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Prism Methodology and Economic Sustainability of Selected

Construction Firms in Lagos State

Hammed Olawale Gazal (Ph.D)

, Dosunmu-Adebola Rasaq Oluwashikemi

, Fadahunsi, Ayinde

Olusegun

, Azeez, Taofeekat Oyindamola

1,4

Department of Management Technology, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University,

Lagos Nigeria

Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria

Walden University, Minnesota United State of America

Corresponding Author

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91200019

Received: 10 December 2025; Accepted: 16 December 2025; Published: 31 December 2025

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to assess the impact of prism project management methodology on economy

sustainability of construction firms in Lagos state. Survey research design was adopted for this study with the

aids of structured questionnaire. Data were collected from a proportional stratified sample of 57 construction

firms and 246 clients of those firms respectively. These firms were registered with Lagos Chamber of Commerce.

The data collected instrument was validated using both content and construct validity, while the reliability of the

instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha which was achieved at α = 0.8. Multiple Regression analysis

was used for the data analysis. The findings revealed that, there was a significant relationship (R

= 0.580;

p<0.05) between commitment and accountability, ethics and decision-making power and integration and

transparency and economic sustainability of construction firms. From the findings of the study, it was also

discovered that prism project methodology could help to overcome budget, time, stakeholder and contracting

challenges that could allow construction firms to suffer and record significant economic losses. The study

recommended among others that construction firms should align PRISM methodology to core strategy of their

firms in order to enhance their economy sustainability. The study has been able to establish the significant

relationship between prism methodology and economic sustainability of construction firms in Lagos State and

further show the extent of contribution of the independent variable to the dependent variable

Keywords: Prism methodology, Commitment and Accountability, Ethics and Decision-Making Power and

Integration and Transparency and Economy sustainability

INTRODUCTION

Project management as emphasized by the accomplishments of the project builders, architecture of ancient cities,

including the works of masons and artisans and skilled workers on the great wall of China and other marvels,

was described to be one of humanity’s oldest and most respected achievement of mankind. Following the Second

World War, the complexity of projects and declining labor supply due to the war necessitated new approaches.

This prompted the introduction of Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) charts, and Critical Path

Method (CPM) provided project managers with control over large-scale and highly complex projects. Project

management has been developed for the past couple of decades as researchers and practitioners have attempted

to trap the essence of project failure and various criteria that could enhance project success (Hammed & Bakare,

2022)

In other to enhance the functionality of industries to improve both its understanding and application of human

factors the European Process Safety Centre took the initiative in creating PRISM. PRISM was a ‘Thematic

Network’ aimed at creating an extensive forum across different institutions such as universities, research centers,

construction firms and other practitioners to collaborate and improve the flow of practical experience and

fundamental knowledge (Robin & Lee, 2004).

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PRiSM Framework "Projects integrating Sustainable Methods” is an organized approach to sustainable “Green"

Project Management. It is grounded in various standards, including ISO 21500:2012"Guidance on Project

Management". Knowledge and practical application of the PRiSM Framework. (Triantafyllos &Iliana, 2015)

Project management in construction firm involves organizing projects activities to effectively achieve in such

manner that promotes adequate realization of the project goal. Despite the efforts of project managers and team

members to complete projects on time, within budget, and meeting all requirements with high quality, challenges

persist. Recently, various trends in project management have emerged to improve project performance and

sustainability. For the purpose of this paper, the focus will be on how a new sustainability project management

methodology called PRiSM can help construction projects, its challenges and constraints to promotes economic

sustainability of the construction firms (Monica,2014)

The consequence of changes in the internal and external conditions of the function of construction firms are

dynamic due to the existing management concepts and new management problems. Factors driving changes

within organization can be attributed to the ongoing continuous improvement of management models and

organizational structures, such as through process automation. Changes in the external environment of the

organization are more noticeable and result primarily from the development of technology, digitization, and their

effects are also felt in the social, economic, and environmental spheres (Triantafyllos &Iliana, 2015).

