The findings indicate that, although the majority of students understood the meaning of dhomir, they continued

to encounter difficulties in identifying its application within conversations as well as in using it accurately.

This highlights the need for more frequent paired practice. The primary challenges identified include confusion

in selecting the appropriate dhomir when applying contextual usage related to gender, number, and changes in

nouns and verbs. Accordingly, the study recommends the adoption of interactive communication activities as a

more effective approach in teaching dhomir. This includes frequent communicative exercises and greater

emphasis on its application within conversational practice. The implications of this study underscore the

importance of paired and group communication exercises, as well as role-play simulations, in the learning

process. Ultimately, this research contributes to the teaching and learning of Arabic by emphasizing the

practical integration of grammatical elements into communication.

comprehension and ensures that messages are communicated precisely.

When learning Arabic as a third language, students who use Malay on a regular basis frequently face

difficulties in using Arabic dhomir. This issue derives from being unfamiliar with the numerous dhomir

variants that occur in both speech and writing. Although students understand the theoretical principles of

dhomir, they struggle to use them effectively in real-world communication. The current study is to assess the

comprehension and use of dhomir in paired conversation among students enrolled in the Teaching Arabic

Communicative course at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM).

This study also aims to pinpoint current weaknesses and provide practical, communication-focused

pedagogical strategies, with the objective of integrating grammar mastery into everyday spoken interactions.

be analysed as part of the broader system of mood, modality, and appraisal in Arabic discourse.

show that speakers tend to use pronouns when referents are mentally active and accessible.

In paired communication, these choices reveal how interlocutors maintain shared understanding and efficiently

manage reference during spontaneous dialogue.

dhomir (pronouns) within paired communication. The research design takes the form of a survey study,

utilizing a questionnaire as the primary instrument.

A total of 195 Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) students enrolled in the Teaching Arabic Communicative

course were selected as respondents through purposive sampling. The respondents comprised students from

various years of study who had been exposed to the teaching of dhomir and had participated in paired

communication activities during instructional sessions.

The main tool used in this study was a closed-ended questionnaire that was constructed based on concepts

evaluate their confidence, their comprehension of dhomir usage, and the obstacles they encountered during

spoken interaction.

Statistical methods were employed to analyze the collected data descriptively using Excel software. In order to

assess students' comprehension and to identify patterns of usage and common errors in the application of

dhomir, the analysis employed pie charts and percentages.

Participants’ Demographic:

The primary goal of the study was to evaluate the comprehension and confidence of students regarding the

utilization of Arabic dhomir (pronouns) in paired communication, as well as to determine the necessity of

more frequent practice to improve their proficiency. The results of the data analysis of 195 respondents are

further elaborated upon in this section.

Figure 1 illustrates that the majority of students (82.6%) had studied Arabic at the primary school level,

followed by 62.6% at the secondary school level, 51.3% at the diploma level, and only 38.5% at the bachelor’s

degree level. This suggests that Arabic exposure is more prevalent in the initial stages of education but

decreases as students proceed to higher educational levels. This sort of decrease could make it harder to keep

A total of 122 students (62.6%) had studied Arabic at the secondary school level. This indicates a continuity of

exposure to Arabic, although with a slight decline compared to the primary level.

A total of 100 students (51.3%) had experience studying Arabic during their diploma studies. This percentage

is relatively high and indicates that half of the students continued to pursue Arabic at the early stage of higher

education.

Bachelor’s Degree

those who had completed levels 1, 2, and 3.

dhomir.

The majority of students (77.4%) assigned scores of 3 and 4, indicating a moderate to high level of

understanding. However, the percentage of students who were truly proficient (score 5) remained low (16.4%),

suggesting that there is still room for improvement in terms of practice and reinforcement of contextual

understanding in the use of dhomir. This study affirms the necessity of paired communication exercises and

practical activities to enhance both comprehension and actual application in conversation.

Figure 2

This question measured the extent to which students understood the meaning of each dhomir (pronoun) used in

Arabic conversation, employing a Likert scale of 1 to 5, where: 1 = Strongly do not understand to 5 = Strongly

This group has the potential to improve through further practice and guidance.

A total of 52 students (26.7%) demonstrated relatively high confidence, indicating that they were more certain

about the correct use of dhomir in conversation.

Only 23 students (11.8%) were highly confident. This indicates that only a small number were truly proficient

and assured in the use of dhomir within actual conversational contexts.

meaning of dhomir.

A total of 39 respondents (20%) indicated a moderate level of need.

Professional training for Arabic language instructors in communicative pedagogy and practical approaches to

grammar teaching.

situation before analyzing the information. However, if the teacher says “change this conversation to تنأ”, the

instruction becomes much clearer.

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