World. UK Global Environmental Change Programme, ESRC, Knowledge Base\r\n[23] Sharma Kuldeep, Treatment of Waste Generated from Cement Industry and Their Treatment- A Review\r\n[24] UN Brundtland Report (2008). Romania, on its way to a sustainable society, Sustainable Society Foundation, Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.ssfindex.com\/cms\/wpcontent\/uploads\/pdf\/romaniadurabila-en.pdf\r\n[25] UNO. (1996). Key element of sustainable development in Third World. World, Development Report Geneva\r\n[26] World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) &#8211; Cement Sustainability Initiative \u2013 About the cement industry. Online available http:\/\/www.wbcsdcement.org\/index.php\/about-cement at:) [Accessed 07 July 2021].\r\n[27] Worrell Ernst, Price Lynn, Martin Nathan, Hendriks Chris, and Ozawa Meida Leticia, (2001): Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Global Cement Industry.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9514\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Emmanuel O. Chukwu, Johnson I. Adaji, Amaka D. Okoro, Marvellous O. Faluyi &#8220;Health and Environmental Impacts of Industrialization A case study of Dangote Cement Factory on Obajana Community, Kogi state, Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.28-40 August 2021\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/28-40.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9515\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/28-40.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9516\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/health-and-environmental-impacts-of-industrialization-a-case-study-of-dangote-cement-factory-on-obajana-community-kogi-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Health and Environmental Impacts of Industrialization A case study of Dangote Cement Factory on Obajana Community, Kogi state, Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aba641 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5aba641\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aba760 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aba760\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aba951\" data-id=\"5aba951\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5abaaea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5abaaea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ababb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ababb3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5abad7e\" data-id=\"5abad7e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac0229 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ac0229\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ac0335 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ac0335\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ac0561\" data-id=\"5ac0561\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac06ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ac06ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ac07d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ac07d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ac09c9\" data-id=\"5ac09c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac0b48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ac0b48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sub-Acute Toxicity Assessment of a Polyherbal Product \u201cCombo\u201d on Liver and Kidney Function Indices in Experimental Rats <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Azeemat Titilola Abdulazeez, Akolade Jubril Olayinka, Fatimah Aluko Abubakar and Balogun Basheer Ajibola &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 41-45<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ac0c27 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ac0c27\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ac0e30\" data-id=\"5ac0e30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac1005 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ac1005\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9511\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9512\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9513\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9514\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9515\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9516\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9511\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">\u201cCombo\u201d is a standardized polyherbal drink prepared from five different medicinal plants. It is popularly used in Nigeria, mostly by women for reproductive and sexual dysfunction. Due to its widespread appeal to trying to conceive (TTC) patients and long-time abuse as an aphrodisiac, the effect of sub-acute administration of combo for 28 days on liver and kidney function indices in experimental rats was investigated. Serum biochemical indices and hematological parameters were determined and compared for significant variation with a reference group. In contrast to traditional belief among users, oral administration of Combo to rats once a day for 28 days at either 100, 200 or 300 mg\/Kg bw did not lead to a significant (p &lt; 0.001) reduction in body weight. There was little or no difference in all the studied biochemical parameters in comparison to the control except for slight variation at the highest dose level. There was also a significant increase in albumin concentration at all dose levels which can be linked to an increase availability of sex hormones. The study shows that the \u201cCombo\u201d extract has no significant adverse effect at the lower dose of 100 and 200 mg\/Kg bw.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 41-45\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6805<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9512\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Azeemat Titilola Abdulazeez<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akolade Jubril Olayinka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBiotechnology Advanced Research Centre, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fatimah Aluko Abubakar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Balogun Basheer Ajibola<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9513\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ajiboye, T. O., Alabi, K. A., Ariyo, F. A., Adeleye, A. O., Ojewuyi, O. B., Balogun, A., &amp;Sunmonu, T. O. (2015). 2\u2010(2\u2010Nitrovinyl) furan Promotes Oxidation of Cellular Proteins, Lipids, and DNA of Male Rat Liver and Kidney. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 29(3), 114-122.\r\n[2] Arika, W. M., D. W. Nyamai, M. N. Musila, M. P. Ngugi, and E. N. M. Njagi. &#8220;Hematological markers of in vivo toxicity.&#8221; Journal of Hematology &amp; Thromboembolic Diseases (2016).\r\n[3] Bakhtiyar, K., Beiranvand, R., Ardalan, A. et al. An investigation of the effects of infertility on Women\u2019s quality of life: a case-control study. BMC Women&#8217;s Health 19, 114 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-019-0805-3\r\n[4] Beers, R. F., &amp;Sizer, I. W. (1952). A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J Biolchem, 195(1), 133-140.\r\n[5] Bertelli, R., Bonanni, A., Caridi, G., Canepa, A., &amp;Ghiggeri, G. M. (2018). Molecular and cellular mechanisms for proteinuria in minimal change disease. Frontiers in Medicine, 5, 170.\r\n[6] Chanda, S., Parekh, J., Vaghasiya, Y., Dave, R., Baravalia, Y., &amp; Nair, R. (2015). Medicinal plants-from traditional use to toxicity assessment: a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(7), 2652.\r\n[7] Deyhoul, N., Mohamaddoost, T., &amp;Hosseini, M. (2017). Infertility-related risk factors: a systematic review. Int J Womens Health ReprodSci, 5(1), 24-29.\r\n[8] Doumas, B. T., Watson, W. A., &amp; Biggs, H. G. (1971). Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromcresol green. Clinicachimicaacta, 31(1), 87-96.\r\n[9] El-Azzouny, M. M., El-Demerdash, A. S., Seadawy, H. G., &amp;Abou-Khadra, S. H. (2018). Antimicrobial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and thyme (ZatariamultifloraBoiss) extracts on some food borne pathogens and their effect on virulence gene expression. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 64(10), 79-86.\r\n[10] Enioutina, E. Y., Salis, E. R., Job, K. M., Gubarev, M. I., Krepkova, L. V., &amp; Sherwin, C. M. (2017). Herbal Medicines: challenges in the modern world. Part 5. status and current directions of complementary and alternative herbal medicine worldwide. Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 10(3), 327-338.\r\n[11] Gowda, S., Desai, P. B., Hull, V. V., Math, A. A. K., Vernekar, S. N., &amp;Kulkarni, S. S. (2009). A review on laboratory liver function tests. The Pan african medical journal, 3.:17 doi: 10.11604\/pamj.2009.3.17.125\r\n[12] Gowda, S., Desai, P. B., Kulkarni, S. S., Hull, V. V., Math, A. A., &amp;Vernekar, S. N. (2010). Markers of renal function tests. North American journal of medical sciences, 2(4), 170\u2013173.).\r\n[13] Hay, E., Lucariello, A., Contieri, M., Esposito, T., De Luca, A., Guerra, G., &amp;Perna, A. (2019). Therapeutic effects of turmeric in several diseases: An overview. Chemico-biological interactions, 310, 108729.\r\n[14] Huang, H. L., Wang, Y. J., Zhang, Q. Y., Liu, B.,Wang, F. Y., Li, J. J., &amp; Zhu, R. Z. (2012). Hepatoprotective effects of baicalein against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 18(45), 6605.\r\n[15] Jamshidi-Kia, F., Wibowo, J. P., Elachouri, M., Masumi, R., Salehifard-Jouneghani, A., Abolhasanzadeh, Z., &amp;Lorigooini, Z. (2020). Battle between plants as antioxidants with free radicals in human body. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 9(3), 191-199.\r\n[16] Jendrassik, L., &amp;Grof, P. (1938). Colorimetric method of determination of bilirubin. Biochem Z, 297, 81-82.