{"id":7940,"date":"2022-11-30T11:42:40","date_gmt":"2022-11-30T11:42:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/?page_id=7940"},"modified":"2022-12-26T08:18:53","modified_gmt":"2022-12-26T08:18:53","slug":"volume-vii-issue-xi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/archive\/volume-vii-issue-xi\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VII Issue XI"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7940\" class=\"elementor elementor-7940 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-160f9af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"160f9af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-160fcf3\" data-id=\"160fcf3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-160feed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"160feed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Red Mangrove Leaves on Haematological Parameters of Broilers <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ebiye Adipere, Samuel Nnadi Wekhe, Nathaniel O. Iboyi, Sheila Ojei Michael, and Valentine Obinna Okpoko- November 2022 Page No.: 01-04<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1610008 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1610008\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1610294\" data-id=\"1610294\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16104dd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16104dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">A completely randomized design experiment was conducted to study the effect of mangrove leaves on the blood parameters of broilers. Sixty day old hubbard broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups A, B, C, and D of 15 birds per group. All groups were replicated thrice with five birds. The birds were administered with dried powdered mangrove leaves at graded levels of 10g\/Kg feed for B, 20g\/Kg feed for C, and 30g\/Kg for D, while A served as the control without mangrove leaves. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. Proximate analysis was carried out on the leaves for fat, crude protein, and ash contents. The blood parameters measured were PCV, RBC, and WBC. The results from the proximate analysis showed that red mangrove leaves contained 2.4% fat, 9.9% crude protein, and 34.4% ash contents. Findings from the study indicated that dietary levels of 10g\/Kg, 20g\/Kg, and 30g\/Kg red mangrove leaves significantly increased treatment means of packed cell volume, and red blood cells. It was also observed from the study that total white blood cells were not affected by the graded levels of red mangrove leaves powder incorporated into the feeds. Red mangrove leaves are of great value on improving packed cell volume and red blood cells of broilers. This means an increased ability to carry and distribute oxygen and nutrients to the body, consequently increasing the productivity or livability of the birds. The increase in these blood parameters shows the potential of red mangrove leaves in improving the health status of broilers. Feed compounders should incorporate red mangrove leaves in their feeds<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-04\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 November 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ebiye Adipere <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdmiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Delta State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel Nnadi Wekhe<\/strong><\/span>\r\nRivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, Rivers State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nathaniel O. Iboyi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdmiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Delta State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sheila Ojei Michael <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdmiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Delta State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Valentine Obinna Okpoko <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdmiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Delta State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Banerjee, G. (1992). Poultry. 3rd Edition. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. PVT. Ltd. New Delhi, Pp, 30-31.\r\n[2] Berepobubo, N. A., Wekhe, S. N., Ikeobi, J. &amp; Jumbo, I. (1996). Body weight response of young poults and pre-market adult age turkeys to dietary orabolin (ethylsterol). J. Appl. Anim. Res. 9, 181-185.\r\n[3] Chao, S. C., Young, D. G., &amp; Oberg, C. J. (2000). Screening for inhibitory activity of essential oils on selected bacteria, fungi and viruses. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12, 639\u2013649.\r\n[4] Chattopadhyay M. K. (2014). Use of antibiotics as feed additives: a burning question. Front Microbiol. 5:334\u2013336.\r\n[5] Chineke, C. A., Ologun, A. G. &amp; Ikeobi, C. O. N. (2006). Haematological Parameters in Rabbit Breeds and Crosses in Humid Tropics. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9, 2102-2106.\r\n[6] Clark, L. E., &amp; Sunderland, T. C. H. (2004). The key non-timber forest products of Central Africa: state of the knowledge. Washington DC: US Agency for International Development (USAID). Washington DC: SD Publication Series Office of Sustainable Development Bureau for Africa U.S. Agency for International Development121\u2013140 Technical Paper No. 122\r\n[7] Delgado, C. (2005). Rising demand for meat and milk in developing countries: implications for grasslands-based livestock production. In Grassland: a global resource (ed. D. A. McGilloway), pp. 29\u201339. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.\r\n[8] Nwate, L. A. (1998). Influence of sodium chloride (common salt) on broiler performance in a humid tropical environment. Unpublished B.Sc. Project of Rivers State University of science and Technology Port Harcourt. Pp. 247.\r\n[9] Gracia, M. I., Millan, C., Sanchez, J., Guyard-Nicodeme, M., Mayot, J., &amp; Carre, Y. (2016). Efficacy of feed additives against Campylobacter in live broilers during the entire rearing period: Part B. Poultry Science, 95, 886\u2013892.\r\n[10] Hashemi, S.R., Zulkifli, I., Hair-Bejo, M., Karami, M. &amp; Soleimani, A. F. (2009, August). The effects of Euphorbia hirta and acidifier supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant activity in broiler chickens. In Proceedings of the 21st Veterinary Association Malaysia (VAM) Congress, 79.\r\n[11] Humphrey, B. D., &amp; Klasing, K. C. (2003). Modulation of nutrient metabolism and homeostasis by the immune system. Proceedings of the European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, August 10-14, 2003.\r\n[12] Ozogul, Y., Kuley, E., Ucar, Y., &amp; Ozogul, F. (2015). Antimicrobial impacts of essential oils on food borne pathogens. Recent Pathogen in Food Nutrition and Agriculture, 7, 53\u201361.\r\n[13] Manzanilla, E. G., Baucells, F., Kamel, C., Morales, J., Perez, J. F., &amp; Gasa, J. (2001). Effects of Plant Extracts on the Performance and Lower Gut Microflora of Early Weaned Piglets. Journal of Animal Science, 1, 473.\r\n[14] Obajuluwa, O. V., Sanwo, K. A., Egbeyale, L. T. &amp; Fafiolu, A. O. (2020). Performance, blood profile and gut morphometry of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with Yohimbe (Pausynistalia yohimbe) and Larvacide. Veterinary and Animal Science 10, 1-9.\r\n[15] Ogebe, P. O. (1987). The Influence of lucaema Leucocephala supplementation on the initialization of cassava peels by sheep and goats. An M Sc thesis Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, pp. 3-10.\r\n[16] Peters, S.O., Gunn, H.H., Imumorin, I.G., Imumorin, I. G., Agaviezor, B. O. &amp; Ikeobi, C. O. N. (2011). Haematological studies on frizzled and naked neck genotypes of Nigerian native chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod. 43, 631\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-010-9743-7\r\n[17] Randel, I. K. (1979). Growth promoter, the High Mileage Ingredients. Poultry World Magazine, p. 16.\r\n[18] Shidi, S. A., Wekhen, S. N., Amakiri, A, O. &amp; Owen, O. J. (2020). The Effect of Intake of Rhizophora racemosa (Red Mangrove) Leaves and Root-Bark on Some Blood Parameters of Broilers. Clin Res AnimSci. 1(1), 1-3.\r\n[19] Smith, A. J. (1990). Poultry the tropical Agriculturist. CTA, Macmillan, New York, USA, pp. 39-43.\r\n[20] Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. (1980). Princles and Procedures of Statistics 2nd edi., McGraw Hill Books Co. New York.\r\n[21] Vidanarachchi, J. K., Mikkelsen, L. L., Sims, I. M., Iji, P. A., &amp; Choct, M. (2006). Selected plant extracts modulate the gut microflora in broilers. Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 18, 145\u2013148.\r\n[22] Wekhe, S. N. &amp; Igoni, K. E. (1999). Growth effect of furaltadone on broilers in the humid tropics. Nig. Vet. J. 20(1), 101-106.\r\n[23] Wekhe, S. N. &amp; Njoku, C. O. (2000). Preliminary investigation of the effect of Alchornea cordifolia on the weight gain and organ size of broilers. Proc. 5th Annual Conference ASAN Sept. 19-23, 2000. Port Harcourt. 2.\r\n[24] Wekhe, S. N, Taylor B. B. (1992). Antifungal-Antibiotic combination as broiler feed additives in the humid tropics. Discovery and Innovation 4: 92-96, 341.\r\n[25] Wekhe SN, Oboh CC (2007). The effect of Rhizophora racemosa (mangrove) feed additive on broiler performance. 3rd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production. Calabar, Nigeria, pp. 419- 521. 10.\r\n[26] Yang, Y., Ashworth, A. J., Cook, K., Willett, C., Upadhyay, A., &amp; Owens, P. (2018). Review of Antibiotic Resistance, Ecology, Dissemination, and Mitigation in U.S. Broiler Poultry Systems. Front. Microbiol. 10, 2639.\r\n[27] Gous, R. M., Cherry. P. (2004). Effects of body weight at, and lighting regimen and growth curve to, 20 weeks on laying performance in broiler breeders. Br Poult Sci 45(4): 445-452.\r\n[28] Joseph, N. S., Robinson, F. E., Renema, R. A., Thorsteinson, K. A. (2003). Comb growth during sexual maturation in female broiler breeders. J Appi Poult Sci 12(1): 7-13.\r\n[29] Lewis, P. D., Backhouse, D. &amp; Gous, R. M. (2004). Constant photoperiods and sexual maturity in broiler breeder pullets. Br Poult Sci 45(4): 557-560.\r\n[30] McGary, S., Estevez, I., Bakst, M. R. (2003). Potential relationship between physical traits and male broiler breeder fertility. Poult Sci 82(2): 328- 337\r\n[31] Sigolo, S., Milis, C., Dousti, M., Jahandideh, E., Jalali, A., Mirzaei, N., Rasouli, B., Seidavi, A., Gallo, A., Ferronato, G. &amp; Prandini, A. (2021). Effects of different plant extracts at various dietary levels on growth performance, carcass traits, blood serum parameters, immune response and ileal microflora of Ross broiler chickens, Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20(1), 359-371.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ebiye Adipere, Samuel Nnadi Wekhe, Nathaniel O. Iboyi, Sheila Ojei Michael, and Valentine Obinna Okpoko &#8220;Effect of Red Mangrove Leaves on Haematological Parameters of Broilers &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.01-04 November 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/01-04.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-red-mangrove-leaves-on-haematological-parameters-of-broilers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Red Mangrove Leaves on Haematological Parameters of Broilers <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1611bcd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1611bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1612978 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1612978\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1612a56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1612a56\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1612c40\" data-id=\"1612c40\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1612db9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1612db9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1612e9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1612e9d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1613072\" data-id=\"1613072\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16131e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16131e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16132bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16132bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16134a1\" data-id=\"16134a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1613629 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1613629\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Detection of Face Emotion and Music Recommendation System using Machine Learning<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Danish Ali, Md. Tahmidul Huque, Jafreen Jafor Godhuli, Naeem Ahmed- November 2022 Page No.: 05-08<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16136f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16136f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16138d4\" data-id=\"16138d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1613a7b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1613a7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Face emotion detection has recently attracted a lot of interest because of its uses in computer vision and the field of human-computer interaction. Various methods and applications were suggested and put into use as a result of the ongoing research in this area. In this study, we present an emotion-recognition recommender system that can identify a user&#8217;s feelings and offer a selection of suitable songs that might lift his spirits. To gather information and enable us to give the users a selection of music tracks that are effective at lifting the users&#8217; spirits, a quick search was undertaken to learn how music may impact the user mood in the short term. The suggested system recognizes emotions, and if the individual is feeling down, a special playlist including the best kinds of music will be played to lift his spirits. On the other hand, if a favorable mood is recognized, an appropriate playlist will be offered that contains several genres of music that will amplify the pleasant feelings. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods and the Fisher Face algorithm are used to implement the suggested recommender system.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 05-08\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 November 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71101\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71101<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Danish Ali<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, GPGC Haripur, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Tahmidul Huque<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jafreen Jafor Godhuli<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Naeem Ahmed<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, GPGC Haripur, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Saputra, M.A., STUDENTS VISUAL EXPRESSION TOWARD ONLINE LEARNING WHILE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. English Journal, 16(1), 2022, pp.16-23.\r\n[2] Mota-Rojas, D., Marcet-Rius, M., Ogi, A., Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1valos, I., Mariti, C., Mart\u00ednez-Burnes, J., Mora-Medina, P., Casas, A., Dom\u00ednguez, A., Reyes, B. and Gazzano, A., Current advances in assessment of dog\u2019s emotions, facial expressions, and their use for clinical recognition of pain. Animals, 11(11), 2021, p.3334.\r\n[3] Mota-Rojas, D., Marcet-Rius, M., Ogi, A., Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1valos, I., Mariti, C., Mart\u00ednez-Burnes, J., Mora-Medina, P., Casas, A., Dom\u00ednguez, A., Reyes, B. and Gazzano, A., Current advances in assessment of dog\u2019s emotions, facial expressions, and their use for clinical recognition of pain. Animals, 11(11), 2021, p.3334.\r\n[4] ONCHI, E., SAAKES, D. and LEE, S.H., Emotional meaning of eyelid positions on a one-eyed 2D avatar. In International Symposium on Affective Science and Engineering ISASE2020 (pp. 1-4). Japan Society of Kansei Engineering, 2020.\r\n[5] Apreleva Kolomeytseva, A.T., Brylev, L., Eshghi, M., Bottaeva, Z., Zhang, J., Fachner, J.C. and Street, A.J., Home-Based Music Therapy to Support Bulbar and Respiratory Functions of Persons with Early and Mid-Stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis\u2014Protocol and Results from a Feasibility Study. Brain Sciences, 12(4), p.494, 2022.\r\n[6] Li, R., Chen, Y.V. and Zhang, L., Effect of music tempo on long-distance driving: which tempo is the most effective at reducing fatigue?. i-Perception, 10(4), p.2041669519861982, 2019.\r\n[7] Mattingly, V. and Kraiger, K., Can emotional intelligence be trained? A meta-analytical investigation. Human Resource Management Review, 29(2), 2019, pp.140-155.\r\n[8] Sharma, G., Singh, L. and Gautam, S., Automatic facial expression recognition using combined geometric features. 3D Research, 10(2), 2019, pp.1-9.\r\n[9] Liu, F., Xue, S., Wu, J., Zhou, C., Hu, W., Paris, C., Nepal, S., Yang, J. and Yu, P.S., Deep learning for community detection: progress, challenges and opportunities. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.08225, 2020.\r\n[10] Lee, L.H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., Kumar, A., Bermejo, C. and Hui, P., All one needs to know about metaverse: complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem, and research agenda. arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.05352, 2021.\r\n[11] Rahaman, A., Tasnim, S., Majumdar, M.S.H., Hossen, E. and Islam, M.R., A comprehensive study on excessive mobile phone use and preventive measures. International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science (IJMECS), 12(3), 2020, pp.33-39.\r\n[12] Kubik, R., Ryshkovets, Y., Hrendus, M., Khudyi, A., Vysotskyi, A., Hryhorovych, V. and Chyrun, S., Development of an Intelligent System for Selecting Songs According to the User Needs. In COLINS, 2020 (pp. 1251-1279).\r\n[13] Dung, C.J., Adakole, B.A., Gwani, E.M. and Yagwom, M.B., DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE CBT SOFTWARE FOR ASSESSMENT AND EXAMINATION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF JOS. BW Academic Journal, 1(1), 2022, pp.9-9.\r\n[14] James, H.I., Arnold, J.J.A., Ruban, J.M.M., Tamilarasan, M. and Saranya, R., Emotion based music recommendation system. Emotion, 6(3), 2019.\r\n[15] Khansama, R.R., Priyadarshini, R., Bisoyi, S.K., Mallick, P.K. and Barik, R.K., A hybrid face recognition scheme in a heterogenous and cluttered environment. In Cognitive Informatics and Soft Computing (pp. 1-13), 2021, Springer, Singapore.\r\n[16] Monica, S. and Roseline Mary, R., Face and Emotion Recognition from Real-Time Facial Expressions Using Deep Learning Algorithms. In Congress on Intelligent Systems (pp. 451-460), 2022, Springer, Singapore.\r\n[17] Correia-Caeiro, C., Burrows, A., Wilson, D.A., Abdelrahman, A. and Miyabe-Nishiwaki, T., CalliFACS: The common marmoset Facial Action Coding System. PloS one, 17(5), 2022, p.e0266442.\r\n[18] Ghule, V.R., Benke, A.B., Jadhav, S.S. and Joshi, S.A., Emotion based music player using facial recognition. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 5(2), 2017, pp.2188-2194.\r\n[19] Gilda, S., Zafar, H., Soni, C. and Waghurdekar, K., Smart music player integrating facial emotion recognition and music mood recommendation. In 2017 international conference on wireless communications, signal processing and networking (wispnet) 2017, March. (pp. 154-158). IEEE.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Danish Ali, Md. Tahmidul Huque, Jafreen Jafor Godhuli, Naeem Ahmed &#8220;Detection of Face Emotion and Music Recommendation System using Machine Learning&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.05-08 November 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71101<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/05-08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/detection-of-face-emotion-and-music-recommendation-system-using-machine-learning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Detection of Face Emotion and Music Recommendation System using Machine Learning<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1614f1d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1614f1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1615049 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1615049\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1615270\" data-id=\"1615270\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1615402 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16158b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16158b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16159a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16159a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1615b71\" data-id=\"1615b71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1615ce8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1615ce8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1615dc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1615dc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1615f8e\" data-id=\"1615f8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1616114 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1616114\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16161da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16161da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-161639b\" data-id=\"161639b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1616521 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1616521\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16165ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16165ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16167d0\" data-id=\"16167d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1616965 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1616965\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Ultrasonography of Lacrimal Gland involvement in systemic Sarcoidosis <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Hadi Khazaei. M.D., M.S., M.C.R., Danesh Khazaei, Kaneez Abbas, Davin Ashraf, John D Ng.- November 2022 Page No.: 09-12<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1616a32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1616a32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1616c2d\" data-id=\"1616c2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1616de4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1616de4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Lacrimal gland lesions generally present as palpable masses in the superolateral aspects of the orbits. Approximately 50% of lacrimal gland masses are inflammatory lesions, 25% are lymphoid lesions or lymphoma, and the other 25% are salivary gland type tumors. Although there are overlaps and exceptions, features such as laterality, portion of gland involvement, presence or absence of bony findings, enhancement pattern, and clinical presentation are valuable in differentiating among lacrimal gland lesions. The 3D ultrasound has been used to define lacrimal gland shape, size, density, structural features the pattern of blood supply, as well as the anatomic and topographic position in the orbit. The study was conducted in the B- and 3D-modes of ultrasonography with color and energy Doppler mapping on both sides.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 09-12\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 December 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71102\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71102<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hadi Khazaei. M.D., M.S., M.C.R.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Danesh Khazaei<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kaneez Abbas<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Davin Ashraf<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>John D Ng.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Prabhakaran VC, Saeed P, Esmaeli B, Sullivan TJ, McNab A, Davis G, Valenzuela A, Leibovitch I, Kesler A, Sivak-Callcott J, Hoyama E, Selva D. 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JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(7):770\u2013777. doi:10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.0726\r\n[21] Yiming Gao, Gul Moonis,Mary E. Cunnane,Ronald L. Eisenberg . Lacrimal Gland Masses. AJR:201, September 2013. DOI:10.2214\/AJR.12.9553\r\n[22] Hadi Khazaei, Danesh Khazaei, Rohan Verma, John Ng, Phillip A Wilmarth, Larry L David, et al. The potential of tear proteomics for diagnosis and management of orbital inflammatory disorders including Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy, Experimental Eye Research. 2021; 213:108813. ISSN 0014-4835, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108813.\r\n[23] Khazaei H, Khazaei D, Ashraf D, Mikkilineni S, Ng JD. Overview of Orbital Ultrasonography. Ann Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022; 5(1): 1028.\r\n[24] Khazaei H, Khazaei D, Brundage D, Mikkilineni S, Dailey RA. Facial Ultrasonography in acquired facial lipoatrophy. Inter J. Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI). 2021; 9:48-51.\r\n[25] Khazaei H, Khazaei D, Ashraf D, Mikkilineni S, Ng JD. Ultrasonographic Characteristics of the Facial Nerve in Patient with Bell\u2019s Palsy. Ann Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022; 5(1):1029.\r\n[26] Hadi Khazaei. M.D., M.S., M.C.R.*, Alireza Mobaseri. M.D, Danesh Khazaei, John D Ng. M.D, M.S, Dr. G. Seethapathy, MS, MRCS, FRCS Ed, FRCOphth, \u201cORBITAL Ultrasonography a diagnosis tool in early cellulitis\u201d International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 7, pp.127-130 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9711\r\n[27] Dr. Hadi M Khazaei, Dr. G Seethapathy,Time gain compensation in orbital ultrasonography,DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54660\/Ijmabhr.2022.3.3.22022; 3(3): 17-20\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hadi Khazaei. M.D., M.S., M.C.R.