{"id":7682,"date":"2022-03-07T06:50:45","date_gmt":"2022-03-07T06:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/?page_id=7682"},"modified":"2022-04-11T06:51:31","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T06:51:31","slug":"volume-vii-issue-ii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/archive\/volume-vii-issue-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VII Issue II"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7682\" class=\"elementor elementor-7682 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e4456f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e4456f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e448f8\" data-id=\"3e448f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e44b1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e44b1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Inter Cell Interference Mitigation for 4G Networks Using Intelligent Multi Cell Resource Coordination Algorithm<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Alozie P.E., Onoh G.N., Ebere U.C- Februray 2022 Page No.: 01-08<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e44c29 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e44c29\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e44e4d\" data-id=\"3e44e4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e4501b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3e4501b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6522\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6523\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6524\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6525\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6526\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6521\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This work presents the mitigation of inter cell interference for 4G networks using intelligent multi cell resource coordination algorithm. The study was embarked on to effectively manage and coordinate the effect of interference on 4G network which has resulted to poor throughput performance, latency and main effect on voice communication. The problem was solved developing an algorithm for the management of interference and deploying on the cells with priority on voice over internet data. This was implemented using Long term evolution toolbox, communication toolbox, signal processing toolbox and then deployed on the 4G eNodeB using Matlab. The system was tested on femto cell and the result showed that signal to noise to interference ratio was coordinated and average throughput percentage recorded is 70% which according to the ITU-T standard is good quality of service in 4G Network<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-08 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6522\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6522\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alozie P.E. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onoh G.N. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ebere U.C<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDestinet Smart Technologies\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6523\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6523\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ahmed Basim Atta AL-Aaloosi (2017) \u201cInter-Cell Interference Mitigation in LTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Mobile Networks\u201d; University of Salford ; School of Computing, Science and Engineering.\r\n[2] Alozie P. (2021)\u201d Mitigation of inter cell interference for 4G networks using intelligent multi cell resource coordination algorithm\u201d Enugu State University of Technology, Nigeria. PhD. dissertation (unpublished).\r\n[3] Cierny M, Wang H., Wichman R, and Ding Y. (2015) \u201cOn number of almost blank sub-frame in heterogenous cellular networks Number of ABSFs,\u201d vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1\u20135.\r\n[4] Daniela R. James Y. Yang T. (2014) \u201cInterference mitigation techniques for 4G networks\u201d; Other. Sup\u00e9lec.\r\n[5] Hiroyuki O., Tsuyoshi T. Hajime S and Masao M (2007) \u201c Study on appropriate vice data length of IP packets for VoIP Networks adjustment\u201d CiteseerX.\r\n[6] Mendrzik R., Castillo J, Bauch G., and Seidel E, (2016) \u201cInterference coordination-based downlink scheduling for heterogeneous LTE-A networks,\u201d IEEE Wirel. Commun.Netw.Conf. WCNC, vol. 2016\u2013Septe, no.WCNC, pp. 1\u20136.\r\n[7] Merwaday A., and G\u00fcven\u00e7 I, (2016) \u201cOptimisation of FeICIC for energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency in LTE-advanced HetNets,\u201d Electron. Lett., vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 982\u2013984.\r\n[8] Miernik J. and James P, (2014) \u201cAlgorithms for Enhanced Inter-Cell interference Coordination (elCIC) in LTE HetNets,\u201d Trans. Netw., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 137\u2013150\r\n[9] Naganuma N., Nakazawa S, Suyama S, Okumura Y., and Otsuka H., (2016) \u201cAdaptive control CRE technique for eICIC in HetNet,\u201d Int. Conf. Ubiquitous Futur. Networks, ICUFN, vol. 2016\u2013Augus, no. 2, pp. 4\u20136.\r\n[10] Sun Y., Deng T., Fang Y., Wang M., and Wu Y., (2016) \u201cA method for pico-specific upper bound CRE bias setting in HetNet,\u201d IEEE Wirel. Commun.Net. Conf. Work., pp. 80\u201384.\r\n[11] Tian P, Tian H., Zhu J. Chen L., She X, (2011) \u201cAn adaptive bias configuration strategy for range extension in LTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Networks\u201d, Communication Technology and Application (ICCTA), IET International Conference on, pp 336 &#8211; 340.\r\n[12] Trend U. 3GPP R1-121489, (2017) \u201cDiscussion on the features and signalling support for non-zero transmit power ABS.\u201d 3rd Genereation Partnership Project-TSG-RAN1 68bis, Jeju, Korea.\r\n[13] V\u00edctor Fern\u00e1ndez L\u00f3pez (2015) \u201cCooperative Resource Management and Interference Mitigation for Dense Networks\u201d Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University ISSN (online): 2246-1248\r\n[14] Vilches J. (2010) \u201cEverything you need to know about 4G wireless tehcnology\u201d Techspot.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6524\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6524\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Alozie P.E., Onoh G.N., Ebere U.C &#8220;Inter Cell Interference Mitigation for 4G Networks Using Intelligent Multi Cell Resource Coordination Algorithm&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-2, pp.01-08 Februray 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/01-08.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6525\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6525\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/01-08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6526\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6526\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/inter-cell-interference-mitigation-for-4g-networks-using-intelligent-multi-cell-resource-coordination-algorithm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inter Cell Interference Mitigation for 4G Networks Using Intelligent Multi Cell Resource Coordination Algorithm<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e4642d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e4642d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e46561 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e46561\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e4677e\" data-id=\"3e4677e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e4691b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e4691b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e469eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e469eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e4712b\" data-id=\"3e4712b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e472fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e472fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e473dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e473dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e475bc\" data-id=\"3e475bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e4778f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e4778f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e47864 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e47864\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e47a70\" data-id=\"3e47a70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e47bf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e47bf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of Production Line Quality Using Time Study<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Joy E. Abraham-Igwemoh, O.M.O. Etebu- Februray 2022 Page No.: 09-13<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e47cbe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e47cbe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e47ec7\" data-id=\"3e47ec7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e48069 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3e48069\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Every industry must devise a technique for evaluating the process output with measurable standard and take remedial action if there exist variation in both results; it is called quality control and it enhances productivity. This research focuses on the analysis of an industry\u2019s service quality using time study to identify the non-value adding task such as motion that increases the service delivery time thereby reducing the overall productivity. A flow chart was drawn to show the flow operation processes and five members of staff were examined to evaluate the observed time each task was performed relative to the standard time for efficiency computation. The results from the efficiency chart as depicted by the bar chart showed that task F, G, H and G (which required minimum motion) had the highest efficiencies in decreasing order compared to the other tasks. The location model was used to analyze the assembly line to determine suitable possible locations for both facility; storage site and workshop floor that will enhance staff efficiency and improve productivity. The effect of staff age and number of work experience relative to working hour was also evaluated and the result as shown by MS-Excel line plot is that, experience increases performance for technical tasks and is also a function of age while for task requiring human labour (in terms of effort) the younger the staff the higher the level of performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 09-13 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joy E. Abraham-Igwemoh<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>O.M.O. Etebu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdul T. B., Daiyanni D., (2010) \u201cTime motion study in determination of time standard for manpower process\u201d 3rd Engineering Conference on advancement in Mechanical and manufacturing for sustainable environment.Kuching Sarawak. Vol 14\r\n[2] Kowalik K., Klimecka-Tatar D. Brozova S. (2018) \u201cService quality model based on the 4Q\u2019s model and the system approach to service quality\u2019\u2019, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference: Contemporary Issues in Theory and Practice of Management, pp. 236-243.