{"id":7738,"date":"2022-05-07T06:53:14","date_gmt":"2022-05-07T06:53:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/?page_id=7738"},"modified":"2022-06-03T08:57:03","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T08:57:03","slug":"volume-vii-issue-iv","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/archive\/volume-vii-issue-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VII Issue IV"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7738\" class=\"elementor elementor-7738 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a3de58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a3de58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a3e155\" data-id=\"3a3e155\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a3e36c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a3e36c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Minimizing Packet Drop Due to Black Hole Attack in Wireless Ad-Hoc Network Using Intrusion Detection System<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Constance Nneka Eze, Chikani N.I, Nnaji B.Ugochukwu- April 2022 Page No.: 01-06<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a3e488 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a3e488\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a3e6c3\" data-id=\"3a3e6c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a3e876 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a3e876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">A black hole attack is a place in computer networking whereby incoming and outgoing traffic are silently discarded or dropped without notifying the source that the data sent was unable to reach its destination. A highly successfully black hole attack can prevent all data from reaching its destination and are undetectable. This attack is a significant threat to any wireless Ad-hoc Network because it causes isolation in the Network and does that untraced. The aim of this research work focus on minimizing black hole attack in wireless Ad-hoc Network. To do this, the effect of black hole attack on wireless Ad-hoc Network in terms of packet delivery ratio was first determined. This was done by comparing the packet delivery ratio when intrusion detection system was activated and when it was not activated. Next was to reduce the rate of packet loss as a result of black hole attack this was achieved by generating a packet transmission scheme, which will enable the nodes to gain authentication in the network before packets will be sent to them, thereby reducing the rate of packet loss. After this an intrusion detection system was implemented in all the node. Then a sequence number model and Wi-Fi mini point adapter method was used in modeling intrusion detection system and the corresponding throughput was achieved by calculating the amount of data transferred from source to destination in a given amount of time. All the above work was performed by simulation using PHP-MYSQL and MATLAB. The results obtained showed that the packet loss in ad-hoc wireless network under attack was reduced by 1% when compared by the work done by other researchers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-06\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7401<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Constance Nneka Eze <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Engineering Enugu State Polytechnic Iwollo Enugu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chikani N.I <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Enugu State Polytechnic Iwollo Enugu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eruotor P. G.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Enugu State Polytechnic Iwollo Enugu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Deepail,R.,&amp;Kapil, H.(2014) Detection and Prevention of gray hole and black hole attack in MANET: International Journal of Computers and Technology, 13,50305038.\r\n[2] Gagandeep, Aashima, &amp; Pawan, K. (2012). Analysis of Different Security Attacks in MANETS on Protocol Stack A-Review. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 1, 269 \u2013 275.\r\n[3] Gurjar, A.A., &amp; Dande, A.A. (2013). Black Hole Attack in MANETs: A Review Study. International Journal of IT, Engineering and Applied Sciences Research (IJIEASR), 2(3), 12- 14.\r\n[4] Hicham, Z., Ahmed, T., Rachid, L., &amp; Noureddine, I. (2013). Mitigating Black Hole attack in MANET by Extending Network Knowledge. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA),4. 152 \u2013 158.\r\n[5] Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, (2016) Overview of wireless Ad-hoc Network. Mitigating Routing Misbehavior in Ad Hoc Networks\u2019\u2019, Proc. 6th Annual International conference. Mobile Comp. and Net., Boston, MA. PP. 255 \u2013 265. August 2000.51.\r\n[6] Shikha (2014) Impersonation attack.. \u2018\u2019An Intrusion Detection Tool for AODV-BASED AD-HOC WIRELESS NETWORKs\u2019\u2019, Proc. Of the 20th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC\u2019\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Constance Nneka Eze, Chikani N.I, Nnaji B.Ugochukwu &#8220;Minimizing Packet Drop Due to Black Hole Attack in Wireless Ad-Hoc Network Using Intrusion Detection System&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.01-06 April 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7401<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/01-06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/minimizing-packet-drop-due-to-black-hole-attack-in-wireless-ad-hoc-network-using-intrusion-detection-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Minimizing Packet Drop Due to Black Hole Attack in Wireless Ad-Hoc Network Using Intrusion Detection System<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a3fe09 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a3fe09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a3ff37 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a3ff37\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4015a\" data-id=\"3a4015a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a402f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a402f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a403b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a403b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a405b3\" data-id=\"3a405b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a40738 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a40738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a40805 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a40805\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a409ec\" data-id=\"3a409ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a40b75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a40b75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a40c44 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a40c44\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a40e30\" data-id=\"3a40e30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a40ffc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a40ffc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a410ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a410ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a412df\" data-id=\"3a412df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a41469 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a41469\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a41535 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a41535\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4171b\" data-id=\"3a4171b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a418d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a418d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Testing Challenges for Mobile Applications: An evaluation and comparative analysis of different testing approaches<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ali Azgar, Sohel Rana, Saddam Hossain, Most. Jannatul Ferdous- April 2022 Page No.: 07-13<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a419c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a419c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a41bc0\" data-id=\"3a41bc0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a41d7e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a41d7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">A mobile application, sometimes known as an app, is a form of software designed to operate on a mobile device such as a mobile phone or tablet and is commonly used to deliver user services similar to those accessible on PCs. Mobile applications have become an important part of our lives, allowing us to communicate with people all over the world while sitting at home. However, these applications do more than just connect people; they also provide information, entertainment, and a way to learn new things at any time and from any location. Mobile application testing is very important before releasing any apps. However, since multimode mobile platforms such as handsets, smartphones, tablets, pads, and wearable electronics are now available, various device fragmentations, iOS platforms, and various customer specifications, mobile application testing has recently become incredibly challenging. This article provides an overview of several mobile testing approaches as well as the most recent mobile app testing challenges. In addition, we provide a testing cycle in which mobile apps are sent to clients for feedback. In this article, we also performed a survey of current mobile app users on various bugs in real-world mobile applications, which will be used as a factor in future development.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 07-13\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7402<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ali Azgar <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of CSE, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sohel Rana<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of CSE, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Saddam Hossain<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of CSE, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Most. Jannatul Ferdous <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of CSE, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Muccini, Henry, Antonio Di Francesco, and Patrizio Esposito. &#8220;Software testing of mobile applications: Challenges and future research directions.&#8221; 2012 7th International Workshop on Automation of Software Test (AST). IEEE, 2012.\r\n[2] Nimbalkar, Ravi Ramchandra. &#8220;Mobile application testing and challenges.&#8221; International Journal of Science and Research 2.7 (2013): 56-58.\r\n[3] http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mobile_application_testing.\r\n[4] Satyanarayanan, Mahadev. &#8220;Fundamental challenges in mobile computing.&#8221; Proceedings of the fifteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing. 1996.\r\n[5] http:\/\/developer.android.com\/reference\/android\/test\/ AndroidTest-Case.html\r\n[6] Beck, E., et al. &#8220;Experimental evaluation of techniques for usability testing of mobile systems in a laboratory setting.&#8221; Proceedings of OzCHI 2003, Brisbane, Australia. CHISIG, 2003.\r\n[7] Villanes, Isabel Karina, Erick Alexandre Bezerra Costa, and Arilo Claudio Dias-Neto. &#8220;Automated mobile testing as a service (AM-TaaS).&#8221; 2015 IEEE World Congress on Services. IEEE, 2015.\r\n[8] Huang, Junxian, et al. &#8220;Anatomizing application performance differences on smartphones.&#8221; Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services. 2010.\r\n[9] Froehlich, Jon, et al. &#8220;MyExperience: a system for in situ tracing and capturing of user feedback on mobile phones.&#8221; Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services. 2007.\r\n[10] Wac, Katarzyna, et al. &#8220;Studying the experience of mobile applications used in different contexts of daily life.&#8221; Proceedings of the first ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Measurements up the stack. 2011.\r\n[11] Hornb\u00e6k, Kasper. &#8220;Current practice in measuring usability: Challenges to usability studies and research.&#8221; International journal of human-computer studies 64.2 (2006): 79-102.\r\n[12] P. Dinda and et al. \u201cThe user in experimental computer systems research\u201d. In Proc. of the Workshop,on Experimental Computer Science, (2007)\r\n[13] Nie, Jin, and Xianling Hu. &#8220;Mobile banking information security and protection methods.&#8221; 2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering. Vol. 3. IEEE, 2008.\r\n[14] Pousttchi, Key, and Martin Schurig. &#8220;Assessment of today&#8217;s mobile banking applications from the view of customer requirements.&#8221; 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2004.\r\n[15] Li, Ying, and Can Zhang. &#8220;Customer&#8217;s adoption decision analysis of mobile banking service.&#8221; 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science. IEEE, 2010.\r\n[16] Enck, William, et al. &#8220;A study of android application security.&#8221; USENIX security symposium. Vol. 2. No. 2. 2011.\r\n[17] Ahmed, A.S., Salah, H.A. and Jameel, J.Q. 2020. Software Development for First Aid Decision Support System. Iraqi Journal of Science. 61, 1 (Jan. 2020), 202-214. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24996\/ijs.2020.61.1.23.\r\n[18] Altaie, A.M., Hamo, A.Y. and Alsarraj, R.G. 2021. Software Fault Estimation Tool Based on Object-Oriented Metrics . Iraqi Journal of Science. (May 2021), 63-69. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24996\/ijs.2021.SI.2.7.\r\n[19] Noori, K.S. and Fahad, A.A. 2020. Monitoring and Enhancement of Mobile System Performance. Iraqi Journal of Science. 61, 9 (Sep. 2020), 2418-2425. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24996\/ijs.2020.61.9.28.\r\n[20] Shaik A., Reddy C. R. K., Manda B., Prakashini. C and Deepthi. K. 2010. \u201cMetrics for Object Oriented Design Software Systems: A Survey\u201d, Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS), pp.190-198.\r\n[21] Wukkadada, Bharati, Ramith Nambiar, and Amala Nair. &#8220;Mobile operating system: Analysis and comparison of Android and iOS.&#8221; International Journal of Computing and Technology 2.7 (2015): 273-276.\r\n[22] Cotroneo, Domenico, et al. &#8220;Software aging analysis of the android mobile os.&#8221; 2016 IEEE 27th international symposium on software reliability engineering (ISSRE). IEEE, 2016.\r\n[23] Rhmann, Wasiur, et al. &#8220;Software fault prediction based on change metrics using hybrid algorithms: An empirical study.&#8221; Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 32.4 (2020): 419-424.\r\n[24] Belachew, Ermiyas Birihanu, Feidu Akmel Gobena, and Shumet Tadesse Nigatu. &#8220;Analysis of software quality using software metrics.&#8221; International Journal on Computational Science &amp; Applications (IJCSA) 8.4\/5 (2018).\r\n[25] Gupta, Dharmendra Lal, and Kavita Saxena. &#8220;Software bug prediction using object-oriented metrics.&#8221; S\u0101dhan\u0101 42.5 (2017): 655-669.