INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue X October 2025
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Agri Tourism Sites in Southern Leyte; A Satisfaction Survey
Joy Mae S. Laciste
Graduate School, University of Cebu, Main Campus, Philippines
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.910000853
Received: 07 November 2025; Accepted: 14 November 2025; Published: 26 November 2025
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the determinants of tourist satisfaction within the burgeoning agritourism sector of
Southern Leyte, Philippines. The research specifically measured satisfaction levels across four critical
domains: the quality of agritourism activities, the reasonableness of pricing, location and accessibility, and the
sufficiency of facilities and amenities. Furthermore, it examined the relationship between tourist demographic
profiles and satisfaction levels to inform a data-driven strategic action plan for sustainable development.
Utilizing a descriptivecorrelational research design, data were gathered from 100 tourists and local visitors via
a structured questionnaire employing a 4-point Likert scale. The findings demonstrated a high level of overall
satisfaction (Mean = 3.65). Interactive agritourism activities, such as hands-on farming and fish feeding,
alongside the destinations' accessible and non-congested nature, received the most favorable ratings. Facilities,
including clean wash areas and well-maintained layouts, were also praised, while pricing was consistently
viewed as reasonable and transparent, contributing positively to the perceived value. A pivotal discovery,
confirmed through Chisquare analysis, was the absence of a significant relationship between satisfaction and
demographic variables such as age, gender, civil status, and educational attainment. This suggests that the
intrinsic quality of the agritourism experience is a universal satisfier, consistent with contemporary studies
which posit that service quality and experiential authenticity often outweigh demographic influences in niche
tourism (Aslam et al., 2022). The study concludes that the competitiveness of Southern Leyte's agritourism is
fundamentally tied to maintaining high standards in tangible service attributes and delivering consistent value.
These findings resonate with the principles of the SERVQUAL model and Perceived Value Theory,
emphasizing reliability and customerdefined worth (Kumar & Anand, 2021). Consequently, a strategic action
plan is proposed, urging local operators and policymakers to prioritize continuous infrastructure upgrades,
experiential activity diversification, and comprehensive staff training to ensure the sector's long-term viability
and appeal.
Keywords: agritourism satisfaction, service quality, perceived value, tourism development, demographic
analysis
INTRODUCTION
High guest satisfaction is indeed crucial for the success of agritourism businesses, as highlighted by studies
conducted by Kozak and Rimmington in (2000). These studies underscore that satisfied guests are not only
more likely to return for future visits but are also inclined to recommend the experience to others, thereby
influencing potential business growth. Agritourism aligns closely with the principles of the Experience
Economy theory proposed by Pine and Gilmore in (1999), wherein tourists increasingly seek unique and
immersive experiences over mere consumption of goods or services. By offering activities that transcend
traditional sightseeing, such as farm participation and opportunities for connecting with nature, agritourism
effectively fulfills this desire for memorable experiences. Moreover, satisfied guests who develop positive
emotional connections with the agritourism experience are more likely to become repeat visitors, thus
contributing to the sustained success and long-term viability of agritourism ventures. This symbiotic
relationship between guest satisfaction, experiential offerings, and the principles of the Experience Economy
underscores the importance of delivering exceptional experiences in agritourism to ensure continued patronage
and business growth (2000).
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Agritourism has been inquired about in numerous distinctive settings and methods. In any case, it could be
contended that considers haven't however given a clear and essential information of the characteristics that
bolster and characterize agritourism. By recognizing the major qualities that are as of now utilized to
characterize agritourism within the writing and organizing them into a clear and organized system, this
inquiries about presents, an imaginative typology for doing so. The agritourism typology simplifies and
organizes the various definitions of agritourism that are presently found within the writing for the primary
time. As a result, it gives a careful system that can serve as the establishment for assisting experimental ponder
as well as for taught talk about and dialog (Phillip et al., 2010).
As a tourism and hospitality instructor, I believe that understanding visitor satisfaction levels at agritourism
locations is critical to our field's advancement. By examining what makes these encounters delightful and
memorable, we can better educate our students about the complexities of customer service, engagement, and
sustainable tourism practices. Personalized interactions, realistic experiences, and well-maintained facilities are
frequently associated with high levels of satisfaction. By teaching future professionals to prioritize these
factors, we can assist them in developing compelling agritourism products that not only attract visitors but also
benefit local communities and encourage environmental stewardship. Finally, promoting high levels of
satisfaction in agritourism can lead to return visits, positive word-of-mouth, and a healthy, sustainable tourism
industry.