\r\n[17] Koorbanally, C., Crouch, N. R., &amp; Mulholland, D. A. (2006). The phytochemistry and ethnobotany of the southern African genus Eucomis (Hyacinthaceae: Hyacinthoideae). Phytochemistry: Advances in Research, 69-85.\r\n[18] Lako, J. D. W., Sube, K. L. L., Lumori, C. S. G., Yengkopiong, J. P., Utong, J. A. M., Binyason, S. A., &#8230; &amp;Kheiralla, A. H. (2020). Diversity and distribution of medicinal plants in the republic of South Sudan. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 7(1), 018-031.\r\n[19] Lowe D, Sanvictores T, John S (2021). Alkaline Phosphatase. [Updated 2020 Aug 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK459201\/\r\n[20] Mehmood, Y., Farooq, U., Yousaf, H., Riaz, H., Mahmood, R. K., Nawaz, A., &#8230;&amp; Khalid, I. (2020). Antiviral activity of green silver nanoparticles produced using aqueous buds extract of Syzygiumaromaticum. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci, 33(2), 839-845.\r\n[21] Mishra, A. K., Gupta, A., Gupta, V., Sannd, R., &amp;Bansal, P. (2010). Asava and aristha: An ayurvedic medicine\u2013An overview. Int J Pharm Biol Arch, 1(1), 24-30.\r\n[22] Mishra, G., Srivastava, S., &amp;Nagori, B. P. (2010). Pharmacological and therapeutic activity of Cissusquadrangularis: an overview. International journal of pharmtech research, 2(2), 1298-1310.\r\n[23] Misra, H. P., &amp;Fridovich, I. (1972). The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. Journal of Biological chemistry, 247(10), 3170-3175.\r\n[24] Mohammed-Durosinlorun, A., Adze, J., Bature, S. et al. Use and pattern of previous care received by infertile Nigerian women. Fertil Res and Pract 5, 14 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40738-019-0068-6\r\n[25] Morsy, N. (2014). Phytochemical analysis of biologically active constituents of medicinal plants. Main Group Chemistry, 13(1), 7-21.\r\n[26] Mounika, A. M. A., Sushma, M. S. M., Sidde, L. S. L., Malathi, S. M. S., &amp;Rajani, K. R. K. (2020). Invitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of clove buds (eugineaaromatica). International Journal of Indigenous Herbs and Drugs, 25-33.\r\n[27] Nandi, K., Sen, D. 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(2008) Mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of extracts from South African traditional medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(3), 575-587.\r\n[50] Xie, Y., Wang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., Tan, A., Gao, Y., &#8230;&amp; Yang, X. (2013). Serum uric acid and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-diabetic Chinese men. PLoS One, 8(7), e67152.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9514\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Azeemat Titilola Abdulazeez, Akolade Jubril Olayinka, Fatimah Aluko Abubakar and Balogun Basheer Ajibola &#8220;Sub-Acute Toxicity Assessment of a Polyherbal Product \u201cCombo\u201d on Liver and Kidney Function Indices in Experimental Rats &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.41-45 August 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6805<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9515\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/41-45.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9516\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sub-acute-toxicity-assessment-of-a-polyherbal-product-combo-on-liver-and-kidney-function-indices-in-experimental-rats\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sub-Acute Toxicity Assessment of a Polyherbal Product \u201cCombo\u201d on Liver and Kidney Function Indices in Experimental Rats <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac2438 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ac2438\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ac255a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ac255a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ac2774\" data-id=\"5ac2774\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac290e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ac290e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ac29db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ac29db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ac2bbe\" data-id=\"5ac2bbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac2d3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ac2d3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ac2dff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ac2dff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ac2fe4\" data-id=\"5ac2fe4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac3160 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ac3160\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ac3224 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ac3224\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ac3419\" data-id=\"5ac3419\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac3596 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ac3596\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Yield Responses of Selected Groundnut <i>Arachis hypogaea<\/i> L. Cultivars at Two Locations for Adoption in the Southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Msaakpa, T. S., Dennis, I., Shaahu A. and Iyorkyaa N. &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 46-50<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ac366a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ac366a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ac3856\" data-id=\"5ac3856\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac39f0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ac39f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9511\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9512\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9513\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9514\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9515\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9516\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9511\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9511\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Field studies were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Agriculture Makurdi, and National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) Substation, Yandev during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The objective was to identify the location and cultivar with optimum yield response for adoption. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The cultivars evaluated included Borno Red, Dan-Bomboyo, Ebunaigbaji, Ijiwanda, Samnut-16, Samnut 21, and Samnut 22. Yield components viz, number of mature and immature pods, haulm weight, 100 seed weight, length of primary branches, number of secondary branches, weight of 100 mature pods and seeds from 100 mature pods, shelling percentage and seed yield were recorded. Results showed that Samnut 21 x Makurdi location interaction gave significantly higher number of mature pods ( 44.0 ), number of secondary branches ( 29 ) and number of immature pods ( 45.00 ). One hundred ( 100 ) seed weight was highest ( 67.00 g ) under Samnut 22 x Makurdi interaction followed by Samnut 21 x Makurdi interaction ( 66.20 g). Ebunaigbaji at Makurdi recorded significantly longer branches ( 47.00 cm). Samnut 16 x Yandev and Samnut 22 x Yandev interactions produced significantly higher seed yields of 1646.00 kg\/ha and 1102.00 kg\/ha respectively. For Makurdi farmers interested in fodder, Ebunaigbaji at Makurdi with longer primary branches and Samnut 21 at Makurdi with higher number of secondary branches gave better results. The environmental conditions at Yandev were more favourable to the seed production of Samnut 16 followed by Samnut 22.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 46-50\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9512\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9512\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Msaakpa, T. S.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dennis, I.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shaahu A.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\nSoybean Research Programme, National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi, Niger State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iyorkyaa N.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9513\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9513\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Agboola, S.A. (1979). And Agricultural Atlas of Nigeria, Oxford University Press. pp. 33- 49\r\n[2] Arkley, R.J. and Ulrich, R. (1962). The use of calculated, actual and potential Evapotranspiration for estimating potential plant growth. Hilgardia 32:443-462.\r\n[3] Asibuo, J.Y., Akromah, R., Safo-Kantanka, O., Adu-Dapaah, H.K., Ohemeng Dapaah, S. and Ahyeman, A. (2008). Chemical composition of groundnut landraces. African Journal of Biotechnology vol. 7 (13), pp. 2203-2208.\r\n[4] Ezedinma, F.O.C. (1967). Seasonal variations in the growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) seedlings in the humid tropical environment of Southern Nigeria. J. West Afr. Sci. Assoc. 12:45-49.\r\n[5] FAO (2006). FAO Production Yearbook, vol. 60, Rome Italy. 37.\r\n[6] Gregory, W. C., John P. C., Ory, R. L. (1973). Comparative studies of seed proteins and enzymes of species and collections of Arachis by Gel Electrophoresis.\r\n[7] Hudson, J.P. (1984). Climate, plants and crop research. Span. J. Crop Sci. 27:3-8.\r\n[8] IITA (1995). Tropical Grain Legume Bulletin.\r\n[9] Kamara, A. Y., Ekeleme, F., Kwari, J.D., Omoigui, L.O. and Chikoye, D. (2010). Phosphorus on growth and yield of groundnut varieties in the tropical savannahs of North East Nigeria.\r\n[10] Kees, S. (2011). Agrometeorology and groundnut production draft by P. Vijaya Kumar reviewed by P.V. Vara Prasad revision by Kees Stighter assisted by Orivaldo Brunini.