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Challenges and Coping Mechanisms of Pre-Service Teachers in One
Private School in Quezon Province
Junelyn P. Rubio., May-Ann R. Peñamora., Recel V. Siprioto., Kian B. Zuñiga., John Eijay G. Pasague.,
Mariela E. Flora, Diether A. Dela Torre (Research Adviser)
Northern Quezon College Incorporated (Quezon Province)
DOI:
https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100187
Received: 21 November 2025; Accepted: 28 November 2025; Published: 04 December 2025
ABSTRACT
Pre service teacher play a dual role in teaching practice, both teacher and student. In the process of teaching
practice, their experiences as novice teacher is often different from in-service teacher. This study aimed to
determine the challenges faced by pre service teacher during their internship, as well as the coping mechanism
they used to navigate the challenges.
Employing the phenomenological design to focus on the essence of the pre service teacher experiences during
their internship. Through purposive sampling, 15 participants that being a pre service teachers enrolled in the
Bachelor of Secondary Education in one Private College in Quezon Province were chosen. The result reveal that
pre service teachers came across with a number of challenges, especially the lesson planning, managing
classroom dynamics, and reconciling academic obligations with the practical demands of their internship.
On the contrary, to cope to those issues asking for help from teacher, friends, and family member, positive
thinking, efficient time management and using internet like YouTube and google helped these future teachers to
defeat the challenges. The findings of this study may then serve as guide evidence-based policies and initiatives
aimed at helping to produce outstanding teacher
Keywords: teaching internship, challenges, Coping mechanisms
INTRODUCTION
Teaching internship is very well known as a practice to enhance Pre-service teacher skills and expertise. Practice
teaching serves as a culminating experience and a means of authentic experiential learning to better prepare
aspiring teachers for real teaching. The research focuses on the challenges and coping mechanisms of pre-service
teachers during their teaching internships. This implies examining the challenges student-teachers encounter
during their practical teaching experiences and coping mechanism they employ to overcome these challenges.
Universal journal of educational research (2021) Pre-service teacher education is a key factor in quality
education. In the Philippines, the pre-service preparation of teachers for the primary and secondary education
sectors is a very important functions and responsibility that has been assigned to Highest Education Institutions
(HEIs). All efforts to improve the quality of education are dependent on the service of teachers who are properly
prepared to undertake the various important roles and functions of teachers. As such, it is of utmost important
that the highest standards are set in defining the objectives components and processes of the pre-service teacher
education curriculum.
Pre-Service teachers play a dual role in teaching practice, both teachers and students. In the process of teaching
practice, their emotional experience as novice teacher is often different from in-service teachers. Pre-Service
teachers experienced various positive and negative emotions in their interactions with advisors, students, pre-
service peers, and other school staff. This research shows that the practice situation or environment evoke
different emotional experienced in pre-service teachers, positive emotions bring happiness and self-satisfactory,
and negative emotions lead to powerlessness, helplessness, and lack of security.
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Internship programs for future teachers in Quezon Province are encountering multifaceted challenges. These
mainly involve not having enough resources, issues with the quality of mentorship, and practical challenges.
Interns often struggle with lesson planning due to limited experience, time management issues because of heavy
workloads, and a lack of essential resources like laptops and reliable internet connectivity, which significantly
affects their lesson preparation. Additionally, pre-service teachers face financial burdens and mobility challenges
because of the distance to cooperating schools. Addressing these interconnected challenges is crucial for
enhancing the internship experience and ensuring that future teachers in Quezon Province are well-prepared and
adequately supported to meet the demands of the teaching profession.
This study aimed to determine the challenges faced by pre-service teachers during their internships, as well as
the coping mechanisms they used to navigate these challenges. This is to gain a deeper understanding of the
ways in which they developed the skills and competencies necessary for teaching, and identify strategies for
supporting their growth and development. Additionally, the findings of the study informed seminar and training
program to support pre-service teachers’ professional growth and development during internships.
Statement of the Problem
This statement of the problem explored and discussed the common challenges encountered by pre-service
teachers and coping mechanisms employ to navigate these challenges in the real classroom setting as they
navigated their professional experiences, enhanced their understanding, and indicated the potential solution to
support their growth and success.
