INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)  
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue XI November 2025  
Smart Water Dispenser: A Safety System for Preventing Motor Dry-  
Run in Water Dispensing Applications  
1Meshelle N. Fabro., 2Bernard C. Fabro., 3Alison D. Caoile., 4Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula  
1,3Master of Science in Computer Engineering, Graduate School Bulacan State University, Malolos,  
Bulacan, 3000 Philippines  
2Master of Engineering, Major in Computer Engineering, Graduate School Bulacan State University,  
Malolos, Bulacan, 3000 Philippines  
4Professor, Graduate School, University Registrar, Graduate School Bulacan State University, Malolos,  
Bulacan, 3000 Philippines  
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100298  
Received: 28 November 2025; Accepted: 03 December 2025; Published: 08 December 2025  
ABSTRACT  
This study presents the development and simulation of a Smart Water Dispenser using Tinkercad block-code  
programming to implement sensor-based safety control that prevents motor dry-run during water dispensing.  
The system integrates an ultrasonic sensor with threshold-based decision logic to measure water level in real  
time and automatically activate a lockout mechanism when the level falls below the 25 cm safety threshold. This  
ensures that the motor remains disabled to prevent overheating and mechanical damage.  
A developmental research design was employed, and the complete system was modeled and tested in the  
Tinkercad simulation environment. A total of 10 structured test cases were conducted, evaluating sensor  
accuracy, lockout activation, LED indicators, and motor response. Results showed 100% accuracy in detecting  
unsafe water levels and instantaneous lockout activation (<0.1 seconds). The system consistently allowed motor  
operation only under safe conditions and recovered immediately once the water level returned to an acceptable  
range.  
The study’s key contribution is demonstrating a block-based, simulation-driven approach for implementing  
embedded safety logic, offering an accessible and low-cost method for developing educational and prototype-  
ready dispensing systems. Future enhancements include adding an LCD display, buzzer alerts, flow sensing, IoT  
monitoring, and automated refill mechanisms.  
Keywords: Smart Water Dispenser, Ultrasonic Sensor, Water-Level Monitoring, Dry-Run Protection,  
Tinkercad Block Code, Arduino Simulation, Automation  
INTRODUCTION  
Water dispensers and pump-based systems are highly prone to mechanical damage when operated under low-  
water conditions, a situation commonly referred to as motor dry-run. This occurs when a pump continues running  
despite inadequate water supply, leading to overheating, internal wear, and eventual failure. In the Philippines,  
dry-run cases are frequently reported in households, water refilling stations, and small businesses where  
water pumps operate without real-time monitoring. Such failures often result in increased maintenance expenses,  
downtime, and safety risks.  
Traditional dispensing systems rely heavily on user awareness to determine whether adequate water is present.  
Without automated sensing, users oftenunknowinglyoperate pumps under unsafe conditions. These limitations—  
lack of real-time lockout indicators, absence of automated protection, and reliance on manual observation—  
contribute to avoidable mechanical failures and energy wastage.  
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)  
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue XI November 2025  
Existing studies on water-level monitoring commonly utilize microcontrollers and ultrasonic sensors; however,  
many lack real-time lockout mechanisms, simulation-based prototyping environments, and block-coded  
educational models that make system development more accessible to beginners. This reveals a gap in providing  
an instructional yet functional platform for designing and testing dry-run protection systems.  
In response, this study developed a Smart Water Dispenser simulated using Tinkercad block-code programming.  
The system integrates an ultrasonic sensor, indicator LEDs, a push-button interface, and an Arduino-based  
control algorithm that automatically disables the motor when the water level falls below 25 cm. By utilizing a  
visual, low-cost, and hardware-free simulation environment, this project enhances safety, supports educational  
learning, and offers an accessible approach to designing reliable dispensing systems.  
REVIEW OF RELEVANT THEORY, STUDIES, AND LITERATURE  
Theoretical Framework  
The theoretical framework establishes the scientific and engineering principles guiding the design, operation,  
and evaluation of the Smart Water Dispenser. The system integrates ultrasonic sensing, microcontroller  
processing, and automated control mechanisms to ensure safe and efficient water dispensing.  