*, Danesh Khazaei, Kaneez Abbas, Davin Ashraf, John D Ng. &#8220;Ultrasonography of Lacrimal Gland involvement in systemic Sarcoidosis &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.09-12 November 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71102<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/09-12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/ultrasonography-of-lacrimal-gland-involvement-in-systemic-sarcoidosis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ultrasonography of Lacrimal Gland involvement in systemic Sarcoidosis <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16182a0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16182a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1619405 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1619405\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16194e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16194e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16196bb\" data-id=\"16196bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161984e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"161984e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1619913 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1619913\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1619af3\" data-id=\"1619af3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1619c7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1619c7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Hydrogeologic Survey Using Electrical Resistivity Method for Sustainable Water Supply Development in Parts of Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adigwe. Adanna Blessing, Nwosu, Leonard Ifeanyi, and Nwosu, Bright Obinna- November 2022 Page No.: 13-22<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1619d42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1619d42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1619f2a\" data-id=\"1619f2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161a0e0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"161a0e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Electrical resistivity method for evaluation of groundwater potential in the Owerri North was carried out based on aquifer transmissivity obtained using Dar Zarouk parameters and pumping test data. Twenty vertical electric soundings (VES) were carried out in this study. The field data were acquired using the Omega-500 resistivity meter and interpreted using Advanced Geoscience Incorporation (AGI) 1D resistivity inversion software. Five of the VES stations were sited near existing boreholes from which pumping test data were acquired. Transverse resistance and Longitudinal conductance were determined, which together with hydraulic conductivity derived from pumping test data enabled the estimation of aquifer transmissivity and its variation in the study area. The aquiferous layers are composed mainly of sands and sandstones. Resistivity values varied with depth and ranges from 0.10\u2126m to 1208.50\u2126m. The aquifer depth varied from 8.50m to 67.07m. The aquifer thickness varied across the study area from a value of 8.32m around ChukwumaNwoha to 199.42m measured at Agbala. Areas having high aquifer thickness also have corresponding high Transmissivity values and so have high groundwater potential. High transverse resistance above 10000\u2126 were observed in areas around Owaelu, while low values of 3100\u2126 and less were observed in areas such as Emekuku. Areas around VES 6, 11 and 15 are underlain by high Longitudinal conductance aquifer materials. Transmissivity values are fairly high and varied from 264m2\/day at Azaraegbelu to 276m2\/day at Shoprite Egbu. The study revealed that the study area has good prospect for sustainable groundwater supply.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 13-22\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 December 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adigwe. Adanna Blessing<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Physics University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwosu, Leonard Ifeanyi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Physics University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwosu, Bright Obinna<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geology University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ananaba, S.E., Onu, N.N. and Iwuagwu, C.J. (1993). Geophysical Study of the Gravel Deposits in Ihiagwa, Owerri, Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, 29, 95-100\r\n[2] Coker, J.O, Makinde., V. and Olowofela, J.A (2009). Geophysical Investigation of Groundwater Potentials of Oke-Badan Estate, Ibadan, Southwestern, Nigeria. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Science and National Development University of Agric. Abeokuta. 119.\r\n[3] Eke, K.T. and Igboekwe, M.U. (2011). Geoelectric investigation of groundwater in Ohiafia locality, Abia State, Nigeria.British Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology. 1(4), 190-203\r\n[4] Ekine, A. S. and Iheonunekwu, E.N. (2007). Geoelectric Survey for groundwater in Mbaitoli Local Government, Imo State of Nigeria. Scientia Africana, 6(1), 39-48\r\n[5] Horton, R.K. (1965). An index number system for rating water quality. Journal of water pollution and contamination, 37(3), 12-16\r\n[6] IWADA (2006). Imo Water Development Agency Documentary on Groundwater Resources Potential of Imo State Nigeria (Unpublished). 20-39\r\n[7] Joseph, C. (2012). Vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods to delineate potential groundwater aquifers in Akobo area, Ibadan, south-western, Nigeria.Journal of geology and mining research 4(2).\r\n[8] Layade, G.O., Adegoke, J. A and Oladewa, F.C. (2017).Hydrogeophysical investigation for groundwater development at Gbongudu area, AkoboOjurin, Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria.J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 21(3), 527-535\r\n[9] Logan.J. (1964): Estimating transmissivity from routine production tests of water wells. Groundwater, 2, 35-37.\r\n[10] Mbonu, D. C., Ebeniro, J.O., Ofoegbu, C.O. and Ekine, A. S. (1990). Geoelectrical sounding for determination of aquifer characteristics in Umuahia area of Nigeria. Geophysics, 56 (5), 284-291\r\n[11] Niwas, S., and Singhal, D.C. (1981). Estimation of Aquifer Transmissivity from Da-Zarrouk Parameters in Porous media.Journal of Hydrology. (50), 393-399\r\n[12] Nnamdi, J. A, Casmir, C.Z., Osita, C.O., and Queen, A.K. (2019). Evaluation of groundwater potential of Owerri west and environs, South-eastern Nigeria using Resistivity method. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention 2319-6734\r\n[13] Nwachukwu, M.A., Huan, Feng and Duke Ophori (2010). Groundwater Flow Model and Particle Track Analysis for Selecting Water Quality Monitoring Well Sites and Soil Sample Profile. Journal of spatial hydrology 10(1), 1- 14\r\n[14] Nwachukwu, M.A (2022). Environment, Society and Sustainability Bulletin, (unpublished). 1\r\n[15] Nwosu, L.I, Ekine, S.A. and Nwankwo, C.N. (2013). Geoelectric survey for mapping groundwater flow pattern in Okigwe district southeastern, Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology 3(3), 482-500\r\n[16] Nwosu, L.I. and Ndubueze, D. (2016). Geolectric investigation of water table variation with surface elevation for mapping drill depths for groundwater exploration in Owerri metropolis, Imo state Nigeria. Indian journal of applied research, 5(4),40-45\r\n[17] Okiongbo, K.S. and Akpofure E. (2012). Determination of aquifer properties and groundwater vulnerability mapping using geoelectric method in Yenogoa city and its Environs in Bayelsa State, south south Nigeria. Journal of water resource and protection, 4(6), 354-362\r\n[18] Onyeagocha, A.C. (1980). Petrography and Depositional Environment of the Benin Formation. Nigeria Journal of Mineral Geology, (17), 147-151\r\n[19] Oyedele, E.A. and Olayinka, A.I. (2012). Statistical evaluation of groundwater potential of Ado-Ekiti, southwest Nigeria. Transnational Journal of Science and Technology (2), 110-127.\r\n[20] Ruth, E. I. (2014). Electrical Resistivity survey for predicting aquifer at Onicha-Ugbo, Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics. 2(7)\r\n[21] Telford, E., Geldart, W.M., &amp; Sheriff, R.E (1990). Applied Geophysics. Cambridge University Press, UK\r\n[22] Thiem, G. (1906). Modern Hydrogeology. Leipzig: J.M. Geghardt. 56\r\n[23] Vingoe, P. (1972). Electrical Resistivity Survey, ABEM Geophysics and Electronics. Geophysical Memorandum, 5(72), 1-15\r\n[24] Zhody A.A.R., (1974): The auxiliary point method of electrical sounding interpretation and its relationship to Da Zarouk parameters. Geophysics, 30. 664 &#8211; 660.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adigwe. Adanna Blessing, Nwosu, Leonard Ifeanyi, and Nwosu, Bright Obinna, &#8220;Hydrogeologic Survey Using Electrical Resistivity Method for Sustainable Water Supply Development in Parts of Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.13-22 November 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/13-22.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/13-22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/hydrogeologic-survey-using-electrical-resistivity-method-for-sustainable-water-supply-development-in-parts-of-owerri-southeastern-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hydrogeologic Survey Using Electrical Resistivity Method for Sustainable Water Supply Development in Parts of Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161b457 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"161b457\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-161c884\" data-id=\"161c884\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161c9f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"161c9f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-161cacc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"161cacc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-161ccb3\" data-id=\"161ccb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161ce2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"161ce2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Deducing the Relaxation Times of Some Polar Solvents Using Cole-Cole Relaxation Model <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Musa N., Kalip A. and Udunenwu B.C.- November 2022 Page No.: 23-27<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-161cf0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"161cf0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-161d0ef\" data-id=\"161d0ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161d292 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"161d292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">A study of the relaxation times of some polar solvents was carried out using the Cole-Cole relaxation model. The solvents; Methanol, Ethanol, Butan-1-ol were studied. The study was carried out within a frequency range of 100kHz and 50MHz and a temperature range of 100C and 500C. The following relaxation times: 0.09273 ns, 0.04073 ns, 0.03138 ns, 0.02082 ns and 0.01439 ns for methanol; 0.9360 ns, 0.6132 ns, 0.4031 ns, 0.2713 ns and 0.1812 ns for ethanol and 0.2385 ns, 0.1931 ns, 0.1424 ns, 0.1059 ns and 0.0796 ns for butan-1-ol at 10OC, 20OC, 30OC, 40OC and 50OC respectively were deduced using the slopes of the graphs plotted from the derived equation. The linear fit of the plotted points converged at the origin. The R2 values for each solvent under investigation, fitted perfectly. This eliminates the need for elaborate experimental analysis. As the temperature increases, the relaxation time decreased. These results can be used in drug design and synthesis at radio wave frequency range.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 23-27\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 December 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Musa N.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Applied Physics, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kalip A.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Applied Physics, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Udunenwu B.C.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Applied Physics, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Agilent (2006). Basics of Measuring the Dielectric Properties. http:\/\/www3.imperial.ac.uk\/pls\/portallive\/docs\/1\/11949698.PDF\r\n[2] Behera, A.L., Sahoo, S.K., and Patil, S.V. (2010). Enhancement of Solubility; A pharmaceutical Overview. Der. Pharmacia Lett. 2(2): 310-318.\r\n[3] Craig, DQ. M. (1995). Dielectric Analysis of Pharmaceutical Systems, Taylor &amp; Francis. London.\r\n[4] Crossley, J. (2012). Dielectric relaxation and hydrogen bonding in liquids. Advances in molecular relaxation processes, 2(1): 69-99.\r\n[5] Das Gupta , D. K. and Scarpa, P. C. N. (1999).\u201cModeling of Dielectric Relaxation Spectra of Polymers in the Condensed Phase,\u201dIEEE Electr. Insul. Mag., Vol. 15, 23\u201332,\r\n[6] Day, K and Underwood, P (2013). Dielectric relaxation in solvents. Advances in molecular relaxation processes, 2(2): 72-90\r\n[7] Frohlich, H., (2018). Theory of dielectrics, Oxford University Press, Oxford.\r\n[8] Gregory, A.P. and Clarke, R.N. (2012). Tables of complex permittivity of dielectric reference liquids at frequencies up to 5 GHz. NPL Report MAT 23.\r\n[9] Ikyumbur, T.J.(2019). Analysis of the behaviour of the dielectric properties of ethanol used by pharmaceutical industries in Cole-Cole and Debye relaxation models.A paper presented at the Nigerian Institute of Physics conference 2019 Owerri, Nigeria.