The competency of the researcher in writing a study is paramount to its success and credibility. Proficiency in
writing ensures clarity, coherence, and the study’s purposes, methodology, findings, and implications. The
researcher is competent and equipped with enough information and pertinent data from the Municipalities of
Southern Leyte in terms of their Agritourism. The researcher is currently connected to Southern Leyte State
University as a Part-time Faculty under the College of Hospitality and Tourism Management for 2 years.
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The study was utilizing the descriptive correlational method of research with the use of the researchermade
questionnaire in the Province of Southern Leyte. Figure 1 shows the flow of the study.
The prospect of agritourism in Southern Leyte is particularly exciting due to the existing groundwork. The
Department of Tourism's (DOT) active recognition program identifies farms with tourism potential and paves
the way for accreditation, a crucial step for attracting visitors. While the current accredited site, Canaan Hill
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)
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Farms and Honey Garden in Caibiran, stands alone for now, it signifies the official support for agritourism
development. Further bolstering this initiative, research by a consortium of the University of the Philippines
Los Baños (UPLB) and Visayas State University (VSU) delves into established agritourism farms within the
region, including those in Southern Leyte.
Southern Leyte has a golden chance to build a thriving agritourism economy by leveraging both its strong
agricultural origins and stunning natural beauty. This is where the two previously mentioned projects come
together. As more farms get authorized for tourism purposes, the prominence and diversity of agritourism
activities in Southern Leyte grows. This accreditation process establishes a baseline level of quality and safety
for guests. Simultaneously, study into existing agritourism operations was yield useful insights about how to
best integrate agricultural techniques with tourism. Imagine tourists not only enjoying excellent farm-to-table
meals, but also learning about agricultural methods and perhaps participating in some light farm activities.
This combination of fresh, local cuisine, cultural immersion in the agricultural way of life, and the opportunity
to connect with nature produces a one-of-a-kind and appealing experience for tourists looking for an alternative
to the usual beach vacation. By properly integrating these activities, Southern Leyte can establish itself as a
leading agritourism destination in the Philippines.
Research Respondents
The respondents of the study are composed of tourists staying in Southern Leyte year 2024. One of the vital
processes to keep this study successful. All these participants was be selected through random sampling. This
sampling method is conducted where each member of a population has the capability to become part of the
sample. The chosen respondents contain fifty (50) tourists and fifty (50) locals staying in Southern Leyte.
Research Instrument
The researcher was utilizing researcher-made survey questionnaires that was be given to the respondents. The
instrument to be prepared focused on answering the statement of the problem. The questionnaire contains 22
questions that was allow the researchers to obtain their required data for the research.
The data gathering instrument was structured as a scale ranging from 1-4. Where in the (1) is not
satisfied, (2) is less satisfied, (3) is moderately satisfied, and the last one is (4) highly satisfied. This legend was
helping the researchers to analyze the result of conducting data-gathering.
Research Procedure
After administering the researcher-made questionnaire, the collected responses were carefully reviewed,
tabulated, and computed to ensure accuracy. The data was then analyzed to identify patterns, trends, and key
findings based on the respondents' self-assessments. Through thorough interpretation, meaningful insights were
drawn, providing a clearer understanding of the study's objectives and outcomes.
Gathering Data
The researchers have decided to conduct the study in Southern Leyte wherein the respondents are locals and
tourists.
The researcher was seeking written approval from the mayor of the municipality and from the selected
respondents to conduct a study about Guest Satisfaction in Agritourism Sites in Southern Leyte.
The respondents have been allowed to answer the research questionnaire provided that the researcher is present
during the period. The information and data were collected and was able to classify and treated accordingly.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the findings from the survey conducted among the locals and tourists regarding their
level of satisfaction with agritourism sites in Southern Leyte. The data is organized into several key categories,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue X October 2025
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Page 10487
including demographic information, Agritourism Activities, price, location, and facilities of the site. These
results were analyzed and interpreted to provide insights into the level of satisfaction.
