Syariah and scientific point of views are limited. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the status of

alcohol usage in cleanser products. Data collection methods in this study include participatory observations to

analyse data and obtain more regular and complete information. Lab experiments are conducted in the

laboratory of Halal Products Research Institute Universiti Putra Malaysia to contents the safety and types of

alcohol in cosmetics products. Results shown that ten alcohol compounds were identified in the sample

cleansers. These alcohols were 1-butanediol, 2-phenoxy ethanol, 3-hexanol, 4-ethanol, and 5-propylene glycol.

These alcohols are used as cleaning agents and solvents in cosmetic products and are suitable to be applied to

the skin. Among these ten alcohol compounds, three compounds were found with the highest percentages

which were 2-phenoxy ethanol (64.39 ± 10.43), 5-propylene glycol (31.96 ± 11.59) and 4-ethanol (1.29±0.06).

Furthermore, this study proves that the use of alcohol in cleanser products is permissible in Islam if the alcohol

believed to help in the maintenance of personal beauty. Generally, before choosing and subscribing to a beauty

product, consumers will obtain information about the product through advertisements in the mass media.

This study aims to analyse the cleanser products also known as the alcoholic cosmetic product with research

concept of halal deeply. According to (Nasruddin Yunos et al. 2018, 124-137) the understanding of the concept

of halal and acceptance the concept plays a significant role in enhancing and promoting diversity among

various ethnicities in Malaysia. The halal industry is widely accepted by the Malaysian society and keeps on

growing day by day. Therefore, halal products are not only meant for Muslims but also the non-Muslim

community shows their interest in it for various reasons (Nasruddin Yunos et al. 2018, 124-137).

(Farid Ravi Abdullah 2017) argues that alcohol produced for cosmetic purposes is not alcohol because it is

condition that there is a reasonable reason and is accepted by the Shariah.

According to the study by (Latifah et al. 2018, 98-114), processed alcohol is fermented or fermented by

chemical changes caused by the reaction of yeast or bacteria to produce beverages, foods, and cosmetics.

However, not all alcohol used in cosmetic products comes from alcohol that undergoes a fermentation process

to produce an intoxicating beverage. Even with today's technology, chemical production of alcohol for use in

various industries is widespread.

Based on a study by JAKIM's Halal Hub Division, alcohol is an organic series consisting of a sequence of

carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). The general formula for alcohol is R-OH, where R represents a

hydrocarbon compound, or an alkyl group (CnH2n+1) and the hydroxyl function (OH) is attached to a carbon

atom. There are several types of alcohol that are often used in products such as ethanol, propylene glycol (1,2-

penetrate better into the skin and act as a preservative. Nevertheless, alcohol is always mistaken with khamr,

which is in alcoholic beverage prohibited in hadith the Prophet of Muhammad (peace be upon him [PBUH])

said, ‘Every intoxicant is khamr and very intoxicant is haram (forbidden)’ (Riwayat Muslim and Ad-

Daruquthuny). Based on Yusof Al-Qaradhawi (2016), khamr is the intoxicating substance of alcohol. Its

means that the meaning of alcohol is broader than Al-khamr and there is the alcohol is not prohibited (haram)

in Islam, if the process is not for making al-Khamr.

Alcohol is also known as ethanol or ethyl alcohol and can be found in various cosmetic products. According to

(Mohd Hapiz Mahaiyadin, Muhammad Rahimi Osman 2017, 101–119) alcohol is a type of chemical that has

many uses. Alcohol such as methanol and ethanol are derived from wood and cereal, respectively. The alcohol

used in cosmetic products is volatile, flammable, colourless, and has a distinctive aroma (Mulaina 2014, 1-13).

Linguistically, khamr means to cover or keep the mind from reason. Conceptually, khamr is an intoxicating

drink consisting of elements of wine and others, as reported by Muslim (182/13), namely that Prophet

Muhammad SAW said, "All that is intoxicating is khamr, and all khamr is haram" (Dr. Wahab Zuhaili 2011).

Alcohol is called 'al-ghol' in Arabic, which means to intoxicate or harm the mind (Sulaiman 2013). From the

perspective of Arabic usage, alcohol or wine has various meanings, including closure (taghtiyah), mixing

(mukhalatah), change (taghayyur), enough time (idra'k wa bulu'gh al-awan), and abandonment (tark) (Ibn

Manzoor 1993). Therefore, the same meaning as khamr according to (Al-Hasiri and Sabib Ali n.d, 31.) is

closure and mixing, which is able to close the function of the mind and mix the human thoughts until they lose

their reason.

