{"id":7988,"date":"2022-12-31T06:08:12","date_gmt":"2022-12-31T06:08:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/?page_id=7988"},"modified":"2023-01-28T02:45:38","modified_gmt":"2023-01-28T02:45:38","slug":"volume-vii-issue-xii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/archive\/volume-vii-issue-xii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VII Issue XII"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7988\" class=\"elementor elementor-7988 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c94177 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c94177\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c94479\" data-id=\"0c94479\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9464a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9464a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Production of Citric Acid from Aspergilus Niger <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nikolas Keith &#8211; December 2022 Page No.: 01-04<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c94737 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c94737\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c94949\" data-id=\"0c94949\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c94af3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0c94af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Citric acid is a commercially important product used in several industrial processes. Solid state fermentation was used in this work to produce citric acid by using a locally isolated Aspergillus niger, from spoilt solidified pap (eko). About 25g of plantain peel was gelatinized and 100m1 of nutrient solution was added. Aspergillus niger spores of about 5&#215;108 was added. The set-up was incubated for 15 days at room temperature. 1ml of the filtrate resulting from the fermentation was taken on 6th day, 8th day and 15th day into a test-tube. Pyridine and acetic anhydride were added and heated in water bath at 32\u00b0C for 30 minutes. The absorbance was taken using 420nm as wave length.\r\nThe concentration of the citric acid produced by the locally isolated Aspergillus niger on 6th day, 8th day and 15th day of incubation were 4.22g11, 2.29g\/1, and 14.77g\/1 respectively.\r\nThis result, which demonstrate the viability of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger isolated from spoilt solidified pap (eko) using plantain peel as a substrate can be of interest to possible future industrial applications.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-04\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 December 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nikolas Keith <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adavisam.S, and Manickam. A, 1992. Biochemical, Methods for Agricultural Sciences. New Delhi. p. 10. Belinda P.Bibbins, Ana Torrado, Sandra Curtes and Jose manuel, 2010. Citric Acid production from orange peel wastes by solid-state fermentation. Spain. p.394.\r\n[2]. Berovic. M. and Legisa. M, 2007. Citric Acid Production. Netherlands.p.303-343 Bjorn, Krsitiansen, Michael, Joan, Lynden, 2002. Citric Acid Biotechnology. U.S.A.\r\n[3]. Byun H.G, Kim S.K and Park P.J, 2002. Continuous Production of Citric Acid from Dairy\r\n[4]. Wastewater Using Immobilized Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142. England.p.89-94 Chales. C.J, Blackwell.M, 1996. Introductory Mycology. Wiles.\r\n[5]. 7 David .R, 2005. Phsysical Constants of organic compounds, Florida. Dhandayuthapani.K And Kumar. S, 2008. Production of citric acid from Banana peels By Aspergillus niger, India.\r\n[6]. Ige, T., &amp; Adewale, S. (2022a). Implementation of data mining on a secure cloud computing over a web API using supervised machine learning algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 13(5), 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2022.0130501\r\n[7]. Ige, T., &amp; Adewale, S. (2022b). AI powered anti-cyber bullying system using machine learning algorithm of multinomial na\u00efve Bayes and optimized linear support vector machine. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 13(5), 5\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2022.0130502\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nikolas Keith &#8220;Production of Citric Acid from Aspergilus Niger &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.01-04 December 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/01-04.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/01-04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/production-of-citric-acid-from-aspergilus-niger\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Production of Citric Acid from Aspergilus Niger <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c95f05 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0c95f05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c96db9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c96fa7\" data-id=\"0c96fa7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c97158 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c97158\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9722d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9722d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9741a\" data-id=\"0c9741a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9759e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9759e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c97667 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c97667\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c97867\" data-id=\"0c97867\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c979e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c979e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Soil Resistivity, its Impact on Optimum Depth of Electrodes in Earthing System\u2013 Case Study University of Port Harcourt Residential Staff Quarters<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Engr. Theophilus E. Edeko, and Dr. Eseosa Omorogiuwa- December 2022 Page No.: 05-12<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c97aa6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c97aa6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c97ca2\" data-id=\"0c97ca2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c97e35 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0c97e35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">A well-designed earthing system plays a vital role in any Electrical Facility.\r\nSoil resistivity measurement is an important parameter when designing earthing system. However, it is a known fact that the resistance of an earth electrode which is a component of earthing system is heavily influenced by the resistivity of the soil in which it is driven to. A knowledge of the soil resistivity at the intended site, and how this varies with parameters such as moisture content, temperature and depth, provides a valuable insight into how the desired earth resistance value can be achieved and maintained over the life of the installation with the minimum cost and effort. One of the main objectives of earthing electrical systems is to establish a common reference potential for the power supply system, building structure, plant steelwork, electrical conduits, cable ladders and trays and the instrumentation system. To achieve this objective, a suitable low resistance connection to earth is desirable. In this research paper, soil resistivity was investigated in three different residential staff quarters of University of Port Harcourt Choba, Abuja and Delta Campuses during the wet and dry season of 2022 using the relevant IEEE standards and International best practices for determining Electrical substation and residential buildings earthing system designs. To determine the optimum depth of grounding electrodes that will have the acceptable values of earth resistance and resistivity for earthing system designs, the Wenner four pin method of measuring soil resistivity was employed. The findings of this research paper show the optimum depth the grounding electrodes will get to in order to obtain the best earth resistance and resistivity values that is suitable for substation and residential earthing system designs. The outcome of this study is also useful for purposes of estimating the number of grounding electrodes, ground resistance and potential gradients including step and touch voltages of substation grounding installations around the three locations of study in university of Port Harcourt residential staff quarters.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 05-12\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 January 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71201<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Engr. Theophilus E. Edeko<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Engineering, Technology &amp; Innovation Management (METI), Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Eseosa Omorogiuwa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Engineering, Technology &amp; Innovation Management (METI), Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Dwarka Prasad, H.C Sharma 2012 soil resistivity and earthing system.\r\n[2] Jinliang He, Rong Zeng, et al (2003) \u201cSeasonal Influences on Safety of Substation Grounding System\u201d,\r\n[3] M.O. Oyeleye and T. D. Makanju (2020) Soil Resistivity Adequacy assessment\r\n[4] https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Port_Harcourt\r\n[5] https:\/\/www.lectrotech.co.za\/soil-resistivity.asp\r\n[6] Wenner, F.C (1915), \u201cA method of measuring Earth Resistivity\u201d, U.S Bureau of standards, scientific paper 258, pp 469-478\r\n[7] Dawalibi, Barbeito, Measurements and computations of the performance of grounding systems buried in multilayer soils, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery (2002)\r\n[8] A. Gabriel, O. Kehinde, Assessment of soil resistivity on grounding of electrical systems a case study of north east zone, Nigeria, J. Acad. Appl. Stud. (2011) 28\u201338.\r\n[9] AEMC Instrument (2018) Understanding ground resistance testing. Workbook edition7. pp. 1-39 Accessed online from: www.aemc.com\r\n[10] Rainfall Data: Courtesy of https:\/\/ www.climate-data.org\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Engr. Theophilus E. Edeko, and Dr. Eseosa Omorogiuwa &#8221; Soil Resistivity, its Impact on Optimum Depth of Electrodes in Earthing System\u2013 Case Study University of Port Harcourt Residential Staff Quarters&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.05-12 December 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71201<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/05-12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/soil-resistivity-its-impact-on-optimum-depth-of-electrodes-in-earthing-system-case-study-university-of-portharcourt-residential-staff-quarters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Soil Resistivity, its Impact on Optimum Depth of Electrodes in Earthing System\u2013 Case Study University of Port Harcourt Residential Staff Quarters<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c99318 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0c99318\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-element-0c99f20\" data-id=\"0c99f20\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9a0bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9a0bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9a187 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9a187\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9a364\" data-id=\"0c9a364\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9a4db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9a4db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9a5a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9a5a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9a779\" data-id=\"0c9a779\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9a91a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9a91a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9a9e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9a9e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9abe8\" data-id=\"0c9abe8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9ad61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9ad61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Application of Therapeutic Architectural Principles in the Design of Drug Rehabilitation Centre for Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abubakar Aliyu, Adamu Mohammed Babayo, Musa Hamza- December 2022 Page No.: 13-19<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9ae5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9ae5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9b047\" data-id=\"0c9b047\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9b209 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0c9b209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">In order to achieve lifetime abstinence from illicit drugs and psychoactive substances, drug de-addiction and rehabilitation now endeavors to provide emotional support along with medical care, rather than aiming at removal of physical dependences on drugs only. When a drug addict is released from a Detention Camp, he\/she is reintegrated back to the society as liability with high temptation to relapse, due to the ineffectiveness of the detention strategy and gross inadequacy of drug treatment and rehabilitation services in Nigeria, as Programs like Detoxification, Psychotherapy and Meditation are absent. The purpose of this study therefore is to explore the principles of therapeutic architecture towards designing a therapeutic environment, with a view to support the new treatment trend for drug addicts and thugs in Bauchi state- Nigeria. The method applied in this study is basically qualitative, using Multiple Case Study approach. Cross Case Analysis was used to analyze the data collected. This study identified 12 principles of Therapeutic Architecture and was able to determine the best mode of application for the design of the Rehabilitation Centre. The findings of this study showcase Architecture in aiding therapy for drug addicts and thugs, by creating a therapeutic environment that addresses the problem of relapse and inadequacy of the treatment facility in the study area, which ensures reintegration of addicts back to the society within the shortest possible time with minimal professional intervention.