Specifically, Amalraj, Hernani, Ladouceur, & Verma stated (2022) stated that over-budgeted projects, sometimes

started with misinformation and inadequate data to get the final approval, causing difficulties in subsequent

stages. Furthermore, another major challenge for keeping the project on budget could also result from lack of

competitive contractors and the scarce labor resources. Scheduling can significantly affect project management

success, particularly when there is a shortage of skilled contractor staff and an adequate number of team members

to support planners and schedulers in large projects.

According to Jarosz et al. (2020) explained that the changes connected with industry digitization, automation,

robotization, data processing, and intelligent systems are major challenges of economic sustainability of

construction firms. On the other hand, Coşkun et al. (2019) stated that specific technologies such as Internet of

Things, Internet of Services, or Industrial Internet are the major constraints for sustainability of the construction

firms.

However, despite these authors’ contributions, many of these challenges remain. This highlight the need for a

study on Prism methodology and Economy sustainability of construction firms in Lagos State

LITERATURE REVIEW

Preamble

PRiSM is a sustainability project management methodology that incorporates five elements to offer a

comprehensive view of project management. The study of Joel Carboni, President and Founder of Green Project

Management (GPM Global), explains that PRiSM concepts and guidelines, emerged from concerns about

processes. The study highlighted that some green did not fully address environmentally responsibility, focusing

only on the final product rather than the entire delivery process. PRiSM (Projects integrating Sustainable

Methods) is a standardized approach that merged sustainable development principles with widely accepted

project management practices. It provides tools and procedures to support management and achieve business

objectives, effectively addressing environmental, social, and economic impact at the project level. PRiSM can

be applied across various sectors and organization. (Triantafyllos & Iliana, 2015)

Traditional sustainability project management typically centers on the triple bottom line elements (environment,

community, finance) for project development. However, members of Green Project Management (GPM)

believes that additional elements are necessary to align project with the core orporate strategy. For that reason,

they developed PRiSM methodology including five elements (People, Planet, Profit, Product, and Process) as a

new bottom line. (Monica, 2014)

Prism Performance Model

Performance Prism is a performance measurements framework with five facets that create a three-dimensional

triangular prism. The top and bottom facets represent stakeholder satisfaction and stakeholder contribution, while

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)

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the other three facets are strategies, processes, and capabilities. Numerous models and concepts developed by

experts, such as SMART, performance measurements questionnaire, quantum measurement models, The

Balanced Scorecard, Malcolm Baldrige Criteria, and Performance Prism are used by companies for performance

measurement. Among these, the Balanced Scorecard is the most frequently utilized overall model for

performance measurement. Balanced scoreboard is a framework use to measure the performance of firms

viewed from causal relationships between strategic goals (Kaplan and Norton, 1996) using four perspectives:

financial perspective, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth (Neely et al., 2002).

The performance Prism model builds on the Balanced Scorecard model. It incorporates five perspectives:

Stakeholder satisfaction, Stakeholder contribution, Strategies, Processes, and Capabilities These perspectives

form a triangular prism, with Stakeholder satisfaction and Stakeholder contribution on the top and bottom, and

strategies, processes, and capabilities along the upright sides. Performance Prism provides comprehensive and

comprehensive measurement by identifying stakeholders from the investors, customers, suppliers, employees,

governments, and communities around the company environment. (Desmon, Sukaria, Iskandarini & Katrin,

2019)

Principles of PRiSM Methodology

The effectiveness of the PRiSM methodology is attributed to its integration across various departments within

the organization. For successful adoption at all levels, it is important to grasp its foundational principles before

implementing them throughout the company, these principles include; commitment and accountability, this

entails ensuring safe, healthy, and clean environment, fair wages, ethical procurement, and adherence to legal

standards: ethics and decision-making Power , this involves identifying, mitigation, and preventing harmful

effects on society and the environment, both in the short and long term: integration and transparency, this

principle focuses on balancing social integrity, environmental impact, and economic development in all aspect

of monitoring, management, and practice.: development of resources implies maintaining and improving the

natural resource base by enhancing the development and utilization of technology and resources: social and

ecological Equity means evaluating human vulnerability based on demographic changes in ecologically sensitive

regions and population centers.: economic prosperity, this is the establishment of fiscal targets and strategies that

balance the needs of the stakeholders, both present and future. (Xebrio, 2024).