Figure 1. System Theory  
Systems Theory (Von Bertalanffy, 1968) states that complex systems function through the interaction of  
interconnected components working toward a unified purpose. In the Smart Water Dispenser, the ultrasonic  
sensor, push button, Arduino controller, LEDs, relay/motor driver, and motor all function as subsystems. Each  
component performs a specialized role, but proper dispensing behavior occurs only when all subsystems operate  
cohesively. This theory supports the system architecture consisting of inputs (sensor and button), processes  
(Arduino logic), and outputs (LED indicators and motor action).  
Figure 2. Input–Process–Output (IPO) Model  
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)  
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue XI November 2025  
The Input–Process–Output (IPO) Model describes the functional flow of the Smart Water Dispenser system. For  
the input stage, the ultrasonic sensor measures the real-time water level while the push button detects user  
dispensing requests. During the process stage, the Arduino evaluates the water-level readings, checks lockout  
conditions through decision-making logic, determines whether dispensing is safe, and then activates or disables  
the LEDs and motor driver accordingly. For the output stage, the motor turns ON, or OFF depending on safety  
conditions, the green LED lights up to indicate safe dispensing, and the red LED signals a low-water lockout.  
Through this model, the system ensures predictable, consistent, and safe responses under varying water-level  
conditions.  
Figure 3. Embedded Systems Theory  
Embedded Systems Theory explains that microcontroller-based devices are designed to perform dedicated, real-  
time tasks (Heath, 2002). In the Smart Water Dispenser, the Arduino functions as an embedded system that  
continuously reads sensor data, evaluates the water level, executes programmed logic conditions, and controls  
the actuators with precise timing. Through this theory, the system achieves real-time automation and delivers  
immediate safety responses, ensuring efficient and reliable operation.  
Figure 4. Control Systems Theory  
Control Systems Theory (Nise, 2011) explains how systems regulate their outputs in response to changing inputs.  
In the Smart Water Dispenser, this principle is applied through a closed-loop control system where the ultrasonic  
sensor continuously measures the water level, the Arduino processes these measurements, and the motor and  
LEDs adjust according to predefined system rules. When the water level drops below 25 cm, the system  
automatically shifts into lockout mode to prevent motor dry-run, and once the water level is restored, normal  
operation resumes. This theoretical foundation supports the dispenser’s reliability and safety regulation  
mechanisms.  
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)  
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue XI November 2025  
Figure 5. Human–Computer Interaction (HCI)  
Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) Theory (Dix et al., 2004) focuses on how users interact with systems and  
emphasizes usability, clarity, and intuitive design. In the Smart Water Dispenser, this theory is reflected through  
its simple and user-friendly interface, which includes a push button for user-initiated water dispensing, a green  
LED to indicate safe operation, and a red LED to signal lockout mode or low water level. These interface  
elements minimize user error, enhance understanding of system status, and improve the overall usability of the  
device.  
Framework Summary  
The Smart Water Dispenser is founded on Systems Theory and the IPO Model for structural and operational  
behavior, Embedded Systems Theory for real-time automation, Control Systems Theory for safe and regulated  
dispensing, and HCI Theory for clear user feedback and intuitive operation. These theories collectively guide  
the development of a functional, reliable, and safe smart dispensing system.  
RELATED LITERATURE  
Ultrasonic Sensor Water-Level Monitoring Systems  
Research by Jan et al. (2022) demonstrates the effectiveness ofultrasonic sensing technology in achieving precise  
and non-contact water-level measurements. Their findings highlight improved efficiency and safety in automated  
water-tank systems using ultrasonic sensors, supporting this study's use of the HC-SR04 to enable reliable  
measurement within the Smart Water Dispenser.  
Dry-Run Protection in Pump Mechanisms  
Lavudya et al. (2025) emphasize the importance of incorporating dry-run protection to prevent premature pump  
damage and extend operational lifespan. Their study uses threshold-based motor deactivation logic similar to the  
lockout mechanism employed in this project, where the motor is automatically disabled when insufficient water  
is detected.  
