This study aims to provide an informative and unbiased scientifical comparison of the Biden and Trump

presidencies for the American public, global media, and scholars. Using modern technology and utilizing official

data sources from the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve, World Bank, and United Nations, the study ran

hypothesis testing and Welsh t-tests on various societal indicators like war casualties and economic metrics like

debt and unemployment. Empirical evidence suggested that debt growth and death tolls are better (lower) during

a trump term, however in terms of unemployment the difference is not statistically significant, even though

million U.S residents, but also extends its influence to the lives of around eight billion people worldwide (Burns,

2019).

Hence, the decision between a Republican and a Democratic president, even though it is a personal choice for

U.S citizens, yet has significant consequences for non-Americans around the world. Surprisingly, even within

American nationalist circles, opinions frequently rely on subjective sentiments rather than objective data.

Furthermore, some individuals shape their opinion and form their views based on biased media outlets that

openly support either the Democratic or Republican party.

Indeed, the influence of Pathos is already prominent in the media and charismatic speeches of candidates and

presidents which effectively appeal to emotions. However, the primary objective of this study is to focus on

pandemic, which disrupted the financial system from 2019 until 2022 (Gee & Asmundson, 2023).

president's first term. This control variable enhances the credibility of the results by ensuring that they are rooted

in the performance of the individuals rather than being excessively influenced by global events. Accordingly,

data are handled with care and delicacy, especially given that the United States, as the global leader in research

and development has influence beyond its borders more than any country in the world (Beainy and Kamel, 2023).

The first research question examines individual welfare, focusing on which of the two presidents achieved

greater progress in reducing unemployment, while not directly addressing other far-reaching effects, such as

decreased crime rates and an overall enhancement of safety and quality of life within American Society

(Purnomo, Supriyo et al. 2023).

mandates on the backdrop of a larger population.

In addition to its distribution to global media outlets, the study's importance lies in its ability to offer valuable

data from an impartial, third-party perspective. Much like an individual residing on Earth may struggle to

unbiased perspective, especially when using accurate data sourced from trusted institutions headquartered within

Washington, D.C.

This section reviews the historical evolution of the American unemployment rate, the American debt, and the

war casualties in the core conflicts of the century.

Unemployment rates are not only indicators of the general state of the economy, but also a reflection on

presidency success (Stiglitz, Sen et al. 2009). They are often associated with economic health and presidential

War II, hitting 10.8 percent due to the ensuing spike in oil prices. It had returned to an average around 7

percent. However, rates started to rise in July 1990, which peaked in June 1992 at an average of 6.8% (Pollin

2005).

uncertainty, which contributed to an increase in the unemployment rate. June 2003 saw a drop, which continued

through the summer and fall of 2007 until a dramatic increase happened in 2008, reaching a peak of 7.8 percent.

When Bush concluded his tenure, the average was about 6 percent (Hungerford 2012).

2009 at 10%, lingered just below that mark for the next year, and then started a gradual slide at the end of 2010,

2020, the COVID-19 epidemic caused a sharp increase in unemployment to reach 14.8% before it declines to

tenure was one of the lowest in modern American history, which has significant positive impact on the stability

of the international financial system (Kamel, Beainy, & Bteish, 2025).

Before World War II, American national debt was around 33 Billion due to the Great Depression in 1920 and

The government debt was still growing at the beginning of the 1980s due to significant tax cuts and a rise in

defense spending. The National debt was $2.7 Trillion at the end of Ronald Reagan administration mandate

(Aizenman and Marion 2011).

President Bill Clinton oversaw tax increases, cut defense expenditure, and the United States experienced an

economic boom that slowed down the expansion of the National debt that has reached $5.6 Trillion by 2000

(Warnock 2010).

Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, debts expanded in the new century. The economy stagnated

as more money was spent on Iraq War and Homeland security. Moreover, the Government borrowed a significant

sum of money from Social Security and Medicare (Kelly 2008).

The Government deficit reached over $8.1 Trillion by 2005. Between December 2007 and June 2009, the United

significant Government bailouts. In few years, the unemployment rate virtually doubled from 5.8 percent to 9.3

percent, while house values fell down by around 20% (Holton 2023).

To boost the economy and achieve a financial recovery, President George W. Bush signed the Troubled Asset

Relief Program into law in 2008. It was around a $700 Billion program. Well ahead, the $831 Billion American

Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 was passed by President Barack Obama.

The National debt has increased to $12.3 Trillion by the end of 2009 (Maniam 2014).

What is historically proven is that wars are the main and direct cause of the increase in casualties worldwide

(Taylor 2023). The graph above shows the evolution of the number of victims resulting from the most substantial

wars of recent decades. The role played by the United States in these wars is detailed below.

Since World War II, there have been 15 Presidents for the United States of America, all of whom have presided

America through wartime situations, confronting varying stages of conflicts (Geys 2010). Most of them, such

President Trump who took office in January 2017, or President Biden who took office in January 2021, inherited

wars that their predecessors started or left behind (Hanhalo and Semerak, 2023). Both have inherited decisions

to continue the Wars against al-Qaeda and other Islamic jihadist groups in Iraq, Syria, Pakistan, Yemen, Libya,

Somalia, North Africa and elsewhere (Hanhalo and Semerak, 2023).

The United States, under Presidents Obama and Trump, supported the Saudi-led coalition against the Iran-backed

weapons, training, money, economic and political support (Kagan, 2023). In fact, under Biden's presidency a

new cold war has been developed with Russia, Iran, North Korea, and China (Sullivan, 2023).

To address the research inquiries through a quantitative approach, three hypotheses were formulated, all

indicating that the accuracy of our assertions is unfounded and incorrect and that the disparity in impact between

the two presidents is negligible.

Hypothesis One: The unemployment rate in the United States remains consistent during both President Trump's

and President Biden's mandates.

The objective of the first hypothesis is to investigate whether either of the presidents exerts a significant influence

on the lives of American individuals by examining the consistency of the unemployment rate in the United States

during both President Trump's and President Biden's mandates.

Table 1: Focus of Hypothesis one

Donald Trump's and Joseph Biden's presidencies.

Table 2: Focus of Hypothesis two

Hypothesis Three: The loss of human lives due to war shows similarities between Trump's and Biden's

administrations.

The aim of the third hypothesis is to scrutinize potential significant differences on a global scale, particularly in

terms of the loss of Human lives due to war, by comparing the similarities in the loss of Human lives due to war

between Trump's and Biden's administrations.

Figure 1: Unemployment Rate (%)

this study, wars are less likely to erupt within his presidency, thus quantitatively, the observed death tolls decline

significantly under a tenure of President Trump.

Table 6: Welch-t results

Source: Source: Biden versus trump in numbers study

presidency.

Figure 3: 1,000,000 regarding reduction of Deficit

In today's era, prioritizing numerical and empirical evidence allows us to draw conclusions based on mathematics

and statistical tests rather than being influenced by politicians' discourse, especially when significant

implications are at stake. In a world where media is used as a tool to shift public opinion, such quantitative

scientific studies in the world's best journals promote critical thinking for individuals worldwide (Beainy and

Kamel, 2023), promoting the latter would enhance proper decision making and the latter combined with

democracy, according to which the decision is for the people, would render such articles as medications against

Communism, discrepancy and uninformed irresponsible decision making which caused many voters in the past,

especially Americans, regret their decisions.

The World Bank's data on war-related losses were originally reported on an annual basis up to 2022, rather than

being segmented into quarters. However, for quarterly results, the identical annual figure was utilized and

divided into four equal parts.