{"id":8103,"date":"2023-04-20T08:15:32","date_gmt":"2023-04-20T08:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/?page_id=8103"},"modified":"2023-05-22T07:31:47","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T07:31:47","slug":"volume-viii-issue-iv","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/archive\/volume-viii-issue-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VIII Issue IV"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8103\" class=\"elementor elementor-8103 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd7a49d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd7a49d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd7a82d\" data-id=\"fd7a82d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7aa57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd7aa57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Conceptual Framework for Adopting Islamic Banking and Finance in Libya <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ibrahim Khalifa Mohamed Elghwail, Besar Bin Ngah, Fahd Mohammed Obad, Al-Harath Abdulaziz Mohammed Ateik- April 2023 Page No.: 01-10<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd7ab76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd7ab76\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd7addc\" data-id=\"fd7addc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7b014 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd7b014\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The main objective of the current study is conceptualizing a framework about the factors that affect the Islamic Banking and Finance adoption (IBF) in Libya, namely; Knowledge and Awareness, Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived behavioural control, and Religiosity. The researcher will utilize quantitative research methods. Primary data was collected from Beneficiaries of financial services in Libya who are anticipated to use IBF are the focus of the present research project&#8217;s population targeting efforts. A total of 30 respondents were selected for this study. The researcher has found that all of the developed items in the survey questionnaire have scored a sufficient level of Reliability and Validity. Therefore, these results stressed that this framework can be used in an empirical study to extract further results on the relationship between the variables.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-10\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 April 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8401\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8401<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibrahim Khalifa Mohamed Elghwail<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAl MDINAH International University Malaysia (MEDIU)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Besar Bin Ngah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAl MDINAH International University Malaysia (MEDIU)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fahd Mohammed Obad<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAl MDINAH International University Malaysia (MEDIU)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Al-Harath Abdulaziz Mohammed Ateik<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAl MDINAH International University Malaysia (MEDIU)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. 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In Visibilities and Invisibilities in Smart Cities: Emerging Research and Opportunities (pp. 195\u2013220). IGI Global. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-7998-3850-0.ch008\r\n26. Mihajat, M. I. S. (2019). Contemporary practice of Rib\u0101, Gharar and Maysir in Islamic banking and finance. International Journal of Islamic Management and Business, 2 (2), 2(2), 1\u201319.\r\n27. Mohamed, H., &amp; Ali, H. (2018). Blockchain, Fintech, and Islamic finance: Building the future in the new Islamic digital economy (Walter de Gruyter GmbH &amp; Co KG (ed.)). Walter de Gruyter GmbH &amp; Co KG.\r\n28. Muhammad, A., &amp; Chin-Hong, P. (2017). Acceptance of Islamic banking as innovation: a case of Pakistan. Humanomics, 33(4), 499\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/H-11-2016-0085\r\n29. Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. McGraw-Hill Education.\r\n30. Rahman, M., Ming, T. H., Baigh, T. A., &amp; Sarker, M. (2021). 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Hacioglu (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Strategic Fit and Design in Business Ecosystems (pp. 332\u2013353). IGI Global. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-7998-1125-1.ch014\r\n35. Teo, T. S. H., Tan, M., &amp; Buk, W. K. (1997). A contingency model of Internet adoption in Singapore. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 2(2), 95\u2013118.\r\n36. Thambiah, S., Eze, U. C., &amp; Ismail, H. (2011). Customer awareness and current usage of Islamic retail banking products and services in Malaysia. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(10), 667\u2013671.\r\n37. Wardana, M. A., Rahyuda, I. K., Sukaatmadja, I., &amp; Giantari, I. (2021). Antecedents and consequences of intention to become a customer: A case study of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(4), 827\u2013839.\r\n38. Yang, B., Ye, S., &amp; Bandarchi, M. (2020). A new model for investigating the factors influencing the innovation in medical services. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 50(4), 669\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/VJIKMS-07-2019-0114\r\n39. Zairah Ab Rahim, N., &amp; Samuri, N. (2018). Green IT: an Awareness Survey Among Academicians and Administrative Staffs in Malaysian Public Universities. International Journal of Engineering &amp; Technology, 7(3.7), 197\u2013201.\r\n40. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., &amp; Griffin, M. (2013). Business Research Methods (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ibrahim Khalifa Mohamed Elghwail, Besar Bin Ngah, Fahd Mohammed Obad, Al-Harath Abdulaziz Mohammed Ateik &#8220;A Conceptual Framework for Adopting Islamic Banking and Finance in Libya &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.01-10 April 2023\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8401<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/01-10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-conceptual-framework-for-adopting-islamic-banking-and-finance-in-libya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Conceptual Framework for Adopting Islamic Banking and Finance in Libya <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7c573 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd7c573\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-fd7d181\" data-id=\"fd7d181\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7d311 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd7d311\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd7d3e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd7d3e0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd7d5bf\" data-id=\"fd7d5bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7d74a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd7d74a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd7d814 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd7d814\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd7d9f6\" data-id=\"fd7d9f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7db7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd7db7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd7dc45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd7dc45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd7de38\" data-id=\"fd7de38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7dfca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd7dfca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Contribution of Muslim Women in Writing Field: A Survey Based on the Noorul Ain Najmul Husain Works <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>M.N.F. Farhana, M.N.P. Rifasha, P.M.A. Aleeshan, Mohamed Haniffa Mohamed Nairoos- April 2023 Page No.: 11-16<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd7e092 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd7e092\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd7e292\" data-id=\"fd7e292\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7e42f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd7e42f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">In the 21st century, the media is an instrument of vigilance. Historically, women&#8217;s contribution to the media has been marginal. In the 21st century, women&#8217;s contributions in the media industry began to increase after various struggles. As a result women are participating in various media activities. And although women have contributed massively to the success of modern media, men&#8217;s contribution to the media industry is greater than that of women. Moreover, many studies show that the contribution of women has not reached a significant level compared to the contribution of men. Nevertheless, the contributions of women can be particularly observed in the media industry in Sri Lanka. In this background, Kalapusanam Nurul Ain Najmul Husain is seen as one of the Muslim women writers in Sri Lanka not only in the field of poetry, but can also her contribution be seen in various fields like novels, short stories, magazines and newspapers. In this way, this research is a review with the main objective to identify the writing personalities of Kalapusanam Nurul Ain Najmul Husain. And, the study is qualitative and secondary data were used to achieve the task. Particularly the data has been reviewed through books, magazines, journals, internet articles, videos and presented through the narrative method. The study reveals that the personality is a famous writer in various fields such as newspapers, articles, magazines, poetry and short stories. Therefore, we hope that our study will identify the literary contribution of Kalapusanam Nurul Ain Najmul (Husain) and by reading such literary contribution, Muslim women in Sri Lanka will inspire future generations to follow the knowledge of the literary field.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 11-16\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 April 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8402\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8402<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M.N.F. Farhana<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies &amp; Arabic Language, SEUSL\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M.N.P. Rifasha<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies &amp; Arabic Language, SEUSL\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>P.M.A. Aleeshan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies &amp; Arabic Language, SEUSL\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohamed Haniffa Mohamed Nairoos<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenior Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies &amp; Arabic Language, SEUSL.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Sana Anjum, M.J.F. Aaqila, M.M.F, &amp; Minnathul Suheera, M.Y. (2020)&gt;\u201cWomen&#8217;s Contribution in Electronic Media Industry\u201d, (Special Research to Sri lanka) 7th International Symposium South Eastern University Of Sri lanka.\r\n2. Amirthalingam, E.M.R., Kalamani, E.T.R, &amp; Paunandhi, (2015)&gt;\u201cAn Evaluative Study of Feminism&#8217;s Poems &#8211; A Feminist Perspective\u201d.(special Reference to Sri Lanka) the South Eastern University Of Sri Lanka.\r\n3. Noorul Ain-Najmul Husain; (2018).\u201cShining Tarakas\u201d (Study of a Sri Lankan Muslim Writer), Salma Publishing House Simak Mahal.\r\n4. Nayeema Sidheek,; (2013),&#8221;Jnanam (Magazine of Arts and Literature)&#8221;. Wisdom in the 14th house.\r\n5. Mohammed Rameez, M.A, (2015), &#8220;Creative Literature of Sri Lankan Muslims in Contemporary Context&#8221;.kalam journal, volume-v.\r\n6. Jaakulin Bark, (2006)&gt;\u201cMothers-Women Journalists and Their Status\u201d.Issue-06.\r\n7. Mohammed Rameez, M.A,(2016)&gt;&#8221;Eelam Muslim Women&#8217;s Poems: Compilation Perspective&#8221;.(Special Research to Sri Lanka), South Eastern University Arts Research Session.\r\n8. Nayeema Sidheek,; (2013).&#8221;Jnanam (Magazine of Arts and Literature)&#8221;. Wisdom in the 14th house.\r\n9. Weekly Magazine 08, Courageous Poems, Page 06\r\n10. Senthuram, Kalabhushanam Noorul Ain Najmul Husain, Page 08\r\n11. Tamil Murasu, Tithulana Taraka as Harvest of Corona Era, page 06\r\n12. Manjari, Some of the contemporary works are quality but others are not digestible, page 22\r\n13. Mithran Wara Malar, Snooping on individual liberty is unnecessary, page 24\r\n14. Noorul Ain Najmul Husain (2021), \u201cTidulana Taraka\u201d (Study of Writers in Sinhala).\r\n15. Lang, N. \u201cAfterEllen and the Digital Media Bust: Queer Spaces for Women are Disappearing, Even on the Internet.\u201d Salon (2016). Suggests that the lower buying power of queer women is influencing the reduction of media platforms dedicated to queer women\u2019s issues and lived experiences. Retrievedfrom http:\/\/www.salon,com\/2016\/09\/21\/afterellen-and-the-digital-media-bust-queer-spaces-for-women-are-disappearing-even-on-the-internet\/\r\n16. Perera.H. Opatha H.H.D.N.P. Work\u2013Family Balance Of Accounting Professionals in Sri Lanka, Women and Work .2017.Vol.2\r\n17. Sandberg, S. (2014). \u201cSo We Learned in Now What?\u201d TED Talks. SherySandberg, Chief Operating Officer of Facebook, discusses the reactions to \u201c Learn In\u201dand the ways in which women continue to struggle with success. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YraU52j3y8sThe Moderate to Human Development through Islamic Sciences and Arabic Studies\r\n18. Valk.R. Srinivasan., V, (2010). \u201cWork-family balance of Indian women software professionals: A qualitative study\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iimb.2010.10.010Get rights and content\r\n19. Women\u2019s Media Center. (2015). \u201cStatus of Women in the U.S. Media.\u201d Features researchonthegendergapinbroadcast news, the internet, print journalismand wire services.Retrieved from http:\/\/www.womensmediacenter.com\/pages\/2015-statics\r\n20. Yasmin, M., Sohail, A. &amp; Mangrio, R. A. (2015). \u201cRepresentation of Women Victims in Pakistani Medi\u201d, Open Journal of Social Sciences 3(7), 209-219. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.scrip.org\/journal\/Paperinformation.aspx?paperID=57967\r\n21. Kameric,M.&#8221;Women should Represent Women in Media.&#8221;TEDBQ.(2011).TED Talk on the representation of women as victims;and victim blaming culture in media. Retrieved from HTTP:\/\/ www.ted.com\/talks\/Megan kameric women should represent women in media\/transcript?language =en\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">M.N.F. Farhana, M.N.P. Rifasha, P.M.A. Aleeshan, Mohamed Haniffa Mohamed Nairoos &#8220;Contribution of Muslim Women in Writing Field: A Survey Based on the Noorul Ain Najmul Husain Works &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.11-16 April 2023\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8402<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/11-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/contribution-of-muslim-women-in-writing-field-a-survey-based-on-the-noorul-ain-najmul-husain-works\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contribution of Muslim Women in Writing Field: A Survey Based on the Noorul Ain Najmul Husain Works <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7f7da elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd7f7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd7f915 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd7f915\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd7fb14\" data-id=\"fd7fb14\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7fcb2 elementor-widget 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd80539\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd80608 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd80608\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd807e6\" data-id=\"fd807e6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd80980 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd80980\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd80a52 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd80a52\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd80c33\" data-id=\"fd80c33\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd80db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd80db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd80e87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd80e87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd81081\" data-id=\"fd81081\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd81202 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd81202\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Physico-functional Characteristics and Germination Effect on Gelation Property of Flour\/Isolates from Two Varieties (DAS &amp; BS) of Nigerian Cultivated Solojo Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp) <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Olubamike A. ADEYOJU, Henry O. CHIBUDIKE, Bolanle O. OLUWOLE, Kayode O. ADEBOWALE and Chinedum E. CHIBUDIKE- April 2023 Page No.: 17-28<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd812d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd812d5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd814ce\" data-id=\"fd814ce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8167f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd8167f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Influence of Physico-functional Characteristics and Germination Effect on Gelation Property of the floor and isolates from the two varieties (DAS &amp; BS) of Nigeria cultivated solojo cowpeas were investigated. Results show that germination improved the gelation capacity of the FFDAS as it brought the Least Gelation Concentration (LGC) from 4%w\/v to 2%w\/v except for 6 h and 72 h germination; likewise, FFBS had its LGC improve with germination from 4%w\/v to 2%w\/v, except for 6 h. The protein isolates of DAS and BS also had improved LGC with germination, going from 14%w\/v to 6%w\/v and 16%w\/v to 8%w\/v respectively. Gelation property of raw (native\/ control) and germinated Dark-ash Solojo Cowpea (FFDAS, DFDAS, FFBS and DFBS flours; DAS and BS protein isolate) was influenced by germination and physico-functional characteristics. The four flour samples, FFDAS, DFDAS, FFBS and DFBS as well as the two protein isolates exhibited some variations in gelation property. The protein isolates gave stiff paste instead of regular gel, going from, DAS, 18 \u2013 4% and BS, 18 \u2013 6%. Disparity in gelling properties observed, may be as a result of the proportion of diverse components for example proteins, fat and carbohydrate in the various legume flours. The prevalent charges on the exterior of the proteins, which is affected by pH, causes variation in the balance between the polar and non-polar residues, thereby bringing about differences in gelation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 17-28\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 April 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8403\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8403<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olubamike A. ADEYOJU<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProduction, Analytical and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, F.I.I.R.O., Lagos-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Henry O. CHIBUDIKE<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemical, Fiber and Environmental Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bolanle O. OLUWOLE<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, FIIRO, Lagos-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kayode O. ADEBOWALE<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Industrial Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chinedum E. CHIBUDIKE<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Planning, Technology Transfer and Information Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Adebowale, Y.A. and Adebowale, K.O. 2008. Evaluation of the gelation characteristics of Mucuna bean flour and protein isolate. Electronic journal of Environment, Agriculture, Food Chemistry. 7: 3206- 3222.\r\n2. Aremu, M. O., Olaofe, O., Akintayo, E. T. 2007. Functional properties of some Nigerian Varieties of legume seed flours and flour concentration effect on foaming and gelation properties. Journal of Food Technology, 5(2): 109-115.\r\n3. Bara\u0107, M.B., Pe\u0161i\u0107, M.B., Stanojevi\u0107, S.P., Kosti\u0107, A.Z.and \u010cabrilo, S.B. 2015. Techno-Functional Properties of Pea (Pisum sativum) Protein Isolates- A REVIEW APTEFF, 46, 1-269 DOI: 10.2298\/APT1546001B BIBLID: 1450-7188 (2015) 46, 1-18\r\n4. Berghout, J. A. M., Boom, R. M. and Goot, A. J. V. 2014. The potential of aqueous fractionation of lupin seeds for high- protein foods. Food Chemistry, 159, 64- 70\r\n5. Berghout, J. A. M., Pelgrom, P. J. M., Schutyser, M. A. I., Boom, R. M., and van der Goot, A. J. 2015. Sustainability assessment of lupin fractionation processes. Journal of Food Engineering, 150,117e124.\r\n\r\n6. Boye, J. I., Aksay, S., Roufik, S., Rib\u00e9reau, S., Mondor, M., Farnworth, E., and Rajamohamed, S. H. 2010. Comparison of the functional properties of pea, chickpea and lentil protein concentrates processed using ultrafiltration and isoelectric precipitation techniques. Food Research International, 43(2), 537\u2013546. doi: 10.1016\/j.foodres.2009.07.021\r\n7. Butt, M. S. and Batool, R. 2010. Nutritional and Functional properties of some promising Legumes protein isolates. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 9. 4.373-379.\r\n8. Chaparro Acu\u00f1a, S.P; Gil Gonz\u00e1lez J H; Aristiz\u00e1bal Torres I D. 2012. Physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of Vitabosa (Mucuna deeringiana) and Soybean (Glycine max) Ci\u00eanc. Tecnol. Aliment. vol.32 no.1 Campinas\r\n9. Eltayeb, A. S. M., Ali, O.A., Abou-Arab, A A. and Abu-Salem, F M. 2011. Chemical and functional properties of flour and protein isolate extracted from Bambara ground nut (Vigna subterranean). African journal of Food Science 5(2), 82- 90.\r\n10. Horax, R.; Hettiarachchy, N.; Kannan, A. and Chen, P. 2011. Protein extraction optimization, characterisation and functionalities of protein extracted from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) seed. Food Chemistry., 124, 445\r\n11. Kaur M and Singh N. 2007. Characterization of protein isolates from different Indian Chickpea. (Cicer arietium L.). Cultivars. Food Chemistry, 102, 366-34.\r\n12. Khalid I.I, Elharadallou S.B. 2013. Functional Properties of Cowpea (Vigna Ungiculata L. Walp), and Lupin (Lupinus Termis) Flour and Protein Isolates. Journal of Nutrition Food Science 3: 234.\r\n13. Mizubuti, I. Y. et al. 2000. Functional properties of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) flour and protein concentrate. Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutrici\u00f3n, v. 50, n. 3, p. 274-280,\r\n14. Mwasaru, M A., Muhammad, K., Bakar, J., Che Man Y B 2000. Influence of altered Solvent environment on the functionality of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) protein isolate. Food Chemistry 71: 157 \u2013 165.\r\n15. Onimawo, I.A. and Akpojovwo. 2006. Toasting (Dry heat) and Nutritient Composition. Functional properties and anti-nutritional factors of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) flour. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 30:742-753.\r\n16. Raikos, V., Campbell, L. and Euston, S.R. 2007. Rheology and Texture of Hen\u2019s Egg Protein Heat-set Gels as Affected by pH and the Addition of Sugar And\/or Salt. Food Hydrocolloids, 21,. 237\u2013244.\r\n17. Raikos, V., Neacsu, M., Russell, W. and Duthie, G. 2014. Comparative Study of the Functional Properties of Lupin, Green pea, Fava bean, Hemp and Buckwheat Flours as affected by pH. Food Science and Nutrition. 2(6): 802- 810.\r\n18. Rumiyati, A.P. and James V. J. 2012. Effect of Germination on the Nutritional and Protein Profile of Australian Sweet Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Food and Nutrition Science. 3. 621-626.\r\n19. Rusydi, M. R., Noraliza, C. W., Azrina, A. and Zulkhairi, A. 2011. Nutritional changes in germinated legumes and rice varieties. International food Research Journal. 18.705-713.\r\n20. Saavedra, J. P, Guemez-Vera, N., Montanez- soto, J. L, Fernandez-Martinez, M. C and Yenez-Fernandez, J. 2013. Comparative study of functional properties of protein isolates obtained from three lipinus species. Advances in Biorearch: 4(4) 106-116.\r\n21. S\u00f6derberg J. 2013.Functional properties of legume proteins compared to egg proteins and their potential as egg replacers in vegan food Sweden, 2013. 43 p. http:\/\/stud.epsilon.slu.se\/6240\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Olubamike A. ADEYOJU, Henry O. CHIBUDIKE, Bolanle O. OLUWOLE, Kayode O. ADEBOWALE and Chinedum E. CHIBUDIKE &#8220;Influence of Physico-functional Characteristics and Germination Effect on Gelation Property of Flour\/Isolates from Two Varieties (DAS &amp; BS) of Nigerian Cultivated Solojo Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp) &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.17-28 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8403<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/17-28.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-physico-functional-characteristics-and-germination-effect-on-gelation-property-of-flour-isolates-from-two-varieties-das-bs-of-nigerian-cultivated-solojo-cowpea-vigna-unguiculata-l-w\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of Physico-functional Characteristics and Germination Effect on Gelation Property of Flour\/Isolates from Two Varieties (DAS &amp; BS) of Nigerian Cultivated Solojo Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp) <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd82a51 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd82a51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd83472 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd83472\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd83654\" data-id=\"fd83654\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd837ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd837ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd838cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd838cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd83aac\" data-id=\"fd83aac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd83c44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd83c44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd83d11 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd83d11\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd83f03\" data-id=\"fd83f03\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8408d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd8408d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd84156 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd84156\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd84361\" data-id=\"fd84361\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd844ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd844ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Industrial Propagation of <i>Phalaenopsis sp.<\/i> by Bioreactor Technique <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Tran Van Minh- April 2023 Page No.: 29-39<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd845b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd845b8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd847c5\" data-id=\"fd847c5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8495e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd8495e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Protocorm like bodies (PLB) were used as planting materials. Somatic embryo callus were initiated on medium supplemented with NAA (1mg\/l) or 2.4D (1mg\/l). Somatic cell suspension were cultured for initiation and for proliferation. on medium MS supplemented with NAA (1mg\/l) and NAA (0.5mg\/l). The volume of somatic cell suspension for bioreactor cultivation was 20%. Somatic embryo suspension were cultured in bioreactor for initiation and proliferation on the medium MS supplemented with NAA (0.5mg\/l). Embryogenic suspension was stimulated on the medium MS supplemented with BA (0.5mg\/l) + NAA (0.1mg\/l). In vitro shoots of phalaenopsis were regeneration on the medium MS supplemented with BA (0.5mg\/l) + NAA (0.1mg\/l). Plantlets were enhanced growth and development in immersion-bioreactor cultivation by sinking\/rising floated 1min\/4hrs. Temperature, light intensity and stirring in stirring-bioreactor cultivation were favored at 26+2oC, 11,1-22,2\u03bcmol\/m2\/s, and 30rpm. Micropropagation of phalaenopsis sp. by bioreactor technique was set up to produce 7,580 plantlets per one liter of somatic embryogenesis.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 29-39\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 April 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8404\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8404<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tran Van Minh<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProduction, Analytical and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, F.I.I.R.O., Lagos-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Morel, G., (1974). Clonal multiplication of orchids. In: Withers CL (ed): The orchid: scientific studies. Wiley, 169-172.\r\n2. Evans, D.A., Sharp, W.R., and Flick, C.E., (1981). Growth and behavior or cell cultures: embryogenesis and organogenesis. In: Thorpe TA (ed.): Plant Tissue Culture. Methods and Applications in Agriculture. Academic Press, 45-114.\r\n3. Aitken-Christie, J., Kozai, T., and Smith, MAL., (1994). Automation and environmental control in plant tissue culture. Kluwer.\r\n4. Shakti M., Goel M.K., Kukreja A.K., and Mishra B.N. (2007). Efficiency of liquid culture systems over conventional micropropagation: A progress towards commercialization. African J Biotechnology (13):1484-1492.\r\n5. Son, S.H., Choi, S.M., Yun, S.R., Kwon, U.W., Lee, Y.H., and Paek, K.Y., (1999). Large scale culture of plant cell and tissue by bioreactor system. J Plant Biotech (1):1-7.\r\n6. Takayama, S., and Akita, M. (1998). Bioreactor techniques for large-scale culture of plant propagules. Adv Hort Sci (12):93-100.\r\n7. Chu, C.Y., and Tsai, W.T., (2006). USPatent 7073289: Process for producing orchid seedlings by static liquid culture, http:\/\/www.patentstorm.us\/patents\/7073289-fulltext.html\r\n8. Park, S.Y., Yeung, E.C., and Chakrabarty, D., (2002). An efficient direct induction of PLB from leaf subepidermal cells of Doritaenopsis hybrid using thin-section culture. Plant Cell Report (21):46-51.\r\n9. Chung, H.H., Chen, J.T., and Chang, W.C., (2005). Cytokinin induce direct somatic embryogenesis of Dendrobium chiengmai Pink and subsequent plant regeneration. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol \u2013 Plant (41):765-769.\r\n10. [Murashige, T., and Skoog, R., (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. (15):431-497.\r\n11. Shri Mohan Jain, Jameel M. Al-Khayri, and Dennis V. Johnson (2011). Date Palm Biotechnology, Springer\r\n12. Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide, Walter Preil (2005). Liquid culture system for in vitro plant propagation, Springer\r\n13. Lian M. L. , Chakrabarty D., and Paek K. Y. (2003). Bulblet Formation from Bulbscale Segments of Lilium Using Bioreactor System. Biologia plantarum (46), 199-203\r\n14. Etienne H., and Berthouly M. (2002). Temporary immersion systems in plant micropropagation. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (69), 215-231\r\n15. Niemenak N., Saar-Surminski K., Rohsius C., Ndoumou D. O., and Lieberei R. (2008). Regeneration of somatic embryos in Theobroma cacao L. in temporary immersion bioreactor and analyses of free amino acids in different tissues. Plant Cell Report (27), 667-676\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tran Van Minh &#8220;Industrial Propagation of <i>Phalaenopsis sp.<\/i> by Bioreactor Technique &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.29-39 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8404<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/29-39.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/industrial-propagation-of-phalaenopsis-sp-by-bioreactor-technique\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Industrial Propagation of <i>Phalaenopsis sp.