A. Profile of the Respondents
This section presents the respondents' demographic profile in terms of age, gender, civil status, and highest
educational attainment. Understanding these characteristics helps provide context for interpreting the
respondents' level of satisfaction with Agritourism Sites in Southern Leyte.
Variables
Frequency
Percent
Age Group
52
52.0 %
28
28.0 %
20
20.0%
Gender
48
48.0 %
48
48.0 %
4
4.0 %
Civil Status
63
63.0 %
31
3.0 %
2
2.0 %
4
4.0 %
Educational
Attainment
22
22.0 %
39
39.0 %
23
23.0 %
16
16.0 %
100
100
The provided table outlines the demographic profile of the survey respondents (N=100), which is a crucial step
for assessing the sample's characteristics and potential biases (Taherdoost, 2021). The sample is predominantly
composed of younger adults, with the largest group being 18-25 years old (52%), a common feature in many
modern survey-based studies (Andrade, 2020). This is followed by the 26-39 age group (28%), and the 40-59
age group (20%). The gender distribution is perfectly balanced between male and female respondents, each
constituting 48% of the sample, with a small portion (4%) preferring not to disclose their gender. In terms of
civil status, most respondents are single (63%), while a significantly smaller proportion are married; however,
the table lists the frequency for "Married" as 31 but the percent as 3.0%, which is a clear data entry
inconsistency as 31 respondents would equate to 31%. Other categories for civil status include widowed (2%)
and separated (4%). Regarding educational attainment, the respondents are highly educated, with the largest
group being college-level students (39%), followed by those with a bachelor's degree (23%), high school
graduates (22%), and individuals with post-graduate qualifications (16%). This overall profile indicates a
sample that is young, single, and actively engaged in or having recently completed their higher education, a
demographic often overrepresented in convenience sampling approaches (Andrade, 2020).
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B. Level of Satisfaction in terms of Agritourism Activities
A. Agritourism Activities
Mean
Satisfaction Level
1. The sites offer fish feeding Activities
3.71
Highly Satisfied
2. The sites offers a farm to table
3.69
Highly Satisfied
3. The site offer a fruit and vegetable picking
3.64
Highly Satisfied
4. The site offers Petting Zoo activities
3.59
Highly Satisfied
5. The site offers sale of handcrafted products
3.69
Highly Satisfied
6. the site offers birdwatching activities
3.68
Highly Satisfied
Aggregate Mean
3.67
Highly Satisfied
The table illustrates the satisfaction levels regarding agritourism activities, emphasizing visitor feedback on six
distinct offerings at the location. The activities are evaluated on a scale that assesses the average level of
satisfaction, with every activity receiving a designation of "Highly Satisfied." The overall average score of
3.67 reflects a reliably positive experience for visitors throughout all activities, which is a key driver of loyalty
and positive word-of-mouth in the tourism industry (Rahmani et al., 2023).
Among the activities mentioned, fish feeding garnered the top satisfaction score of 3.71. This finding indicates
that guests especially appreciate this interactive and captivating activity, probably due to its hands-on nature
which is a significant predictor of memorable experiences and perceived value in agritourism (Stefani et al.,
2021). The appeal of fish feeding can also be linked to its ease, its correspondence with guests' anticipations
for agritourism activities, and the possibility for both educational and leisure benefits.
Conversely, activities at the petting zoo attained the lowest average score of 3.59, yet it remains in the "Highly
Satisfied" range. Although this score is still high, it could suggest potential for enhancement. Potential factors
for the somewhat reduced satisfaction might involve the state or diversity of animals, the availability of the
petting space, or the extent of interaction permitted. Improving factors like the habitat for animals, providing a
greater variety of species, or increasing interaction opportunities between visitors and animals might boost
satisfaction levels even more.
In general, the table illustrates the excellent performance of the agritourism location in offering enjoyable and
fulfilling experiences. The data highlights the necessity of regularly tracking and improving activities,
especially those with marginally lower ratings, to sustain a high level of visitor contentment and guarantee a
comprehensive experience, as continuous monitoring is essential for maintaining a competitive advantage in
the evolving tourism market (Rahmani et al., 2023).
C. Level of Satisfaction in terms of Price
B. Price
Mean
Satisfaction Level
1.The site offers reasonable price
3.67
Highly Satisfied
2. The site provides correct and complete information about their prices.
3.62
Highly Satisfied
3. Billing of guest is updated every other day without discrepancies
3.58
Highly Satisfied
4. The information about the prices on the websites is updated.
3.58
Highly Satisfied
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5. Staff is well-versed about the products and services offered by the sites.