1. How do the challenges of Pre-service Teachers in teaching Internship can be described?
2. How do the coping mechanisms of Pre-service Teachers in Teaching Internship can be described?
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study
In this study, the researcher’s conceptual framework showed the transition of the pre-service teachers as they
navigated challenges, developed coping mechanisms, and return to their role with enhanced skills and
confidence. This conceptual framework illustrates the transformative journey of pre-service teachers as they
transition to real-world classroom practice. It captures the dynamic interplay between the challenges they
encountered, the coping mechanisms they developed, and the professional growth from their experiences. This
framework recognized that pre-service teachers faced a range of instructional, emotional, and contextual
challenges during their practicum. These challenges served as scaffolding for growth, prompting the
development of adaptive coping strategies such as reflective practice, peer collaboration, mentorship, and the
integration of educational technologies.
Through the application of these coping mechanisms, pre-service teachers refined their instructional approaches,
build resilience, and enhanced their confidence. This process not only strengthens their teaching competencies
but also contributes to improved student learning outcomes and classroom engagement. This underscores the
importance of recognizing the challenges of pre-service teachers faced and equipped them with practical coping
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mechanisms. By addressing the challenges they faced and fostered effective coping mechanisms, teacher
education programs can better prepare future educators for the complexities of the classroom, ultimately
promoting professional readiness and long-term success.
Scope and Limitations
Exploration of the scope involved the various aspects of the Challenges and Coping Mechanisms of Pre-service
Teachers in Teaching Internships. The study did not cover the other private or public schools within the area or
other places. The study was carried out within a specified time frame. The time frame identified for the study
was specifically during the academic year 2024-2025. This limited the depth of analysis. The limitation of this
study included a small sample size specifically ten (15) pre-service teachers from one private college in Quezon
Province. The selection of the participants for this study was carried out following specific criteria. The
participants involved pre-service teachers that have an experience and the willingness to share their insights.
Many potential participants were considered. Their demanding schedules and the duties of teachings such as
lesson planning and classroom management often left them unable to engage. On the other hand, the selected
participants met the criteria. They also demonstrated the availability and motivation to contribute meaningfully
to the research. This highlighted their interest in reflecting on their challenges and professional growth despite
the constraints faced by their peers.
The results may not have been generalized to the experienced of other pre-service teachers in different
educational settings. The findings were reliant on self-report data, which might have introduced biases such as
social desirability bias and recall bias, thus impacted the truthfulness of the participants' reports on their
challenges and the ways to overcome them. In addition, the study has captured the challenges of the pre-service
teachers during a short period of time, which is most likely to be their first year of teaching in real classroom
setting, but without observing how the teachers' challenges and the ways to overcome them have changed with
time. Moreover, the study could have been limited to a very small number of the observant issues, therefore
missing other relevant issues that might have affected the teachers' behavior too, for example, professional
development or relationships with the students.
The last possibility was the researcher's potential biases and the qualitative nature of the study may have limited
the generalizability of the findings to other institution, or to a broader population of pre-service teachers. This
research employed a phenomenological approach, utilized interviews as the primary method of data collection.
It was important to note that this approach may have introduced subjectivity and may have been influenced by
personal biases.
Definitions of Terms
Terms here are conceptually and operationally defined for better understanding of the readers.
Challenges - In this study, challenges are defined as the challenges pre-service teachers encounter during their
internship, such as lesson planning and classroom management. The challenges that necessitate individuals to
utilize personal and social resources to surmount them. (Giddings 2023) proposed that challenges in life balance
pertain to regulating meaningful activity levels according to individual needs, with an imbalance indicating
difficulty in attaining desired activities and satisfaction.
Coping mechanisms - Mechanism refers to a method or process, and coping means dealing with challenges.
Coping mechanisms refer to the specific strategies pre-service teachers use to manage stress and overcome
challenges during their teaching internship. Psychological strategy or adaptation that a person relies on to manage
stress. (Algorani & Gupta, 2021) Defined coping mechanism as a cognitive and behavioral approaches that we
use to manage internal and external stressors.
Internship - Internship refers to the structured teaching experience in a private school in Quezon Province where
pre-service teachers apply their knowledge and skills. A professional learning experience that provides students
with relevant, hands-on work in their field of study. An internship allows students to explore and build their
careers while also learning new skills. It offers the opportunity to bring new ideas and develop talent and
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potentially build a pipeline for future full-time employees.
Pre-service Teachers - It refers to the students who are preparing to become teachers through a teacher
education program (Division Memorandum No.160, s.2022). It is a student teacher from Northern Quezon
College, Inc. participating in the teaching internship program.
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The phenomenology design was the one which the researchers used. A phenomenological study is one of the
types of qualitative research methodology which is focusing on the essence of a certain phenomenon. The aim
is to investigate and understand the lived experiences of people from their points of view. This method seeks to
uncover the essence of human experiences, perceptions, and meanings that are related to a particular situation or
event. "Finlay (2020)" Researchers who are doing phenomenological studies are using in-depth interviews,
observations, and other types of data collection to understand how participants were making sense of their
experiences.
