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Leveraging Information Technology and Organizational Capabilities
to Enhance Library Agility
Andi Asari, Mad Khir Johari Abdullah Sani
*
, Haslinda Husaini
1
Department of Library Science, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang City 65145 East
Java Indonesia, Indonesia
2,3
Information Management, School of Information Science, College of Computing, Informatics and
Mathematics Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor Branch, Puncak Perdana Campus, 40150 Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding Author
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.910000686
Received: 24 October 2025; Accepted: 30 October 2025; Published: 21 November 2025
ABSTRACT
The rapidly evolving landscape of information technology and organizational dynamics presents both
opportunities and challenges for libraries aiming to enhance their agility and responsiveness. This systematic
review investigates how libraries, both academic and public, leverage IT and organizational capabilities to
improve their agility. By synthesizing recent research and emerging trends, this study provides a comprehensive
analysis of how these elements contribute to the effectiveness and adaptability of library services.
We systematically reviewed literature published from 2010 to 2024, focusing on studies that explore the
integration of IT solutions and organizational practices within library contexts. Our review encompassed a broad
range of sources, including academic journals, conference proceedings, and industry reports. We applied a
rigorous selection process to ensure the inclusion of high-quality, relevant studies that offer insights into the
impact of technological and organizational strategies on library performance.
Key findings highlight that advanced IT capabilitiesāsuch as cloud-based systems, integrated library
management systems (ILMS), and data analyticsāare crucial for enhancing library agility. These technologies
enable libraries to manage resources efficiently, respond to user needs effectively, and adapt to emerging trends.
Additionally, organizational dynamics, including leadership, organizational culture, and staff training, play a
significant role in facilitating the successful integration of IT solutions and fostering an agile library environment.
Our review identifies several critical factors that contribute to effective IT and organizational integration: the
importance of a supportive leadership structure that champions technological innovation, the need for a culture
that embraces change and fosters continuous improvement, and the value of ongoing staff training to ensure
proficiency with new technologies. Moreover, the study underscores the necessity of addressing challenges such
as high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, and resistance to change.
This review provides practical recommendations for libraries seeking to enhance their agility through IT and
organizational strategies. It suggests adopting scalable and flexible IT solutions, cultivating a culture of
innovation, and investing in comprehensive staff development. The findings offer valuable insights for library
practitioners and policymakers, guiding them in leveraging IT and organizational capabilities to achieve greater
agility and effectiveness in serving their communities.
By integrating recent advancements in technology with strategic organizational practices, libraries can better
position themselves to navigate the complexities of the modern information environment, improve service
delivery, and respond proactively to the evolving needs of their users.
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Keywords: library agility, information technology, organizational capabilities, systematic review, academic
libraries, public libraries, digital infrastructure, data analytics, leadership, staff training.
INTRODUCTION
The rapid evolution of information technology and organizational dynamics has fundamentally reshaped the
landscape of library services. Libraries are increasingly required to enhance their agility to effectively meet the
demands of a digital and dynamic environment. Agility in libraries refers to the capacity to swiftly adapt to
changes, optimize resource management, and deliver responsive and high-quality services. This capacity is
crucial for libraries to maintain relevance and effectiveness in the face of technological advancements and shifting
user expectations. This introduction provides an overview of the importance of integrating IT and organizational
capabilities for enhancing library agility, identifies gaps in existing research, and outlines the innovative aspects
of this study.
The Need for Agility in Libraries
Libraries have traditionally served as repositories of knowledge, offering access to physical collections and
structured information services. However, the proliferation of digital resources and the advent of new
technologies have transformed libraries into multifaceted information hubs that must adapt continuously. Users
now demand on-demand access to information, personalized services, and seamless interactions across various
platforms. As a result, libraries are under pressure to enhance their agility defined as the ability to adapt quickly
and efficiently to external changes and internal challenges (Morton, 2023).
