Greenhouse gases emission has been a threat to the world for decades and has evidently contributed to the rising

level of atmospheric carbon dioxide and consequent climate change. There will not be a stop to climate change

the insufficiency of such a framework to govern biomass-related issues by referring to laws and regulations in

Brazil, Thailand and Ethiopia.

Keywords: Climate change, Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy, Sustainable energy.

The use of renewable energy sources has become necessary to achieve the changes required to address the effects

of climate change. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy due

to its characteristic as a carbon-neutral source of energy unlike net carbon-emitting fossil fuels which is more

harmful (Abbasi & Abbasi, 2010). Energy consumption has led to an increased utilisation of fossil resulting in

climate change due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Global climate change linked to the utilization of

fossil fuels makes it unethical not to use more sustainable energy (Souza et al., 2017). It was decided in the

usage in various countries including Malaysia.

The theory behind climate change is associated with philosopher Peter Singer where he discussed fairness and

responsibility. In relation to mitigating climate change, it can be said that human beings are responsible for

reducing and, to a certain extent, preventing the impacts of climate change from happening to both the

environment and our society because it is the morally correct thing to do.

The Use of Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass Energy Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy produces less carbon and

other harmful greenhouse gases than fossil fuel alternatives produce. According to the Renewables 2020 Global

Status Report, Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy accounts for the largest share of renewable energy whereby

uneven distribution of Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy globally and has affected the development of Palm

Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy (Yang, Li, & Yan, 2020).

Climate change is real. The impacts have been increasingly felt and have reached a level that is relatively difficult

to curb. Climate change has been defined as a huge transformation of the pattern of weather according to

Australian Academy of Science.(Australian Academy of Science, 2021) As defined by the National Aeronautics

and Space Administration (NASA), it is known as a natural phenomenon which can be felt globally resulting

predominantly from the burning of fossil fuels which encourages heat-trapping in the atmosphere.(NASA, 2021)

To be specific, among the most prominent impacts of climate change are global warming. This phenomenon was

caused by the rising temperature of the earth's surface globally. Once again it is emphasized that the increase in

Global warming is the main cause of climate change which has led to rising sea levels where such increases

occur out of the ordinary. This was proven where NASA has recorded that for the past two decades, the sea water

level has increased by approximately 16 inches compared to the last century. (NASA, 2021) This occurs due to

shrinking of ice sheets and glacial retreat. This can be proved through satellite observations that the snow is

melting, and it shows a declining pattern in the amount of spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere for

over the past five decades.(NASA, 2021) The crux of the factors that lead to occurrence to climate change has

been discussed earlier, but the knowledge about how the climate system works is also crucial in this context.

The hot and cold conditions of the earth depend on the sun's energy which has been absorbed and reflected off

to space by the earth.(Denchak, 2017) However, when the concentration of atmospheric gases are high, it trapped

the energy from being reflected back to the space which leads to the raising temperature of earth

oil. Since Malaysia has lots of waste resources, it can be utilised to replace the non-renewable energy like fossil

fuel in order to generate energy for human consumption. The reason why Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass is the most

suitable substitution is because not only it could help in saving cost but could also help a lot in fulfilling the

demand for energy in future. Based on the International Energy Agency (IEA), the ASEAN-6 countries meet

more than 95% of South East Asia's energy demand, and due to rapid industrialisation and urbanisation, energy

consumption is predicted to treble. Besides, the usage of Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy has few impacts on

the environment compared to the non-renewable energy such as natural gas. Research has found that renewable

energy like Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy power stations emit significantly less carbon than fossil fuel

power plants (Salleh, 2020).

As a result, continuous reliance on fossil fuels to meet our energy needs without making conservation or

renewable energy investments, we will face catastrophic global consequences. Non-fossil fuel energy

development is critical for lowering GHG emissions, avoiding the depletion of fossil fuel resources, and dealing

country to the provision under the Paris Agreement which Malaysia has been one of the signatory countries

(Youmatter, 2020). All in all, in mitigating climate change, the use of Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy is very

helpful.

accessed using databases. Legal frameworks of Malaysia, Brazil, Ethiopia and Thailand derived from respective

government official reports. Reports published by the United Nations were also used as references as this study

focuses to combat climate change which is one of the SDGs by the UN.