\r\n[11] Naidu, L. G .K., Ramamurthy, V., Challa, O., Hagde, R. and Krishanan, P. (2006). Land Suitability Analysis of Sorghum Crop Production.\r\n[12] Steel, G. D and Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Mc Graw Hill Book Company Inc. New York. Pp. 481.\r\n[13] Watson, D.J. (1952). The physiological basis of variation in yield. Advances in Agron. 4:101-145.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9514\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9514\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Msaakpa, T. S., Dennis, I., Shaahu A. and Iyorkyaa N. &#8220;Yield Responses of Selected Groundnut <i>Arachis hypogaea<\/i> L. Cultivars at Two Locations for Adoption in the Southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.46-50 August 2021\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/46-50.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9515\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9515\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/46-50.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9516\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9516\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/yield-responses-of-selected-groundnut-arachis-hypogaea-l-cultivars-at-two-locations-for-adoption-in-the-southern-guinea-savannah-of-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yield Responses of Selected Groundnut <i>Arachis hypogaea<\/i> L. Cultivars at Two Locations for Adoption in the Southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aca6ce elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5aca6ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aca862 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aca862\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5acabba\" data-id=\"5acabba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5acadfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5acadfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5acaf06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5acaf06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5acb17e\" data-id=\"5acb17e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5acb389 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5acb389\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5acb4e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5acb4e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5acb757\" data-id=\"5acb757\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5acb953 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5acb953\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5acba4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5acba4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5acbcc5\" data-id=\"5acbcc5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5acbeb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5acbeb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Determining Fish Hunger State in a Smart Fish Farm Using Digital Signal Processing of the Water Current<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mbah, Frank Sunday, Kabari, Ledisi Giok &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 51-56<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5acc03e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5acc03e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5acc276\" data-id=\"5acc276\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5acc4ad elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5acc4ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The traditional method of feeding the fish in an aquarium leads to wastage of the feed and poor water quality as the water easily gets contaminated and consequently hampers fish growth. Also, the method of having a pre-set time has not much effect to the problem as it may lead to unequal feed distribution and starvation of the smaller fishes. A behavioural pattern whereby the fish can be fed anytime will balance feed intake by the fish and promote growth. It will also reduce wastage. The identified state where the fish are more settled at the water surface with much movement thereby increasing the water current is used in this work. A gyroscope is proposed for the measurement of angular displacement caused by the water current. Because of the non-availability of the gyroscope and other necessary conditions, a dataset was formulated and histogram function in Microsoft Excel used in plotting the signal state of the two conditions. The difference in the two signal levels guarantees the reliability of this process in determining when it is more appropriate to feed the fish using an automated method in a smart fishpond.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 51-56 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6806\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6806<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mbah, Frank Sunday <\/strong><\/span>\r\nIgnatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Kabari, Ledisi Giok<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKen Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">AlZubi, H. S. , Al-Nuaimy, W.,J. Buckley &amp; Young, I. &#8220;An intelligent behavior-based fish feeding system,&#8221; 2016 13th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals &amp; Devices (SSD), Leipzig, Germany, 2016, pp. 22-29, doi: 10.1109\/SSD.2016.7473754.\r\n[2] Adegboye, M., Aibinu, A., Kolo, J., Folorunso, T., Aliyu, I., &amp; Ho, Lee. (2019). Intelligent Fish Feeding Regime System using Vibration Analysis. 3. 1-8. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/343179730_Intelligent_Fish_Feeding_Regime_System_using_Vibration_Analysis.\r\n[3] Adegboye, M., Aibinu, A. Kolo, J., Aliyu, I., Folorunso, T., &amp; Lee, S. (2020). Incorporating Intelligence in Fish Feeding System for Dispensing Feed Based on Fish Feeding Intensity. IEEE Access. PP. 1-1. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2994442.\r\n[4] Aisuwarya, R., &amp; Suhendra, E. (2018). Development of Automatic Fish Feeding System based on Gasping Behavior. 470-473. 10.1109\/ICITSI.2018.8696050. 2018 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI). DOI: 10.1109\/ICITSI.2018.8696050.\r\n[5] Hye, M. A., Akter, M. M. Jahangir, A. M. &amp; Zaman H. U., &#8220;A Novel Design and Implementation of Automated Feeding Mechanism in Fish Aquariums,&#8221; 2018 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Materials Engineering &amp; Nano-Technology (IEMENTech), Kolkata, India, 2018, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109\/IEMENTECH.2018.8465332.\r\n[6] Uzama, F., (2018). Automatic Controlling of Fish Feeding System. International Journal for Research in Applied Science. DOI: 10.22214\/ijraset.2018.7050.\r\n[7] Noor,. M. Z. H Hussian, A. K., Saaid, M. F. Ali, M. S. A. M., &amp; Zolkapli, M. &#8220;The design and development of automatic fish feeder system using PIC microcontroller,&#8221; 2012 IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium, Shah Alam, Malaysia, 2012, pp. 343-347, doi: 10.1109\/ICSGRC.2012.6287189.\r\n[8] Alammar, M., &amp; Al-Ataby, A. (2018). An intelligent approach of the Fish feeding system. 85-97. 10.5121\/csit.2018.81506. 3rd International Conference on Data Mining &amp; Knowledge Management. DOI: 10.5121\/csit.2018.81506.\r\n[9] Melanie R., Romi, N., Anneleen, S., Carter, U., &amp; Donald, D. (2018). Automated feeding systems in pond production of Pacific white shrimp. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/330566608_Automated_feeding_systems_in_pond_production_of_Pacific_white_shrimp.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mbah, Frank Sunday, Kabari, Ledisi Giok &#8220;Determining Fish Hunger State in a Smart Fish Farm Using Digital Signal Processing of the Water Current&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.51-56 August 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6806<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/51-56.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/determining-fish-hunger-state-in-a-smart-fish-farm-using-digital-signal-processing-of-the-water-current\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Determining Fish Hunger State in a Smart Fish Farm Using Digital Signal Processing of the Water Current<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5acdb64 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5acdb64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5acdcb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5acdcb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ace06e\" data-id=\"5ace06e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ace2b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ace2b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ace3ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ace3ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ace5d8\" data-id=\"5ace5d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ace788 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ace788\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ace858 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ace858\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5acea3b\" data-id=\"5acea3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5acebba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5acebba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5acec80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5acec80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5acee8f\" data-id=\"5acee8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5acf01b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5acf01b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sedimentology and Depositional Environment of Reservoir Sands of Kanga Oil Field Onshore Niger Delta <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ideozu R.U. and Chiazor F.I. &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 57-61<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5acf106 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5acf106\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5acf321\" data-id=\"5acf321\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5acf4c5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5acf4c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In this study, reservoir sands from seven wells Kanga Oil field in the Onshore Niger Delta were analyzed sedimentologically to determine the level of spatial distribution of significant heterogeneity in the subsurface and infer the depositional environments. From the sedimentological analyses, three reservoir intervals J100, K100 and L100 of interest were identified based on the gross thickness of the reservoir sand, cleanliness of the reservoir sand and presence of hydrocarbon, and correlated across the field using suites of wire line logs. The environment of deposition was interpreted using gamma-ray log motif and lithologic description from Sidewall samples. The environments of deposition have been interpreted as Channel sands, Upper Shoreface, Lower Shoreface and Marine Shale, a reflection that the sediments was deposited in medium to low energy environment which favors the deposition of fine to medium grains sediments<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 57-61\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ideozu R.U.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chiazor F.I.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Burke, K.C., T.F.J. Dessauvagie, and A.J. Whiteman, 1971, the Opening of the Gulf of Guinea and the Geological History of Benue Depression and Niger Delta: Nature PHS sci., 233 (38) P51 \u2013 55.\r\n[2] Cannon, S. (2018). Reservoir Modelling: A Practical Guide. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA. ISBN: 9781119313434.\r\n[3] Corredor, F., Shaw, J.H., and Bilotti, F. (2005). Structural styles in the deep-water fold and thrust belts of the Niger Delta. AAPG Bulletin, 89: 753 &#8211; 780.\r\n[4] Doust, H., and Omatsola, E., (1990). Niger Delta, in, Edwards, J. D., and Santogrossi, P.A., eds., Divergent\/passive Margin Basins, AAPG Memoir48:Tulsa, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 239-248.\r\n[5] Etu-Efeotor J.O. (1997). Fundamentals of petroleum geology; paragraphics, Port Harcourt, Nigeria pp. 51-63.\r\n[6] Evamy, .D.J., Haremboure, P., Kamerling, W.A., Knaap, F.Molloy, A. &amp; Rowlands, M.H., 1978.Hydrocarbon habitat of the Tertiary Niger Delta. American Associa\u00action of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 62, 1\u201339.\r\n[7] Schlumberger, (1989).Log Interpretation, Principles and Application: Schlumberger Wireline and Testing, Houston, Texas, pp. 21-89\r\n[8] Wright, J. B., 1976, Fracture systems in Nigeria and initiation of fracture zones in the South Atlantic: Tectonophysics 34, 43-47.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ideozu R.U. and Chiazor F.I. &#8220;Sedimentology and Depositional Environment of Reservoir Sands of Kanga Oil Field Onshore Niger Delta &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.57-61 August 2021\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/57-61.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/57-61.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sedimentology-and-depositional-environment-of-reservoir-sands-of-kanga-oil-field-onshore-niger-delta\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sedimentology and Depositional Environment of Reservoir Sands of Kanga Oil Field Onshore Niger Delta <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad0891 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ad0891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad09e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad09e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad0c33\" data-id=\"5ad0c33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad0e02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad0e02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad0ed5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad0ed5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad10be\" data-id=\"5ad10be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad126f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad126f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad1350 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad1350\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad1550\" data-id=\"5ad1550\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad16cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad16cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad1792 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad1792\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad1993\" data-id=\"5ad1993\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad1b1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad1b1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Development of an Examination Based System for the Visually Impaired Persons Fruits<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>E.E. Chukwuemeka, C. Ituma, N.C. Oyiga, N.C. Samson, U.C. Ebere &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 62-68<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad1be8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad1be8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad1dfc\" data-id=\"5ad1dfc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad1f9f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ad1f9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This work presented the development of an examination based system for visually impaired persons. This was achieved to eliminate the challenges and disenfranchisements of visually impaired person\u2019s right to quality education. This was achieved using voice synthesizer, photonic analyzer, and filters techniques. These were designed using universal modeling diagrams and then implemented with MYSQL and visual studio tool. The system was tested but background noise limited the performance, however ear and mouth piece was used to eliminate the back ground noise and good performance was achieved. The result showed the student was able to partake in the exam successfully and then received the overall score after the exam.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 62-68\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> E.E. Chukwuemeka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> C. Ituma<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> N.C. Oyiga<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State Polytechnic Iwollo, Enugu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> N.C. Samson<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State Polytechnic Iwollo, Enugu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> U.C. Ebere<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDestinet Smart Technologies, New layout, Enugu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adriano et al (2006) \u201cPersonal computer based text translator for the blind. International Journal of Computer Applications\u201d Volume 142 No.14. Retrieved from https \/\/www. Ijcaonline.org\r\n[2] Dutoit T (2016) \u201cA short Introduction to Text-to-Speech Synthesis. TTS Research Team, TCTS Lab\u201d. Retrived from. http\/\/tcts.fpms.ac.be\/synthesis\/intorttsold.html\r\n[3] Garc\u00eda, V. et al (2010) \u201cVoice interactive classroom, a service-oriented software architecture for speech-enabled learning\u201d. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 33(5), 603\u2013610.\r\n[4] Jamunkar, V. (2014) \u201cVoice Recognition and its Application in Online Exam for PH People\u201d International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 2(2).\r\n[5] Junying, A et al. (2012) \u201cThe application and efficiency analysis of exam platform for people with visual impairments\u201d. In Robotics and Applications (ISRA), 2012 IEEE Symposium on (pp. 1\u20134). IEEE\r\n[6] Kabari et al. (2015) \u201cAssisting the Speech Impaired People Using Text-to-Speech synthesis\u201d; International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology\r\n[7] Sania, K et al (2015) \u201cVoice Based Online Examination for Physically Challenged\u201d International Journal of Computer Science and International Journal of Contemporary Applied Researches Vol. 6, No. 2, February 2019 (ISSN: 2308-1365) www.ijcar.net 45 Information technology\r\n[8] Shunmuga, S et al. (2014) \u201cOnline Examination System for Blinds\u201d International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Research, 2(5)\r\n[9] Vats, A et al (2016) \u201cVoice Operated Tool-examination portal for blind persons\u201d. International Journal of Computer Applications, 142(14)\r\n[10] Van S, Jan P., Sproat R. Olive p., Hirschberg J. (1997) \u201cProcess in speech Synthesis\u201d ISSN 978-0-387-94701-3\r\n[11] Laver J. (1994)\u201dprinciples of phonetics\u201d Cambridge p. 550; ISBN 0- 521-45655\r\n[12] Ball M., Rahilly J (1999)\u201d Phonetic the science of speech. Arnold pp 142-3 ; ISBN 0-340-70010-6\r\n[13] Julius O.S (2020) \u201cIntroduction to digital filters with audio application\u201d CCRMA; Stanford University.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">E.E. Chukwuemeka, C. Ituma, N.C. Oyiga, N.C. Samson, U.C. Ebere &#8220;Development of an Examination Based System for the Visually Impaired Persons Fruits&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.62-68 August 2021\u00a0 URL : https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/62-68.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/62-68.