\r\n[3] Dorota K., Kamila K., (2020): \u201cAnalysis and Evaluation of service quality, quality improvement-A case study\u2019 Research gate, 2(9) pp 92-102.\r\n[4] Pedro H. A., Jose S. (2018) \u201cTime and motion study applied to a production line of organic lenses in Manuas Industral Hub\u201d\r\n[5] Pedro H. A and Jose S. (2018) Time and motion study applied to a production line of organic lenses in Manus Industria Hub\u201d Gest Prod,Sao Carlos,25(2) pp 901-915.\r\n[6] Nishanth A.S.,Rao R.P.,Rajyalakshmi G.(2016)\u201d Productivity Improvement Using Time Study Analysis in Small Scale Solar Appliances Industry-A Case Study.ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, Vol 11, pp 1.\r\n[7] Cengiz D.,Ayse C.,Yunus E.A.,(2018): \u2018 Productiviy Improvement by wrk and time study techniques for earth energy-glass manufacturing company\u2019.4th World Conference on Business, Economics and Management, WCBEM.\r\n[8] Keshavarz Y., Jamshidi D., (2018) \u201cService quality evaluation and the mediating role of perceived value and customer satisfaction in customer loyalty\u2019\u2019 International Journal of Tourism Cities, vol. 4(2) pp. 220-244.\r\n[9] Solimun, Fernandes A., (2018) ,\u201cThe mediation effect of customer satisfaction in the relationship between service quality, service orientation, and marketing mix strategy to customer loyalty\u2019\u2019 Journal of Management Development, vol. 37(1), pp. 76-87.\r\n[10] Kowalik K., Klimecka-Tatar D. Brozova S., (2018), \u201cService quality model based on the 4Q\u2019s model and the system approach to service quality\u2019\u2019, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference: Contemporary Issues in Theory and Practice of Management, pp. 236-243.\r\n[11] Cavallone M., Magno F., Zucchi A., (2017),\u201cImproving service quality in healthcare organizations through geomarketing statistical tools\u2019\u2019 The TQM Journal, vol. 29, no 5, pp. 690-704, Jun. 2017.\r\n[12] Rocha J., Pinto A., Batista M., Simpson J., Ambrosano G., (2017),\u201cThe importance of the evaluation of expectations and perceptions to improve the dental service quality\u201d International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 567-576.\r\n[13] Pakdil F., Kurtulmusoglu F. (2018), \u201cQuality improvement initiatives based on customer and service provider perspectives in shopping malls\u201d International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, vol. 10(2) pp.176-195.\r\n[14] Kowalik K., Klimecka-Tatar D.,(2017), \u201cIdentification of main areas of customer service process improving in the cinema\u201d Archiwum Wiedzy In\u017cynierskiej, vol. 2(1) pp. 42-44.\r\n[15] Izadi A., Jahani Y., Rafiei S., Masoud A., Vali L., (2017)\u201cEvaluating health service quality: using importance performance analysis\u201d International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 30(7), pp. 656-663.\r\n[16] Arbore A., Bussaca B.,(2011) \u201cRejuvenating importance-performance analysis\u201d Journal of Service Management, vol. 22(3) pp. 409-429.\r\n[17] Ingaldi M.(2018) \u201cOverview of the main methods of service quality analysis\u201d Production Engineering Archives, vol. 18, pp. 54-59.\r\n[18] Nakhai B., Neves J.,(2009) \u201cThe challenges of Six Sigma in improving service quality\u201d International Journal of Quality&amp;Reliability Management, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 663-683.\r\n[19] Hensley R..L., Dobbie K., (2005),\u201cAssesing Readiness for six sigma in service setting\u201d Managing Service Quality, vol. 15(1) pp. 82-101.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joy E. Abraham-Igwemoh, O.M.O. Etebu &#8220;Analysis of Production Line Quality Using Time Study&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-2, pp.09-13 Februray 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/09-13.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/09-13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-production-line-quality-using-time-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Analysis of Production Line Quality Using Time Study<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e493e5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e493e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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Mahmoud, Dahiru A. Ajiya, Umar F. Hassan, Khuzaifa Y. Muhammad, Sha\u2019aban Sallau and Salim Yushau, Abubakar H.I- Februray 2022 Page No.: 14-22<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e501ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e501ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e503ee\" data-id=\"3e503ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e505b4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3e505b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Biodiesel comprises of monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids. It is produced using edible oil, non-edible oil and animal fats by acid or base catalyzed transesterification with ethanol or methanol. In this research work, the oil was extracted using n-hexane. Response surface Methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the biodiesel production from seed oil. An optimum biodiesel yield of 98.32 % was obtained by transesterifying Jatropha seed oil with 0.30 g of catalyst and ethanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1 at 65 oC for 2 hrs. The experimental yield is in good agreement with the predicted yield, with relatively small percentage error (0.58 %). This shows that the proposed statistical model is suitable for prediction of optimized biodiesel yield and for optimization of transesterification process<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 14-22 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abbas Abubakar <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Auwal A. Mahmoud<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dahiru A. Ajiya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Umar F. Hassan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Khuzaifa Y. Muhammad<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sha\u2019aban Sallau<\/strong><\/span>\r\n2. Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Salim Yushau<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar H.I<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abubakar, A., Mahmoud, A.A., Yakubu, H., and Yushau, S. (2020). Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Seed oil from Terminalia mantaly Seed. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science 5, (1), 60-64.\r\n[2] Abubakar, H., Jauro, A., Abubakar, I.M., Abubakar, A., Yushau, S., and Sallau, S. (2020). Production and biodegradability of biodiesel from Lagenaria siceraria seed oil. International Journal of research and innovation in applied science 5, (3), 132-134.\r\n[3] Andualem, B and Gassesse, A. (2014).&#8221;Proximate composition mineral content and antinutritional factors of Bebra (Milletiaferruginea) seed flour as well as physicochemical characterization of its seed oil. ,&#8221; A springa open journal vol. 3, pp. 1-10.\r\n[4] Akpan, U. G. and Mohammed, J. A. (2007). &#8220;Extraction, characterization and modification of castor seed oil.,&#8221; Leonardo Journal of Sciences vol. 8, pp. 43\u201352.\r\n[5] Aremu, M., Olaofe, O., and Akintayo, E. (2006). &#8220;Chemical Composition and Physicochemical Characteristics of two Varieties of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterrenea) flours. ,&#8221; Journal of Applied Sciences vol. 6, pp. 1900 &#8211; 1903.\r\n[6] Abdulhamid, A., Sani, I., and Fekal, I. M. (2014). &#8220;Physicochemical Analysis of Soxhlet Extracted Oils from Selected Northern Nigerian Seeds.,&#8221; International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering vol. 8, pp. 1122-1124.\r\n[7] Arif, N., Masood, T., and S. Syed, S. (2012). &#8220;Evaluation of oil seeds for their potential nutrients. ,&#8221; ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science vol. 7,, pp. 730-734.\r\n[8] Aremu, M., Ibrahim, H., and T. Bamidele, T. (2015). &#8220;Physicochemical Characteristics of the Oils Extracted from some Nigerian Plants Foods. ,&#8221; A Review Chemical and Engineering Research vol. 32, pp. 36 &#8211; 52.\r\n[9] Aremu, M., lonisakin, O., Bako, D., and P. Madu, P. (2006). &#8220;Compositional studies and physicochemical characteristics of cashew nut (Anarcadium occidentale) flour. ,&#8221; Pakistan Journal of Nutrition vol. 5, pp. 328\u2013333.\r\n[10] Akma, I., Yaakob, Z., Anuar, N., Primandari, S., and Osman, M. (2012). &#8220;Physiochemical properties of Jatropha curcas seed oil from different origins and candidate plus plants (CPPs) &#8221; Journal of the American oil Chemists&#8217; Society vol. 89, pp. 293-300.\r\n[11] Adekunle, O., Eluwale, E., Saheed, A., Samson, O., and Jide, O. O. (2019). &#8221; Biodiesel Potentials and Lubricating Properties of Citrus sinensis Seed Oil. ,&#8221; International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry vol. 4, pp. 84-92.\r\n[12] Belewu, M. A., Adekola, F. A., Adebayo, G. B., G. B. Ameen, G. B., Muhammed, N. O. Olaniyan, et al. (2010). &#8220;Physico-chemical characteristics of oil and biodiesel from Nigerian and Indian Jatropha curcas seeds. International &#8221; Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences vol. 4, pp. 524-529.\r\n[13] Ebenezer, K. (2015). &#8220;Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of oil extract from the seed of umbrella tree (Terminalia mantalis),&#8221; International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, vol. 6, pp. 144-147.\r\n[14] Ejikeme, L., Obasi, N., and A. Egbuonu, A. (2010).&#8221;Physico-chemical and toxicological studies on Afzelia africana seed and oil. African Journal of Biotechnology &#8221; 9, vol. 13, pp. 1959-1963.\r\n[15] Elkady, M.F., Ahmed, Z., &amp; Ola, B. (2015). Production of Biodiesel from Waste Vegetable Oil via KM Micromixer. Journal of chemistry, 9, 1-9.\r\n[16] Emil, A., Zahira, Y., Kumar, M., Jahim, J. and Salimon, J. (2010)&#8221;Comparative Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Jatropha Seed Oil from Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. ,&#8221; Journal of American oil Chemists\u2019 Society vol. 87, pp. 689\u2013695, 2010.\r\n[17] Fan, X., Wang, X., and Chen, F. (2011). Biodiesel Production from Crude Cottonseed Oil: An Optimization Process Using Response Surface Methodology. The Open Fuels &amp; Energy Science Journal 4, 1-8.