Despite the existence of The Renewable Energy Act 2011 and Sustainable Energy Development Authority Act,

2011 to govern matters regarding renewable energy sources such as biomass, the main regulatory framework in

regulating these matters can be seen through The Feed-in Tariff (FiT) which commenced on 1 December 2011

and is deemed to be the main instrument for future renewable energy expansion. In response to the report by the

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2000 that establishes the greenhouse

was majorly contributed by the electricity generation, the FiT was established through the Renewable Energy

Palm Oil Biomass was far beyond reach. It was evidenced through the failure in achieving the target when we

are 40MW away from the target as it was anticipated to develop from 9.95 MW in 2016 to 79.89 MW in 2019

(Umar, Urmee, & Jennings, 2017). Umar, Urmee, & Jennings (2017) suggested that the failure was due to the

lack of resource supply which was the Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass supplies. However it was revealed that there

is enough supply of Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass that may meet the large-scale energy targets by the FiT which

was discovered through the Government reports and industry publications.

Umar, Jennings & Urmee (2014) attributed the failure to the security of supply and fuel price inflation which

cancel off the interest of producers to participate in the Palm Oil Palm Oil Biomass energy production. This

indirectly shows that the FiT system does not give lasting procedures to determine fuel supply issues for small

oil palm developers. Thus, it is the responsibility of the government to create a good business environment so

Jennings, & Urmee, 2014).

the minimum Palm Oil Biomass production of 168 million tonnes a year, still there is limited incentives and

funding to support the high cost of initial investment in Palm Oil Biomass energy production as can be seen in

the FiT scheme. The Government of Malaysia established the National Palm Oil Biomass Strategy (NBS-2020)

in 2011 to address the difficulties of oil palm wastes (OPW) disposal and management that expects to valorise

20 million tons of dry biomass, lessen GHGs, produce sustainable power and make 66,000 jobs. Nonetheless,

the progress from fossil fuels to clean bioenergy in the Malaysian energy economy will require a change in

perspective from the status quo, by addressing the numerous techno-economic and socio-political difficulties

hampering clean energy and power generation technologies in the country. Perhaps reference from other

countries regarding their regulatory framework should be considered in improving Malaysia’s regulatory

Comparatively, Brazil has its own way in promoting Palm Oil Biomass as a source of energy when it allows

installation of small generators by the consumers to create and remunerate power. It was allowed since 2012

with the publication of Resolution 482/2012 of the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) (Ribeiro et al.,

2020). It benefitted Brazilian agribusiness when they can use Palm Oil Biomass to produce energy that may

contribute to cost reduction. This legislation requires the consumers to only produce electricity by means of

energy). These are Fundamental legal rules to the protection of the environment in establishing sustainable

production, exchange and production of Palm Oil Biomass in the economic sector.

In Ethiopia, Palm Oil Biomass is mainly used in cooking and baking which puts them at 92% in Palm Oil

Biomass energy usage. Ethiopia came out with Climate Resilient and Green Economy (CRGE) Strategy 2013-

2030, a strategic development project on economic growth, sustainability and poverty reduction. Their National

Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) demands the uses of wood (Palm Oil Biomass energy) to be part of the

main source of energy while 2nd Draft National Energy Policy (2013) promotes sustainable forest management

to ensure environmental sustainability in producing Palm Oil Biomass such as Improving technology to minimise

deforestation and reducing air pollution of the main source of energy. The policies introduced are in accordance

with endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme to ensure sustainability in producing Palm

growing concern in the field. To safeguard the environment, capacity-building should focus on connecting

people to nature and sharing common ground (Franco et. al, 2020). When compared to other regions, it is said

that despite significant government backing, there is a scarcity of collaboration for capacity-building for