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/development-of-an-examination-based-system-for-the-visually-impaired-persons\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Development of an Examination Based System for the Visually Impaired Persons Fruits<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad337b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ad337b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad34f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad34f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad3737\" data-id=\"5ad3737\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad3927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad3927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad3a04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad3a04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad3bde\" data-id=\"5ad3bde\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad3d70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad3d70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad3e36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad3e36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad400c\" data-id=\"5ad400c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad4182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad4182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad425b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad425b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad445c\" data-id=\"5ad445c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad45de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad45de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The histostereological hepato-teratogenic effects of varied doses of ethanol in albino rats (Rattus novegicus)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Teresiah W. Musa, Kweri J. Kariuki, Caroline C. Sigei, Atanas N.Malik, Caroline Ndung\u2019u, Asena S.M ,Ann W. Mwangi , Rono W ,James Kanyoni M. , Peter Joseph K and Peris M &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 69-73<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad46a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad46a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad489b\" data-id=\"5ad489b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad4a87 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ad4a87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Background: Ethanol has been shown to interfere with the normal development of the fetal liver when exposed prenatally. Although data exist on the teratogenic effects of ethanol to the fetal viscera, data on the histostereological effects of ethanol on the fetal liver when administered in varying doses and at different gestational periods is lacking.\r\nMethod: A static-group experimental study design was adopted. In this study, 30 female albino rat dams weighing between 200 &#8211; 230gm from a pure colony breed were used as the experimental model. These 30 rats were broadly organized into four main study groups based on the ethanol dose namely: &#8211; Control group, low ethanol group (LEG), medium ethanol group (MEG) and high ethanol group (HEG). Each ethanol group was further sub grouped per the trimesters namely: &#8211; trimester one (GD1-GD20), trimester two (GD7-GD20), and trimester three subgroup (GD14-GD20) each comprised of 3 rats. Groups I served as expectant control that received food and water ad libitum only while Groups II (LEG), III (MEG) and IV (HEG) received 2g\/kgbwt, 3.5g\/kgbwt and 5g\/kgbwt of ethanol respectively daily via oral gavage. All the rats were humanly sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. A total of 90 fetuses had their liver harvested, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for stereological analysis. Data was collected using structured datasheets and photomicrographs. The data was then analyzed using STEPnizer software and SPSS version 23. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey\u2019s post hoc multiple comparison tests were done. The results were expressed as mean \u00b1 standard error of the mean (SEM) for all values. The findings were then presented in form of tables.\r\nResults: A significant increase (P=0.001) in the total liver volume and volume densities of the portal triad, sinusoids and hepatocytes were observed. In conclusion, the present study established that ethanol consumption during pregnancy has varied histostereological hepato-teratogenic effects in time and dose dependent manner, therefore expectant mothers need to abstain from ethanol consumption any time during pregnancy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 69-73\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 August 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Teresiah W. Musa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of health science, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Kweri J. Kariuki, <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of health science, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Caroline C. Sigei<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of health science, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Atanas N.Malik<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of health science, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Caroline Ndung\u2019u<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of health science, School of Medicine, Egerton University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Asena S.M <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of health science, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ann W. Mwangi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of health science, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Rono W ,James Kanyoni M. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of health science, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Peter Joseph K <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Clinical Medicine, College of health science, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Peris M<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of health science, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Perry PJ, Doroudgar S, Van Dyke P. Ethanol forensic toxicology. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2017; 45(4):429\u201338.\r\n[2]. Zelner I, Koren G, Program TM. Pharmacokinetics of ethanol in the maternal-fetal unit. 2013; 20(3):259\u201365.\r\n[3]. Popova S, Mph SL, Probst C, Gmel G, Rehm PJ. Estimation of national, regional, and global prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome\u202f: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2017 ;( February).\r\n[4]. Asuzu Onyeka V, Nwaehujor Chinaka O, Ode Julius O, Nwobi Obichukwu C. Chronic alcohol ingestion and its effect on immunochemistry in albino mice experimentally challenged with Escherichia coli strain 0157:H7. Am J Drug Discov Dev. 2015; 5(1):24\u201333.\r\n[5]. Andersen V, Sonne J, Sletting S, Prip A. The volume of the liver in patients correlates to body weight and alcohol consumption. Alcohol Alcohol. 2000; 35(5):531\u20132.\r\n[6]. Manzo-avalos S, Saavedra-molina A. Cellular and Mitochondrial Effects of Alcohol Consumption. 2010; 4281\u2013304.\r\n[7]. Weathermon R, Crabb DW. Alcohol and medication interactions. Alcohol Res Health. 1999; 23(1):40-54.\r\n[8]. Nakhoul MR, Seif KE, Haddad N, Haddad GE. Journal of Alcoholism &amp; Drug Fetal Alcohol Exposure\u202f: The Common Toll. 2017; 5(1):1\u20137.\r\n[9]. World Health Organization. Info on Alcohol &#8211; WHO. 2018; 1. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/infographic_alcohol_2018.pdf?ua=1%0Ahttps:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/alcohol\r\n[10]. Altunkaynak BZ. Overweight and structural alterations of the liver in female rats fed a high-fat diet\u202f: A stereological and histological study. 2009; 20(2):93\u2013103.\r\n[11]. Mohazzab P. Archimedes\u2019 Principle Revisited. J Appl Math Phys. 2017; 05(04):836\u201343.\r\n[12]. Palipoch S, Punsawad C. Biochemical and Histological Study of Rat Liver and Kidney Injury Induced by Biochemical and Histological Study of Rat Liver and Kidney Injury Induced by Cisplatin. 2013 ;( May 2014).\r\n[13]. Altunkaynak BZ, Sahin E. A stereological and histological analysis of spleen on obese female rats, fed with high fat diet. 2007 ;( May 2014).\r\n[14]. Haseba T, Ohno Y. A new view of alcohol metabolism and alcoholism-Role of the high-Km class III alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH3). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010; 7(3):1076\u201392.\r\n[15]. Pal P, Ray S. Alcoholic liver disease\u202f: A comprehensive review. 2016 ;( April):85\u201392.\r\n[16]. Yang L, Yang C, Thomes PG, Kharbanda KK, Casey CA, McNiven MA, et al. Lipophagy and alcohol-induced fatty liver. Front Pharmacol. 2019; 10(MAY):1\u201313.\r\n[17]. Donohue TM. Alcohol-induced steatosis in liver cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2007; 13(37):4974\u20138.\r\n[18]. Azor\u00edn I, Portol\u00e9s M, Mar\u00edn P, L\u00e1zaro-di\u00e9guez F, Meg\u00edas L, Egea G, et al. Prenatal ethanol exposure alters the cytoskeleton and induces glycoprotein microheterogeneity in rat newborn hepatocytes. 2004; 39(3):203\u201312.\r\n[19]. Rosa-toledo O, Almeida-chuffa LG, Martinez M, Felipe-pinheiro PF, Padovani CR, Martinez FE. Maternal separation on the ethanol-preferring adult rat liver structure. 2015; 14(6):910\u20138.\r\n[20]. Renau-piqueras J, Guerri C, Sanchis R. Hm _ hows Archiv A Qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes of rats prenatally exposed to ethanol with special reference to mitochondria, golgi apparatus and peroxisomes. Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1985; 405 (2):237-51.