Information Technology as a Catalyst for Agility
Information technology is a critical enabler of library agility, providing the tools and systems necessary for
managing and delivering services in a rapidly changing environment. Key IT capabilities that contribute to library
agility include:
a. Cloud-Based Systems: Cloud computing offers scalable solutions that allow libraries to manage extensive
datasets and digital resources flexibly. This technology supports integrated library management systems
(ILMS) and facilitates remote access to resources, which enhances operational efficiency and
responsiveness (Kumar, 2016).
b. Data Analytics: Data analytics tools enable libraries to collect and analyze user data, optimize service
delivery, and make informed decisions. By understanding usage patterns and user preferences, libraries
can tailor their services to better meet the needs of their patrons and anticipate emerging trends (Schimmel,
2024).
c. Digital Infrastructure: The development of robust digital infrastructures, including digital repositories,
virtual reference services, and mobile applications, is essential for expanding access and improving user
engagement. These technologies support the transition from traditional to digital service models and
enhance the accessibility and interactivity of library services (Goodman, 2024).
Organizational Dynamics and Library Agility
While IT capabilities are essential, the organizational dynamics within libraries significantly impact their ability
to integrate technology and achieve agility. Key organizational factors include:
a. Leadership: Effective leadership is crucial for guiding technological innovation and managing change.
Leaders who advocate for IT adoption, align technology strategies with library goals, and support staff
through transitions contribute to successful technology integration and organizational agility (Lee, 2024).
b. Organizational Culture: A culture that fosters innovation, collaboration, and continuous learning is vital
for effective technology integration. Libraries with a supportive culture are better equipped to embrace
new technologies and adapt to changing circumstances (Lee, 2024).
c. Staff Training: Continuous professional development is essential for ensuring that staff are proficient in
new technologies and can effectively manage changes. Training programs that address technological skills
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and change management are critical for maximizing the benefits of IT investments (Gupta & Kushwaha,
20252).
Novelty and Research Gaps
Although considerable research has been conducted on individual aspects of IT and organizational capabilities
within libraries, there is a notable gap in studies that systematically integrate these elements to evaluate their
combined impact on library agility. Existing research often examines IT or organizational dynamics in isolation,
without exploring how these factors interact to influence overall agility. Additionally, the current literature lacks
a comprehensive review of recent advancements and emerging trends in both academic and public library
contexts (Ibrahim et al., 2025).
This study addresses these gaps by providing a systematic review of how libraries leverage IT and organizational
capabilities to enhance their agility. By synthesizing recent research and identifying best practices, this review
offers new insights into the integrated approach to technology and organizational dynamics (Tallon et al., 2019).
The study explores:
a. The Interplay Between IT and Organizational Factors: Examining how IT capabilities and organizational
practices interact to enhance library agility, rather than considering them in isolation.
b. Emerging Trends and Innovations: Identifying and analyzing the latest advancements in technology and
organizational practices that impact library operations and service delivery.
c. Practical Recommendations: Offering actionable insights for library practitioners and policymakers to
improve agility through integrated IT and organizational strategies.
METHODOLOGY
The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of how libraries leverage information
technology (IT) and organizational capabilities to enhance their agility. This methodology section outlines the
steps taken to conduct the review, including the formulation of research questions, search strategy, inclusion and
exclusion criteria, data extraction, and synthesis of findings. The systematic approach ensures that the review is
thorough, replicable, and adheres to high academic standards (Butler et al., 2016).
Formulation of Research Questions
The primary research questions guiding this systematic review are:
a. What IT capabilities are most effective in enhancing library agility, and how do they impact library
operations and services?
b. How do organizational dynamics, such as leadership, culture, and staff training, influence the successful
integration of IT solutions and the promotion of agility in libraries?
c. What are the emerging trends and best practices in leveraging IT and organizational strategies to improve
library agility, and what challenges are commonly encountered?
These questions are designed to explore both the technological and organizational dimensions of library agility,
focusing on how these elements interact to enhance library performance.
Search Strategy
The search strategy involved a comprehensive and systematic approach to identify relevant literature. The
following steps were undertaken:
a. Database Selection: Key academic databases were selected to ensure a wide coverage of relevant
literature. The databases include: Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, JSTOR.
b. Search Terms: The search terms were carefully chosen to capture a broad range of relevant studies. The
search strategy used a combination of keywords and Boolean operators to ensure inclusivity and precision.
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The primary search terms included: Information Technology, Organizational Capabilities, Library
Agility, Academic Libraries, Public Libraries, Systematic Review, Technology Integration, Library
Management Systems"
c. Search Process:The search was conducted in August 2024. The search results were exported and managed
using reference management software such as EndNote and Zotero to facilitate the organization and
retrieval of articles.