Arduino-Based Automation  
Sunmonu et al. (2017) introduced multiple Arduino-controlled water-level systems and underscored the  
accessibility and reliability of using microcontrollers for liquid management applications. Their work validates  
the selection of Arduino Uno as the primary controller for this study and aligns with the block-code programming  
logic used in Tinkercad for simulation and testing.  
Smart Dispensers and User Interaction  
Modern smart water dispensers incorporate user inputs, such as buttons, along with safety indicators like LEDs  
or sound alarms. Studies in IoT-based systems show that combining user interaction and automated sensing  
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enhances usability and safety. This supports the system’s design, which integrates push-button control with LED  
indicators to guide users and signal lockout or dispensing conditions.  
Table 1. Comparison Matrix of Related Studies and Current Research  
Study  
Sensor  
Used  
Platform  
Technology  
/
Key Feature(s)  
Gap Addressed by This Study  
Jan et al. (2022) Ultrasonic  
Arduino-based  
system  
Accurate  
level monitoring  
water- Lacks motor lockout or safety  
shutdown mechanism  
Lavudya et al. Water level Arduino  
(2025) sensor  
Dry-run protection No simulation or educational  
with threshold logic  
prototyping environment  
user-feedback indicators  
Sunmonu et al. Ultrasonic  
(2017)  
Arduino  
Automated  
water- No  
level control  
(LEDs), no lockout safety  
Current Study Ultrasonic  
(Smart Water (HC-SR04)  
Dispenser)  
Tinkercad  
block- code + indicators,  
Arduino  
Motor lockout, LED Adds simulation-based testing,  
user visual  
full educational  
programming,  
framework  
and  
for  
input,  
simulation  
simulation model  
embedded safety systems  
METHODOLOGY  
This study employed a developmental research design to systematically create and evaluate a Smart Water  
Dispenser using Tinkercad block-code programming within the Arduino simulation environment. No external  
respondents were involved; the system was evaluated through internal testing and observation. The dispenser  
was virtually assembled using essential components, including an Arduino Uno as the main microcontroller, an  
HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for water-level detection, a DC motor with a driver for dispensing control, a push-  
button switch for user-initiated operation, and green and red LEDs to provide visual feedback, indicating safe  
motor activation and low-water lockout. respectively. The Tinkercad Circuits environment enabled integration  
of these components, with block-code logic governing their behavior to ensure proper motor control, real-time  
monitoring, and visual signaling according to the system’s functional requirements.  
Testing was conducted using five distinct scenarios representing different water levels and button inputs, with  
each test repeated three times. An error margin of±2 cmwas allowed forthe ultrasonic sensor. The success criteria  
required correct LED indication, proper motor operation according to water levels, and zero system failures  
during simulation. This approach allowed systematic and reliable evaluation of the Smart Water Dispenser’s  
functionality and safety.  
Figure 6. Waterfall Model  
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The development of the Smart Water Dispenser followed the Waterfall Model, consisting of sequential phases:  
Requirement Analysis, System Design, Implementation, and Testing & Validation. During Requirement  
Analysis, the functional and non-functional needs of the dispenser were identified, including automatic water  
flow control, sensor accuracy, safety mechanisms, and user convenience. In the System Design phase, the virtual  
circuit in Tinkercad was arranged, and the block-code logic for automated dispensing was outlined.  
Implementation involved building the virtual circuit and programming the block code to manage motor  
operation, LED signaling, and sensor monitoring. Finally, Testing and Validation were performed by simulating  
various scenarios in Tinkercad to ensure that the sensors accurately detected water levels, the system responded  
correctly to user input, and the dispenser operated safely and reliably.  
The system logic can be summarized in pseudo-code as follows: the Arduino initializes the motor, sensor, and  
LEDs, then continuously monitors the water level. If the water level is above a safe threshold, the green LED is  
turned on, and pressing the button activates the motor to dispense water. If the water level falls below the  
threshold, the red LED is illuminated and the motor is locked to prevent dispensing.  