\r\n[21]. Kiki I, Altunkaynak BZ, Unal D. Effect of High Fat Diet on the Volume of Liver and Quantitative Feature of Kupffer Cells in the Female Rat\u202f: A Stereological and Ultrastructural Study. 2007 ;( November).\r\n[22]. Gabriel K, Hofmann C, Glavas M, Sc B, Weinberg J, Ph D. The Hormonal Effects of Alcohol Use on the Mother and Fetus. Journal of Alcohol Health and Research World. 1998; 22(3): 170-7\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Teresiah W. Musa, Kweri J. Kariuki, Caroline C. Sigei, Atanas N.Malik, Caroline Ndung\u2019u, Asena S.M ,Ann W. Mwangi , Rono W ,James Kanyoni M. , Peter Joseph K and Peris M, &#8220;The histostereological hepato-teratogenic effects of varied doses of ethanol in albino rats (Rattus novegicus) )&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.69-73 August 2021\u00a0URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/69-73.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/69-73.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-histostereological-hepato-teratogenic-effects-of-varied-doses-of-ethanol-in-albino-rats-rattus-novegicus\/ target=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The histostereological hepato-teratogenic effects of varied doses of ethanol in albino rats (Rattus novegicus) )<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad5e8e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ad5e8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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data-id=\"5ad6e74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad6ff9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad6ff9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad70bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad70bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad7297\" data-id=\"5ad7297\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad7421 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad7421\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad74e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad74e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad7708\" data-id=\"5ad7708\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad78a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad78a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Antinutrients and Minerals Content of Some Boiled and Unboiled Spices Commonly Consumed in South-Western Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Amodu S. O., Adeyemo A. I, Ejidike B.N. &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 74-77<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad7977 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad7977\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad7b88\" data-id=\"5ad7b88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad7d27 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ad7d27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Anti-nutrient and mineral contents of boiled and unboiled selected spices; moringa (Moringa oleifera) marugbo (Clerodendrum volubile), cotton seed (Gossypium hirsutum) and pepper soup spices ) were determined using standard procedures. The anti-nutrients properties examined were tannin, phytic , oxalated and saponin. Values recorded for tannin were 0.18, 0.37, 0.68 and 0.29 (%) for moringa, marugbo,cotton seed and pepper soup spices respectively. Phytic acid values (mg\/g) were obtained for moringa, marugbo,cotton seed and pepper soup spices were 1.98, 0.82,1.24 and 1.45 respectively. The values obtained for tannin dropped from 0.18 to 0.14% for moringa, 0.37 to 0.13% for marugbo, 0.68 to 0.25% for Cotton seed and 0.29 to 0.17% for Pepper soup spices. Similarly phytic acid diminished from 1.98 to 1.03mg\/g, 0.82 to 0.00mg\/g, 24 to 0.45.mg\/g and 1.45 to 0.82 mg\/g for moringa, marugbo,cotton seed and pepper soup spices respectively. Minerals examined in all spices showed lower values for the boiled spices. Sodium (mg\/100g ) for unboiled and boiled spices were 7.02 and 4.3 for moringa, 3.92 and 3.19 for marugbo 24.99 and 15.99 for cotton seed and 38.03 and 21.83 mg\/100g for pepper soup spices. Other minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron) examined in this work followed the same trend. The results showed that boiling employed in this study reduced the anti-nutrients content of the spices while the minerals were not affected . This work showed that boiling is still the cheapest method to reduce the anti-nutritional factors in foods<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 74-77 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Amodu S. O. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Ecotourism and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Adeyemo A. I<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Ecotourism and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ejidike B.N.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Ecotourism and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abara, A.E. (2003): Tannin content of discorea bulbufera. Journal of Chemistry Society Nigeria, 28; 55-56.\r\n[2] Aja, P.M., Okaka A.N.C, Onu, P.N., Ibiam, U &amp; Andurako A.J. (2010): Phytochemical composition of talinum traingulare (water leaf) leaves, Pakistan. Journal of Nutrition, 9 (6) p 527-530.\r\n[3] AOAC (2005): Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists.Washington,, USA.\r\n[4] AOAC (2010): Official methods of analysis of association of official analytical chemists, 18th edition, Washington, DC.\r\n[5] Binita, R. and Khetarpaul, N. (2012): Probiotic fermentation: Effect on antinutrients and digestibility of starch and protein of indigenous developed food mixture. National Library of Medicine; 11 (3): 139-147.\r\n[6] Enechi, O.C. and Odonwodu, I. (2003): An Assessment of the Phytochemical and nutrient Composition of Pulverised root of Cissus Quan drangularies. In Bioresearch, 1:63-68.\r\n[7] Federal Department of Rural Development, (2006): Comprehensive Africa Agriculture\r\n[8] Development programme. NEPAD.\r\n[9] Ihenkoroye, A. J. and Ngoddy, P.O. (2010): Integrated food science and technology for the Tropics [1985]. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nation.\r\n[10] Liu, R.H. (2003): Health, benefits of fruit and vegetables from additive and synergistic combination of phytochemicals, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78(3),5175-5205.\r\n[11] Meyer, I.H. (2012): Food chemistry, 3rd edition, Avi Publishing Company Connecticut, 219-204.\r\n[12] Muntro, A. &amp; Basir, O. (2010): Oxalate in Nigeria vegetable W.A.J. Biological Apply Chemistry, 12(1): 14-18.\r\n[13] Olagbemide, P. T. and Philip, C.N.A.(2014): Proximate analysis and chemical composition of rawand defatted moringa oleifera kernel. Advance in Life Science and Technology, Volume 24 ; 2224-7181.\r\n[14] Obdoni, B.O. and Ochuko, P.O. (2001): Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude exrtacts of some homeostatic plants in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. Global Journal, Pure &amp; Applied Science, 86, 203-208.\r\n[15] Ogbe, A.O. and John, P.A. (2012): Proximate study, mineral and anti-nutrient composition of moringa oleifere leaves harvested from Lafia, Nigeria; potential benefits in poultry nutrition and health. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and food science,1 (3):296-308.\r\n[16] Osagie, A.U. and Offong, O.U. (2011): Nutritional quality of plant foods, Post Harvest, 21- 24.\r\n[17] Pearson, D. (1976): The chemical analysis of foods, 7th ediction, Churchill Livingstone, London, 21-24.\r\n[18] Price, K.R., Johnson, I.I. &amp; Fenwich, C.R. (1987): The chemical and biological significance of saponin in food and feeding stuffs. CRC critical review in Food Science and Nutrition, 26:27-135.\r\n[19] Umaru, H.A. Adams, R. Dahiru, D. and Nadro, M. J. (2007): Levels of anti-nutritional factors in some wild edible fruit of northern Nigeria, African. Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (16):1935.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Amodu S. O., Adeyemo A. I, Ejidike B.N. &#8220;Assessment of Antinutrients and Minerals Content of Some Boiled and Unboiled Spices Commonly Consumed in South-Western Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.74-77 August 2021\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/74-77.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/74-77.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-antinutrients-and-minerals-content-of-some-boiled-and-unboiled-spices-commonly-consumed-in-south-western-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Assessment of Antinutrients and Minerals Content of Some Boiled and Unboiled Spices Commonly Consumed in South-Western Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad91bf elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ad91bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad92fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad92fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad9505\" data-id=\"5ad9505\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad96bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad96bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad9791 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad9791\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad9967\" data-id=\"5ad9967\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad9af5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad9af5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad9bbc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad9bbc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad9d83\" data-id=\"5ad9d83\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad9f09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad9f09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad9fe1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ad9fe1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ada1e9\" data-id=\"5ada1e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ada36b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ada36b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Implementation