According to the study of (Saad Al-Murazi 2018), khamr linguistically means to intoxicate the mind, while

There are several schools of thought that have defined the meaning of khamr. According to Imam Hanafi

the limit does not intoxicate. Although Imam Shafie forbids it, he does not completely equate alcohol with

is unclean and illegal (Hamidullah Mahmud 2020).

use of alcohol is not only found in certain food and beverage product, but also most widely used in cosmetics

permissible, there are some disputes over the use of alcohol in cosmetics products. Therefore, this study will

share many studies that have discussed using alcohol regarding halal status.

According to (Hashim et al. 2013, 281–292), the sources of ingredients of halal cosmetic products can include

halal animals (land and aquatic), plants, microorganism, alcohol, chemicals, soil, and water as long as they are

not hazardous and najs. But the presence of alcohol, specifically, ethanol in cosmetics caused great concern

among Muslim consumers. Furthermore, (Swidi et al. 2010, 1–20) explained that the Muslim consumers

globally have the right to know about the ingredients of the cosmetics, personal care products, and the

‘halalness’ of these products to avoid using products with alcohol, pork fat, and non-halal animal ingredients.

(Phuah Kit Teng 2013, 367–376) stated that halal products must not contain ingredients that are not

permissible or questionable such as alcohol, toxic chemicals, fats, placenta, and gelatine from swine or animals

that are not slaughtered according to the Islamic rules. Furthermore, most of the cosmetics and other personal

seeking halal products for purchase (Vita Briliana and Nurwanti Mursito. 2017, 176–184).

contamination from najs during preparation processing, manufacturing, and storage, and must be safe for

consumers. (Siti Nor Bayaah Ahmad, Shaharudin Yunus and Roslan Rose 2015, 112-123) stated that it is

(Asa et al. 2017, 38-50) stated that the usage of alcohol in food, drinks, perfumes, and medicine in a special

discussion of the Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs Malaysia on 2011

was decided as follows: alcohol derived from the brewing process is haram and considered as filth, but alcohol

derived from non-liquor production processes is not filth but haram to drink because it is poisonous and

harmful. Besides that, according to (Hussein Elasrag 2016), alcohol which is used in various forms, both for

the maintenance of machinery and in the products themselves, is one of the aspects in halal standard guidelines

that differ between countries.

(Yarkhan 2018) explained all the products with names ending in alcohol are not products to be consumed

contain alcohol and porcine by-products and their derivatives. It should be manufactured, stored, packaged,

women’s (in perfumes) products. Ethyl alcohol is absorbed through the skin and flesh into the blood vessels

halal and Syariah requirements as the product must be produce without haram ingredients such as alcohol and

Nadwah Fiqh Medical that alcohol is not impure in terms of Sharia. Therefore, the use of alcohol as a skin and

wound cleanser, medicine, and disinfectant is not a problem. Similarly, the use of alcohol in perfumes is

required for certain reasons, as alcohol does not necessarily come from substances that are prohibited in Islam.

Alcohol is used internally or as unrefined alcohol, such as in carbonated beverages or as an ingredient in foods.

In addition, it is also used externally or denatured alcohol as in perfumes, deodorants, and sprays. The

Presently, several halal standards exist in different countries globally that include standards of Malaysia,

rest of the countries on different continents like Europe and America use these existing standards as references

for halal certification which is done by the Halal Certifying Bodies (HCBs) accredited by one or more than one

internationally accrediting body for halal standard (Md Siddique and Moha Asri 2021). The Standards and

Metrology Institute for the Islamic Countries (SMIIC) is an intergovernmental regional standardization

organization headquartered in Turkey. The halal standard by SMIIC is the only initiative that aims to establish

a universal standardization and accreditation system in halal certification so that halal products can move

freely across different countries globally based on OIC/SMIIC standards and reference documents (Md

Siddique and Moha Asri 2021).

This study applied data analysis of cosmetic products to identify the information of alcohol contained in the

tested cleanser products. Laboratory research can help researchers gain a deeper understanding of the types of

alcohol compounds. During the laboratory research, the researchers interviewed researcher Syariena Arshad in

the laboratory of the Institute of Halal Products (IPPH) at Universiti Putra Malaysia, to explain alcohol

compounds and their effects on the skin. In addition, this research also used a high-tech, systematic tool,

distillation process developed and controlled by the Arabs. Distillation was one of the most important

analyses samples. Chauhan et al. (2014) explained that GC-MS is a hyphenated analytical technique that

combines the spectrum properties of gas-liquid chromatography with the detection feature of mass

spectrometry detection to identify difference compounds.

Figure 3 shows the fragmented ions of ethanol using mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The three highest values of