\r\n[18] Hamze, H., Akia, M., &amp; Yazdani, F. (2015). Optimization of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using response surface methodology. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 4, 1-10.\r\n[19] Hoekman, S.K., Broch, A., Robbins, C., Ceniceros, E., &amp; Natarajan, M. (2012). Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review 16, 143\u2013169.\r\n[20] Hossain, M. Alam, M. and M. Islam, M.(2007). &#8220;Physico-chemical and nutritional studies of Terminalia belerica Roxb. Seed oil and seed kernel.,&#8221; Journal of bio-sciences vol. 15, pp. 117-126.\r\n[21] Idris, M., Usman, M., and Igbafe, I. (2018). &#8220;Experimental Studies on Neem Seed (Azadirachta Indica) as a Possible Engineering Lubricating Fluid. ,&#8221; International Journal of Agriculture and Earth Science, vol. 4, pp. 25-34.\r\n[22] Jefferson, S., De, O., Polyanna, M., Lincoln, B., De, S., and M. Vin\u0131cius, M. (2009).&#8221;Characteristics and composition of J. gossypiifolia and J. curcas L. oils and application for biodiesel conversion,&#8221; Biomass and bioenergy vol. 33, pp. 449-453.\r\n[23] Kalpana, J.G., Bajaj, S.B., &amp; Sumedh, S.A.I., (2019). Analysis of Performance and Emission of Biodiesel with Perovskite Nanomaterial in Diesel Engine using Taguchi Approach. International Research Journal of Science &amp; Engineering 7, (1), 29-33.\r\n[24] Karmakar, G., Ghosh, P., and Sharma, B. (2017). &#8220;Chemically modifying vegetable oils to prepare green lubricants,&#8221; Lubricants vol. 5, p. 44.\r\n[25] Karmee, S., and Chadha, A. (2006). &#8220;Preparation of biodiesel from crude oil of Pongamia pinnata,&#8221; Bioresource Technology, vol. 96, p. 416.\r\n[26] Knothe, G., &amp; Steidley, R. K. (2007). Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel fuel component and related compounds. Influence of compound structure and comparison to petro-diesel fuel components. Fuel, 84, 1059-1065.\r\n[27] Kumar, V., &amp; Kant, P. (2013). Study of Physical and Chemical Properties of Biodiesel from Sorghum Oil. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences 3, (9), 64-68.\r\n[28] Latchubugata, C.S., Kondapaneni, RV, Patluri KK, Virendra, U &amp; Vedantam S (2018) Kinetics and Optimization Studies using Response Surface Methodology in Biodiesel Production using Heterogeneous Catalyst. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 18, 1-30.\r\n[29] Lee, H.V., Yunus, R., Juan, J.C., &amp; Taufiq-Yap, Y.H. (2011). Process optimization design for jatropha-based biodiesel production using response surface methodology. Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 2420\u20132428.\r\n[30] Mabrouk, S. (2005). &#8220;Making Useable, Quality Opaque or Transparent Soap,&#8221; Journal of Chemical Education vol. 82, pp. 1534 \u2013 1537, 2005.\r\n[31] Mahmoud, A. A., Abubakar, A., Yushau, S., and Yakubu, H. (2019). Extraction and characterization of the seed oil from Terminalia mantaly seed. International Journal of research and innovation in applied science 5, (1), 60-64.\r\n[32] Mahmoud, A. A., Kwada, S. I., Jauro, A., and Abubakar, A. (2020). Production and biodegradability of biodiesel from Lagenaria siceraria seed oil. International Journal of research and innovation in applied science 5, and (3), 94-98.\r\n[33] Michael, A., and Cynthia, F. (2019). &#8220;Physicochemical properties of Hura crepitans and Pycnanthus angollensis Seed Oils and Their Possible Uses &#8221; Scholars Bulletin vol. 5, pp. 184-187.\r\n[34] Monnet, Y., Gbogouri, A., Kouadio, B., and Patrice, K. (2012). &#8220;The chemical characterization of seeds and seed oils from mature Terminalia catappa fruits harvested in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire,&#8221; International Journal of Biosciences vol. 2, pp. 110-124.\r\n[35] Moyo, L.B, Iyuke, S.E., Muvhiiwa, R.F., Simate, G.S., &amp; Hlabangana, N. (2021). Application of response surface methodology for optimization of biodiesel production parameters from waste cooking oil using a membrane reactor. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 35, 1-7.\r\n[36] Murugesan, A., Umaran, C., Chinnusamy, T.R., Krishnan. M., Subramanian, R., &amp; Neduzchezhain, N. (2009). Renewable and Sustainanable. Energy Review 13, 825\u2013834.\r\n[37] Ogwuche, C. E., &amp; Edema, M. O. (2020). GC-MS and FTIR Characterization of essential oil from the fresh leaves of Pandanus candalabrum obtained from Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research, 25(1), 1-10.\r\n[38] Orhevba, B., Adebayo, S., and A. Salihu, A. (2016). &#8220;Synthesis of biodiesel from tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) seed oil. Current &#8221; Research in Agricultural Sciences vol. 3, pp. 57-63.\r\n[39] Puhan, S., Vedaraman, N., Ram, B., Sankarnarayanan, G., and K. Jeychandran, K. (2005). &#8220;Mahua oil (Madhua indica seed oil) methyl ester as biodiesel-preparation and emission characteristics. ,&#8221; Biomass and Bioenergy vol. 28, pp. 87-93.\r\n[40] Premjet, D., Abraham, K., Hah, Y., Seung, W. and Premjet, S. (2021). &#8220;Physicochemical Characterization of Jatropha podagrica Seed Oil for Potential Biodiesel Production and other Industrial Applications in Thailand,&#8221; Sains Malaysiana vol. 50, pp. 85-92, 2021.\r\n[41] Ramadhas, A.S., Jayaraj, S., &amp; Muraleedharan, C. (2005). Biodiesel production from FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel 84, 335-340.\r\n[42] Saeed, K., and Abbas, A. (2016).&#8221;Determination of the Physico-Chemical Properties of Z-spinachristi (Nabag) Seed Crude oil,&#8221; Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 2, pp. 22-35.\r\n[43] Saeed. M., and E. Shola, E. (2015). &#8220;Extraction and physico chemical properties of some edible seed oils sampled in keno metropolis, Kano State,&#8221; Bayero Journal of pure and applied sciences vol. 8, pp. 239 \u2013 244.\r\n[44] Shuit, S.H., Lee, K.T., Kamaruddin, A.H. &amp; Yusup, S. (2010). Reactive extraction of Jatropha curcas L. seed for production of biodiesel: Process optimization study. Environmental Science &amp; Technology, 44, 4361-4367.\r\n[45] Singh, S.P., &amp; Singh, D. (2010). Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews14, (1), 200-216.\r\n[46] Snezana A.K., Petar, R., Vladimir, G., Tatiana M. L., &amp; David W. M. (2020). Essential Oil Quality and Purity Evaluation via FT-IR Spectroscopy and Pattern Recognition Techniques. Applied sciences, 10 (7294), 1-12.\r\n[47] Tan, Y,H., Abdullah, M.O., Nolasco-Hipolito, C., and Zauzi, N.S.A., (2017). Application of RSM and Taguchi mothods for optimizing the transesterification of waste cooking oil catalyzed by solid ostrich and chicken-eggshell derived CaO. Renewable energy, 114, 437-447.\r\n[48] Umar, D. M., Jauro, A., Yushau, S., Abubakar, A., H. Abubakar, H., Abubakar, et al.(2020). &#8220;Characterization and Determination of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Values of the Seed Oils of Sorrel (Hibbiscus Sabdariffa) and Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus) &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science vol. 5, pp. 1-7.\r\n[49] Wong, Y.C., Tan, Y.P., Taufiq-yap, Y.H., &amp; Ramli, I. (2015). An Optimization Study for Transesterification of Palm Oil using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).Sains Malaysiana, 44(2), 281\u2013290.\r\n[50] Yunus, M.M., Zuru, A.A., Faruq, U.Z., &amp; Aliero, A.A, (2013) Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel from African Grapes (Lannea microcarpa Engl. &amp; K.Krause) Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science 21, (2), 127-130.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abbas Abubakar, Auwal A. Mahmoud, Dahiru A. Ajiya, Umar F. Hassan, Khuzaifa Y. Muhammad, Sha\u2019aban Sallau and Salim Yushau, Abubakar H.I &#8220;Optimization Process of Parameters for the Transesterification of <i>Jatropha curcas<\/i> Seed Oil using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-2, pp.14-22 Februray 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/14-22.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/14-22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/optimization-process-of-parameters-for-the-transesterification-of-jatropha-curcas-seed-oil-using-response-surface-methodology-rsm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Optimization Process of Parameters for the Transesterification of <i>Jatropha curcas<\/i> Seed Oil using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e519a8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e519a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e51ae1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e51ae1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e51ce1\" data-id=\"3e51ce1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e54a28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e54a28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e54b66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e54b66\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e54db0\" data-id=\"3e54db0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e54f50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e54f50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e55025 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e55025\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e55213\" data-id=\"3e55213\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e553a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e553a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e5546d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e5546d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e5566f\" data-id=\"3e5566f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e557ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e557ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Experimental Investigation of Energy Efficiency and Saving Opportunities for an Industrial Boiler in Process Industry: A Case Study of a Textile Manufacturing Industry in Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Isaiah kimutai and Paul Maina &#8211; Februray 2022 Page No.: 23-30<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e558c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e558c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e55aaf\" data-id=\"3e55aaf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e55c45 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3e55c45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Boilers are widely used in process industries to generate steam and hot water. Boiler systems represent a significant portion of total industrial energy use. A slight improvement of boiler efficiency reduces production cost which is necessary for textile industries especially in developing countries to remain profitable and competitive both locally and globally. This paper presents performance assessment of industrial Wood fire- tube boiler used in a textile industry. Performance test was conducted to determine actual performance and energy efficiency of the boiler by flue gas analysis of various flue gas samples exiting the boiler installation. The results displayed poor performance of the boiler with overall efficiency of 17.35% against design efficiency ranging between 75-77%. The major heat losses of the boiler found include dry flue gas loss (58.97%), heat loss due to moisture present in fuel (11.48%) and heat loss due to evaporation of water formed due to H2 present in fuel (9.61%). Based on the results high energy potential lies on excess air control and reduction of moisture content present in wood fuel.