The study investigates various challenges and coping strategies for pre-service teachers in the course of their
professional development. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze various challenges that pre-service
teachers face, such as adapting to the educational setting, developing teaching skills, working with diverse
student populations, and balancing personal and professional responsibilities. Using interviews and observation
data, the phenomenological approach helps researchers understand the ways in which pre-service teachers cope
with these challenges. The phenomenological approach facilitates a thorough understanding of the experiences
of pre-service teachers, and the crucial insights gained through this research can be helpful in developing
appropriate teaching practices and support systems for pre-service teachers. The phenomenological approach
does not presuppose any prior theories or interpretations, which ensures that the findings are based on the lived
experiences of the pre-service teachers.
Research design in focus on phenomena is structured to give a complete perspective on the challenges and coping
mechanism of pre-service teachers. The overall comprehension is essential for the improvement of teacher
education programs and helping out the upcoming teachers. A phenomenological approach was used to identify
the challenges and coping challenges of the pre-service students in the private college. The challenges were
adapting to learning, learning pedagogical skills, managing diverse students, being informed of current events
and balancing between their assignment and personal life.
Research Locale
The study took place at one private college in Quezon Province, Philippines, which provided a college education
consisting of four (5) programs: Bachelor of Secondary Education, Bachelor of Elementary Education, Bachelor
of Science in Criminology, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and Senior High School Department.
The Bachelor of Secondary Education program's core disciplines included social studies, English, Math, and
Filipino.
The researchers of this study selected pre-service instructors from all programs based on their academic records.
The pre-service teachers were identified as the participants, and they collected the challenges and coping
mechanisms they encountered. This led the investigator to select one private institution as the study's site, where
the target pre-service instructors were chosen.
Internship programs for future teachers in Quezon Province are facing several interconnected challenges. These
mainly involve not having enough resources, issues with the quality of mentorship, and practical challenges. The
study pointed out that interns struggle with lesson planning because they lack experience, have trouble managing
their time due to a large workload, and don't have enough resources like laptops or a good internet connection,
which directly affects how well they can prepare their lessons. Pre-service teachers face additional financial
burden and mobility issues due to the distance to cooperating schools. Tackling these issues is crucial for
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making internships better. It's about making sure future teachers in Quezon Province are ready and have the
support they need to handle the real challenges of being a teacher.
Research Participants
Participants were chosen using purposive sampling, a method where individuals are selected based on their
specific traits or experiences that are relevant to the research questions. This approach is effective for gaining
detailed insights from people with first-hand knowledge of the topic being studied. In this research, purposive
sampling helped to find pre-service teachers who could offer important perspectives on the challenges and
strategies they use during their teaching internships at a specific private college in Quezon Province.
The participants were selected using purposive sampling, it is a type of non-probability sampling technique in
which units are chosen because they have traits that the sample requires. The following criteria were used to
choose participants: (a) being a pre-service teacher enrolled in the Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED)
major in Filipino, English, Math, and Social Studies; (b) a pre-service teacher enrolled in the Bachelor of
Elementary Education; and (c) willing to participate in the study. In total, the research includes 15 participants
who met these criteria.
Research Instrument
This part discussed the data-gathering tool used by the researcher to gather data from the participants who
purposely used for this study. The researcher used semi-structured as an interview guide for the data gathering
process to get qualitative data to determine the challenges and coping mechanisms of pre-service teachers in
teaching internships. The researcher used the semi-structured interview as its default data-gathering tool.
According to DeJonckheere and Vaughn (2019), semi-structured in-depth interview commonly used in
qualitative research and the most frequent qualitative data source in health services research. This method
typically involved a dialogue between the researcher and participant, guided by a flexible interview protocol and
supplemented by follow-up questions, probes, and comments.
The method allowed the researcher to collect open-ended data, get valid information from the participant's
perspective through one-on-one interviews, explore participant thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about a particular
topic, and delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues.
The interview process used a flexible set of questions to understand the experiences of the pre-service teachers
during their internships. It started with a broad question about their journey as student teachers, then moved to
specific questions about the challenges they faced, like planning lessons, managing time, and getting resources.
They were asked to share specific times when they felt stressed or exhausted and what the biggest challenges
were. The interview also looked at how they dealt with these challenges, including what strategies, support, and
resources they used. More questions were asked to get them to explain their answers in detail. The final questions
asked what they learned from their experiences that would help them teach better in the future and what advice
they had for new student teachers.