<\/i> by Bioreactor Technique <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd85d46 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd85d46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" 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data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd86f38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd86f38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd86ffe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd86ffe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd871de\" data-id=\"fd871de\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8735c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd8735c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8741f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8741f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd8762b\" data-id=\"fd8762b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd877b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd877b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Mathematical Model and Simulation of Blood Flow Dynamics in Renal Interlobar Artery of Patients with Human immunodeficiency Virus <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abubakar, U., Ugwu, A. C., Tivde, T. and Mbah, GCE- April 2023 Page No.: 40-54<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8787b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8787b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd87a85\" data-id=\"fd87a85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd87c2d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd87c2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Mathematical models were developed considering wall movement, blood pulsation and flow dynamics of the blood in the interlobar artery. The formulated models were based on the fact that the motion of blood vessel wall is not only influenced by pulsation, but also other physiological processes like heartbeat, breathing, and body posture. The Newton\u2019s second Law of motion was employed in assembling the forces acting on the interlobar artery. The wall shear stress (WSS) was studied alongside, arterial walls to study the actual flow dynamics and investigate the blood flow behaviour. The results of the study were presented on both two \u2013 dimensional (2D) and three (3D) \u2013 dimensional graphs showing a more realistic interaction between the arterial wall and the blood flow in patients with HIV\/AIDS. It was deduced that the blood flow velocity decreased with time across the varying frequency from 0.20Hz to 0.50Hz in the interlobar arterial channel.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 40-54\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 April 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8405\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8405<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar, U.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Radiography, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ugwu, A. C.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Adzikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tivde, T.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mbah, GCE<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Sidi, M., Ugwu, A. C., England, A., Manafa, P. O., Dambatta, A. H., Zira, J. D., \u2026 Mansur, U. Renal Doppler indices and their correlation with laboratory indices of human immunodeficiency virus seropositive adult individuals. Radiography, 2021; 27(4):1014-1020.\r\n2. Barisoni, L., Bruggeman, L, A., Mundel, P., D\u2019Agati, V, D., and Klotman, P, E. HIV- 1 induces renal epithelial dedifferentiation in a transgenic model of HIV- associated nephropathy. Kidney International 2000; 58:173-181.\r\n3. Avila- Casado, M, C., Fortoul T, I., Chugh S, S. HIV- Associated Nephropathy: Experimental Models. Contributions to Nephrology 2011; 169: 270-285.\r\n4. Texon, M. A hemodynamic concept of atherosclerosis, with particular reference to coronary occlusion. AMA Archives of Internal Medicine 1997; 99 (3): 418-427.\r\n5. Caro, C. G., Fitz-Gerald J. M., and Schroter, R. C. Atheroma and arterial wall shear observation, correlation and proposal of a shear dependent mass transfer mechanism for atherogenesis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological sciences 1971; 177(46): 109-159.\r\n6. Fry, D. L. Acute vascular endothelial changes associated with increased blood velocity gradients. Circulation Research 1968; 22(2): 165\u2013197.\r\n7. Liepsch, D. An introduction to biofluid mechanics-basic models and applications, Journal of Biomechanics 2002; 35(4): 415\u2013435.\r\n8. Ismail, A., Ademola, B. L., Yusuf, L., Abdulmalik, M. A. Renal arterial Doppler velocimetric indices among healthy subjects in north west Nigeria. Journal of West African College Surgery 2018; 8(1): 40-49.\r\n9. Okoye, I. J., Agwu, K. K., Idigo, F. U. Normal sonographic renal length in adult southeast Nigerians. African Journal of Medical Sciences 2005; 34(2): 129-131.\r\n10. Maaji, S. M., Daniel, O., Adamu, B. Sonographic measurement of renal dimensions of adults in North-western Nigeria: a preliminary report. Sub-Saharan Afr J Med, 2015; 2: 123-127.\r\n11. Leonardo, S., and Simeone, A. Doppler ultrasound in kidney diseases: a key parameter in clinical long-term follow-up. Journal of Ultrasound 2016; 19(4): 243-250.\r\n12. Leoncini, V, G., Derchi, L, E., Pontremoli, R. Ultrasound Doppler renal resistive index: a useful tool for the management of the hypertensive patient Francesca. Journal of Hypertension, 2014; 32: 149-153.\r\n13. Von Reutern., G. and Von Budingen., H. Ultrasound Diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Disease: Doppler sonography of the extra- and intracranial arteries duplex scanning. Stuttgart : Thieme, Barcelona, Spain 1994; 46:\r\n14. Yoneyama., K. Saito., K. Sugihara., H. Ultrasound diagnosis of cerebral vascular disease-supplementary presentation with special reference to intracranial vessels. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1995; 35(12):1585-1587.\r\n15. Qinghui., Z. Yufeng., Z. Yi., Z. Kun., Z. Kexin., Z. Lian., G. An Ultrasound Simulation Model for the Pulsatile Blood Flow Modulated by the Motion of Stenosed Vessel Wall. BioMed Research International 2016; 16: 1\u201316.\r\n16. Schlaikjer., M. Torp-Pedersen., S. and Jensen., J. A. Simulation of RF data with tissue motion for optimizing stationary echo cancelling filters, Ultrasonics 2003; 41(6): 415-419.\r\n17. Hoogstraten., H. W. Kootstra., J. G. Hillen., B. Krijger., J. K. B. and Wensing., P. J. W. Numerical simulation of blood flow in an artery with two successive bends. Journal of Biomechanics 1996; 29(8):1075-1083.\r\n18. Oung., H. and Forsberg., F. Doppler ultrasound simulation model for pulsatile flow with non axial components. Ultrasonic Imaging 1996; 18(3): 157-172.\r\n19. Botnar., R. Rappitsch., G. Scheidegger., M. B. Liepsch., D. Perktold., K and Boesiger., P. Hemodynamics in the carotid artery bifurcation: a comparison between numerical simulations and in vitro MRI measurements. Journal of Biomechanics 2000; 33(2): 137-144.\r\n20. Buriev., B. Kim., T. and Seo., T. Fluid-structure interactions of physiological flow in stenosed artery. Korea Australia Rheology Journal 2009; 21(1): 39-46.\r\n21. Tang., D. Yang., C. Walker., H. Kobayashi., S. and Ku., D.N. Simulating cyclic artery compression using a 3D unsteady model with fluid-structure interactions. Computers and Structures, 2002; 80 (21): 1651-1665.\r\n22. Tang., D. Yang., C. Kobayashi., S. Zheng., J. and Vito., R.P. Effect of stenosis asymmetry on blood flow and artery compression : a three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction model. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2003; 31(10): 1182-1193.\r\n23. Belzacq., T. Avril., S. Leriche., E. and Delache., A. A numerical parametric study of the mechanical action of pulsatile blood flow onto axisymmetric stenosed arteries. Medical Engineering and Physics 2012; 34 (10): 1483-1495.\r\n24. Liand., Z. Kleinstreuer., C. Blood flow and structure interactions in a stented abdominal aortic aneurysm model. Medical Engineering and Physics, 2005; 27(5): 369-382.\r\n25. Valencia and F. Baeza, \u201cNumerical simulation of fluid\u2013 structure interaction in stenotic arteries considering two layer non linear anisotropic structural model. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2009; 6(2): 137-142, 2009.\r\n26. Valencia., A. and Villanueva., M. Unsteady flow and mass transfer in models of stenotic arteries considering fluid-structure interaction. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2006; 33(8): 966-975.\r\n27. Schlaikjer., M. Torp-Pedersen., S and Jensen., J.A. Simulation of RF data with tissue motion for optimizing stationary echo cancelling filters. Ultrasonics 2003; 41(6): 415-419.\r\n28. Schlaikjer., M. Petersen., S.T. Jensen., J.A. and Stetson., P.F. Tissue motion in blood velocity estimation and its simulation. Proceedings of the International Ultrasonics Symposium 1998; 1495-1500.\r\n29. Swillens., A. L\u00f8vstakken., L. Kips., J. Torp., H. and Segers., P. Ultrasound simulation of complex flow velocity fields based on computational fluid dynamics, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 2009; 56(3): 546-556\r\n30. Swillens., A. Degroote., J. Vierendeels., J. Lovstakken., L. and Segers., P. A. Simulation environment for validating ultrasonic blood flow and vessel wall imaging based on fluid-structure interaction simulations: ultrasonic assessment of arterial distension and wall shear rate. Medical Physics 2010; 37(8): 4318\u20134330.\r\n31. Swillens., A. De Schryver., T. L\u00f8vstakken., L. Torp., H. and Segers., P. Assessment of numerical simulation strategies for ultrasonic colour blood flow imaging, based on a computer and experimental model of the carotid artery. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2009; 37(11): 2188-2199.\r\n32. Balocco., S. Basset., O. Azencot., J. Tortoli., P. and Cachard., C. 3D dynamic model of healthy and pathologic arteries for ultrasound technique evaluation. Medical Physics 2008; 35(12): 5440-5450.\r\n33. Swillens., A. Segers., P. and Lovstakken., L. Two-dimensional flow imaging in the carotid bifurcation using a combined speckle tracking and phase-shift estimator: a study based on ultrasound simulations and in vivo analysis,\u201d Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 2010; 36(10): 1722-1735.\r\n34. Apelt, K., Bijkerk, R., Lebrin F., Rabelink, T. J. Imaging the Renal Microcirculation in Cell Therapy. Cells 2021, 10, 1087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10051087\r\n35. Hernandez, G. E., &amp; Leduc, J. A. V. The Correlation Between Interlobar Artery Diameter and the Systolic Pressure of Pulmonary Artery in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest, 2011, 140(4):709A. doi:10.1378\/chest.1119484\r\n36. Sharma A, et al. (2018) Modulation of the Formation of A\u03b2- and Sup35NM-Based Amyloids by Complex Interplay of Specific and Nonspecific Ion Effects. J Phys Chem B 122(19):4972-4981\r\n37. Olowoyeye, O. A., Gar-Wai Chiu, S. E., Wright, G. A. and Moody, A. R. Analysis of the Velocity Profile of the Popliteal Artery and Its Relevance During Blood Flow Studies, Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Volume 33 (6): 489-497, November\/December 2017.\r\n38. Shiva Manjunath R. G. and Rana, A. Nanotechnology in Periodontal Management, 2015, 6(1): 1 \u2013 8\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abubakar, U., Ugwu, A. C., Tivde, T. and Mbah, GCE &#8220;Mathematical Model and Simulation of Blood Flow Dynamics in Renal Interlobar Artery of Patients with Human immunodeficiency Virus &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.40-54 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8405<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/40-54.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/mathematical-model-and-simulation-of-blood-flow-dynamics-in-renal-interlobar-artery-of-patients-with-human-immunodeficiency-virus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mathematical Model and Simulation of Blood Flow Dynamics in Renal Interlobar Artery of Patients with Human immunodeficiency Virus <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8903e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd8903e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd89970 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd89970\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd89a3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd89a3e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd89c0e\" data-id=\"fd89c0e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd89db4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd89db4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd89e84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd89e84\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd8a054\" data-id=\"fd8a054\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8a1ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd8a1ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8a2b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8a2b8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd8a493\" data-id=\"fd8a493\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8a61d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd8a61d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8a6e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8a6e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd8a8dc\" data-id=\"fd8a8dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8aa69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd8aa69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Study of The Hole Barrier of Kanthal on Silicon Using Current \u2013 Voltage Characteristics <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>S. P. Kashinje- April 2023 Page No.: 55-61<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8ab30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8ab30\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd8ad1c\" data-id=\"fd8ad1c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8aebd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd8aebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">We report fabrication of a kanthal pSi diode and a study of its hole barrier by Current \u2013 Voltage characteristics. The diode fabrication was done by sputter-depositing a kanthal film on a single crystalline p \u2013 type Si in the &lt;111&gt; orientation. Kanthal is a metal alloy consisting of 70.6% Iron, 24.1% Chromium, 4.8% Aluminum and 0. 5% Co. The hole barrier on kanthal was determined by I \u2013 V characteristics to be \u0424Bh=0.66\u00b10.03 eV. The Rutherford Back Scattering Analysis shows that the composition of the sputtered kanthal films and the parent target are the same.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 55-61\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 April 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8406\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8406<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S. P. Kashinje<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSt. Joseph University in Tanzania, College of Engineering and Technology (SJCET), P. O. Box 11007, Dar Es Salaam, TANZANIA\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Bulten \u2013 Kanthal AB, Kanthal Division, 2016. Avd. f\u04e7r metallurgisk Utveckling, Sverige.\r\n2. Monch, W. [1990] Rep. Prog. Phys. (UK) 53, 221\r\n3. Rhoderick, E.H. and Williams, R.H. 1988. Metal-Semiconductor Contacts. 48, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 20.\r\n4. Ringwood, J. V. Shane Lynn, Giorgio Bacelli, Beibei Ma, Emanuele Ragnoli, and Sean McLoone, 2010. Estimation and Control in Semiconductor Etch: Practice and Possibilities. IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing, 23, no. 1.\r\n5. Sze, S.M [1981] \u201cPhysics of Semiconductor Devices\u201d (2nd edition, Wiley New York)\r\n6. Watanabe, J. G. Yu, etal 2005. High Precision Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Highly Boron doped Silicon Wafer used for Epitaxial Substrate. Precision Engineering 29:151- 156.\r\n7. Vu Duc Phu, Le Hong Khiem, Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, A. P. Kobzev and M. Kulik. 2016. Analytical Possibilities of Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis Methods. Communications in Physics, 26, No. 1, pp. 83-92\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">S. P. Kashinje &#8220;A Study of The Hole Barrier of Kanthal on Silicon Using Current \u2013 Voltage Characteristics &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.55-61 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8406<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/55-61.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-study-of-the-hole-barrier-of-kanthal-on-silicon-using-current-voltage-characteristics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Study of The Hole Barrier of Kanthal on Silicon Using Current \u2013 Voltage Characteristics <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8c2a8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd8c2a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8d0e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8d0e7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd8d2bc\" data-id=\"fd8d2bc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8d44d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd8d44d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8d51e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8d51e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd8d6ed\" data-id=\"fd8d6ed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8d877 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd8d877\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8d949 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8d949\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd8db42\" data-id=\"fd8db42\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8dcc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd8dcc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Linear models for Predicting body weight in crossbred chickens <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>U.C. Isaac, A. I. Adeolu- April 2023 Page No.: 62-70<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8dda3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8dda3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd8dfa7\" data-id=\"fd8dfa7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8e161 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd8e161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Prediction of body weight with linear body measurements of 531day-old crossbred chickens was determined by stepwise regression analysis for mixed sexes at 4 and 8 weeks and separate sexes at 12, 16 and 20 weeks. Shank length was the best single predictor of body weight in Isa Brown x naked neck (IBxNa) at 4 weeks (coefficient of determination, R2 = 65%) and in feathered x Isa Brown (FxIB) at 8 weeks (R2 = 96%). In males, body weight was best predicted by drumstick length (DL) in IBxNa (R2 = 90%) at 12 weeks and in Isa Brown x frizzle feathered (IBxF) at 16 (R2 = 85%) and 20 (R2 = 81%) weeks. The best single predictors of body weight in females were body length (BL) (R2 = 91%), body girth (BG) (R2 = 90%) and body width (BW) (R2 = 90%) in naked neck x Isa Brown (NaxIB) at 12, 16 and 20 weeks, respectively. The best partial predictors of body weight were BG and wing length at 4 weeks (R2 =97%) and BG, BL and keel length (KL) at 8 weeks (R2 =97%) in IBxF; BW and DL (R2 =76%) in normal feathered x Isa Brown (NxIB) males at 16 weeks and BW and DL (R2 =97%) in NxIB females at 20 weeks. The higher R2 values obtained in the models for females made prediction of their body weight more accurate than that of the males. In general, the R2 of mixed sexes ranged from 50-97% and 62-97% at 4 and 8 weeks and for males and females, it ranged from 50-90% and 57-91%; 51-85% and 53-90%; 49-81% and 51-90% at 12, 16 and 20 weeks, respectively. Body weight was best predicted at 8 weeks, and irrespective of genotype, sex and age, the best predictors in single or partial state were BG, BL, KL, BW and DL.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 62-70\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 April 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8407\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8407<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>U.C. Isaac<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Animal Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>A. I. Adeolu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Agriculture (Animal Science Programme), Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Adenaike, A.S., Akpan, U. and Ikeobi, C.O.N. (2015). Principal Components Regression of Body Measurements in Five Strains of Locally Adapted Chickens in Nigeria. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science 48(4): 217-225.\r\n2. Adedibu, I.I. and Ayorinde, K. L. (2011). Sexual dimorphism in predicting body weight of two broiler strains. Nigerian Journal Animal Science, 13:11-22.\r\n3. Agostinelli, C. (2002). Robust stepwise regression, Journal of Applied Statistics 29 (6), 825-840\r\n4. Agomy, A., Abdel-Moneim A.Y., Abd- Allo, M.S., Abdel-Mageed, I. I. and Sahmawi, G. M. (2015). Using linear body measurements to predict body weight and carcass characteristics of three Egyptian Fat-Tailed Sheep breeds. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10 (7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/ajava.2015.335.344\r\n5. Ajayi, F., Ejiofor, O. and Ironkwe, M.O. (2008). Estimation of body weight from linear body measurements in two commercial meat-type chicken. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(1). Doi: 10.4314\/gjass.v711.2361.\r\n6. Akanno, E.C., Ole, P.K., Okoli, I.C. and Ogundu, U. E. (2007). Performance characteristics and prediction of body weight of broiler strains using linear body measurements. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of Nigerian Society Animal Production Pp.162-164.\r\n7. Al-Marzooqi, W., Al-Maskari, Z.A.S., Johnson, E, Al-kharousi, K., Mahgoub, O., Al-Saqri, N. M. and El Tahir, Y. (2019). Comparative evaluation of growth performance. Meat quality and intestinal development of indigenous and commercial chicken strains. International Journal of Poultry Science, 18(4):174-180. https\/doi.org\/10.3923\/ijps.2019.174.180\r\n8. Ashwini, J.P., Sanjay, P., Amipara, G. J., Lunagariya, P. M., Parmar, D. J. and Rank, D. N. (2019). Prediction of body weight based on body measurements in crossbred cattle. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20546\/ijcmas.2019.803.186.\r\n9. Assan, N. (2015). Methodology and factors influencing the association of body weight, performance parameters with linear body measurements assessment in poultry. Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 4(10): 200- 210. Doi: 10.14196\/sjpas.v4i10.1950\r\n10. Benxi, K., Tshilate, T. S., Netshipale, A. J. and Mahlako, K. T. (2015). Effects of genotype and sex on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 47(7):1225-31. doi: 10.1007\/s11250-015-0850-3.\r\n11. Bene, S., Nagy, B., Nagy, L., Kiss, B., Polgar, J. P. and Szabo F. (2007). Comparison of body measurements of beef cows of different breeds. Arch. Tierz. Dummerstorf, 50, 363\u2013373.\r\n12. Birteeb, F. T. and Ozoje, M. O. (2012). Prediction of live body weight from linear measurements of West African Long-legged and West African Dwarf sheep in Northern Ghana. Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research, 2(5):427-434.\r\n13. Chatterjee, S., Hadi A. S. and Price, B. (2000). Regression analysis by example. John Willie &amp; Sons, Inc, New York.\r\n14. Dingwell, R. T., Wallace, M. M., McLaren, C. J., Lestic, C. F. and Leslie, K. E. (2006). As evaluation of two indirect methods of estimating body weight in Holstein calves and heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 3992-3998.\r\n15. Dzungwe, J. T., Gwaza, D. S. and Egahi, J. O. (2018). Statistical modeling of body weight and linear measurements of the French broiler guinea fowl in the humid Tropics of Nigeria. Poultry, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 6:197. Doi: 10.4172\/2375-446X.1000197\r\n16. FAO. (2012). Phenotypic characterization of animal genetic resources. Food and Agriculture Organisation Animal Production and Health Guidelines No. 11. Rome.\r\n17. Francis, J., Sibanda, S. and Kristensen, T. (2002). Estimating body weight of cattle using linear body measurements. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 33(1):15-21 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/zvj.v33i1.5297\r\n18. Gambo, D., Momoh, O. M., Dim, N. I. and Kosshak, A. S. (2014). Body parameters from linear body measurements in Coturnix quail. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 26 Article number 110. http:\/www.lrrd.org\/lrrd26\/6\/daub26110.html.\r\n19. Gunawan, A. and Jakaria, (2010). Application of linear body measurements for predicting weaning and yearling weight of Bali Cattle. Animal Production, 12(3):163-168.\r\n20. Heinrichs, A. J., Erb, H. N., Rodgers, G. W., Cooper, J. B. and Jones, C. M. (2007). Variability in Holstein heifer heart-girth measurements and comparison of prediction equation for live weigh. Prev of Veterinary Medicine, 78: 333-338.\r\n21. IBM SPSS (2011). International Business Machine Statistical Package for Social Sciences. IBM Corp Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20.0. Armonk, NY. IBM Corp.\r\n22. Isaac, U. C., Ibe, S. N. and Okonkwo, J.C. (2020). Effect of genotype on egg production traits of main and reciprocal crossbred Isa Brown and local chickens. Proceedings of 25th Annual Conference of Animal Science of Nigeria, (ASAN) 2020, Abuja, Nigeria. Pp 11-14.\r\n23. Isaac, U. C. and Obike, M. O. (2020). Phenotypic correlations between body weight and egg production traits of local chicken genotypes in humid tropical rain forest of Umudike. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences 9(3): 128-133.\r\n24. Isaac, U.C (2020). Phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations between body weight and linear body traits of chicken genotypes. Agrobiological Records.4: 32-43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47278\/journal.abr\/2020.026\r\n25. Keskin, S., Daskiran, I., Kor, A. (2007). Factor analysis scores in a multiple linear regression models for the prediction of carcass weight in Akkeci kids. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 31: 201-204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09712119.2007.97\r\n26. Lukuyu, M. N., Gibson, J. P., Savage, D. B., Duncan, A. J., Mujibi, F. D. N. and A. M. Okeyo, A. M. (2016). Use of body linear measurements to estimate live weight of crossbred dairy cattle in smallholder farms in Kenya. SpringerPlus, 5:63 doi: 10.1186\/s40064-016-1698-3\r\n27. NRCRI (2008). Annual Report, National Root Crops Research Institute. Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.\r\n28. Nosike, R. J. Onunkwo, D. N. Obasi, E. N., Amaraduruonye, W., Ukwu, H. O., Nwakpu, O. F., Ezike, J. C. and Chijioke, E. I. (2017). Prediction of body weight with morphometric traits in some broiler chicken strains. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 44(3): 15-22.\r\n29. Nwaogwugwu, U. C., Obike, O. M., Udoh, U. H. (2018). Comparative evaluation of egg production and egg quality characteristics of panda white and cinnamon brown strains of Japanese quail. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 21(1): 3534-3540.\r\n30. Petrus, N. P., Kangootui, K., Kandiwa, E., Madzingira, O. and Mushonga, B. (2019). Relationship of age and live weight to linear body traits in females intensively reared Boschveld Chicken in Namabia. International Journal of Poultry Science, 18(10): 483-491. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/ijps.2019.483.491.\r\n31. Sam, I., Ekpo, J., Ukpanah, U., Eyoh, G, and Warrie, M. (2016). Relationship between Linear Body Measurement and Live Body Weight in West African Dwarf Goats in Obio Akpa. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 6(16):118-124.\r\n32. Sanda, A. J., Olowofeso, O., Adeleke, M. A, Oso, A. O., Durosaro, S. O. and Sandra, M. O. (2014). Heritability and repeatability estimates of some measurable traits in meat type chickens reared for ten weeks in Abeokuta, Nigeria. International Journal of Biological, Veterinary, Agricultural and Food Engineering 8(7):170-173.\r\n33. Semakula, J., Lusembo, P., Kugonza, D. R., Mutetikka, D., Ssennyonjo, J. and Mwesigwa, M, (2011). Estimation of live body weight using zoometrical measurements for improved marketing of indigenous chicken in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 23 (8). Assessed at https:\/\/www.lrrd.org\/lrrd23\/8\/cont2308.htm\r\n34. Shafey, T. M., Alodan, M. A., Hussein, E. O. S. and Al-Batshan, H. A. (2013). The effect of sex on the accuracy of predicting carcass composition of Ross broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 23(4):975-980.\r\n35. Tahtali, Y. (2019). Use of factor scores in multiple regression analysis for estimation of body weight by certain body measurements in Ramanov Lambs. Peer Journal, 7:e7434 http:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.7434\r\n36. Ukwu, H. O., Okoro, M. O. V. and Nosike, R. J. 2014. Statistical modeling of body weight and linear body measurements in Nigerian indigenous chickens. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7: 27-30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9790\/2380-07152730\r\n37. Vincent, S. T., Yakubu, A., Momoh, O. M. and OEgahi, J. (2015). Linear estimation tapes from predictive models for matured normal feathered Nigerian indigenous chickens. Livestock research for Rural Development, 27, article number 203. Retrieved January 3, 2021 from http:\/\/www.lrrd.org\/lrrd27\/10\/vinc27203.html\r\n38. Yakubu, A., Kuje, D. and Okpeku, M. (2009). Principal Components as Measures of Size and Shape in Nigerian Indigenous Chickens. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 42(3): 167-176.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">U.C. Isaac, A. I. Adeolu &#8220;Linear models for Predicting body weight in crossbred chickens &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.62-70 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8407<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/62-70.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/linear-models-for-predicting-body-weight-of-crossbred-chickens\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Linear models for Predicting body weight in crossbred chickens <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8f57b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd8f57b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd8ff72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd8ff72\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd90152\" data-id=\"fd90152\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd902ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd902ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd903b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd903b6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9058e\" data-id=\"fd9058e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9071b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd9071b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd907e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd907e1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd909b6\" data-id=\"fd909b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd90b4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd90b4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd90c12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd90c12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd90e0f\" data-id=\"fd90e0f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd90f8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd90f8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Mother&#8217;s Knowledge and Attitudes about KADARZI with Toddler Nutritional Status <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Rizki Maulidya*, Elvi Maisara, Khayatol Fadhilah, Shaburin Syakur, Yusri- April 2023 Page No.: 71-77<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd91053 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd91053\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd91253\" data-id=\"fd91253\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd913e3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd913e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Housewives&#8217; knowledge about KADARZI is essential to improving the nutritional status of toddlers aged 1\u20135. Toddlers at that age are especially vulnerable to nutritional issues like malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship between mothers&#8217; knowledge and attitudes about nutritionally conscious families KADARZI and the nutritional status of toddlers. This study used an analytical survey research design with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling using purposive sampling techniques in 103 respondents of children under five aged 1-5 years. Data collection using questionnaires is followed by data analysis using chi-square tests. Data collection using questionnaires with data analysis using chi-square tests. The results obtained that of the 103 respondents of housewives who have toddlers, 64 of them predominantly have knowledge of good KADARZI with good nutritional status totaling 63 people (98.4%) and poor nutritional status totaling very few only 1 person (1.6%). Furthermore, after conducting statistical tests with bivariate analysis, a p-value of 0.001 was obtained, which showed a p-value of 0.001 &lt; \u03b1 (0.05), which means that there is a relationship between knowledge about KADARZI and nutritional status in toddlers. Then, the relationship between attitudes about KADARZI and the nutritional status of toddlers with a total of 103 respondents among housewives was obtained from 73 respondents, among whom predominantly had a positive attitude about (KADARZI) with good nutritional status in toddlers totaling 62 people (84.9%) and malnutrition status totaling 11 people (15.1%). After conducting statistical tests with bivariate analysis, a p-value of 0.002 &lt; \u03b1 (0.05) was obtained, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between attitudes about (KADARZI) and nutritional status in toddlers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 71-77\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 April 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8408\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8408<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rizki Maulidya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elvi Maisara<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Khayatol Fadhilah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shaburin Syakur<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yusri<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Aulia, D. L. N., &amp; Anjani, A. D. (2019). Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Balita dengan Perilaku Keluarga Sadar Gizi (KADARZI). Journal for Quality in Women\u2019s Health, 2(1), 36\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30994\/jqwh.v2i1.25\r\n2. Dinas Kesehatan Aceh. (2020). Profil Kesehatan Aceh ( dr Hanif, M. K. Ferdiyus, SKM, &amp; K. Nasri (eds.); Vol. 21, Issue 1). Dinas Kesehatan Aceh. http:\/\/www.dinkes.acehprov.go.id\/\r\n3. Indrayani, I., Rusmiadi, L. C., &amp; Kartikasari, A. (2020). Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Dengan Status Gizi Pada Balita Di Wilayah Uptd Puskesmas Cidahu Kecamatan Cidahu Kabupaten Kuningan. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Husada: Health Sciences Journal, 11(2), 224\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34305\/jikbh.v11i2.199\r\n4. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Riskesdas 2018. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018, 44(8), 181\u2013222. http:\/\/www.yankes.kemkes.go.id\/assets\/downloads\/PMK No. 57 Tahun 2013 tentang PTRM.pdf\r\n5. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2021). Buku Saku Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tahun 2021. In Kemenkes RI (Vol. 2, Issue 1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36805\/bi.v2i1.301\r\n6. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2022). Buku Saku Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tahun 2022. In Kemenkes RI. https:\/\/www.litbang.kemkes.go.id\/buku-saku-hasil-studi-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-tahun-2021\/\r\n7. Kesehatan, D. G. (2007). Pedoman Strategi KIE Keluarga Sadar Gizi (KADARZI). In S. A. Suparmanto (Ed.), Kesehatan. DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BINA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DIREKTORAT BINA GIZI MASYARAKAT.\r\n8. Maharani, M., Wahyuni, S., &amp; Fitrianti, D. (2019). Tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu terkait makanan tambahan dengan status gizi balita di Kecamatan Woyla Barat. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 4(2), 81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30867\/action.v4i2.78\r\n9. Maulana, L. O. A. M., Sirajuddin, S., &amp; Najamuddin, U. (2018). Gambaran pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan terhadap status gizi siswa SD Inpres 2 Inpres 2 Pannampu. Jurnal Kesmas, 2(3), 21\u201324. http:\/\/repository.unhas.ac.id\/bitstream\/handle\/123456789\/4324\/LA ODE ABDUL MALIK_K2108101.pdf?sequence=\r\n10. Simon, M. E. D., &amp; Anggoro, S. (2020). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Ibu Tentang Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi) Dengan Status Gizi Anak Balita Di Posyandu Teratai, Dusun Sanansari, Srimartani, Piyungan, Bantul,D.I. Yogyakarta Tahun 2018. Jurnal Delima Harapan, 7(1), 12\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31935\/delima.v7i1.90\r\n11. World Health Organization. (2017). Global Nutrition Policy Review 2016\u20132017 Country. In World Health Organization (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Global Public Health (Issue February). World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241514873\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rizki Maulidya*, Elvi Maisara, Khayatol Fadhilah, Shaburin Syakur, Yusri &#8220;Mother&#8217;s Knowledge and Attitudes about KADARZI with Toddler Nutritional Status &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.71-77 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8409<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/71-77.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/mothers-knowledge-and-attitudes-about-kadarzi-with-toddler-nutritional-status\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mother&#8217;s Knowledge and Attitudes about KADARZI with Toddler Nutritional Status <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd927ad elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd927ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd92f50\" data-id=\"fd92f50\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd930f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd930f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd931c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd931c6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd93395\" data-id=\"fd93395\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9352e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd9352e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd935fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd935fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd937c3\" data-id=\"fd937c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd93958 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd93958\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd93a23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd93a23\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd93be9\" data-id=\"fd93be9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd93d7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd93d7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd93e48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd93e48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd94024\" data-id=\"fd94024\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd941ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd941ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Process system integration <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Jelenka Savkovic Stevanovic- April 2023 Page No.: 78-82<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd94294 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd94294\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd94481\" data-id=\"fd94481\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd94626 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd94626\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Process engineering today is concerned with the understanding and development of systematic procedures for design and optimal operation and control of the chemical process systems. This work motivated by the need to provide a more flexible than existing approaches framework for changes in chemical process engineering in particular, and for predicting the behavior of process systems in general. Integrated method of the process systems development make possible seeking out the most adequate model for simulation of real process design and optimization, that leads to improving current and development a new processes. The study state plant simulation model and dynamic simulation model make significant tools for observation behavior of the process. Comparative study of different processes can established more concurrent process alternatives.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 78-82\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8410\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8410<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jelenka Savkovic Stevanovic<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Technology and Metallurgy Belgrade University, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. J.Savkovic-Stevanovic, An advances learning and discovering system, Transaction on Information Science and Applications, 7 (7) July, 1005-1014, 2010, 1790-0832.\r\n2. J. Savkovic-Stevanovic, Knowledge extraction and concept learning, Comput.Ecol.Eng.,5(1) 22-28,2009, ISSN 1452-0729.\r\n3. M.Ivanovic-Knezevic, Learning system in education, AG2009-The 2nd International Symposium on Academic Globalization, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. 10- 13 July,2009.\r\n4. J. Savkovic-Stevanovic, Knowledge acquisition and learning, AG2009-The 2nd International Symposium on Academic Globalization, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. 10- 13 July, 2009.\r\n5. J. Savkovi\u0107 &#8211; Stevanovi\u0107, An educational information communication system in chemistry, EDU09-8th WSEAS Intern. Conf. on Education and Educational Technology, ID626-204, Univ. of Genova, Genova, Italy, Oct. 17-19, 2009.\r\n6. Mingchao Li, Wen Si, Han Liu, A integrated method for evaluating and predicting long-term operation safety of concrete dams considering lag effect, Engineering and Computers, 37 (4) 2505-2519, 2021.\r\n7. T. Mosorinac, An education system in chemistry, Comput. Ecol.Eng. 5(1) 1-6, 2009, ISSN 1452-0729.\r\n8. J.Savkovic-Stevanovic, T.N.Mosorinac, S.B.Krstic,R.D.Beric, L. E.Flipovic-Petrovic and M.D.Milivojevic, Process plant model for design and optimization, Comput. Ecol. Eng. 6(1) (2010)1-9, ISSN 1452-0729.\r\n9. Savkovic-Stevanovic J., S. Krstic, \u041c.\u041cilivojevic, M. Perunicic, Process plant knowledge based simulation and design, Chapter in Computer Aided ProcessEngineering -18, Vol.25,Eds. B.Braunschweig, and X.Joula, Elsevier Science,p.289-294, 2008.\r\n10. M.Perunicic, S.Krstic, M.Milivojevic, Process plant knowledge based simulation for design and manufacturing, EUROSIM2007-The 6th European Congress on Modelling and Simulation, pp. 394, Ljubljana, Slovenia,9-13 September, 2007.\r\n11. J.Savkovic-Stevanovic, T.Mosorinac, S.Krstic, R.Beric, Computer operation and design of the cationic surfactants production, Chapter in Computer Aided Process Engineering -17, Vol.24, Eds.V.Plesu and P.S.Agachi, Elsevier Science,p.195-200, 2007.\r\n12. J.Savkovic-Stevanovic, Chapter 19 -Process Safety in the chemical processes, p.489-584, in the Book -Process plant operation, equipment, reliability and control, Editors: C. Nwaoha, M. Holloway, O. Onyewuenyi, 768 pages, John Wiley &amp;Sons, New York, 2012, ISBN 978-1-1180-2264-1.\r\n13. R.Cedeno, S. Maosoongnern, A. Flood, Direct measurements of primary nucleation rates of p-aminobenzoic acid and glutamic acid and comparison with predictions from induction time distributions, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 57, 17504-17515, 2018.\r\n14. Khaled Omrani and Ahlem Ghiloufi, An efficient computational approach for two-dimensional variant of nonlinear-dispersive model of shallow water wave, Engineering and Computers, 37, (4)2679-2688, 2021.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jelenka Savkovic Stevanovic &#8220;Process system integration &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.78-82 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8410<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/78-82.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/process-system-integration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Process system integration <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd959b2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd959b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd95ad0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd95ad0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd95cde\" data-id=\"fd95cde\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd95e6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd95e6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd95f32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd95f32\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9612b\" data-id=\"fd9612b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd962b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd962b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd9637e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd9637e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd96572\" data-id=\"fd96572\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd966f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd966f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd967cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd967cb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd969a9\" data-id=\"fd969a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd96b24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd96b24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd96bf8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd96bf8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd96dd5\" data-id=\"fd96dd5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd96f4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd96f4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd97032 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd97032\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9721b\" data-id=\"fd9721b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd973ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd973ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Combined Effect of Doses of Fertilizer and Different Densities on Agronomic Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) Adapted in Humid Area in The Valley of Benou\u00e9, Cameroon <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Phil\u00e9mon Kaouvon; Dikko Haicha; Bertrand Wang-Bara; Cyrille Woulbo Biyack; Yvonne Djeoufo- April 2023 Page No.: 83-91<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd97486 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd97486\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9766b\" data-id=\"fd9766b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9783b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd9783b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The study was conducted on July 2021, at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD). The main objective of the study was to determine the dose of mineral fertilizers and densities which respond well to the rice culture, variety Nerica L36 in a humid area of the valley of Benou\u00e9. Fertilizers doses were: T1 (0 kg NPKSB+100 Kg Urea\/ha); T2 (150 kg NPKSB+100 Kg Urea\/ha); T3 (200 kg NPKSB+100 Kg Urea\/ha; T4 (250 kg NPKSB+100 Kg Urea\/ha). Three densities were considered: De1= 20 cm x 20 cm; De2= 25cm x 25cm; De3= 30 cm x 30 cm. The experimental design was a split-plot, with two factors in three replications: Factor 1 concerning fertilizers doses and Factor 2 relating to densities. Evaluation parameters were: the height of plant, the number of tillers, the number of panicle\/plants, length of panicles, heading date at 80 % and maturity date. Harvest data collected were: the number of grains\/panicles, weight of 1000 grains, potential yields. The results showed that the effect of different amounts especially doses 2, 3 and 4 were highly significant (P\u22640.05) in influencing the height of plant, number of tillers, number of panicles\/plants, length of panicles for all densities. These densities were considered suitable for growing aspect of rice. On the other hand, the densities 1 and 2 were suitable for the element of heading date at 80 % for the doses 1 and 2, maturity date with dose 1. However, yield aspects were most significant (P\u22640.05) with the dose 2, 3 and 4 on a number of grains\/panicles and potential yield especially, which permit us to deduce that densities 1, 2 and 3 were suitable for these yield parameters<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 83-91\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8411\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8411<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Phil\u00e9mon Kaouvon<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Garoua, Cameroon.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dikko Haicha<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Garoua, Cameroon.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bertrand Wang-Bara<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Garoua, Cameroon.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Cyrille Woulbo Biyack<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Wakwa, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yvonne Djeoufo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Maroua, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Adrao (2009). S\u00e9lection vari\u00e9tale participative du riz : Manuel du technicien. Cotonou, B\u00e9nin : Centre du riz pour l\u2019Afrique (ADRAO),126 pp.\r\n2. Africa Rice Center: WARDA, (2008). NERICA: the New Rice for Africa-a Compendium. EA Somado, RG Guei and SO Keya (eds.). Cotonou, Benin: Africa Rice Center (WARDA). 210 pp.\r\n3. Akintayo B. Ciss\u00e9 and L. D. Zadji. (2008). Guide pratique de la culture des NERICA de plateau. Centre du riz pour l\u2019Afrique (ADRAO). 26 pp.\r\n4. Amedep D., Wang-Bara B., Kaouvon P., Ahmed H., Guidjinga K. N. A., Zirted M J., Toumba D. (2022). Potentialities of Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) Based on the Uses of Two Fertilizers on Sudano-Sahelean Area: Yagoua, Far-Nord Cameroon. Annals of Plant Sciences, Vol 11, pp.5074-5082.\r\n5. Asmamaw B. A. (2017). Effect of planting density on growth, yield and yield attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 12(35), pp. 2713-2721.\r\n6. Courtois B. (2007). Une br\u00e8ve histoire de l&#8217;am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du riz. Cirad, France, 13p.\r\n7. Dieng M. (2021). Effets de diff\u00e9rentes doses de fertilisation organo-min\u00e9rale sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s chimiques du sol, sur la croissance et le rendement du riz (Oryza sativa (L.)) \u00e0 Balmadou (Casamance-S\u00e9n\u00e9gal). M\u00e9moire de Master. pp.1-52.\r\n8. Harold M., Tabo R. (2015). Les cultures c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8res : riz, ma\u00efs, millet, sorgho et bl\u00e9, Centre international de conf\u00e9rence Abdou Diouf, Dakar. Document de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence. 38p.\r\n9. INS (2017). Annuaire statistique du Cameroun. Edition 2017. 431p.\r\n10. Jagtap D. N., Mahadkar U. V., Chavan L. S., Burondkar M. M., Dhekale J. S., Dhane S. S., Pinjari S. S. and Jadhav M. S. (2018). Effect of Different Crop Establishment Methods and Fertilizer Sources on Growth, Yield Attribute and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa (L.)). International Journal of Economic Plants, 5(4) :174-180pp.\r\n11. Lacharme M. (2001). La fertilisation min\u00e9rale du riz. M\u00e9mento Technique de riziculture, Fascicule 6 ; Minist\u00e8re de D\u00e9veloppement Rural et de l\u2019Environnement ; Direction de la Recherche Formation Vulgarisation, Coop\u00e9ration fran\u00e7aise. [Online] Available : http:\/\/www.arid-afriqur.org (consult\u00e9 le 13\/03\/2011).\r\n12. Mendez V. P. (2008). Situation du march\u00e9 mondial du riz, les nouvelles tendances et les perspectives, in quelle strat\u00e9gie pour la fili\u00e8re rizicole ? N\u2019Djamena\u2013 Tchad 5-6 novembre\r\n13. Moussa S., Yacouba D and Mahamoudou F. (2021). Effect of min\u00e9ral fertilization on the productivity of rainfed rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) in the Sudano-guin\u00e9enne of Mali. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research; ISSN 2351-8014 Vol. 55 No. pp. 70-77.\r\n14. Nadjilom, Y., Steve, T. T., Minista, I. and Albert, N (2020). \u201cField Evaluation of Growth and Yield of Two Local Rice Varieties (Tox-728-1 and Madjitolngar) in Response to Indogenous Mycorrhizal Inoculation in South-Chad.\u201d American Journal of Plant Sciences 11.8: 1175-1192pp.\r\n15. Raholimboahangy S (2015). Approche de la fertilisation du riz irrigue\/inonde dans la plaine d\u2019ambohibary sambaina (R\u00e9gion de vakinankaratra). M\u00e9moire de Master 2. pp.1-37.\r\n16. Saidou A., Gnakpenou K. D., Balogoun I., Hounnahin S. R., Kindomihou M. V. (2014). Effet de l\u2019ur\u00e9e et du NPK 15-15-15 perl\u00e9s et super granul\u00e9s sur la productivit\u00e9 des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de riz IR841 et Nerica-L14 en zone de bas-fond au Sud-B\u00e9nin. Journal of Applied Biosciences 77; pp. 6575-6589.\r\n17. Sallah P. Y. K., Mukakalisa S., Nyombayire A., Mutanyagwa P. (2009). Response of two maize varieties to density and nitrogen fertilizer in the highland zone of Rwanda. Journal of Applied Biosciences 20 : 1194-1202pp.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Phil\u00e9mon Kaouvon; Dikko Haicha; Bertrand Wang-Bara; Cyrille Woulbo Biyack; Yvonne Djeoufo &#8220;Combined Effect of Doses of Fertilizer and Different Densities on Agronomic Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) Adapted in Humid Area in The Valley of Benou\u00e9, Cameroon &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.83-91 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8411<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/83-91.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/combined-effect-of-doses-of-fertilizer-and-different-densities-on-agronomic-parameters-of-rice-oryza-sativa-l-adapted-in-humid-area-in-the-valley-of-benoue-cameroon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Combined Effect of Doses of Fertilizer and Different Densities on Agronomic Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) Adapted in Humid Area in The Valley of Benou\u00e9, Cameroon <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd98c1d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd98c1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd995f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd995f2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd997de\" data-id=\"fd997de\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd99964 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd99964\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd99a2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd99a2b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd99c14\" data-id=\"fd99c14\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd99d9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd99d9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd99e77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd99e77\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9a05d\" data-id=\"fd9a05d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9a1e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd9a1e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd9a2c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd9a2c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9a4c1\" data-id=\"fd9a4c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9a666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd9a666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Reduction of Active and Reactive Power Losses on Transmission Lines using SSSC <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>J.I Uzor, D. C. Oyiogu, C.O. Ikaraoha- April 2023 Page No.: 92-108<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd9a735 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd9a735\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9a92e\" data-id=\"fd9a92e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9aaea elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd9aaea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This paper discusses a comprehensive study on reduction of power (active and reactive) losses in transmission lines using a second generation FACTS device, Static Synchronons Series Compensator (SSSC). Modern restructured power systems sometimes operate with heavily loaded lines resulting in power losses and higher voltage deviations, which may lead to mal-operation of power system and eventual collapse of the system. This is mainly due to continuous and uncertain growth in demand for electrical power. The paper presents a methodology to solve the problem of power losses in the Nigerian 28 \u2013 bus power system by incorporating Static Synchronons Series Compensator in the network using Newton-Rahson power flow algorithm. Simulation of power flow solution without and with the FACTS device was done using a Matlab software. The results showed that the maximum power (active and reactive) loss in the system without SSSC occurred in the transmission line connecting bus 17 (Jebba) to bus 23(Shiroro) and a 19.32% loss reduction was obtained on the line after the incorporation of the SSSC FACTS device giving a power saving of 80.68%. The total system active and reactive power losses before the application of SSSC was 205.183MW and 1594.683MVAR respectively. However, when the FACTS device was applied at the weak buses the total system active and reactive power losses reduced to 144.571MW and 1136.863MVAR respectively giving a percentage loss reduction in active and reactive power of 29.54% and 28.71% respectively resulting in a power saving of 70.46% and 71.29%. Hence, more power was available in the network when compared to the base case due to the installation of SSSC. Also an improvement in the voltage magnitude at the weak buses and other buses were noticed as they were all maintained at 1.0 PU.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 92-108\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8412\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8412<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>J.I Uzor<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Temple Gate Polytechnic Aba, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D. C. Oyiogu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>C.O. Ikaraoha<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Aborisade, D.O., Adebayo, I.G. and Oyesina, K.A. (2014).A Comparism of Voltage Enhancement and Loss Reduction Capabilities of STATCOM and SSSC FACTS controllers.American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), Vol. 03, Issue 01, Pp. 96-105.\r\n2. Acha, E., Fuete-Esquiivel, C.R., Anbri-Perez, H. and Angeles-Camacho, C. (2004). FACTS Modeling and Simulation in Power Networks, John Wiley and Sons, West Sussex, UK.\r\n3. Arrillaga, J. (1998). High voltage direct current transmission.Institute of Electrical Engineers, Second Edition, London.\r\n4. Arrillaga, J. and Armold, C.P. (1990).Computer Analysis of Power Systems.Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.\r\n5. Aswathi, K. D. and Sindhu, M.R. (2015).Application of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) to Enhance Power Transfer Capability in IEEE Standard Transmission System.IJCTA, 8(5), Pp. 2029-2036, 2015, International Science Press.\r\n6. Balasubba, M.R., Obulesh, Y.P. and Sivanag, R.S. (2012). Analysis and Simulation of Series FACTS Devices to minimize Transmission Loss and Generator Cost. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology, Vol.2, Issue 1, Pp. 463-473.\r\n7. Brown, H.E. (1975). Solution of Large Network by Metrix Methods, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.\r\n8. Elgerd, O. (1982). Electric Energy System Theory, An Introduction. Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.\r\n9. El-Zonkoly, A.M. (2006).Optimal Sizing of SSSC Controllers to Minimize Transmission Loss and a Novel Model of SSSC to Study Transient Response.World Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Technology 24, 2006.\r\n10. Emad, A.D.,Verma, K. and Surya, P. (2013). Effect of BVSI in Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) for control of Active Power Flow in a Transmission Line.International Journal of Electronic Communication and Computer Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 3.\r\n11. Grainger, J.J. and Stevenson, W.D. (1968).Power System Analysis, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.\r\n12. Hingoranni, N.G. and Gyugyi, L. (2000).Uderstanding Facts Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems. Wiley-IEEE Press, New York, NY ISBN 0-7803-3464-7.\r\n13. Hossein, N.A. (2011). Analysis of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) on Congestion Management and Voltage Profile in Power System by PSAT Toolbox.Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 3(7), 660-667.\r\n14. Ibe, A.O. and Okedu, E.K. (2009).A Critical Review OF Grid Operation in Nigeria.The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 2, Pp. 486-490.\r\n15. Janhavi, C.G. and Ratnakar, K.L. (2015).Performance Analysis of an IEEE 9-bus System with TCSC and SSSC.International Journal of Engineering Science Innovation Technology (IJESIT), Vol. 4, Issue 3.\r\n16. Jebaraj, L., Christober, C.A.R. and Irisappane, S. (2015). Voltage and Real Power Loss Analysis Incorporating CE-SSSC with VS-SVC Combination through Fruit Fly Optimizatin. WSEAS Transaction on Power System, Vol. 10. Available from: http\/\/www.wseas.org\/multimedia\/journal\/power\/\u2026.\r\n17. Jebaraj, L., Christober, C.A.R., Sriram, K., Ramesh, J. and Sivasankari, R. (2013). Static Synchronous Series Compensator and Static Var Compensator Interaction on Voltage Stability Limit Enhancement and Active Power Loss Minimization through Differential Evolution Algorithm. Academic Journals, Vol. 8(24), Pp. 112221-1132.\r\n18. Jignesh, P. (2016). Electrical Engineering Portal.\r\n19. Kannan, A.S. and Kayalvizhi, R. (2011). Utility of PSO for Loss minimization and Enhancement of Voltage Profile Using UPFC, International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2.\r\n20. Kundur, P.P. (1994). Power System Stability and Control.Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.\r\n21. Manase, L.C. (`998). Flexible AC Transmission System, Placement, Control and Interaction. Paper presented in an EPRI, NSF Workshop in Global Dynamic Optimiation.\r\n22. MetinDogan, SalihTosun, Ali Ozturk and Kenan, D.M. (2011). Investigation of TCSC and SSSC controller on the Power System.ELECO 2011, 7th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 1-4, December 2011, Bursa, Turkey.\r\n23. Mohan, N., Udeland,T.M. and Robbins, W.P. (1995). Power Electronic Converter Applications and Design, Second Edition.\r\n24. Momoh, L.J., Din, S.X. Guo. And Adapa, R. (1995). Economic Operation and Planning of MultiArea\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">J.I Uzor, D. C. Oyiogu, C.O. Ikaraoha &#8220;Reduction of Active and Reactive Power Losses on Transmission Lines using SSSC &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.92-108 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8412<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/92-108.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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Transmission Lines using SSSC <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9bf11 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd9bf11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd9d195 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd9d195\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9d370\" data-id=\"fd9d370\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9d508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd9d508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd9d5d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd9d5d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9d7c8\" data-id=\"fd9d7c8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9d95c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd9d95c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Incidences and Trend of Marine Accident Fatalities in Various River Routes Connecting the Major Sea Ports of Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ogboeli, Goodluck, Prince, Iyama, William Azuka and Onuegbu, Williams- April 2023 Page No.: 109-122<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd9da25 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd9da25\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9dc16\" data-id=\"fd9dc16\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9ddc4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fd9ddc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The study investigated the incidences and trends of marine accident fatalities in various river routes connecting the major sea ports in Nigeria. This was necessitated by the various cases of deaths, drop in government revenue and presence of wrecks from abandoned boats and ships in the coastal waters. The cross-sectional survey research design was adopted relying on both primary, secondary data and the use hypothesis to draw conclusions. Primary data was got through acquisition from satellite imageries from the loading and exit point of various river routes and designed questionnaires distributed while secondary data such as accident and disaster occurrence was collected several marine sector regulatory agencies in charge of the marine sector for a period of thirty (30) years (1989 to 2018). The study showed that river route incidence is dependent primarily on the population of the destination route and its frequency of usage. Although, other factors such as poor visibility, channel width and sharp bends, inaccurate meanders and over speeding increased its probability of occurrences. Study also found that areas without alternative transport route experienced high incidences of boat accidents compared to areas with road transport exits that suffer exorbitant fair and proximity challenges. There was no statistically significant relationship between the length of the water route and the frequency of incidence (r=0.006; p&gt;0.05). Hence study recommends that Security agencies in charge of maritime routes should be equipped with modern surveillance gadgets, combatant firearm, and warships to enhance maritime security and other response operations.