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 13-19\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 January 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71202<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar Aliyu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adamu Mohammed Babayo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Musa Hamza<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Sulaiman, B. J. (2012 June). Drug abuse as a prerequisite for violence in Nigeria: A case study of north-east zone. Paper presented at International Policy Brief conference, Ibadan Nigeria.\r\n[2] Halliru, T. (2013). Political violence and youth gangs in Bauchi state. Journal of Research in National Development, 11(2).\r\n[3] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), (2018). Drug Use Survey in Nigeria: Response to drugs and related organized crime in Nigeria. European Union, Vienna.Nuruddeen, U. and Usman, S. A. (2018). Barriers Affecting the Adoption of Building Information Modelling in Construction Consultancy Firms in Abuja, Nigeria: International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) Volume (5) 13-17\r\n[4] Gyong, J.E. &amp; Tanimu, B. (2010). A sociological assessment of national drug law enforcement agency\u2019s (NDLEA) strategies of arrest and detention in Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3):127-132.\r\n[5] Velsen, K.V (2011). Retrieved from ArchDaily: http:\/\/www.archdaily.com\/126290\/architectural design of rehabilitation-center-groot klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen\r\n[6] Huisman, E., Morales, E., Hoof, J. v., &amp; Kort, H. (2012). Healing environment: A review of the impact of physical environmental factors on users. Building and Environment.\r\n[7] Morgenthaler, H. R. (2015). The Meaning of Modern Architecture: Its Inner Necessity and an Empathetic Reading. London. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.\r\n[8] John, B. (2014) Adaptive Healing: Exploring therapeutic architecture and the integration of addiction rehabilitation into the Cape Flats, Mitchells Plain. (Master\u2019s Thesis, University of Cape Town (2014).\r\n[9] John, L. &amp; Tammy, A. (2017). How to do it \u2026 Short-term, homelike rehab. Paper presented at Issues of Mcnight\u2019s Long Term Care Conference. Retrieved December 1, 2017 from: How to do it &#8230; Short-term, homelike rehab &#8211; McKnight&#8217;s Long Term Care News\r\n[10] Vaaler, A. E., Morken, G., &amp; Linaker, O. M. (2005). Effects of different interior decorations in the seclusion area of a psychiatric acute ward. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 59, 19-24\r\n[11] Potthoff, J. (1995). Adolescent satisfaction with drug\/alcohol treatment facilities: Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 41, 62\u201373.\r\n[12] Mirzaei, T., Ravary, A., Hanifi, N., Miri, S., Oskouie, F., &amp; Abadi, S. M. (2010). Addicts&#8217; Perspectives about Factors Associated with Substance Abuse Relapse. Iran Journal of Nursing.\r\n[13] Alameri, S. (2018). Architecture of Drug Addiction Rehabilitation. Abu Dhabi University. UAE: Researchgate Publication.\r\n[14] Nanda, U., Eisen, S., Zadeh, R. S., &amp; Owen, D. (2010). Effect of visual art on patient anxiety and agitation in a mental health facility and implications for the business case. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 185, 386\u201339\r\n[15] HAMZA, M., ADAMU, M. B., USMAN, A. J., &amp; USMAN, B. W. (2022). Evaluation of Mixed-Mode Strategies in Office Buildings of the Tropical Savanna Climate. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 7(3)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abubakar Aliyu, Adamu Mohammed Babayo, Musa Hamza &#8221; Application of Therapeutic Architectural Principles in the Design of Drug Rehabilitation Centre for Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.13-19 December 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71202<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/13-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/application-of-therapeutic-architectural-principles-in-the-design-of-drug-rehabilitation-centre-for-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Application of Therapeutic Architectural Principles in the Design of Drug Rehabilitation Centre for Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9c5a7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0c9c5a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9c6cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9c6cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9c8bb\" data-id=\"0c9c8bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9ca52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9ca52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9cb1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9cb1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9cce8\" data-id=\"0c9cce8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9ce71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9ce71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9cf36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9cf36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9d13d\" data-id=\"0c9d13d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9d2c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9d2c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9d393 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9d393\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9d572\" data-id=\"0c9d572\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9d6ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9d6ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9d7ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9d7ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9d9a6\" data-id=\"0c9d9a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9db1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9db1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9dbe1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9dbe1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9dddd\" data-id=\"0c9dddd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9df59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9df59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Analysis of Chemical Composition of Three Variants of Potash in North Central Nigeria: Implication on Public Health and Attainment of SDG No. 3 <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr Amos Bulus Cirfat, Dr.Zipporah Pewat Duguryil, Dr. Henry David Katniyon- December 2022 Page No.: 20-23<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9e01d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9e01d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9e20a\" data-id=\"0c9e20a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9e396 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0c9e396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Despite the relevance and use of potash for cooking various types of food over a long period of time in north central Nigeria, a serious gap exist in the non-analysis north central Nigeria. There has been a worrisome trend of increase in carcinogenic ailments in Nigeria. The research analysed the chemical components of three types of potash variants: red (Jan kanwa), white (Farin Kanwa) and Brown (Tokan Sanyi) potash. The samples were analysed for presence or otherwise of some heavy metals (Lead (Pb) Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni)). Three samples of potash were obtained from Benue, Nassarawa and Plateau states. The metals were analysed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAAS). The results were compared with the World Health Organisation standard. The three samples were subjected to digestion and qualitative and quantitative analysis carried out on them. Ions tested for in the qualitative analysis include: Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, and CO32. Percentage purity of the samples were also calculated. From the analysis the alkali concentration of red, white and brown potash was found to be 0.344, 0.272 and 0.795 moldm3 respectively. Their percentage purity was found to be 38.53, 30.46 and 89.04% respectively. The concentration of lead in the three samples (Red = 0.156, white = 0.076 and Brown 0.058 mg\/L) These are higher than the WHO standard of 0.05mg\/L. The concentration of Fe for the three samples of potash was (red = 4.192, white = 31.329 and Brown = 2.072). This was found to be well above the WHO standard of 1.0mg\/L useful: The concentration of Mn in the three samples were found to be (red=ND, white = 0.118, brown =ND). The Ni was not detected in all the three samples. Based on this result it was recommended among others that since potash has very high percentage impurities, there is need for its purification before consumption.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 20-23\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 January 2023<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Amos Bulus Cirfat<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and Early Childhood, Federal College of Education, Pankshin, Plateau State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr.Zipporah Pewat Duguryil<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and Early Childhood, Federal College of Education, Pankshin, Plateau State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Henry David Katniyon<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and Early Childhood, Federal College of Education, Pankshin, Plateau State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Fwatshak S. U. (2007). Sources of knowledge and resilience of shem salt of the Chadic speakers of the Jos Plateau. In O. Akinwumi, O.O. Okpeh, G.B.N. Ogbogbo&amp;Anoja (Eds) African indigenous science and knowledge systems: Triumphs and tribulations. Essays in Honour of Gloria Emeagwali. Abuja: Root Books &amp; Journal, 333.\r\n[2] HIS (2019). Potassium chemicals inorganic. Retrieved 26\/5\/2021 at https:\/\/ihsmarkit.com\/products\/inorganic-potassium-chemical-economics handbook.html\r\n[3] Jedy-Agba, E.E. Curado, M. P. Ogunbiyi, E. and Oga, O. (2014). Cancer incidence in Nigeria: A report from populations \u2013 based cancer registries. Asian Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology. 10(1).\r\n[4] Johnson &amp; Johnson (2003). The development and validation of a knowledge, attitude and behaviour questionnaire to assess undergraduate evidence-based practice teaching and learning. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2003.01678.x.\r\n[5] Mcintosh, J. (2020). How to choose the right fertilizer type. Retrieved 26\/5\/2021 at https:\/\/www.thespruce.com\/choose-right-flower-fertilizer-1315828\r\n[6] MCDuel, B. (2019). Study guide G.S.E. chemistry. UK,LETS educational publishing. p. 90\r\n[7] Michealson, D. (2012). Red potash versus White potash what is the difference? Farm Journal AGweb. Https:\/\/.www.agweb.com\r\n[8] Pahwa, P. &amp; McDuffe, H. H. (2008). Cancer among potash workers in Saskatchewan, Journal of Environment Medicine, 50(9), 1035-41. doi: 10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318175414d.\r\n[9] Puzas, J. E., Campbell, J., O\u2019keefe, R. J. &amp; Rosier, R. N. (2004). Lead toxicity in the skeleton and its role in osteoroporisis. Nutrition and Bone Health, P. 363-376\r\n[10] Science &amp; Technology (1987). Volume 10. Sixth edition New York: St. Louis San Francisco.\r\n[11] Wikipedia, (2021). Potash. Retrieved at https\/\/em.m.wikipeadia.org on 11\/11\/2022.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Amos Bulus Cirfat, Dr.Zipporah Pewat Duguryil, Dr. Henry David Katniyon &#8221; Analysis of Chemical Composition of Three Variants of Potash in North Central Nigeria: Implication on Public Health and Attainment of SDG No. 3 &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.20-23 December 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/20-23.