Figure 7. Flow Chart  
It presents the overall operational flow of the Smart Water Dispenser, showing how the system processes sensor  
readings and user input to ensure safe dispensing. The flow begins with system initialization, where the Arduino  
activates the ultrasonic sensor, LEDs, push button, and motor driver. The dispenser then continuously reads the  
water-level measurement and compares it to the safety threshold of 25 cm. If the water level is safe, the system  
waits for the user to press the push button; once pressed, the motor is activated, and the green LED lights up to  
signal active dispensing. If the button is released, the motor stops immediately. Conversely, if the water level  
falls below 25 cm, the system enters lockout mode, turning ON the red LED, disabling the motor, and ignoring  
all button presses to prevent dry-run conditions. This process runs in a continuous loop, ensuring real-time  
monitoring and quick response to changes in water level.  
Figure 8. System Logic Flow Chart  
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It illustrates the detailed decision-making logic implemented in the system to control the motor and indicator  
LEDs based on real-time water-level readings. After initialization, the Arduino continuously monitors the  
ultrasonic sensor to determine whether the water level is above or below the 25-cm threshold. When the level is  
safe, the system turns OFF the red LED and checks for a button press. If the button is pressed, the green LED  
turns ON, and the motor starts dispensing water; if not pressed, the motor remains OFF. When the water level is  
unsafe, the red LED automatically turns ON, the motor is forced OFF, and any button input is ignored. This  
structured logic ensures that the motor only operates under safe conditions, enforces the lockout mechanism  
during low-water levels, and prevents accidental or unsafe activation, making the system reliable and user-safe.  
Figure 9. Schematic Diagram  
It shows the complete schematic wiring of the Smart Water Dispenser, detailing how each electronic component  
is connected to the Arduino Uno to achieve safe and automated dispensing. The ultrasonic sensor’s trigger and  
echo pins are wired to the Arduino to measure water levels, while the push button is connected as a digital input  
that allows the user to request water dispensing. The green and red LEDs are wired to separate digital output  
pins to indicate safe conditions and lockout states. The motor driver or relay module is connected between the  
Arduino and the DC motor, receiving logic signals from the Arduino while powering the motor through an  
external 9V or 12V supply to prevent voltage drops. This schematic demonstrates how the microcontroller,  
sensors, actuators, and indicators work together as an integrated system that controls water dispensing while  
ensuring motor protection.  
RESULTS & DISCUSSION  
The Smart Water Dispenser was evaluated in the Tinkercad simulation environment under multiple test scenarios  
to examine its performance with varying water levels and user inputs. The system successfully monitored water  
levels in real-time using the ultrasonic sensor and responded appropriately: the motor activated and the green  
LED illuminated when the water level was at or above the safe threshold, while the motor remained locked and  
the red LED turned on when the water level fell below the threshold. To better illustrate system behavior, graphs  
and charts were generated, including a Water Level vs. Motor State chart showing that the motor only activates  
when water exceeds the safe threshold, a Response Time chart demonstrating that sensor-to-motor reaction  
consistently occurs within milliseconds, and a Frequency of Test Conditions chart summarizing the repeated  
simulation of full water, low water, and button-press events, providing an overview of system reliability.  
Annotated screenshots of the block-code program highlighted key components such as sensor readings,  
conditional logic, LED signaling, and motor control, giving readers a transparent view of the step-by-step  
decision-making process. These results indicate that the Smart Water Dispenser can effectively prevent unsafe  
operation by enforcing motor lockout at low water levels, ensuring both safety and operational reliability, while  
the LED indicators improve usability by providing immediate feedback on system status. This demonstrates the  
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value of sensors and block-based logic for simulating automated safety mechanisms, serving as an educational  
tool to illustrate real-world control systems without physical risk. Despite these positive outcomes, several  
limitations should be noted: no physical prototype was built, so real-world factors like electrical noise,  
mechanical wear, or motor load were not tested; Tinkercad sensor values are idealized and may not reflect real  
hardware variability; and time-delay handling or motor response under actual load conditions was not examined,  
meaning real-world performance may differ. Future studies should address these limitations by implementing a  
physical prototype and validating system behavior under real-life conditions.  