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 109-122\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8413\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8413<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogboeli, Goodluck, Prince<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Geosciences and Environmental Management, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iyama, William Azuka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Geosciences and Environmental Management, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onuegbu, Williams<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Geosciences and Environmental Management, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Awala, Z.I. &amp; Hasegawaba, K. (2017). Study on Accident Theories and Application to Maritime Accidents. International Conference on Marine Technology. Procedia Engineering, 194 (2017), 298-306. https\/\/ doi: 10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.08.149.\r\n2. Abdullahi, Z., (2003, April 03) \u201c80 missing as boat sinks\u201d, DAWN NEWS. http:\/\/www.dawn.com\/2003\/03\/04\/int12.htm.\r\n3. Anderson, E.E. &amp; Talley, W.K. (1995). The oil spill size of tanker and barge accidents: Determinants and policy implications. Land Economics, 71, 216-22.\r\n4. Akpudo, C.U. (2021). Trend Analysis of Boat Accidents and Causes in the Waterways of Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, 7(11), 24-29.\r\n5. Bosher, L., &amp; Dainty, A., (2011). Disaster Risk Reduction and \u201cBuiltin\u201d Resilience: Towards Overarching Principles for Construction Practice, Disasters, 35(1): 1-18.\r\n6. Brown, R.S. &amp; Savage, I. (1996). The economics of double-hulled tankers. Maritime Policy and Management 23, 167-175.\r\n7. Bruneau M., Chang S. E., Eguchi R. T., Lee G. C., O\u2019Rourke, T. D., Reinhorn, A. M., Shinozuka M., Tierney, K., Wallace W. A., &amp; Von Winterfeldt D., (2003). A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities. Earthquake Spectra, 19(4): 733752.\r\n8. Chang, S. E., &amp; Chamberlin, C., (2004). Assessing the Role of Lifeline Systems in Community Disaster Resilience. MCEER Research Progress and Accomplishments: 20032004, MCEER04SP01, 8794.\r\n9. Chang, S. E., (2009). Infrastructure Resilience to Disasters. The Bridge, 36-41.\r\n10. Cimellaro, G., P., Reinhorn, A., M., &amp; Bruneau, M. (2010). Framework for Analytical Quantification of Disaster Resilience, Engineering Structures, (32):39393649.\r\n11. Coaffee, J., (2008). Risk, Resilience and Environmentally Sustainable Cities, Energy Policy, (36): 46334638.\r\n12. CRN (2009). Examining Resilience: A Concept to Improve Societal Security and Technical Safety. Crisis and Risk Network, Center for Security Studies, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. 4633\u00ad4638.\r\n13. Dennis, N. (2007). \u201c50 Kids Die in Bayelsa Boat Mishap\u201d; http:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200703020255.html\r\n14. Dogarawa, L. B. (2012). Marine Accidents in Northern Nigeria: Causes, Prevention and Management. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(11), 378 &#8211; 389.\r\n15. Donatus, E.O. (2013). An Analysis of determinants of accident involving marine vessels in Nigeria\u2019s Waterways. Management Science and Engineering, 7(3), 39-45\r\n16. DOI:10.3968\/j.mse.1913035X20130703.2611\r\n17. Egbuh, I. N. (2006). Charting Nigeria Waters for Safe Navigation: International Hydrographic Review, 7(3): 28-35.\r\n18. Haddon W. (2003). Energy Damage and the Ten Counter measure Strategies. The Journal of Trauma, 13 (4), 142- 220.\r\n19. Hollnagel, E., (2008). Risk + barriers = safety? Safety Science 46, 221\u2013229.\r\n20. Http:\/\/www.wri.org\/project\/carbon-capture-sequestration.\r\n21. Ibeawuchi, C.N. (2013). \u201cAnalysis of the Fatality Rates of Boat and Ferry Accident on Inland Waterways in Nigeria,\u201d. Journal of Business and Management, 11 (2), 17-20.\r\n22. Idiapho, C.A. &amp; Awwal, S.I. (2020). Investigative Analysis of Marine Tugboat Accident in Nigeria. A Case Study of Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers State. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 11(3), 30-45, 2020; Article no.JERR.55541 ISSN: 2582-2926.\r\n23. Jongbo, O.C. (2014). The Role of Research Design in a Purpose Driven Enquiry. Review of Public Administration and Management, 3 (6), 87-94.\r\n24. Little, R. G. (2003). Towards more Robust Infrastructure: Observations on Improving the Resilience and Reliability of Critical Systems, Proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, 9.\r\n25. Michael, W. (2005). \u201cNigeria: 102 Dead In Boat Accident\u201d; www.query.nytimes.com\/gst\/fullpage.html\r\n26. NIWA (2006). National Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA). Annual Reports.\r\n27. Nwokedi, T., Chinonyerem, I. C., Okeudo, G.&amp; Moses, N. (2017). Analysis of Vessel-Based Marine Accidents and the Economic Risks to Nigeria. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science 6(6):72. https\/\/DOI: 10.11648\/j.wros.20170606.11\r\n28. Ojo, E. (2010). \u201cThe Politics of Revenue Allocation and Resource Control in Nigeria: Implications for Federal Stability\u201d, Journal of Federal Governance, 7(1): 15-38.\r\n29. O\u2019Rourke, T. D. (2007). Critical Infrastructure, Interdependencies and Resilience, The Bridge, spring, 2229.\r\n30. Ogwude, I. C. (1998). Valuation of Reduction in Traffic Accidents: The Trainer: Journal of the Institute of Transport and Logistics Zaria, 18-27.\r\n31. Psaraftis, C.G., Paragakos, N., Disipris, V. N. (1998). An analysis of maritime transportation risk factors, Proceedings of the 8th Conference ISOPE. Montreal, Canada, 4,484-492.\r\n32. Rothblum, A. M., Wheal, D., Withington, S., Shappell, S. A., Wiegmann, D. A., Boehm, W., &amp; Chaderjian, M. (2002). Human factors in incident investigation and analysis. Excerpts From Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Human Factors in Offshore Operations (HFW200), Houston, TX.\r\n33. Sapa-DPA (2005). \u201cHundred feared drowned in boat accident in Nigeria\u201d; www.mg.co.za\/article\/2005-08-16-hundred.\r\n34. Shinozuka, M., Chang S. E., Cheng T., Feng M., O\u2019Rourke, T. D., Saadeghvaziri M. A., Dong X., Jin X., Wang Y., &amp; Shi P., (2004). Resilience of Integrated Power and Water Systems. MCEER Research Progress and Accomplishments: 20032004. MCEER04SP01, 6586.\r\n35. Simpson, D. M. &amp; Matin K. (2006). &#8220;Measurement and Indicators for Disasters: Topical Bibliography.&#8221; Working Paper # 06-01. University of Louisville: Center for Hazards Research.\r\n36. Surjan, A., &amp; Shaw, R. (2009). Enhancing Disaster Resilience through Local Environment Management: Case of Mumbai, India. Disaster Prevention and Management Journal, 18(4): 418\u00ad433.\r\n37. Tadele, F., &amp; Manyena, S., B., (2009). Building Disaster Resilience through Capacity Building in Ethiopia, Disaster Prevention and Management, 18(3), 317-326.\r\n38. Talley, W. K., Jin, D., &amp; Kite-Powell, H. (2005). Determinants of crew injuries in vessel accidents. Maritime Policy and Management, 32(3), 263-278.\r\n39. Tierney, K. &amp; Bruneau, M. (2007). Conceptualizing and Measuring Resilience: A Key to Disaster Loss Reduction. All-hazards preparedness, response, and recovery, 2007, 14-17\r\n40. Tosin, J. (2014). Causes and prevention of Boat Mishap. PM News Nigeria\r\n41. Ukoji, V. N. &amp; Ukoji, V. U. (2015). \u2018Boat Accidents in Nigeria: General Trends and Risk Factors\u2019, Journal of Advanced Research in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2: 3-4.\r\n42. Young, S. T., Dong-Han, H. &amp; Wan, C.Y. (2016). Application of Activity Theory to analysis of human-related accident: Method and case studies. Reliability Engineering and system safety Journal 150 (2016), 22-34.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ogboeli, Goodluck, Prince, Iyama, William Azuka and Onuegbu, Williams &#8220;Incidences and Trend of Marine Accident Fatalities in Various River Routes Connecting the Major Sea Ports of Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.109-122 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8413<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/109-122.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/incidences-and-trend-of-marine-accident-fatalities-in-various-river-routes-connecting-the-major-sea-ports-of-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Incidences and Trend of Marine Accident Fatalities in Various River Routes Connecting the Major Sea Ports of Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9f19c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fd9f19c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd9f2cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd9f2cc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9f4e5\" data-id=\"fd9f4e5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9f67b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd9f67b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd9f754 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd9f754\" 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data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9fd82\" data-id=\"fd9fd82\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9fefa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd9fefa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd9ffce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd9ffce\" 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data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda05db\" data-id=\"fda05db\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda075e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda075e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda083b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda083b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda0a26\" data-id=\"fda0a26\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda0bd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda0bd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Experimental Analysis of Gaseous Emission in 2-Stroke Single Cylinder Engine Using Ethanol Gasoline Blends <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nwafor Uzoma and Mohammed Moore Ojapah- April 2023 Page No.: 123-136<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda0ca9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda0ca9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda0e8c\" data-id=\"fda0e8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda1042 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fda1042\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The emission of Unburnt Hydrocarbon (UHC), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from internal combustion engine have been seen to cause negative environmental impact and a major source of greenhouse effect. This paper provides a better understanding and strategies for use of biofuel ethanol as a blend with gasoline to reduce emissions in 2-stroke engine small power generaor. An experimental study on a single cylinder domestic portable power generating set of fixed speed has been used with gasoline ethanol blends in ratio of 100% gasoline (E0), 50% gasoline ethanol blends (E50) and 100% ethanol (E100) under varying engine loads. The results showed that the CO and HC emission decreases as a result of the leaning effect caused by the ethanol addition. The CO2 emission was also observed to increase because of the improved combustion as a result of leaning effect of ethanol addition, in particular the E100. The NOx emission for E100 shows the most interesting result of decreasing from idle load to zero at the maximum load.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 123-136\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8414\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8414<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwafor Uzoma <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Harcourt Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed Moore Ojapah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Harcourt Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. International Energy Agency, \u201cWorld Energy Outlook\u201d, 2022.\r\n2. International Renewable Energy Agency, \u201cBioenergy for the energy transition-Ensuring sustainability and overcoming barriers Ensuring\u201d, 2022.\r\n3. Heywood J. B, \u2018Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals\u201d. McGraw-Hill Series in Mechanical Engineering, New York, 2018.\r\n4. Malcolm Latarche. (2021). Pounder\u2019s Marine Diesel Engines and Gas turbines 10th Edition. Butterworth-Heinemann Publishing. United Kingdom.\r\n5. Larsen Ulrik, Johansen Troels, and Schramm Jesper, \u201cEthanol_as_a_fuel_for_road_transportation\u201d A Technical paper, 2009.\r\n6. Yan Zhang, Hua Zhao, Ojapah M Mohammed and Alasdair Cairns (2013). 2-Stroke CAI Operation on a Poppet Valve DI Engine Fuelled with Gasoline and its Blends with Ethanol. SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1674. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2013-01-1674.\r\n7. Ojapah M M, Zhang Y, and Zhao H (2014) Effects of Ethanol on Performance and Exhaust Emissions from a DI Spark Ignition Engine with Throttled and Unthrottled Operations. SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1393. 2014. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2014-01-1393.\r\n8. Ojapah M M., H. Zhao., and Yan Zhang (2014). Effects of Ethanol on PM Emissions From CAI Combustion in a 2-stroke Poppet Valve Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. FISITA Technical Paper ISBN 9781510802094 https:\/\/go.fisita.com \u203a FISITA2014 \u203a F2014-CET-102.\r\n9. Abdel-Rahman, A. A., and Osman, M. M. (1997). Experimental investigation on varying the compression ratio of SI engine working under different ethanol-gasoline fuel blends. International Journal of Energy Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1099-114X(199701)21:1&lt;31::AID-ER235&gt;3.0.CO;2-5.\r\n10. Hsieh, W. D., Chen, R. H., Wu, T. L., and Lin, T. H. (2002). Engine performance and pollutant emission of an SI engine using ethanol-gasoline blended fuels. Atmospheric Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1352-2310(01)00508-8\u2019\r\n11. Bayraktar, H. (2005). Experimental and theoretical investigation of using gasoline-ethanol blends in spark-ignition engines. Renewable Energy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2005.01.006.\r\n12. Celik, M. B. (2008). Experimental determination of suitable ethanol-gasoline blend rate at high compression ratio for gasoline engine. Applied Thermal Engineering. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2007.10.028.\r\n13. Najafi, G., Ghobadian, B., Tavakoli, T., Buttsworth, D. R., Yusaf, T. F., and Faizollahnejad, M. (2009). Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels using artificial neural network. Applied Energy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apenergy.2008.09.017.\r\n14. Turner, D., Xu, H., Cracknell, R. F., Natarajan, V., and Chen, X. (2011). Combustion performance of bio-ethanol at various blend ratios in a gasoline direct injection engine.Fuel. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2010.12.025.\r\n15. Yao, Y. C., Tsai, J. H., and Wang, I. T. (2013). Emissions of gaseous pollutant from motorcycle powered by ethanol-gasoline blend. Applied Energy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apenergy.2012.07.041.\r\n16. Elfasakhany, A. (2015). Investigations on the effects of ethanol\u2013methanol\u2013gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine: Performance and emissions analysis. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jestch.2015.05.003.\r\n17. Ojapah Mohammed Moore. (2016). Advance combustion engines: performance and emission. Lambert Academic Publishing.\r\n18. Phuangwongtrakul, S., Wechsatol, W., Sethaput, T., Suktang, K., and Wongwises, S. (2016). Experimental study on sparking ignition engine performance for optimal mixing ratio of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels. Applied Thermal Engineering. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.02.084.\r\n19. Akansu, S. O., Tang\u00f6z, S., Kahraman, N., \u0130lhak, M. \u0130., and A\u00e7\u0131kg\u00f6z, S. (2017). Experimental study of gasoline-ethanol-hydrogen blends combustion in an SI engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2017.07.014\r\n20. Masum B. M., Masjuki H.H., Kalam I. M., Fattah Rizwanul., Palash S. M and Abedin M. J (2013). Effect of ethanol-gasoline blend on NOx emission in SI engine. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 24 (2013) 209-222, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/jser.22013.03.046.\r\n21. Ashok B. (2022). NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engine: Approaches Toward NOx free Automobiles. Elsevier Publishing Netherland.\r\n22. Merdad Ehsani. (2021). Sustainable Transport in Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles A Volume in the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Second Edition. Springer Nature Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-1492-1_795.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nwafor Uzoma and Mohammed Moore Ojapah &#8220;Experimental Analysis of Gaseous Emission in 2-Stroke Single Cylinder Engine Using Ethanol Gasoline Blends &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.123-136 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8414<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/123-136.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/experimental-analysis-of-gaseous-emission-in-2-stroke-single-cylinder-engine-using-ethanol-gasoline-blends\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Experimental Analysis of Gaseous Emission in 2-Stroke Single Cylinder Engine Using Ethanol Gasoline Blends <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda242b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda342a\" data-id=\"fda342a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda35a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda35a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda366a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda366a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda3852\" data-id=\"fda3852\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda39cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda39cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda3aae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda3aae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda3ca0\" data-id=\"fda3ca0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda3e23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda3e23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Interactions of Ascorbic Acid with Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine in Parturients and their Controls <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Chukwu Leo Clinton; Ekenjoku Azubuike John; Olisa Chinedu Lawrence; Ogabido Chukwudi Anthony; Ramalan Aliyu Mansur; Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka; Nwankwo Malarchy Ekwunife; Ezeigwe Chijioke Ogomegbunam; Chukwuka Benjamin Uzodinma, Nweze Sylvester Onuegbunam- April 2023 Page No.: 137-145<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda3f0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda3f0e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda40fd\" data-id=\"fda40fd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda42c9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fda42c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Background: Malaria deaths in the world have remained worrisome for many decades to centuries now. The issue of its prevention pre pregnancy, during pregnancy and post pregnancy periods needs continuous emphasis especially in our endemic areas. This will help us achieve the desired goals of eliminating malaria menace in Sub-Saharan Africa. The benefits of malaria prevention in helping to reduce the problems of malaria in pregnancy though proven needs continuous emphasis. The problems of prolonged maternal malaria illnesses especially if left untreated during pregnancy may include but not limited to preterm labours \/ births, pregnancy anaemias, small for date babies, high rates of admissions into special care baby units (SCBU) and intrauterine deaths. The above have been greatly reduced by concurrent practice of preventive measures like the now in use, Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine (IPT-SP). It has also been noted that optimal levels of antioxidant status like Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase have shown great promises in assisting our pregnant women enjoy uneventful pregnancies as well as avert most other pregnancy associated problems. Top on the list of which are maternal and neonatal anaemias, preterm labours and births, intrauterine growth restrictions (IUGR), increased admissions into special care baby units and even neonatal deaths to mention but a few.\r\nObjectives: This study made a comparative assessment of the plasma Ascorbic acid levels in parturients who judiciously received IPT-SP during their current confinements and their controls.\r\nMethod: We carried out this study at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) which is located in Owerri, the state capital of Imo state Nigeria. Owerri is noted to have a typical malaria endemic setting as with most parts of our African sub rejoin. Ethical certification was sought for and obtained from the ethics committee of the hospital enabling the commencement of a longitudinal participant recruitment after adequate counseling and informed consent. This involved both groups. The study was a laboratory based, cross-sectional descriptive study that involving 296 participants that satisfied set out inclusion criteria for one of the groups as allotted. Participants were followed up following recruitment throughout their antenatal course till delivery. This enabled a dutiful collection of blood samples for the estimation of Ascorbic acid. Vitamin C estimation was done using the Omaye, Turabull &amp; Sanberlish method, 1979. The methodology principle is based on the fact that Ascorbic acid is oxidized by copper to form dehydroascorbic acid. The product when treated with 2, 4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine forms tris 2, 4 dinitrophenyl hydrazone which undergoes rearrangement to form a product with the absorption maximum at 520 nm in spectrophotometer.\r\nData analysis: Computer Software Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago) was used to analyze obtained data. The descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range, percentages etc) were determined for continuous variables, while a P-value less than (&lt;0.05) at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.\r\nResult: The mean ascorbic acid value was lower among the study group than the control. Mean ascorbic acid value for the study group was 1.75 \u00b1 0.67 while the minimum and maximum serum ascorbic acid levels were 0.064 and 3.29 respectively. From the control group, the mean ascorbic acid level was 2.03 \u00b1 0.68 while the minimum and maximum serum ascorbic acid levels were 0.056 and 3.75 respectively. From the results above, the mean difference of 0.28 was found to be statistically significant with (p value= 0.001) with an odds ratio of 0.54 (95% CI =0.380 \u2013 0.771).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 137-145\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8415\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8415<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chukwu Leo Clinton <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ekenjoku Azubuike John<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. Coll. of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences, Abia State University Uturu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olisa Chinedu Lawrence<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogabido Chukwudi Anthony<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ramalan Aliyu Mansur<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Internal Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital \/ Bayero University Kano, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka Campus Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwankwo Malarchy Ekwunife<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ezeigwe Chijioke Ogomegbunam<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chukwuka Benjamin Uzodinma<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Pharmacology. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nweze Sylvester Onuegbunam<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Enugu State University College of Medicine (ESUCOM), Enugu Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Chukwu LC, Ph.D Thesis. 2019. Pharmacodynamic Effects of Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine on Pregnancy Outcome in Women Attending Antenatal Clinic and Their Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Intermittent Preventive Treatment. Abia State University, Uturu Nigeria\r\n2. World Health Organization. (2018). WHO International Travel and Health, (2018)\r\n3. Kathrine, R. T., Bonnie, L. K., Kimberly, E. M., Michael, N., Steve, M. T., Steven, R. M., Ryan, E. W., Victor, C., Scott, J. F., Mulakwa, K., Allen, S. C. (2014). Efficacy of Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy, Mansa, Zambia. Malaria Journal 13:227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-13-227. Tan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014\r\n4. Dellicour S, Tatem AJ, Guerra CA, Snow RW, ter Kuile FO. Quantifying the number of pregnancies at risk of malaria in 2007: a demographic study. PLoS Med. 2010;7:e1000221. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000221.\r\n5. Desai M, ter Kuile FO, Nosten F, McGready R, Asamoa K, Brabin B, Newman RD. Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7:93\u2013104. doi: 10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70021-X.\r\n6. World Health Organization. A Strategic Framework for Malaria Prevention and Control during Pregnancy in the African Region. Brazzaville: Regional Office for Africa; 2004. AFR\/MAL\/04\/01.\r\n7. Ojo, A. O., Briggs, E. B. (2006). Malaria and anaemia in pregnancy. A Textbook For Midwives in the Tropics. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, Nodder Arnold; New Delhi. 2nd Edition\r\n8. Falade, C. O., Yusuf, B. O, Fadero, F. F., Mokuolu, O. A., Hamer, D. H., Salako, L. A. (2007). Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine is effective in preventing maternal and placental malaria in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. Malaria Journal,6(88).doi:10.1186\/1475-2875-6-88. http:\/\/www.malariajournal.com\/content\/6\/1\/88\r\n9. Bray, R. S., Anderson, M. J. (1979). Falciparum malaria and pregnancy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 73, 427-431\r\n10. Chukwu, L. C. (2009). Evaluation of the effectiveness of Arthemether\/Lumefantrine combination in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Elele, a malaria endemic area in Rivers State, Nigeria. MS.c Dissertation, Dept of Pharmacology. Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria\r\n11. Williams, N. (1996). Malaria hideout found in new mothers. Science, 272, 1416-1417\r\n12. Federal Ministry of Health [FOH Nigeria]; National guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of malarial. (2011). National Malaria and Vector Control 33 Division, Abuja Nigeria\r\n13. WHO (2002a). WHO antenatal care randomized trial: manual for the implementation of the new model. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000;94:Suppl 1:S1-S90. (WHO\/RHR\/01.30) WHO, Geneva\r\n14. Chen, L. H, Wilson, M. E., Schlagenhauf, P. (2007). Controversies and misconceptions in malaria chemoprophylaxis for travelers. JAMA, 297, 2251-2263\r\n15. Freedman, D. O., Weld, L. H., Kozarsky, P. E. (2006). Spectrum of disease and relation to place of exposure among ill returned travelers. N Engl J Med, 354(119-130). Erratum, N Engl J Med 2006;355:967\r\n16. Rosenthal, P. J. (Ed) (2008). Artesunate for the Treatment of Severe Malaria. The new England Journal of Medicine, 358(17), 1829 \u2013 1836,\r\n17. Ladhani, S., Aibara, R. J., Riordan, F. A., Shingadia, D. (2007). Imported malaria in children: a review of clinical studies. Lancet Infect Dis, 7, 349-357\r\n18. Ademuyiwa, O., Odusoga, O. L., Adebawo, O. O., Ugbaja, R. N. (2007). Endogenous antioxidants defences in plasma and erythrocytes of pregnant women during different trimesters of pregnancy. Acta Obst et Gynec, 86,1175\u201380\r\n19. Gupta, S., Wen, J. J., Garg, N. J. (2009). Oxidative stress in chagas` disease. Hindawi Publishing Corporation: Interdiscip Perspect on Infect Dis, Volume 2009, 8 pages doi:10.1155\/2009\/190354\r\n20. Jornot, L., Petersen, H., Junod, A. F. (1998). Hydrogen Peroxide induced dna damage is independent of nuclear calcium but dependent on redox-active ions. Biochem J, 335:85\u201394\r\n21. Nicholas, F. N., Manish, M., Terrence, M., Joshua, B. O. (2016). Effects of vitamins in augmentation of malaria treatment: A review. DOI: 10.21276\/apjhs.2016.3.4.6\r\n22. Marva, E., Golenser, J., Cohen, A., Kitrossky, N., Har- El, R., Chevion, M. (1992). The effects of Ascorbate-induced free radicals on Plasmodium falciparum. Trop Med Parasitol, 43, 17\u201323\r\n23. Mohammad, A. (2012). Effect of serum antioxidant Ascorbic acid concentration by malarial infection in man. The Experiment, 3(4): 214-215\r\n24. D\u2019Souza, V., D\u2019Souza, B. (2006). Comparative study on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant\r\nvitamins E and C in falciparum and vivax malaria. Indian J Clin Biochem, 21(2),103\u2013106\r\n25. Claudio, A. M. Leal., Maria, R. C. Schetinger., Daniela, B. R. Leal., Vera, M. Morsch., Aleksandro, Schafer da Silva., Jo\u00e3o, F. P. Rezer.,\u2026 Jeandre Augusto dos Santos Jaques.\r\n(2011). Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in pregnant women. Communications in Free Radical Research, 16(6), pp 230-236 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/1351000211Y.0000000013\r\n26. Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J. M. C. (2007). Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press; New York, NY, USA\r\n27. Kehrer, J. P. (2000). The Haber-Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicology 14;149(1):43-50. PMID: 10963860. Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1074, USA. keherjim@mail.utexas.edu\r\n28. Sandro, Pecario., Danilo, R. Moreira., Bruno, A. Q. Gomes., Michelli, E. S. Ferreira., Ana, C. M. Goncalves., Paula, S. O. C. Laurindo.,\u2026 Micheal, D. Green. (2012). Oxidative stress in malaria. Int J Mol Sci, 13(12), 16346-16372. Doi: 10.3390\/131216346. PMCID: PMC 3546694\r\n29. Winter, R. W., Ignatushchenko, M., Ogundahunsi, O. A., Cornell, K. A., Oduola, A. M., Hinrichs, D. J., Riscoe, M. K. (1997). Potentiation of an Antimalarial Oxidant drug. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 41(7):1449\u20131454\r\n30. Mahajan, S. S., Kamath, V. R. and Ghatpande, S, S. (2005). Synergistic antimalarial activity of Ketones with Rufigallol and vitamin C. Parasitol, 131, 459\u2013466\r\n31. Breanna, B., Hamma, M., Oumar, B. T,. Mamadou, T., Intimbeye, T., Antoine, D.,\u2026 Abdoulaye, A. D. (2009). Intermittent preventive treatment using Artemisinin-based combination therapy reduces malaria morbidity among school-aged children in Mali. Trop Med Int Health. 14(7), 784-791. doi: 10.111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02294.x: available in PMC 2011 Feb 14. PMCID: PMC3038653; NIHMSID: NIHMS267870; PMID: 19497079\r\n32. Iyawe, H. O. T., Onigbinde, A. O., and Aina, O. O. (2006). Effect of Chloroquine and Ascorbic Acid interaction on the oxidative stress status of Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Int J Pharmacol, 2(1),1\u20134\r\n33. Zal, F., Mostafavi-Pour Z., Amina, F., Heindari, A. (2012). Effect of vitamin E and C supplements on lipid peroxidation and GSH-Dependent antioxidant enzyme status in the blood of women consuming oral contraceptives. Contraception. 2012 Jul;86(1):62-6. doi: 10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.11.006. Epub 2012 Apr 9\r\n34. Echebima, S., Ndukwu, B., Obafemi, A. (2019) Climate Study of Owerri and Comparative Analysis of Different Methods of Base Factor Computation. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 9, 310-322. Doi:10.4236\/acs2019.93022\r\n35. Araoye, M. O. (2004). Research methodology with statistics for health and social sciences. subject selection, sample size determination. Nathadex Publishers, ISBN 978-36450-8-0: p 115-121\r\n36. Ogbusu, P. I., Nwoke, B. E., Njoku, A. J., Anosike, J. C. Uwaezuoke, J. C. (2004). Prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Owerri Municipality, Imo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology. ISSN: 111 9-023X. AJAZEB 6, pp 31-35\r\n37. https:\/\/en.mwikipedia.org &gt; wiki (Wikipedia.org; on Owerri population).\r\n38. Ugwa, E. A. (2015). Vitamin C Supplementation in Pregnancy: A review of current literature. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 12(1) Pp: 1-5. doi: 10.4103\/0331-8540.156660. http:\/\/www.njbcs.net\/text.asp?2015\/12\/1\/1\/156660\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chukwu Leo Clinton; Ekenjoku Azubuike John; Olisa Chinedu Lawrence; Ogabido Chukwudi Anthony; Ramalan Aliyu Mansur, Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka; Nwankwo Malarchy Ekwunife; Ezeigwe Chijioke Ogomegbunam; Chukwuka Benjamin Uzodinma, Nweze Sylvester Onuegbunam. Interactions of Ascorbic Acid with Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine in Parturients and their Controls. international journal of research and innovation in applied science (ijrias). Volume viii. Issue iv. Issn. No 2454-6194. April 2023 page no. 137-145<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/137-145.