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/20-23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-chemical-composition-of-three-variants-of-potash-in-north-central-nigeria-implication-on-public-health-and-attainment-of-sdg-no-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Analysis of Chemical Composition of Three Variants of Potash in North Central Nigeria: Implication on Public Health and Attainment of SDG No. 3 <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9f6b2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0c9f6b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9f801 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9f801\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9fa10\" data-id=\"0c9fa10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9fb92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9fb92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c9fc6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c9fc6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c9fe3c\" data-id=\"0c9fe3c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c9ffb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c9ffb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca008e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca008e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca025a\" data-id=\"0ca025a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca03fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca03fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca04ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca04ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca0692\" data-id=\"0ca0692\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca0824 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca0824\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca08e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca08e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca0aaa\" data-id=\"0ca0aaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca0c29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca0c29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca0cee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca0cee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca0ec6\" data-id=\"0ca0ec6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca1055 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca1055\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Influence of breeds, physiological status and feed components on Haematological parameters of goats in Bali, Taraba State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Y.E. Waba and S.T Mbap, D.J.U. Kalla and Y.P.Mancha- December 2022 Page No.: 24-31<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca111d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca111d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca1310\" data-id=\"0ca1310\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca14d3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0ca14d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The study evaluated the influence of breeds, physiological status and diets on haematological parameters of West Africa Dwarf (WAD) and Sahel goats at the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba state. A total of twenty-four does and their corresponding progenies of the two breeds were used for this study. Blood samples were collected from each animal to evaluate the haematological parameters, which lasted for 12 calendar months. The animals were fed of components feeds (Gmelina and cassava peel meal, Gmelina and cowpea husk, Ficus and cassava peal meal and, Ficus and cowpea husk) as treatments (T1-T4 respectively).The parameters considered were, , Haemoglobin (HGB), Pack cell volume (PCV), Red blood cell (RBC), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular (MCH), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), White blood cell (WBC), Lymphocytes (LYM), Neutrophils (NEUT), Eosinophils (EOSIN), Monocytes (MONO) and -Basophils (BASO). The Data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), using (Statistix, version 8.0, 2009) statistical package. The overall results of haematological parameters by breed, physiological status and diet were 8.699, 34.525, 9.632, 28.654, 5.971, 33.655, 9.282, 4.575, 3.042, 0.728, 0.467 and, 0.436, for HGB (g\/dl), PCV (%),RCB (\u00d7106), MCV (Fl), MCH (pg), MCHC (%),WBC (\u00d7106), LYM(%), NEUT(%), EOSIN (%),MONO (%) and BASO(%)respectively. Base on the present findings therefore, it is concluded that, haematological parameters are useful measures of physiological statuses are quite variable. The study has provided useful body of information\/knowledge on the reproductive biology of the two goat breeds of the study area, which hitherto was not available. These indices should therefore be used with caution for any rigorous interpretation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 24-31\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 January 2023<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Y.E. Waba<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Animal Health and Production, Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S.T Mbap<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Animal Health and Production, Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D.J.U. Kalla<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Animal Production, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, University Bauchi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Y.P.Mancha<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Animal Production, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, University Bauchi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Addass, P. A., Midau, A., &amp; Babale, D. M. (2010). Haemato-biochemical findings of indigenous goats in Mubi Adamawa State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science. Sci, 6(1), 14-16.\r\n[2] Adebayo AA, Bashir BA (2005). 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S., Anele, U. Y., Oni, O. O., Onwuka, C. F. I. and Aderinboye, R. Y. (2012). Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats fed dried cassava leaves-based concentrate diets. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44(3), 483-490.\r\n[25] Opara, M. N., Udevi, N. and Okoli, I. C. (2010). Haematological parameters and blood chemistry of apparently healthy west African dwarf (WAD) goats. New York Science Journal, 3(8), 68-72.\r\n[26] Osuji, P. O., Khalili, H. and Umunna, N. N. (1995). The effects of cottonseed cake with or without molasses on feed utilization, purine excretion, and milk production of Boran (Bos indicus) cows fed a mixture of wheat and oat straw. Tropical Agriculture, 72(1), 63-69.\r\n[27] Sastry, N.S.R. and Thomas, C.K. 1980. Farm Animal husbandry. New Delhi, India, vikas publishing house PVT Ltd. Pp. 29 \u2013 45.\r\n[28] Schlecht, E., Sangar\u00e9, M. and Becker, K. (1999). Supplementation of Zebu cattle grazing Sahelian pasture. I. Diet selection and intake. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 133(1), 69-81.\r\n[29] Schoenian, S (2007). Diarrhea (scours) in small ruminants. Maryland Small Ruminant Page, https:\/\/www. sheepandgoat.com\/scours\r\n[30] Scott, R., MacPherson, A., Yates, R. W., Hussain, B. and Dixon, J. (1998). The effect of oral selenium supplementation on human sperm motility. British Journal of Urology, 82(1), 76-80.\r\n[31] Shoenian, S. (2007). Introduction to feeding small ruminant (on line) Hhp\/w.w.w.sheep and goats.com.article of feeding small ruminant.\r\n[32] Tambuwal, F. M., Agale, B. M and Bangana, A. (2002). Haematological and biochemical values of apparently healthy Red Sokoto goats. Proceeding of 27th Annual Conference Nigerian Society of Animal Production (NSAP) (pp. 50-53).\r\n[33] Zahraddeen, D. (2006). Studies on Reproductive Performance and Milk Productivity of Goats in Bauchi. PhD Thesis. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria. PP 1-2 10.\r\n[34] Zemmelink, G. (1973). Utilization of poor quality roughages in the Northern Guinea Savannah zone. In Animal Production in the Tropics. Proceedings of the international Symposium on Animal production in the tropics, held at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (pp. 167-176).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Y.E. Waba and S.T Mbap, D.J.U. Kalla and Y.P.Mancha &#8221; Influence of breeds, physiological status and feed components on Haematological parameters of goats in Bali, Taraba State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.24-31 December 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/24-31.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/24-31.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-breeds-physiological-status-and-feed-components-on-haematological-parameters-of-goats-in-bali-taraba-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Influence of breeds, physiological status and feed components on Haematological parameters of goats in Bali, Taraba State<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca287b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0ca287b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca2d6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca2d6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca2e41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca2e41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca304e\" data-id=\"0ca304e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca31d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca31d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca3297 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca3297\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca3488\" data-id=\"0ca3488\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca3601 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca3601\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca36d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca36d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca38a2\" data-id=\"0ca38a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca3a17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca3a17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca3aec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca3aec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca3cb3\" data-id=\"0ca3cb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca3e25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca3e25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca3efa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca3efa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca40dd\" data-id=\"0ca40dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca4262 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca4262\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Work-Family Conflict, Emotional Stress, and Mindful Parenting Based on Parents&#8217; Occupational Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Liza Wahyuni, Syarifah Rauzatul Jannah, Marthoenis- December 2022 Page No.: 32-35<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca4329 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca4329\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca4512\" data-id=\"0ca4512\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca46de elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0ca46de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Background: Work-family is prevalent among working parents. The conflict is associated with various factors including the parental mental health, and stress levels, all of which influence children&#8217;s caring and parenting behavior. This study explores the work-family conflict, emotional distress (anxiety and depression symptoms, and parenting stress) of working parents with children.\r\nMethod: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 working parents with children and adolescents aged 1 to 19 years old. Data were collected at Children Education Institutions during August 2022 by filling out sociodemographic forms for parents and children, including age, education, length of the marriage, job characteristics, gender, number and age of children, measurement of work-family conflict, anxiety\/depression symptoms, parenting stress, and mindful parenting.\r\nResults: The study found that the majority of parents who had been married for an average of 6.85 years had an average number of children of 2.53 with pre-school and school age (32.2%), fathers had an average age of 38 years with tertiary education (32.1%), working hours of an average of 40.14 hours per week, type of full employment (21%), permanent job schedule (24%), and earn 3 million per month (37.5%), while mothers had an average age of 33 years with tertiary education (43.8%), working hours of an average of 38.38 hours per week, type of part-time job (20.1%), shift work schedule (24.1%) and earn &lt; 3 million per month (37.1%).\r\nConclusion: Parents&#8217; occupational characteristics contributed to work-family conflict and emotional pressure, namely anxiety, depression, and parenting stress, which impact the practice of caring and parenting to their children.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 32-35\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 January 2023<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Liza Wahyuni<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMaster Program of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Syarifah Rauzatul Jannah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Marthoenis<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Alexander, K. (2017). Integrative Review of the Relationship Between Mindfulness-Based Parenting Interventions and Depression Symptoms in Parents. JOGNN &#8211; Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 47(2), 184\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogn.2017.11.013\r\n[2] Chang, Y., &amp; Fine, MA (2007). Modeling parenting stress trajectories among low-income young mothers across the child&#8217;s second and third years: Factors accounting for stability and change. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 584\u2013594. https:\/\/doi. org\/10.1037\/0893-3200.21.4.584\r\n[3] Chaplin, TM, Mauro, KL, Curby, TW, Niehaus, C., Fischer, S., Turpyn, CC, Martelli, AM, Miller, AB, Leichtweis, RN, Baer, R., &amp; Sinha, R. (2021 ). Effects of A Parenting-Focused Mindfulness Intervention on Adolescent Substance Use and Psychopathology: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49(7), 861\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-021-00782-4\r\n[4] Chen, G., He, J., Cai, Z., &amp; Fan, X. (2020). Perceived parenting styles and body appreciation among Chinese adolescents: Exploring the mediating roles of dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105698\r\n[5] Cooklin, AR, Westrupp, E., Strazdins, L., Giallo, R., Martin, A., &amp; Nicholson, JM (2015). Mothers&#8217; work\u2013family conflict and enrichment: Associations with parenting quality and couple relationships. Child: care, health and development, 41(2), 266-277.\r\n[6] Duncan, LG, Coatsworth, JD, &amp; Greenberg, MT (2009). A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent\u2013child relationships and prevention research. Clinical child and family psychology review, 12(3), 255-270.\r\n[7] Goodman, SH, &amp; Garber, J. (2017). Evidence-based interventions for depressed mothers and their young children. Child development, 88(2), 368-377.\r\n[8] Gouveia, M., Canavarro, M., &amp; Moreira, H. (2019). The role of mindful parenting and children&#8217;s weight in mothers&#8217; child-feeding practices. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 25(2), 427-435.\r\n[9] Gouveia, MJ, Carona, C., Canavarro, M., &amp; Moreira, H. (2016). Self-compassion and dispositional mindfulness are associated with parenting styles and parenting stress: The mediating role of mindful parenting. Mindfulness, 7(3), 700-712.\r\n[10] Johnco, CJ, Magson, NR, Fardouly, J., Oar, EL, Forbes, MK, Richardson, C., &amp; Rapee, RM (2021). The role of parenting behaviors in the bidirectional and intergenerational transmission of depression and anxiety between parents and early adolescent youth. Depression and Anxiety, 38(12), 1256\u20131266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.23197\r\n[11] Leach, LS, Dinh, H., Cooklin, A., Nicholson, JM, &amp; Strazdins, L. (2020). Australian parents&#8217; work\u2013family conflict: prolonged effects on children&#8217;s family environment and mental health. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(4), 571\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-020-01944-3\r\n[12] Liu, Z., Sun, X., Guo, Y., &amp; Yang, S. (2020). Mindful parenting is positively associated with adolescents&#8217; life satisfaction: The mediating role of adolescents&#8217; coping self-efficacy. Current Psychology, 1-12.\r\n[13] Ljubeti\u0107, M., &amp; Rei\u0107 Ercegovac, I. (2020). The relationship between mindful mindful parenting, cognitive parental awareness, and the subjective well-being of adolescents. Metodi\u010dki ogledi: \u010dasopis za filozofiju odgoja, 27(1), 103-126.\r\n[14] Louie, AD, Cromer, LD, &amp; Berry, JO (2017). Assessing parenting stress: Review of the use and interpretation of the parental stress scale. The Family Journal, 25(4), 359-367.\r\n[15] Moreira, H., &amp; Canavarro, MC (2018). Does the association between mindful parenting and adolescents&#8217; dispositional mindfulness depend on the levels\r\n[16] Moreira, H., Fonseca, A., Caiado, B., &amp; Canavarro, MC (2019). Work-family conflict and mindful parenting: the mediating role of parental psychopathology symptoms and parenting stress in a sample of Portuguese employed parents. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 635.\r\n[17] Netemeyer, RG, Boles, JS, &amp; McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work\u2013family conflict and family\u2013work conflict scales. Journal of applied psychology, 81(4), 400.\r\n[18] Nobre\u2010Trindade, C., Ca\u00e7ador, MI, Canavarro, MC, &amp; Moreira, H. (2021). Mothers&#8217; psychopathology symptoms and mindful parenting in the postpartum period: The role of parental reflective functioning. Infant mental health journal, 42(6), 784-795.\r\n[19] Notten, N., Grunow, D., &amp; Verbakel, E. (2016). Social Policies and Families in Stress: Gender and Educational Differences in Work\u2013Family Conflict from a European Perspective. Social Indicators Research, 132(3), 1281\u20131305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11205-016-1344-z\r\n[20] Phua, DY, Kee, MZL, &amp; Meaney, MJ (2020). Positive Maternal Mental Health, Parenting, and Child Development. Biological Psychiatry, 87(4), 328\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.09.028\r\n[21] Sitimin, SA, Fikry, A., Ismail, Z., &amp; Hussein, N. (2017). Work-family conflict among working parents of children with autism in Malaysia. Procedia Computer Science, 105(December 2016), 345\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2017.01.232\r\n[22] Tsotsi, S., Broekman, BFP, Sim, LW, Shek, LP, Tan, KH, Chong, YS, Qiu, A., Chen, HY, Meaney, MJ, &amp; Rifkin-Graboi, A. (2019). Maternal Anxiety, Parenting Stress, and Preschoolers&#8217; Behavior Problems: The Role of Child Self-Regulation. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 40(9), 696\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000737\r\n[23] Turpyn, CC, &amp; Chaplin, TM (2016). Mindful parenting and parents&#8217; emotion expression: effects on adolescent risk behaviors. Mindfulness, 7(1), 246-254.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Liza Wahyuni, Syarifah Rauzatul Jannah, Marthoenis &#8221; Work-Family Conflict, Emotional Stress, and Mindful Parenting Based on Parents&#8217; Occupational Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.32-35 December 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/32-35.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/32-35.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/work-family-conflict-emotional-stress-and-mindful-parenting-based-on-parents-occupational-characteristics-a-cross-sectional-study-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Work-Family Conflict, Emotional Stress, and Mindful Parenting Based on Parents&#8217; Occupational Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca5a7c 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca6845 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca6845\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca6a1c\" data-id=\"0ca6a1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca6b8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca6b8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca6c50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca6c50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca6e3a\" data-id=\"0ca6e3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca6fdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca6fdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca70a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca70a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca7296\" data-id=\"0ca7296\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca740f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ca740f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Implications of Primary School Teacher\u2019s Levels of Awareness About Social Media Based Instructional Platforms for Extended Learning <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Fakuade Olubusayo Victor (Ph.D), Olaniyan Ademola Olatide (Ph.D), Prof. Ayotola Aremu &#8211; December 2022 Page No.: 36-43<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca74d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca74d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca76d1\" data-id=\"0ca76d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca787d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0ca787d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This study investigated primary school teachers\u2019 levels of awareness about social media based instructional platforms for extended learning. The research design used in this study was a descriptive survey and to achieve this objective, two research questions was formulated to guide the study. A standard questionnaire was used as the main data collection tool. Seventy-six (76) Primary school teachers randomly selected from five public primary schools in Ado Local Government of Ekiti-State, Nigeria. The data collected from respondents were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and descriptive analysis. The finding revealed that many of the respondents are aware of various social media platforms used in teaching, there existed a significant relationship between primary school teachers\u2019 awareness based on the existence of social media platforms and usage of social media platforms for extended learning (r= 0.0219: p&lt;0.05). It was also indicated that Primary school teachers\u2019 level of awareness about social media instructional platform was below average. Teachers are therefore implored to familiarize themselves with these social media platforms and not restrict themselves to the platforms that were for social engagement but rather get used to social platforms specifically designed for learning.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 36-43\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 January 2023<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fakuade Olubusayo Victor (Ph.D) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nLearning Expert, Department of Distance, Open and eLearning, Kampala International University, Uganda\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olaniyan Ademola Olatide (Ph.D) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenior Lecturer, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Ayotola Aremu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nProfessor of Educational Technology, Department of Science and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Amutha, S., &amp; Kennedy, S. J. (2015). Awareness and utilization of social networking among teacher trainees. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 4(10). http:\/\/ischolar.info\/index.php\/IJIRD\/article\/view\/143203\r\n[2] Arastoopour Irgens, G., Vega, H., Adisa, I., &amp; Bailey, C. (2022). Characterizing children\u2019s conceptual knowledge and computational practices in a critical machine learning educational program. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 34, 100541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcci.2022.100541\r\n[3] Aviram, A., Ronen, Y., Somekh, S., Winer, A., &amp; Sarid, A. (2008). Self-regulated personalized learning (SRPL): developing iClass\u2019s pedagogical model. ELearning Papers, 9(9), 1\u201317. https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/download\/6585098\/media15974.pdf\r\n[4] Benson, V. (2010). Online Social Networks: Changing the Face of Business Education and Career Planning. International Journal of E-Business Management, 4(1), 20\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3316\/ijebm0401020\r\n[5] Bexheti, L. A., Ismaili, B. E., &amp; Cico, B. H. (2014). An Analysis of Social Media Usage in Teaching and Learning: The Case of SEEU Future Education and Training in Computing: How to Support Learning at Anytime Anywhere (FETCH) View project SCOPUS Project View project. In researchgate.net.\r\n[6] Cardon, P. W., &amp; Okoro, E. (2010). A measured approach to adopting new media in the business communication classroom. Business Communication Quarterly, 73(4), 434\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1080569910385328\r\n[7] Casserly, M. (2007). No Child Left Behind in America\u2019s Great City Schools: Five Years and Counting. In ERIC. http:\/\/stats.lib.pdx.edu\/proxy.php\r\n[8] Cooper, H., Nye, B., Charlton, K., Lindsay, J., &amp; Greathouse, S. (1996). The effects of summer vacation on achievement test scores: A narrative and meta-analytic review. In Review of Educational Research (Vol. 66, Issue 3, pp. 227\u2013268). American Educational Research Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/00346543066003227\r\n[9] Council of Chief State School Officers, 2006. Retrieved August 16, 2006, from http:\/\/ www.adeanet. org\/downloadcenter\/Focus\/COMMUNIQUE%20-%20final.doc.\r\n[10] Dias, L., &amp; Victor, A. (2017). Teaching and Learning with Mobile Devices in the 21st Century Digital World: Benefits and Challenges. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(1), 339\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26417\/ejms.v5i1.p339-344\r\n[11] Draskovic, N., Caic, M., &amp; Kustrak, A. (2013). Croatian perspective (s) on the lecturer-student interaction through social media. International Journal of Management Cases, 15(4), 331\u2013339. http:\/\/161.53.22.65\/datoteka\/934760.Draskovic\r\n[12] Elena, R. (2017). Choosing more time for students: The what, why and how of expanded learning. Center for American Progress. www.americanprogress.org. 1-6.