\r\n[10] Musa, N, Onimisi, M.Y and Ikyumbur, J.T. (2020). Frequency and temperature dependence of ethanol using the Cole-Cole relaxation model. American Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 10(2): 44-49. DOI: 10.5923\/j.ajcmp.2020100203.03\r\n[11] Satyendra, P.S. (2018). An Analysis of Dielectric parameters and penetration depth of tomato sauces. J. Food Process Technol 9(7) ISSN: 2157-7110.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Musa N., Kalip A. and Udunenwu B.C., &#8220;Deducing the Relaxation Times of Some Polar Solvents Using Cole-Cole Relaxation Model &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.23-27 November 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/23-27.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/23-27.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/deducing-the-relaxation-times-of-some-polar-solvents-using-cole-cole-relaxation-model\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deducing the Relaxation Times of Some Polar Solvents Using Cole-Cole Relaxation Model <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161e6a5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"161e6a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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data-id=\"161f090\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-161f26b\" data-id=\"161f26b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161f3e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"161f3e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-161f4a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"161f4a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-161f687\" data-id=\"161f687\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161f800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"161f800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-161f8f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"161f8f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-161fafc\" data-id=\"161fafc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161fc7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"161fc7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-161fd58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"161fd58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-161ff4e\" data-id=\"161ff4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16200d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16200d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Construction of A Remote Home Automation and Security System Using Raspberry PI<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Samson Dauda Yusuf, Chima Oji, Abdulmumini Zubairu Loko, Alhassan Tijani- November 2022 Page No.: 28-33<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16201b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16201b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16203b6\" data-id=\"16203b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16205ba elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16205ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The needs for automation in home and offices have been so paramount in this era. Also, the subject of insecurity has become a big challenge in our society especially in Nigeria. In this study, construction and implementation of a home automation system was carried out based on Raspberry Pi. The system is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture and sensor network. The Software for the system was written using Python programming language while the Smartphone mobile application was developed using Flutter Dart programming language. Result shows that, the Raspberry Pi which is the main controller reads sensor values like temperature, humidity, and motion from the sensors which includes Passive Infra-Red (PIR), Temperature and Humidity sensor which it publishes to the external clients (Smartphone Application) using Message queue telemetry (MQTT). Message commands for controlling devices and sensor data are exchanged between the system and external clients once a connection is established. If the System is scanned and motion is detected, an alarm is sounded.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 28-33\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 December 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samson Dauda Yusuf <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chima Oji<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdulmumini Zubairu Loko<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alhassan Tijani<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Works, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Mohammad SA, Mohd AA. Review of Security System for Smart Home Applications. Journal of Computer Science 8 2012;7(1):1165-1170.\r\n[2] Hamed B. Design and Implementation of Smart House Control Using LabVIEW. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) 2012;1(1):57 &#8211; 61.\r\n[3] Henkemans B, Olivier A, Laurence L, Adrie D. Aging in Place: Self-Care in Smart Home Environments, Smart Home Systems. INTECH Open Access Publisher London; 2010, 105-120.\r\n[4] Nandha DSM, Kumar KGA, Raj PM, Anand S. IoT Based Home Automation and Security System using Raspberry PI. International Journal of Advanced Research in Basic Engineering Sciences and Technology (IJARBEST) 2017;3(1):567 &#8211; 588.\r\n[5] Narayana R, Vazram B, Swathi Y. Automated Home Security Surveillance using Raspberry Pi. South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology 2016;2(1):6 \u2013 12.\r\n[6] Richardson M, Wallace M. Getting started with Raspberry Pi (1st Ed.). O\u2019Reilly Media Inc. United States of American; 2012, 1-6.\r\n[7] Tan KK, Lee TH, Soh CY. Internet-based monitoring of distributed control system \u2013 An undergraduate experiment. IEEE Transactions on Education 2002;45(1):128-134.\r\n[8] Meihua X, Yu F, Fangjie Z, Qian Z. A Remote Medical Monitoring System Based on GSM Network. IET International Conference on Wireless Mobile Computing Shanghai 2009;381-384.\r\n[9] Asadullah M, Raza A. An overview of home automation systems. In 2016 2nd International Conference on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (ICRAI). IEEE 2016;27-31. DOI: 10.1109\/ICRAI.2016.7791223.\r\n[10] Liang N, Fu L, Wu C. An Integrated, Flexible, and Internet-based control architecture for home automation system in the internet era. In proceedings ICRA \u201902. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. 2002;2(1):1101 \u2013 1106.\r\n[11] Conte G, Scaradozzi D. Viewing home automation systems as multiple agents\u2019 systems. Multi-Agent System for Industrial and Service Robotics Applications. RoboCUP2003. 2003:3(1):1023 \u2013 1026.\r\n[12] Potamitis I, Georgila K, Fakotakis N, Kokkinakis G. An integrated system for smart-home control of appliances based on remote speech interaction. 8th EUROSPEECH 2003, Geneva, Switzerland. 2003:2197-2200.\r\n[13] Anamul Haque SM, Kamruzzaman SM, Ashraful II. (2006). A System for Smart-Home Control of Appliances Based on Timer and Speech International. In proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering &amp; 2nd annual Paper Meet 26-28. 2006:128-131.\r\n[14] Jawarkar NP, Ahmed V, Ladhake SA, Thakare RD. (2008). Microcontroller Based Remote Monitoring Using Mobile Through Spoken Commands. Journal of Networks. 2008;3(1):58-63.\r\n[15] Murthy M. Mobile Based Primary Health Care System for Rural India. W3C Workshop on Role of Mobile Technologies in Fostering Social Development. Jun 2008.\r\n[16] Alheraish A. Design and Implementation of Home Automation System. IEEE Transaction on Consumer Electronics 2004;50(1):1087 \u2013 1092.\r\n[17] Bhaskar PR, Uma SK. Raspberry Pi Home Automation with Wireless Sensors using smart phones. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 2015;4(1):797-803.\r\n[18] Das SR, Chita S, Peterson N, Shirazi BA, Bhadkamkar M. Home automation and security for mobile devices. IEEE PERCOM Workshops 2011;141-146.\r\n[19] Malik S, Hayat K, Aihab K, Erum S. SMS Based Wireless Home Appliance Control System (HACS) for Automating Appliances and Security. Issue in Information Science and Information Technology 2007;6(1):622-625.\r\n[20] Patel MM, Jajaj MA, Vataliya DB. Home Automation using Raspberry Pi. International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering 2015;2(3):1838 \u2013 1843.\r\n[21] Delgado AR, Picking R, Grout V. Remote-controlled home automation systems with different network technologies. Proceedings of the 6th International Network Conference (INC 2006), University of Plymouth 2006;357-366.\r\n[22] Javcile D, Moshin M, Nandanwar S, Shingate M. Home automation and security system using Android ADK. International Journal of electronics communication and computer technology (IJECCT) 2013;3(2):382 \u2013 385.\r\n[23] Bepay B, Baral S, Khashkel A, Hossain F. Advanced home automation system using Raspberry PI and Arduino. International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE) 2019;8(2):1 \u2013 10.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Samson Dauda Yusuf, Chima Oji, Abdulmumini Zubairu Loko, Alhassan Tijani &#8220;Construction of A Remote Home Automation and Security System Using Raspberry PI&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.28-33 November 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/28-33.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1622bea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1622bea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1622e09\" data-id=\"1622e09\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1622f83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1622f83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162305a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162305a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162323b\" data-id=\"162323b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16233b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16233b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activities and Gas Chromatography Profile of the n-Hexane extract of <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum<\/i> \u201cFenugreek\u201d Seed Oil <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Edah Oba Alexander, Awode Udukhomo Anthony, Azike Ruth, Jidimma Joel Augustine- November 2022 Page No.: 34-42<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162348f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162348f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1623684\" data-id=\"1623684\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1623836 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1623836\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">To evaluate the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activity, and GC profile of the seed oil extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum. In the present research, solvent extraction by maceration was performed by using 95% n-Hexane. Phytochemical analysis of the n-Hexane extract was carried out. Phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, balsam, and phenols were negative, while saponins, resins, terpenes, steroids and cardiac glycosides were positive. The Antimicrobial potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed oil extract was determined using the agar well diffusion method by the zone of inhibition on nutrient agar. MIC and MBC tests were performed to determine the relative antimicrobial properties of the extract. GC profile was also carried out to determine the constituents in the oil extracts. For the agar, well diffusion method of antimicrobial activity screening, all the concentrations of Trigonella foenum-graecum showed negative results in all the bacteria except for Bacillus subtilis. The extract is highly selective in terms of antimicrobial potency; the isolation of the active component(s) may present more insight. For the GC profile, 11 peaks were recorded.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 34-42\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 December 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Edah Oba Alexander<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos. Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Awode Udukhomo Anthony<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, University of Jos, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Azike Ruth<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, University of Jos, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jidimma Joel Augustine<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, University of Jos, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdel-massih R, Abdou E, Baydoun E, Daoud Z. Antibacterial Activity of the Extracts Obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum majorana, and Trigonella foenum-graecum on Highly Drug-Resistant Gram Negative Bacilli. 2010;3(80):52-9.\r\n[2] Betty, R.I., 2008. The healing virtues of fenugreek. Spice India\r\n[3] Bhalodia NR, Nariya PB, Shukla VJ (2011). Antibacterial and antifungal activity from flower extract of Cassia Fistula L.: An Ethnomedicinal Plant. Intern J Pharm Tech Res, 3, 160-8.\r\n[4] Birjees Bukhari S, Iqbal Bhanger M, Memon S. Antioxidative Activity of Extracts from Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) [Internet]. Vol. 9, J. Anal. Environ. Chem. 2008 [cited 2019 May 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.doc-developpement-durable.org\/file\/Culture- epices\/Fenugrec\/Antioxidative Activity of Extracts from Fenugreek Seeds.pdf. Cam AJT, Traditional AJ. Extract In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats And Its Use in Diabetes Mellitus. 