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ali Azgar, Sohel Rana, Saddam Hossain, Most. Jannatul Ferdous &#8220;Testing Challenges for Mobile Applications: An evaluation and comparative analysis of different testing approaches&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.07-13 April 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7402<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/07-13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/testing-challenges-for-mobile-applications-an-evaluation-and-comparative-analysis-of-different-testing-approaches\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Testing Challenges for Mobile Applications: An evaluation and comparative analysis of different testing approaches<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a43136 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a43136\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a436e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a436e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a438cb\" data-id=\"3a438cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a43a51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a43a51\" 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a43ea0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a43f92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a43f92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a441e9\" data-id=\"3a441e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a44395 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a44395\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a44471 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a44471\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a44649\" data-id=\"3a44649\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a447e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a447e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a448b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a448b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a44ac7\" data-id=\"3a44ac7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a44c67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a44c67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Weighted Inverse Weibull Distribution<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adetunji K. Ilori, Damilare Matthew Oladimeji- April 2022 Page No.: 14-19<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a44d32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a44d32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a44f1f\" data-id=\"3a44f1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a450ac elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a450ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This paper introduces the Weighted Inverse Weibull distribution as inverse weighting of the Inverse Weibull distribution. Its various basic statistical properties were explicitly derived and the method of maximum likelihood estimation was used in estimating the model parameters. The model was applied to two real life data sets and its performance and flexibility was assessed with respect to existing distribution using the log-likelihood and Akaike Information Criteria as basis for judgment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 14-19\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7403\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7403<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adetunji K. Ilori <\/strong><\/span>\r\nStatistics Programme, National Mathematical Center, Abuja, Nigeria\r\nKaduna-Lokoja Expressway, Sheda, Kwali, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Damilare Matthew Oladimeji<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Statistics, University of Abuja, FCT, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Alqallaf F., Ghitany M. E., Agostinelli C. (2015). Weighted Exponential Distribution: Different Methods of Estimations, Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences, 9(3), 1167-1173\r\n[2] Cordeiro, G. M. (2011). The generalized inverse Weibull distribution, (May 2014).http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00362-009-0271-3\r\n[3] Fisher, R.A. (1934): The effects of methods of ascertainment upon the estimation of frequencies, Ann. Eugenics, 6, 13 \u2013 25.\r\n[4] Gupta, R. D., &amp; Kundu, D. (2000). Generalized Exponential Distribution: Different Method of E stimations. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 00, 1\u201322. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00949650108812098\r\n[5] Kanpur, T. (2015). Marshall-Olkin generalized exponential distribution Marshall-Olkin Generalized Exponential Distribution. Metron, 73(JANUARY), 1317\u2013333.\r\n[6] Lee, E.T. and Wang, J.W. (2003). Statistical Methods for Survival Data Analysis 3rd Edition, JohnWiley and Sons, New York, ISBN: 9780471458555, Pages: 534.\r\n[7] Rao, C.R. (1965): On discrete distributions arising out of methods of ascertainment In: Patil, G.P.(eds) Classical and Contagious Discrete Distributions. Statistical Publishing Society, Calcutta, 320 \u2013 332.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adetunji K. Ilori, Damilare Matthew Oladimeji &#8220;The Weighted Inverse Weibull Distribution&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.14-19 April 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7403<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/14-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-weighted-inverse-weibull-distribution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Weighted Inverse Weibull Distribution<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a464ac elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a464ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a465d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a465d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4681e\" data-id=\"3a4681e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a469ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a469ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a46adb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a46adb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a46cd3\" data-id=\"3a46cd3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a46e88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a46e88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a46f64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a46f64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4713c\" data-id=\"3a4713c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a472cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a472cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a47396 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a47396\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4755c\" data-id=\"3a4755c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a476e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a476e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a477a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a477a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4796f\" data-id=\"3a4796f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a47b31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a47b31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a47bfb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a47bfb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a47df3\" data-id=\"3a47df3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a47f71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a47f71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Improving Power Availability of the National Power System Using Solar-Based Enhanced Distributed Generation Technology<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ofure Imomon, James Eke, Linus Anih, Dorathy Abonyi- April 2022 Page No.: 20-29<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a48034 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a48034\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a48233\" data-id=\"3a48233\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a483c5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a483c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">In this paper, I developed a standard for connecting a solar-based enhanced distributed generation technology to the national utility grid which is expected to improve the poor state of electric power supply in Nigeria. The photovoltaic system generated 250MW solar power which was injected into the national utility grid. The 250MW will be gotten from five locations in the country as each location will generate 50MW to the national utility grid. The photovoltaic system will utilize equipment such as photovoltaic modules, boost converters, inverter, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), step-up transformers etc. which was interconnected together to feed the 132\/33kV substation. The total number of photovoltaic modules, inverters, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), step-up transformer etc. was also depicted. The total area needed for the installation of 50MW for one location as well as for the five locations for the solar based power was put into consideration for the work. The analysis on the effect of the solar module on the varying temperature with constant irradiance and constant temperature with varying irradiance was depicted. Furthermore, the Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME) of the entire work were written. The simulation carried out in this work was done with MATLAB software. Finally, It was realised that additional 250MW was integrated into the Nigeria utility grid and was generated from five locations in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 20-29\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ofure Imomon <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>James Eke <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Linus Anih<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dorathy Abonyi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] CBN (1985), Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Reports and Statement of Account\r\n[2] Council for Renewable Energy, Nigeria (CREN) (2009), Nigeria Electricity Crunch. available at www.renewablenigeria.org\r\n[3] Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) (2007) Nigeria, Nigeria, retrieve from http:\/\/www.DPR.gov.ng Design on MATLAB Simulink software\r\n[4] Duffie, J.A.; Beckman, W.A. (1980), Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes; John Wiley and Sons: New York, NY, USA.\r\n[5] Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) (2005), Renewable Energy Master Plan https:\/\/www.agreate.com\/commercia-battery-energy-storage\/aten-250kw-bess-battery-energy-storage-system https:\/\/www.tanfon.com\/products\/Solar-Off-Grid-System\/Three-Phase-Solar-System\/250kva-250kw-off-grid-solar-panel-system-with-battery-power-storage.html https:\/\/www.sungrowpower.com\r\n[6] Huang, B.J.; Sun, F.S.(2007), Feasibility study of one axis three positions tracking solar pv with low concentration ratio reflector. Energy Convers. Manag. 48, 1273\u20131280\r\n[7] Onyebuchi EI (1989), Alternative energy strategies for the developing world\u2019s domestic use: A case study of Nigerian household\u2019s final use patterns and preferences. The Energy Journal 10(3):121\u2013138\r\n[8] Panciatici P., Bareux G., and Wehenkel L., Sep. (2012), Operating in the fog: security management under uncertainty\u201d, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 40\u201349.\r\n[9] Schaap, A.B.; Veltkamp, W.B. (1993) Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 2nd ed.; Elsevier Science Publishers:\r\nNew York, NY, USA,; Volume 51, p. 521.\r\n[10] The Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP) (2014). The Nigerian energy sector &#8211; an overview with a special emphasis on renewable energy, energy efficiency and rural electrification. Nigeria: The Nigerian Energy Support Programme; 2014.\r\n[11] Villalva M. G., Gazoli J. R., and Filho E. R., &#8220;Modeling and circuit-based simulation of photovoltaic arrays,&#8221; in Power Electronics Conference, 2009. COBEP &#8217;09. Brazilian, 2009, pp. 1244-1254.\r\n[12] Weidong X., Dunford W. G., and Capel A., (1950-1956) &#8220;A novel modeling method for photovoltaic cells,&#8221; in Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual, 2004, pp. Vol.3.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ofure Imomon, James Eke, Linus Anih, Dorathy Abonyi &#8220;Improving Power Availability of the National Power System Using Solar-Based Enhanced Distributed Generation Technology&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.20-29 April 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/20-29.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/20-29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/improving-power-availability-of-the-national-power-system-using-solar-based-enhanced-distributed-generation-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Improving Power Availability of the National Power System Using Solar-Based Enhanced Distributed Generation Technology<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a49732 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a49732\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a49859 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-element-3a4a14d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4a14d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4a31d\" data-id=\"3a4a31d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4a495 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4a495\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a4a569 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4a569\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4a735\" data-id=\"3a4a735\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4a8aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4a8aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a4a984 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4a984\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4ab4d\" data-id=\"3a4ab4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4acd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4acd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a4adb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4adb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4afa1\" data-id=\"3a4afa1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4b147 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4b147\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Record Keeping in School Management and Administration for Effective Teaching and Learning<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Lawal Haruna, Idris Na\u2019umma Abdullahi- April 2022 Page No.: 30-33<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a4b213 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4b213\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4b3f8\" data-id=\"3a4b3f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4b5bb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a4b5bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The Advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has brought about significant improvement in the efficiency of teaching and learning, administration and management of basic education schools. One of the areas that have been immensely revolutionized in developed nations and some developing natins in school is record keeping, where teaching and learning, and administrative records are kept through the use of computers and other ICTs. However, despite advancement in ICTs and their use in teaching and learning, records keeping and other school activities, the records keeping still faced many challenges in basic education schools more especially in developing countries, some of the challenges are poor record keeping, inadequate or absent of ICTs facilities, inadequate trained personal, attitude of some staff towards using ICTs for record keeping and other school activities, and inadequate supply of electricity among others. In addition, there are few studies on the role of ICTs in record keeping. Hence, this paper presents the methods of record keeping, categories of school records, benefit of record keeping, the role plays by ICTs in record keeping, challenges hindering the effective utilization of ICTs in school record keeping and proffered solution were also provided.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 30-33\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lawal Haruna <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Federal University Dutsin-ma, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Idris Na\u2019umma Abdullahi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, School of Sciences, Federal College of Education, Kano, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Achuonye and nwiyi ( n.d ) Information and Communication Technology and Record keeping in Secondary Schools, International Journal of Research Development.\r\n[2] Adebowale, O.F. and Osuji, S.N. (2008) Record keeping Practices of Primary School Teachers in Ondo State: Implication for Successful Implementation of the Universal Basic Education Programme in Nigeria.\r\n[3] Dare, M.O. (2002) Techniques for Effective Classroom Control and Management. Being a Paper Presented at a three days\u2019 Workshop for Primary School Teachers organized by (SUBEB) Kano from 30th April- 2nd May 2007.\r\n[4] Gilbert, O., Irene, D.J. and James, S. (2020) Relationship Between ICT Usage for Record Keeping and Principals Administrative Quality in Public Secondary Schools in Homabay County, International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS).\r\n[5] Haruna, L. (2014) Computer Science in Universal Basic Education (UBE): Problems and Prospect, IISTE Information and Knowledge Management, Vol.4 (9).\r\n[6] Haruna, L. (2010) Application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for the Attainment of Millenium Development Goals (MDGs).\r\n[7] Haruna, L. (2011) Record Keeping and Computer in School Management for Effective Teaching and Learning\r\n[8] Janguza, S.A (2007) The Strategies for Designing a Model Record of work, Scheme of Work and Lesson Plan. Being a paper Presented at a three days\u2019 Workshop for Primary School Teachers organized by (SUBEB) Kano from 30th April- 2nd May 2007.