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 23-30 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isaiah kimutai<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical &amp; Production Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Paul Maina <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical &amp; Production Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Khude, P (2017). A Review on Energy Management in Textile Industry. Innovative Energy &amp;Research.\r\n[2] Hasanbeigi, A. (2010). Energy-efficiency improvement opportunities for the textile industry. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\r\n[3] Capehart, B.L., Turner, W. C. and Kennedy, W. J. (2012). Guide to energy management. Seventh Edition. The Fairmont Press, Inc.USA\r\n[4] United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Industrial Technologies Program (ITP), Steam Tip Sheets, January 2006. Industrial technologies Program, Office of Industrial Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, USA. 2006\r\n[5] Barma, M. C., Saidur, R., Rahman, S. M. A., Allouhi, A., Akash, B. A., &amp; Sait, S. M. (2017). A review on boilers energy use, energy savings, and emissions reductions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 970-983\r\n[6] Bureau of Energy Efficiency-India (BEE), 2008. Energy Efficiency in Thermal Utilities-Chapter 2. Energy performance assessment of boilers.\r\n[7] Kouprianov V, Chullabodhi C, Kaewboonsong W. Cost based optimization of excess air for fuel oil\/gas-fired steam boilers. Int Energy J 2007; 21(2).\r\n[8] Jayamaha L. Energy-efficient building systems: green strategies for operation and maintenance. McGraw Hill Professional; 2006\r\n[9] United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE), 2004. Energy Use, Loss and Opportunities Analysis: U.S. Manufacturing &amp; Mining.\r\n[10] Sathaye, J.; Price, L.; de la Rue du Can, S.; Fridley, D., (2005). Assessment of Energy Use and Energy Savings Potential in Selected Industrial Sectors in India. Report No. 57293, Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\r\n[11] Hasanbeigi, A., &amp; Price, L. (2010). Industrial energy audit guidebook: Guidelines for conducting an energy audit in industrial facilities.\r\n[12] Morvay, Z.K. and Gvozdenac, D.D., (2008). Applied Industrial Energy and Environmental management. John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd. UK.\r\n[13] U.S.EPA, (2001). Guide to Industrial Assessment for Pollution Prevention and Energy Efficiency.EPA\/625\/R-99\/003.United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development Washington DC.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Isaiah kimutai and Paul Maina &#8220;Implementation of a Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction System for the Nigerian Stock Exchange&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-2, pp.23-30 Februray 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/23-30.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/23-30.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/experimental-investigation-of-energy-efficiency-and-saving-opportunities-for-an-industrial-boiler-in-process-industry-a-case-study-of-a-textile-manufacturing-industry-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Experimental Investigation of Energy Efficiency and Saving Opportunities for an Industrial Boiler in Process Industry: A Case Study of a Textile Manufacturing Industry in Kenya\/a&gt;<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e56fbf elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e56fbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e57100 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e57100\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e57300\" data-id=\"3e57300\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5a08e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e5a08e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e5a1b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e5a1b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e5a3f7\" data-id=\"3e5a3f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5a58e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e5a58e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e5a660 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e5a660\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e5a84d\" data-id=\"3e5a84d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5a9ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e5a9ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e5aaa7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e5aaa7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e5ac99\" data-id=\"3e5ac99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5ae16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e5ae16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Inventory Management Best Practices in Malaysia Manufacturing<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Santhirasegaran Nadarajan, Sitraselvi Chandren, Ezanee Bin Mohamed Elias, Kamarul Irwan bin Abdul Rahim &#8211; Februray 2022 Page No.: 31-33<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e5aeed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e5aeed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e5b0d2\" data-id=\"3e5b0d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5b27f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3e5b27f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Inventory management best practices succumb to how well a company efficiently control the stocks which have repercussion on overall financial position as it is well known as capital assets which may lead to liabilities when poorly manage. This paper shall address some key success factors in managing inventory efficiently and effectively base on the main author working experience more than fifteen years in electronic and electrical manufacturing. The approach of having efficient stock control point reflects how well the manufacturing paying lot of attention to ensure the current capital asset properly been used and replenished at the same time by not keeping too much inventories and having too low as well. This review paper shall be an eye opener for industry players and academic in building knowledge and concept benchmarking the best practices commonly uphold by many manufacturing and add on contribution to research community.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 31-33 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Santhirasegaran Nadarajan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Technology Management &amp; Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok Kedah, Malaysia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sitraselvi Chandren<\/strong><\/span>\r\nTunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok Kedah, Malaysia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ezanee Bin Mohamed Elias<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Technology Management &amp; Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok Kedah, Malaysia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kamarul Irwan bin Abdul Rahim<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Technology Management &amp; Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok Kedah, Malaysia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Go\u0142a\u015b, Z. (2020). The effect of inventory management on profitability: Evidence from the Polish food industry: Case study. Agricultural Economics, 66(5), 234-242.\r\n[2] Mohd Nawi, M. N., Nadarajan, S., Ibrahim, S. H., &amp; Mustapha, R. (2017). Procurement performance and supplier management measurement issues: a case of Malaysian private company. International Journal of Supply Chain Management (IJSCM), 6(1), 246-253.\r\n[3] Nadarajan, S., Abdul Rahim, M. K. I., &amp; Mohd Saifudin, A. (2019). Innovation diffuse \u201cE-DELJIT\u201d system: a new concept in reducing the impact of supply networks disruption. International Journal of Supply Chain Management (IJSCM), 8(6), 893-896.\r\n[4] Nadarajan, S., Chandren, S., Abdul Rahim, M. K. I., Radzuan, K., &amp; Mohd Nawi, M. N. (2018). Examining inventory performance measured by days of supply. International Journal of Supply Chain Management (IJSCM), 7(6), 114-117.\r\n[5] Chandren, S., Nadarajan, S., &amp; Abdullah, Z. (2015). Inventory physical count process: A best practice discourse. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 4(3), 87-93.\r\n[6] S Nadarajan, G Nadarajah, AY Bahaudin 2014 Determinants of materials shortages affecting supply chain: Review on semiconductor manufacturing\r\n[7] Chandren, S., Nadarajan, S., &amp; Nadarajah, G. (2012). Causes of Inventory Errors and Its impact on Supply Chain. International Journal of Academic Research, 4(5).\r\n[8] Nadarajan, S., &amp; Chandren, S. (2011). Review on causes of raw materials shortages on electronic base manufacturing built to order perspective. European Journal of Scientific Research, 66(2), 219-224.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Santhirasegaran Nadarajan, Sitraselvi Chandren, Ezanee Bin Mohamed Elias, Kamarul Irwan bin Abdul Rahim &#8220;Inventory Management Best Practices in Malaysia Manufacturing&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-2, pp.31-33 Februray 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/31-33.