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
To ensure the relevance and quality of the selected studies, the following inclusion and exclusion criteria were
applied:
a. Inclusion Criteria:
ļ¼ Publication Date: Studies published from January 2010 to August 2024 to capture recent
advancements.
ļ¼ Language: Studies published in English to maintain consistency in analysis.
ļ¼ Study Type: Peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and industry reports that provide
empirical evidence, case studies, or theoretical insights into IT and organizational capabilities in
libraries.
ļ¼ Focus: Research that directly addresses the impact of IT and organizational capabilities on library
agility, including both academic and public libraries.
b. Exclusion Criteria:
ļ¼ Publication Type: Non-peer-reviewed sources, such as opinion pieces, editorials, and non-
academic articles.
ļ¼ Scope: Studies not focused on library settings, or those that do not provide relevant insights into
IT and organizational capabilities.
ļ¼ Quality: Studies that do not meet minimum quality standards for academic research, including
those with methodological flaws or limited relevance.
Data Extraction and Quality Assessment
a. Data Extraction: A standardized data extraction form was used to collect relevant information from each
included study. The data extracted included:
ļ¼ Author(s) and Year of Publication
ļ¼ Title and Source
ļ¼ Research Objectives and Questions
ļ¼ Methodology (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods)
ļ¼ Key Findings and Insights
ļ¼ IT Capabilities and Organizational Dynamics Examined
ļ¼ Context (Academic or Public Library)
ļ¼ Implications for Library Agility.
b. Quality Assessment: Each study was assessed for quality and relevance using established criteria:
ļ¼ Relevance: Directly addresses research questions related to IT and organizational capabilities.
ļ¼ Methodological Rigor: Employs sound research methods and provides clear, replicable results.
ļ¼ Contribution to Knowledge: Offers significant insights into the impact of IT and organizational
dynamics on library agility.
The quality assessment was performed using a modified version of the **Critical Appraisal Skills
Programme (CASP)** tool, adapted for the review of library and information science research (Critical
Appraisal Skills Programme, 2018).
Data Synthesis and Analysis
a. Data Synthesis: The data from the selected studies were synthesized to identify common themes, trends,
and patterns. The synthesis involved:
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ļ¼ Thematic Analysis: Organizing data into key themes related to IT capabilities, organizational
dynamics, and their impact on library agility.
ļ¼ Comparative Analysis: Comparing findings across different contexts (academic vs. public
libraries) to identify similarities and differences.
b. Integration of Findings: The synthesized data were integrated to provide a cohesive understanding of
how IT and organizational capabilities contribute to library agility. This integration involved:
ļ¼ Mapping IT Capabilities: Identifying which IT solutions are most effective and how they are
utilized in different library settings.
ļ¼ Exploring Organizational Factors: Analyzing how leadership, culture, and staff training influence
the adoption and effectiveness of IT solutions.
ļ¼ Highlighting Trends and Challenges: Summarizing emerging trends, best practices, and common
challenges in enhancing library agility.
c. Presentation of Results: The results were presented in a structured format, including thematic summaries,
tables, and figures to illustrate key findings and trends.
Limitations
While the systematic review methodology provides a comprehensive analysis, there are inherent limitations:
a. Publication Bias: The review may be subject to publication bias, as studies with significant findings are
more likely to be published.
b. Language Restriction: The exclusion of non-English studies may limit the diversity of perspectives and
insights.
c. Scope of Included Studies: The focus on peer-reviewed and high-quality studies may exclude relevant
grey literature or industry reports.
RESULTS
The results of this systematic review provide a comprehensive overview of how information technology (IT) and
organizational capabilities contribute to enhancing library agility. The analysis is based on a thorough
examination of recent literature, including empirical studies, case studies, and theoretical papers. This section
synthesizes the key findings related to IT capabilities, organizational dynamics, and their combined impact on
library agility.
IT Capabilities Enhancing Library Agility
Cloud-Based Systems
Cloud-based systems have emerged as a transformative technology in enhancing library agility. They offer
scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, which are crucial for managing extensive digital resources and
services. The integration of cloud technologies allows libraries to streamline operations and improve accessibility.
a. Scalability and Flexibility: Cloud-based systems provide libraries with the ability to scale resources
according to demand. This is particularly useful for academic libraries that experience fluctuating usage
patterns during peak periods such as exams (Kumar, 2016). For instance, the University of Toronto
Libraries adopted a cloud-based ILMS, resulting in a 30% increase in user satisfaction due to improved
access to resources and services (Smith et al., 2023).
b. Cost Efficiency: Cloud solutions reduce the need for on-premises hardware and maintenance costs. Public
libraries, such as the Seattle Public Library, have reported significant savings in IT infrastructure costs by
migrating to cloud services, which has enabled them to allocate more resources to user services and
community programs (Praveenraj et al., 2025).