\r\n[9] Lateef, O.A. and Muniru, A.A. (2020) The use of Information and Communication Technologies for School Administration and Management in Ogun State-Nigeria\r\n[10] Pierre, D.J. &amp; Andala, H.O. (2020) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Integration and Teachers\u2019 Classroom Pedagogy in Selected Secondary Schools in Nyanza District- Rwanda, Journal of Education, Vol. 3(3), 1-20.\r\n[11] Sunday, A.O., Balogun, Z.B., Ajao, R.L. Olawale, S.S. (2020) Record Keeping as a Measure of Effective Administration in Secondary Schools: Planning Strategies. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Educational Planning and Administration, Vol.5(2).\r\n[12] UNESCO (2002) Information and Communication Technology in Education- A Curriculum for Schools and Programme for Teacher Education Development. Paris: 14 UNESCO.\r\n[13] Usman, L.B. (2008) Organization and Management of Nigerian Education, Lecture handout to NCE Students, Federal College of Education, Kano.\r\n[14] Ziraba, A. (2009) The Role of Information and Communication Technology in the Management of Selected Secondary Schools in Central Uganda. M.Sc. Dissertation, Makerere University, Uganda\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lawal Haruna, Idris Na\u2019umma Abdullahi &#8220;Role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Record Keeping in School Management and Administration for Effective Teaching and Learning&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.30-33 April 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/30-33.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/30-33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/role-of-information-and-communication-technologies-icts-for-record-keeping-in-school-management-and-administration-for-effective-teaching-and-learning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Record Keeping in School Management and Administration for Effective Teaching and Learning<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4c91d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a4c91d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a4ca76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4ca76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4ccbe\" data-id=\"3a4ccbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4ce5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4ce5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a4cf28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4cf28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4d123\" data-id=\"3a4d123\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4d2a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4d2a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a4d36b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4d36b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4d54a\" data-id=\"3a4d54a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4d6c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4d6c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a4d783 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4d783\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4d95a\" data-id=\"3a4d95a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4dacc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4dacc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a4db9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4db9d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4dd79\" data-id=\"3a4dd79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4df14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4df14\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4e384 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a4e384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Reducing Instability in Power Distribution Network Using Intelligent Control of System Load Frequency Changes<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Onuoha I.S., Alor M.O., Ebere U.C.- April 2022 Page No.: 34-39<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a4e45f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a4e45f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a4e688\" data-id=\"3a4e688\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4e8c0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a4e8c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This work presents reducing frequency instability in power distribution network using intelligent control of system load frequency changes. The study reviewed literatures and identified that load changes affects frequency which causes transient instability. Empirical study of the Independence Layout Injection 15MVA Substation was performed from the data collected at Enugu State Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC). From the study it was observed that critical time which are the peak periods are 13:00; 17:00 and 21:00hrs respectively and hence need automatic control. This was achieved using mathematical and structural modeling approach which employed data collection, self defining equations, and neural network, to develop a load frequency controller and then tested with Simulink. The result showed that the controller was able to monitor the load flow in the during the identified peak periods to control the load and hence maintain stable frequency.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 34-39\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onuoha I.S. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alor M.O.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ebere U.C.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDestinet Smart Technologies, Enugu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Al-Amin Sarker and A K M Kamrul Hasan (2016) \u201cLoad Frequency Control in Power System\u201d SEU Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 2,\r\n[2] Ashmoe PH Battebury DR, B. R. (1974). Frequency disturbances. Power-system model for large frequency disturbances proceedings of IEEE, 601- 8.\r\n[3] Bahtti P, Ghoshal SP, Roy R. (2010). Load frequency stabilization. Load frequency stabilization by coordinated control of Thyristor controlled phase shifters and super conducting magnetic energy storage for three types of interconnected two-area power systems., 1111-24.\r\n[4] Bevrani H, Hiyama T. (2009). On load\u2013frequency regulation with time delays. On load\u2013frequency regulation with time delays: design and real-time implementation., 292-300.\\\r\n[5] Chakrabarti S., and Srivastava S. (2015), \u201cPower system load modelling under large and small disturbances using phasor measurement units data,\u201d IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 1316\u20131323.\r\n[6] Hassan Haes Alhelou &amp; Mohamad-Esmail Hamedani-Golshan &amp; Reza Zamani &amp; Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani &amp; Pierluigi Siano, 2018. &#8220;Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review,&#8221; Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-35, September.\r\n[7] Isaac Adekunle Samuel; James Katende; Aremu Awosope Cladius Ojo; Ayokunle Awelewa (2017)\u201d Prediction of Voltage Collapse in Electrical Power System Networks using a New Voltage Stability Index\u201d International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 12(2):190-199\r\n[8] Jayasankar V. Kamaraj N. Vanaja N. (2017) \u201cEstimating voltage stability index for power system using artificial neural network and TCDC placement\u201d Neuro computing; Vol 73, no 16-18, pp 1445-1452.\r\n[9] Jiang en L, Yao W, Wu QH, Cheng SJ. (2012). Delaydependent stability. Delay-dependent stability for load frequency control with constant and timevarying delays, 932-41.\r\n[10] Juang CF, LU CF. (2006). LFC by hybrid devolutionary fuzzy PI controller. Load\u2013frequency control by hybrid devolutionary fuzzy PI controller, 196-204.\r\n[11] Khodaba Khshian A, Hooshmand R. (2010). PID Controller design for AGC. A new PID controller design for automatic generation control of hydro power systems., 375-82.\r\n[12] Milan, C. (1972). Linear regulator design. Linear regulator design for a load and frequency control, 2271-85.\r\n[13] Okafor P.U., Eneh P.C.,Arinze S.N., (2017). \u201cModel Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) Scheme For Eliminating Overshoot In Dc Servomotor\u201d. International Journal of Advanced Research in IT and Engineering (ISSN: 2278-6244). Volume 6, Issue 3. Pp.14-30.\r\n[14] Pan CT, Liaw CM. (1989). Adaptive controller for power system. An adaptive controller for power system load\u2013frequency control IEEE Transactions on Power Systems., 122-8.\r\n[15] Panda S. Chauhan S. (2014) \u201cVoltage collapse prediction by Neuro fuzzy scheme\u201d IJEE, Data Communicaiton, Vol 2, no 10; pp12-16.\r\n[16] Rerkpreedapong D, Hasanovic A, Feliachi A. (2003). Robust load frequency control. Robust load frequency control using genetic algorithms and linear matrix inequalities., 855-61.\r\n[17] Sharma A. Saxena B. Soni P. Gupta V. (2018) \u201cVoltage stability assessment using artificial neural network\u201dIEEEMA Engineer, Infinite Conference, pp 1-5.\r\n[18] Shuda KR, Raju YB, Sekhar AC. (2012). Robust decentralized load frequency control of interconnected power system. Fuzzy C-Means clustering for robust decentralized load frequency control of interconnected power system with\r\n[19] Xu J. Ren C. Qin W. Han X. and Wang P. (2016) \u201cVoltage stability analysis based on adaptive fuzzy logic considering load fluctuation\u201d IEEEE international conference on power system technology, pp 1-5.\r\n[20] Youssef M., (2015) \u201cVoltage Collapse Prediction for Egyptian Interconnected Electrical Grid EIEG\u201d International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 7(1):79-88; DOI:10.15676\/ijeei.2015.7.1.6\r\n[21] Valluru B.R., (1995), \u201cC++ Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic\u201d; MTBooks, IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. ISBN: 1558515526.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Onuoha I.S., Alor M.O., Ebere U.C. &#8220;Reducing Instability in Power Distribution Network Using Intelligent Control of System Load Frequency Changes&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.34-39 April 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/34-39.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" 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aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/reducing-instability-in-power-distribution-network-using-intelligent-control-of-system-load-frequency-changes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reducing Instability in Power Distribution Network Using Intelligent Control of System Load Frequency Changes<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5012f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a5012f\" 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elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a517cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a517cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a519eb\" data-id=\"3a519eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a51bb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a51bb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a51c9c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a51c9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a51ed4\" data-id=\"3a51ed4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5208c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5208c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Simplified cocktail mix and PCR conditions for amplification of extracted DNA from common bacteria, fungi and algae isolates for Microbiological studies<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>O. O. Ajayi, A. Adekanmbi, M. Dianda and O. E. Fagade- April 2022 Page No.: 40-44<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5216d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5216d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a523ad\" data-id=\"3a523ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a52572 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a52572\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) methods have revamped environmental microbiology, providing data about targeted nucleic acids of specific microorganisms found within the environment. These data are useful for the characterization of the interacting processes of targeted microbial communities. They also assess contaminant microbes within the environment (water, air, fomites). Amplification of DNA for identification of bacteria fungi or algae commonly isolated in microbiological studies is a common and constant problem in molecular analysis this may be due to various unforeseen problems like the concentration of the DNA and the Primer, the annealing temperature used or the presence of contaminate in the PCR mixture etc This study was done to address such issues.\r\nHere, we suggest suitable cocktail mixture protocols that can be successfully used to make high-quality qPCR and dPCR measurements of microorganisms in the environment yielding amplicons with good integrity, quality and concentrations that can be used for further analysis. DNA of varying concentrations from different samples were diluted using proposed ratios with water and used for PCR runs. The resulting amplicons were checked for their qualities and used for Sanger sequencing. The amplicons produced were of were of good quality and quantity which were successfully used for Sanger sequencing, giving sequences that were successfully blasted and found to be similar to sequences deposited in the NCBI repository with 90% similarity and above. The suggested protocols provide defined and direct mixing aliquots to be used in PCR mixtures for good amplification outcomes when working with DNA of varying concentrations.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 40-44\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>O. O. Ajayi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnvironmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Nigeria\r\nSoil Microbiology unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>A. Adekanmbi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnvironmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M. Dianda<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSoil Microbiology unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan.\r\nLaboratoire de microbiologie foresti\u00e8re (INERA\/ DEF) BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>O. E. Fagade<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnvironmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter, P. Isolating, Cloning, and Sequencing DNA. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science. 2002.\r\n[2] Cariani A, Piano A, Consolandi C, Severgnini M, Castiglioni B, Caredda G, et. al. Detection and characterization of pathogenic vibrios in shellfish by a Ligation Detection Reaction-Universal Array approach. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2012; 153(3): 474-482.\r\n[3] Christa E. Moore, Bruce Curtis, Tyler Mills, Goro Tanifuji, John M. (2012). Archibald, Nucleomorph Genome Sequence of the Cryptophyte Alga Chroomonas mesostigmatica CCMP1168 Reveals Lineage-Specific Gene Loss and Genome Complexity, Genome Biology and Evolution. 4: 1162\u20131175, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gbe\/evs090\r\n[4] Clark DP, Pazdernik NJ. Molecular Biology, Academic Press-Cell, 2013; 928pp., ISBN 978-0-1237-8594-7.\r\n[5] Dairawan M. and Shetty P. (2020). The Evolution of DNA Extraction Methods.\r\n[6] American Journal of Biomedical Science &amp; Research. 8: 39-45. AJBSR.MS.ID.001234.\r\n[7] Dos Santos, H.R.M., Argolo, C.S., Arg\u00f4lo-Filho, R.C. et al. A 16S rDNA PCR-based theoretical to actual delta approach on culturable mock communities revealed severe losses of diversity information. BMC Microbiol 19, 74 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-019-1446-2\r\n[8] Frank, J. A., Reich, C. I., Sharma, S., Weisbaum, J. S., Wilson, B. A., &amp; Olsen, G. J. (2008). Critical evaluation of two primers commonly used for amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Applied and environmental microbiology, 74(8), 2461\u20132470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.02272-07\r\n[9] Fujita, S. I., Senda, Y., Nakaguchi, S., &amp; Hashimoto, T. (2001). Multiplex PCR using internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 regions for rapid detection and identification of yeast strains. Journal of clinical microbiology, 39(10), 3617\u20133622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.39.10.3617-3622.2001\r\n[10] Gary WP. Molecular Diagnostics for the Detection and Characterization of Microbial Pathogens. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2007; 45: 99-111.\r\n[11] Hammerling JA. A Review of Medical Errors in Laboratory Diagnostics and Where We Are Today. Laboratory Medicine. 2012;\r\n[12] Bu\u00a8rgmann H., Pesaro M., Widmer F., Zeyer J. (2001). A strategy for optimizing quality and quantity of DNA extracted from soil. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 45: 7\u201320\r\n[13] Jennifer E. H, Ann C, Joseph WW, Aravind S, Irene K, Niall CT, et.al. BRAF V600E Mutation Detection Using High Resolution Probe Melting Analysis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Dr Patricia Hernandez- Rodriguez (Ed.), 2012.\r\n[14] Kellenberger E. The evolution of molecular biology. EMBO Reports. 2004; 5: 546-549.\r\n[15] Mbareche, H., Veillette, M., Bilodeau, G., &amp; Duchaine, C. (2020). Comparison of the performance of ITS1 and ITS2 as barcodes in amplicon-based sequencing of bioaerosols. PeerJ, 8, e8523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.8523\r\n[16] Mohamed R. Low-Stringency Single-Specific- Primer PCR as a tool for detection of mutations in the matK gene of Phaseolus vulgaris exposed to paranitrophenol. Journal of Cell and Molecular Biology. 2012; 10: 71-77.\r\n[17] Najafov A, Hoxhaj G. PCR guru: an ultimate benchtop reference for molecular biologists. Amsterdam, (Netherland): Elsevier. 2017\r\n[18] Nina D., Shingo U., Snejana M., Petya I., and Satoshi N., (2017). Applicability of massively parallel sequencing on monitoring harmful algae at Varna Bay in the Black Sea, Harmful Algae, 68: 40-51, ISSN 1568-9883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2017.07.004.\r\n[19] Tomita N, Mori Y, Kanda H, Notomi T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of gene sequences and simple visual detection of products. Nature Protocols. 2008; 3: 877-882.\r\n[20] Toju H, Tanabe AS, Yamamoto S, Sato H. High-coverage ITS primers for the DNA-based identification of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes in environmental samples. PLOS ONE. 2012;7:e40863. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0040863\r\n[21] Umesha S, Manukumar HM. Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Techniques for Detection of Food-borne Pathogens; Current Applications and Future Challenges. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2016; 1-9\r\n[22] Wiedmann M, Wilson WJ, Czajka J, Luo J, Barany F, Batt CA. Ligase chain reaction (LCR)-overview and applications. PCR Methods Application. 1994; 3: 51- 64.\r\n[23] Kayla M. Williamson, Brandie D. Wagner, Charles E. Robertson, Mark J. Stevens, Marci K. Sontag, Peter M. Mourani and J. Kirk Harris.( 2021). Modified PCR protocol to increase sensitivity for determination of bacterial community composition. Microbiome 9:90 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-020-00958-y\r\n[24] Zemanick E.T., Wagner B. D., Robertson C. E., Ahrens R. C., Chmiel J. F., Clancy J. P. (2017). Airway microbiota across age and disease spectrum in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(5):1700832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00832-2017.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">O. O. Ajayi, A. Adekanmbi, M. Dianda and O. E. Fagade &#8220;Simplified cocktail mix and PCR conditions for amplification of extracted DNA from common bacteria, fungi and algae isolates for Microbiological studies&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.40-44 April 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/40-44.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/40-44.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/simplified-cocktail-mix-and-pcr-conditions-for-amplification-of-extracted-dna-from-common-bacteria-fungi-and-algae-isolates-for-microbiological-studies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Simplified cocktail mix and PCR conditions for amplification of extracted DNA from common bacteria, fungi and algae isolates for Microbiological studies<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a53c8f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a53c8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a53dd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a53dd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a53fef\" data-id=\"3a53fef\" data-element_type=\"column\" 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elementor-element elementor-element-3a5486d\" data-id=\"3a5486d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a549ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a549ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a54ac7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a54ac7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a54c94\" data-id=\"3a54c94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a54e35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a54e35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a54eff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a54eff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a550d9\" data-id=\"3a550d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a55259 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a55259\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a55320 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a55320\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5552b\" data-id=\"3a5552b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a556be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a556be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis on Chemical Composition of Different Brands of Cement in Nigeria with Their Corresponding Setting Time<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nwokocha Prince U., Ogbodo Munachiso C.- April 2022 Page No.: 45-50<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5578a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5578a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a559aa\" data-id=\"3a559aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a55b47 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a55b47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The quality and standard of cement available in the open market has been a thing of question, which necessitated this research that assessed different Portland cements commonly used in Nigeria within the southern region, in view of understanding the relationship between their chemical compositions and their corresponding setting time. Five brands of cement labelled sample A, B, C, D and E representing Dangote 3x R, Bua, Dangote 3x N, Unicem and Elephant supaset cement respectively were investigated. Chemical composition test was carried out using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer while the vicat apparatus was used for the setting time test. The chemical composition test result showed that the oxides composition of samples A, B and E met the British standard while for samples C and D the CaO, C3S and C2S content did not meet standard. The result further revealed that sample D has the highest percentage of C3S (73.58%) while sample C has the highest percentage of C2S (40.67%). The percentage of C3A is highest in sample E (9.04%) and sample B has the highest percentage of C4AF (10.76%). The setting time result showed that both the initial and final setting time of the cement samples are within the limit values that initial setting should be greater than 60mins and final setting time should be less than 600mins. Sample D has the fastest initial setting time of 70mins which is as a result of the C3S content that indicates that it will develop more early strength while sample E has the fastest final setting time of 405mins as a result of the C3A content which shows that it will generate more heat than other samples during the early stage of hydration. Sample C has the slowest initial and final setting time value of 105mins and 510mins respectively which is as result of the C2S content that shows that it will develop more late strength than any other sample. The correlation between C3A and gypsum indicates that sufficient amount of gypsum was added to delay the hydration of C3A, it was also observed that there was high correlation coefficient value of 0.9802 between chemical composition and setting time showing that there is a relationship between both. This shows that variation in chemical composition will cause a corresponding variation in setting time.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 45-50\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwokocha Prince U.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbodo Munachiso C.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] ASTM. 1986. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Volume 04.01. Cement; Lime; Gypsum. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), West Conshohocken, PA, USA.\r\n[2] ASTM C191 (1992). Test for Time of Setting Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.\r\n[3] BS 4550: Part 0: 1978. Method of testing cement. General Introduction on Cement. BSI, London.\r\n[4] BS 4550: Part 3: 1979. Method of testing cement BSI, London.\r\n[5] BSI. 1978. BS 4550-3.4:1978 Methods of testing cement. Physical tests. Strength tests. British Standards Institution (BSI), London, UK.\r\n[6] Duggal, S.K. (2009). Building Materials. New Delhi, India. New Age International\r\n[7] Etim, I. (2014). The Cement War: An Alternative View. Vanguard, February 20, 2014. http:\/\/www. Vanguard News.com. Assessed on 5\/10\/2014.\r\n[8] EN 196-1 2005, Methods of testing Cement \u2013 Part 1: Determination of strength, European Standard, pp. 1-36.\r\n[9] EN 196-3 2005, Methods of testing Cement \u2013 Part 3: Determination of setting times and soundness, European Standard, pp. 1-18.\r\n[10] EN 196-6 2005, Methods of testing Cement \u2013 Part 6: Determination of fineness, European Standard, pp. 1-24\r\n[11] EN 197-1 2000, Cement \u2013 Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements, pp. 1-20\r\n[12] Muibat, D. Y. (2009). Physico-Chemical Classification of Nigerian Cement. AU J.T. 12(3). pp. 164-174.\r\n[13] Nwankwojike, B. N. Onwuka, O. S. and Ndukwe, E. C. (2014). An appraisal of different brands of Portland cement in Umuahia industrial market, Nigeria. Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, Vol 10, PP.39-44\r\n[14] Yahaya, M.D. (2009). Physico-Chemical Classification of Nigerian Cement.Au J.T. 12(3) pp. 164-174.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nwokocha Prince U., Ogbodo Munachiso C. &#8220;Analysis on Chemical Composition of Different Brands of Cement in Nigeria with Their Corresponding Setting Time&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.45-50 April 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/45-50.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/45-50.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-on-chemical-composition-of-different-brands-of-cement-in-nigeria-with-their-corresponding-setting-time\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Analysis on Chemical Composition of Different Brands of Cement in Nigeria with Their Corresponding Setting Time<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a56ea2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a56ea2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a56fc4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a56fc4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a571d0\" data-id=\"3a571d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5735b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5735b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a57431 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a57431\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a57604\" data-id=\"3a57604\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5777c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5777c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a57852 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a57852\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a57a1c\" data-id=\"3a57a1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a57b91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a57b91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a57c62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a57c62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a57e2d\" data-id=\"3a57e2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a57fa6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a57fa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5806c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5806c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a58230\" data-id=\"3a58230\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a583b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a583b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a58482 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a58482\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a58662\" data-id=\"3a58662\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a587fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a587fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Macro-propagation of Two Nigerian Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) Using three Growth Media<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Josephine U. Agogbua and Michael Folorunsho Odeyemi- April 2022 Page No.: 51-57<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a588c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a588c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a58ab5\" data-id=\"3a58ab5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a58c63 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a58c63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This study was conducted to investigate the sprouting potential of two varieties ((purple-skin with white-flesh &#8211; PSWF and cream-skin with yellow-flesh &#8211; CSYF)) of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) commonly grown and consumed in Nigeria. The tubers of the two varieties were cultivated in three substrates (hydroponics, sawdust and topsoil) to generate vines with assigned treatment groups \u2013 control (whole tuber), T1 (whole tuber with scarified buds), T2 (whole tuber split into two), T3 (whole tuber split into four) in a humidity chamber. Each treatment was replicated three times. The vines were grown for a study period of five weeks and the number and length of vines were recorded. It was observed that the different treatment levels showed variability for the cream and purple skinned, mean length of vines in topsoil (control 0,110; T1 0,105; T2 5.5,0; T3 0,18.3), in sawdust (control 0,0; T1 0,0; T2 0,0; T3 0,3), and in hydroponics (control 10.2,0; T1 17.7, 10.5; T2 3.6, 6; T3 0,0) respectively and number of vines in topsoil (control 0,4; T1 0,4; T2 1,0; T3 0,3), in sawdust (control 0,0; T1 0,0; T2 0,0; T3 0,3) and in hydroponics (control 5,0; T1 13,3; T2 8,8; T3 0,0) respectively. The result revealed that splitting of tubers and planting in topsoil and sawdust is not viable for the generation of vines for the two varieties as it gave little or no sprouts. The use of whole tubers or whole tubers with scarified buds planted in water is recommended since it produced the highest number of vines.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 51-57\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Josephine U. Agogbua <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Michael Folorunsho Odeyemi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adepoju, A., &amp; Adejumo, B. (2015). Some proximate properties of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) as influenced by cooking methods. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res, 4(3), 146-148.\r\n[2] Agboola, O. O., Oseni, O. M., Adewale, O. M., &amp; Shonubi, O. (2018). Effect of the use of sawdust as a growth medium on the growth and yield of tomato. Annales of West University of Timisoara. Series of Biology, 21(1), 67-74.\r\n[3] Ahmed, M., Nigussie-Dechassa, R., &amp; Abebie, B. (2012). Effect of planting methods and vine harvesting on shoot and tuberous root yields of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] in the Afar region of Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(7), 1129-1141.\r\n[4] Alam, M. K., Sams, S., Rana, Z. H., Akhtaruzzaman, M., &amp; Islam, S. N. (2020). Minerals, vitamin C, and effect of thermal processing on carotenoids composition in nine varieties orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 92, 103582.\r\n[5] Ambebe, T. F., Agbor, A. E. W., &amp; Siohdjie, C. S. (2018). Effect of different growth media on sprouting and early growth of cutting-propagated Cordia africana (Lam.). International Journal of Forest, Animal and Fisheries Research, 2(1), 28-33.