\r\n[13] Fakuade Olubusayo V. (2021): Effects of Social Media Instructional Platforms on Pupils\u2019 Social Interaction, Attitude to Extended Learning and Achievement in Basic Science in Ekiti-State, Nigeria. PhD thesis, University of Ibadan.\r\n[14] Fakuade Olubusayo V. and Ariybi Olukayode Akinyemi (2017): Awareness and the use of Social Media Platforms among Primary School Pupils in Ibadan Metropolis.In C.O.O. Kolawole, R.O. Akinbote, T.A. Ige, G.O. Adedoja and A.S. Aremu (Eds.) Advancing Education Through Technology. 697 \u2013 704pp ISBN:978-978-53340-2-9 (Nigeria)\r\n[15] Farbman, D. (2017). A new day for kids. Educational Leadership, 64.8: 62-65.\r\n[16] Farbman, D., &amp; Kaplan, C. (2019). Time for a Change: The Promise of Extended Time Schools for Promoting Student Achievement. Executive Summary. In Massachusetts 2020. https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED534911\r\n[17] Fisher, C. W. (1978). Teaching Behaviors, Academic Learning Time and Student Achievement: Final Report of Phase III-B, Beginning Teachers Evaluation Study. Technical Report V-1. https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED183525\r\n[18] Gross, L. (2010). Electronic media: An introduction. New York: McGraw Hill, International Edition. https:\/\/scholar.google.co.za\/scholar\r\n[19] Gupta, D. S. (2014). SOCIAL MEDIA FOR TEACHERS OF ENGLISH\u202f: A HUB FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT. Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL), 2(2), 34\u201338. http:\/\/www.rjelal.com\/2.2.14\/34-38.pdf\r\n[20] Junco, R., Heiberger, G., &amp; Loken, E. (2011). The effect of Twitter on college student engagement and grades. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(2), 119\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2010.00387.x\r\n[21] Kaplan, A. M., &amp; Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bushor.2009.09.003\r\n[22] Lau, F., &amp; Bates, J. (2004). A review of e-learning practices for undergraduate medical education. In Journal of Medical Systems (Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 71\u201387). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/b:joms.0000021522.30587.ff\r\n[23] Lenhart, A. (2012). Teens &amp; online video. Pew Internet &amp; American Life Project. Ris.Org. https:\/\/www.ris.org\/uploadi\/editor\/1340202136PIP_Teens_and_online_video.pdf\r\n[24] Lenhart, Amanda. (2012). Teens, smartphones &amp; texting. Pew Internet and American Life Project. https:\/\/www.fitsnews.com\/wp-content\r\n[25] Macdonald, J., &amp; Poniatowska, B. (2011). Designing the professional development of staff for teaching online: An OU (UK) case study. Distance Education, 32(1), 119\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01587919.2011.565481\r\n[26] Madge, C., Meek, J., Wellens, J., &amp; Hooley, T. (2009). Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university: \u201cIt is more for socialising and talking to friends about work than for actually doing work.\u201d Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 141\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17439880902923606\r\n[27] Morrone, A. S., Gosney, J., &amp; Engel, S. (2012). Empowering Students and Instructors: Reflections on the Effectiveness of iPads for Teaching and Learning. Educause Learning Initiative, April, 1\u20137.\r\n[28] Nathara M., &amp; Joseph P. (2015). Social Networks as a Tool for Education: An Awareness of School Leaders. US-China Education Review A, 5(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17265\/2161-623x\/2015.02.006\r\n[29] Ogunlade Bamidele Olusola, Mustapha Muhammad Jarimi and Fakuade Olubusayo Victor, (2020); Ict A Necessity to the Trainings of Pre-Service Teacher\u2019s Instruction: Assure way to National Educational Technology Standard: Journal of Library, Science Education and Learning (JOLSELT) Vol. 1 No 2: 100-115 (Nigeria)\r\n[30] Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/10748120110424816\r\n[31] Richtell, M., &amp; Stone, B. (2009). Industry Makes Pitch That Smartphones Belong in Classroom. A Journal On The Theory Of Ordered Sets And Its Applications, 1\u20132. https:\/\/scholar.google.co.za\/scholar\r\n[32] Rocha, E. (2007). Choosing More Time for Students: The What, Why, and How of Expanded Learning. In policyarchive.org. https:\/\/www.policyarchive.org\/handle\/10207\/7755\r\n[33] Solis, B. (2018). Customer service: The art of listening and engagement through social media. Google Scholar. https:\/\/scholar.google.co.za\/scholar\r\n[34] Thomas, M., &amp; Thomas, H. (2012). Using new social media and Web 2.0 technologies in business school teaching and learning. Journal of Management Development, 31(4), 358\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02621711211219013\r\n[35] Umoru, T. A. (2015). Challenges and Opportunities of Utilization of Social Media by Business Education Students in Nigeria Universities. International Scholarly and Scientific Research &amp; Innovation, 9(11), 3616\u20133620.\r\n[36] Whitehouse, S. (2009). Six Strategies to Help Young Adolescents at the Tipping Point in Urban Middle Schools. Middle School Journal, 40(5), 18\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00940771.2009.11461686\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Fakuade Olubusayo Victor (Ph.D), Olaniyan Ademola Olatide (Ph.D), Prof. Ayotola Aremu &#8220;Implications of Primary School Teacher\u2019s Levels of Awareness About Social Media Based Instructional Platforms for Extended Learning &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.36-43 December 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/36-43.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/36-43.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/implications-of-primary-school-teachers-levels-of-awareness-about-social-media-based-instructional-platforms-for-extended-learning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Implications of Primary School Teacher\u2019s Levels of Awareness About Social Media Based Instructional Platforms for Extended Learning <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca8c37 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0ca8c37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0caa195 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0caa195\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0caa255 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0caa255\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0caa43f\" data-id=\"0caa43f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0caa5c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0caa5c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Impact of Slash and Burn Agricultural Practice on Selected Towns of Owerri West Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. R.F. Njoku, Dr. C.C. Ejiogu, and Duru, C.C.- December 2022 Page No.: 44-52<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0caa68a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0caa68a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0caa89f\" data-id=\"0caa89f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0caaa5f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0caaa5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The objective of the study was to determine the effects of slash and burn farming practices on cultivated soils in a few communities in the Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted. Farmerland were selected at random from Owerri West Local Government Area. Soil sample were collected at a depth of 0-15cm from six different point before and after slash and burn using soil auger, bagged and labelled for laboratory analysis. The soil samples were then analyses: bulk density (BD), moisture content, total porosity, particles distribution, pH, exchangeable magnesium and calcium, total nitrogen, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable bases and acidity, effective cation exchange capacity and percentage base saturation. pH, Organic Carbon (OC), Organic Matter (OM), and Nitrogen contents in soil of the various research locations ranged from 3.38-6.66 (4.030.25), 1.18-6.66 (2.530.28), 2.04-6.16 (4.050.27), and 0.11-0.38 (0.250.02) percent, respectively. Available Phosphorus (Av.P) varied from 3.55-7.28 (5.550.36) mg\/g, Ca ions varied from 0.05-2.64 (0.480.17) mg\/g, and Mg ion concentrations varied from 0.15-0.63 (0.280.04) Cmol\/kg. Base Saturation (BS) varied from 10.18-94.33 (30.717.21) percent. Acidity and Al ions, as well as K and Na ions, ranged from 0.06-0.77 (0.130.04), 0.53-0.88 (0.660.03), 0.40-4.83 (3.520.29), and 0.00-2.62 (1.700.20) Cmol\/kg. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) was 2.57-11.00 (8.000.55) Cmol\/kg, while Mn ions were 1.10-19.20 (5.391.25) mg\/g. Fe ions ranged from 70.60 to 233.00 mg\/g (113.598.02), Cu ions from 0.50 to 1.10 mg\/g (0.750.04), and Zn ions from 3.33-6.70 mg\/g (5.750.17). Chemical parameter concentrations differed between the burned and unburned sampling areas. The mean (SE) concentrations of pH, KCl, OC, OM, and Available P at the burnt areas were 4.0 (0.34), 3.21 (0.17), 2.95 (0.48), 4.42 (0.22), and 5.82 (0.58) mg\/g, respectively.. At the burnt areas, mean concentrations of BS, Fe, Zn, CEC, and Mn ions were 31.53 (11.40) percent, 109.12 (7.52) mg\/g, 5.41 (0.27) mg\/g, 8.58 (0.73) Cmol\/kg, and 5.11 (1.80) mg\/g, respectively, and 29.89 (9.54) percent, 118.06 (14.56) mg\/g, 6.10 (0.14) mg\/g, 7.41 ( Cu, Acidity, and Al ion concentrations were 0.800 (0.06) mg\/g, 3.91 (0.43) Cmol\/kg, and 1.75 (0.32) Cmol\/kg, respectively, in burnt locations. Only the mean Zn concentration differed substantially (Sig. Fvalue=0.036) between the burnt and unburnt areas at the p0.05 level using ANOVA. There were also correlation coefficients between the chemical parameters of burned and non-burned soils. Soil sample from Obinze and Ihiagwa after slash burn was slightly acidic whereas that of Eziobodo was within a preferable range for plants. Soil samples from Obinze and Ihiagwa has a low percentage of organic matter and nitrogen and could be conducive for some acid-sensitive crops. However, future research work should investigate the Effects of soil temperature on some soil properties and plant growth.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 44-52\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 January 2023<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. R.F. Njoku<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Management Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B, Owerri Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. C.C. Ejiogu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Management Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B, Owerri Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Duru, C.C.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Management Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B, Owerri Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abeydeera, L. H. U.W., Mesthrige, J.W. and Samarasinghalage, T.I. (2019). 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Soil and Tillage Research, 155, 85\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.still.2015.08.006.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. R.F. Njoku, Dr. C.C. Ejiogu, and Duru, C.C. &#8221; Impact of Slash and Burn Agricultural Practice on Selected Towns of Owerri West Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.44-52 December 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/44-52.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-slash-and-burn-agricultural-practice-on-selected-towns-of-owerri-west-local-government-area-imo-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Impact of Slash and Burn Agricultural Practice on Selected Towns of Owerri West Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cac05f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0cac05f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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elementor-element elementor-element-0cacfe6\" data-id=\"0cacfe6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cad197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cad197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cad272 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cad272\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cad459\" data-id=\"0cad459\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cad5cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cad5cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cad692 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cad692\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cad8c0\" data-id=\"0cad8c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cada51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cada51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Growth response of Rhizophora racemosa G. Meyer seedling in artisanal refining impacted mangrove vegetation, following the application of N.P.K 15:15:15 inorganic fertilizer<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>M. Yabrade, F.B.G. Tanee, G. C. Obute- December 2022 Page No.: 53-58<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cadb51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cadb51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cadd42\" data-id=\"0cadd42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cadef5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0cadef5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The growth response of Rhizophora racemosa seedlings was monitored in a designated artisanal refining-impacted mangrove vegetation in Delta State, Nigeria; following the application of different quantities of N.P.K 15:15:15 inorganic fertilizer. An area of 12.5 m x 6.25 m, was mapped out, demarcated into four treatment Plots-A1 (1000g N.P.K), A2 (1500g N.P.K), A3 (Natural attenuation) and A4 (2000g N.P.K), with a double control (non-polluted) Plot-B, sited 6km away. After treatment, the plots were left fallow for 30 days, after which propagules of Rhizophora racemosa were planted. Vegetative parameters such as leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, plant height, plant girth, leaf length\/leaf width ratio, leaf area, plant dry weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight were observed after 25, 50, 75 and 100 days of planting. Results showed that, the double control Plot-B, recorded the best performance in plant growth parameters among all the treatment options and was significant at P &lt; 0.05. In the remediated plots, Plot- A4, recording the overall best performance and Plot-A2 recording the worst performance. The result indicates that, the application of appropriate quantities of N.P.K 15:15:15 inorganic fertilizer in artisanal refining-polluted mangrove vegetation, is capable of enhancing the growth performance of Rhizophora racemosa seedlings, hence N.P.K 15:15:15 inorganic fertilizer, can be used as remediation material in large scale mangrove remediation projects in the Niger.