of Discharge Planning In Regional General Hospital: Nurses Perceived<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ardia Putra, Nelly Safrina, Hajjul Kamil, Yuswardi, Budi Satria &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 78-82<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ada430 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ada430\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ada629\" data-id=\"5ada629\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ada7c1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ada7c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Discharge planning is a nursing service provided to prepare patients for independent care after leaving the health care facility. Nurses have a significant role in the implementation of discharge planning. Failure to provide and document discharge planning will risk the severity of the disease, life-threatening, and physical dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to describe the nurse&#8217;s perception of the importance of discharge planning in the Inpatient Room at the RSUDZA Banda Aceh. This descriptive study used a cross-sectional approach, and the population is all nurses who work in the Inpatient Room RSUDZA Banda Aceh. The sampling technique in this study was simple random sampling, with a total of 61 respondents. The data collection tool is a questionnaire using a Likert scale consisting of 33 statements and data analysis in univariate analysis. The results showed that from 61 respondents, 67.2% of respondents perceived discharge planning as important to implement. The result for each variable is described simultaneously: 62.3% of respondents perceive medication as &#8220;important&#8221; to implement; then 63.9% of respondents perceive the environment as &#8220;less important&#8221; to be implemented; moreover, 82.0% of respondents perceive treatment as &#8220;important&#8221; to implement; continued by 65.6% of respondents perceive Health Teaching is &#8220;less important&#8221; to implement; 86.9% of respondents perceive Outpatient Referrals as &#8220;important&#8221; to implement; lastly, 73.8% of respondents perceive diet as &#8220;important&#8221; to implement. It is recommended that the hospital improve the quality of hospital services significantly in discharge planning by making guides\/permanent procedures for implementing discharge planning to patients.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 78-82 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6807\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6807<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ardia Putra <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFundamental &amp; Management of Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nelly Safrina<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNursing Staff at Pidie Jaya District Hospital, Pidie Jaya, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Hajjul Kamil<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFundamental &amp; Management of Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Yuswardi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFundamental &amp; Management of Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Budi Satria<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCommunity of Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Azimatunnisa, &amp; Kirnantoro. (2011). The Correlation of Discharge Planning With Readiness Repatriation\u2019s Level in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (p. 10).\r\n[2] Burns, N., &amp; Grove, S. K. (2005). The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique, and Utilization (5th ed.). Elsevier Saunders.\r\n[3] Hariyati, R. T. S., Afifah, E., &amp; Handiyani, H. (2008). Evaluation of Information Technology-Based Discharge Planning Model. 12(2), 53\u201358.\r\n[4] Hondro, L. K. (2018). Description of Implementation of Discharge Planning to Post-Operation\u2019s Patient Treated by Nurse in Patient Department Siloam Hospitals Dhirga Surya [Universitas Pelita Harapan]. http:\/\/repository.uph.edu\/id\/eprint\/3446\r\n[5] Ismainar, H. (2018). Management of work units: for medical recorders and health informatics of public health sciences nursing and midwifery. Deepublish.\r\n[6] Kusnanto. (2004). Introduction to the Profession and Practice of Professional Nursing. In Jakarta, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.\r\n[7] Lestari, Y. W. (2014). The Correlation Between Discharge Planning Implementation with Family Readiness to Perform Health Care Task to the Lung Tuberculosis Patient in Ward Rumah Sakit Paru Jember. Universitas Jember.\r\n[8] Noprianty, R., &amp; Noviyanti, S. (2019). Implementation of Discharge Planning by Professional Care Providers in the Inpatient Room. Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional, 4(3), 139\u2013146.\r\n[9] Nursalam. (2014). Nursing Management: Applications in Professional Nursing Practice. Salemba Medika.\r\n[10] Potter, P. A., &amp; Perry, A. G. (2012). Fundamentals of nursing: concepts, processes, and practices. (4th ed., Vol. 2). EGC.\r\n[11] Purnamasari, L. D., &amp; Ropyanto, C. B. (2012). Evaluation of the Implementation of Discharge Planning. Journal Nursing Studies, 1(1), 213\u2013218.\r\n[12] Rahayuningsih. (2014). Factors Affecting Delay in Discharge of Patients in the Integrated Surgical and Internal Medicine Inpatient Room Building A National Central General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.\r\n[13] Timby, B. K. (2009). Fundamental nursing skills and concepts. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.\r\n[14] Yosafianti, V., &amp; Alfiyanti, D. (2010). The Effect of Health Education on Patient Discharge Preparation on Patient Satisfaction About Nursing Services at Romani Hospital Semarang. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Unimus 2010, 114\u2013118. http:\/\/jurnal.unimus.ac.id\/index.php\/psn12012010\/article\/view\/55\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ardia Putra, Nelly Safrina, Hajjul Kamil, Yuswardi, Budi Satria &#8220;The Implementation of Discharge Planning In Regional General Hospital: Nurses Perceived&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.78-82 August 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2021.6807<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/78-82.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-implementation-of-discharge-planning-in-regional-general-hospital-nurses-perceived\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Implementation of Discharge Planning In Regional General Hospital: Nurses Perceived<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5adbb8b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5adbb8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5adbcaf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5adbcaf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5adbf1e\" data-id=\"5adbf1e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5adc0c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5adc0c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5adc1a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5adc1a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5adc378\" data-id=\"5adc378\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5adc51f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5adc51f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5adc5ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5adc5ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5adc7d8\" data-id=\"5adc7d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5adc965 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5adc965\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5adca2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5adca2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5adcc09\" data-id=\"5adcc09\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5adcda6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5adcda6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>E-Services Technology Based Influence on Banking Users<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Titus Zira Fate and Siyani Ezra Dogo &#8211; August 2021 Page No.: 83-89<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5adce70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5adce70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5add099\" data-id=\"5add099\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5add256 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5add256\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9525\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9526\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9521\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of the study is to investigate the electronic based e-service channel on banking users. Focus is given to some selected banking service channels, in this context, the service channel are speed of delivery, convenience, efficiency, reliability &amp; security are considered as service based technology channels. The methodology approach employed was the survey questionnaire administered to the respective users of the banking channels. Five hypotheses were formulated and tested using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). A survey of 248 valid questionnaire instruments, were collected from the customers of e-service banking users within Yola metropolis. Data obtained from the customers were analyzed using the SEM-PLS to determine the reliability and validity of the model. Besides, path coefficient and the degree of Influence on banks users were investigated. The