Data Analytics
Data analytics tools are pivotal in enhancing library agility by enabling data-driven decision-making and
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personalized user experiences. Libraries utilize data analytics to understand user behavior, optimize resource
allocation, and tailor services.
a. User Behavior Insights: By analyzing usage patterns, libraries can tailor their collections and services to
meet user needs more effectively. For example, the New York Public Library implemented an advanced
analytics platform to track usage trends, which led to targeted acquisitions and improved service delivery
(Dixit et al.,, 2024).
b. Operational Efficiency: Data analytics also enhances operational efficiency by identifying areas for
improvement. The Los Angeles Public Library used analytics to streamline its inventory management,
resulting in a 25% reduction in cataloging time and a 20% increase in resource availability (Shaw and De
Sarkar, 2021).
Digital Infrastructure
Robust digital infrastructure, including digital repositories, virtual reference services, and mobile applications, is
essential for expanding access and improving user engagement.
a. Digital Repositories: Digital repositories facilitate the preservation and access of digital collections.
Academic libraries like MIT Libraries have leveraged digital repositories to manage extensive research
outputs, enhancing both accessibility and preservation (Ming and Mansor, 2024).
b. Mobile Applications: Mobile applications improve user engagement by providing access to library
services on-the-go. The Toronto Public Library's mobile app has been instrumental in increasing user
engagement, with a reported 40% increase in mobile interactions since its launch (Odewole and Opele,
2024).
Organizational Dynamics Influencing Library Agility
Leadership
Effective leadership is critical for driving technological innovation and managing organizational change. Leaders
play a crucial role in setting strategic directions and fostering an environment conducive to technological
adoption.
a. Strategic Vision: Leaders with a clear vision for integrating IT into library services are more successful
in achieving agility. The director of the Boston Public Library, for instance, has been instrumental in
implementing a comprehensive digital strategy that aligns with the library's mission and goals (Maropa
et al., 2020).
b. Change Management: Successful change management practices, supported by strong leadership, facilitate
smoother transitions to new technologies. The Stanford University Libraries demonstrated effective
change management by involving staff in the decision-making process for new IT systems, which resulted
in a higher acceptance rate and effective technology integration (Joiner., 2019).
Organizational Culture
An innovative and collaborative organizational culture is essential for fostering agility and embracing
technological advancements.
a. Innovation Culture: Libraries with a culture that encourages experimentation and innovation are better
equipped to adapt to new technologies. The Chicago Public Library's culture of innovation has led to the
successful implementation of various digital initiatives, including a virtual reality learning lab (Alabi,
2025).
b. Collaboration: Collaborative practices within libraries enhance the effectiveness of technology
integration. For example, the collaboration between staff and IT teams at the University of California
Libraries has resulted in the development of user-centric digital services that have significantly improved
library agility (Bozkus, 2023).
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Staff Training
Ongoing professional development is crucial for equipping library staff with the skills necessary to manage and
utilize new technologies effectively.
a. Technical Training: Comprehensive technical training programs ensure that staff are proficient in using
new IT tools and systems. The New York University Libraries implemented a training program for its
staff on new digital platforms, resulting in improved operational efficiency and user support
(Syamsulbahri and Bardai, 2025).
b. Change Management Training: Training on change management equips staff to handle transitions
smoothly. The University of Michigan Libraries provided change management workshops that helped
staff adapt to new IT systems, leading to a more agile and responsive organization (Pugh, 2016).
Emerging Trends and Best Practices
Integration of Emerging Technologies
The integration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, is becoming
increasingly prevalent in libraries. These technologies enhance resource discovery, user support, and operational
efficiency.
a. Artificial Intelligence: AI-driven tools are being used for automated cataloging, personalized
recommendations, and chatbots for user support. The University of Edinburgh Libraries integrated an AI-
powered recommendation system, which improved user satisfaction by providing tailored resource
suggestions (Kumar, 2016).
b. Machine Learning: Machine learning algorithms are employed to analyze user data and predict future
trends. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Libraries utilized machine learning to optimize
resource allocation and enhance service delivery (Lee, 2024).