\r\n[6] Anda, M., Suryani, E., Widaningrum, W., &amp; Nursyamsi, D. (2018). Soil potassium nutrient, temperature and rainfall required to generate \u2018Honey Taste\u2019of Cilembu sweet potato. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science, 19(1), 33-47.\r\n[7] Baiyin, B., Tagawa, K., Yamada, M., Wang, X., Yamada, S., Yamamoto, S., &amp; Ibaraki, Y. (2021). Effect of the flow rate on plant growth and flow visualization of nutrient solution in hydroponics. Horticulturae, 7(8), 225.\r\n[8] Cardoso, J. C., Sheng Gerald, L. T., &amp; Teixeira da Silva, J. A. (2018). Micropropagation in the twenty-first century. Plant cell culture protocols, 17-46.\r\n[9] Conz, R. F., Pereira, E. I. P., Naico, A., Andrade, M. I., &amp; Six, J. (2022). Identifying available resources and agricultural practices useful in soil fertility management to support orange-fleshed sweet potato cultivation on smallholder farms in Mozambique. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 18(1), 58-72.\r\n[10] da Conceicao Nhanala, S. E. (2021). Targeted use of Crop Wild Relatives for Improved Drought Tolerance in Sweetpotato [Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam.]. North Carolina State University.\r\n[11] El Sheikha, A. F., &amp; Ray, R. C. (2017). Potential impacts of bioprocessing of sweet potato. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(3), 455-471.\r\n[12] Heider, B., Struelens, Q., Faye, E., Flores, C., Palacios, J. E., Eyzaguirre, R., de Haan, S., &amp; Dangles, O. (2021). Intraspecific diversity as a reservoir for heat-stress tolerance in sweet potato. Nature Climate Change, 11(1), 64-69.\r\n[13] Kabirizi, J., Lule, P. M., Ojakol, J., Mutetikka, D., Naziri, D., Kyalo, G., Mayanja, S., &amp; Lukuyu, B. A. (2017). Sweetpotato silage manual for smallholder farmers.\r\n[14] Kannahi, M., &amp; Buvaneswari, R. (2019). Review on micropropagation of musa accuminata l. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR), 8(3), 147-163.\r\n[15] Low, J., Ball, A., Magezi, S., Njoku, J., Mwanga, R., Andrade, M., Tomlins, K., Dove, R., &amp; Van Mourik, T. (2017). Sweet potato development and delivery in sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 17(2), 11955-11972.\r\n[16] Makanjuola, O., &amp; Alokun, O. (2017). EFFECT OF VARIETY ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF POTATO FLOUR.\r\n[17] Mbusa, H., Ngugi, K., Olubayo, F., Kivuva, B., Muthomi, J., &amp; Nzuve, F. (2018). Agronomic performance of Kenyan orange fleshed sweet potato varieties. Journal of Plant Studies, 7(2).\r\n[18] Motsa, N. M., Modi, A. T., &amp; Mabhaudhi, T. (2015). Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as a drought tolerant and food security crop. South African Journal of Science, 111(11-12), 1-8.\r\n[19] Mvula, N. G. (2019). Growth and yield response of sweet potato to nitrogen fertilization in soils of Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa\r\n[20] Neela, S., &amp; Fanta, S. W. (2019). Review on nutritional composition of orange\u2010fleshed sweet potato and its role in management of vitamin A deficiency. Food science &amp; nutrition, 7(6), 1920-1945.\r\n[21] Ntamwira, J., Sivirihauma, C., Ocimati, W., Bumba, M., Vutseme, L., Kamira, M., &amp; Blomme, G. (2017). Macropropagation of banana\/plantain using selected local materials: a cost-effective way of mass propagation of planting materials for resource-poor households.\r\n[22] Panda, P. C., Mohanty, S. K., Bal, P., &amp; Kamila, P. K. (2019). Macro-propagation of threatened plants of India and its conservation implications.\r\n[23] Park, I., Yang, S., Kim, W. J., Noh, P., Lee, H. O., &amp; Moon, B. C. (2018). The complete chloroplast genomes of six Ipomoea species and indel marker development for the discrimination of authentic Pharbitidis Semen (Seeds of I. nil or I. purpurea). Frontiers in plant science, 9, 965.\r\n[24] Riaz, A., Younis, A., Ghani, I., Tariq, U., &amp; Ahsan, M. (2015). Agricultural waste as growing media component for the growth and flowering of Gerbera jamesonii cv. hybrid mix. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 4(3), 197-204.\r\n[25] Rouse, L. T. (2019). Influence of P Fertility on Sweetpotato Rooting During Containerized Transplant Production.\r\n[26] Sakamoto, M., &amp; Suzuki, T. (2020). Effect of Nutrient Solution Concentration on the Growth of Hydroponic Sweetpotato. Agronomy, 10(11), 1708.\r\n[27] Stahr, M., &amp; Quesada-Ocampo, L. (2020). Assessing the role of temperature, inoculum density, and wounding on disease progression of the fungal pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata causing black rot in sweetpotato. Plant Disease, 104(3), 930-937.\r\n[28] Szarvas, A., H\u00f3di, M. S., &amp; Monostori, T. (2018). The effects of different planting methods on sweet potato. Acta Agraria Debreceniensis(74), 173-177.\r\n[29] Tumuhimbise, R., &amp; Talengera, D. (2018). Improved propagation techniques to enhance the productivity of banana (Musa spp.). Open Agriculture, 3(1), 138-145.\r\n[30] Yang, Z., Zhu, P., Kang, H., Liu, L., Cao, Q., Sun, J., Dong, T., Zhu, M., Li, Z., &amp; Xu, T. (2020). High-throughput deep sequencing reveals the important role that microRNAs play in the salt response in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). BMC genomics, 21(1), 1-16.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Josephine U. Agogbua and Michael Folorunsho Odeyemi &#8220;Macro-propagation of Two Nigerian Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) Using three Growth Media&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.51-57 April 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/51-57.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/51-57.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/macro-propagation-of-two-nigerian-varieties-of-sweet-potato-ipomoea-batatas-l-lam-using-three-growth-media\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Macro-propagation of Two Nigerian Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) Using three Growth Media<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a59fff elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a59fff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5a126 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5a126\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5a357\" data-id=\"3a5a357\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5a508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5a508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5a5d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5a5d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5a7cd\" data-id=\"3a5a7cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5a94e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5a94e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5aa14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5aa14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5ac0d\" data-id=\"3a5ac0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5ad8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5ad8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5ae56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5ae56\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5b03b\" data-id=\"3a5b03b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5b1b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5b1b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5b30a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5b30a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5b4fd\" data-id=\"3a5b4fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5b68b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5b68b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5b755 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5b755\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5b93c\" data-id=\"3a5b93c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5bace elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5bace\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Update report and analysis on the global trends and progress of Covid -19 pandemic on 18th January, 2022 across different countries of the world<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Joseph Oyepata Simeon, Olorunfemi Ayodele Festus, Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu, Joseph Opeyemi Tosin, Sebastine Blessing Sunday Sunday- April 2022 Page No.: 58-66<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5bb96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5bb96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5bd8e\" data-id=\"3a5bd8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5bf41 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a5bf41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Background\/Aim: there has been lots of curiosity and pandemonium caused by upsurge of Covid -19 to global level. Steady global observation is immensely necessary track progress and drawbacks. This study is aim at analysising the global trends and progress of Covid -19 pandemic as at 18th January, 2022 across different countries of the world.\r\nMethod: Data from one hundred and eighty one (181) countries and regions of the world. Information was gotten from United Nations Geoscheme, WHO. Data were collated and analyzed\r\nResult: American continent appears to still be most affected by the virus with a high infection rate and even higher report of mortality. Europe is also affected but with better control of mortality, while African continents, with exception of South Africa, have are been less affected base on available data.\r\nConclusion: While there appears to be a conflicting approach on how best to manage and live with the virus, the new variants suggests that understanding and utilizing Africans biological survival mechanism may be the best way to regain near normal freedom<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 58-66\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Oyepata Simeon <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olorunfemi Ayodele Festus<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFestmed College of Education, Ajowa Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University, Oye\u2013Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Opeyemi Tosin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology, Lead City University Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sebastine Blessing Sunday<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Internal Medicine, State Specialist Hospital, Gombe State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Joseph O. S, Sabastine A. Z, Joseph O. T. (2021). Global Implication of Differential Impacts of Covid-19 on Different Countries Using the USA as A Comparism Factor. Journal of Nursing and Health Science. Volume 10, Issue 5. PP 36-44.\r\n[2]. COVID-19 vaccines&#8221;. World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved 3 March 2021.\r\n[3]. Page J, Hinshaw D, McKay B (26 February 2021). In Hunt for Covid-19 Origin, Patient Zero Points to Second Wuhan Market \u2013 The man with the first confirmed infection of the new coronavirus told the WHO team that his parents had shopped there&#8221;. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 February 2021.\r\n[4]. Joseph OS , Builders M , Joseph O T , Famojuro TI, Ogira JO, Moses FD, Musa TL. (2021). Effect of the Demographic of Covid-19 on Different Countries; Using the USA for Comparism. International journal of multidisciplinary research and analysis. Volume 04 Issue 02. Page 193-203.\r\n[5]. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) . ArcGIS. Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved 3 November 2021.\r\n[6]. Joseph O. S. , Joseph O. T. , Adeoye D. A. (2021). The Relative Global Consequences of Cumulative Distribution of Covid-19, Using the USA as Comparism Factor and Cumulative Covid -19 Data of 31st October 2021. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research And Analysis. Page 1906 -1917.\r\n[7]. Joseph OS and Joseph O T (2021). Effect of Clinical Study of Moringaoleifera on Body mass index, Low density lipoprotein and Triglyceride level in Patients on Tenofovir\/lamivudine\/efavirenz Combination Therapy. Advanced Herbal Med. Vol. 6. Issue 1. Page. 14-27\r\n[8]. Zimmer C. (26 February 2021). &#8220;The Secret Life of a Coronavirus \u2013 An oily, 100-nanometer-wide bubble of genes has killed more than two million people and reshaped the world. Scientists don&#8217;t quite know what to make of it&#8221;. Retrieved 28 February 2021.\r\n[9]. Islam MA (November 2020). &#8220;Prevalence of Headache in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 14,275 Patients&#8221;. Frontiers in Neurology. 11: 562634.\r\n[10]. Joseph O. S., Builders M., Joseph O. T., Sabastine A. Z. (2020). Assessing differential impacts of COVID-19 on African countries: A comparative study. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science. Vol. 5, Issue 5. Page 197-203\r\n[11]. CDC (2020). Post-COVID Conditions. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 12 July 2021.\r\n[12]. Wu X, Nethery RC, Sabath MB, Braun D, Dominici F (November 2020). &#8220;Air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: Strengths and limitations of an ecological regression analysis&#8221;. Science Advances. 6 (45): 342-355.\r\n[13]. Joseph O.S, Builders M., Joseph O, T. ,Zubairu S. A., Musa T. And Oyepata P. J (2019). Sub-Acute Toxicity Study of Ethanol Leaf Extract of OcimumCanum on Liver of Wister Rats. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation. Volume VI (V). Pp. 364-369.\r\n[14]. Islam MA (April 2021). &#8220;Prevalence and characteristics of fever in adult and paediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 17515 patients. PLOS ONE. 16 (4): Pg 224-234..\r\n[15]. Joseph O. S, Sabastine A. Z, Joseph O. T. (2021). Clinical evaluation of the potential benefits of taking Moringaoleifera on blood triglyceride and cholesterol level in patient taking Tenofovir\/Lamivudine\/Efavirenz (TLE) combination. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science &amp; Research. Vol. 13(10), 623-629.\r\n[16]. Oyebadejo S. A, Joseph O. S, Adesite S. O and Omorilewa A.O. (2019). Effect of Citrus Limon Juice and Tamoxifen on the Tumour growth mass\r\nIndices, Cell Proliferation, Cell Viability and Cytogenetic (Mitotic Index) of Sprague Dawley Rats Induced MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Saudi Journal of Biomedical Research. (4). Pg. 216 &#8211; 225.\r\n[17]. Cherry, J, Demmler-Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL.; Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ. (2018). Feign and Cherry&#8217;s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 453-466.\r\n[18]. Woo PC, Huang Y, Lau SK, Yuen KY. (2010). Corona virus genomics and bioinformatics analysis. Viruses. 2010. 2 (8): 1804\u201320.\r\n[19]. Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, Hamre D, Hofstad MS, Mallucci L, McIntosh K, Tyrrell DA . Virology: Coronaviruses. Nature. 1968. 220 (5168): 265-278.\r\n[20]. Jude E. O., Joseph O. S. and Emem E. U. (2016). Nephroprotective activity of Homaliumletestui stem extract against paracetamol induced kidney injury. Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine. Volume 6 (1): 38-43.\r\n[21]. Joseph O S., Musa T L., Joseph O T. ,Ibhafidon I. (2020). The Dynamics of Differential Impacts of COVID-19 on African Countries Compared to Other Parts of the World. International journal of multidisciplinary research and analysis. Volume 03 Issue 11. Page 185-198.\r\n[22]. Saniasiaya J, Islam MA (April 2021). &#8220;Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Meta-analysis of 27,492 Patients&#8221;. The Laryngoscope. 131(4): 865\u2013878.\r\n[23]. Saniasiaya J, Islam MA (November 2020). &#8220;Prevalence and Characteristics of Taste Disorders in Cases of COVID-19: A Meta-analysis of 29,349 Patients&#8221;. Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery. 165 (1): 33\u201342.\r\n[24]. Joseph O. S. and Joseph O. T. (2018). Hepatoprotective activity of ethanol stem extract of Homaliumletestui against thioacetamide-induced liver injury. The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy. Vol. 52 (1). Page 67-74.\r\n[25]. Joseph O. S., Jude E.O and Joseph O. T. (2018). Hepatoprotective activity of extract of HomaliumLetestui stem against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Advance Herbal Medicine. Vol 4(4), Page 1-11.\r\n[26]. Joseph O. S., Jude E.O and Joseph O. T. (2018).Effect of ethanol stem extract of homaliumletestuion gentamicin-induced\r\nkidney Injury in rat. Vol. 4(2). Page 51-64.\r\n[27]. Agyeman AA, Chin KL, Landersdorfer CB, Liew D, Ofori-Asenso R (August 2020). &#8220;Smell and Taste Dysfunction in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis&#8221;. Mayo Clin. Proc. 95 (8): 1621\u20131631.