findings indicate significant influence on banking users which can be categories as Small, Medium and Large Influence. The paper contributed to both theory &amp; practice, the research developed a model, tested with a data obtained from e-banking users which enable the financial sector know the services they deliver to their customers<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 83-89 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 September 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9522\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9522\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Titus Zira Fate <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFederal Medical Centre Katsina , Taraba State Univeristy, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Siyani Ezra Dogo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFederal Medical Centre Katsina , Taraba State Univeristy, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9523\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9523\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ardabili, F. S., Daryani, S. M., Molaie, M., Rasooli, E., &amp; Kheiravar, M. H. (2012). Importance of mutual relations on customer satisfaction in industries with no\/low direct contact with customers. African Journal of Business Management, 6(29), 8637\u20138643. https:\/\/doi.org\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5897\/AJBM11.2984\r\n[2] Adewoye, J. (2013). Impact of mobile banking on service delivery in the Nigerian commercial banks. International Review of Management and, 333\u2013344. Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com\/openview\/338295f2562cc380b99b4eda0d2de6fb\/1?pq-origsite=gscholar\r\n[3] Buell, R., Campbell, D., &amp; Frei, F. (2009). Are Self-Service Customers Satisfied or Stuck\u202f?\r\n[4] Bebli, R. S. (2010). The Impact of internet banking service quality on customer satisfaction in the.( Masters Thesis). Ghana\r\n[5] Chang, Man Kit., Cheung, Waiman., Cheng, C. H. (2002). The use of the Internet in Hong Kong\u202f: Manufacturing vs . Service The use of the Internet in Hong Kong\u202f: Manufacturing vs . Service. International Journal of Production Economics, 75, 33\u201335.\r\n[6] Dabholkar, P. A., Michelle Bobbitt, L., &amp; Lee, E. (2003). Understanding consumer motivation and behavior related to self\u2010scanning in retailing. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 14(1), 59\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/09564230310465994\r\n[7] Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness , Perceived Ease Of Use , And User Acceptance. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/249008\r\n[8] Demirci, F., &amp; Kara, A. (2014). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services Supermarket self-checkout service quality , customer satisfaction , and loyalty\u202f: Empirical evidence from an emerging market, 21, 2013\u20132015.\r\n[9] Fornell, C., &amp; Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3151312\r\n[10] Fang, Y.-Y. S. and K. (2004). The use of a decomposed theory of planned behavior to study Internet banking in Taiwan, 14(3), 213\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/10662240410542643\r\n[11] Fernandes, T., &amp; Pedroso, R. (2016b). The effect of self-checkout quality on customer satisfaction and repatronage in a retail context. Service Business, 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11628-016-0302-9\r\n[12] Gye-Soo, K. (2016). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM): An application in Customer Satisfaction Research. International Journal of U- and E- Service, Science and Technology, 9(4), 61\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14257\/ijunesst.2016.9.4.07\r\n[13] Jamal, A. &amp; Naser, K. (2003). factors influencing customer satisfaction in the retail banking sector in pakistan. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 13(2), 29\u201353.\r\n[14] Jiang, J. J., &amp; Klein, G. (2000). Discrepancy Theory Models Of Satisfaction In Information Systems Research . School of Accounting and Business Information Systems\r\n[15] Jun, M., Yang, Z., &amp; Kim, D. (2004). Customers\u2019 Perceptions of Online Retailing Service Quality and Their Satisfaction. International Journal of Quality &amp; Reliability Management, 21(8), 817\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02656710410551728 Krejcie, R. V, &amp; Morgan, D. (1970).Research Design and Method: A Systematic Review of Research Paradigms, Sampling Issues and Instruments Development Process. International Journal of Economic and Management Science, 24 607\u2013610.\r\n[16] Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., &amp; Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1\u20132), 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lrp.2013.01.001\r\n[17] Kumar, V., &amp; Bose, S. (2013). Adoption of Self Service Technologies (SST)-A study on the intention of Management students to use Internet Banking Services. \u2026 Research in Management, 8(1), 47\u201358. Retrieved from http:\/\/search.ebscohost.com\/login\r\n[18] Meuter, M. L., Bitner, M. J., Ostrom, A. L., &amp; Brown, S. W. (2005)The role of technology readiness in customers\u2019 perception and adoption of self-service. International Journal of Service Management Journal,17, 497-517\r\n[19] Muiruri, J. K., &amp; Ngari, J. M. (2014). Effects of Financial Innovations on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 4(7), 51\u201357.\r\n[20] Meuter, M. L., Ostrom, A. L., Roundtree, R. I., &amp; Bitner, M. J. (2000b). Self-Service Technologies: Understanding Customer Satisfaction with Technology-Based Service Encounters. Journal of Marketing, 50(64), 50\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1509\/jmkg.64.3.50.18024\r\n[21] Marzocchi, G. L., &amp; Zammit, A. (2007). Self-scanning technologies in retail\u202f: Determinants of adoption, (April 2015), 37\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02642060600850790\r\n[22] Ombati, T. O., Magutu, P. O., Nyamwange, S. O., &amp; Nyaoga, R. B. (2010). Technology and Service Quality in the Banking Industry: Importance and Performance of Various Factors Considered In the Electronic Banking Services. African Journal of Business &amp; Management (AJBUMA), 1(1985), 151\u2013164.\r\n[23] Oluwatolani, O., Joshua, A., &amp; Philip, A. (2011). The Impact of Information Technology in Nigeria \u2019 s Banking Industry. Journal of Vomputer Science and Engineering. 7(2), 63\u201367.\r\n[24] Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., &amp; Malhotra, A. (2005).E-Service: A Multiple-Item Scale for Assessing Electronic Service Quality. Journal of Service Research, 7(Feb.), 1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094670504271156\r\n[25] Rod, M., Ashill, N. J., Shao, J., &amp; Carruthers, J. (2009). An examination of the relationship between service quality dimensions, overall internet banking service quality and customer satisfaction. Marketing Intelligence &amp; Planning, 27(1), 103\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02634500910928344\r\n[26] Rymon, Y. T. R. (2008). Don \u2019 t imitate , innovate\u202f: the case of a hybrid education format in a management course Yaron Timmor * Talia Rymon, 2(4), 341\u2013357.\r\n[27] Reinders, M. J., Dabholkar, P. A., &amp; Frambach, R. T. (2008). Consequences of Forcing Consumers to Use Technology-Based Self-Service, 107\u2013123.\r\n[28] Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Smith, D., Reams, R., &amp; Hair, J. F. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): A useful tool for family business researchers. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(1), 105\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfbs.2014.01.002\r\n[29] White, H. &amp; Nteli, F. J. F. S. M. (2004). Internet banking in the UK: Why are there not more customers? Journal of Financial Services Marketing September 2004, Volume 9, Issue 1, pp 49\u201356.\r\n[30] Wang, J. Q. &amp; L. (2011). Thesis\u202f:An Application of SERVQUAL Model on Service Quality Evaluation.\r\n[31] Wynne W. Chin, M. K. O. L. (2000). A proposed model and measurement instrument for the formation of is satisfaction\u202f: the case of end-user computing satisfaction.\r\n[32] Yang, Z., &amp; Fang, X. (2004). Online service quality dimensions and their relationships with satisfaction. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(3), 302\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/09564230410540953\r\n[33] Yen, H. R. (2005). An attribute-based model of quality satisfaction for internet self-service technology. The Service Industries Journal, 25(5), 641\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02642060500100833\r\n[34] Zeithaml, V. a., Parasuraman, a., &amp; Malhotra, a. (2002). Service Quality Delivery through Web Sites: A Critical Review of Extant Knowledge. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(4), 362\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/009207002236911\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9524\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9524\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Titus Zira Fate and Siyani Ezra Dogo &#8220;E-Services Technology Based Influence on Banking Users&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-6-issue-8, pp.83-89 August 2021\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-6-issue-8\/83-89.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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data-id=\"5adf05c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5adf222\" data-id=\"5adf222\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5adf394 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5adf394\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px 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