Data Gathering Procedures
Before starting data collecting, the researchers first seek ethical concerns and appropriate authorization from the
Bachelor of Secondary Education head supervisor. Approved, data was gathered using a semi-structured
interview guided by a research objective created. The researcher contacted participants chosen by deliberate
sampling the method of choosing subjects for a more in-depth investigation depending on particular study-related
criteria that agreed to take part. The interviews were conducted in person, over the phone, or via video
conference, depending on the participants’ availability and preference, and were planned to last 30-60 minutes.
The interviews were recorded with the participants’ permission.
Following each semi-structured interview, recorded data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed qualitatively to
identify patterns, themes and insights relevant to the research objectives. The validity of data was achieved via
member-checking and maintaining an audit trail of the research process. The results were reported in detail,
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which included direct quotes, summaries and interpretations as well as the discussion of how the results related
to the research objectives.
The collected data was the underpinning of the possible implications of the study. Informed consent,
confidentiality, anonymity and the right to withdraw served as the ethical considerations, at the same time, they
were observed.
Data Analysis
Pre-service teachers' qualitative data gathered during semi-structured interviews was evaluated using thematic
analysis. Verbatim transcribing of the interviews was followed by an inductive coding system. The first codes
were created by carefully reading the content and spotting trends and subjects that kept coming back. Frequent
comparison and iterative coding helped these codes be grouped into more general themes. Themes were refined
and assigned based on their applicability to the goals of the research and data comprehensiveness. The results
provided insightful analysis of the experiences and coping strategies used by pre-service teachers overcoming
the challenges they encountered.
Thematic analysis was the best way to analyze the data because it allowed a flexible and detailed look into the
real experiences of the student teachers. Since the study wanted to understand the challenges and coping
strategies within an actual classroom, thematic analysis gave a systematic way to find repeating patterns and
themes straight from the interview notes. Also, this method fit with the phenomenological research design, which
focuses on understanding the core of an experience through the eyes of the participants. This let the researchers
uncover the deeper meanings and experiences related to the teaching internship. Using thematic analysis
ultimately gave a detailed and nuanced understanding of the student teachers' journeys, which helps in creating
better strategies to improve teacher education programs, as shown in the study's importance.
Specialist Informant
This study was validated by an expert, a qualitative research professional. To maintain anonymity, the informant
will be referred to as Expert Informant. The Expert Informant, a Principal I at Magsikap Integrated School, holds
a Masteral degree in Education Management from Northern Quezon College Incorporated (NQCI) and a
Masteral degree in Social Studies from Laguna State Polytechnic University. She has also pursued doctoral
studies in Educational Leadership and Management, completing 18 units. Her role as an informant is crucial due
to her extensive experience and qualifications in education, providing valuable insights into the challenges and
coping mechanisms of pre-service teachers. Her expertise helps to ensure the validity and reliability of the study's
findings.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Pre-service teachers have diverse experienced throughout their teaching internships, including a range of
challenges and coping mechanism. Common challenges include creating and managing lesson plans, struggling
with time management, and feeling stressed due to heavy workloads. Along with these challenges, many pre-
service teachers also struggle to manage a variety of student behaviors, filled up their own knowledge gaps, and
adjust to new teaching contexts.
Pre-service teachers use a variety of coping mechanisms to address these issues. One of the main coping
mechanisms is to ask for help from friends, family, and cooperating teachers. They emphasize the significance
of prioritizing tasks, managing time effectively, and keeping a positive outlook. Pre-service teachers also make
use of readily available resources for lesson planning and instructional support, including laptops, internet
access, and online learning environments.
The findings also highlight the significance of personal qualities such as patience, resilience, and a willingness
to learn from mistakes. Pre-service teachers find that reflecting on their experiences and accepting feedback from
mentors and peers contribute significantly to their professional growth. Support systems, including cooperating
teachers, fellow interns, and friends, play a crucial role in helping them navigate the stresses and demands of
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their internships. Institutions can better support pre-service teachers by fostering collaborative environments and
ensuring access to necessary resources and guidance.
CONCLUSION
The study on the challenges and coping mechanisms of pre-service teachers during their teaching internship at
One Private School has brought to light a diverse terrain, which is characterized with not only the large obstacles
but also the adaptive strategies that the educators applied in their first encounter with the teaching profession.