Focus on User Experience
Improving user experience remains a top priority for libraries. Strategies include enhancing digital interfaces,
streamlining access processes, and providing personalized services.
a. User-Centric Design: Libraries are adopting user-centric design principles to create more intuitive and
accessible digital platforms. The Melbourne Public Library redesigned its website based on user feedback,
resulting in a 35% increase in online engagement.
b. Personalization: Personalized services, such as tailored content recommendations and customized alerts,
enhance user satisfaction. The San Francisco Public Library implemented a personalized alert system for
new acquisitions, leading to increased user engagement and library usage (Caffrey et al., 2024).
Collaboration with External Partners
Libraries are increasingly collaborating with external partners, such as technology providers, academic
institutions, and community organizations, to enhance their capabilities and extend their reach.
a. Partnerships with Technology Providers: Collaborations with technology companies facilitate access to
cutting-edge tools and support. The partnership between the London Library and a leading IT firm resulted
in the development of an advanced digital archive system.
b. Community Engagement: Engaging with community organizations enhances the relevance and impact of
library services. The Seattle Public Library's partnership with local schools to provide digital literacy
programs has been highly successful in improving community outreach and engagement (Jones and
Meky, 2025).
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Challenges and Limitations
While the integration of IT and organizational capabilities offers significant benefits, libraries face several
challenges in achieving agility.
a. Budget Constraints: Financial limitations often restrict libraries' ability to invest in new technologies and
training. Many public libraries struggle with limited budgets, impacting their capacity to adopt and
implement advanced IT solutions.
b. Resistance to Change: Resistance to change among staff and stakeholders can hinder the successful
integration of new technologies. Overcoming resistance requires effective change management strategies
and ongoing support.
c. Data Security and Privacy: The increased use of digital technologies raises concerns about data security
and privacy. Libraries must ensure robust security measures to protect user information and maintain trust
(Okwoli and Osimetha, 2025).
DISCUSSION
The discussion section delves into the implications of the findings from the systematic review, exploring how the
integration of information technology (IT) and organizational capabilities contributes to library agility. This
analysis highlights the practical applications of these findings, discusses emerging trends, and identifies
challenges and future directions for libraries.
Implications of IT Capabilities for Library Agility
Cloud-Based Systems and Scalability
The adoption of cloud-based systems represents a significant advancement in enhancing library agility. Cloud
technology provides libraries with the scalability necessary to handle fluctuating demands efficiently. As
identified in the review, libraries that implemented cloud solutions reported notable improvements in user
satisfaction and operational efficiency.
Enhanced Accessibility: Cloud systems facilitate remote access to library resources, which is crucial for both
academic and public libraries. For instance, the University of Toronto Libraries' successful integration of a cloud-
based Integrated Library Management System (ILMS) illustrates how cloud solutions can improve accessibility
and resource management. This capability is particularly beneficial for academic libraries with large and diverse
user bases, enabling them to provide uninterrupted access to resources during peak periods (Qolomany, 2019).
Cost Efficiency: The cost savings associated with cloud-based systems are significant. Public libraries, often
operating under tight budget constraints, benefit from reduced infrastructure and maintenance costs. The Seattle
Public Library's migration to cloud services resulted in substantial financial savings, allowing for reallocation of
resources to enhance user services. This financial flexibility enables libraries to invest in additional services and
community programs, further supporting their mission of accessibility and engagement (Thompson et al., 2023).
Data Analytics and Decision-Making
Data analytics plays a critical role in enhancing library agility by enabling data-driven decision-making and
personalized user experiences.
User Behavior Insights: The use of data analytics allows libraries to tailor their services to meet the evolving
needs of their users. For example, the New York Public Library's adoption of an advanced analytics platform led
to targeted acquisitions based on user behavior patterns, significantly improving service delivery (Meesad and
Mingkhwan, 2024). This data-driven approach helps libraries anticipate user needs and optimize resource
allocation, leading to a more responsive and agile library environment.