\r\n[28]. Comunian S, Dongo D, Milani C, Palestini P (June 2020). Air Pollution and Covid-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of Covid-19&#8217;s Morbidity and Mortality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (12): 4487.\r\n[29]. Jude E. O., Joseph O. S. and Emem E. U. (2016). Nephroprotective activity of Homaliumletestui stem extract against paracetamol induced kidney injury. Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine. Volume 6 (1): 38-43.\r\n[30]. Joseph O.S., Builders M., Emem E.U and Joseph O.T. (2019). effect of ethanol leaf extract of Cassia angustifolia extract on kidney of Wister Rats. Global Scientific Journal. Volume 8, Issue 9. Page 1023-1031.\r\n[31]. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. &#8220;Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study&#8221;. Lancet. 2020. 395 (10223): 507\u2013513\r\n[32]. Domingo JL, Marqu\u00e8s M, Rovira J (September 2020). &#8220;Influence of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on COVID-19 pandemic. A review&#8221;. Environmental Research. 188: 66-73.\r\n[33]. Joseph O. S., Modupe B., Wazis C. H., Joseph O. T., Sabastine A. Z., Musa T. L. and Moh\u2019d A. S. (2019). Effect of administration ethanol leaf extract of terminaliachebula on liver of wister rat. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation. Volume VI (Issue VII). Page 91- 97.\r\n[34]. Joseph O. S., Builders M., Wazis C. H., Sabastine A. Z., Musa T. L. and Joseph O. T. (2019). Histological study of effect of ethanol stem extracts of Homaliumletestui on thioacetamide &#8211; induced injury in albino rat, using various staining techniques. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation. Volume VI (Issue VII). Page 77 \u2013 85.\r\n[35]. COVID-19: Who&#8217;s at higher risk of serious symptoms? . Mayo Clinic.\r\n[36]. Joseph O. S., Jude E.O and Joseph O. T (2018). Hepatoprotective activity of extract of HomaliumLetestui stem against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Advance Herbal Medicine. Vol 4(4), Page 1-11.\r\n[37]. Joseph O. S., Builders M., Joseph O. T., Zubairu S.A., Musa T. and Oyepatap.j. (2019). Sub-acute toxicity study of ethanol leaf extract of Ocimumcanum on the kidney of wistar rats. African Journal of Pharmaceutical Research &amp; Development. Vol. 11 No.1. Page 1-7.\r\n[38]. Tamara A, Tahapary DL (July 2020). &#8220;Obesity as a predictor for a poor prognosis of COVID-19: A systematic review&#8221;. Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Syndrome. 14 (4): 655\u2013659.\r\n[39]. Petrakis D, Margin\u0103 D, Tsarouhas K, Tekos F, Stan M, Nikitovic D, et al. (July 2020). Obesity \u2013 A risk factor for increased COVID-19, severity and lethality (Review) . Molecular Medicine Reports. 22 (1): 9\u201319.\r\n[40]. Builders M., Joseph O. S., Timothy O. O., Philip B. (2020). Antimalarial Drugs and COVID -19. Sumerianz Journal of Medical and Healthcare. Vol. 3, No. 12, pp. 111-116.\r\n[41]. Fan Y, Zhao K, Shi ZL, Zhou P. Bat Corona viruses in China. Viruses. 2019.11 (3): 210-223.\r\n[42]. Modupe I. B., Oyepata S. J. and Akpobome R. V. (2019). Effect of Parkiabiglobosa extract on open skin wound healing in dexamethasone &#8211; induced hyperglycaemia\r\nand histological assessment in rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Vol. 13(8), pp. 84-89.\r\n[43]. Joseph O.S., Builders M., Emem E.U and Joseph O.T. (2019). effect of ethanol leaf extract of cassia angustifolia extract on liver of wister rats. Global Scientific Journal. Volume 8, Issue 9. Page 1112-11120.\r\n[44]. Oran DP, Topol EJ (January 2021). &#8220;The Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections That Are Asymptomatic : A Systematic Review&#8221;. Annals of Internal Medicine. 174 (5): M20-6976.\r\n[45]. Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) . U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 6 April 2020. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.\r\n[46]. Pansini R, Fornacca D (June 2021). Early Spread of COVID-19 in the Air-Polluted Regions of Eight Severely Affected Countries. Atmosphere. 12 (6): 795.\r\n[47]. Joseph O. S, Sabastine A. Z, Joseph O. T. (2021). Analysis and understanding the progress, trend and consequences of Covid -19 pandemic over a seven days period across different countries of the world. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM). Volume 4, Issue 2 pp: 1588-1598.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joseph Oyepata Simeon, Olorunfemi Ayodele Festus, Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu, Joseph Opeyemi Tosin, Sebastine Blessing Sunday &#8220;Update report and analysis on the global trends and progress of Covid -19 pandemic on 18th January, 2022 across different countries of the world&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.58-66 April 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/58-66.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/58-66.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/update-report-and-analysis-on-the-global-trends-and-progress-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-18th-january-2022-across-different-countries-of-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Update report and analysis on the global trends and progress of Covid -19 pandemic on 18th January, 2022 across different countries of the world<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5d2b8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a5d2b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5d847 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5d847\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5da22\" data-id=\"3a5da22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5dba1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5dba1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5dc69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5dc69\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5de4a\" data-id=\"3a5de4a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5dfc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5dfc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5e083 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5e083\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5e256\" data-id=\"3a5e256\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5e3ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5e3ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5e48c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5e48c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5e818\" data-id=\"3a5e818\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5e9d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5e9d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5eaa5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5eaa5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5ec8c\" data-id=\"3a5ec8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5ee28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5ee28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Radiation Emission Levels in Industrial Sites of Ibadan Metropolis Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Chiaghanam N.O. PhD*, Esien- umo E.O. PhD, Asuquo C.F. BSc, Oladiran O.R BSc- April 2022 Page No.: 67-70<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5eef2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5eef2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5f0eb\" data-id=\"3a5f0eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5f287 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a5f287\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6121\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6122\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6123\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6124\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6125\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6125\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6126\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6126\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6121\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The increase in population of major cities in Nigeria has caused proliferation of industries around them especially Ibadan. Hence, the rate and the volume of the waste generated equally increases. This can be a source of environmental health hazard and possible radiation emission from each industrial site to the workers and close residential areas calls for a concern. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess radiation emission levels in industrial sites of Ibadan metropolis. The industrial sites are mainly located in Oluyole L.G.A of Ibadan. A portable radiation survey meter RDS-30 with serial number 270354 was used to quantify the exposure levels in the industrial sites. The absorbed dose rates were determined at 10 different industries of the study area. The highest stable point was observed while radiation survey meter was placed at the level of Gonad at 1metre above the ground level. The procedure was repeated three times at the same point in the industrial site. An average mean value and standard deviation were determined for each of the locations. Radiological hazard indices were calculated from the data obtained. The mean background reading was 0.09uSvh-1. The mean equivalent dose was 0.14 uSvh-1, the mean absorbed doe rate (ADR) was 142nGyh-1. The calculated annual exposure dose rate (AEDR) was 0.17mSvy-1. The corresponding estimated ECLR was 0.60X10-3. However, from the result of the study, it was observed that proper and continuous evaluation of dose level should be maintained to avoid any possible health effect of radiation<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 67-70\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6122\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chiaghanam N.O. PhD<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Radiography and Radiological Science, University of Calabar, Calabar- Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Esien- umo E.O. PhD<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Radiography and Radiological Science, University of Calabar, Calabar- Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asuquo C.F. BSc<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Radiography and Radiological Science, University of Calabar, Calabar- Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oladiran O.R BSc<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Radiography and Radiological Science, University of Calabar, Calabar- Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6123\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ademola JA, Olatunji MA. (2013) Evaluation of NORM and dose assessment in an aluminum industry in Nigeria. World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 3:150-154,\r\n[2] Agbalagba EO, Avwiri GO, Ononugbo CP. (2016) GIS mapping of impact of industrial activities on the terrestrial background ionizing radiation levels of Ughelli metropolis and its Environs, Nigeria. Environmental Earth Science 75:1425 DOI 10.1007\/s12665- 0166216\r\n[3] Agbalagba OE. (2017) Assessment of excess lifetime cancer risk from gamma radiation levels in Effurun and Warri city of Delta state, Nigeria, Journal of Taibah, University for Science, 11(3), 367-380\r\n[4] Akinloye MK &amp; Olomo JB (2005). The Radioactivity in some grasses in the environment of\r\n[5] Nuclear research facilities located within OAU, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal Physics, 17 (1), 187 &#8211; 191.\r\n[6] Archibong BE and Chiaghanam NO (2020) Radiation emission levels from a waste dumpsite in Calabar, Cross River state, Nigeria. Science and Technology, 2020, 6(21), 20-27.\r\n[7] Areola O (1994). The spatial growth of Ibadan City and its Impact on the Rural Hinterland In:\r\n[8] M. O. Filani, F. O. Akintola (Eds.) Ibadan Region, Rex Charles Publication, Ibadan.\r\n[9] Chiaghanam NO, Nzotta CC &amp; Enweani LB (2019). Radiation Risk Assessment of Soil in Idomi, Cross River State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(1).\r\n[10] Etuk SE, Essiett AA and Agbasi OE. (2017) Measurement of Outdoor Ambient Radioactive Radiation and Evaluation of Radiation Indices and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk within Uyo, Unity Park, Uyo, Nigeria, Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 9 (4), 1-9\r\n[11] ICRP (2007) The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection: Annals of the ICRP Publication Elsevier, 103, 2-4\r\n[12] ICRP (2007). Recommendation of the International Commission on Radiological protection, ICRP Publication 103, Pereganon Press Oxford.\r\n[13] ICRP (2007) Radiological Protection in Medicine. ICRP Publication 105, 37, 1-63.\r\n[14] Jibiri, NN Farai IP, Alausa S (2007). Activity Concentration of Ra-226, Th-228 and K-40 in\r\n[15] different food crops from a high background radiation area in Bisichi Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. Radiation Environment Biophyscis, 46, 53-59.\r\n[16] Krueger, AO (1997). Trade Policy and Economic Development: How we learn. American Economic Review, 87 (1), 1-22.\r\n[17] Lu XW, Zhang XL. (2006) Measurement of natural radioactivity in sand samples collected from Baoji Weihe sands park, China, Environmental Geology, 50 (7), 977-982\r\n[18] Nwankwo LI and Akoshile CO. (2005) Background Radiation Study of Offa industrial of Kwara state, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science, Environment and Management, 9 (3), 95-98,\r\n[19] Odunaike, RK (2008). Measurement of radiation levels in refuse dumpsite across Lagos Metropolis, Southwestern Part of Nigeria. Environment Resources Journal, (2) 174-176.\r\n[20] Odunaike RK, Alausa SK, Oyebanjo OA, Ijeoma GC and Alo AO. (2009) Measurement of radiation level in refuse dumps across Lagos metropolis, Southwestern Part of Nigeria, Environ. Res. Journal, 2, 174-176\r\n[21] Ogbuozobe, JE (1996). Renewal Strategy and Community Based Organization in Community Development in Nigeria: Some Empirical Evidence. International Journal of Development and Management, 9(1), 6-9.\r\n[22] Rahman, AS (2011). A simple theory on the effects of industrialization. Department of Economics, United States Naval Academy. Pg 2.\r\n[23] Taskin H, Karavus M, Ay P, Topuzoglu A, Hindiroglu S, Karahan G. (2009) Radionuclide concentrations in soil and lifetime cancer risk due to the gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli. Turkey Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 100, 49-53\r\n[24] UNSCEAR (2000) Ionizing radiation: Sources and biological effects. Report to the General Assembly with scientific annexes, New York, United Nations\r\n[25] UNSCEAR. (2008) Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes, 1, New York\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6124\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chiaghanam N.O. PhD*, Esien- umo E.O. PhD, Asuquo C.F. BSc, Oladiran O.R BSc &#8220;Assessment of Radiation Emission Levels in Industrial Sites of Ibadan Metropolis Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.67-70 April 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/67-70.