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/31-33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" 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data-id=\"3e5fb98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e5fd84\" data-id=\"3e5fd84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5ff21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e5ff21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e5fff6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e5fff6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e60230\" data-id=\"3e60230\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e603bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e603bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Social Policy Programmes (N-Power) on Youth Development, In Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>FELIX, Maxwell Gaya, WILLIAMS, James Geffery and SUNDAY, Tufang- Februray 2022 Page No.: 34-39<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e6049a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e6049a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e6069a\" data-id=\"3e6069a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e60849 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3e60849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6541\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6542\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6543\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6544\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6545\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6545\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6546\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6546\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6541\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The study examined the impact of social policy programmes (N Power) on youth development in Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the impact of Social policy programmes (the N power) scheme in employment generation, economic wellbeing and job skills enhancement of youth. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to sample four hundred respondents and the data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study revealed that N-power scheme create job opportunities, curtail incidence of poverty, training of youth as all the items were accepted. The programme improved living standard among youth as all the items were accepted by the respondents and the most common N-power programme is N-power teach. The scheme face challenges of supervision, delay in payment of stipulated allowance and attitudes of some volunteer. The study concluded that the programme meant to provide employment to unemployed youth but faced some challenges for the youth to fully benefit from the scheme. It was recommended that government should provide skills acquisition Centre, adequately funded, equipped and due attention should be given at all levels to serve as a hub for massive employment generation, ramp up pressures on state governments to absorb some of the volunteers who happened to be in good records, give incentive to both staff and volunteer of the programme and Local Government Areas should have office access to the National investment Headquarters at Abuja for complain, and for regular supervision.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 34-39\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6542\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>FELIX, Maxwell Gaya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdamawa State College of Education, Hong\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>WILLIAMS, James Geffery <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdamawa State College of Education, Hong\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>SUNDAY, Tufang<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdamawa State College of Education, Hong\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6543\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abu, C.U. (2015). Subsidy reinvestment and empowerment programme (sure-p) and employment generation in Nigeria, 2012-2014. Abuja: Halali Publishers\r\n[2] Agbaegbu, T. (2008) \u201cNnamani\u201fs 20 foreign accounts\u201d, news watch, may 19.\r\n[3] Anyebe, A.A. (2016). An overview of National Directorates of Employment (NDE) and its mandates in Nigeria. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 1(2), pp20-28.\r\n[4] Arvind, S. and Evernet, M.R.: Olewe, Bernard N. (1995).Development Administration. Aba grace ventures.\r\n[5] Cohen, d. (2005); Poverty and HIV\/AIDS in sub-Saharan African, issue paper no 27.\r\nEssan, F. (1996); \u201e\u201fComputer Literacy for National Development\u201f\u201f. Nigeria Journal of Computer Literacy. Vol.1, No.1(12-18).\r\n[6] Federal Government of Nigeria. (2018). Investing in our People: A Brief on the National Social Investment Programme in Nigeria. Author.\r\n[7] Giwa, S. (2008), \u201cNigeria: youth Development and Challenges ahead\u201d. Leadership (Abuja) 18 April. Http:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200804\/8039.html. [6] Guardian (2008) 30th October\r\n[8] Ibrahim, Fatima O. (2008) Youth Empowerment and National Development in Nigeria\u201canAssessment of NDE\u201d. A paper presented at a 2 day International Conference on Nigeria Youth, political Participation and national development organized by Centre for Democratic Research and Training (CDRT), Bayero University Kano.\r\n[9] Kemmis, S. And Wilkinson, M. (1998); \u201cparticipatory action research and study of Practice\u201d: in Kura, K.H. (2008) \u201cYouth participation in National Development opportunities and challenges\u201d. A paper presented at a 2 dayInternational conference on Nigeria youth and national development organized by the center for Democratic Research and Training (CDRT).Bayero University Kano.\r\n[10] Kura, K.M. (2008). \u201cYouth participation in national development: opportunities andChallenges\u201d. A paper presented at a 2-day international conference on Nigeria youth and national development organized by CDRT, Bayero University Kano.\r\n[11] Longe, O. (2017). Graduate unemployment in Nigeria: causes, consequences and remediable approaches. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 7(4) pp 23-31.\r\n[12] National Bureau of Statistic. (2016). Poverty Profile in Nigeria. Retrieved from httpswww.nbs.ogr.ng\r\n[13] National youth Policy of Nigeria, Abuja, 2001.\r\n[14] Nwankwo, O.O. and Udeh, C. S. (2005). \u201cMilitias, vigilantes and gangs: implications for conflict management\u201d. In udeh (2008) \u201cyouth unemployment and poverty in Nigeria: implication for national security\u201d. A paper presented at a 2-day international conference on Nigeria youth, political participation and national development organized by CDRT, Bayero University, Kano.\r\n[15] Odu, E.N.(2007). Introductory Statistics and Research Methods. Calabar: Ojies Ojies Productions\r\n[16] Ogwunike, F.O. (2005). Needs and challenges in poverty reduction in Nigeria: Central bank of Nigeria economic and financial review. Ogun: Ola publishers\r\n[17] Olajide, S.E. &amp; Dioh, M.L. (2017). Appraisal of Security Challenges within the Nigerian Residential Neighborhood: In Search for a Sustainable Theoretical Framework. Retrieved from https\/\/www.medwelljournals.com 3-32019\r\n[18] Oluwojodu, F., Blaauw, D., Grayling, L. &amp; Kleynhans, P.J. (2015). Graduate Unemployment in South Africa: Perspective from the Banking Sector. South African Journal of Human Resources Management., 13(1), pp 29-34.\r\n[19] Orluwene, O.B. (2008). \u201cFailed state and youth excesses in Nigeria: the Niger delta regionexperience\u201d a paper presented at the international conference on Nigeria youth and national development organized by CDRT, Bayero University, Kano.\r\n[20] Osuola, E. C. (2017). Introduction to research methodology, (3rd ed.). Onitsha: African-Fep Publishers.\r\n[21] Pan-African youth chatter (2006). In: United Nations World Youth Report, 2007. http:\/\/www.un.org.\r\n[22] Salami, C.G.E. (2013).Youth Unemployment in Nigeria: A Time for Creative Intervention. International Journal of Business and Marketing Management, 1 (2), pp 43-59\r\n[23] Uchechukwu, N.O. (2008). \u201e\u201fNigerian YouthUnemployment and Poverty: implication forNational Development\u201d. A paper presented at the international conference on Nigerian youth and national development organized by CDRT, Bayero University Kano.\r\n[24] Udeh, C.S. (2008). \u201cYouth Unemployment and Poverty in Nigeria: implication for National Security\u201d. A paper presented at the international conference on Nigeria youth political participation and national development organized by CDRT, Bayero University Kano.\r\n[25] United Nation Development Programme (UNDP). (2016). Annual Report 2016. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.Ng.Undp.Org.19-4-2019\r\n[26] United nation world youth report (2007). Http:www.un.org.\r\n[27] Wokocha, R.A. (2002), \u201cYouth and the Challenges of Social Development in the Niger Delta\u201d. In Wokocha, R. A. (2002). (ed). Development right issues in the Niger Delta.Port Harcourt. Kite books.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6544\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">FELIX, Maxwell Gaya, WILLIAMS, James Geffery and SUNDAY, Tufang &#8220;Impact of Social Policy Programmes (N-Power) on Youth Development, In Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-2, pp.34-39 Februray 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/34-39.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6545\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6545\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6545\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/34-39.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6546\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6546\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6546\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-social-policy-programmers-n-power-on-youth-development-in-hong-local-government-area-of-adamawa-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Social Policy Programmes (N-Power) on Youth Development, In Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e61ca1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e61ca1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e61dd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e61dd7\" 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elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e62680\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e6285b\" data-id=\"3e6285b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e629d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e629d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e62a93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e62a93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e62c6d\" data-id=\"3e62c6d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e62dde elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e62dde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e62ea1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e62ea1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e63078\" data-id=\"3e63078\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e631ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e631ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e632ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e632ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e6349f\" data-id=\"3e6349f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e6361a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e6361a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Modified Tentacle Algorithm for Collision Avoidance for UAV<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>C.N. Eze, N. Nnaji- Februray 2022 Page No.: 