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 53-58\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 January 2023<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M. Yabrade<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> F.B.G. Tanee<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> G. C. Obute<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Ayotamuno, M.J. and Kogbara R.B., (2005). Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Agricultural Soil at Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Using Different Levels of Nutrient Application. Proc. NIAE, 2005. 27(2), 352-360.\r\n[2] Chindah, A.C., Braide, S.A., Amakiri, J. and Onohurhefe J. (2007). Effect of Crude oil on the Development of Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) Seedling from the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Revista UDO Agricula 7(1): 181-194.\r\n[3] Chorom, M., Sharifi, H.S., Motamedi, H. (2010). Bioremediation of a crude oil-polluted soil by application of fertilizers. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health, Science and Engineering. 7(4), 319 &#8211; 326.\r\n[4] Iqbal, S.A. (2019). Pollution: The Ugly Face of Environment. Discovery Publishing House PVT Limited, New Delhi, second edition. Pp 4-19.\r\n[5] Koul, B. and Taak, P. (2018). Biotechnology Strategies for Effective Remediation of Polluted Sites. Springer Nature Singapore Plc. Ltd. Pp 77-115.\r\n[6] Kraynak, J. and Tetrault, K.W. (2003). The complete idiot\u2019s guide to the oceans. Penguin group Inc., USA. Pp 12-19.\r\n[7] Mensah, S.I., Okonwu, K. and Yabrade, M. (2013). Effects of crude oil application on the growth of mangrove seedlings of Rhizophora racemosa G. Meyer. Asian Journal of Biological Sciences. 10(3):9-23.\r\n[8] NDES, (1996). Niger Delta Environmental Survey: Preliminary Report, First Phase. 1: 1-96.\r\n[9] Newman, A. (2002). Tropical Rain Forest. New York, NY: Checks Books. Pp 6-8.\r\n[10] Ngwu, O. E., &amp; Edeh, V. N. (2018). Effect of varying rates of NPK 15: 15: 15 fertiliser on the physicochemical properties of the soil, growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). International Journal of Plant &amp; Soil Science. 28(4), 1-7.\r\n[11] Nyananyo, B.L. (2006). Plants from the Niger Delta. Onyoma Research Publications. Pp 307-308.\r\n[12] Okoro, C. C. (2009). Biosurfactant-enhanced remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated mangrove swamp. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. 3(1): 63-74.\r\n[13] Phillips, R.C. (2003). The Seagrasses of the Arabian Gulf and Arabian Region. In: Green, E.P. and Short, F.T. (eds.). World Atlas of sea grasses. Berkeley, CA: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, University of California Press. Pp 74-81.\r\n[14] Sandilyan, S. and Kathiresan, K. (2012). Mangrove conservation: A global perspective. Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation. 21: 3523\u20133542.\r\n[15] SDN, (2012). Communities not Criminals:Illegal oil refining in the Niger Delta: trying to understand an informal Economic. Stakeholders Democratic Network Publications, 22 Okoriji, D\/line, Portharcourt, 2012. Pp 5-42.\r\n[16] Tanee, F. B. G., &amp; Kinako, P. D. S. (2008). Comparative studies of biostimulation and phytoremediation in the mitigation of crude oil toxicity in tropical soil. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 12(2), 88-104.\r\n[17] UNEP., (2011). Environmental Assessment of Ogoni Land. United Nations Environmental Programme, USA. Pp 262-263.\r\n[18] Yabrade, M., &amp; Tanee, F. B. G. (2016). Impact of Artisanal Petroleum Refining on Vegetation and Soil Quality: A Case Study of Warri South West Salt Wetland of Delta State, Nigeria. Research Journal on Environment and Toxicology. 8(4), 2-10.\r\n[19] Zabbey, N. and Tanee, F.B.G. (2016). Assessment of asymmetric mangrove restoration trials in Ogoniland, Niger Delta, Nigeria: lessons for the future. Ecological Restoration. 34(3), 245-257.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">M. Yabrade, F.B.G. Tanee, G. C. Obute &#8221; Growth response of Rhizophora racemosa G. Meyer seedling in artisanal refining impacted mangrove vegetation, following the application of N.P.K 15:15:15 inorganic fertilizer&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.53-58 December 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/53-58.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/53-58.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/growth-response-of-rhizophora-racemosa-g-meyer-seedling-in-artisanal-refining-impacted-mangrove-vegetation-following-the-application-of-n-p-k-151515-inorganic-fertilizer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Growth response of Rhizophora racemosa G. Meyer seedling in artisanal refining impacted mangrove vegetation, following the application of N.P.K 15:15:15 inorganic fertilizer<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0caf2a8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0caf2a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb05be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb05be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb0691 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb0691\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb0884\" data-id=\"0cb0884\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb0a18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb0a18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb0ae0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb0ae0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb0d00\" data-id=\"0cb0d00\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb0ec8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb0ec8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Variation Characteristic of Ultraviolet Light and Air Temperature at A Tropical Location in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Usman, A; Sunday, J.A and Olaore, K.O &#8211; December 2022 Page No.: 59-61<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb0fa7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb0fa7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb11c4\" data-id=\"0cb11c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb136d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0cb136d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1331\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1332\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1333\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1334\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1335\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1336\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1331\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">In this study, characteristic variation of ultraviolent light and air temperature were observed, this research work critically analyses some specific days with field data at an experimental site near the Physics\/Electronics Unit Laboratory Ilorin, Nigeria between ultraviolet light and air temperature. For the field observations, an instrumented Meteorological Weather Smart System was set up at an experimental site near the Physics\/Electronics Unit Laboratory Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin for a period of two weeks (18th March-1st April, 2019). The ultraviolet light and air temperature measurement from the Weather Smart System were recorded every 10 seconds and averaged over 2 minutes interval. The sampled data was then stored in the datalogger storage module. After the removal of spurious measurement values, the data stored was further reduced to hourly averages using the Microcal Origin (version 7.0) data analysis software. The results showed that the measured ultraviolent light, UV during the daytime increases until 1200 hrs with maximum value of about 450 Wm-2 and minimum value of about 9 Wm-2 at 800 hrs (DOY 85). The measured air temperature, Ta value of 32.6 0C observed at 1200 hrs (DOY 85), represented the maximum value for the entire period of the study. The value of 193 Wm-2 was observed at1100 hrs (DOY 81), represented the minimum value for the entire period of the study due to the cloudy condition of the sky which reduces the amount of incoming solar radiation reaching the earth surface.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 59-61\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 January 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71203\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71203<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1332\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Usman, A <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology (Physics\/ Electronics Unit), Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sunday, J.A <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology (Physics\/ Electronics Unit), Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olaore, K.O <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology (Physics\/ Electronics Unit), Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1333\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Cutchis, P., 1982: A Formula for Comparing Annual Damaging Ultraviolet (DUV) Radiation Doses at Tropical and Mid-Latitude Sites. In: Calkins J (eds). The Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems. NATO Conference Series, Vol 7, Springer, Boston, MA.\r\n[2] Fleischmann, M., S. Pons, and M. Hawkins, 1989: Measurement of \u03b3 rays from cold fusion. Nature 339, 667 pp.\r\n[3] Frederick, J.E., H.E. Snell, and E.K. Haywood, 1989: Solar Ultraviolet Radiation at the Earth\u2019s Surface. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 50(4): 439-583.\r\n[4] Haigh, J.D., 2007: The Sun and the Earth\u2019s Climate. Living Rev. Sol. Phys. 4, 2.\r\n[5] Holick, M.F., 2012: Vitamin D: extrasekeletal health. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 38(1): 141-160.\r\n[6] Hockberger, P.E., 2002: A history of ultraviolet photobiology for humans, animals and microorganisms. Photochemistry and photobiology. 76 (6): 561-579.\r\n[7] Glynn, P.W., 1993: Coral reef bleaching: ecological perspectives. Coral Reefs 12, 1-17.\r\n[8] Jokiel, P.L., 1980: Solar Ultraviolet radiation and Coral Reef Epifauna. Science. 207 (4435): 1069-1071.\r\n[9] Jokiel, P.L., and R.H.York Jr, 1984: Importance of ultraviolet radiation in photoinhition of microalgal growth. Limnology and Oceanography. 29 (1): 1-223.\r\n[10] Lesser, M.P., and J.M. Shick, 1989: Effects of irradiance and ultraviolet radiation on photoadaptation in the zooxanthellae of Aiptasia pallid: primary production, photoinhition, and enzymic defenses against oxygen toxicity. Mar.Biol. 102, 243-255.\r\n[11] Mainster, M.A., 2006: Violet and blue light blocking intraocular lenses: photoprotection versus photoreception. Br J Ophthalmol. 9 (6): 784-792.\r\n[12] Madronich, S., 1992: Implications of recent total atmospheric ozone measurements for biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth\u2019s Surface. Geophysical Research Letters. 19 (1): 1-12.\r\n[13] Ogden, J., and R. Wicklund, 1988: Mass bleaching of Coral reefs in the Caribbean: a research strategy. NOAA\u2019s Undersea Res Prog, Res Rpt. 51, 2-88.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1334\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Usman, A; Sunday, J.A and Olaore, K.O &#8220;Variation Characteristic of Ultraviolet Light and Air Temperature at A Tropical Location in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.59-61 December 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71203<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1335\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1335\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/59-61.