3.61
Highly Satisfied
Aggregate Mean
3.61
Highly Satisfied
This table highlights the respondents' high level of satisfaction in terms of price at agritourism sites, with an
aggregate mean of 3.61%, categorized as Highly Satisfied. Among the factors assessed, the highest-rated
criterion is the site offering reasonable prices with the mean of 3.67%. This indicates that tourists perceive the
pricing as fair and aligned with the value of the services and experiences provided, a key factor in price
satisfaction as it directly influences the perceived value-for-money equation (Rather et al., 2022).
Respondents also highly rated the provision of correct and complete price information with the mean of 3.62%,
demonstrating the importance of transparency and clarity in pricing. This aligns with the
ExpectationConfirmation Theory, which suggests that clear and accurate communication helps set realistic
expectations and fosters satisfaction when these expectations are met or exceeded. The regular and
discrepancy-free billing system with the mean of 3.58%, further reinforces the significance of reliability, as
outlined in the SERVQUAL Model, where consistent and dependable service delivery is a critical dimension of
customer satisfaction.
The variable with the highest rating, averaging 3.67, is "The site provides reasonable prices." This finding
indicates that guests believe the pricing of the agritourism site is just and suitable for the services and
experiences available. Fair pricing probably plays a major role in visitor satisfaction since it meets their
expectations regarding value for money, a determinant that has been consistently shown to be a primary driver
of loyalty in the tourism and hospitality sector (Li et al., 2021).
In contrast, the variables "Guest billing is updated every two days without errors" and "Price information on
the websites is refreshed" obtained the lowest average scores of 3.58, yet they remain within the "Highly
Satisfied" classification. The somewhat reduced scores might indicate areas for enhancement. For example,
guests might encounter sporadic delays or irregularities in billing procedures, potentially eroding their
confidence in the system. Likewise, improving the timeliness and precision of the pricing information on the
website could provide greater clarity and dependability for prospective visitors, as service reliability and
information accuracy are foundational to building trust and a positive brand image (Rather et al., 2022).
Overall, the results demonstrate that fair pricing, transparent communication, and consistent service delivery
are critical to enhancing tourist satisfaction. These findings emphasize the need for agritourism operators to
prioritize affordability, accurate information dissemination, and staff training to maintain high levels of
customer satisfaction and foster loyalty among tourists.
D. Level of Satisfaction in terms of Location and Accessibility
C. Location and Accessibility
Mean
Satisfaction Level
1. The sites is located on a non-congested area
3.71
Highly Satisfied
2. Modes of Transportation going to and from the sites are available 24 hours.
3.63
Highly Satisfied
3. The site is accessible by any modes of transportation
3.65
Highly Satisfied
4. The site can be tracked easily
3.68
Highly Satisfied
5. Location is favorable stay (free from noise and public disturbances)
3.66
Highly Satisfied
Aggregate Mean
3.67
Highly Satisfied
The analysis of this table reveals a high level of satisfaction with the site's location and accessibility, reflected
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in an overall mean score of 3.67.
The highest mean score is for the statement "The site is located on a non-congested area" with a score of 3.71.
This indicates that respondents are highly satisfied with the location of the sites being in areas free from traffic
congestion, a finding supported by research linking uncrowded environments to lower psychological stress and
higher restorative experiences in tourism settings (Li et al., 2022). Congestion is often associated with stress
and negative emotions, so avoiding congested areas can contribute to a positive experience.
While the lowest mean score is for the statement "Modes of Transportation going to and from the sites are
available 24 hours" with a score of 3.63. While still indicating high satisfaction, this suggests that respondents
might always have some minor concerns about the availability of transportation options. This could be due to
factors such as limited night-time public transport or infrequent service during certain hours, which can be a
significant barrier to seamless travel and perceived accessibility in rural or agritourism destinations (Cheng &
Chen, 2023).