Requirements  
The functional requirements of the Smart Water Dispenser focus on its operational capabilities. The system  
continuously monitors the water level inside the container using an ultrasonic sensor to ensure real-time detection  
of any changes. Motor activation is allowed only when the water level is at or above the safe threshold of 25 cm,  
while a lockout mechanism automatically disables the motor when the water level falls below this threshold to  
prevent dry-run damage. Dispensing is initiated by the user through a push-button, but only when the system  
confirms that water is at a safe level. To enhance usability and safety, green and red LEDs provide immediate  
visual feedback, with the green LED signaling safe dispensing and the red LED indicating a low-water lockout.  
All decision-making and control logic are implemented using Tinkercad’s block-based visual programming,  
ensuring structured and sequential system operation.  
The non-functional requirements define the quality and performance aspects of the system. The dispenser is  
designed to provide real-time responsiveness by continuously processing sensor readings and updating the motor  
and LED states immediately. Safety is prioritized, with logic in place to override user input and prevent  
accidental dry-run operation. The LED indicators offer stable and accurate feedback, reflecting the system’s  
current state without flicker or delay. Measurement accuracy is maintained by ensuring consistent ultrasonic  
sensor readings within the simulation range. Additionally, the motor operates reliably, activating or deactivating  
according to programmed threshold conditions, guaranteeing safe and efficient water dispensing.  
Table 2. Variables and Conditions of the Smart Water Dispenser System  
Variable  
/
Type  
Parameter Measured Condition or Range  
System Response / Action  
Component  
(Input  
Output)  
/
/
Controlled  
Ultrasonic  
Sensor  
SR04)  
Input  
Measures water-  
level distance  
5–400 cm; Lockout Sends distance to Arduino;  
threshold: < 25 cm triggers lockout when  
level< 25 cm  
(HC-  
Green LED  
Output  
Indicates safe  
ON  
only  
when: Lights up to show  
dispensing condition  
Water≥ 25 cm and dispensing is active  
Button is pressed  
Red LED  
Output  
Input  
Indicates low- water ON when water < 25 Alerts user and signals  
lockout warning  
cm  
system lockout  
Push Button  
User’s  
todispense  
request Pressed / Not pressed  
Activates motor only if  
water ≥ 25 cm; ignored  
during lockout  
Arduino Uno  
Relay  
Controller  
Output  
Processes logic and Operates at 5V logic; Reads sensors, processes  
controls outputs  
continuous  
evaluation  
loop  
conditions, activates LEDs,  
and drives motor driver  
/
Controls motor  
HIGH/LOW digital  
Switches motor ON/OFF  
L293D Motor  
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Driver  
Driver  
activation  
control from Arduino  
according to logic  
12V  
Motor  
DC Output  
Actuator  
Simulated water  
dispensing (rotation)  
ON when water ≥ 25 Rotates  
cm and button is dispensing; OFF during  
to  
simulate  
pressed  
lockout or no button press  
9V Battery  
Power  
Source  
Supplies power to 9V supply  
motor driver and  
motor  
Ensures motor torque and  
isolates motor power from  
Arduino  
Table 3. Variables and Conditions of the Smart Water Dispenser System  
Test  
#
Input  
Condition  
Observed Output  
Expected Output Pass/  
Fail  
Remarks  
Explanation  
/
Behavior  
1
Button not Green LED OFF, Motor System idle, no  
System waits for user input  
and water ≥ 25 cm. No  
accidental activation.  
pressed  
OFF, Red LED depends on dispensing  
water level  
Pass  
Pass  
2
Button  
pressed  
Green LED ON (if water Dispensing  
level ≥ 25 cm), Motor should  
Button works only  
when  
occur  
water level is ≥ 25 cm;  
button input ignored during  
lockout.  
rotates  
only if water  
level is safe  
3
4
5
6
7
Ultrasonic  
reading = 13 disabled, Motor OFF  
cm (unsafe  
level)  
Red LED ON, Button Lockout mode  
Correct  
dry-run  
must activate  
protection behavior; motor  
fully disabled.  
