Higher education ministry has seek to established a new university called University Keusahawanan Koperasi

Malaysia (UKKM) (bharian, 2022). The university was established to strengthen the entrepreneurial agenda in

higher learning institution. The then minister of Kementerian Pembangunan Usahawan dan Koperasi

(KUSKOP) Tan Sri Noh Omar also said, the ministry will provide RM200 miliion worth of loans for graduates

without interest under the Skim Pinjaman Informal dan Micro (SPIM). All those efforts were established to

encourage entrepreneurial orientation among undergraduates among public university in Malaysia

the country’s GDP (Bernama, 2019).

As a result of those problems above, this paper has come up with several objectives that will be discussed

below

By looking at the introduction and problem statements above, this article has come up with two objectives that

were crucial to be scrutinised.

Local public university has offered a course for students to has basic understanding of entrepreneurship. The

Engineering Entreprenurship course was offered to Universiti Malaysia Perlis students and considered as a

university common course. There was study done in a public university before (Saraih et al., 2018) whereby

important because it combines technology with business to transform Malaysia into a knowledge-based

economy (Star2.com, 2018). Though, technopreneurship is still considered a new breed of entrepreneurship. It

faces various issues and challenges in creating, training, developing and growing of new technopreneurs

(Jusoh & Halim, 2006; Tan, Karl & Mohamed, 2010; Paramasivan & Selladurai, 2017). As a result of this,

this article is interested to look whether ICT can improve the entrepreneurial orientation of undergraduate

students. Therefore this paper is interested to look into ICT as an independent factors

By referring to the research objectives, this article is interested to look into entrepreneurial orientation and the

use of ICT. This literature review will look into research models of entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial

orientation as dependent variables, ICT as independent variables and also several other variables that might

aggregation of alternative intention models to improve the predictive validity. Meanwhile Wang & Wong

(2004) saw motivational factors as the factor that transform student’s aspiration and attitude towards self-

employment. Yet, many of those research focuses on traditional brick and mortar entrepreneurial activities and

not on the use of ICT. Therefore for this research, the entrepreneurial intention model by Krueger will be

adopted.

According to Yarzebinski (1992), entrepreneurs are those who adapt new technologies in an organized,

purposeful, systematic way and innovate in their business. Technopreneurship can also be considered as a new

breed of entrepreneurship (Balachandran, 2018) which incorporates technology, innovation and business

(Ghazali, 2011). Meanwhile, technopreneurs use technology to build and develop goods, services, and

2011). There are booming phenomenon of entrepreneur that used social media platform such as sambal

Khairul Aming in Malaysia, yet, there is still lack of studies focusing on technopreneur discussions. (Foo dan

Foo, 2000). Therefore, this research will adopt technopreneurial intention from (Koe et al., 2021) as dependent

variable

In Bandura’s social cognitive theory, self-efficacy is a construct that can be explained as “people judgements

of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required in attaining designated types of

intention. In a research by Saw, Santhenamery and Nor (2021), low self-efficacy towards entrepreneurial

intention among university students would delay them from exploring entrepreneurship after graduating.

(2019) also found, there was a positive relationship between ability to use computer and entrepreneurial

intention in high school and vocational students. Yet, there were not many research that explore self-efficacy

in the scope of ICT especially in Malaysia. Therefore, this research will use ICT Self Efficacy as the first

dependent variable

This study adopts a cross-sectional research design, whereby data is collected from a specific population at a

single point in time or within a short duration. A quantitative approach will be employed, using a structured

questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. The use of a questionnaire enables the inclusion of a large

sample size and generates data suitable for statistical analysis through the Statistical Package for the Social

Sciences (SPSS) version 29

In essence, this study seeks to examine the factors influencing entrepreneurial orientation of undergraduate

student in UniMAP through a cross-sectional and quantitative research design. Data will be gathered from

questionnaire using a structured questionnaire, which is organized into two sections to comprehensively

capture both the independent and dependent variables under investigation.

Future studies should explore alternative strategies to promote entrepreurial adoption, such as incorporating

online business simulation elements in entrepreneurial courses and online marketing mechanisms. Gaining

deeper insights into how reward systems influence adoption behavior will help policymakers in university and

industry players design targeted interventions that support sustainable adoption rates in Malaysia.

In addition, future research should also examine innovative approaches to improving digital literacy, including

the integration of business simulation and online marketing. A clearer understanding of the relationship

technology, with a central focus on perceived value—a concept widely relevant across various industries.

While previous publications have addressed this topic in different contexts, the present research contributes

fresh perspectives that extend beyond national boundaries, offering insights applicable to international markets

and economies. The outcomes of this study are expected to provide significant value to universities by

supporting the development of innovative strategies in academic courses and enhancing their competitive

advantage.