2009; 6:255\u20136.\r\n[5] Carbohydrates &#8211; The Molisch Test [Internet]. 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BMC Complement Altern Med. 9: 30.\r\n[10] Khanra R. 2010 IRJP 1 (1).;1(1):181\u20133.\r\n[11] Krishnaiah D, Sarbatly R, Bono A (2007) Phytochemical antioxidants for health and medicine: A move towards nature. Biotechnol Mol Biol Rev 1: 97-104.\r\n[12] Kumar A S, Reddy T S (2012). Importance of traditional system\r\n[13] Lina A Naser Al-Timimi 3776 Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol 20 of medicine- A review. Int J Phyto Ther, 2, 1\u20136.\r\n[14] Kyung K.S, Gon J H, Geun K Y, Sup J J, Suk W J, Ho K J (2006). 6-Shogaol, a natural product, reduces cell death and restores motor function in rat spinal cord injury. Eur J Neurosci, 24, 1042-52.\r\n[15] Li B, Webster T J (2018). Bacteria antibiotic resistance: new challenges and opportunities for implant-associated orthopaedicinfections. J Orthop Res, 36, 22\u201332.\r\n[16] Malherbe CJ, De Beer D, Joubert E. (2012) Development of on-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-biochemical detection methods as tools in the identification of bioactives. Int J Mol Sci; 13: 3101-33.\r\n[17] Manpreet Kaur. Anthraquinones Glycosides (3 Chemical Tests) [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 15]. Available from: http:\/\/www.yourarticlelibrary.com\/pharmacognosy\/photochemical- screening\/anthraquinones-glycosides-3-chemical-tests\/49436.\r\n[18] Manpreet Kaur. Tannins: Classification, Properties and Chemical Tests [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 15]. Available from: http:\/\/www.yourarticlelibrary.com\/pharmacognosy\/tannins\/tannins- classification-properties-and-chemical tests\/49892.\r\n[19] Mateen A, Ahmed P, Ahmed M, Uddin A, Shamshul A, Janardhan K. PHCOG J A Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinally Important Herbal Single Drugs Extracted in Ethanol, Methanol and Aqueous Solvents. 2010;2(10):351\u20136.\r\n[20] Moniruzzaman, Shahinuzzaman, Ahsanul H., Rahima K. and Zahira Y. (2015). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil from Trigonella foenum-graecum. Asian pacific journal of tropiocal biomedicine. 5 (12) 1033-1036.\r\n[21] Muhson I, Al A. Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Fenugreek Seeds Extract. 2014;6(4).\r\n[22] Nandagopal S, Dhanalakshmi DP, Ganesh Kumar A, et al. Phytochemical and Antibacterial studies of Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum L.-A Multipurpose Medicinal Plant. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2012;5(1):413\u2013415.\r\n[23] Newman, D.J. and Cragg, G.M. 2007. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J. Nat. Prod. 70: 461-477.\r\n[24] Nostro A, German\u00f2 MP, D&#8217;angelo V, Marino A, CannatelliMA (2000) Extraction methods and bioautography for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity. Lett Appl Microbiol 30: 379-384.\r\n[25] Rai M, Acharya D, Wadegaonkar P .2003. Plant derived-antimycotics; potential of Asteraceous plants. Plant-derived antimycotics. Current trends and future prospects. HartworthPress. NY; . p. 165-95.\r\n[26] Rashmi Yadav, Richa Tiwari, Partha Chowdhary and Chandan Kumar Pradhan. 2011. A pharmacognostical monograph of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. Int. J. Pharm Pharm Sci. 3(5): 442-445.\r\n[27] Seasotiya L, Siwach P, Bai S, Malik A, Bharti P. Free Radical Scavenging Activity, Phenolic Contents and Phytochemical Analysis of Seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum. 2014;1(3):219\u201326.\r\n[28] Shreekant B. Malvadkar, &#8230; Gilbert V. McGurl, in Encyclopedia of Energy, 2004.\r\n[29] Singh P, Vishwakarma SP, Singh RL. Antioxidant, oxidative DNA damage protective and antimicrobial activities of the plant Trigonella foenum-graecum. 2014;1(3):25-8.\r\n[30] Sumayya, A.R., Sivagami Srinivasan and Nabeelah Amatullah. 2012. Screening and biochemical quantification of phytochemicals in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). RJPBCS. 3(1): 165- 169.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Edah Oba Alexander, Awode Udukhomo Anthony, Azike Ruth, Jidimma Joel Augustine, &#8220;Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activities and Gas Chromatography Profile of the n-Hexane extract of <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum<\/i> \u201cFenugreek\u201d Seed Oil &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.34-42 November 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/34-42.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/34-42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/phytochemical-screening-antimicrobial-activities-and-gas-chromatography-profile-of-the-n-hexane-extract-of-trigonella-foenum-graecum-fenugreek-seed-oil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activities and Gas Chromatography Profile of the n-Hexane extract of <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum<\/i> \u201cFenugreek\u201d Seed Oil <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1624bc3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1624bc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16255b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16255b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1625799\" data-id=\"1625799\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1625910 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1625d2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1625d2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1625df1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1625df1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1625fec\" data-id=\"1625fec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162616a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162616a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162622e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162622e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1626426\" data-id=\"1626426\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16265a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16265a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>2.2 Ghz S-Band Helical Antenna Design for Earth Surveillance LAPAN-TUBSAT Data Acquisition in Indonesia Regional Security <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Unggul Satrio Yudhotomo, Selfira Salsabilla, Khaerudin, Timbul Siahaan- November 2022 Page No.: 43-49<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1626666 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1626666\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162685a\" data-id=\"162685a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16269e4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16269e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">It is necessary to have an LAPAN-TUBSAT (Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional\/ National Institute of Aeronautics and Space) (Technische University of Berlin Satellite) satellite data receiving system that is low cost and can be placed in various parts of Indonesia. This system will later spear head the data receiver and this meets all areas detected by the earth surveillance method in real time and can be recorded at the Earth Station. By using a helical antenna that is engineered independently with the rules of the S band at 2.22 GHz, it will be able to control the Indonesian region. The construction of this receiving antenna uses a helical antenna, a receiver antenna system that combines helix asa feed horn on a parabolic antenna is designed to be able to work at a center frequency of 2,220 MHz, a bandwidth of 27 MHz, LHCP polarization, and a minimum gain of 10 dB. With a Parabolic shaped reflection antenna with Prime Focus. With motor antenna is a full motion antenna with a perstep movement of 0.25 degrees on Azimuth and elevation. The Design will be acquisition the data from satellite, and with the helical antenna. The Helical that by requirement of the 2,22 GHz design. With the LHCP (Left Hand Circular Polarization) and with the a bandwidth of 27 MHz. for the antenna parabola as a catcher of signal from satellite we use type of Primefocus wichis the point focal in the central face of parabola and we will put feed Horn that include inside is the Helical feed antenna. Antenna have a spesification Movement is 0,25 degrees per second With the successful engineering of the development of Helical antenna, it can also later apply it to various other satellites with adjustments to the dimensions of the antenna only and the receiving system.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 43-49\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 December 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71103\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71103<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Unggul Satrio Yudhotomo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFakultas Teknologi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Selfira Salsabilla<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFakultas Manajemen Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Khaerudin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFakultas Teknologi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Timbul Siahaan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFakultas Teknologi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] The Government of Indonesia, Constitution of Indonesia 1945, Jakarta.\r\n[2] The Government of Indonesia, LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 16 OF 2012 CONCERNING THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY.\r\n[3] Jagdish,,M. Rathod, Design of Helical feed For Parabolic Reflector Antennas at 2,45 GHz.\r\n[4] ARRL, ARRL UHF\/Microwafe Handbook, American Radio Relay League, Newington, Connecticut, 2000.\r\n[5] Kraus, J.D. Antennas : for all applications, third edition, mcgraw-hill,2022\r\n[6] Paul Wade, Helical Feed Antennas W1GHZ, 2002\r\n[7] Paul Wade, Parabolic Antennas, 1998\r\n[8] Paul Wade, offset focal parabolic Dish Antennas, 1998\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Unggul Satrio Yudhotomo, Selfira Salsabilla, Khaerudin, Timbul Siahaan, &#8220;2.2 Ghz S-Band Helical Antenna Design for Earth Surveillance LAPAN-TUBSAT Data Acquisition in Indonesia Regional Security &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.43-49 November 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71103<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/43-49.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/2-2-ghz-s-band-helical-antenna-design-for-earth-surveillance-lapan-tubsat-data-acquisition-in-indonesia-regional-security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.2 Ghz S-Band Helical Antenna Design for Earth Surveillance LAPAN-TUBSAT Data Acquisition in Indonesia Regional Security <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1627d45 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1627d45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1627e7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1627e7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162808a\" data-id=\"162808a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162822b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162822b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16282fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16282fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16284da\" data-id=\"16284da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162869a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162869a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162876a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162876a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162893a\" data-id=\"162893a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1628ac0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1628ac0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1628b88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1628b88\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1628d4f\" data-id=\"1628d4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1628ed8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1628ed8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1628f9c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1628f9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1629164\" data-id=\"1629164\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16292ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16292ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16293b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16293b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16295aa\" data-id=\"16295aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1629731 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1629731\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Aqueous Extract of Date Fruit (<i>Phoenix Dactylifera<\/i>) Has Hepatocurative Effect on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Toxicity in Rats <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Misbahu Sambo, Abdulqadir Yunusa, Usman Yunusa, Abdullahi Garba Jakwa, Isah Labaran and Abubakar Bawa- November 2022 Page No.: 50-53<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16297f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16297f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16299ef\" data-id=\"16299ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1629b8c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1629b8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Liver disease account for a reasonable percentage of medical admissions, and the synthetic drugs used for the treatment of the disease are sometimes ineffective and\/or very expensive. Furthermore, the side effects associated with some of them are numerous. These and many other reasons shifted the interest of scientists for the search of plants with hepatocurative effect. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the curative effect of aqueous extract of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) on rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. The serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DB) and total bilirubin (TB) were measured as markers of liver disease using standard methods, and compared among group I (Negative control), group II (Positive control), group III (Fed with food + 249mg\/kg of extract), group IV (Fed with food + 580mg\/kg of extract), group V (hepatotoxic rats treated with 249mg\/kg of extract) and group VI (hepatotoxic rats treated with 580mg\/kg of extract). The results showed that administration of the various concentration of the extract to healthy rats does not cause any harm to the liver. Also, the different concentrations of the extract significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced the level of ALT, AST, ALP, DB and TB in treated groups (group IV and V) compared to group II. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of date fruit may have hepatocurative effect against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. This research may open the \u201cgate\u201d for the use of date fruit in treating liver disease in human, especially in places such as Northern Nigeria, where date fruit is cheaply abundant.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 50-53\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 December 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71104<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Misbahu Sambo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.\r\nMolecular Genetics and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Selfira Salsabilla<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFakultas Manajemen Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdulqadir Yunusa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Usman Yunusa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBiochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdullahi Garba Jakwa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isah Labaran<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar Bawa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Kerry, H. C. and Janice, L. H. (2013). \u201cBrunner Text book of medical-surgical nursing\u201d. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.\r\n[2] Ham, A. A. (1974) \u201cA text book of Histology\u201d 7th edition. JB Lippincot company,Philadelphia and Toronto.Pp 686.\r\n[3] Cotran, R. S., Kumar, V., Fausto, N., Nelson, F., Robbins, S. L., Abbas, A. K. (2005). \u201cRobbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease\u201d (7th ed.) St. Louis, M O: Elsevier Saunders. P878.\r\n[4] Nelson, D. L. and Cox, M. M. (2005). \u201cLehninger Principle of Biochemistry\u201d. Fourth edition. W H Freeman and company, New York.\r\n[5] Nwokediuko, S. C., Osuala, P. C., Uduma, U. V., Alaneme, A. K., Onwuka, C. C. and Mesigo, C. (2013) \u201cPattern of liver disease admission in Nigerian tertiary hospital\u201d. Nijer J Clin Pract 2013; 16:339-42.\r\n[6] Nuhu, H. (2001). \u201cPharmacognosy in A.B.U\u201d Graphic media production. Zaria.\r\n[7] Al-qarawi, A. A., Mousa, H. M., Ali, B. H., Abdel-Rahman. H. and Almagy, S. (2004) \u201cProtective effect of extracts from dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats\u201d. International Journal of App\/Rev Veterinary Medicine .Vol. 2, No. 3.\r\n[8] El Hadrami, A., Daayf, F. and El Hadrami, I (2011). \u201cSecondary metabolites of date palm\u201d In: Jain, S. M., Alkhayri, J. M. and Johnson, D. V.\r\n[9] Mohammed, D, A. and Al-okbi, S. Y. (2004) \u201cInvivo evaluation of antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity of different extracts of date fruit in adjuvant arthritis\u201d. Polish Journal of food and Nutrition Sciences.Vol.13154, No 4.Pp 397-402.\r\n[10] Agbon, A. N., Kwanashie, H. O. and Hamman, W. O (2013) \u201cEvaluation of antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous fruit extract of Phoenix dactyliferaL . on the histology of the small intestine of wister rats\u201d. British Journal of pharmacology and toxicology. 4(3): 121-127.\r\n[11] Alhassan, A. J., Sule, M .S., Hassan. J. A., Baba, B. A. and Aliyu, M. D. (2009) \u201cIdeal hepatotoxicity model in rats using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)\u201d.Bayero Journal of pure and applied sciences, 2(2) :185-187.\r\n[12] Recknegel, R. O and Glende, E. A. (1973) \u201cCCl4 hepatotoxicity: an example of lethal cleavage\u201d. CRC critical review toxicology, 2:263-297.\r\n[13] Keith, G. T. and Robert, R. E. J. (2001). \u201cLiver function In: Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry\u201d. 5th edition. W.B Saunders company. Pp 747-70.\r\n[14] Nduka, N. (1999) \u201cClinical Biochemistry for students of pathology\u201d Longman Nigeria Plc\r\n[15] Venukumar, M. R and Latha, M. S (2002). \u201cHepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of Curculigo orchioides in CCl4-treat male rats\u201d. Internationa Journal of Pharmacol. 34:269-75.\r\n[16] Etuk, E. U., Agaie, B.M., Ladan, M. J. and Garba, I. (2009). \u201cThe modulatory effect of Cochspermum tinctoriuma rich aqueus root extract on liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats\u201d. African Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.Vol 3 (4). Pp 151-157.\r\n[17] Alshoaibi, Z., Amamary, M. A., Al-Habori, M. A., Al Zubair, A. S. and Abdelwahab, S. I (2012) \u201cInvivo antioxidant and hepatocurative effect of palm date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera)\u201d. International Journal of pharmacology, 8 : 185-191.\r\n[18] Faqir, M. A., Sardar, I. B., Ahmad, H. E., Muhammad, I. K. and Muhammad, S. A. (2012). \u201cPhytochemical characteristics of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit extracts\u201d. Pakistan Journal of Food Science. 22(3):117-127.\r\n[19] Pietta, P, G. (2000) \u201cFlavonoids as antioxidants\u201d. J Nat Prod. 63(7):1035-42.\r\n[20] Halliwell, B. (1994). \u201cFree radicals and antioxidants:A personal view\u201d Nutr. Res.52:253 &#8211; 265.\r\n[21] Gazzani, G., Papetti, A. and Massolini, G. (1998) \u201cAnti-and prooxidant activity of water soluble components of some common diet vegetables and the effect of thermal treatment\u201d. Journal of Agric. And Food chemistry.46:4118 &#8211; 4122\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Misbahu Sambo, Abdulqadir Yunusa, Usman Yunusa, Abdullahi Garba Jakwa, Isah Labaran and Abubakar Bawa, &#8220;Aqueous Extract of Date Fruit (<i>Phoenix Dactylifera<\/i>) Has Hepatocurative Effect on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Toxicity in Rats &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.50-53 November 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71104\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/50-53.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/aqueous-extract-of-date-fruit-phoenix-dactylifera-has-hepatocurative-effect-on-carbon-tetrachloride-induced-toxicity-in-rats\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aqueous Extract of Date Fruit (<i>Phoenix Dactylifera<\/i>) Has Hepatocurative Effect on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Toxicity in Rats <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162afc1 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162bf5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162bf5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162c14d\" data-id=\"162c14d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162c2ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162c2ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162c38f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162c38f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162c574\" data-id=\"162c574\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162c6f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162c6f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162cc29 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162cc29\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162ce21\" data-id=\"162ce21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162cfbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162cfbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact Assessment of Indigenous Chickens Production Interventions in the Semi-arid Regions of Zimbabwe: Case of Chivi District <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mudavanhu Tsikai, Ignatius Govere and Kainos Manyeruke- November 2022 Page No.: 54-63<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162d09d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162d09d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162d291\" data-id=\"162d291\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162d43c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"162d43c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Most communal farmers in Chivi district of Zimbabwe rear indigenous chickens. However, the impact of interventions by government and non-government partners remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to assess impact of indigenous chicken production in semi-arid areas with a focus on Chivi district. The research focused on indigenous chickens as the enterprise has the potential to increase rural population income and in turn improve the nutrition for the rural population. A total of 160 indigenous chicken farmers were sampled from a population of 1240 who received past interventions in trainings, feed and chicks or pullets from development partners and government using a survey questionnaire. Variables such as age, farmer experience, education, type of dwelling, maize, cattle, goats, supplementary feed, type of housing, resting of fowl run, vaccinations and type of hatching method were found to be significantly affecting sales rate. Indigenous chicken production was found to be weakly profitable as a positive gross margin was obtained. The study also revealed that value chain actors in indigenous chicken production had no processors. It was concluded that though indigenous chicken production was profitable, the above stated factors affect impact of indigenous chickens. The value chain map had no processors. Capacitating farmers on poultry management and availing credit to finance production and marketing players is important to improve indigenous chickens among smallholder farmers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 54-63\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 November 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71105\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71105<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mudavanhu Tsikai<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasvingo Agritex, P Bag 354 Masvingo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ignatius Govere<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasvingo Agritex, P Bag 354 Masvingo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kainos Manyeruke<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasvingo Agritex, P Bag 354 Masvingo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Counties, K., K, C. N., Kabuage, L. W., &amp; Bett, E. K. (2017). Economic analysis of indigenous chicken production: The case of smallholder farmers in Makueni and, 5(5), 564\u2013570.\r\n[2] Greenbiz. (2016). 5 reasons CR professionals need a value chain map _ GreenBiz.\r\n[3] Kingori, A. M., Wachira, A. M., &amp; Tuitoek, J. K. (2010). Indigenous Chicken Production in Kenya: A Review, 9(4), 309\u2013316.\r\n[4] Maumburudze, D., Mutambara, J., Mugabe, P., &amp; Manyumwa, H. (2016). Prospects for commercialization of indigenous chickens in Makoni District, Zimbabwe. Livestock Research for Rural Development.\r\n[5] Meinzen-dick, R., Biermayr-jenzano, P., &amp; Wilde, V. (2010). Engendering Agricultural Research, (May).\r\n[6] Mukaratirwa, S., &amp; Hove, T. (2009). A survey of ectoparasites, cestodes and management of free-range indigenous chickens in rural Zimbabwe, 80, 188\u2013191.\r\n[7] Omondi, S. O. (2016). Economic analysis of small-scale poultry production in Kenyan medium-sized cities of Kisumu and Thika.\r\n[8] Padhi, M. K. (2016). Importance of Indigenous Breeds of Chicken for Rural Economy and Their Improvements for Higher Production Performance. Scientifica. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/2604685\r\n[9] Adeniyi, O. &amp;Aguntunji. (2011). A socio-economic survey of cultural practices and management of village poultry production in Ondo area, Nigeria.