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6125\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6125\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6125\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-radiation-emission-levels-in-industrial-sites-of-ibadan-metropolis-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Assessment of Radiation Emission Levels in Industrial Sites of Ibadan Metropolis Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a605c1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a605c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a60ede elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a60ede\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a60fac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a60fac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a611a0\" data-id=\"3a611a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a6131d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a6131d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a613e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a613e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a615be\" data-id=\"3a615be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a61737 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a61737\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a61807 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a61807\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a619d2\" data-id=\"3a619d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a61b4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a61b4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a61c22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a61c22\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a61e08\" data-id=\"3a61e08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a61f81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a61f81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Education and COVID-19: Facts, insights and vital lessons<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>David Gitumu Mugo (PhD)- April 2022 Page No.: 71-78<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a62057 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a62057\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a62252\" data-id=\"3a62252\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a62406 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a62406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6121\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6122\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6123\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6124\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6125\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6125\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6126\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6126\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6121\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">COVID-19, a severe and fatal human respiratory ailment caused by Severe Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The purpose of the paper was to explore the scientific findings regarding SARS-CoV-2, its epidemiology and impact to the education system. The study was a documentary analysis of virtual documents stored electronically for access through the internet, text books, archival repositories as well as encyclopedia. The key findings indicated that genomic features of the virus demonstrated close phylogenic relationships with other viruses important to human illnesses. This disapproved a public argument that the virus was a laboratory construct. Further the study demonstrated that the transmission of the virus was chiefly exponential resulting to rapid outbreak of the ailment throughout China and other parts of the habitable world. The containment measure adopted by governments and states was largely lockdown of operations in many sectors of the economy, including education. By highlighting facts and insights on interventions adopted globally, the paper was able to provide a deeper understanding of COVID-19 within an educational context. The lessons gathered from the period of the epidemic are highlighted and can be useful to educationists when handling an epidemic in the future.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 71-78\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7404<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6122\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>David Gitumu Mugo (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKaratina University, P.O.Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6123\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] ADEA, AU\/CIEFFA, &amp; APHRC (2021). School Reopening in Africa during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Abidjan, Ouagadougou, Nairobi: ADEA, AU\/CIEFFA, APHRC. Downloaded on 12th January 2022 from https:\/\/www .adeanet.org\/sites\/default\/files\/school reope ning kix_ observatory.pdf\r\n[2] Aiano, F., Mensa, A.A., McOwat, K., Obi, C., Vusirikala, A., Powel, A. (2021): COVID 19 Outbreaks following full reopening of primary and secondary schools in England: cross sectional national surveillance, November 2020. The Lancet Region Health, Europe, downloaded 0n 12th june 2021 from https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/ journals\/lanepe \/article\/ PIIS2666-7762(21)00097-1\/\r\n[3] Ait A, Rachid &amp; Benksim, Abdelhafid &amp; Amine, Mohamed &amp; Cherkaoui, Mohamed. (2020). Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection management: The key to stop COVID-19. The Journal of clinical investigation. 11. 10.5799\/jcei\/7866. ). Downloaded on 8th July from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/340314585_Asymptomatic_COVID-19_infection management The key tostop COVID-19\/citation\/download\r\n[4] Anjorin, A. (2020). The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A review and an update on cases in Africa. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 13. 1-5. 10.4103\/1995-7645.281612.\r\n[5] Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Downloaded on 7th july 2020 from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html\r\n[6] Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) Guidance for COVID-19 Prevention in K-12 Schools. Downloaded 0n 6th January 2022 from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019- ncov\/community\/schools-childcare\/k-12-guidance.html\r\n[7] Chisholm, Rebecca &amp; Campbell, Patricia &amp; Wu, Yue &amp; Tong, Steven &amp; Mcvernon, Jodie &amp; Geard, Nicholas. (2018). Implications of asymptomatic carriers for infectious disease transmission and control. Royal Society Open Science. 5. 172341. 10.1098\/rsos.172341\r\n[8] Daihai Hea, *, Shi Zhaob,c , Qianying Lind , Zian Zhuanga , Peihua Caoe , Maggie H. Wangb,c , Lin Yangf (2020). The relative transmissibility of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections among close contacts. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Elsvier 2020.\r\n[9] Daniel P. Oran, AM and Eric J. Topol, (MD 2020). Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Annals of internal medicine, A Narrative Review Published online 2020 Jun 3. doi: 10.7326\/M20-3012. Downloaded on 8th July 2020 from https:\/\/www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov \/pmc \/articles \/PM C7281624\/\r\n[10] Di Gennaro, F., Pizzol, D., Marotta, C., Antunes, M., Racalbuto, V., Veronese, N., and Smith, L (2020) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review\r\n[11] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control-ECDC (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and supply of substances of human origin in the EU\/EEA. Downloaded on 7th July 2020 from https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/ files\/documents\/covid-19-supply-substances-human-origin.pdf\r\n[12] Hasnain, J., Shah, F., Ayyaz, K., Shahzar, K., Hazrat, U., Rabia, L., &amp; Sajjad.S. (2020). COVID-19: Review of Epidemiology and Potential Treatments Against 2019 Novel Coronavirus. Discoveries. 8. 10.15190\/d.2020.5.\r\n[13] Hemed,K. (2021). Combating COVID-19 in public schools. Downloaded on 13th January 2022 from https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/egypt\/stories\/combating-covid-19-public-schools\r\n[14] Hong, Hao &amp; Wang, Yuan &amp; Chung, Hung-Tao &amp; Chen, Chih-Jung. (2020). Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in newborns, infants and children. Pediatrics &amp; Neonatology. 61. 10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.03.001.\r\n[15] Laguipo, A.B.(2020). SARS-CoV-2 found in semen of COVID-19 patients. Downloaded on 7th July 2020 from https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/medical\/authors\/angela-betsaida-laguipo\r\n[16] McIntosh, K. (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Epidemiology, virology, and prevention. Downloaded on 7th July 2020 from https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/cont ent s\/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-epidemiology-virology-and-prevention\r\n[17] Meller, M. (2020) The asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic spread of COVID-19, Gundersen Health system. Downloaded on 7th July 2020 from https:\/\/www.gundersenhealth.org\/covid19\/the-asymptomatic-and-pre-symptomatic-spread-of-covid-19\/\r\n[18] Meredith, S., Choudhury, S.R., Lee, Y.N. (2020) Global Increase in Reported Corona Virus Cases. Downloaded on 15th July from https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/04\/02\/coronavirus-live-updates.html\r\n[19] Michelle L., Holshue. ,Chas DeBolt, M.P.H.,Scott Lindquist, M.D.,Kathy H. Lofy, M.D., John Wiesman, Dr.P.H., Hollianne Bruce, M.P.H.,Christopher Spitters, M.D., Keith Ericson, P.A.-C., Sara Wilkerson, M.N., Ahmet Tural, M.D., George Diaz, M.D., Amanda Cohn, M.D.,First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States Downloaded from 23rd July 2020 from https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJ Moa200119 1#article letters\r\n[20] Mustafa, Nasir. (2020). Impact of the 2019\u201320 coronavirus pandemic on education. 10.13140\/RG.2.2.27946.98245. Downloaded on 8th July 2020 from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/340849956_ Impact_of _the 2019 20 coronavirus _pandemic_ on education\/citation\/download\r\n[21] Safadi, Marco. (2020). The intriguing features of COVID-19 in children and its impact on the pandemic. Jornal de Pediatria. 96. 10.1016\/j.jped.2020.04.001.\r\n[22] Sheikhi, Kowsar &amp; Shirzadfar, Hamidreza &amp; Sheikhi, Milad. (2020). A Review on Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19): Symptoms, Transmission and Diagnosis Tests. 10.33702\/ridtm.2020.2.1.1. Downloaded from on 6th July 2020 from https:\/\/www. researchgate .net\/publication\/341105491 _A_Review_on_Novel_ Corona virus _Covid-19 _SymptomsTransmission_and_Diagnosis_Tests\r\n[23] Spiteri, Gianfranco &amp; Fielding, James &amp; Diercke, Michaela &amp; Campese, Christine &amp; Enouf, Vincent &amp; Gaymard, Alexandre &amp; Bella, Antonino &amp; Sognamiglio, Paola &amp; Moros, Maria &amp; Riutort, Antonio &amp; Demina, Yulia &amp; Mahieu, Romain &amp; Broas, Markku &amp; Bengn\u00e9r, Malin &amp; Buda, Silke &amp; Schilling, Julia &amp; Filleul, Laurent &amp; Lepoutre, Agn\u00e8s &amp; Saura, Christine &amp; Ciancio, Bruno. (2020). First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020. Euro surveillance . 25. 10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.9.2000178.\r\n[24] Susan R. Weiss1* and Sonia Navas-Martin2* (2020). Coronavirus Pathogenesis and the Emerging Pathogen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, Dec. 2005, p. 635\u2013664 Vol. 69, No. 4, 1092-2172\/05\/$08.00_0 doi:10.1128\/MMBR.69.4.635\u2013664.2005, Copyright \u00a9 2005, American Society for Microbiology.\r\n[25] UNESCO (2020-1): Education: From Disruption to recovery, UNESCO. Downloaded on 8th July 2020 from https:\/\/en.unesco. org \/covid19\/educationresponse+\r\n[26] UNESCO (2020-2). Handbook on Facilitating Flexible Learning during Educational Disruption. The Chines experience in maintaining undisrupted learning in COVID -19 Outbreak. Downloaded on 10th July 2020 from https:\/\/iite.unesco.org\/wp-content \/uploads\/2020\/03\/Handbook-on-Facilitating-Flexible-Learning-in-COVID-19-Outbreak-SLIBNU-V1.2-20200315.pdf\r\n[27] UNESCO (2020-3) COVID-19 Education Response Education Sector issue notes Issue Noten\u00b07.3\u2013June2020. Downloaded on 12th January 2022 from https:\/\/unesdoc .unesco.org\/ark: \/48223\/pf0000373610\/PDF\/373610eng.pdf.multi\r\n[28] UNESCO (2020-4). Emerging lessons from country experiences in managing the process of reopening schools. Downloaded on 13th January 2022 from https:\/\/www. unicef.org\/media\/83026\/file\/Emerging-lessons- from-countries-experiences-of-reopening -schools-2020.pdf\r\n[29] UNESCO (2021) School closures and regional policies to mitigate learning loss due to COVID-19: Downloaded on 13th January 2022 a focus on the Asia-Pacific. https:\/ \/unesdoc. unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000378429\r\n[30] UNESCO IESALC. (2019). COVID-19 and higher education: Today and tomorrow April 9, 2020 1 Impact analysis, policy responses and recommendations. Downloaded on 8th July 2020 from http:\/\/www.iesalc .unesco.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads \/2020\/04\/COVID-19-EN-090420-2.pdf\r\n[31] UNICEF (2020). Key Messages and Actions for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Schools. Unicef, WHO and IFCR. Downloaded on 7th July 2020 from https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/key-messages-and-actions-for-covid-19-prevention-and-control-in-schools-march-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=baf81d52_4\r\n[32] UNICEF (2022). UNICEF for every child. Downloaded on 12th January 2022 from https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/press-releases\/schools-still-closed-nearly-77-million-students-18-months-pandemic-unicef\r\n[33] UNO (2020). United Nation Policy bried on the Impact of COVID-19 on Children. Downloaded on 9th July 2020 from https :\/\/unsdg.un.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-04\/160420_Covid_Children_Policy_Brief.pdf\r\n[34] Wilder-Smith, A., Teleman, M. D., Heng, B. H., Earnest, A., Ling, A. E., &amp; Leo, Y. S. (2005). Asymptomatic SARS coronavirus infection among healthcare workers, Singapore. Emerging infectious diseases, 11(7), 1142\u20131145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid 1107.041165\r\n[35] Willey, M (2020). COVID-19: Countries around the world are reopening their schools. Downloaded from on 12th January 2020 from https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda \/2020\/05\/ coronavirus-countries-schools-education-covid19-reopen-classroom\/\r\n[36] World Bank (2020) Guidance Note on Education Systems\u2019 Response to COVID19 March 25, 2020. Downloaded on 10th July 2020 from http:\/\/pubdocs.worldbank.org \/en\/450881585235950757\/COVID19-Education-Sector-Guidance-Note-March26.pdf\r\n[37] World Bank. 2020. The COVID-19 Pandemic : Shocks to Education and Policy Responses. World Bank, Washington, DC. \u00a9 World Bank. https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/33696 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO\r\n[38] World Bank, (2021). Remote Learning During COVID-19: Lessons from Today, Principles for Tomorrow. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/edutech\/brief\/how-countries-are-using-edtech-to-support-remote-learning-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\r\n[39] World Health Organization (2018) Managing epidemics, Key facts about major deadly diseases\r\n[40] World Health Organization (2019) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) training: Online training. Downloaded on 1st July 2020 from https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies \/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/training\/online-training\r\n[41] World Health Organization 3 (2020) Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in suspected human cases Interim guidance for 19 March 2020\r\n[42] World Health Organization -4 (2020) . Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report \u2013 73. Data as reported by national authorities by 10:00 CET 2 April 2020. Downloaded on 6th July 2020 from https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/ corona viruses \/situation-reports \/20200402-sitrep-73-Covid-19.pdf\r\n[43] Wu, Zunyou and MacGroan . (2020). Asymptomatic and Pre-Symptomatic COVID-19 in China. Infectious Diseases of Poverty 9:72 Downloaded on 16th July 2020 from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-020-00679-2\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6124\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">David Gitumu Mugo (PhD) &#8220;Education and COVID-19: Facts, insights and vital lessons&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.71-78 April 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7404<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6125\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6125\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6125\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/71-78.