Sustainability of Organizations and Projects

The topics of Social and Environmental Responsibility and Corporate Development are integral to the holistic

approach of sustainable development and represent a leading area of both theoretical and applied research.

Traditionally, private sector organizations have either expanded or merely" survived" by prioritizing financial

gains and sharing profits to their partners or shareholders. However, structure of every type, orientation, size and

proprietorship must secure and sustain societal approval or at least tolerance to continue their operation.

Sustainability involves a dedication to the "Triple Bottom Line" Profit – People – Planet, as illustrated in Figure

1. below. The Individual features of Sustainability include: Balancing short and long-term objectives at a local

and global level, consuming “income" and not "capital" (whether economic, social or environmental),

transparency and accountability, operating according to collective and individual values and principles.

(Triantafyllos &Iliana, 2015)

Figure 1: The Triple Bottom Line

Source (Triantafyllos &Iliana, 2015)

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Theory of Project Management from the Industrial Era to the Knowledge Society

Project management is not just a great business for software firms and publishers. Also, it is for consulting,

thriving considering the widely extended the view that projectized organization and teamwork is seen as the key

to the future of an organizational. It is an idea that determines future success of an organization to most of its

advocates. A well-known one of the early researchers in the field of project management is Alvin Toffler authored

the influential book "The Third Wave" in 1980 (as cited in Ern-Kjolhede, 1999), suggested in his book that post

industrialism (third wave) will require new ways of flexibility, adaptively of organization to drastic changes in

the work place. The practical consequence of this is that the individual ability and interpersonal skills of

employees will be more in focus. This assertion was also emphasized in some books on knowledge management,

which dwells more on empowering individual interpersonal skills and flexibility. This corroborates with the

observations on the essentials of research management, this assertion promotes projectized organization, where

project manager capability and skills could be effectively utilized due to authority at his disposal compared to

traditional approach. This gives an organization the opportunity to adapt easily to variation. (Erno-Kjolhede,

1999).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This research used a survey method with a structured questionnaire. Population of this comprise of 76

construction firms registered with Lagos chamber of commerce. To determine the sample size, the Krejci and

Morgan formula was utilized, resulting in sample of 57 construction firms. The instrument used for data

collection was validated for content and construct validity, while its reliability was measured with Cronbach’s

Alpha, which achieved a value of α = 0.8. Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression analysis.

Research Findings

Data Analysis

Based on the research methodology discussed above. Fifty-six (57) copies of the questionnaires were distributed

to Project managers f of each participating building firms accredited by the Lagos Chamber of Commerce and

Industry (LCCI). Of the 57 questionnaires distributed, forty-six (46) usable were received return from the

construction firms. This represents 91% response rate. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyses the data

collected from both project managers of the construction.

Analysis of Hypothesis

Accountability and Commitment, Ethics and Decision-Making Power and Integration and Transparency does

not have any significant contribution to economic sustainability of construction firms.

Table 1 Model Summary

Model

R Square

Adjusted Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

.864

.746

.643

.12594

a. Predictors: (Constant), Commitment and Accountability, Ethics and Decision-Making Power and

Integration and Transparency

Table 2: ANOVA

Model

Sum of Squares

Mean Square

Sig.

1 Regression

.018

.006

.386

.036

Residual

.666

.016

Total

.685

a. Dependent Variable: Economy sustainability

b. Predictors: (Constant), Commitment and Accountability, Ethics and Decision-Making Power and

Integration and transparency

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)

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Table 3: Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig.