Pass  
Pass  
Pass  
Pass  
Pass  
Ultrasonic  
Red LED OFF, System System should  
Lockout  
returns to normal operation.  
cleared; system  
reading = 30 ready, Green LED depends allow dispensing  
cm  
(safe on button  
if  
button  
is  
level)  
pressed  
Button  
Motor runs continuously Continuous  
System supports extended  
dispensing as long as water  
level is safe.  
pressed for 5 for 5 sec, Green LED stays dispensing  
seconds  
ON  
allowed  
while  
button is held  
Button  
released  
after  
Motor stops, Green LED Dispensing must  
OFF stop immediately  
No residual motor activity;  
instant stop confirms safe  
behavior.  
5
seconds  
Water level Motor does NOT turn ON System should  
Safety  
enforced  
inconsistent sensor readings.  
threshold reliably  
even with  
fluctuates  
between 24– flicker filtered by loop motor  
26 cm timing  
when reading < 25 cm; brief never  
activate  
when  
reading < 25 cm  
(sensor noise  
simulation)  
8
Rapid button Motor activates only while System  
must  
System debounces naturally  
through loop cycle; no false  
activation.  
tapping  
(multiple  
quick  
pressed AND water ≥ 25 ignore invalid or  
Pass  
cm; no unintended latching  
too-fast  
inputs  
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presses)  
during lockout  
9
Water level Red LED OFF, System Normal  
restored after returns to ready state; motor operation must  
Lockout recovery behavior is  
correct and immediate.  
Pass  
Pass  
lockout (13 allowed if button is pressed resume  
once  
cm → 30  
water ≥ 25 cm  
cm)  
10  
System  
System boots in idle: Green System should  
System  
accidental  
avoids  
motor  
power reset LED OFF, Red LED OFF, default to safe  
startup  
(Arduino  
motor OFF  
idle mode  
after reset. Safe initialization  
confirmed.  
reset) with  
safe water  
level ≥ 25  
cm  
The results confirm that the Smart Water Dispenser programmed through Tinkercad block coding effectively  
prevents dry-run conditions by prioritizing the safety algorithm over user input. The consistent activation of the  
motor only under safe water-level conditions demonstrates clear adherence to the system’s decision logic.  
The immediate response of LEDs and motor control also aligns with Control Systems Theory, where continuous  
monitoring and rapid feedback are essential for maintaining system stability. These outcomes support findings  
in related literature regarding sensor-based pump safety and microcontroller-controlled liquid systems.  
Furthermore, the simplicity and clarity of the Tinkercad block-based program make the design accessible for  
educational use, while still offering functionality suitable for residential or small commercial applications. The  
block-code environment proved effective for simulating automated decision-making, allowing the researchers  
to validate system behavior before real-world hardware implementation.  
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS  
The Smart Water Dispenser was successfully developed, simulated, and validated using the Tinkercad block-  
code programming platform. The system achieved 100% correct motor lockout events during low-water  
conditions and demonstrated a sensor-to-motor response time consistently under 50 milliseconds, ensuring timely  
threshold detection. LED indicators are updated accurately and consistently, providing real-time visual feedback  
on system status. These results confirm that the system met all research objectives by providing reliable water-  
level monitoring, preventing motor dry-run through automatic lockout, enabling safe user-initiated dispensing  
only when water levels were adequate, and clearly signaling system status through LEDs. The findings highlight  
that low-cost, sensor-driven safety systems can effectively reduce mechanical risks and enhance reliability in  
water-dispensing applications. Moreover, the Tinkercad block-code simulation proved to be an effective tool for  
prototyping and verifying embedded system logic, allowing rapid testing and iterative development without  
physical risk.  