40-42<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e636db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e636db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e638cc\" data-id=\"3e638cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e63a5d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3e63a5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6541\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6542\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6543\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6544\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6545\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6545\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6546\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6546\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6541\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">A collision avoidance methodology in UAV Operation using the modified tentacles algorithm is proposed in this work. Tremendous and remarkable achievements have been recorded in the area of collision avoidance in UAV operations. Applying the modified tentacles algorithm, this research used two point research objectives the principal aim was to maintain accurate collision avoidance. With a reliable simulation result, an algorithm based on the modified tentacles technique was proposed. This was also modeled. In executing the proposed algorithm, a 3D environmental data and information were converted to 2D information for ease of mathematical computation. Appropriate occupancy grid maps were generated to show a practical result of the 3D conversion to 2D. Thus, instead of dealing with an x, y, z or three dimensional environments, an x, y or two dimensional environment results and mathematical differentiation was applied. A development of an integrated model comprising of the conventional, Modified Tentacles Algorithm. This all inclusive integrated model was simulated in order to validate and justify the work. It is a justification and validation of this research on the use of Modified Tentacles Algorithm in achieving energy efficiency in UAV operations. It has been established that energy consumption in UAV operations is influenced by its mode of operation at a given time.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 40-42\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 March 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7201<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6542\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>C.N. Eze<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Engineering Enugu State Polytechnic Iwollo Ezeagu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>N. Nnaji <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electronic Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6543\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] M. Zhang. Formation flight and collision avoidance for multi- ple uavs based on modified tentacle algorithm in unstructured environments. PLoS ONE, 12(8):e0182006, 2017.\r\n[2] Yu Wan, Jun Tang, and Songyang Lao. Research on the Collision Avoidance Algorithm for Fixed-Wing UAVs Based on Maneuver Co- ordination and Planned Trajectories Prediction. Applied Sciences Publications, 2019.\r\n[3] Hyun-Rok Cha Huang and Sung Yong Jung. Practical en- durance estimation for minimizing energy consumption of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles. Energies, 11:2221, 2019\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6544\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">C.N. Eze, N. Nnaji &#8220;Modified Tentacle Algorithm for Collision Avoidance for UAV&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-2, pp.40-42 Februray 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7201<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6545\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6545\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6545\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/40-42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6546\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6546\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6546\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/modified-tentacle-algorithm-for-collision-avoidance-for-uav\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Modified Tentacle Algorithm for Collision Avoidance for UAV<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e65821 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e65821\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e65988 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e65988\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e65c8e\" data-id=\"3e65c8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e65f15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e65f15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e65fff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e65fff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e662f3\" data-id=\"3e662f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e66536 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e66536\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e670e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e670e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e67220 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e67220\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e67527\" data-id=\"3e67527\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e67804 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e67804\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e6796e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e6796e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e67c49\" data-id=\"3e67c49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e67e2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e67e2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of Marketing Chain of Vegetable Commodities in Around the Areas Affected by the Liquefaction Disaster<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Puput Puspitasari Syamdi, Rustam Abd Rauf, Efendy, Arifuddin Lamusa, Isrun, Muhammad Basir-Cyio, Mohammad Rendy- Februray 2022 Page No.: 43-52<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e67f72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e67f72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e6822e\" data-id=\"3e6822e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e68456 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3e68456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6541\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6542\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6543\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6544\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6545\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6545\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6546\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6546\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6541\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Many factors cause why farmers do not have the ability to maintain their socio-economic life, mainly because it is difficult to obtain fresh funds, unavailability of production facilities and supporting factors such as fertilizers, superior seeds, counseling, and the low attention of local and central governments.Explorative and developmental research, which focuses on exploratory activities in providing an overview in mapping the profile of farmers, including the supply chain of vegetables sold to the capital city of Palu, the capital city of Central Sulawesi Province as well as a trading center and government. The research was carried out around the areas affected by the Jono Oge and Sidondo Earthquake and Liquefaction of Sigi Regency to look at the marketing chain and Palu City to see the supply chain at the Masomba and Manonda traditional markets, while to see the perpetrators of the trade system were traced based on the location of the traders and suppliers domiciled. To find out the suppliers in the traditional market, a careful identification is carried out so that the percentage (share) of suppliers outside Jono Oge can be known.The data analysis used in this research is descriptive.The longer the marketing chain in the tomato and chili vegetable trading system in the research area around Jono Oge and Sidondo which was affected by the earthquake and liquefaction, the more inefficient it will be. Thus, marketing channel I for both tomatoes and chilies is the one that gives a higher Farmer&#8217;s Share value and is more efficient than marketing channel II. All institutions involved in the marketing chain, from farmers, traders to retailers, carry out marketing functions, namely buying, selling, transportation, storage, processing, standardization and grading, financing, risk management, and market information. The margin share of producer farmers in each marketing channel for each tomato and chili is 84% and 89.74%, respectively.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 43-52\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 March 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7202<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6542\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Puput Puspitasari Syamdi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPostgraduate Students, Masters Program in Agribusiness, Postgraduate Tadulako University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rustam Abd Rauf <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Efendy <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Arifuddin Lamusa <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isrun <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Basir-Cyio <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammad Rendy <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPublic Administration Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Tadulako University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6543\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abebe, GK, Bijman, J., &amp; Royer, A. 