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6126\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6126\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6126\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/education-and-covid-19-facts-insights-and-vital-lessons\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Education and COVID-19: Facts, insights and vital lessons<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a6377a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a6377a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a63ecc\" data-id=\"3a63ecc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a64057 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a64057\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a6411e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a6411e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a642f9\" data-id=\"3a642f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a64476 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a64476\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a64539 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a64539\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a64715\" data-id=\"3a64715\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a6488f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a6488f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a64953 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a64953\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a64b2e\" data-id=\"3a64b2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a64ca4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a64ca4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a64d67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a64d67\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a64f55\" data-id=\"3a64f55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a650d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a650d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Composition and Vegetation Potention Study of Production Forest in Kphp Dampelas Tinombo Area, Pariasanagung Village, Dampelas Sub District of Donggala, Central Sulawesi Province<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Imran Rachman- April 2022 Page No.: 79-84<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a65195 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a65195\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a65389\" data-id=\"3a65389\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a6551c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a6551c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6121\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6122\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6123\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6124\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6125\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6125\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6126\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6126\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6121\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The production forest area in the Dampelas Tinombo KPH (Forest Management Unit is an organization that works at the site level and is expected to be a prerequisite for the implementation of a sustainable and equitable forest management system) area which was included in the area of Parisan Agung Village, Dampelas District which was indicated to be damaged had an area of about 410 Ha, so that a study was needed on the composition and potential of production forest in Parisan Agung Village in order to plan the utilization and development of plantation forests that were aims to provide welfare for people living around forest areas without changing their main function. This research was carried out for 3 months starting from June to September 2018. The location of this research was in a production forest located in the Dampelas Tinombo KPHP Model area which was included in the Parisan Agung Village area, Dampelas sub district of Donggala, Central Sulawesi Province. The composition of forest vegetation types in Parisan Agung Village consisted of 28 types of vegetation. at the tree level in the plot as many as 165 individuals from 25 types of vegetation while the pole level vegetation as many as 140 individuals from 25 types of vegetation, at the sapling level as many as 145 individuals from 28 types of vegetation and seedling level as many as 154 individuals from 28 types of vegetation. While the potential volume of trees in the observation plot was 162.53 m3 from 165 individuals, the type of bayas had the highest volume with 13. 17 m3 and the volume of the pole level in the observation plot was 17.89 m3 from 140 individuals, the prupuk species had a volume of 17.89 m3. the largest with 1.63 m3<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 79-84\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 May 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7405<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6122\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Imran Rachman <\/strong><\/span>\r\nManagement and Conservation Interest, Forestry Study Program, Forestry Faculty, Tadulako University, Soekarno Hatta Street Km. 9 Palu 94118 Central Sulawesi, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6123\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Anonim, Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 41 tahun 1999 tentang penyelenggaraan perlindungan hutan dan konservasi alam.\r\n[2] Anonim, Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Propinsi Kalimantan Barat (1999).\r\n[3] Bruton, J.A., Hedges, S., Mustari, A.H. 2005. The taxonomic Status, Distribution and Concervation Needs of the Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis) and Mountain Anoa (B. Quarliesi). Mammal Review 35 (1):25-50.\r\n[4] Bratawinata, 1997. Pengaruh Hutan dan Konservasi Hutan Hujan Tropis di Indonesia. Program pasac Sarjana Kehuatanan UNMUL. Samarinda.\r\n[5] Departemen Kehutanan, 2004. Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan No. P.01\/Menhut- II\/2004 Tentang: Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Setempat di dalam dan atau Sekitar Hutan Dalam Rangka Social Forestry. Jakarta: Departemen Kehutanan Republik Indonesia.\r\n[6] Fachrul, M.T. 2007, Metode Sampling Bioekologi, Penerbit Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.\r\n[7] Fajri, M, dan A. Saridan, 2012. Kajian Ekologi Parahorea Malaanonan merr di Hutan Penelitian Labanan Kabupaten Bera. Kalimantan Timur.\r\n[8] Helwinsyah. 2009. Komposisi Jenis Vegetasi Tingkat Pohon di Sempadan Sungai Wera Pada Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Wera Kabupaten Donggala. Skripsi. Jurusan Kehutanan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Tadulako. Palu.\r\n[9] Husch, B, 1987. Perencanaan Inventarisasi Hutan. Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.\r\n[10] Kaisang, S, 2004. Keanekaragaman Jenis Vegetasi Kebun Hutan Desa Bolapapu Kecamatan Kulawi Taman Nasional Lore Lindu, Skripsi. Program Studi Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tadulako, Palu.\r\n[11] Mac Kinnon. 1986.Alam Asli Indonesia, Flora, Fauna dan Keserasiannya. Penerbit Gramedia, Jakarta.\r\n[12] Mawazin, A., Subiakto, 2013. Keanekaragaman dan Komposisi Jenis Permudaan Alam Hutan Rawa Gambut Bekas Tebangan di Riau. Pusat Litbang Konservasi dan Rahabilitasi.\r\n[13] Mustari, A.H. 2003. Ecology and conservatiom of lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis) in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Doctor of Philosophy [thesies]. Australia: Univ of New England.\r\n[14] Simon, H, 1996. Pengantar Kehutanan. Bagian Penerbit Yayasan Pembina Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjha Mada, Yogyakarta.\r\n[15] Winarto, 2006. Kamus Rimbawan. Yayasan Bumi Indonesia Hijau. Jakarta\r\n[16] Zain, AS. 1996. Hukum Lingkungan Konservasi Hutan. Jakarta. Penerbit Rineka Cipta.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6124\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Imran Rachman &#8220;The Composition and Vegetation Potention Study of Production Forest in Kphp Dampelas Tinombo Area, Pariasanagung Village, Dampelas Sub District of Donggala, Central Sulawesi Province&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.79-84 April 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.7405<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6125\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6125\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6125\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/79-84.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6126\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6126\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6126\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-composition-and-vegetation-potention-study-of-production-forest-in-kphp-dampelas-tinombo-area-pariasanagung-village-dampelas-sub-district-of-donggala-central-sulawesi-province\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Composition and Vegetation Potention Study of Production Forest in Kphp Dampelas Tinombo Area, Pariasanagung Village, Dampelas Sub District of Donggala, Central Sulawesi Province<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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elementor-element-3a66eee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a66eee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a670bb\" data-id=\"3a670bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a67249 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a67249\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a6730f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a6730f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a674dc\" data-id=\"3a674dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a6765e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a6765e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a67723 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a67723\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a678eb\" data-id=\"3a678eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a67a6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a67a6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a67b2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a67b2f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a67cf5\" data-id=\"3a67cf5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a67f4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a67f4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a6805a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a6805a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a682f2\" data-id=\"3a682f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a684ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a684ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Improving Power Availability of the National Power System Using Solar-Based Enhanced Distributed Generation Technology<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ofure Imomon, James Eke, Linus Anih, Dorathy Abonyi- April 2022 Page No.: 85-91<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a685ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a685ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a6883b\" data-id=\"3a6883b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a68a2c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3a68a2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6121\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6122\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6123\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6124\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6125\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6125\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6126\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6126\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6121\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6121\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">In this paper, the method for connecting a solar-based enhanced distributed generation technology to the national utility grid was developed, which is expected to improve the poor state of electric power supply in Nigeria. All countries in the world need an available power supply to improve its economy. The power sector is an important sector that requires good funding for the constant availability of electricity for its citizens. Nigeria has not yet met the population requirement as far as power availability is concerned. The utilization of solar photovoltaic generated electricity will improve the nation\u2019s power supply and ensure power availability in the country. The study aims to improve the power availability of the national power system using solar-based enhanced distributed generation technology. The photovoltaic system generated 250MW solar power which was injected into the national utility grid. The 250MW was gotten from five locations in the country as each location generated 50MW to the national utility grid. The performance of power output from the photovoltaic array as well as the power output from the inverter into the grid and losses that arose from the solar photovoltaic system was analysed. The simulation carried out in this work was done with PVsys and AutoCAD software. From the analysis done using PVsys software, to analyse the annual performance of the photovoltaic system for the five locations, the system gave a percentage performance of 79.1percent for the photovoltaic system and the total energy the arrays will inject into the grid annually is 387.765GWh.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 85-91\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6122\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6122\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ofure Imomon<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>James Eke<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>James Eke<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nigeria, Nsukka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dorathy Abonyi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6123\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6123\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. CBN (1985), Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Reports and Statement of Account\r\n[2]. Chineke T.C, Igwiro E.C (2008), Urban and rural electrification: enhancing the energy sector in Nigeria using photovoltaic technology.\r\n[3]. Council for Renewable Energy, Nigeria (CREN) (2009), Nigeria Electricity Crunch. available at www.renewablenigeria.org\r\n[4]. Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) (2007) Nigeria, Nigeria, retrieve from http:\/\/www.DPR.gov.ng\r\n[5]. Design on AutoCAD\r\n[6]. Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) (2005), Renewable Energy Master Plan Energy Commission of Nigeria, retrieve from: http:\/\/www.energy.gov.ng on 16 Dec 2016.\r\n[7]. Energy Commission of Nigeria. Draft of national renewable energy and energy efficiency policy 2014 retrieve from: http:\/\/www.energy.gov.ng\/ on 15 Dec, 2016.https:\/\/www.agreate.com\/commercia-battery-energy-storage\/aten-250kw-bess-battery-energy-storage-system https:\/\/www.tanfon.com\/products\/Solar-Off-Grid-System\/Three-Phase-Solar-System\/250kva-250kw-off-grid-solar-panel-system-with-battery-power-storage.html https:\/\/www.sungrowpower.com\r\n[8]. Onohaebi O. S., (2009) &#8220;Power outage in the Nigeria Transmission Grid &#8220;Research journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 4, pp.1-9.\r\n[9]. Onyebuchi EI (1989), Alternative energy strategies for the developing world\u2019s domestic use: A case study of Nigerian household\u2019s final use patterns and preferences. The Energy Journal 10(3):121\u2013138\r\n[10]. Output performance on PVsyst simulation software\r\n[11]. Panciatici P., Bareux G., and Wehenkel L., Sep. (2012), Operating in the fog: security management under uncertainty\u201d, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 40\u201349.\r\n[12]. The Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP) (2014). The Nigerian energy sector &#8211; an overview with a special emphasis on renewable energy, energy efficiency and rural electrification. Nigeria: The Nigerian Energy Support Programme; 2014.\r\n[13]. Villalva M. G., Gazoli J. R., and Filho E. R., &#8220;Modeling and circuit-based simulation of photovoltaic arrays,&#8221; in Power Electronics Conference, 2009. COBEP &#8217;09. Brazilian, 2009, pp. 1244-1254.\r\n[14]. Weidong X., Dunford W. G., and Capel A., (1950-1956) &#8220;A novel modeling method for photovoltaic cells,&#8221; in Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual, 2004, pp. Vol.3.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6124\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6124\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ofure Imomon, James Eke, Linus Anih, Dorathy Abonyi &#8220;Improving Power Availability of the National Power System Using Solar-Based Enhanced Distributed Generation Technology&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-4, pp.85-91 April 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-4\/85-91.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a6b164 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a6b164\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a6b35a\" data-id=\"3a6b35a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a6b4fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a6b4fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Minimizing Packet Drop Due to Black Hole Attack in Wireless Ad-Hoc Network Using Intrusion Detection System Constance 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