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/interactions-of-ascorbic-acid-with-intermittent-preventive-treatment-with-sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine-in-parturients-and-their-controls\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Interactions of Ascorbic Acid with Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine in Parturients and their Controls <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda581a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda5a27\" data-id=\"fda5a27\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda5bcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda5bcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda5c9a elementor-section-boxed 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda60e1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda62d3\" data-id=\"fda62d3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda6454 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda6454\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda6517 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda6517\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda6706\" data-id=\"fda6706\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda6883 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda6883\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda6946 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda6946\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda6b2b\" data-id=\"fda6b2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda6ca6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda6ca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda6d79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda6d79\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda6f6d\" data-id=\"fda6f6d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda70f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda70f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Comparative Study of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Levels of Pregnant Women on Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine and their Controls in Malaria Endeminicity <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Chukwu Leo Clinton; Ekenjoku Azubuike John; Olisa Chinedu Lawrence; Ogabido Chukwudi Anthony; Ramalan Aliyu Mansur; Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka, Chukwuka Benjamin Uzodinma; Ezeigwe Chijioke Ogomegbunam; Nwankwo Malarchy Ekwunife, Nweze Sylvester Onuegbunam- April 2023 Page No.: 146-155<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda71ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda71ce\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda73c9\" data-id=\"fda73c9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda7573 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fda7573\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Background: The issue of malaria prevention in endemic areas during antenatal periods needs continuous emphasis so as to achieve its desired goals. Its roles in reducing the problems of malaria in pregnancy has been proven. The problems of anaemia in pregnancy, preterm labours, small for gestational age babies have been greatly reduced by adequate practice of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine (IPT-SP). It is also advocated that optimal levels of antioxidants like Total Antioxidant status (TAC\/TAS) is necessary to assist pregnant women enjoy uneventful pregnancies as well as avert other problems associated with pregnancy. Such problems may include preterm births, neonatal anaemias, intrauterine growth retardations (IUGR), increased admissions into special care baby units and even neonatal deaths.\r\nObjectives: We have comparatively studied the plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity \/ Status levels in parturients who received intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (IPT-SP), and their controls during current confinements.\r\nMethod: This study was carried out at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Owerri Nigeria. Owerri, the capital of Imo state Nigeria and has a typical malaria endemic setting as seen in most parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. Ethical clearance and subsequent certification were obtained from the ethics committee of FMC Owerri enabling the commencement of the longitudinal recruitment of participants. This was after an adequate counseling and informed consent involving both groups. As a laboratory based, cross-sectional descriptive study, it involved 296 participants who clearly satisfied the inclusion criteria for either the study or control groups as allotted longitudinal. Participants were followed up after recruitment through their entire antenatal course till delivery to enable collection of blood samples for the estimation of Total Antioxidant Status\/Capacity which was done using the Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma, FRAP; by (Benzie and Strain, 1996). The methodology principle is based on the fact that at low pH, antioxidant power causes the reduction of ferric tripyridyl triazine (Fe III TPTZ) complex to ferrous form (which has an intense blue colour) that can be monitored by measuring the change in absorption at 593nm. FRAP values are obtained by comparing the absorbance change at 593 nm in mixture (test), with those containing ferrous ion in known concentration (Standard).\r\nData analysis: The data obtained was analysis using the computer Software Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 (SPSS, Inc, 2007, Chicago) while the descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range, percentages etc) were determined for continuous variables. P-value less than (&lt;0.05) at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.\r\nResult: The mean serum level of total antioxidant status (TAS) in the study group was 846.55 umol\/l while the minimum and maximum serum Total antioxidant status were 706 and 991 umol\/l respectively. For their controls, the mean serum level of Total antioxidant status was 833.70 umol\/l. However, the minimum and maximum serum Total antioxidant statuses were 291 and 1065 umol\/l respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.167) with odds ratio 1.00 (CI of 95% 0.997-1.006).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 146-155\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8416\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8416<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chukwu Leo Clinton<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ekenjoku Azubuike John <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. Coll. of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences, Abia State University Uturu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olisa Chinedu Lawrence<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogabido Chukwudi Anthony<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ramalan Aliyu Mansur<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Internal Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital \/ Bayero University Kano, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka Campus, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chukwuka Benjamin Uzodinma<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Pharmacology. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ezeigwe Chijioke Ogomegbunam <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwankwo Malarchy Ekwunife <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nweze Sylvester Onuegbunam<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Enugu State University College of Medicine (ESUCOM), Enugu Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Getachew, Geleta., and Tsige, Ketema. (2016). Severe malaria associated with plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax among children in Pawe Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Malaria Research and Treatment. ID 1240962, 7 pages. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/1240962\r\n2. Federal Ministry of Health [FOH Nigeria]; National antimalarial treatment guidelines. (2005). National Malaria and Vector Control Division, Abuja Nigeria\r\n3. Federal Ministry of Health [FOH Nigeria]; National guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of malarial. (2011). National Malaria and Vector Control 33 Division, Abuja Nigeria\r\n4. Thwing, J., Skarbinski, J., Newman, R. D. (2005). Malaria surveillance &#8212; United States, 2005. MMWR Surveill Summ, 56,23-40\r\n5. Newman, R. D., Parise, M. E., Barber, A. M., Steketee, R. W. (2004). Malaria-Related Deaths Among U.S. Travelers, 1963-200Ann Intern Med 2004;141: 547-55\r\n6. World Health Organization. (2000). Recommendation of Intermittent Preventive Therapy on Malaria, 2000\r\n7. http:\/\/www.malariajournal.com\/content\/6\/1\/16 (Andrew vallely et al 2007)\r\n8. World Health Organization (2004). A Strategic framework for malaria prevention and control during pregnancy in the Africa Region. World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa; 2004\r\n9. Nahlen B L (2000). Rolling Back Malaria. N Eng J Med, 343:651-652\r\n10. Falade, C. O., Yusuf, B. O, Fadero, F. F., Mokuolu, O. A., Hamer, D. H., Salako, L. A. (2007). Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine is effective in preventing maternal and placental malaria in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. Malaria Journal,6(88).doi:10.1186\/1475-2875-6-88. http:\/\/www.malariajournal.com\/content\/6\/1\/88\r\n11. Williams, N. (1996). Malaria hideout found in new mothers. Science, 272, 1416-1417\r\n12. World Health Organization, (2012). World Malaria Report 2012(a)\r\n13. World Health Organization. (2006). Guidelines for artemisinin combination therapy (act) regimens for combating malaria drug resistance; rational for combination therapy. WHO publishers, Geneva\r\n14. WHO Malaria definition of malaria. 2017. www.who.int&gt;facts-sheets&gt;detail&gt;malarias\r\n15. Tiyong, Ifoue., Herve, S., Teugwa, M. C., Gouado, I., Teto, G., Asonganyi, T.,\u2026 Amram, Z. P. H. (2009). Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant status of pregnant women suffering from malaria in Cameroon. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 24(3), 288-293\r\n16. Sandro, Pecario., Danilo, R. Moreira., Bruno, A. Q. Gomes., Michelli, E. S. Ferreira., Ana, C. M. Goncalves., Paula, S. O. C. Laurindo.,\u2026 Micheal, D. Green. (2012). Oxidative stress in malaria. Int J Mol Sci, 13(12), 16346-16372. Doi: 10.3390\/131216346. PMCID: PMC 3546694\r\n17. Sohail, M., Kaul, A., Raziuddin, M., Adak, T. (2007). Decreased Glutathione-S-Transferase activity: diagnostic and protective role in vivax malaria. Clin Biochem, 40, 377-382\r\n18. Claudio, A. M. Leal., Maria, R. C. Schetinger., Daniela, B. R. Leal., Vera, M. Morsch., Aleksandro, Schafer da Silva., Jo\u00e3o, F. P. Rezer.,\u2026 Jeandre Augusto dos Santos Jaques. (2013). Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in pregnant women. Communications in Free Radical Research, 16(6), pp 230-236 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/1351000211Y.0000000013\r\n19. Poston, L., Raijmakers, M. T. M. (2004). Trophoblast oxidative stress, antioxidants and pregnancy outcome\u2014A Review Placenta, 25, Supplement A, Trophoblast Research, 18, S72\u2013S78. doi:10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.01.003\r\n20. Wilinska, M., Borszewska-Kornacka, M. K., Niemiec, T., Jakiel, G. (2015),Oxidative stress and total antioxidant status in term newborns and their mothers. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 22(4), 736\u2013740. www.aaem.pl. doi: 10.5604\/12321966.1185786\r\n21. Buonocore, G., Groenendaal, F. (2007). Antioxidant strategies. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Med, 12, 287\u2013295. doi. 10.1016\/j.siny.2007.01.020\r\n22. Idogun, E. S., Odiegwu, M. E., Momoh, S. M., Okonofua, F. E. (2008). Effect of pregnancy on Total Antioxidant Capacity in Nigerian women. Pak J Med Sci (Part-i) Vol. 24(2), 292-295\r\n23. Jonathan, M. M., Nitin, K. G., Marit, J. R., Knight, M., Elizabeth, A. L., Sumwan, D. (1998). Circulating markers of oxidative stress is raised in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Briti J Obs Gyn, 105, 1195-9\r\n24. Uchenna, I. N., Fidelis, E. E. (2005). Serum Ascorbic acid levels during pregnancy in Enugu, Nigeria. J Coll Med, 10(1), 43-5.\r\n25. Adiga, U, Adiga, M. N. S. (2009). Total antioxidant activity in normal pregnancy. Online J. of Health and Allied sciences, 8(2), 0972-5997. http:\/\/www.ojhas.org\/issue30\/2009-2-8.htm\r\n26. Shrivastava, S., Kumar, S., Shrivastava, S. (2015). Free radicals and antioxidants enzymes status in normal pregnant women. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) ISSN 2320-6691 (Online) Sch. J. App. Med. Sci, 3(4B), 1703-1706 ISSN 2347-954X \u00a9Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher. www.saspublisher.com\r\n27. Chukwu, Leo Clinton (2019). Pharmacodynamic Effects of Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine on Pregnancy Outcome in Women Attending Cntenatal clinic and Their Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Intermittent Preventive Treatment. A PhD Thesis, December, 2019. Abia State University Utuery, Nigeria\r\n28. Maps-street-view.com\/Nigeria\/Owerri. (2011)\r\n29. Araoye, M. O. (2004). Research methodology with statistics for health and social sciences. subject selection, sample size determination. Nathadex Publishers, ISBN 978-36450-8-0: p 115-121\r\n30. Ogbusu, P. I., Nwoke, B. E., Njoku, A. J., Anosike, J. C. Uwaezuoke, J. C. (2004). Prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Owerri Municipality, Imo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology. ISSN: 111 9-023X. AJAZEB 6, pp 31-35\r\n31. Benzie, I. F. F., Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power. The FRAP Assay. Analytic Biochemistry, 239(1), 70-76\r\n32. Kaya, S., Keskin, H. L., Kaya, B., Ustuner, I., Avsar, A. F. (2013). Reduced total Antioxidant status in post term pregnancies. Hippokratia, 17(1),55-59\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chukwu Leo Clinton; Ekenjoku Azubuike John; Olisa Chinedu Lawrence; Ogabido Chukwudi Anthony; Ramalan Aliyu Mansur; Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka, Chukwuka Benjamin Uzodinma; Ezeigwe Chijioke Ogomegbunam; Nwankwo Malarchy Ekwunife,Nweze Sylvester Onuegbunam. Comparative Study of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Levels of Pregnant Women on Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine and their Controls in Malaria Endeminicity. international journal of research and innovation in applied science (ijrias). Volume viii. Issue iv. Issn. No 2454-6194. April 2023 page no. 146-155<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/146-155.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda974c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda974c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fda991e\" data-id=\"fda991e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda9aa2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda9aa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fda9f95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fda9f95\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdaa18e\" data-id=\"fdaa18e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdaa321 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdaa321\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Comprehensive Review on Advanced Adversarial Attack and Defense Strategies in Deep Neural Network <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Oliver Smith, Anderson Brown- April 2023 Page No.: 156-166<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdaa3f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdaa3f6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdaa5f0\" data-id=\"fdaa5f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdaa7c0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdaa7c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">In adversarial machine learning, attackers add carefully crafted perturbations to input, where the perturbations are almost imperceptible to humans, but can cause models to make wrong predictions. In this paper, we did comprehensive review of some of the most recent research, advancement and discoveries on adversarial attack, adversarial sampling generation, the potency or effectiveness of each of the existing attack methods, we also did comprehensive review on some of the most recent research, advancement and discoveries on adversarial defense strategies, the effectiveness of each defense methods, and finally we did comparison on effectiveness and potency of different adversarial attack and defense methods. We came to conclusion that adversarial attack will mainly be blackbox for the foreseeable future since attacker has limited or no knowledge of gradient use for NN model, we also concluded that as dataset becomes more complex, so will be increase in demand for scalable adversarial defense strategy to mitigate or combat attack, and we strongly recommended that any neural network model with or without defense strategy should regularly be revisited, with the source code continuously updated at regular interval to check for any vulnerability against newer attack.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 156-166\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8418\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8418<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oliver Smith<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anderson Brown<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. 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Implementation of data mining on a secure cloud computing over a web API using supervised machine learning algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 13(5), 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2022.0130501\r\n66. Ige, T., &amp; Adewale, S. (2022b). AI powered anti-cyber bullying system using machine learning algorithm of multinomial na\u00efve Bayes and optimized linear support vector machine. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 13(5), 5\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2022.0130502\r\n67. Ige, T., Kolade, A., Kolade, O. (2023). Enhancing Border Security and Countering Terrorism Through Computer Vision: A Field of Artificial Intelligence. In: Silhavy, R., Silhavy, P., Prokopova, Z. (eds) Data Science and Algorithms in Systems. CoMeSySo 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 597. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-21438-7_54\r\n68. Tosin Ige, William Marfo, Justin Tonkinson, Sikiru Adewale and Bolanle Hafiz Matti, \u201cAdversarial Sampling for Fairness Testing in Deep Neural Network\u201d International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 14(2), 2023. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2023.0140202\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oliver Smith, Anderson Brown &#8220;Comprehensive Review on Advanced Adversarial Attack and Defense Strategies in Deep Neural Network &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.156-166 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8418<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/156-166.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/comprehensive-review-on-advanced-adversarial-attack-and-defense-strategies-in-deep-neural-network25528\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Comprehensive Review on Advanced Adversarial Attack and Defense Strategies in Deep Neural Network <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdabc0a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdabc0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdabd2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdabd2e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdabf3c\" data-id=\"fdabf3c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdac0eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdac0eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdac1bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdac1bb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdac3b2\" data-id=\"fdac3b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdac534 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdac534\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdac606 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdac606\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdac7eb\" data-id=\"fdac7eb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdac966 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdac966\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdaca37 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdaca37\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdacc1d\" data-id=\"fdacc1d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdacd97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdacd97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdace71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdace71\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdad059\" data-id=\"fdad059\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdad1d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdad1d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdad2a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdad2a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdad498\" data-id=\"fdad498\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdad623 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdad623\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Understanding Kenyan Politics: The Case of Deputy Presidency from 1963 to 2022 <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Tinashe Gumbo- April 2023 Page No.: 167-173<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdad6f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdad6f9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdad8e2\" data-id=\"fdad8e2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdada7d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdada7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">According to Kenyan Constitution (2010, Section 147), the duties of the Deputy President (previously Vice President) include assisting the President with administrative tasks, representing the President in international forums, and filling any vacancies that may occur in the event that the current President passes away, is impeached, or is found guilty. The Deputy President is thus the second-highest political official in Kenya. Hence, the Vice President is Kenya\u2019s second-highest elected office. He or she is the President\u2019s assistant. Yet, since independence, there have consistently been disputes in Kenya between the State Presidents who have led the country successively and their deputies. This article attempts at finding the root that defines the disputes. The article also argues that while the Kenyans changed their constitution in 2010, the issue did not improve, instead, it became worse since the Deputy President is now being protected by the constitution from being dismissed by the President. Thus, continued friction has a serious impact on the lives of ordinary people. The article is hinged on desk review and some insights observed by the author as an \u201coutsider\u201d who resided in that country. The article is a modification of the essay developed and shared in public through the author\u2019s blog in 2022 as Kenya prepared for its general elections. The feedback received from the readers further shaped the article in its current form. The article takes a historical approach as it tracks the key events from 1963 to 2022 with regard to the two offices in Kenya. It concludes that the problem emanated from ambitious deputies but was also amplified by the insecurities felt by the successive Presidents. The article recommends a review of the constitution to allow members of the public to decide on the fate of a deputy president in extreme cases.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 167-173\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8417\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8417<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tinashe Gumbo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAll Africa Conference of Churches\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Agutu, N. (2020). &#8216;From Saitoti to Mudavadi&#8217;: Vice Presidents who served under Moi Retrieved from, the-star.co.ke, on10 July 2022\r\n2. Ahere, J. (2012). Kenyan Elections, 2013: Can the Precipe Be Avoided? in Africa and Conflict Journal, 1-67, University for Peace Africa Programme\r\n3. Arogo, no initials. (2021). Where&#8217;s Moody Awori, Concerned Kenyan Question After the Veteran Politician Goes Missing from Public &#8211; Opera News, Retrieved on 10 July 2022\r\n4. Brookings, (2012). Kenya in Transition: A Conversation with Vice President Stephen Kalonzo Musyoka Retrieved from brookings.edu, Interview, on 10 July 2022\r\n5. Bushsnob, (n.d.). Joseph Zuzarte Murumbi (1911\u20131990) | A Bushsnob in Africa, Retrieved on 10 July 2022\r\n6. Campos, A. (2020). Transformational Leadership Theory, PennState Leadership, Retrieved from https:\/\/sites.psu.edu\/leadership\/2020\/11\/05\/transformational-leadership-theory\/\r\n7. Claassens, A. and Budlender, G., (n.d.). Transformative Constitutionalism and Customary Law, Constitutional Court Review, Number 75, 75-104\r\n8. Collins, K. (2022). Michael Wamalwa: The Man Who Married After Educating All His Siblings, died 3 Months After Wedding | MKENYA LEO, Retrieved on 10 July 2022\r\n9. Constitution of Kenya, 2010\r\n10. Kai Eli, T. (2022). History Will Judge William Ruto Harshly for Absconding Duty, Putting Self Over Country &#8211; Tuko.co.ke, Retrieved on 7 July 2022\r\n11. Kareithi, A. (2020). Karanja: Diplomat who became VP but lost favor and quit &#8211; The Standard Retrieved from standard media.co.ke on 10 July 2022\r\n12. Kibet, E., and Fombad, C. (2017). Transformative Constitutionalism and the Adjudication of Constitutional Rights in Africa, African Human Rights Law Journal, Volume 17, 340-366\r\n13. Khan, K.Z., Nawaz, A. and Khan, I. (2016). Leadership Theories and Styles: A Literature Review, Journal of Resources Development and Management, Volume 16, 1-7.\r\n14. Mito, W. (2022). 6 Powerful Positions Mwai Kibaki Held &#8211; Kenyans.co.ke, Retrieved on 10 July 2022\r\n15. Ngome, P.M.N. (2021). The history of Raila Odinga and his father, history of Raila Odinga and his father \u2013 WESTERN KENYA CULTURAL HERITAGE, Retrieved from wordpress.com on 7 June 2022\r\n16. Nyaberi, M., (2019). Vice presidents who became presidents, Retrieved from hivisasa.com on 8 July 2022\r\n17. Ohito, D. (2006). Kenya: Jaramogi Stood Out as a Lone Voice for the Poor, The East African\r\n18. Pildes, R. (2010). Political Parties and Constitutionalism, New York University Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers, Paper 179, 1-20\r\n19. Plessis, L du. (2015). Theoretical (Dis-) Position and Strategic Leitmotivs in Constitutional Interpretation in South Africa, P.E.R., Volume 18, Number 5, 1332-1365\r\n20. Standard, Kenya: Jaramogi Stood Out as a Lone Voice for the Poor, Retrieved from allAfrica.com on 8 June 2022\r\n21. The Citizen, (2020). The curse of Kenya\u2019s vice presidency &#8211; The Citizen, Retrieved on 10 July 2022\r\n22. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, (n.d.). Mwai Kibaki | Biography &amp; Facts | Britannica, Retrieved on 10 July 2022\r\n23. Verini, J. (2013). The Fall and Rise of Raila Odinga, Foreign Policy, Retrieved on 7 June 2022\r\n24. VOA, (2009). Kenya&#8217;s Moi Fires VP Saitoti &#8211; 2002-08-30, Retrieved from voanews.com on 10 July 2022\r\n25. Yalo, I. (2021). Why Kalonzo Musyoka May Become the Next President of Kenya &#8211; Opera News, Retrieved on 10 July 2022\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tinashe Gumbo &#8220;Understanding Kenyan Politics: The Case of Deputy Presidency from 1963 to 2022 &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.167-173 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8417<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/167-173.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/understanding-kenyan-politics-the-case-of-deputy-presidency-from-1963-to-2022\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Understanding Kenyan Politics: The Case of Deputy Presidency from 1963 to 2022 <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdaee5d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdaee5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-fdb1052\" data-id=\"fdb1052\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb11ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb11ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb12c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb12c1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb1497\" data-id=\"fdb1497\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb1634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb1634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb1701 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb1701\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb18ea\" data-id=\"fdb18ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb1a9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb1a9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Cannabis sativa: Botany, Cross Pollination and Plant Breeding Problems <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ravindra B. Malabadi, Kiran P. Kolkar, Raju K. Chalannavar, Lavanya L, Gholamreza Abdi- April 2023 Page No.: 174-190<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb1b68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb1b68\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb1d72\" data-id=\"fdb1d72\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb1f3d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdb1f3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This review paper highlights about the Cannabis botany, problems of cross pollination, lack of Germplasm collection and absence of Genebank facilities have been discussed. Cannabis is a dioecious species, meaning that male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. The risk of cross-pollination in Cannabis is one of the unique major challenge in Cannabis industry. More research can be conducted to assess the risk of cross-pollination in Cannabis and policy should be created to mitigate that risk. Cannabis research work remains years behind than other crops because of the long legacy of prohibition and stigmatization. However, lack of public germplasm repositories remains an unresolved problem in the Cannabis industry. Therefore, accessible germplasm resources are crucial for long-term economic viability, preserving genetic diversity, breeding, innovation, and long-term sustainability of the Cannabis crop. Germplasm accessions are the building blocks for breeding of new cultivars. However, there are no public seed or Clonal gene banks for Medical Cannabis sativa (marijuana or drug type). On the other hand there are some public hemp collections. Despite its economic, medicinal, and societal importance, Medical Cannabis sativa (marijuana or drug type) is missing from the list of available species in public Genebanks and only exist as private collections. Most of the Cannabis varieties in the market today are hybrids (700 hybrid strains) with both Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica genetics. Hence there should be a public Cannabis Genebanks to play a fuller and more effective role in conservation, sustainable use, and exchange of Cannabis genetic resources.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 174-190\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8419\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8419<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ravindra B. Malabadi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka State, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kiran P. Kolkar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Botany, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad-580003, Karnataka State, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Raju K. Chalannavar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka State, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lavanya L<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bangalore -560064, Karnataka state, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gholamreza Abdi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 7516, Iran\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Malabadi RB, Kolkar KP, Chalannavar RK. Cannabis sativa: Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry. International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review. 2023; 5(2): 3990-3998.\r\n2. Malabadi RB, Kolkar KP, Acharya M, Chalannavar RK. Cannabis sativa: CANNABIS SATIVA: MEDICINAL PLANT WITH 1000 MOLECULES of Pharmaceutical Interest. International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review. 2023; 5 (2):3999-4005.\r\n3. Malabadi RB, Kolkar KP, Chalannavar RK. CANNABIS SATIVA: Industrial hemp (fiber type) &#8211; An Ayurvedic Traditional Herbal Medicine. International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review. 