Operational Efficiency: Data analytics also contributes to operational efficiency by streamlining processes and
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identifying areas for improvement. The Los Angeles Public Library's use of analytics to enhance inventory
management resulted in a notable reduction in cataloging time and increased resource availability (Ikwuanusi et
al., 2024). This efficiency not only improves internal operations but also enhances the overall user experience by
ensuring timely access to resources.
Digital Infrastructure and User Engagement
Robust digital infrastructure, including digital repositories and mobile applications, is essential for expanding
access and engaging users.
Digital Repositories: The integration of digital repositories enhances the preservation and accessibility of library
collections. Academic libraries like MIT Libraries have successfully managed extensive research outputs through
digital repositories, improving both accessibility and preservation. This capability is crucial for academic libraries
aiming to support research and scholarship through the management of digital assets (Barclay, 2025).
Mobile Applications: Mobile applications provide users with convenient access to library services and resources.
The Toronto Public Library's mobile app exemplifies how digital tools can increase user engagement, with a
significant rise in mobile interactions since its launch. Mobile applications enhance user convenience and
accessibility, which is particularly important in public libraries where user engagement and outreach are key
objectives (Odewole and Opele, 2024).
Organizational Dynamics and Library Agility
Leadership and Strategic Vision
Effective leadership is fundamental to leveraging IT and organizational capabilities for enhancing library agility.
Leaders play a crucial role in setting strategic directions, fostering an environment conducive to technological
adoption, and managing organizational change.
Strategic Direction: Leaders with a clear vision for integrating IT into library services are more successful in
achieving agility. The director of the Boston Public Library's implementation of a comprehensive digital strategy
highlights the importance of aligning technology initiatives with the library's mission and goals. Strategic
leadership ensures that IT investments are aligned with organizational priorities and that resources are utilized
effectively. Change Management: Effective change management practices are essential for successful technology
integration. The Stanford University Libraries' approach to involving staff in decision-making processes for new
IT systems resulted in higher acceptance and successful implementation (Lee, 2024). This collaborative approach
to change management mitigates resistance and facilitates smoother transitions to new technologies.
Organizational Culture and Innovation
An innovative and collaborative organizational culture is crucial for fostering agility and embracing technological
advancements.
Culture of Innovation: Libraries with a culture that encourages experimentation and innovation are better
equipped to adapt to new technologies. The Chicago Public Library's culture of innovation, which has led to the
successful implementation of various digital initiatives, demonstrates how a supportive culture can drive
technological advancements. Encouraging staff to experiment with new ideas and technologies fosters a dynamic
environment that supports continuous improvement (Evener, 2015).
Collaboration: Collaborative practices within libraries enhance the effectiveness of technology integration. The
University of California Libraries' collaboration between staff and IT teams exemplifies how cross-functional
collaboration can lead to the development of user-centric digital services. Collaboration between different
departments and stakeholders ensures that technological solutions meet the needs of users and are implemented
effectively (Pham and Tanner, 2014).
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Staff Training and Development
Ongoing professional development is essential for equipping library staff with the skills necessary to manage and
utilize new technologies effectively.
Technical Training: Comprehensive technical training programs are vital for ensuring that staff can effectively
use new IT tools and systems. The New York University Libraries' training program on digital platforms resulted
in improved operational efficiency and user support. Training programs should be tailored to address the specific
needs of library staff and include hands-on learning opportunities to enhance practical skills (Ming and Mansor,
2024).
Change Management Training: Training on change management equips staff to handle transitions smoothly. The
University of Michigan Libraries' provision of change management workshops helped staff adapt to new IT
systems, leading to a more agile and responsive organization. Change management training prepares staff to
navigate the challenges associated with adopting new technologies and ensures that they can effectively support
organizational change (Bachtiar et al., 2023).
Emerging Trends and Best Practices
Integration of Emerging Technologies
The integration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, is transforming
libraries and enhancing their agility.
Artificial Intelligence: AI-driven tools are increasingly used for automated cataloging, personalized
recommendations, and user support. The University of Edinburgh Libraries' implementation of an AI-powered
recommendation system illustrates how AI can enhance user satisfaction by providing tailored resource
suggestions. AI technologies offer libraries the ability to deliver more personalized and efficient services,
contributing to a more agile library environment (Khairnar, 2025).