The data aligns with key theories in environmental psychology and human behavior. The Stimulus-
OrganismResponse (S-O-R) model explains how the positive attributes of the site act as stimuli that evoke
favorable responses from individuals. Place Attachment Theory suggests that an accessible and comfortable
environment fosters emotional connections, enhancing satisfaction. Similarly, Environmental Stress Theory
underscores how the absence of noise, congestion, and disturbances reduces stress and improves well-being, a
concept recently validated in studies on the positive effects of tranquil, natural environments on tourist
satisfaction (Li et al., 2022). Overall, these findings emphasize the critical role of well-planned, accessible, and
peaceful locations in promoting user satisfaction and well-being.
E. Level of Satisfaction in terms of Facilities and Amenities
D. Facilities/ Amenities
Mean
Satisfaction Level
1. The site's layout makes it easy for the guest to find what they need.
3.66
Highly Satisfied
2. The site's structure enables guest to move around without difficulty.
3.68
Highly Satisfied
3. The operating hours of the facilities of the site are convenient to the guest.
3.68
Highly Satisfied
4. Reservation process for the site can be obtained easily
3.64
Highly Satisfied
5.The site provides convenient facilities for disabled guest
3.64
Highly Satisfied
6. The site offers facilities such as a toilet and wash area.
3.74
Highly Satisfied
Aggregate Mean
3.67
Highly Satisfied
This table presents the respondents' level of satisfaction with the facilities and amenities at agritourism sites,
with an aggregate mean of 3.67, classified as "Highly Satisfied." Among the criteria, the highest mean score of
3.74 is observed for the statement "The site offers facilities such as a toilet and wash area." This suggests that
respondents highly appreciate the availability of basic yet essential facilities like restrooms, a factor
consistently identified as a critical baseline for tourist comfort and a fundamental determinant of overall
satisfaction in rural tourism settings (Cheng & Chen, 2023).
Based on the data, the lowest mean score of 3.64 is observed for both the statements "The operating hours of
the facilities of the site are convenient to the guest" and "Reservation process for the site can be obtained
easily." While still indicating high satisfaction, these scores suggest that respondents might have minor
concerns regarding the convenience of operating hours or the reservation process. This could be due to factors
like limited operating hours during certain times or a complex reservation procedure, which can create
significant friction in the customer journey and negatively impact the perceived ease of access (Rather et al.,
2022).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)
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Overall, the data underscores the critical role of well-planned, functional, and inclusive facilities and amenities
in enhancing tourist satisfaction. Agritourism operators should continue to prioritize maintaining and
improving these features, as they are integral to creating positive and memorable experiences for all guests.
Ensuring the availability, cleanliness, and accessibility of facilities will not only improve satisfaction but also
foster loyalty and encourage repeat visits, directly contributing to the long-term economic sustainability of the
enterprise (Cheng & Chen, 2023).
F. Significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and their level of satisfaction with the
Agritourism site.
Agritourism Site
Satisfaction Level vs.
n
Chi-square
Test Value
df
p-Value
Decision Ho
Remark
A. Age Group
100
3.552
3
0.314
Failed to reject
Not Significant
B. Gender
100
1.569
2
0.456
Failed to reject
Not Significant
C. Civil Status
100
2.019
3
0.569
Failed to reject
Not Significant
D. Educ A
100
1.027
3
0.795
Failed to reject
Not Significant
*Significant at a = 0.05 level
This table presents the results of the statistical analysis conducted to determine whether there the study aimed
to explore whether demographic variables influence respondents' satisfaction levels with Agritourism Sites
across different factors. The analysis revealed that none of the demographic factors showed a statistically
significant relationship with the level of satisfaction on agritourism sites, as all p-values exceeded the
significance level of 0.05. This indicates that the respondents’ age (p = 0.314), gender (p = 0.456), civil status
(p = 0.569), and Educational Attainment (p = 0.795) did not significantly influence their perceptions. This
finding aligns with recent agritourism research, such as the work of Tew and Barbieri (2022), whose meta-
analysis found that core experience factors often outweigh demographic variables in predicting overall
satisfaction.
In conclusion, the study found no significant relationship between the respondents’ demographic profiles and
their level of satisfaction with Agritourism sites. This suggests that other factors, such as personal interests,
exposure to tourism, or cultural attitudes, may play a more influential role in shaping satisfaction.
Moreover, the potential for a significant relationship between the profile of respondents and their level of
satisfaction can be explained through various theories. For instance, the Theory of Planned Behavior indicates
that attitudes and intentions toward agritourism vary by individual factors, and while not significant in this
study, these profiles can shape the perceived value of the experience, which is a key determinant of satisfaction
(Rather et al., 2022). Similarly, the SERVQUAL model highlights that service quality dimensions like
reliability and empathy are evaluated differently depending on the respondent’s needs and background.