2023; 5 (2): 4040-4046.\r\n4. Flaj\u0161man M, Slapnik M, Murovec J. Production of Feminized Seeds of High CBD Cannabis sativa L. by Manipulation of Sex Expression and Its Application to Breeding. Front. Plant Sci. 2021; 12:718092. doi: 10.3389\/fpls.2021.718092.\r\n5. Malabadi RB, Kolkar KP, Chalannavar RK. Medical Cannabis sativa (Marijuana or Drug type); The story of discovery of \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review. 2023; 5: (3)4134-4143.\r\n6. Clendinning J. Observation on the medicinal properties of Cannabis sativa of India. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions. 1843; 26: 188\u2013210.\r\n7. Dwarakanath C. Use of opium and cannabis in the traditional systems of medicine in India. Bull Narc. 1965; 17: 15\u201319.\r\n8. Sanyal PK. A story of medicine and pharmacy in India: Pharmacy 2000 years ago and after. Shri Amitava Sanyal, Calcutta. 1964.\r\n9. Aldrich MR. Tantric Cannabis use in India. J. Psychedelic Drugs. 1977; 9: 227\u2013233.\r\n10. Wujastyk D. Cannabis in traditionnal Indian herbal medicine. In: A Salema (ed.): Ayudveda at the crossroad of care and cure. Universidade Nova, Lisbon. 2002; 45\u201373.\r\n11. O\u2019Shaughnessy WB. On the preparations of the Indian hemp, or Gunjah (Cannabis indica). Their effects on the animal system in health, and their utility in the treatment of tetanus and other convulsive diseases. Provincial Medical Journal and Retrospect of the Medical Sciences. 1843; 5: 343\u2013347, 363\u2013369: 397\u2013398.\r\n12. O\u2019Shaughnessy WB (1838\u20131840) On the preparations of the Indian hemp, or gunjah (Cannabis 18 E. Russo indica); Their effects on the animal system in health, and their utility in the treatment of tetanus and other convulsive diseases. Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Bengal. 1838-1840; 71\u2013102, 421\u2013461.\r\n13. Ley W. Observations on the Cannabis indica, or Indian hemp. Provincial Medical Journal and Retrospect of the Medical Sciences. 1843; 5: 487\u2013489.\r\n14. Abioye A, Ayodele O, Marinkovic A, Patidar R, Akinwekomi A, Sanyaolu A et al. \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV): A commentary on potential therapeutic benefit for the management of obesity and diabetes. J. Cannabis Res. 2020; 2: 6.\r\n15. 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International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review. 2023; 5 (4): 4340-4349.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ravindra B. Malabadi, Kiran P. Kolkar, Raju K. 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb3e43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb3e43\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb4017\" data-id=\"fdb4017\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb41d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb41d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb42a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb42a2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb4485\" data-id=\"fdb4485\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb4613 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb4613\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb46dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb46dd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb48b9\" data-id=\"fdb48b9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb4a47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb4a47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb4b0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb4b0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb4d17\" data-id=\"fdb4d17\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb4eaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb4eaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Acceptance of the Covid-19 Vaccine to Nurses at the Lhokseumawe City Health Center <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mursal, Meutia Zuhra, Fitri Yani, Novia Rizana, Nanda Fitria, Afriyanti- April 2023 Page No.: 191-194<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb4f77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb4f77\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb517d\" data-id=\"fdb517d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb5314 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdb5314\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Nurses who stand at the front lines in providing health services to the community have a high risk of contracting the Covid-19 disease, so nurses become the main priority group in receiving the Covid-19 vaccine. This study aims to determine the description of the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine to nurses at the Lhokseumawe City Health Center. This study used a descriptive research design. The population in this study was all nurses who worked in all Public Health Centers in Lhokseumawe City, amounting to 258 people. Sampling using total sampling with a sample of 258 respondents.The data collection technique used a checklist sheet for the Covid-19 vaccination coverage for nurses at the Lhokseumawe City Health Center. The results of the univariate data analysis showed that the majority of Covid-19 vaccine receipts to nurses in Lhokseumawe City were in the complete category, namely 214 people (82.9%), while the Covid-19 vaccine receipts were in the incomplete category, namely 44 people (17.1%).The majority of nurses at the Lhokseumawe City Health Center received a complete Covid-19 vaccination. So it is recommended that respondents who have not received the complete Covid-19 vaccine can immediately take the next dose of the Covid-19 vaccine to increase their immunity from the coronavirus.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 191-194\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8420\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8420<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mursal<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Meutia Zuhra<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fitri Yani<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Novia Rizana<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nanda Fitria<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Afriyanti<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Arumsari, W., Desty, R. T., &amp; Kusumo, W. E. G. (2021). Gambaran Penerimaan Vaksin COVID-19 di Kota Semarang. Indonesian Journal of Health Community, 2(1), 35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31331\/ijheco.v2i1.1682\r\n2. Barry, M., Temsah, M. H., Aljamaan, F., Saddik, B., Al-Eyadhy, A., Alenezi, S., Alamro, N., Alhuzaimi, A. N., Alhaboob, A., Alhasan, K., Alsohime, F., Alaraj, A., Halwani, R., Jamal, A., Temsah, O., Alzamil, F., Somily, A., &amp; Al-Tawfiq, J. A. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine uptake among healthcare workers in the fourth country to authorize BNT162b2 during the first month of rollout. Vaccine, 39(40), 5762\u20135768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.VACCINE.2021.08.083\r\n3. Kemenkes, RI. (2021). Buku saku infovaksin.\r\n4. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, ITAGI, U. and W. (2020). Survei penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 di Indonesia | UNICEF Indonesia. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/indonesia\/id\/coronavirus\/laporan\/survei-penerimaan-vaksin-covid-19-di-indonesia\r\n5. Peterson, C. J., Lee, B., &amp; Nugent, K. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers\u2014A Review. Vaccines, 10(6), 1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10060948\r\n6. Puslitbang Bimas Agama dan Layanan Keagamaan. (2021). Survei Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tindakan Umat Beragama Terkait COVID-19, Vaksin dan Vaksinasi (Issue 1). https:\/\/balitbangdiklat.kemenag.go.id\/upload\/files\/LAPORAN Survei_Umat_Vaksin %28edit_11.1.21%29.pdf\r\n7. Skirrow, H., Barnett, S., Bell, S., Riaposova, L., Mounier-Jack, S., Kampmann, B., &amp; Holder, B. (2022). Women\u2019s views on accepting COVID-19 vaccination during and after pregnancy, and for their babies: a multi-methods study in the UK. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04321-3\r\n8. Syamaidzar. (2020). Review vaksin Covid-19. Universitas Indonesia.\r\n9. Vasilevska, M., Ku, J., &amp; Fisman, D. N. (2014). Factors Associated with Healthcare Worker Acceptance of Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology, 35(6), 699\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/676427\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mursal, Meutia Zuhra, Fitri Yani, Novia Rizana, Nanda Fitria, Afriyanti &#8220;Acceptance of the Covid-19 Vaccine to Nurses at the Lhokseumawe City Health Center &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.191-194 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8420<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/191-194.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/acceptance-of-the-covid-19-vaccine-to-nurses-at-the-lhokseumawe-city-health-center\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Acceptance of the Covid-19 Vaccine to Nurses at the Lhokseumawe City Health Center <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb673b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdb673b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb6879 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb6879\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb6a86\" data-id=\"fdb6a86\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb6c2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb6c2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb6d02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb6d02\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb6ee3\" data-id=\"fdb6ee3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb707e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb707e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb7159 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb7159\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb733d\" data-id=\"fdb733d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb74bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb74bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb758e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb758e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb7773\" data-id=\"fdb7773\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb78f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb78f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb79c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb79c0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb7b9b\" data-id=\"fdb7b9b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb7d21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb7d21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb7de7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb7de7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb7fd9\" data-id=\"fdb7fd9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb8165 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb8165\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Performance Evaluation of Local Binary Patterns LBP for Copy-Move Forgery Detection in Digital Images: A Comparative Study <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin- April 2023 Page No.: 195-202<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb822c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb822c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb8428\" data-id=\"fdb8428\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb85c3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdb85c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Copy-move forgery is a type of image tampering that involves copying a portion of an image and pasting it to another part of the same image with the intention of deceiving the viewer. In recent years, many approaches have been proposed to detect copy-move forgery, including those based on local binary patterns (LBP). In this paper, we perform a comprehensive evaluation of LBP-based methods for copy-move forgery detection using a dataset of 50 digital images. We compare the performance of four LBP-based methods, namely LBP, SIFT and SURF using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Our results show that LBP outperforms the other methods in terms of accuracy and F1-score, while SIFT has the highest precision and recall. We also investigate the effect of various parameters, such as patch size and threshold values, on the performance of LBP. Our study provides valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of LBP-based methods for copy-move forgery detection, which can guide future research in this area. This study evaluates the performance of Local Binary Patterns (LBP) for detecting copy-move forgery in digital images. LBP is a widely used feature extraction technique in image processing and has been applied to various computer vision tasks, including forgery detection. The comparative study involves analyzing the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of LBP and other popular forgery detection techniques, including SIFT and SURF, using a dataset of 50 digital images. The results show that LBP performs better than the other techniques, achieving an accuracy of 96.6%, precision of 94.0%, recall of 100%, and F1-score of 96.9%. This study provides useful insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of forgery detection, particularly for those interested in using LBP as a feature extraction technique.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 195-202\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8421\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8421<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Information Science, University of Information Technology, Myanmar\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Arora, S., &amp; Yadav, S. (2015). A Novel Approach for Copy-Move Forgery Detection Based on Local Binary Pattern Features and SIFT Descriptor. International Journal of Scientific Research, 4(9), 129-132.\r\n2. P. Mohanta et al. (2019)&#8221;A Comparative Study of Feature Extraction Techniques for Copy-Move Forgery Detection&#8221;.\r\n3. M. F. Akbar et al. (2016). A copy-move forgery detection technique based on SURF feature extraction and KD-tree. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 75(20), 12825-12851.\r\n4. S. Singh et al. (2015)&#8221;Performance Evaluation of Feature Extraction Techniques for Copy-Move Forgery Detection in Digital Images&#8221;.\r\n5. M. Chen et al. (2017). Copy-move forgery detection based on a SURF-LBP combined approach. Signal, Image and Video Processing, 11(6), 1067-1074.\r\n6. H. Li et al. (2017). Copy-move forgery detection based on the integrated features of LBP and SIFT. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76(15), 15503-15522.\r\n7. H. Singh et al. (2017)&#8221;A Comparative Study of Feature Extraction Techniques for Copy-Move Forgery Detection&#8221;.\r\n8. Rahmatizadeh, G., Sadeghi, M. T., &amp; Rabiee, H. R. (2013). Copy-Move Forgery Detection Using Rotation Invariant Features Based on Local Binary Patterns. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 24(7), 921-932.\r\n9. A. Jain and A. Mishra (2016)&#8221;Copy-Move Forgery Detection using SIFT Algorithm&#8221;.\r\n10. Yousefi, M. R., &amp; Jafari, A. (2015). Copy-Move Forgery Detection Based on Local Binary Patterns and Robust Keypoints Matching. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 6(2), 175-183.\r\n11. S. Saxena et al. (2018)&#8221;Copy-Move Forgery Detection using SIFT Features and its Variants: A Comprehensive Review&#8221;.\r\n12. S. Saha and S. Sarkar. (2019). A comparative analysis of SIFT and SURF for copy-move forgery detection. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 78(5), 5915-5936.\r\n13. Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin, Si Thu, J.Samuel Manoharan (2022). &#8220;Copy Move Forgery Detection for Digital Image Forensics using Edge Detection and Color Auto-Correlogram&#8221; Published in International Journal of Trend in Research and Development (IJTRD), ISSN: 2394-9333, Volume-9 | Issue-2.\r\n14. S. S. Rathore and B. K. Panigrahi. (2015). A copy-move forgery detection technique using DWT and SIFT. International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, 8(1), 103-114.\r\n15. Yousefi, M. R., &amp; Sadeghi, M. T. (2016). Copy-Move Forgery Detection Using Local Binary Pattern and Zernike Moments. Journal of Multimedia Tools and Applications, 75(4), 1917-1934.\r\n16. Zhang, Y., Wang, W., Jia, Z., &amp; Zhang, D. (2012). Copy-Move Forgery Detection Using Multi-scale Local Binary Pattern and Entropy Features. Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 3(2), 87-94.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin &#8220;Performance Evaluation of Local Binary Patterns LBP for Copy-Move Forgery Detection in Digital Images: A Comparative Study &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.195-202 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8421<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/195-202.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/performance-evaluation-of-local-binary-patterns-lbp-for-copy-move-forgery-detection-in-digital-images-a-comparative-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Performance Evaluation of Local Binary Patterns LBP for Copy-Move Forgery Detection in Digital Images: A Comparative Study <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb9978 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdb9978\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb9ab9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb9ab9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb9cc0\" data-id=\"fdb9cc0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb9e6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb9e6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdb9f36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdb9f36\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdba118\" data-id=\"fdba118\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdba2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdba2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdba376 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdba376\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdba554\" data-id=\"fdba554\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdba6ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdba6ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdba7b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdba7b0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdba989\" data-id=\"fdba989\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbab1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdbab1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbabe6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdbabe6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdbaddc\" data-id=\"fdbaddc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbaf5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdbaf5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbb026 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdbb026\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdbb231\" data-id=\"fdbb231\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbb3bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdbb3bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Beneficial Effect of The Yeast Enriched with Nano Zinc Particles on Mineral Status of Grape Seedlings <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Rasha, S. Abdel-Hak, Shimaa, R. Hamed, Saleh, M.M.S., Merwad, M.A.- April 2023 Page No.: 203-211<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbb490 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdbb490\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdbb696\" data-id=\"fdbb696\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbb853 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdbb853\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This investigation included two integrated experiments, the first one is the microbiological experiment that carried out in Microbial Biotechnology Department, NRC, Cairo, Egypt, where multiple incorporation strategies were used for production zinc oxide Nanoparticles by enrichment of yeast with zinc including; (1): In the first procedure, zinc was added to the liquid medium just after the yeast was inoculated (growth phase), (2): For integration, it was added after 24 h of incubation (non-growth phase) in the second procedure. The obtained results showed that the first method (growth phase) was adopted in order to reduce the chance of medium contamination. Zinc sulphate has no passive effect on yeast cell biomass. The second experiment is horticultural one which was done in National Research Centre greenhouse on Flame seedless grape seedlings which included five treatments as follows: control (spraying with water only), frozen yeast enriched with zinc (as foliar spray), active yeast enriched with zinc (as foliar spray), frozen yeast enriched with zinc (as soil application) and active yeast enriched with zinc (as soil application). When zinc content in the grape leaves as ppm was examine after 15 days, the results showed that active fresh yeast enriched with zinc that treated as foliar spray recorded the highest rate of zinc in grape leaves (180 ppm), followed by active fresh yeast enriched with zinc as soil application which recorded 170.8 ppm. On the other hand, the untreated plants (control) showed the lowest value of zinc in the leaves (91.6 ppm) when compared with the other treatments.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 203-211\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8422\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8422<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rasha, S. Abdel-Hak<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPomology Dept., Biological and Agricultural Research Institute, National Research Centre El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shimaa, R. Hamed<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMicrobial Biotechnology Dept., Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Saleh, M.M.S.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPomology Dept., Biological and Agricultural Research Institute, National Research Centre El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Merwad, M.A.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPomology Dept., Biological and Agricultural Research Institute, National Research Centre El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. 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Saleem, M.H., Ali, S., Rehman, M., Rana, M.S., Rizwan, M., Kamran, M. (2020a). Influence of phosphorus on copper phytoextraction via modulating cellular organelles in two jute (Corchorus capsularis l.) varieties grown in a copper mining soil of hubei province, China Chemosphere, 248, 126032. doi: 10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126032.\r\n35. Saleem, M.H., Rehman, M., Fahad, S., Tung, S.A., Iqbal, N., Hassan, A. (2020b). Leaf gas exchange, oxidative stress, and physiological attributes of rapeseed (Brassica napus l.) grown under different light-emitting diodes. Photosynthetica, 58 (3), 836\u2013845. doi: 10.32615\/ps.2020.010.\r\n36. Shafeek, M.R.; Asmaa, R.M.; Aisha, H.A.; Magda, M.H. and Singer, S.M. (2015). Effect of different levels of potassium applied with foliar spraying of yeast on growth, yield and root quality of turnip under sandy soil conditions. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 4: 868\u2013877.\r\n37. Shehata, S.A.; Fawzy, Z.F. and El-Ramady, H.R. (2012). Response of Cucumber Plants to Foliar Application of Chitosan and Yeast under Greenhouse Conditions. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 6: 63\u201371.\r\n38. Shimaa R. Hamed, Rasha S. Abdel-Hak, Mohamed M.S. Saleh, Abdel-Rahman M.A. Merwad (2023). Impact of active fresh yeast enriched with zinc on yield and fruit quality of Flame Seedless grapes. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 66 (2): 435 \u2013 448.\r\n39. Sofo, A., Moreira, I., Gattullo, C.E., Martins, L.L., and Mourato, M. (2018). Antioxidant responses of edible and model plant species subjected to subtoxic zinc concentrations. J. Trace Elements Med. Biol., 49, 261\u2013268. doi: 10.1016\/ j.jtemb.2018.02.010.\r\n40. Subbaiah, L.V., Prasad, T.N.V.K.V., Krishna, T.G., Sudhakar, P., Reddy, B.R., and Pradeep, T. (2016). Novel effects of nanoparticulate delivery of zinc on growth, productivity, and zinc biofortification in maize (Zea mays l.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 64 (19), 3778\u20133788. doi: 10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b00838.\r\n41. Verma, P.K., Verma, S., Chakrabarty, D., and Pandey, N. (2021). Biotechnological approaches to enhance zinc uptake and utilization efficiency in cereal crops. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 21 (3), 2412\u20132424. doi: 10.1007\/s42729-021- 00532-x.\r\n42. Vieira, E.F.; Carvalho, J.; Pinto, E.; Cunha, S.; Almeida, A. and Ferreira, I. (2016). Nutritive value, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds profile of brewer\u2019s spent yeast extract. J. Food Compos. Anal., 52: 44\u201351.\r\n43. Wu, C.Y., Lu, L.L., Yang, X.E., Feng, Y., Wei, Y.Y., Hao, H.L. (2010). Uptake, translocation, and remobilization of zinc absorbed at different growth stages by rice genotypes of different Zn densities. J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 6767\u20136773. doi: 10.1021\/jf100017e.\r\n44. Xi, Q.; Lai W.; Cui Y., Wu H. and Zhao T. (2019). Effect of yeast extract on seedling growth promotion and soil improvement in afforestation in a semiarid chestnut soil area. Forests, 10, 76. doi:10.3390\/f10010076.\r\n45. Xie, R., Zhao, J., Lu, L., Ge, J., Brown, P.H., Wei, S. (2019). Efficient phloem remobilization of Zn protects apple trees during the early stages of Zn deficiency. Plant Cell Environ., 42, 3167\u20133181. doi: 10.1111\/pce.1 3621.\r\n46. Xue, Y.F., Xia, H.Y., McGrath, S.P., Shewry, P.R., and Zhao, F.J. (2015). Distribution of the stable isotopes 57Fe and 68Zn in grain tissues of various wheat lines differing in their phytate content. Plant Soil, 396, 73\u201383. doi: 10. 1007\/s11104-015-2582-6.\r\n47. Yang, M., Li, Y., Liu, Z., Tian, J., Liang, L., Qiu, Y. (2020). A high activity zinc transporter OsZIP9 mediates zinc uptake in rice. Plant Journal, 103, 1695\u20131709.\r\n48. Zaheer, I.E., Ali, S., Saleem, M.H., Ali, M., Riaz, M., Javed, S. (2020a). Interactive role of zinc and iron lysine on Spinacia oleracea l. growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity irrigated with tannery wastewater. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants, 26 (12), 2435\u20132452.\r\n49. Zaheer, I.E., Ali, S., Saleem, M.H., Arslan Ashraf, M., Ali, Q., Abbas, Z. (2020b). Zinc-lysine supplementation mitigates oxidative stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus l.) by preventing phytotoxicity of chromium, when irrigated with tannery wastewater. Plants, 9, 1145. . doi: 10.3390\/plants9091145.\r\n50. Zaheer, I.E., Ali, S., Saleem, M.H., Yousaf, H.S., Malik, A., Abbas, Z. (2022). Combined application of zinc and iron-lysine and its effects on morphophysiological traits, antioxidant capacity and chromium uptake in rapeseed (Brassica napus l.). PloS One, 17, e0262140. . doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0262140.\r\n51. Zhang, Q., and Brown, P.H. (1999). Distribution and transport of foliar applied zinc in pistachio. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 124, 433\u2013436. doi: 10.21273\/JASHS. 124.4.433.\r\n52. Zhang, Y.Y., Stockmann R., Ng K., Ajlouni S. (2020). Revisiting phytate-element interactions: implications for iron, zinc and calcium bioavailability, with emphasis on legumes. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 62 (6), 1\u201317. doi: 10.1080\/10408398.2020.1846014.\r\n53. Zlobin, I.E. (2021). Current understanding of plant zinc homeostasis regulation mechanisms. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 162, 327\u2013335. doi: 10.1016\/j.plaphy.2021.03.003.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rasha, S. Abdel-Hak, Shimaa, R. Hamed, Saleh, M.M.S., Merwad, M.A. &#8220;The Beneficial Effect of The Yeast Enriched with Nano Zinc Particles on Mineral Status of Grape Seedlings &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.203-211 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8422<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/203-211.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-beneficial-effect-of-the-yeast-enriched-with-nano-zinc-particles-on-mineral-status-of-grape-seedlings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Beneficial Effect of The Yeast Enriched with Nano Zinc Particles on Mineral Status of Grape Seedlings <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbcc70 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdbcc70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbcdae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdbcdae\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdbcfb1\" data-id=\"fdbcfb1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbd16b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdbd16b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbd23c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdbd23c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdbd413\" data-id=\"fdbd413\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbd5b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdbd5b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbd681 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdbd681\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdbd858\" data-id=\"fdbd858\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbd9f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdbd9f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbdac0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdbdac0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdbdcb7\" data-id=\"fdbdcb7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbde3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdbde3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbdf04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdbdf04\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdbe0fb\" data-id=\"fdbe0fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbe27d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdbe27d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbe342 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdbe342\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdbe54f\" data-id=\"fdbe54f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbe6d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdbe6d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Improving Concrete Strength with Bamboo (Bambuseae) Fibers <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Rey Avila Mangarin, Rex Normandy Pagas, Keith Cyruz Chua- April 2023 Page No.: 212-216<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbe799 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdbe799\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdbe99c\" data-id=\"fdbe99c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbeb36 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdbeb36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This research study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the Bamboo (Bambuseae) Fibers as medium for enhancing the durability and strength of the concrete and compare it to the common ones without fibers. This study utilized the experimental approach in quantitative research to ensure the fairness of the result. The study was conducted in Sto. Tomas National High School last September 2018. To test the effectiveness of the fiber to the concrete, the researchers conducted a 6-feet drop test along with the ones without fibers. The data gathered were analyzed using Chi- square test to determine the significant effect of the bamboo fiber in enhancing the concrete cement. It was found out that the concrete with fiber is more durable than the ones without fibers after the Drop test. This study encourages the use of bamboo fibers to enhance the strength and durability of the concrete.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 212-216\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8423\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8423<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rey Avila Mangarin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssociate Professor, The University of Mindanao\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rex Normandy Pagas<\/strong><\/span>\r\nStudent, Sto.Tomas National High School\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Keith Cyruz Chua<\/strong><\/span>\r\nStudent, Sto.Tomas National High School\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1. Dewi, Sri &amp; Wijaya, Ming &amp; Remayanti, Christin. (2017). the use of bamboo fiber in reinforced concrete beam to reduce crack. AIP Conference Proceedings. 1887. 020003. 10.1063\/1.5003486. Retrieved on September 24, 2018 from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/320128561 the use of bamboo fiber in reinforced concrete beam to reduce crack\r\n2. Norton, Joan. (n.d.). rWhich Climate Will Bamboo Grow In? Home Guides | SF Gate.