\r\n[10] Agwu, A. E. (2015). Adoption of improved agricultural technologies disseminated via radio farmer programme by farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria, (May 2008).\r\n[11] Bembridge TJ (1984). A Systems Approach Study of Agricultural development problems in Transkei. PhD Thesis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.\r\n[12] Beshir, H., Emana, B., Kassa, B., &amp; Haji, J. (2012). Determinants of chemical fertilizer technology adoption in North eastern highlands of Ethiopia: the double hurdle approach, 1(August), 39\u201349.\r\n[13] Dlova MR, Fraser GCG, Belete A (2004). Factors affecting the success of farmers in the Hertzog Agricultural Cooperative in the central Eastern Cape (South Africa). Fort Hare 13:21-33.\r\n[14] Dube, S., Zindi, P., Mbanga, J. &amp; Dube, C., 2010. (2010). Study of Scavenging Poultry Gastrointestinal and Ecto-parasites in Rural Areas of Matebeleland Province, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Poultry Science 9 (9), 911\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/ijps.2010.911.915\r\n[15] Jaleta, M., Gebremedhin, B., &amp; Hoekstra, D. (2012). Smallholder commercialization: Processes, determinants and impact Smallholder commercialization: Processes, determinants and impact, (18).\r\n[16] Kugonza, D. R., Kyarisiima, C. C., &amp; Iisa, A. (2008). Indigenous chicken flocks of Eastern Uganda: I. Productivity, management and strategies for better performance, 20(9).\r\n[17] Kusina, J., Kusina, N. T., &amp; Mhlanga, J. (1999). A Survey on Village Chicken Losses: Causes and Solutions as Perceived by Farmers. Proceedings of SADC Planning Workshop on Newcastle Disease Control in Village Chickens, Maputo, Mozambique, 6-9 March 2000, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Canberra Proceedings 103, 148\u2013155. Retrieved from http:\/\/aciar.gov.au\/files\/node\/2131\/pr103chapter30.pdf\r\n[18] Mapiye, C., Mwale, M., Mupangwa, J. F., Chimonyo, M., Foti, R., &amp; Mutenje, M. J. (2008). A research review of village chicken production constraints and opportunities in Zimbabwe. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 21(11), 1680\u20131688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/ajas.2008.r.07\r\n[19] Mlambo, T., Mbiriri, D., Mutibvu, T., &amp; Kashangura, M. T. (2011). Village chicken production systems in Zhombe communal area of Zimbabwe, (July).\r\n[20] Nandi, R., &amp; Gowdru, N. V. (2017). Factors Influencing Smallholder Farmers in Supplying Organic Fruits and Vegetables to Supermarket Supply Chains in Karnataka, India: A Transaction Cost Approach. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0973005216689319\r\n[21] Petronella, N. (2013). Factors Influencing Indigenous Poultry by a Research Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of Master of Arts in Project Planning and.\r\n[22] Siyaya, B. J. J., &amp; Masuku, M. B. (2013). Factors Affecting Commercialisation of Indigenous Chickens in Swaziland. Journal of Agricultural Studies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5296\/jas.v1i2.4016\r\n[23] Tarwireyi, L., &amp; Fanadzo, M. (2013). Production of indigenous chickens for household food security in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A situation analysis, 8(46), 5832\u20135840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5897\/AJAR11.1786\r\n[24] Yusuf, S. F. G. (2014). Towards the Modeling of Indigenous Poultry Production in the Eastern, 1\u2013194.\r\n[25] Maoba, S. (2016). Production performance and profitability analysis of small-scale layer projects supported through CASP in Germiston Region, Gauteng Province.\r\n[26] Nyamadzawo, G., Wuta, M., Nyamangara, J., &amp; Gumbo, D. (2013). Opportunities for optimization of in-field water harvesting to cope with changing climate in semi-arid smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe. SpringerPlus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2193-1801-2-100 194.\r\n[27] Sans, P., &amp; Combris, P. (2016). World meat consumption patterns: An overview of the last fifty years (1961 \u2013 2011) To cite this version: HAL Id: hal-01281132.\r\n[28] FAO. (2010a). Smallholder poultry production \u2013 livelihoods, food security and sociocultural significance.\r\n[29] Al-qamashoui, B. (2014). Towards Conservation of Omani Local Chicken: Management, Performance and Genetic Diversity. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences (Vol. 27).\r\n[30] Bwalya, R., &amp; Kalinda, T. (2014). An Analysis of the Value Chain for Indigenous Chickens in\r\n[31] Chisango T, Future, F. (2017). Unlocking the Value of Indigenous Chickens Through Establishing FAO. (2003). TRADE REFORMS AND FOOD SECURITY.\r\n[32] FAO, 2010b. (2010b). Poultry as a tool in human development: historical perspective, main actors and priorities.\r\n[33] Kyarisiima, C., Kugonza, D., &amp; Twesigye, C. (2004). The potential role of {Ugandan} indigenous chicken in poverty alleviation. The Uganda Journal, 50(May 2014), 85\u201390.\r\n[34] MAGOTHE, T. M., OKENO, T. O., MUHUYI, W. B., &amp; KAHI, A. K. (2012). Indigenous chicken production in Kenya: I. Current status. World\u2019s Poultry Science Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0043933912000128\r\n[35] Mbiriri, D., Mutibvu, T., &amp; Kashangura, M. T. (2011). Village chicken production systems in Zhombe communal area of Zimbabwe, (July).\r\n[36] Msomi, H. (2008). Poultry sector country review. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 147(May), 25\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-014-0524-2\r\n[37] Nutrition, S. (2018). ZIMBABWE NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEY 2018.\r\n[38] Tschirley, D.; Reardon, T.; Dolislager, M.; Snyder, J. (2015). The Rise of a Middle Class in East and Southern Africa: Implications for Food System Transformation, Michigan University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mudavanhu Tsikai, Ignatius Govere and Kainos Manyeruke &#8220;Impact Assessment of Indigenous Chickens Production Interventions in the Semi-arid Regions of Zimbabwe: Case of Chivi District &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.54-63 November 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71105<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/54-63.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-assessment-of-indigenous-chickens-production-interventions-in-the-semi-arid-regions-of-zimbabwe-case-of-chivi-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact Assessment of Indigenous Chickens Production Interventions in the Semi-arid Regions of Zimbabwe: Case of Chivi District <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162e7de elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"162e7de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162e905 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162e905\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162eb02\" data-id=\"162eb02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162eca6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162eca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162ed75 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162ed75\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162ef43\" data-id=\"162ef43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162f0eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162f0eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162f1b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162f1b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162f3e9\" data-id=\"162f3e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162f56f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162f56f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162f634 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162f634\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162f813\" data-id=\"162f813\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162f989 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162f989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162fa4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162fa4a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162fc1e\" data-id=\"162fc1e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162fd92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162fd92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162fe53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162fe53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-163003e\" data-id=\"163003e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16301b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16301b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Contamination and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Stream Sediments of Bambui Area, Western Cameroon <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Lemnyuy Prosper Yiika, Ndema Mbongu\u00e9 Jean-Lavenir, Mboudou Germain Marie Monesp\u00e9rance, Emmanuel Eseya Mengu, Bewah Emilien Bih- November 2022 Page No.: 64-75<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-163027d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"163027d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1630491\" data-id=\"1630491\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1630643 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1630643\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The Bambui area is located at the foot of the Bamenda Mountains, which is part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). The study area consists of different rock types such as alkali basalt, trachyte, rhyolite and ignimbrite with a granitic basement of the Pan Africa Fold belt. The main objective of this work was to assess the contamination and risk pose by heavy metals in stream sediments of Bambui area. Heavy metal in the representative stream sediment samples collected were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Elevated levels of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Th, V, Zn, La, Fe and Ti could be attributed to geological and anthropogenic metal input sources in the area. Assessment of contamination factor, degree of contamination, modified degree of contamination, enrichment factor, ecological risk factor and potential ecological risk index showed that the sediments had a low to high ecological risk index. Pollution load index (0.78-1.60), geo-accumulation load index (1.73-5641.91) and anthropogenic metal input (0-5.25) indicate heavy metal contamination in the study area. Geological origin, agricultural practices, municipal waste disposal and animal manure were identi\ufb01ed as the major sources of heavy metals in the stream sediments of the study area.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 64-75\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 December 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lemnyuy Prosper Yiika<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geology, Mining and Environmental Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ndema Mbongu\u00e9 Jean-Lavenir<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon\r\nDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mboudou Germain Marie Monesp\u00e9rance<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Eseya Mengu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bewah Emilien Bih<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon\r\nUniversity of the West of Scotland-London Campus\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tFerreira da Silva, M. 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Geochemical and environmental assessment of heavy metals in soils and sediments of Forumad Chromite mine, NE of Iran. J Min Environ, 6:251-261.\r\n[42]\tKaiser HF. (1958). The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 23:187-200.\r\n[43]\tKamunda, C. Mathuthu, M. Madhuku, M. (2016). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils from Witwatersrand gold mining basin, South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13(7):663. https:\/\/ doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerp h1307 0663.\r\n[44]\tAbhijit M. and Ramkrishna M. (2017). Geochemical contamination in the mine affected soil of RaniganjCoalfielde a river basin scale assessment. Geosci Frontiers, 30:1-14. \r\n[45]\tHakanson L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. Sedimentology Approach Water Res 14(8):975\u20131001.\r\n[46]\tTomlinson, DL. Wilson, JG. Harris, CR. Jeffrey, DW. (1980). Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. HelgolMeeresunters, 33(1):566. https:\/\/ doi.org\/10.1007\/bf024 14780.\r\n[47]\tKhan, MZH. Hasan, MR. Khan, M, Aktar, S. Fatema, K. (2017). Distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Bay of Bengal Coast. J Toxicol, 2017: 9235764-9235764. DOI: 10.1155\/2017\/9235764.\r\n[48]\tTariq, J. Nasir, A. Azhar, M. (2018) .Heavy metals contamination and ecological risk assessment in surface sediments of Namal Lake, Pakistan. Pol. J. Environ. Stud, 27:681-688. DOI: 10.15244\/pjoes\/75815.\r\n[49]\tM\u00fcller, G. (1981). The heavy metal content of the sediments of the Neckar and its tributaries: An inventory. Chemische Zeitung, 105:157-164.\r\n[50]\tBai, J. Cui, B. Chen, B. Zhang, K. Deng, W. Gao, H. Xiao, R. (2011). Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from a typical plateau lake wetland, China. Ecol. Model., 222 (2): 301-306 \r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lemnyuy Prosper Yiika, Ndema Mbongu\u00e9 Jean-Lavenir, Mboudou Germain Marie Monesp\u00e9rance, Emmanuel Eseya Mengu, Bewah Emilien Bih, &#8220;Contamination and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Stream Sediments of Bambui Area, Western Cameroon &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.64-75 November 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/64-75.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/64-75.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/contamination-and-risk-assessment-of-heavy-metals-in-stream-sediments-of-bambui-area-western-cameroon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contamination and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Stream Sediments of Bambui Area, Western Cameroon <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1631a09 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1631a09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1632b54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1632b54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1632c17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1632c17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1632dec\" data-id=\"1632dec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1632f69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1632f69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-163302b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"163302b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1633218\" data-id=\"1633218\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1633391 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1633391\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Chemical and Nutritional Compositions of Cheese-Like Products from Tiger Nut and Soybean Fermented with Lactobacillus Plantarum Strain AMA2A <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abu, M. A., Amakoromo, E. R. and Eruteya. O. C.- November 2022 Page No.: 76-80<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1633453 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1633453\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16336b4\" data-id=\"16336b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-163386a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"163386a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Cheese has been known for long a time in human diet. It is a rich supply of protein and fat which make it nutritious and energy rich food that is suitable for people at all ages. Current advances in food science have revealed the role of cheese in nutrition and health. Apart from protein and energy, cheese has a high contribution of vital nutrients such as   amino acids, vitamins, bioactive peptides, fatty acids, and minerals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical and nutritional compositions of cheese-like products from tiger nut and soybean milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum strain AMA2A.  Tiger nut milk and soymilk were produced from tiger nut tubers and soybean seeds respectively, using Standard methods. The milk was mixed for cheese production at different ratios, 100:0, 80:20, 60:40 and 0:100. The four samples were each inoculated with 4%v\/v Lactobacillus plantarum strain AMA 2A. Calotropis procera extract serving the purpose of coagulant was cautiously added to the mixture and allowed to ferment for 24 hours for cheese formation. The chemical and nutritional compositions were determined using standard methods. Analysis of the cheese-like samples revealed the following ranges of proximate compositions: Moisture (36.54\u00b10.67 &#8211; 50.55\u00b10.64%), Carbohydrate (4.65\u00b11.04 \u2013 29.88\u00b12.12%), protein (12.50\u00b11.13 &#8211; 34.86\u00b11.07%), ash (0.22\u00b10.00 &#8211; 1.91\u00b10.06%), fat (7.13\u00b10.18 -24.43\u00b12.02%) and crude fibre (0.200\u00b10.00 \u2013 0.815\u00b10.40%). The mineral contents of the products had the following range (mg\/kg): Calcium (23.93\u00b11.17 \u2013 55.74\u00b10.79), magnesium (93.08\u00b14.50 \u2013 124.11\u00b10.42) potassium (282.55\u00b13.61 \u2013 509.86\u00b10.21), sodium (19.40\u00b10.92 -34.26\u00b11.17) iron (0.23\u00b10.03 \u2013 4.75\u00b10.26) and manganese (15.71\u00b11.00 \u2013 59.45\u00b12.26). The study revealed that the chemical and nutritional compositions of tiger nut-soybean cheese are such that can substitute dairy cheese in human nutrition.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 76-80\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 December 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abu, M. A.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amakoromo, E. R. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eruteya. O. C.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBalogun, M., Fausat, L.K., Adebisi, T.T. and Joseph, J.K. (2016). Effect of fortification of fresh cow milk with coconut milk on the proximate composition and yield of of warankashi, a traditional cheese. Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 8(1): 10-14.\r\n[2]\tNazim, M.U., Mitra, K., Rahman, M.M., Abdullah, A.T.M. and Parveen, S. (2013).  Evaluation of the nutritional quality and microbiological analysis of newly developed soya cheese. International Journal of Food Resources, 20(6): 3373-3380.\r\n[3]\tNguyen, Q.V., Van Le, H., Nguyen, D.V., Malau-Aduli, B.S., Nichols, P.D. and Malau-Aduli, A.E.  (2019). Enhancing Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content of Dairy-Derived Foods for Human Consumption. Nutrients, 11(4): 743.\r\n[4]\tRenes, E., G\u00f3mez-Cort\u00e9s, P., de la Fuente, M., Linares, D., Tornadijo, M. and Fresno, J. (2019).  CLA-producing adjunct cultures improve the nutritional value of sheep cheese fat. Food Research International,116: 819-826.\r\n[5]\tBontempo, L., Barbero, A., Bertoldi, D., Camin, F., Larcher, R., Perini, M., Sepulcri, A., Zicarelli, L. and Piasentier, E. (2019).  Isotopic and elemental profiles of Mediterranean buffalo milk and cheese and authentication of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana PDO \r\n[6]\tDarnay, L., N\u00e9meth, \u00c1., Koncz, K., Monspart-S\u00e9nyi, J., P\u00e1sztor-Husz\u00e1r, K., Friedrich, L. and Laczay, P. (2019).  Effect of different O2\/CO2 permeable foils on aging of semi-hard goat cheese. International Dairy Journal, 90: 114-118.\r\n[7]\tLeclercq-Perlat, M. N., Saint-Eve, A., Le Jan, E., Raynaud, S., Morge, S., Lefrileux, Y. and Picque, D. (2019).  Physicochemical and sensory evolutions of the lactic goat cheese Picodon in relation to temperature and relative humidity used throughout ripening. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(6): 5713-5725.\r\n[8]\tCipolat-Gotet, C., Cecchinato, A.  Pazzola, MDettori,.  M. L.  Bittante, G.  and Vacca, G. M. (2016).  Potential influence of herd and animal factors on the yield of cheese and recovery of components from Sarda sheep milk, as determined by a laboratory bench-top model cheese-making. International Dairy Journal, 63: 8\u201317.\r\n[9]\tFuseina, T.  (2014). Evaluation of the potential of Adding Tiger nut Milk and Soybean Milk into Cheese Making. M.Sc.Dissertation, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon.\r\n[10]\tFalola, A., Salami, M., Bello, A. and Olaoye, T. (2017).  Effect of yam storage techniques usage on farm income in Kwara State, Nigeria. Agrosearch, 17(1): 54-65.\r\n[11]\tAl-Tamimi, J. Z. (2016). Effects of Almond Milk on Body Measurements and Blood Pressure. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 7(6): 466-471.\r\n[12]\tScalabrini, P., Rossi, M., Spettoli, P. and Matteuzzi, D. (1998). Characterization of Bifidobacterium strains for use in soymilk fermentation. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 39(3): 213\u2013219.\r\n[13]\tTTSL Gingernuts. Chufas. Souchet. Ermandeln. Pois Sucr\u00e9s: Tigernut Traders, S.L. Export. www.tigernut.com; http:\/\/ www.tigernut.com\/product3.html\/(2005).\r\n[14]\tUmerie, S.C., Okafor, E.O. and Uka, A. S.  (1997).  Evaluation of the Tubers and Oil of Cyperus esculentus Elsevier Sci.Ltd. Bioresource Technology, 61(2): 171-173.\r\n[15]\tTemple, V.J., Ojobe, T.O. and Kapu, M.M. (1990). Chemical Analysis of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 50: 262\u2013263.\r\n[16]\tAddy, E. O. and Eteshola, E.  (1984).  Nutritive Value of a Mixture of Tiger nut Tubers (Cyperus esculentus L.) and Baobab Seeds (Adansonia digitata L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 35(4): 437-440.\r\n[17]\tSunanliganon, C., Thong-Ngam, D., Tumwasorn, S. and Klaikeaw, N.  (2012).  Lactobacillus plantarum B7 inhibits Helicobacter pylori growth and attenuates gastric inflammation. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18(20): 2472\u20132480.\r\n[18]\tQuatravaux, S., Remize, F., Brackaert, E., Colavizza, D. and Guzzo, J. (2006).  Examination of Lactobacillus plantarum lactate metabolism side effects in relation to the modulation of aeration parameters. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 101(4): 903-912.\r\n[19]\tSiezen, R.J., van Hylckama, V. and Johan, E.T. (2011).  Genomic diversity and versatility of Lactobacillus plantarum, a natural metabolic engineer.  Microbial Cell Fact; 10(1): S3. \r\n[20]\tAkinloye, A.M.  and Adewumi, O.O. (2014).  Effects of local coagulants on the yield of cheese using cow and sheep milk. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 13(1): 150-161.\r\n[21]\tMaduka, N. and Ire, F.S. (2018). Tger nut plant and useful application of tiger nut tubers (Cyperus esculentus)-A Review. Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 6(4): 1-23\r\n[22]\tAfroz, F., Anjum, W., Kabir, M.A. and Nurulislam, M. (2016).  Preparation of Soymilk Using Different Methods. Food and Nutrition Science, 4(1): 11-17. Amonsou, E.O., Siwela, M. and Dlamini, N. Chemical composition and microstructure of Bauhinia grains. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(9): 2263-2269.\r\n[23]\tAOAC (2000). Offcial methods of analysis. 17th edition. In: Asscoaition of official Analytical Chemists, Rockville.\r\n[24]\tOyewole, O. and Afolami, O. (2014).  Quality and preference of different cassava varieties for \u2018lafun\u2019 production. Journal of Food Technology in Africa, (2001); 6(1): 27-29.\r\n[25]\tAmonsou, E.O., Muthulisi, S.  and Nomusa, D. (2014).  Chemical composition and microstructure of Bauhinia grains, Association of Food Scientists &#038; Technologists (India).\r\n[26]\tBalogun, M.A., Oyeyinka, S.A., Kolawole, F.L., Joseph, J.K.  and Olajobi, G.E. (2019).  Chemical composition and sensory properties of soy-tiger nut cheese. Ceylon Journal of Science, (48(4): 353-358.\r\n[27]\tSabah, M. S., Ahmed, S, M.., Arafat, M S. A.  and Fawzia, I. M. (2019).  Nutritional value of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus l.) tuber and its products. Journal of Biological Chemistry and Environmental Science, 14(1): 301-318\r\n[28]\tBelewu, M.A.  and Belewu, K.Y. (2007).  Comparative Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Tiger-nut, Soybean and Coconut Milk Sources. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 09(5):785\u2013787.\r\n[29]\tMohammed, K., Allen, R., Isa, M., Arsalan, N., Michele, W., Haoming, Z., Jana, M., Cordula, G., Theodore D. and Robert, I. (2018). An optimized spectrophotometric assay for convenient and accurate quantitation of intracellular iron oxide nanoparticles.  International Journal of Hyper themia, 34 (4).\r\n[30]\tLewu, M., Adebola, P. and Afolayan, A. (2010).  Effect of cooking on the mineral contents and anti-nutritional factors in seven accessions of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott growing in South Africa. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23(5): 389-393.\r\n[31]\tCatrin, T. and George, D.S. (2017).   pH and Titratable Acidity. Food Science Text Series. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(1): 211-222\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abu, M. A., Amakoromo, E. R. and Eruteya. O. C., &#8220;Chemical and Nutritional Compositions of Cheese-Like Products from Tiger Nut and Soybean Fermented with Lactobacillus Plantarum Strain AMA2A &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-11, pp.76-80 November 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/76-80.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-11\/76-80.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1635b81\" data-id=\"1635b81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1635d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1635d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1635dd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1635dd3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1635f94\" data-id=\"1635f94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1636139 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1636139\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Effect of Red Mangrove Leaves on Haematological Parameters of Broilers Ebiye Adipere, Samuel Nnadi Wekhe, Nathaniel O. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7116,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7940","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7940"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7940\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}