To further enhance system functionality and enable real-world implementation, several improvements are  
recommended. Adding an LCD display could provide real-time water-level measurements, while a buzzer alarm  
could alert users to critically low water levels. Incorporating a flow sensor would allow measurement of the  
actual volume of dispensed water, and integrating IoT modules such as ESP8266 or ESP32 could enable remote  
monitoring, notifications, or mobile app control. Future research could explore AI-based predictive analytics to  
estimate water usage patterns and optimize dispensing schedules, or implement an auto-cleaning mechanism for  
maintenance efficiency. Finally, constructing a physical prototype is advised to validate the Tinkercad simulation  
results under real- world hardware conditions, ensuring the system’s robustness, reliability, and practical  
applicability.  
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT  
The researchers humbly extend their profound gratitude to Dr. Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula, DT, their adviser, for  
her exceptional guidance, enduring patience, and unwavering support throughout the development of this study.  
Her expertise, insightful suggestions, and constructive feedback continuously inspired the researchers to strive  
for excellence and significantly enhanced the overall quality of this work. Her mentorship has been instrumental  
not only in the completion of this research but also in the researchers’ academic and professional growth.  
The researchers also express their sincere appreciation to the Bulacan State University – Graduate School,  
particularly the Master of Science in Computer Engineering (MS CPE) Program and the Master of Engineering  
in Computer Engineering for providing a strong academic foundation, relevant technical instruction, and access  
to essential resources that made this study possible. The programs’ commitment to research, innovation, and  
advanced engineering education greatly contributed to the development, refinement, and successful realization  
of this project.  
Heartfelt thanks are likewise extended to the researchers’ families, relatives, classmates, and peers, whose  
constant encouragement, understanding, and unwavering support served as a source of strength and motivation.  
Their sacrifices and belief in the researchers’ abilities played a vital role during the most challenging stages of  
the research journey.  
The researchers also acknowledge the individuals, instructors, laboratory personnel, and colleagues who, in  
various ways, contributed to the validation of ideas, refinement of concepts, and improvement of the study’s  
overall quality.  
Above all, the researchers offer their deepest and most sincere gratitude to God Almighty for granting them the  
wisdom, perseverance, protection, and guidance necessary to complete this work. His divine provision and grace  
made every step of this journey meaningful and possible.  
REFERENCES  
1. Aljanabi, M. K., & Al.tufaily, S. A. (2024). Smart water level indicator with dry protection based on  
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2371.pdf  
About The Authors  
Engr. Meshelle N. Fabro is a Professional Computer Engineer with both academic and industry experience. She  
is currently pursuing her Master of Science in Computer Engineering at Bulacan State University, Malolos. She  
has worked with leading technology companies such as Hewlett-Packard (HP) and IBM, specializing in systems  
and enterprise solutions. At present, she serves as a Part-time Instructor in the Computer Engineering Department  
of EARIST, where she trains and mentors future engineers. Her professional interests include computer systems,  
VLSI design, artificial intelligence, and emerging technologies in computing.  
Engr. Bernard C. Fabro is a Professional Computer Engineer and Assistant Professor at Eulogio “Amang”  
Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology. He has over 15 years of teaching experience in computer  
engineering, specializing in robotics, programming, and control systems. He holds a Master of Science in  
Mathematics and a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering and is currently pursuing his Master of  
Engineering in Computer Engineering. His research interests include automation, deep learning applications,  
and smart systems, with several published works in international conferences and journals.  
Engr. Alison D. Caoile is a graduate student taking the program of Master of Science in Computer Engineering.  
He is a college checker and a part-time instructor at Urdaneta City University, where he graduated with  
experience in software development and mastery in computer hardware servicing. Aside from serving in the  
office, Alison is also teaching students beyond his office hours and passionate about learning new knowledge in  
technology to expand his expertise in field.  
Dr. Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula holds a Doctor of Technology from TUP and currently serves as the University  
Registrar of Bulacan State University, overseeing academic records, student services, and administrative  
processes. She earned a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering from PUP, a Master of Arts in Education  
major in CAI and Programming from LCUP, and a Master of Science in Computer Engineering from Mapúa  
University.  
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