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1336\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1336\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/variation-characteristic-of-ultraviolet-light-and-air-temperature-at-a-tropical-location-in-ilorin-kwara-state-nigeria\/&quot;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Variation Characteristic of Ultraviolet Light and Air Temperature at A Tropical Location in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb273e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb31db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb33a8\" data-id=\"0cb33a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb355e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb355e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb362c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb362c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb37fb\" data-id=\"0cb37fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb3987 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb3987\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb3a4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb3a4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb3c37\" data-id=\"0cb3c37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb3dd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb3dd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb3e99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb3e99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb4090\" data-id=\"0cb4090\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb420f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb420f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Isolation and Characterization of some Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Soil Contaminated with Auto Mechanic Used Oil <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>M. D. Makut, R A. Ogiri, I.K. Ekeleme, J. E. Owuna, J. Eke and S. O. Obiekezie &#8211; December 2022 Page No.: 62-67<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb42d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb42d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb44ee\" data-id=\"0cb44ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb4696 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0cb4696\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1331\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1332\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1333\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1334\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1335\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1336\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1331\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The disposal of used hydrocarbon can be more environmentally damaging than crude oil pollution itself. This study focused on the isolation and characterization of some hydrocarbon degrading bacteria isolated from soil contaminated with auto mechanic used oil in Keffi. The bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological technique and identified using Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The highest total bacteria count was recorded from worrkshop 4 (3.02 \u00b10.08) and the least was from shop 2 (1.61 \u00b1 0.01). The different bacteria species identified were Bacillus thuringiensis, Proteus terrae, Pseudomonas synxantha, Flavobacterium columnare and Acinetobacter beijerinckii. The total viable count of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria was Pseudomonas synxantha with (1.88 \u00b1 0.03 cfu\/g ). The effect of temperature on utilization of used hydrocarbon from mechanic workshops showed that highest utilization was observed at temperature of 32\u2103 were Pseudomonas synxantha utilized 14.01\u00b12.01mg\/ml. At temperature of 34\u2103, the highest utilization was also by Pseudomonas synxantha with 9.38\u00b10.28mg\/ml and the lowest was by Proteus terrae 3.00\u00b10.14mg\/ml. At 38\u2103 the highest utilization was observed by Bacillus thuringiensis 3.95\u00b10.01mg\/ml and the lowest was Pseudomonas synxantha 2.11\u00b10.08mg\/ml. the utilization of used hydrocarbon after one month showed that highest utilization was obtained after 3 weeks by Bacillus thuringiensis 9.60\u00b10.18mg\/ml and the lowest utilization were recorded by Proteus terrae 4.20\u00b11.01mg\/ml. From this study it was observed that different bacteria can utilize used hydrocarbon that contaminate soil.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 62-67\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 January 2023<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1332\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M. D. Makut <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>R A. Ogiri <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>I.K. Ekeleme <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>J. E. Owuna <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>J. Eke <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S. O. Obiekezie <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1333\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Akoachere, J. T. K., Akenji T. N., Yongabi F. N., Nkwelang, G and Ndip, R. N (2008) Lubricating Soil-degrading bacteria in soils from filling stations and auto- mechanic workshops in Buea, Cameroon: occurrence and characteristics of isolates. African Journal of Biotechnology 7 (11), 1700-1706\r\n[2] Abioye, O.P. (2011). Biological Remediation of Hydrocarbon and Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils. IntechOpen, 10:5772-938\r\n[3] Leahy J.G. and Colwell R.R. (1990). Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in the environment. Microbiology Reviews, 54: 305-315\r\n[4] Udeani T.K.C, Oboroh A.A, Okwuosa C.N, Achukwu P.V and Azubike N. (2009). Isolation of bacteria from mechanic workshops soil environment Contaminated with used engine oil; African Journal of Biotechnology, 8:6301-6303\r\n[5] Varjani, S.J. and Upasani, V.N. (2016). Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by oleophilic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514. Bioresource Technology, 222: 195-201\r\n[6] Sarshad, Deepesh Dinesh, Nimsi Shiraf and S. Elvam Arjunan. (2015). Isolation and characterization of hydrocarbon degrading Bacteria. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological sciences, 6:469-478\r\n[7] Marshall, A. G., and Rodgers, R. P. (2004). Petroleomics: the next grand challenge for chemical analysis. Accounts of Chemical Research, 37: 53 \u2013 59\r\n[8] Adams, G. O., Tawari, F. and Igelenyah E. (2015). Bioremediation, Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation. International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Biodegeadation, 3:28-39\r\n[9] Eze, V. Onwakor C. and Orok F. (2014). Microbiological and physiochemical characteristics of ssoil contaminated with used petroleum products in Umuahia. Journal of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 6:281-286\r\n[10] Makut M.D. and P. Ishaya (2010). Bacterial species associated with soils contaminated with used petroleum products in Keffi town, Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research,4: 1698-1702\r\n[11] Fahad A.Al-Dhabaan (2019). morphological, biochemical and molecular identi\ufb01cation of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation bacteria isolated from oil polluted soil in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 1247-1252\r\n[12] Abiola C. and V.O Oyetayo. (2016). Isolation and Biochemical characterization of Microorganisms associated with the fermentation of Kersting\u201ds Groundnut. Research Journal of Microbiology, 11:47-55\r\n[13] Liu H., Yao J., Yuan Z., Shang Y., Chen H., Wang F., Masakorala K., Yu C., Cai M., Blake R.E. and Choi M.M.F. (2014). Isolation and characterization of crude-oil-degrading bacteria from oil-water mixture in Dagang oil field, China. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 87:52\u201359.\r\n[14] Mills, A. L., Breuil, C., and Colwell, R. R. (1978). Enumeration of petroleum-degrading marine and estuarine microorganisms by the most probable number method. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, (24): 552-557\r\n[15] Ekanem, Jonathan Okokon and Ogunjobi, Adeniyi A. (2017). Hydrocarbon degradation potentials of Bacteria isolated from spent lubicating oil contaminated soil. Journal of Applied Sciences and. Environmental Management, 21:973-979\r\n[16] Gayathiri P (2014). Isolation, identification and characterization of Diesel Degrading Bacteria. International Journal of Current Research. 6:7295-7300\r\n[17] Muhammad, R.G., Machido, D.A, Ado, S.A., Atta.H.I, Bello I.A (2019).A Comparism of the Effect of Some Organic Wastes on the Rate of Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated with Spent Engine Oil Using Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrophotometer. Journal of Agriculture &amp; Agricultural Technology; 19 (1) 36-56\r\n[18] Boonchan S, M.L. Britz, and G.A Stanley (2000). Degradation and Mineralization of high\u2013molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by defined fungal\u2013bacterial cocultures. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 66:1007\u20131019\r\n[19] Udeani T.K.C., A. A. Obroh, C.N. Okwosa, P. U Achukwu and N. Azubuike, (2018). Isolation of Bacteria from Mechanic workshops\u2019 soil environment contaminated with used engine oil. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8:6301-6303\r\n[20] Ekanem, J. O and Ogunjobi, A.A. (2017). Hydrocarbon degradation potentials of Bacteria isolated from spent lubicating oil contaminated soil. Journal of Applied Sciences and. Environmental Management, 21:973-979\r\n[21] Boboye B., Olukunle O. and Adetuyi F. (2010). Degradative activity of bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted site in Ilaje, Ondo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4:2484-2491\r\n[22] Sebiomo, A., S. A. Bankole and Awosanya, A.O. (2010). Determination of the ability of microorganisms isolated from mechanic soil to utilize lubricating oil as carbon source. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(21): 2257-2264.\r\n[23] Das N. and Chandran P. (2011). Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminants. Biotechnology Research International, 1-13\r\n[24] Ilori, O; Bola, O; Akinyemi J.O; Adebusoye S.A (2006). Hydrocarbon degrading potentials of bacteria isolated from a Nigeria Bitumen (Tarsand) deposit. Nature and Science, 4:51-57\r\n[25] Atiku, Y. M., Abdulsalam, S. and Muhammad,I.M(2018).Biostimulation of soil contaminated with spent motor oil using Cow dung and Poultry litter in land farming Microcosm. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology vol 12(3). 1-10\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1334\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">M. D. Makut, R A. Ogiri, I.K. Ekeleme, J. E. Owuna, J. Eke and S. O. Obiekezie &#8220;Isolation and Characterization of some Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Soil Contaminated with Auto Mechanic Used Oil &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.62-67 December 2022\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/62-67.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1335\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1335\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-7-issue-12\/62-67.