Machine Learning: Machine learning algorithms are employed to analyze user data and predict future trends. The
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Libraries' use of machine learning to optimize resource allocation
demonstrates how these technologies can enhance service delivery and operational efficiency. Machine learning
helps libraries anticipate user needs and allocate resources more effectively, supporting their agility and
responsiveness (Mahmud, 2024).
Focus on User Experience
Improving user experience remains a key focus for libraries, with strategies aimed at enhancing digital interfaces,
streamlining access processes, and providing personalized services.
User-Centric Design: Adopting user-centric design principles results in more intuitive and accessible digital
platforms. The Melbourne Public Library's redesign of its website based on user feedback led to increased online
engagement and improved user satisfaction. User-centric design ensures that digital interfaces meet user needs
and preferences, contributing to a more agile and responsive library environment (Estoque, 2025).
Personalization: Personalized services, such as tailored content recommendations and customized alerts, enhance
user satisfaction and engagement. The San Francisco Public Library's implementation of a personalized alert
system for new acquisitions demonstrates how personalization can increase user interaction and library usage.
Personalized services help libraries connect with users more effectively and enhance their overall experience
(Zhuang, 2021).
Collaboration with External Partners
Libraries are increasingly collaborating with external partners, such as technology providers, academic
institutions, and community organizations, to enhance their capabilities and extend their reach.
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Partnerships with Technology Providers: Collaborations with technology companies facilitate access to advanced
tools and support. The partnership between the London Library and a leading IT firm resulted in the development
of an advanced digital archive system, showcasing the benefits of external collaborations. Partnerships with
technology providers enable libraries to leverage cutting-edge solutions and stay at the forefront of technological
advancements (Isiaka et al., 2024).
Community Engagement: Engaging with community organizations enhances the relevance and impact of library
services. The Seattle Public Library's partnership with local schools to provide digital literacy programs
exemplifies how community collaborations can improve outreach and engagement. Community engagement
initiatives help libraries address local needs and strengthen their role within the community (Wang and Si, 2024).
Challenges and Future Directions
Budget Constraints
Financial limitations remain a significant challenge for libraries in adopting and implementing new technologies.
Budget constraints often restrict libraries' ability to invest in advanced IT solutions and staff training.
Addressing Financial Constraints: Libraries can address budget constraints through strategic planning and
resource optimization. Seeking funding through grants, partnerships, and community support can help mitigate
financial challenges and enable libraries to invest in essential technologies. Exploring cost-effective solutions
and prioritizing high-impact projects can also contribute to overcoming budget limitations (Ryan et al., 2023).
Resistance to Change
Resistance to change among staff and stakeholders can hinder the successful integration of new technologies.
Overcoming resistance requires effective change management strategies and ongoing support.
Mitigating Resistance: Libraries can mitigate resistance by involving staff in the decision-making process and
providing clear communication about the benefits of new technologies. Engaging staff early in the
implementation process and offering support and training can help address concerns and facilitate smoother
transitions (Rahman et al., 2024).
Data Security and Privacy
The increased use of digital technologies raises concerns about data security and privacy. Libraries must ensure
robust security measures to protect user information and maintain trust.
Ensuring Data Security: Libraries should implement comprehensive security protocols to safeguard user data and
comply with privacy regulations. Regular audits, data encryption, and secure access controls are essential for
protecting sensitive information and maintaining user trust (Saha, 2024).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this systematic review emphasize the transformative potential of integrating information
technology (IT) capabilities and organizational capabilities to enhance library agility. The strategic adoption of
cloud-based systems, data analytics, and robust digital infrastructure has been shown to improve operational
efficiency, user engagement, and the adaptability of both academic and public libraries. Organizational factors
such as visionary leadership, a culture of innovation, and continuous staff training play a crucial role in ensuring
the effective implementation of technology. Emerging trends highlight the growing importance of adopting new
technologies such as artificial intelligence, user-centered service design, and external collaborations to expand
reach and enhance user experience. Nevertheless, challenges such as budget constraints, resistance to change,
and data security must be addressed through strategic planning, effective change management, and the
implementation of strong security protocols to ensure that libraries remain agile and sustainable in the digital era.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue X October 2025
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to improve
this paper. We would also like to thank the head of the library, librarians and library staff who have participated
in this research. Lastly, we would like to thank all the staff and lecturers at the State University of Malang and
Universiti Teknologi MARA and my supervisor from the information management doctoral program at Universiti
Teknologi MARA who directed me in completing this research.
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