Std. Error

Beta

1 (Constant)

Commitment and Accountability

Ethics and Decision-Making Power

Integration and Transparency

4.692

.377

12.450

.000

.009

.072

.022

.120

.005

.074

.085

.160

.877

.035

.016

.069

.039

.233

.017

a. Dependent Variable: Economy sustainability

Tables 1, 2 and 3 provide the overview of the model, variance analysis, and coefficient of determination of the

findings, respectively. The model summary table (Table 1) indicates that Accountability and Commitment, Ethics

and Decision-Making Power and Integration and Transparency have strong positive correlations with economic

sustainability (R = 0.864). This suggest that a holistic approach to Commitment and Accountability, Ethics and

Decision-Making Power and Integration and Transparency more likely to lead to economic sustainability The

model further shows the extent to which Accountability and Commitment, Ethics and Decision-Making Power

and Integration and Transparency account for variation in economic sustainability of construction firms. The

multiple correlation coefficient (R

= 0.746) shows that 74.6% of the change in economy sustainability is

accounted for by Accountability and Commitment, Ethics and Decision-Making Power and Integration and

Transparency.

Table 3 shows how will the regression model estimate the dependent variable, based on the model’s statistical

significance. The p-value (0.036) indicates that the regression model has significant predictive power of the

outcome variable, (i.e., it fits the data well). An assessment of the unstandardized coefficients of Accountability

and Commitment, Ethics and Decision-Making Power and Integration and Transparency in the table coefficients

(Table 3) the linked p-values indicate Accountability and Commitment, (β

= 4.692, p < 0.05), Ethics and

Decision-Making Power (βCC = 4.692, p < 0.05), and Integration and Transparency (βRC = 4.692, p < 0.05) are

statistically meaningful and suitable for enhancing economy sustainability.

Regression Model: Economy sustainability = 4.692 + 0.009C+ 0.074E+ 0.16I

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

The findings showed that there is a significant relationship (R

= 0.580; p<0.05) between Accountability and

Commitment, Ethics and Decision-Making Power and Integration and Transparency and economy sustainability

of construction firms. From the findings of the study, it was discovered that prism project methodology could

assist in addressing budget, time, stakeholder and contracting challenges that otherwise lead to substantial

economic losses for construction firms. The study recommended among others that construction firms should

align PRISM methodology to core strategy of their firms in order to enhance their economy sustainability.

CONCLUSION

The study concludes that current state of construction project management requires significant improvement and

should be addressed with more effective concepts and management methods. The primary challenges faced by

the industry stem from its inherent characteristics, as well as internal issues such as inadequate management,

insufficient technology advancement, and limited utilization, PRiSM methodology could deliver the construction

project with minimal scope changes and provide a schedule, cost efficiency, and specification. Furthermore, it

shows a link between project success and PRiSMmethodology. Incorporation of PRiSM methodology features

enhance project management methods and address cost budget, schedule, stakeholder, and contracting

challengers which currently lead to significant economic losses for construction companies. The PRiSM

methodology support contribution of projects by aligning its objectives with the company’s central strategy

improving the logistics network, and broadening its mission.

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RECOMMENDATION

The study recommended among that construction firms should align PRISM methodology to core strategy of

their firms in order to enhance their economy sustainability.

Contribution to Knowledge

The study has been able to establish the significant relationship between prism methodology and economic

sustainability of construction firms in Lagos State and further show the extent of contribution of the independent

variable to the the dependent variable.

This study could enable construction firms identify the likely constraints to be encountered during the life cycle

of the project and provides a means of mitigating the constraints that are capable of delaying the project beyond

the expected time of delivery or leading to the abandonment of the project itself.

Conflict Of Interest

There is no any conflict of interest among Authors

Ethical Consideration

A thorough ethical approach to data collection was employed. The researcher obtained permission from the

relevant authorities in each of the construction firms through a designated contact person before initiating the

field work. The respondents were provided with detailed information about the research purpose and benefits

and their informed consent was obtained. It was explicitly stated that their participating in the survey would not

cause any harm, discomfort or privacy invasion and their data would bd used confidentially.

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