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1336\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1336\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/isolation-and-characterization-of-some-hydrocarbon-degrading-bacteria-isolated-from-soil-contaminated-with-auto-mechanic-used-oil\/&quot;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Isolation and Characterization of some Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Soil Contaminated with Auto Mechanic Used Oil <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb5a5b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0cb5a5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb6a35\" data-id=\"0cb6a35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb6bdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb6bdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb6cac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb6cac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb6e7a\" data-id=\"0cb6e7a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb6ffb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb6ffb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb70c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb70c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb729d\" data-id=\"0cb729d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb7425 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb7425\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Proximate Analysis and Elemental Composition of Some Spiced and Unspiced Food Products Around Bwari Area Council Abuja, FCT <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Jibrin Noah Akoji, Abdullahi Lami Karimatu, Onawo Mohammed Amina    &#8211; December 2022 Page No.: 68-76<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb74e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb74e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb76d4\" data-id=\"0cb76d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb7882 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0cb7882\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1331\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1332\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1333\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1334\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1335\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1336\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1331\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This study was carried out to investigate the Proximate Analysis and Elemental Composition of some Spiced(Spiced millet powder, Spiced dried okra, Spiced Swallow made from unripe plantain and wheat powder, Spiced bean powder) and Unspiced(Millet powder, dried okra, Bean powder and Swallow made from unripe plantain and wheat powder) Food Products from Bwari Area Council Abuja Using AOAC standard methods for the determination of Moisture content, Ash content; crude protein, Crude fibre, Carbohydrate e.t.c. Mineral composition and some trace element were also determined using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometric method and Inductive Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP AES). The average value of the moisture content, the protein content, the fat content, the ash content, the crude fibre, and carbohydrate of all the analysed spiced samples ranged as follows; (7.50-12.00%), (2.19-14.70%),  (0.13 -4.36 %), (0.49 \u2013 16.16%),  (3.36- 6.64%), (69.92 % &#8211; 87.72 %) respectively. Also, the average elemental composition of the samples are in the range of; Fe(11.62 \u2013 27.99 mg\/kg), Mg(26.29 &#8211; 82.18 mg\/kg), Zn(4.20 &#8211; 20.45 mg\/kg), Ca(45.97-103.23 mg\/kg), Mn(1.729 &#8211; 18.734) respectively. The moisture contents of the samples were found to be low thus making them to have a longer shelf life and less open to degeneration and spoilage by the action of mold and other microorganism which flourish well at higher moisture contents. The protein and carbohydrate contents were relatively high compared to other food samples. The mineral and trace metals composition were within the acceptable standards required by the body. This food samples have enough nutritional value to contribute to our health and solve the problem of malnutrition in Nigeria. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 68-76\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 January 2023<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71204<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1332\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jibrin Noah Akoji  <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdullahi Lami Karimatu  <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onawo Mohammed Amina   <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUnique shis Green Products Ltd, Abuja Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1333\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tSalmani, F., Norozi, E., Moodi, M. and Zeinali, T. (2020). Assessment of attitudes \ttoward functional foods based on theory of planned behavior: validation of a questionnaire. Nutritional Journal, 19: 56-58.\r\n[2].\tBornhorst, G.M., Gouseti, O., Wickham, M.S.J. and Bakalis, S. (2016). Engineering \tdigestion: Multiscale processes of food. Concise Reviews in Food Science, 36: \t22-25.\r\n[3].\tWhitney, E. and Rolfes, S.R. (2013). Understanding nutrition, 13th edition. \tWadsworth, cengage learning. Pp 667-670\r\n[4].\tNekemte, E. R., Negussie, D. H., Gulelat , W. and Ashagrie, Z. (2015). Nutritional \tquality and health benefits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A Review. \tAGIRS,6(6): 1-6.\r\n[5].\tKouris-Blazos, A. and Belski, R. (2016). Health benefits of legumes and pulses with \tfocus on Australian sweet lupins. Asian Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, \t21 (1): 1-17.\r\n[6].\tAbolaji, F.B., Edeke, J. E. and Ajoke, M. S. (2019). Evaluation of Chemical, Functional and Sensory Properties of Flour Blends from Sorghum, African Yam Bean and Soybean for Use as Complementary Feeding. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology,4(3): 74-81\r\n[7].\tBourdon, I., Olson, B., Backus, R., Richter, B.D., Davis, P.A. and Schneeman, B.O. \t(2010) Beans, as a source of dietary fiber, increase cholecystokinin and apolipoprotein B48 response to test meals in men. Journal of Nutrition, \t131:1485-1490.\r\n[8].\tPennington, J.A.T. and Fisher, R.A. (2010). Food component profiles for fruit and \tvegetable subgroups. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23:411-418\r\n[9].\tMedina-Ramon, A., Casas, R., Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Ros, E., Martinez-Gonz\u1eadlez, \tM.A., Fit\u020f, M., Corella, D., Salas-Salvado, J., Lamnela-Raventos, R.M. and \tEstruch, R. (2017). Polyphenol intake from a Mediterranean diet decreases inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis: a substudy of the PREDIMED trial. Bristish Journal of Clinical Pharmacology,81 (1): 114-\t128.\r\n[10].\tIbeabuchi, J. C.*, Bede N. E., Kabuo, N. O., Uzukwu, A. E., Eluchie C. N., Ofoedu, C. E. (2017) Proximate composition, functional properties and oil characterization of \u2018Kpaakpa\u2019 (Hildegardia barteri) seed Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Volume 5(1), pages 16-29\r\n[11].\tntipunya, P. and Bhandari, B. R.(2010).    Chemical deterioration and physical instability of food and beverages. Wood head Publishing Series in Food \tSciences, Technology and Nutrition, Pp 663-700\r\n[12].\tFairbanks, V.F. (2007). Iron in medicine and nutrition. In: Shils, M.E., Olson, J.A., Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. editors. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9thedition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &#038; Wilkins. Pp. 193-221\r\n[13].\tEke-Ejiofor, J.(2018) Evaluation of the nutrient content and sensory properties of spiced ogi produced from different cereal blends. Journal of Nutritional Health and Food Science,6(6): 1-8\r\n[14].\tWelch, R. W. (2005). Cereal grains. Encyclopia of Human Nutrition. 2nd edition Pp 346-\t357\r\n[15].\tFirmin, Y. N., Roger, B.K. and Fermande, E. A. (2018). Phytochemical properties and proximate composition of two varieties of driedokra during maturation. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 9(1): 860-869\r\n[16].\tOgunlakin, O. G. and Abioye, F. V. (2014). Evaluation of the quality attributes of \twheat composite (wheat-cassava, wheat-plantain and wheat-rice) flours in bread making. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13(38): 3907-3911\r\n[17].\tAmoasah, B., Appiah, F. and Patrick, K. (2018). Effects of different drying methods on proximate composition of three accessions of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) \tcalyces. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 21(1): 1-8\r\n[18].\tButter, N. (2018). Eating meat for weight loss? These are the healthiest cuts to choose. Medically Reviewed, Pp 5-8\r\n[19].\tMosisa, M. T. (2016). Effect of processing on proximate and mineral composition of \tblack climbing (P. Coccineus L.) bean powder. African Journal of Food \tScience, 11(3): 74-81\r\n[20].\tPreedy, R.V., Patel, V. and Watson, R.R. (2011). Nuts and seeds in health and disease \t\t\tprevention. Nutritional Journal, 12: 28-38.\r\n[21].\tTwinomuhwezi, H., Auchi, C. G. and Rachael, M. (2020).Comparative study of the \tproximate composition and functional properties of composite flours of Amaranth, Rice, Millet, and Soybeans. Food Science, Nutrition, Toxicology and Biochemistry, 3 (12): 123-133\r\n[22].\tShanmugapriya, A. and Nazni, P. (2020). Effect of processing techniques on nutritional, viscosity, and osmolarity of barnyard millet based diarrheal replacement fluids. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 8 (1): 15-\t20\r\n[23].\tOfori, J., Tortoe, C. and Agbenorhevi, J. K. (2020). Physiochemical and functional \tproperties of dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seed flour. Food Science \tand Nutrition, 8 (8): 4291-4296\r\n[24].\tCarroll, N., Wallace, A., Jewell, K., Darlington, G., Ma, D.W.L., Duncan, A.M., Parizeau, K. Massow, M.V. and Haines, J. (2020). Association between diet \tquality and food waste in Canadian families: A cross-sectional study. \tNutritional Journal, 19: 54\r\n[25].\tJibrin Noah Akoji, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas, Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa\u2019ada, Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria, Science Development. Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022 , pp. 117-121. doi: 10.11648\/j.scidev.20220303.16\r\n[26].\tChen, L.W., Fung, S.M., Fox, D., Leong, L.P., Toh, J.Y., Lim, H.X., Pang, W.W., Tan, K.H., Chong, Y.S., Yab, F., Godfrey, K.M., Lee, Y.S. and Chong, M.F. (2019). The development and evaluation of a diet quality index for Asian Toddlers and its perinated correlates. Nutrients,11 (3): 535.\r\n[27].\tAnderson, J.W. and Bridges, S.R. (2008). Dietary fiber content of selected foods. \tAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 47:440-447\r\n[28].\tKumara, M.T., Huiming, Z., Kexue, Z., Amadou, I. and Tarawalie, F. (2009). Comparative study of chemical composition and physiochemical properties of \ttwo varieties of defatted fortail millet flour grown in China. American Journal of Food Technology, 4 (6): 255-267\r\n[29].\tDrewnowski, A. (2013). The Nutrient Rich Foods Index helps to identify healthy, affordable foods. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91:1095-1101.\r\n[30].\tOkoye, J.I. and Ojobor, C.C. (2016). Proximate composition, energy content and sensory properties of complementary foods produced from blends of sorghum \tand African yam bean flour. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 5 (7): 274-277  \r\n[31].\tAdeola Yewande BAMIGBOYE1,*, Oladejo Thomas ADEPOJU, Peter Oluwaseun OLADIPO (2020) Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Mineral Content of some Indigenous Spices Retailed in Ibadan, Nigeria, International Journal of Nutrition; Vol-6 Issue 1 Pg. no.- 20 DOI: 10.14302\/issn.2379-7835.ijn-20-3471\r\n[32].\tSalihu ZO, Umar MA (2014) Heavy metal content of some spices available within FCT-Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Science 4: 66-74.\r\n[33].\tFAO\/WHO (2002) Limit test for heavy metals in food additive specifications. Explanatory note. Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA\r\n[34].\tKumaravel, S., Alagusundaram, K., (2014) Determinationof Mineral Content in Indian Spices by ICP-OES, Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 30(2) (2014) 631-636. \r\n[35].\tUjowundu, C.O.,  Kalu, F.N., Nwosunjoku, E. C.  Nwaoguikpe, R. N.. Okechukwu, R. I. Igwe, K. O Iodine and inorganic mineral contents of some vegetables, spices and grains consumed in Southeastern Nigeria, African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 5(2) (2011) 57 \u2013 64\r\n[36].\tOteiza, P., Mackenzie, G., (2005) Zinc, oxidant-triggered cell signaling and human    health. Molecular Aspect of Medicine, 26 : 245 \u2013 255\r\n[37].\tBalny C and Masson P. \u201cEffects of high pressure on proteins\u201d. Food Reviews International 9.4 (2009): 611-6\r\n[38].\tWHO\/FAO (2010). Summary and Conclusion, joint FAO\/WHO expert committee of food additives. (JECFA\/73\/Sc) 73rd meeting, Geneva.\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1334\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jibrin Noah Akoji, Abdullahi Lami Karimatu, Onawo Mohammed Amina     &#8220;Proximate Analysis and Elemental Composition of Some Spiced and Unspiced Food Products Around Bwari Area Council Abuja, FCT &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-7-issue-12, pp.68-76 December 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2022.71204<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb91b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb939c\" data-id=\"0cb939c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb9513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb9513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb95d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb95d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb97b3\" data-id=\"0cb97b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb9928 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb9928\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb99ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb99ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb9bc0\" data-id=\"0cb9bc0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb9d38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cb9d38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cb9e05 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cb9e05\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb9fcd\" data-id=\"0cb9fcd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cba13b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cba13b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Production of Citric Acid from Aspergilus Niger Nikolas Keith &#8211; December 2022 Page No.: 01-04[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_tabs style=&#8221;modern&#8221; color=&#8221;white&#8221; 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