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Nursing Outlook, S0029655420306199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.outlook.2020.08.005\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6544\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Puput Puspitasari Syamdi, Rustam Abd Rauf, Efendy, Arifuddin Lamusa, Isrun, Muhammad Basir-Cyio, Mohammad Rendy &#8220;Analysis of Marketing Chain of Vegetable Commodities in Around the Areas Affected by the Liquefaction Disaster&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-2, pp.43-52 Februray 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7202<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e6bb9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e6bb9e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e6bdbf\" data-id=\"3e6bdbf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e6bf7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e6bf7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Probing the Effect of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning on Accounting Functions (Evidence from Selected Companies)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Onwughai, Emelenjor Austin- Februray 2022 Page No.: 53-69<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e6c092 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e6c092\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e6c339\" data-id=\"3e6c339\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e6c551 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3e6c551\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6541\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6542\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6543\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6544\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6545\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6545\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6546\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6546\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6541\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6541\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Artificial intelligence technology has no doubt gained ground in the field of accounting and in the performance of several routine functions. This is going to be a growing phenomenon as the entire world continues to seek for ways to use and depend more on technology and machines to perform functions hitherto done by humans, especially with the new normal of remote work brought to the fore by the COVID-19 global pandemic. This study focuses on the impact of the adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies on the accounting functions of business organisations. Survey questionnaire in addition to qualitative literature review was used to gather data from respondents and analyse previous academic and professional works on the subject. The result of this study shows that, although artificial intelligence technology will be used to replace most programmable and monotonous accounting activities, AI will also create new opportunities for the upward mobile accounting professional to grow into more strategic and rewarding carrier path rather than just being a \u2018book keeper\u2019. However in the case of companies in Nigeria specifically, the regression model is not significant since the probability value 0.846 is greater than 0.05 meaning that the null hypothesis is not rejected, implying that there is no significant statistical relationship between AI and accounting functions of Nigeria companies. The recommendation of this study is that accountants, business entities and relevant government agencies should seek for ways to profitably tap into new growing arena of artificial intelligence rather than being in denial of its impact or trying to suffocate a technology that has come to stay.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 53-69\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 March 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7203\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7203<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6542\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6542\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onwughai, Emelenjor Austin <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Finance and Taxation, College of Post Graduate Studies, Caleb University, Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6543\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6543\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Al-Jabri I. M. &amp; Sohail S. M. (2012). Mobile banking adoption: Application of diffusion of innovation theory. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research. Vol. 13 No. 4\r\n[2] Avneet P. (2015) Artificial Intelligence and its Application in Different Areas. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology. Vol. 4 No. 10.\r\n[3] Bakarich K. M. &amp; O\u2019Brien P. E. (2021) The Robots are Coming\u2026 But Aren\u2019t Here Yet: The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Accounting Profession. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting. Vol. 18 No. 1. pp 27\u201343.\r\n[4] Candela M. (2018). Strategic audit of the public accounting industry with a focus on EY Avalable:https:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1056&amp;context=honorstheses (accessed 25 July 2021)\r\n[5] Catatone R. J., Griffith D. A. &amp; Yalcinkaya G. (2006). An empirical examination of a technology adoption model for the context of China. Journal of International Marketing. Vol. 14 No. 4.\r\n[6] Chaoyi L., Song H. &amp; Fu M. (2020). Research on the impact of artificial intelligence technology on accounting. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1486(2020).\r\n[7] Cheah S.L. &amp; Farzana P.T. (2020). Usage and impact of artificial intelligence on accounting: Evidence from Malaysian organisations. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting. Vol. 13 No. 1. pp.213-239.\r\n[8] Cindy G. (2017). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on the accounting profession. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management. Vol. 8 No. 3. pp.1451-1454.\r\n[9] Danimir G., Mirjana H. &amp; Ivana V. (2019). Digitalisation and the challenges for the accounting profession. Entrenova 12-14 September 2019 Rovinj, Croatia.\r\n[10] Eleonora P.S. (2018). How artificial intelligence is challenging accounting profession. Journal of International Scientific Publication. Vol 12. pp.126-140.\r\n[11] EY. (2017). EY Scaling the use of drones in the audit process. Available: https:\/\/www.ey.com\/gl\/en\/newsroom\/news-releases\/news-eyscaling-the-use-of-drones-in-the-audit-process (accessed 14 July 2021)\r\n[12] Fogarty D.J. (2019), &#8220;Issues and Advantages of Advanced Analytics, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace&#8221;. Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 131-148.\r\n[13] ICEAW (2018). Artificial intelligence and the future of accountancy. ISBN 978-1-78363-816-1. Available: www. icaew.com\/itfac. (accessed 25 July 2021)\r\n[14] Jeon Y. &amp; Miller S.M. (2005). Bank Performance: Market power or efficient structure? Economics Working papers. https:\/\/opencommons.uconn.edu\/econ_wpapers\/200523 (accessed 24 July 2021)\r\n[15] Jiaxin L., Qingjun M. &amp; Yan C. (2018). Analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence application on the development of accounting industry. Open Journal of Business and Management. Vol. 6 No. 4.\r\n[16] Kaminski, J. (2011). Diffusion of innovation theory. Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics, 6(2). Theory in Nursing Informatics Column. https:\/\/cjni.net\/journal\/?p=1444 (accessed 13 July 2021)\r\n[17] Katarina Z., Nikolina D. &amp; Ana R. (2020). The impact of artificial intelligence on the accounting process. Region, Enterpreneuship, Development 9th International Symposium pp.1432-1433.\r\n[18] Kaur N., Sahdev S. L., Sharma M. &amp; Siddiqui L. (2020). Banking 4.0: \u201cthe influence of artificial intelligence on the banking industry &amp; how AI is changing the face of modern day banks\u201d. International Journal of Management. Vol. 11 No. 6. pp. 577-585.\r\n[19] Keeney C. (2018). How natural language generation drives business outcomes. Available: https:\/\/narrativescience.com\/Resources\/Resource-Library\/Article-Detail-Page\/how-naturallanguage-generation-drives-business-outcomes (accessed 13 July 2021)\r\n[20] Kefiyalew B. B. (2021). Exploring current opportunity and threats of artificial intelligence on small and medium enterprises accounting function; evidence from south west part of ethiopia, oromiya, jimma and snnpr, bonga. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal. Vol. 25 No. 2.\r\n[21] KPMG. (2018). Trust in artificial intelligence transform your business with confidence. Available:https:\/\/home.kpmg.com\/content\/dam\/kpmg\/uk\/pdf\/2018\/06\/trust_in_arti_cial_intelligence.pdf (accessed 25 July 2021)\r\n[22] Leitner-Hanetseder, S., Lehner, O.M., Eisl, C. &amp; Forstenlechner, C. (2021), &#8220;A profession in transition: actors, tasks and roles in AI-based accounting&#8221;, Journal of Applied Accounting Research, Vol. 22 No. 3. pp. 539-556\r\n[23] Max G., Dan K., Okyanus P., Conelius S., Minna M. &amp; Othmar L. (2020). Current challenges in implementation of smart robotic process automation in accounting and auditing. ACRN Journal of Finance and Risk Perspective. 9(2020) pp.99-102.\r\n[24] Najjar D. (2019). Is artificial intelligence (AI) the future of accounting? The Balance Small Business. Avalable: https:\/\/www.thebalancesmb.com\/is-artificial-intelligence-the-future-of-accounting-4083182 (accessed 13 July 2021)\r\n[25] Ng C. &amp; Alarcon J. (2020). Artificial intelligence in accounting: Practical applications. Published December 9, 2020 by Routledge.\r\n[26] Odoh L.C., Silas C.E., Ugwuanyi U.B. &amp; Chukwuani N.V. (2018). Effect of artificial intelligence on the performance of accounting operations among accounting firms in south east Nigeria. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting. Vol. 7. No. 2. pp.1-11.\r\n[27] Odoh, L. (2018). Artificial intelligence system: Implication for proper record keeping in microfinance banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences. Vol. 8 No. 1. pp. 131-136.\r\n[28] Qasim A. &amp; Kharbat F. F. (2020) Blockchain technology, business data analytics, and artificial intelligence: Use in the accounting profession and ideas for inclusion into the accounting curriculum. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting (2020). Vol. 17. No. 1: pp 107\u2013117.\r\n[29] Shaffer, K.J., Gaumer, C.J. and Bradley, K.P. (2020), &#8220;Artificial intelligence products reshape accounting: time to re-train&#8221;, Development and Learning in Organizations, 34(6), pp. 41-43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/DLO-10-2019-0242 (accessed 25 July 2021)\r\n[30] Suleiman J.M., Amneh K.H., Hela B., Phung A.T., Muhammad S.S. &amp; Ali A.A. (2020). How artificial intelligence changes the future of accounting industry. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration. Vol. III. No. 3. pp.478-488.\r\n[31] Yanling S. (2020). The impact of artificial intelligence on the accounting industry. Retrieved from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-15235-2_129. (accessed 10 July 2021)\r\n[32] Yingying Z., Feng X., Yi X., Xuan F. &amp; Haifeng G. (2020). The impact of artificial intelligence and blockchain on the accounting profession. IEEE Access 8(2020) pp.110461-110477.\r\n[33] Zehong L. &amp; Li Z. (2018). The impact of artificial intelligence on accounting. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (181) Atlantis Press.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6544\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6544\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Onwughai, Emelenjor Austin &#8220;Probing the Effect of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning on Accounting Functions (Evidence from Selected Companies)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-2, pp.53-69 Februray 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7203<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6545\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6545\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6545\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/53-69.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6546\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6546\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6546\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/probing-the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-on-accounting-functions-evidence-from-selected-companies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Probing the Effect of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning on Accounting Functions (Evidence from Selected Companies)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e73c4d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e73c4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e73dac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e73dac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e73fbf\" data-id=\"3e73fbf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e7416f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e7416f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e74241 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e74241\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e7441a\" data-id=\"3e7441a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e745a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e745a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e74670 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e74670\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e74838\" data-id=\"3e74838\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e749c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e749c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e74a89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e74a89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e74c4e\" data-id=\"3e74c4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e74dd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e74dd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e74e9c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e74e9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e7506b\" data-id=\"3e7506b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e751f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e751f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e752b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e752b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e78044\" data-id=\"3e78044\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e7826d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e7826d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Development of Machine Learning Based Security Algorithm for 4G Network against Wormhole<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Eze E.M., Ituma C., Asogwa T.C., Ebere U.C.- Februray 2022 Page No.: 70-75<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e78371 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e78371\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e7859d\" data-id=\"3e7859d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e78774 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3e78774\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6551\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6551\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6552\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6552\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6553\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6553\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6554\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6554\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6555\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6555\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6556\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6556\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6551\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6551\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6551\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">TThis work development of machine learning based security algorithm for 4G network against wormhole. This was achieved using methods such as data collection, data extraction, training and classification process. The system design employed mathematical and structural method to develop the models of the wormhole and also the new security algorithm using artificial neural network. This was implemented with Simulink and neural network toolbox, before testing. The result showed that the algorithm was able to detect wormhole at a regression of 0.9978 and Mean square error of 2.05&#215;10^-5. The security algorithm deployed on a 4G network and tested; the result showed that throughput percentage of 89.16% and latency of 76.325ms which according to International Telecommunication Union (ITU-U) and Nigerian Communication Commission standard (NCC) are good.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 70-75\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6552\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6552\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6552\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eze E.M. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ituma C. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asogwa T.C <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ebere U.C. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDestinet Smart Technologies Ltd.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6553\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6553\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6553\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Contel Bradford (2020),\u201d 7 Most Famous Cloud Security Breaches\u201d; Storage Craft Technology Corporation.\r\n[2] Eliah K. and Ellen A (2017) \u201cNeural Network Model for Predicting Student Achievement in blended courses at the University of Dar Es Salam\u201d IJAIA; 8(2):23-35\r\n[3] Giannetsos and T. Dimitriou (2014) \u201cLDAC: A localized and decentralized algorithm for efficiently countering wormholes in mobile wireless networks\u201d, J. Comput. Syst. Sci., vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 618-643.\r\n[4] Khosroshahy M., DongyuQiu, and M.K. Mehmet Ali. (2013) \u201cBotnets in 4G cellular networks: Platforms to launch ddos attacks against the air interface\u201d. In Mobile and Wireless Networking (MoWNeT), International Conference on Selected Topics in, pages 30\u201335\r\n[5] Kolias C, G. Kambourakis, A. Stavrou, and S. Gritzalis (2016) \u201c Intrusion Detection in 802.11 Networks: Empirical Evaluation of Threats and a Public Dataset\u201d. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 18(1):184\u2013208,.\r\n[6] Mehta A (2019) \u201c Machine learning\u201d: https:\/\/www.digitalvidya.com\/blog\/types-of-neural-networks\/ (Retrieved 9\/7\/2021).\r\n[7] NabeelKhana, Adil Al-Yasiri (2016):The 2nd International Workshop on Internet of Thing: Networking Applications and Technologies;(IoTNAT\u2019 2016) Identifying Cloud Security Threats to Strengthen Cloud Computing Adoption Framework University of Salford, 43 CresentSalford, Manchester and M5 4WT, United Kingdom. Procedia Computer Science 94 ( 2016 ) 485 \u2013 490 on Recent Advances in Information Technology (RAIT), 2012, pp. 131\u2013136\r\n[8] Nayak, A. Sahay and Y. Pandey (2013) \u201cDetection and prevention of wormhole attacks in Manets using detection packet\u201d, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1216-1222.\r\n[9] NicklasBeijar (2017), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), Helsinki University of Technology.\r\n[10] Nivedha S.Hu C, A. Perrig, and D. B. Johnson (2015), \u201cWormhole attacks in wireless networks,\u201d IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 370\u2013380.\r\n[11] Payaswini P, Manjaiah D.H (2013) \u201cChallenges and issues in 4G \u2013 Networks Mobility Management\u201d International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) &#8211; volume4 Issue5; ISSN: 2231-2803 http:\/\/www.ijcttjournal.org Page 1247\r\n[12] Singh, J. Singh and R. Singh (2016) \u201cWRHT: a hybrid technique for detection of wormhole attack in wireless sensor networks\u201d, Mob. Inf. Syst.\r\n[13] Suneetha D. Rathna Kishore, G.G.S.Pradeep (2019); Data Security Model Using Artificial Neural Networks and Database Fragmentation in Cloud Environment ; International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-2, July 2019 ,5972 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering &amp; Sciences Publication\r\n[14] Saxe J., Berlin K., (2015)\u201d Deep neural network based malware detection using two dimensioninal binary program features; proceedings of the International Conference on Malicoius and Unwanted Software; Fajardo, Puerto Rico. 20-22\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6554\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6554\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6554\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Eze E.M., Ituma C., Asogwa T.C., Ebere U.C. &#8220;Development of Machine Learning Based Security Algorithm for 4G Network against Wormhole&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-2, pp.70-75 Februray 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/70-75.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6555\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6555\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6555\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-2\/70-75.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6556\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6556\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6556\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/development-of-machine-learning-based-security-algorithm-for-4g-network-against-wormhole\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Development of Machine Learning Based Security Algorithm for 4G Network against Wormhole<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e79b34 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e79b34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; 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