The preservice teachers came across with a number of challenges, especially the lesson planning, managing
classroom dynamics, and reconciling academic obligations with the practical demands of their internship. These
challenges were often accompanied by tension, exhaustion, and self-doubt as they were juggling their duties
both as students and as educators.
To cope with those issues, the pre-service teachers turned to different ways of coping to help them out in the
maze of their internship. Asking for help from teachers, friends, and family members was a very important move
since it made the resources for them to draw on in terms of emotional and practical support. Positive thinking,
efficient time management, and using the internet like YouTube and Google were all very important factors that
helped these future teachers to defeat the challenges and also to improve their teaching abilities. The situations
these teachers went through emphasize even more the need for thorough preparation for pre-service teachers
alongside the necessary support. The practical part of teacher education, lesson planning, classroom
management, and giving stress relief to the students, should be the top priority of the curriculum.
The building of resilience and nurturing professional development also require designing the atmosphere, which
makes it possible for pre-service teachers to share their experiences and seek advice from each other. To sum
up, dealing with the challenges of pre-service teachers by employing proactive and empathetic means of support
does not only facilitate personal and professional development but also raises the level of education of future
generations. Educational institutions by putting forward the challenges of going from student to teacher position
and providing targeted resources will be able to support the emergence of an enthusiastic, competent, and strong
teaching workforce ready to have a positive impact on the lives of their students.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations aim to foster a more resilient, well-prepared, and supported teaching workforce,
ultimately benefiting the quality of education.
Pre-Service Teachers
It is highly recommended to actively participate in mentorship programs and well-organized professional
development activities. By doing so, they can greatly improve their teaching abilities and gain self-assurance.
Creating connections with fellow teachers and getting emotional and social support from the school community
can assist new teachers in handling their responsibilities and alleviating stress. A strong passion for teaching and
an internal drive will support their personal development and have a beneficial influence on their students.
Teacher Educators
Teacher educators face challenges like adapting to new educational technologies, curriculum changes, and
managing diverse student needs, leading to stress and burnout. Coping mechanisms include seeking peer support,
prioritizing well-being, practicing mindfulness, and engaging in self-directed learning. Recommendations
include institutions providing more professional development, administrators offering greater support, and
implementing workload management systems.
School Administration
Educational institutions are advised to implement key coping mechanisms to enhance the experience and
professional growth of pre-service teachers by offering organized professional development programs designed
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to address challenges faced by new educators, including workshops and seminars focused on teaching
methods, classroom management, and technology tools. Research on pre-service teachers' challenges and
coping mechanisms during their teaching internship in One Private College revealed obstacles in lesson
planning, classroom management, and balancing responsibilities, leading to tension and self-doubt. To
navigate these issues, pre-service teachers used coping strategies such as seeking assistance from cooperating
teachers, friends, and family, along with time management, positive thinking, and online resources. This
experience highlights the need for comprehensive preparation and support systems within teacher education
programs, emphasizing practical instruction and stress management. Fostering resilience and professional
development through collaborative support can enhance pre-service teachers' growth, benefiting the overall
quality of education, and targeted resources can help develop a confident teaching workforce.
Educational Policymakers
They should utilize the findings of this research to guide evidence-based policies and initiatives aimed at helping
to produce outstanding teachers, thereby improving the standard of education. This includes creating supportive
learning environments that advance the professional growth and welfare of pre-service teachers, strengthening
teacher retention, and improving student outcomes. It is essential to offer organized professional development
programs specifically designed for the challenges faced by new educators, including workshops and seminars
that cover efficient teaching methods, classroom management techniques, and opportunities for continued
learning. Workshops that focus on using technology tools such as Google Docs and Classroom can also empower
pre-service teachers to enhance their lesson planning and presentation skills, ultimately fostering more engaging
learning environments for their students.
Future Researchers
The challenges and coping mechanism that pre-service teachers deal with during their internships at private
colleges are clarified by this study. Despite this, there remain areas for further investigation that upcoming
researchers may consider. One such gap is the narrow focus of the research conducted at a private college in
Quezon Province. It is suggested that research be carried out in a wider context, incorporating various types of
institutions (both public and private) as well as diverse regions to enhance the generalizability of the results.
Furthermore, it is essential to investigate how social demographic factors such as socioeconomic status and
cultural background influence the experiences of pre-service teachers. Furthermore, employing a mixed-methods
strategy that integrates qualitative data (such as interviews) and quantitative data (like surveys) can significantly
enhance our comprehension of the issues. Additionally, examining intervention programs that assist pre-service
teachers in managing the challenges of internships and their potential impact on performance and well-being is
crucial.
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