Overall, while this study did not find a link, these theories support the idea that respondent profiles can play a
crucial role in determining satisfaction, underscoring the complexity of consumer behavior in agritourism.
Proposed Action Plan
Focus Area
Action Steps
Person
Responsible
Timeline
Success
Indicators
Billing Accuracy &
Timeliness
Review and audit current
billing procedures to identify
gaps and errors.
Finance Officer,
Site Manager
Within 2
weeks
Completed audit
report
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Implement a Daily Billing
Update Protocol (instead of
every other day).
Finance Staff
Within 1
month
Daily accurate
billing records
Train staff on new billing
procedures or system to
minimize human error.
HR / Training
Team
Within 3
weeks
100% of finance
staff trained
Establish a verification
checklist before sending out
bills to guests.
Finance Staff
Within 1
week
Reduced billing
discrepancies
Price Information
Updates (Website &
Promotions)
Assign a Pricing Officer
responsible for regularly
updating prices online.
Marketing Head
Within 1
week
Staff assigned
Focus Area
Action Steps
Person
Responsible
Timeline
Success
Indicators
Create a Price Update
Calendar to align with
seasonal pricing and
promotions.
Pricing Officer,
Marketing Team
Within 2
weeks
Calendar in place
Update website and social
media platforms at least
weekly or as soon as changes
occur.
IT / Web Admin
Ongoing
No outdated prices
online
Cross-check online prices with
on-site prices to ensure
consistency.
Quality
Assurance Team
Monthly
100% price
consistency
Monitoring &
Evaluation
Conduct guest feedback
surveys focusing on billing
and pricing accuracy.
Customer
Relations
Officer
Monthly
Increased
satisfaction ratings
Review the number of billing
complaints or errors recorded.
Finance Officer
Monthly
Fewer billing
complaints
Track website update logs to
ensure timely price changes.
IT Team
Weekly
Timely updates
reflected in system
logs
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the study reveals that the level of satisfaction of visitors to agritourism sites in Southern Leyte is
significantly influenced by the quality of facilities, amenities, price, location, and accessibility. The findings
indicate that tourists value well-maintained infrastructure, clean accommodations, engaging recreational
activities, and convenient access to the sites. Respondents highlighted the importance of factors such as
proximity to transport hubs, clear signage, and the availability of essential services in enhancing their overall
experience. These insights suggest that investing in improved infrastructure and high-quality amenities can
significantly boost tourist satisfaction, encourage repeat visits, and strengthen the region's agritourism
potential. Ultimately, these findings provide valuable implications for policymakers, stakeholders, and site
operators in developing and promoting sustainable agritourism practices in Southern Leyte.
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Based on the findings of the relationship between the profile of the respondents and their level of satisfaction,
suggest that the level of satisfaction experienced by visitors to agritourism sites in Southern Leyte is likely
influenced by other factors not covered by demographic profiles. These factors may include the quality of
services, facilities, accessibility, or other experiential elements. As such, stakeholders, and policymakers in the
agritourism sector may need to focus on improving the overall visitor experience rather than tailoring services
based on demographic groups to enhance satisfaction levels further.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher desire to convey her sincere gratitude, endless, appreciation and heartfelt indebtedness to the
Almighty Father for his bountiful blessings, and guidance bestowed upon across all the endeavors to make the
completion of this work possible. Heartfelt thanks and gratitude are also extended to the following persons for
their invaluable assistance, guidance, support, and encouragement in the realization of this work. Special
mention to the chairman of the panel of evaluators and panel members for the support; professional guidance,
valuable ideas, and encouragement in the pursuit of this study; my adviser, Dr. Rene D. Osorno, for his
guidance; my statistician, Dr. Richard Alcantara, for his expertise; the Panel of Examiners—Dr. Grayfield T.
Bajao, Dr. Ily E. Abella, and Chairman Dr. Yolanda C. Sayson—for their insightful feedback; my beloved
family and friends for their unwavering strength, also extending my gratitude to the Municipality of Sogod, the
Municipality of Libagon in Southern Leyte, and the University of Cebu.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue X October 2025
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