\r\n3. Retrieved on September 28, 2018 from http:\/\/homeguides.sfgate.com\/ climate-bamboo-grow-in-68358.htm.l\r\n4. S. Wang (2016). Technical Service Engineer at Belzona Inc. \/ Buildings and Structures Industry. Retrieved on October 3, 2018 from https:\/\/medium.com\/@swang.belzona\/common-concrete-problems- retrieved on:\r\n5. K. Johnson. (2011). Drop Test studentsrebuild.org. Retrieved on October 12, 2018 from https:\/\/www.studentsrebuild.org\/blog\/2011-07-31\/drop-test\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rey Avila Mangarin, Rex Normandy Pagas, Keith Cyruz Chua &#8220;Improving Concrete Strength with Bamboo (Bambuseae) Fibers &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.212-216 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8423<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/212-216.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/improving-concrete-strength-with-bamboo-bambuseae-fibers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Improving Concrete Strength with Bamboo (Bambuseae) Fibers <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbfefd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdbfefd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc0057 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc0057\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc0262\" data-id=\"fdc0262\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc0415 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc0415\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc04ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc04ef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc06c5\" data-id=\"fdc06c5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc0866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc0866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc0936 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc0936\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc0b02\" data-id=\"fdc0b02\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc0ca0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc0ca0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc0d6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc0d6d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc0f3f\" data-id=\"fdc0f3f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc10d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc10d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc11a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc11a3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc1387\" data-id=\"fdc1387\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc151f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc151f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc15e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc15e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc17f0\" data-id=\"fdc17f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc1987 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc1987\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Capacity Building Needed by Retirees in Snail Production for Poverty Alleviation in Benue State, Nigeria  <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gbeyongu Frederick Terkimbi, Ngbongha Innocent Okpa, Onu Deborah Ogbene, and Dahiru Daniel Ada- April 2023 Page No.: 217-226<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc1a55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc1a55\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc1c67\" data-id=\"fdc1c67\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc1e22 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdc1e22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This paper focused on capacity building needed by retirees in snail production in Benue state, Nigeria. Four objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study with hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design with a sample of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents for data collection. Instrument titled: Capacity Building for Retirees in Snail Production (CBRSP) was structured by the researcher from the literature reviewed and face validated by three experts. The internal consistency of the instrument was determined using cronbach alpha with a coefficient of 0.82 obtained. The data collected was analyzed using frequency, mean and standard deviation to answer research questions while Chi square was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. It was observed that twelve (12) capacities in rearing snails, ten (10)  in harvesting snail products, seven (7) capacities in poverty alleviation and thirteen (13) constraints faced by retirees were all needed for effective snail production in Benue State. It was recommended amongst others that seminars, symposium and workshops be organized by Government and Non-Governmental Organizations to train their workforce in snail production before proceeding to retire them so that they can have a skill and be useful to themselves and the society after retirement.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 217-226\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8424\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8424<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gbeyongu Frederick Terkimbi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Education, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ngbongha Innocent Okpa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Education, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onu Deborah Ogbene<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Education, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dahiru Daniel Ada<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Education, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1.\tBasil S.P., Victor B., and Chinoye J.A., Human Capacity Building and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A Value Base Analysis. Best International Journal. Vol 3 no 2, 2017.\r\n2.\tUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.\r\n3.\tIkharehon, J.I., Capacity building for national sustainable development: The Nigerian experience. Journal of Social Science, 15(1): 25-29, 2007.\r\n4.\tIsola W.A., and Alani R.A., Human Capital Development and Economic Growth: Empirical evidence from Nigeria. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 2(7): 813 \u2013 827, 2012.\r\n5.\tDyer C. &#8220;A suffolk farmer in the fifteenth century&#8221;. Agricultural history review 55 (1): 1\u201322, JSTOR 2007\r\n6.\tKirschenmann F. How many farmers will we need? (PDF). Leopold lettter. 12 (4): 3\u20134, JSTOR, 2000\r\n7.\tMariska L. Snail Farming. AgroBrief-Series No 3, 6 pages, Agromisa, Netherlands, 2005.\r\n8.\tMichael, O.A.  Assessing the effectiveness of capacity-building initiatives: Seven issues for the field. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 33(1): 153-160, 2011\r\n9.\tRebecca, T. &#8220;National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2018.\r\n10.\tWillsher, K. French snails farmers lament sluggish year as covid crises dents sales. The Guardian.  Retrieved 2021-01-02 \r\n11.\tBetnard, A. Poverty: Some Issues in Concept and Theory\u201d in Rural Poverty in Nigeria 2014.\r\n12.\tAkinbile, J. K. Determinants of Rural Poverty in Nigeria\u201d. Development Policy Centre, Ibadan. Research Report No. 32, 2010.\r\n13.\tAfolabi, O. Are land snails a signature for the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition? In, M. Budja (ed.), Neolithic Studies 11. Documenta Praehistorica XXXI: 1-24, 2013.\r\n14.\tAzeez, B. O. The Relationship between Poverty, Conflict and Development\u201d. Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2018.\r\n15.\tNkalo, C. I. Snail farming: production, utilization and marketing. Cross River state University, 2019.\r\n16.\tOluwatayo, A.J. Local Government and Rural Development: A Bottom-Up Perspective, Lagos: Sylva Publications Limited, 2019.\r\n17.\tOlawale, O. S. Determinants of Rural Poverty in Nigeria\u201d. Development Policy, 2012\r\n18.\tCheney S., and Thompson, R. Raising Snails. Special Reference Briefs (National Agricultural Library SRB 96-05. Updates SRB 88-04). Beltsville, Maryland, USA: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). This report on snail raising is derived from a review of the literature and searches of selected databases. Available online: www.nal.usda.gov\/afsic\/AFSIC_pubs\/srb96-05.htm 2006\r\n19.\tOmole A.J., Taiwo A.A., and Amusan, J.A. Practical Snail Farming. Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&#038;T), Obefemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2017.\r\n20.\tDuah, O.A. and K.A. Monney. Snail farming: Snail collection and small scale production in Africa and Europe. In: African Journal of Ecology, Vol.37 (3). Centre, Ibadan. Research Report No. 32,2001.\r\n21.\tEze, C.C., Ohajianya, D.O, and Oguoma N.N.O. Analysis of land snail marketing in Owerri agricultural zone of Imo State, Nigeria. In: Animal Production Research Advances 2 (2): 94-99, 2006.\r\n22.\tCobbina J.R., Adri V, and Ben O. Snail farming \u201cproduction, processing, and marketing\u201d Digigrafi wageningen publishers Netherlands pp 25-52, 2008.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gbeyongu Frederick Terkimbi, Ngbongha Innocent Okpa, Onu Deborah Ogbene, and Dahiru Daniel Ada &#8220;Capacity Building Needed by Retirees in Snail Production for Poverty Alleviation in Benue State, Nigeria  &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.217-226 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8424<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/217-226.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/capacity-building-needed-by-retirees-in-snail-production-for-poverty-alleviation-in-benue-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Capacity Building Needed by Retirees in Snail Production for Poverty Alleviation in Benue State, Nigeria  <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc33ca elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdc33ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc34fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc34fa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc3715\" data-id=\"fdc3715\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc38bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc38bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc398a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc398a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc3b75\" data-id=\"fdc3b75\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc3d07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc3d07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc3dcf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc3dcf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc3fbc\" data-id=\"fdc3fbc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc4142 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc4142\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc421d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc421d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc43fe\" data-id=\"fdc43fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc457f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc457f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc465c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc465c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc4838\" data-id=\"fdc4838\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc49b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc49b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc4a8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc4a8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc4c84\" data-id=\"fdc4c84\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc4e3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc4e3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Elderly Knowledge about Personal Hygiene  <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ida Suryawati, Safrina Edayani, Mariyati, Nanda Fitria, Laila Rahmi Asza- April 2023 Page No.: 227-231<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc4f09 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc4f09\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc5107\" data-id=\"fdc5107\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc52ba elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdc52ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Increasing life expectancy in the elderly causes various health problems, one of which is the inability to maintain personal hygiene. The purpose of this study was to determine the picture of elderly knowledge about personal hygiene. The research design used is descriptive. The population in this study was the elderly, numbering 330 people. The sampling technique uses stratified random sampling with a sample of 100 respondents. Data collection using questionnaires and data analysis techniques using univariate analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the majority of respondents had knowledge about personal hygiene with good categories (44.0%), knowledge with sufficient categories about personal hygiene (32%) and knowledge in the category less about personal hygiene (24%). Therefore, the results of the study indicate that the elderly have knowledge in the category of good personal hygiene.\r\n  \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 227-231\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8425\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8425<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ida Suryawati<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Safrina Edayani<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mariyati<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nanda Fitria<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Laila Rahmi Asza<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTIKes Muhammadiyah Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1.\tAkbar, Y., Mursal, Hayatun, T., &#038; Rizana, N. (2021). Tingkat kualitas hidup pasien luka kaki diabetik. Jurnal Keperawatan, 19(2), 55\u201365.\r\n2.\tAllegranzi, B., Memish, Z. A., Donaldson, L., &#038; Pittet, D. (2009). Religion and culture: Potential undercurrents influencing hand hygiene promotion in health care. American Journal of Infection Control, 37(1), 28\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.01.014\r\n3.\tChairil, &#038; Hardiana. (2017). Gambaran Perilaku Personal Hygiene Pada Lansia Di Upt Pstw Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru. Photon: Jurnal Sain Dan Kesehatan, 8(01), 29\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37859\/jp.v8i01.524\r\n4.\tDian Fera &#038; Arfah Husna. (2018). Volume V, Nomor 9, tahun 2018 Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kemandirian Lansia\u2026 Dian Fera, Arfah Husna. Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, V(9), 159\u2013165.\r\n5.\tErdhayanti, S., &#038; Kartinah. (2011). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Lansia Dengan Perilaku Lansia Dalam Pemenuhan Personal Hygiene Di Panti Wreda Darma Bakti Pajang Surakarta. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Lansia, 44\u201351.\r\n6.\tMariani, A., Seweng, A., Ruseng, S. S., Moedjiono, A. I., Abdullah, T., Anshary, A., Nur, R., Basir, M., Mahfudz, &#038; Sabir. (2021). The relationship between knowledge and personal hygiene and the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases at the Community Health Center Talise, Palu. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S164\u2013S167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaceta.2021.10.016\r\n7.\tNagoklan Simbolon. (2019). Hubungan Pengetahuan Lansia dengan Personal Hygiene di Desa Lestari Indah Kecamatan Siantar Kabupaten Simalungun. Sintaks, 1, 616\u2013623.\r\n8.\tNovianty, N., Syarif, S., &#038; Ahmad, M. (2021). Influence of breast milk education media on increasing knowledge about breast milk: Literature review. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S268\u2013S270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaceta.2021.10.031\r\n9.\tPereira, J. O., Ariani, N. L., &#038; Adi, R. C. (2018). Gambaran Perilaku Personal Hygiene Pada Lansia di Desa Suwaru Kecamatan Pagelaran Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Nursing News, 3(3), 776\u2013784.\r\n10.\tPra, P., Di, L., Bojonggede, P., Oktaviani, E., Prastia, T. N., &#038; Dwimawati, E. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi. 5(2), 135\u2013147.\r\n11.\tSafir, N., Mursal, M., Akbar, Y., &#038; Abrar, A. (2021). Tingkat Pengetahuan Perawat tentang Lima Momen Kebersihan Tangan. Lentera\u202f: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Dan Keperawatan, 4(2), 80\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37150\/jl.v4i2.1443\r\n12.\tSoleman, S. R., Mongkau, F. M., &#038; Ekasuryadinata, I. B. (2021). Analisis Pengetahuan Lansia Terhadap Pemenuhan Personal Hygiene Di Puskesmas Werdhi Agung. Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing, 9(1), 74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24843\/coping.2021.v09.i01.p10\r\n13.\tUtami, G. N. M., Widyanthari, D. M., &#038; Suarningsih, N. K. A. (2021). Hubungan Self-Management Dengan Kualitas Hidup Lansia Hipertensi. Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing, 9(6), 712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24843\/coping.2021.v09.i06.p10\r\n14.\tZivich, P. N., Gancz, A. S., &#038; Aiello, A. E. (2018). Effect of hand hygiene on infectious diseases in the office workplace: A systematic review. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(4), 448\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.10.006\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ida Suryawati, Safrina Edayani, Mariyati, Nanda Fitria, Laila Rahmi Asza &#8220;Elderly Knowledge about Personal Hygiene  &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.227-231 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8425<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/227-231.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/elderly-knowledge-about-personal-hygiene\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elderly Knowledge about Personal Hygiene  <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc66a6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdc66a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc67db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc67db\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc6a13\" data-id=\"fdc6a13\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc6bcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc6bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc6ca1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc6ca1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc6e9c\" data-id=\"fdc6e9c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc7036 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc7036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc711d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc711d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc72ff\" data-id=\"fdc72ff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc7494 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc7494\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc7576 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc7576\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc7755\" data-id=\"fdc7755\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc78f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc78f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc79c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc79c2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc7b9c\" data-id=\"fdc7b9c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc7d36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc7d36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc7e01 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc7e01\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc7fff\" data-id=\"fdc7fff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc81a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc81a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Quality of groundwater from five different locations in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria  <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Olusegun Samuel Tunde, Fadimu Oladayo Kehinde, Olokode Hammed Adeyinka, Nwadike Solomon Chukwuka- April 2023 Page No.: 232-235<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc826b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc826b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc845c\" data-id=\"fdc845c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc860a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdc860a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This study was carried out to investigate the quality of groundwater from five different locations in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Fifty borehole water samples were collected and analyzed to ensure safe and continuous consumption by residents in the communities. The investigated physico-chemical parameters include: p H, alkalinity, total hardness, and anions (nitrate, sulphate and chloride). The presence of metals such as Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb, were also determined, using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). \r\nThe highest mean concentrations values for alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead were: 137.5,155.2,129.00,43.10,42.39,2.68,20.980.0167,0.0145,0.42 and 0.016 mg\/L respectively. The highest pH was also observed to be 7.34. Of all the measured parameters, two of the five distinct locations did not fall within the WHO\/NAFDAC permissible limits. The Results of this research activity have therefore shown that all the water samples fell within the physicochemical standard limits for drinking water, but are not recommended for drinking purposes, as they all contain one or more of the trace elements.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 232-235\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8426\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8426<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olusegun Samuel Tunde<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Lagos State University, Lagos-Nigeria\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health and Applied Sciences, Institut Superieur Bilingue Libre Du Togo (IBLT) University.\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fadimu Oladayo Kehinde<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta-Nigeria\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health and Applied Sciences, Institut Superieur Bilingue Libre Du Togo (IBLT) University.\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olokode Hammed Adeyinka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health and Applied Sciences, Institut Superieur Bilingue Libre Du Togo (IBLT) University.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwadike Solomon Chukwuka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health and Applied Sciences, Institut Superieur Bilingue Libre Du Togo (IBLT) University.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1.\tShahnawaz M.D, Singh K.M (2009). Groundwater quality of Piro and Jagdishpur Blocks Bhorps district, a middle gigantic plain. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance (1):9\u201210. \r\n2.\tGronwall, J.T.; Mullenga, M; McGranaham, G. (2010). Groundwater, Self-Supply and Poor Urban Dwellers: A Review with Case Studies of Bangalore and Lusaka. Human Settlements Programme, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London.\r\n3.\tOlushola M. Awoyemi, Albert C. Achudume, Aderonke A. Okoya [2014]. The Physicochemical Quality of Groundwater in Relation to Surface Water Pollution in Majidun Area of Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria. American Journal of Water Resources, (2). 127 \r\n4.\tOgundele, O. and Mekuleyi, G. O. (2018). Physico-chemical properties and heavy metals discharged from two industries in Agbara, Lagos State, Nigeria International Research Journal of Public and Environmental.Health, 5 (3): 32-37.\r\n5.\tKhodapanah L, Sculaiman W., Khodapanah N (2009). Groundwater quality assessment for different purposes in Eshtehard district, Tehran, Iran. European Journal Scientific Research. 36(4):543\u2212553. \r\n6.\tAPHA, 1992. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th Edn., American PublicHealth Association.\r\n7.\tWHO (2017). Guidelines for drinking water quality,4th edition incorporating the first addendum.World Health Organization Geneva. 631\r\n8.\tLekan T.P, Adeyinka S.\u00b7 Tajudeen A. A. (2019). Assessment of natural groundwater physicochemical properties in major industrial and residential locations of Lagos metropolis. Applied Water Science.192.\r\n9.\tAnyanwu E.D, Onyele O.G (2018). Occurrence and concentration of heavy metals in rural spring in southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management. 1474-75.\r\n10.\tDavid Adeyemi, Emmanuel Olafadehan and Chimezie Anyakora (2015). Assessment level of Physicochemical properties and trace metals of water samples from Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences.169.\r\n11.\tAbdulrahim O. M, Adeleke A.A, Lateef. O. G.  (2011). Quality assessment of groundwater in the vicinity of dumpsites in Ifo and Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria. Pelagia Research Library.296\r\n12.\tAnyanwu E.D, Onyele O.G (2018). Occurrence and concentration of heavy metals in rural spring in southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management. 1474-75.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Olusegun Samuel Tunde, Fadimu Oladayo Kehinde, Olokode Hammed Adeyinka, Nwadike Solomon Chukwuka &#8220;Quality of groundwater from five different locations in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria  &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.232-235 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8426<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/232-235.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/quality-of-groundwater-from-five-different-locations-in-badagry-local-government-area-of-lagos-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Quality of groundwater from five different locations in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria  <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc99e3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdc99e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc9b08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc9b08\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc9d26\" data-id=\"fdc9d26\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc9eb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdc9eb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdc9f93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdc9f93\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdca17e\" data-id=\"fdca17e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdca307 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdca307\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdca3e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdca3e9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdca5b6\" data-id=\"fdca5b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdca73c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdca73c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdca819 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdca819\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdca9e3\" data-id=\"fdca9e3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdcab67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdcab67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdcac4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdcac4e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdcae11\" data-id=\"fdcae11\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdcafac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdcafac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdcb07a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdcb07a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdcb25d\" data-id=\"fdcb25d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdcb401 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdcb401\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Medical Cannabis sativa (Marijuana or drug type): Psychoactive molecule, \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC)  <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ravindra B. Malabadi, Kiran P. Kolkar, Raju K. Chalannavar, Lavanya L, Gholamreza Abdi- April 2023 Page No.: 236-249<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdcb4cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdcb4cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdcb6bb\" data-id=\"fdcb6bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdcb889 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdcb889\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This review paper highlights about Medical Cannabis sativa (Marijuana or drug type) containing psychoactive molecule, \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) as a part of educational awareness programme in India. Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica were originally a native of India growing as a wild notorious noxious weed in the Indian Himalayan region. Marijuana (Charas, Ganja and Bhang in India) is a mind-altering (psychoactive) drug, produced by the Cannabis sativa plant. Marijuana (Charas, Ganja or Bhang drink in India) is an illicit drug containing very high levels (25-35%) of narcotic psychoactive molecule, \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) is banned and prohibited in India. Import, export, local sales and cultivation of Cannabis are illegal and prohibited in India. Phytocannabinoids (\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol-\u03949-THC, and Cannabidiol- CBD) have attained a global attention recently due to the therapeutic potentials in Parkinson\u2019s disease, Schizophrenia, cancers, pain, anxiety, depression other neurological disorders as well as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Epidiolex for Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gauss Syndrome.  \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) is known as the substance that makes a person feel a &#8220;high,&#8221; while Cannabidiol (CBD) often promotes a feeling of relaxation. However, the adverse effects of Marijuana (medicinal cannabis) comes from studies of recreational users of marijuana led to the impaired short-term memory; impaired motor coordination; altered judgment; and paranoia or psychosis at high doses. The quality control of Cannabis products, contamination and adulteration of Cannabis products in Cannabis industry is another major issue. Therefore, a detailed study with clinical trials is warranted and this knowledge should be shared and explained to the customers.\r\n  \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 236-249\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8428\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8428<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ravindra B. Malabadi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka State, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kiran P. Kolkar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Botany, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad-580003, Karnataka State, India.\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Raju K. Chalannavar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka State, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lavanya L<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bangalore -560064, Karnataka State, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gholamreza Abdi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1.\tMalabadi RB, Kolkar KP, Chalannavar RK. 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Drug Alcohol Depend. 1977; 2: 211-9.\r\n113.\tTrivedi J, Sethi B. Drug abuse in psychiatric patients. Indian J. Psychiatry. 1978; 21: 345-8.\r\n114.\tThomas MG, Mohan D, Sahasi G, Prabhu GG. Personality and attitude correlates of drug abuse amongst students of a high school in Delhi: A replicated study. Indian J. Med Res.  1979; 69: 990-5.\r\n115.\tKulhalli V, Isaac M, Murthy P. Cannabis-related psychosis: Presentation and effect of abstinence. Indian J. Psychiatry. 2007; 49: 256-61.\r\n116.\tParakh P, Basu D. Cannabis and Psychosis: Have we found the missing links? Asian J. Psychiatr. 2013; 6: 281-7.\r\n117.\tShrivastava A, Johnston M, Terpstra K, Bureau Y. Cannabis and Psychosis:  Neurobiology. Indian J. Psychiatry. 2014; 56: 8-16.\r\n118.\tGhosh A, Basu D. Cannabis and Psychopathology: The meandering journey of the last decade. Indian J. Psychiatry. 2015; 57: 140-9.\r\n119.\tSarkar J, Murthy P, Singh SP. Psychiatric morbidity of Cannabis abuse. Indian J. Psychiatry. 2003; 45: 182-8.\r\n120.\tGrover S, Basu D. Cannabis and Psychopathology: Update 2004. Indian J. Psychiatry. 2004; 46: 299-309.\r\n121.\tChaudhury S, Sudarsanan S, Salujha SK, Srivastava K. Cannabis use in psychiatrie patients. Med. J. Armed Forces India. 2005; 61: 117-20.\r\n122.\tMenhiratta SS, Wig NN, Verma SK. Some psychological correlates of long-term heavy Cannabis users. Br J. Psychiatr. 1978; 132: 482-6.\r\n123.\tRay R, Prabhu GG, Mohan D, Nath LM, Neki JS. The association between chronic Cannabis use and cognitive functions. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1978; 3: 365-8.\r\n124.\tSethi BB, Trivedi JK, Singh H. Long term effects of Cannabis. Indian J. Psychiatry 1981; 23: 224-9. 21. \r\n125.\tBasu D, Malhotra A, Varma VK. Cannabis related psychiatric syndromes: A selective review. Indian J. Psychiatry. 1994; 36: 121-8.\r\n126.\tBasu D, Malhotra A, Bhagat A, Varma VK. Cannabis psychosis and acute schizophrenia. A case-control study from India. Eur. Addict Res. 1999; 5: 71-3.\r\n127.\tVarma VK, Malhotra AK, Dang R, Das K, Nehra R. Cannabis and Cognitive functions: A prospective study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1988; 21: 147-52.\r\n128.\tMendhiratta SS, Varma VK, Dang R, Malhotra AK, Das K, Nehra R. Cannabis and Cognitive functions: A re-evaluation study. Br J. Addict. 1988; 83: 749-53.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ravindra B. Malabadi, Kiran P. Kolkar, Raju K. Chalannavar, Lavanya L, Gholamreza Abdi &#8220;Medical Cannabis sativa (Marijuana or drug type): Psychoactive molecule, \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC)  &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.236-249 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8428<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/236-249.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/medical-cannabis-sativa-marijuana-or-drug-type-psychoactive-molecule-%ce%b49-tetrahydrocannabinol-%ce%b49-thc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Medical Cannabis sativa (Marijuana or drug type): Psychoactive molecule, \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC)  <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdcccba elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdcccba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdcda56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdcdb43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdcdb43\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdcdd20\" data-id=\"fdcdd20\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdcdec0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdcdec0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdcdf94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdcdf94\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdce162\" data-id=\"fdce162\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdce2ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdce2ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdce3cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdce3cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdce5b5\" data-id=\"fdce5b5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdce754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdce754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in HealthCare Industry  <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Destiny Ogaga, Haoning Zhao- April 2023 Page No.: 250-253<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdce822 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdce822\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdcea0f\" data-id=\"fdcea0f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdcebb0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdcebb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">In this study, we examine some of the recent advancement in health care system as regards the rise of artificial intelligence. We analyzed background knowledge and review many literatures to examine some real world application of artificial intelligence for treatment, diagnoses, and prediction of diseases.\r\nAs healthcare industries continues to embrace artificial intelligence to improve the quality of healthcare services, machine learning for prediction and diagnoses of treatment. All together, these create a new window of opportunities as well as challenges to overcome. We dived into how healthcare industry had been affected by the rise of AI technologies, what technologies are used and how they function, the limitations of AI technologies in healthcare, the future prospects of AI technologies in healthcare as it continue to advance and mature, and also the social and ethical implications of AI in healthcare system. There is clear evidence that continuous advancement of AI and machine learning will raise the operational efficiency of healthcare and its allied providers.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 250-253\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8429\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8429<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Destiny Ogaga<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Hertfordshire, Hatfield. United Kingdom\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Haoning Zhao<\/strong><\/span>\r\nShandong University, Licheng District. China\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1.\tChung J., What Should We Do About Artificial Intelligence in Health Care? Retrieved from https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/ papers.cfm?abstract_id=3113655 (2018)\r\n2.\tKiseleva A., AI as a Medical Device: Is It Enough to Ensure Performance Transparency and Accountability in Healthcare? Retrieved from https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm? abstract_id=3504829 (2019)\r\n3.\thttps:\/\/masaar.net\/en\/negative-effects-of-artificial-intelligence\/#:~:text=This%20paper%20sheds%20light%20on,paper%20will%20discuss%20in%20detail\r\n4.\thttps:\/\/www.managedhealthcareexecutive.com\/view\/limits-ai-healthcare\r\n5.\tIge, T., &#038; Adewale, S. (2022a). Implementation of data mining on a secure cloud computing over a web API using supervised machine learning algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 13(5), 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2022.0130501\r\n6.\tIge, T., &#038; Adewale, S. (2022b). AI powered anti-cyber bullying system using machine learning algorithm of multinomial na\u00efve Bayes and optimized linear support vector machine. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 13(5), 5\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2022.0130502\r\n7.\thttps:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/us\/en\/pages\/life-sciences-and-health-care\/articles\/future-of-artificial-intelligence-in-health-care.html\r\n8.\thttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6616181\/\r\n9.\tLee, S.; Lee, D. Healthcare wearable devices: An analysis of key factors for continuous use intention. Serv. Bus. 2020, 14, 503\u2013531. [CrossRef]\r\n10.\tIge, T., Kolade, A., Kolade, O. (2023). Enhancing Border Security and Countering Terrorism Through Computer Vision: A Field of Artificial Intelligence. In: Silhavy, R., Silhavy, P., Prokopova, Z. (eds) Data Science and Algorithms in Systems. CoMeSySo 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 597. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-21438-7_54\r\n11.\tTosin Ige, William Marfo, Justin Tonkinson, Sikiru Adewale and Bolanle Hafiz Matti, \u201cAdversarial Sampling for Fairness Testing in Deep Neural Network\u201d International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 14(2), 2023. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2023.0140202\r\n12.\tYoon, S.; Lee, D. Artificial Intelligence and Robots in Healthcare: What are the Success Factors for Technology-based Service Encounters? Int. J. Healthc. Manag. 2019, 12, 218\u2013225. [CrossRef]\r\n13.\tSafavi, K.; Kalis, B. How AI can Change the Future of Health Care. Harv. Bus. Rev. 2019. Available online: https:\/\/hbr.org\/ webinar\/2019\/02\/how-ai-can-change-the-future-of-health-care (accessed on 15 June 2020).\r\n14.\tRigby, M. Ethical Dimensions of Using Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. AMA J. Ethics 2019, 21, E121\u2013E124.\r\n15.\tAbomhara, M.; K\u00f8ien, G. Cyber Security and the Internet of Things: Vulnerabilities, Threats, Intruders and Attacks. J. Cyber Secur. 2015, 4, 65\u201388. [CrossRef]\r\n16.\tVijai, C., and Worakamol Wisetsri. &#8220;Rise of artificial intelligence in healthcare startups in India.&#8221; Advances In Management 14.1 (2021): 48-52.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Destiny Ogaga, Haoning Zhao &#8220;The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in HealthCare Industry  &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.250-253 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8426<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/250-253.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-rise-of-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-in-healthcare-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in HealthCare Industry  <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd001b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdd001b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdd0143 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdd0143\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdd0361\" data-id=\"fdd0361\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd04f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdd04f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdd05cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdd05cb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdd07aa\" data-id=\"fdd07aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd0929 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdd0929\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdd0a04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdd0a04\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdd5f8a\" data-id=\"fdd5f8a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd6219 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdd6219\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdd632b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdd632b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdd6537\" data-id=\"fdd6537\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd66d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdd66d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdd67c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdd67c4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdd699f\" data-id=\"fdd699f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd6b3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdd6b3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdd6c12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdd6c12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdd6e05\" data-id=\"fdd6e05\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd6fa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdd6fa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV\/AIDS among Student Nurses in Bauchi State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Nigeria  <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr Mahmood Danasabe, Mrs Rakiya Saleh, Mr. Bappah Baba Waziri, Muhammad Adamu- April 2023 Page No.: 254-268<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdd7071 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdd7071\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdd7270\" data-id=\"fdd7270\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd7440 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fdd7440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Women with pregnancy that are having human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection have a greater chance of transmitting the virus to their children. Majority of the transmission happens during pregnancy, labour and delivery and during lactation. The health workers, especially, nurse\/midwife play a crucial part in prevention of mother to child transmission. The adequate knowledge, attitude and practices of the student nurses assumed to predict effective and efficient prevention of the transmission of the virus. This research assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of student nurses\/midwives in the State college of nursing and midwifery Bauchi towards the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV\/AIDS. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey with a sample of fifty students\u2019 nurses\u2019\/midwives participated in the study analysis. Data was collected through a self-modified questionnaire that measured knowledge, attitude and practices based on percentage. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages in answering the research questions. The mean age of respondents was 26 \u00b1 2 years. The result of the study shows that many students nurses have low information on PMTCT. However, many sources of information did not indicate significantly to improved knowledge of the participants as shown by their low knowledge on PMTCT of HIV (66.7%). The study further reveals a general negativism in the attitudes (41.8%) of respondents towards prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Greater percentage of the respondents showed a negative attitude towards pregnant women living with HIV\/AIDS. The practice of PMTCT was generally very low (56.6%). This study demonstrates that nurses in State college are insufficiently informed on practical issues in the prevention of MTCT of HIV. Hence, are weak to play an effective role in this important aspect of prevention of HIV. Sensitization, capacity building and appropriate clinical settings remain essential for significant outcomes.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 254-268\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8430\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8430<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Mahmood Danasabe<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPsychology Department, Federal University, Gashua, Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mrs Rakiya Saleh<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAliko Dangote College of Nursing and midwifery, Bauchi state, Nigeria \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mr. Bappah Baba Waziri<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdamu Adamu College of Nursing and midwifery, Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Adamu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdamu Adamu College of Nursing and midwifery, Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1.\tAdebanjo SB, Bamgbala AO, Oyediran MA (2003). 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Available at: http:\/\/www.avert.org\/professionals\/hivaround-world\/globalstatistics.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Mahmood Danasabe, Mrs Rakiya Saleh, Mr. Bappah Baba Waziri, Muhammad Adamu &#8220;Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV\/AIDS among Student Nurses in Bauchi State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Nigeria  &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.254-268 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8430<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/254-268.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-knowledge-attitude-and-practices-of-prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hiv-aids-among-student-nurses-in-bauchi-state-college-of-nursing-and-midwifery-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV\/AIDS among Student Nurses in Bauchi State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Nigeria  <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd885f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fdd885f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fddb3ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fddb3ed\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fddb5e1\" data-id=\"fddb5e1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fddb76a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fddb76a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fddb835 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fddb835\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fddba24\" data-id=\"fddba24\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fddbba8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fddbba8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fddbc6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fddbc6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fddbe86\" data-id=\"fddbe86\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fddc00d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fddc00d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Molecular Characterization of Lactic Acid Producing Bacteria Isolated from Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L) tuber and Soybean (Glycine max L) seeds  <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abu, M. A., Amakoromo, E. R. and Eruteya, O. C.- April 2023 Page No.: 269-275<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fddc0e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fddc0e8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fddc2eb\" data-id=\"fddc2eb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fddc480 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fddc480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of bacteria which play a crucial role in fermentation processes. They produce lactic acid a primary product of fermentation, by exploiting food substances like carbohydrates proteins and lipids, leading to the production of secondary metabolites such as alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters and Sulphur. The aim of this study was to characterize lactic acid bacterial isolated from tiger nut tubers (Cyperus esculentus L) and soybean seeds (Glycine max L), using 16S rRNA gene. Lactic acid production was determined by titrimetric method from 0 to 48h. Four of the ten isolates, identified as: Lactobacillus plantarum strain AMA2A, L. fermentum strain AMA5, L. buchneri strain AMA11 and L. plantarum strain AMA14 produced percentage lactic acid of 1.27, 0.93, 0.86 and 0.92 respectively after 48h. This study has demonstrated that the lactic acid producing bacteria namely: Lactobacillus plantarum AMA2A, Lactobacillus fermentum AMA5, Lactobacillus buchneri AMA11 and Lactobacillus plantarum AMA14 could be isolated from tiger nut and soybean since these substrates contain sufficient ingredients or nutrients which serve as enabling environments for their proliferation\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 269-275\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8431\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8431<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abu, M. A. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amakoromo, E. R. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eruteya, O. C.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1.\tDe Vuyst L, Leroy F. Bacteriocins from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Production, Purification and Food Applications. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007; 13(4): 194-199.\r\n2.\tChen H, Hoover DG. Bacteriocins and their Food Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Safety. 2003; 2 (3): 82-100.\r\n3.\tHayek SA, Ibrahim SA. Current Limitations and Challenges with Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Review. Food Nutr Sci. 2013; 4 (5): 73-87.\r\n4.\tBintsis T.  Lactic acid bacteria: their applications in foods. J Bacteriol Mycol. 2018; 6(2): 89\u201394.\r\n5.\tOlson NF. The impact of lactic acid bacteria on cheese flavor. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1990; 879(10): 131-147.\r\n6.\tUrbach G (1995). Contribution of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Flavour Compound Formation in Dairy Products. Int Dairy J. 1971; 5(8): 877-903.\r\n7.\tDelavenne E, Mounier J, D\u00e9niel F, Barbier G, Le Blay G. Biodiversity of Antifungal Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Raw Milk Samples from Cow, Ewe and Goat over One-Year Period. Int J Food Microbiol. 2012; 155(3): 185-190.\r\n8.\tWouters JTM, Ayad EHE, Hugenholtz J, Smit G. Microbes from raw milk for fermented dairy products. Int Dairy J. 2002; 12: 91-109.\r\n9.\tGriffiths,  MW, Tellez AM.  Lactobacillus helveticus: the proteolytic system. 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Amino acid digestibility in soybean meal, extruded soybean and full-fat canola for early-weaned pigs.  Ani Feed Sci Technol. 1995; 52(3-4): 189-203.\r\n16.\tAbu MA, Amakoromo ER, Eruteya OC. Production of Lactic Acid by Lactobacillus plantarum strain AMA 2A Using Tiger Nut as a Substrate. Proceedings of the 2nd Biotechnology Society of Nigeria (BSN), South-East Zonal Symposium Abia.  2021:211-214.\r\n17.\tAOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed, The Association of Official Analytical Chemistry, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. 2000.\r\n18.\tKang JH, Lee MS.  Characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium GM-1 isolated from an infant. J Appl Microbiol. 2005; 98 (5): 1169-1176.\r\n19.\tTagg J, McGiven AR. Assay System for Bacteriocins. J Appl Microbiol.21(5): 943 \u2013 953..\r\n20.\tIqbal, A.  Production, purification and characterization of bacteriocins from indigenous clinical staphylococci. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Karachi, Pakistan Research Repository, Higher Education Commission, ID code 1112. 1998.\r\n21.\tGevers D, Huys G Swings J. Applicability of rep-PCR fingerprinting for identification of Lactobacillus species, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2001; 205(1): 31\u201336.\r\n22.\tBenson DR, Stephens DW, Clawson ML, Silvester WB. Amplification of 16S rRNA genes from Frankia strains in root nodules of Ceanothus griseus, Coriaria arborea, Coriaria plumosa, Discaria toumatou, and Purshia tridentate.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1996; 62(8):2904\u20132909.\r\n23.\tEvelyn M.  Molecular Characterization and Population Dynamics of Lactic Acid Bacteria during the Fermentation of Sorghum.  University of Pretoria. 2009: 1\u201354.\r\n24.\tSilva GA, Bernardi TL, Schalker PDC, Menegotto M, Valente P. Rapid DNA extraction by boiling and freeze-thawing without using chemical reagents and purification. 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J Natural Sci Res. 2014; 4(10):137-146.\r\n29.\tNair PS, Surendran PK. Biochemical characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fish and prawn. J Cult collect. 2005; 4: 48-52.\r\n30.\tZhang B, He PJ, Shao LM. Effect of pH and fermentation time on yield and optical purity of lactic acid from kitchen wastes fermentation. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2007; 28(4):881-5.\r\n31.\tMujtahid K, Fittriani K, Saeed MA. Lactic acid production from date juice using Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 in batch fermentation. MATEC Web of Conferences 101. 02002. 2017 DOI:10.1051\/matecconf\/201710102002.\r\n32.\tDheeraj M, Ravinder N, Manoj K, Aarti B. Molecular methods for identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria: a review. J Digest Dis. 2008; 9 (4): 190-198.\r\n33.\tCintas LM, Casaus MP, Herranz C, Nes IF, Hern\u00e1ndez PE. Review: bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria. Food Sci Technol Int. 2001; 7(4): 281-305.\r\n34.\tDaeschel MA. Antimicrobial substances from lactic acid bacteria for use as food preservatives. J Food Agri Org United Nations. 1989; 4(1): 164-167.\r\n35.\tKilau FM, Mohamad NI, Saari N, Sani NA. Isolation, characterization, and identification of lactic acid bacteria from fermented soy sauce. AIP conference proceedings, 2111, 040006 2019; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5111245\r\n36.\tAritonang SN, Roza E, Rossi E, Purwati E. Isolation and identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Okara and Evaluation of their potential as candidate probiotics. Pak J Nutr. 2017; 16(8): 618-628.\r\n37.\tMaduka N, Ire FS, Njoku HO. Fermentation of tiger nut by lactic acid bacteria and tiger nut-milk drink fermentation by lactic acid bacteria as a potential probiotic product. Asia Pac J Sci Technol.  2017; 8 (7): 5167-5172.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abu, M. A., Amakoromo, E. R. and Eruteya, O. C. &#8220;Molecular Characterization of Lactic Acid Producing Bacteria Isolated from Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L) tuber and Soybean (Glycine max L) seeds  &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.269-275 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8431<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/269-275.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/molecular-characterization-of-lactic-acid-producing-bacteria-isolated-from-tiger-nut-cyperus-esculentus-l-tuber-and-soybean-glycine-max-l-seeds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Molecular Characterization of Lactic Acid Producing Bacteria Isolated from Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L) tuber and Soybean (Glycine max L) seeds  <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fddd948 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fddd948\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdde6c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdde6c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdde792 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdde792\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdde97f\" data-id=\"fdde97f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fddeafd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fddeafd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fddebc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fddebc1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fddeda9\" data-id=\"fddeda9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fddef22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fddef22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fddeff6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fddeff6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fddf1ea\" data-id=\"fddf1ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fddf367 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fddf367\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Performance And Emission Test on A Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine Using Neem Oil Blends by Sonication  <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. V. Kumar, Dr. Partha Sarathi Chakraborty, Dr. Dulal Krishna Mandal, Dr. Nallusamy- April 2023 Page No.: 276-301<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fddf443 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fddf443\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fddf62b\" data-id=\"fddf62b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fddf7d2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"fddf7d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The transportation segment is the single biggest customer of oil determined vitality. Generally, fluid hydrocarbons have developed as the essential transportation fuel in light of their high vitality content per unit volume and as a result of the effortlessness of fluid fuel dealing with and conveyance frameworks rather than those required for strong or vaporous energizes. Thus, our present day transportation control plants have been intended to utilize fluid powers and oil refiners have, through a transformative procedure, been fitting to meet the prerequisites of cylinder motors. This fitting of the fuel to meet motor necessities must be reevaluated. As a transitional procedure, other vitality sources must be looked for which can be utilized as a part of altered cylinder motors. This transitional procedure could most recent a very long while as new but unclear, transportation frameworks are produced. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 276-301\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 May 2023<\/p>\r\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8432\">10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8432<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. V. Kumar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Vadapalani, India\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Partha Sarathi Chakraborty <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Adult, Continuing Education &#038; Extension, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Dulal Krishna Mandal<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Nallusamy<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">1.\tAjay Kumar Kaviti, Jayashri N Nair, \u201cAnalysis of performance and emission on compression ignition engine fueled with blends of Neem biodiesel\u201d, Egyptian journal, Sep 2016.\r\n2.\tAmmar Asmaa M and Mansour, \u201cPerformance Evaluation of Environmentally Friendly Insulating Oil under Accelerated Aging Tests\u201d, IEEE, 2016.\r\n3.\tBhojawani.V and Madiwale.S, \u201cAn Overview on Production, Properties, Performance and Emission Analysis of blends of Biodiesel\u201d, Science direct 2016.\r\n4.\tBijan Kumar Mandal, &#8220;Performance and Emission Test on I.C. Engine using Bio-Diesel Extracted from Jatropha  Oil&#8221;,ISSN, 2017.\r\n5.\tChao Mu-Rong, \u201cPerformance and Emission Characteristics of Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester Using VCR Diesel Engine\u201d, ISSN No: 0974-2115, 2015.\r\n6.\tGowari, M.Kannan, A.MurugesanG.Vijay \u201cInvestigation of Neem Ethyl Ester for Electrification\u201d, IEEE, 2011.\r\n7.\tRajaseenivasn.T, Srinavasan.V, \u201cAn investigation on the performance of sawdust briquette with neem powder\u201d, Alexandria Journal, July 2016.\r\n8.\tMohammad Mashud, Rowsonozzaman Rubel.Md, \u201cBiodiesel from neem oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engine\u201d, Science Direct-2013.\r\n9.\tNaveen Kumar, &#8220;A study on the performance and emission of a diesel engine fueled with Atrophy biodiesel oil and its blends\u201d\r\n10.\tBetiku.E, &#8220;Production of biodiesel from crude neem oil feedstock and its emissions from internal combustion engines&#8221; African Journal of Biotechnology, 2012.\r\n11.\tMohapatra.S.B (Professor, Centurion University),&#8221; Non-edible Neem oil: an evaluation of engine performance and prospective use in outboard diesel engines&#8221;IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2016.\r\n12.\tProf. Dr.Pravin P. Rathod,&#8221;Performance and emission characteristics of CI engine using diesel and biodiesel blends with nanoparticles as additive \u201cGovernment Engineering College, Bhuj, India 2015.\r\n13.\tSubramaniam.D, &#8220;A comparative estimation of C.I. engine fueled with methyl esters of punnai, neem and waste cooking oil \u201cinternational journal of energy and environment,2013.\r\n14.\tTamilarasan.T, &#8220;Review of Biodiesel Production, Emissions and Performance characteristics of Mahua oil \u201cInternational Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS), 2015.\r\n15.\tObodeh.O,&#8221;Investigation of Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Kerosene Blends \u201cJournal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS), 2011.\r\n16.\tK. Anbumani,&#8221; performance of mustard and neem oil blends with diesel fuel in c.i. engine&#8221;ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2010.\r\n17.\tJ. Narayana Reddy and A. Ramesh, &#8220;Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression ignition engine&#8221;, Renewable Energy, 31, 2006\r\n18.\tDr. Sanjay Patil,&#8217;Investigation of CI engine performance fuelled with neem oil-ethanol blend at various injection opening pressure, American Journal of Applied Sciences,2013.\r\n19.\tP.TamilPorai, N.Nagarajan,&#8221; evaluation of performance &#038; emission of Neem oil methyl ester in a diesel engine \u201cAsian Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2013.\r\n20.\tJAICO by Text book &#8220;ALTERNATIVE FUELS Chapter 2 and Chapter 11 edition 2017.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. V. Kumar, Dr. Partha Sarathi Chakraborty, Dr. Dulal Krishna Mandal, Dr. Nallusamy &#8220;Performance And Emission Test on A Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine Using Neem Oil Blends by Sonication  &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) volume-8-issue-4, pp.276-301 April 2023\u00a0DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51584\/IJRIAS.2023.8431<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrias\/DigitalLibrary\/volume-8-issue-4\/276-301.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/performance-and-emission-test-on-a-single-cylinder-compression-ignition-engine-using-neem-oil-blends-by-sonication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Performance And Emission Test on A Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine Using Neem Oil Blends by Sonication  <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fde0c8a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fde0c8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fde1a0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fde1ae8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fde1ae8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fde1cbd\" data-id=\"fde1cbd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fde1e41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fde1e41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fde1f25 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fde1f25\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fde2104\" data-id=\"fde2104\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fde2291 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fde2291\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]A Conceptual Framework for Adopting Islamic Banking and Finance in Libya Ibrahim Khalifa Mohamed Elghwail, Besar Bin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7116,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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