This study incorporates a corpus-assisted Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) methodology to analyse the way

strengthens CDA clarity and empirical support. The findings suggest that phrases and collocations may

disclose systematic approaches for building in-group legitimacy (the pigs) and out-group deviance (the other

animals). The present study contributes a methodologically distinct contribution to the structure of

sociolinguistics by researching how language is used to define identity and power in a fictional narrative. It

indicates how corpus-assisted CDA assists in helping researchers comprehend the ideological aspects of

discourse and how they intersect with social power relations. Moreover, the findings emphasize fiction's

relevance as an acceptable domain for sociolinguistic study, and CDA may disclose the ideological

mechanisms inherent to the narrative. The study provides both practical and theoretical additions to the fields

of applied linguistics and the arts and humanities.

regardless of how a significant amount of this study has been done in the context of political speeches, media

texts, and institutional discourse (Jeffries, 2010). Fiction provides an especially informative corpus for

evaluating the ways in which language is utilized to imitate or challenge power hierarchies because of its

stylized and regulated vocabulary.

Animal Farm (1945) written by George Orwell functions as a significant foundation for this study. The novel

serves as an allegorical indictment of tyranny, sometimes regarded as a commentary on Russian Stalinism. The

deceptively straightforward narrative focused on a collective of farm animals that revolt against their human

farmer, only to encounter a different type of subjugation, offering significant material for analysing how

language enables the formation of ideological power. Although many have focused on the novel's themes and

allegorical dimensions (as mentioned by Rodden, 1999), a notable gap remains in linguistic research regarding

like repetition, slogans, and collocations in encoding and standardizing the dynamics of power. Subsequently,

this study employs a sociolinguistic framework to analyse how fiction resembles real-world discourse

practices, presenting insights into the method by which that language shapes and reflects reality in society.

The present analysis is distinguished from existing literary or thematic assessments by using the application of

a corpus linguistic tool, AntConc. According to Anthony (2019), AntConc is designed to computationally

validate characteristics of language used in the novel. The corpus-assisted approach enables extensive and

profound insights, supporting the observation of linguistic patterns that may be overlooked in an exclusively

qualitative study. Therefore, the hybrid approach consisting of Critical Discourse Analysis and corpus

linguistics has been found to strengthen methodological clarity and replicability, consequently reinforcing the

validity of outcomes on the ideological significance of language within the source material (Mahlberg, 2013).

contextualizes Animal Farm within an analytical framework, enhancing the comprehension of how fictional

narratives convey beliefs and revealing the various contexts in which language shapes power and identities.

The result of this study aims to address methodological and qualitative insufficient contributions to the body of

knowledge. Regardless of the wide range of applications of CDA to non-literary genres such as newspapers,

political speeches, and policy documents (Wodak & Meyer, 2009), its implementation in literary texts,

particularly when paired with corpus-based methodologies, remains limited. This study offers a distinctive

contribution to sociolinguistic approach and the discourse analysis of literary fiction, corresponding with the

objectives of applied language studies that encompass theory, method, and context in the analysis of language

use.

In line with the aims, these research questions operate as the foundation for this study:

The interconnection of language, ideology, and identity has traditionally served as an integral topic in

sociolinguistics, notably within the context of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Within the core of CDA is

its belief of how discourse constitutes a social practice through which power relations within society are

implemented, contested, and sustained (Fairclough, 1995). This stance regards language not simply as an

impartial carrier of meaning, but as an intentional and culturally integrated tool for shaping ideology and

producing societal truths (Wodak & Meyer, 2009). The incorporated methodological focus on the inequality of

power and its critical evaluation of language makes it particularly suitable for researching ideologically

motivated novels like Animal Farm (1995).

The publication of Orwell's narratives has undergone extensive research from both literary and political

(2024) explored the role of character dialogues in ideological persuasiveness. However, these studies typically

rely on qualitative interpretation devoid of empirical assurance, therefore necessitating more methodologically

The present research extends these foundations by utilizing Fairclough’s (1995) three-dimensional model of

Critical Discourse Analysis, which covers three analytical levels: textual, discursive practice, and social

practice. It evaluates language attributes composed of vocabulary, grammar, coherence, and rhetorical devices

on a textual basis. The discursive practice aspect focuses on the processes of composing texts and reception,

whereas the social practice element establishes discourse within wider institutional and ideological

frameworks. This triadic framework facilitates a comprehensive study of how discourse shapes and justifies

downplaying or demeaning the out-group. In Animal Farm, this polarization is distinctively reinforced by the

opposition of the ruling pigs and the other animals, with linguistic selections influencing hierarchical divisions.

Van Dijk’s model permits an in-depth comprehension of how these patterns correspond with the ideological

portrayal of events and characters. There is a strong complementarity between the approaches which provides

an integrated framework to address language and power issues. Fairclough’s model allows for a multi-tiered

analysis of how discourse functions at the micro-level of text, the meso-level of production and consumption,

methodology for understanding discoursive construction of polarization, by accentuating in-group virtues

versus downplaying or discrediting out-group. These frameworks offer a more nuanced, critically informed

and historically grounded analysis of the ways Orwell represents authoritarianism, marginalization and

keyword analysis, collocation mapping, and concordance line assessment to transcend subjective

interpretations and furnish systematic indication of ideological discourse structures throughout the novel.

Some recent works also demonstrate that corpus-assisted CDA clarifies transparency and replicability in the

analysis of ideological literature (Baker, 2021; Partington et al., 2018).

Previous studies have illustrated the potential of combining corpus methodologies with CDA. Baker et al.

(2008) has shown that these approaches can improve the transparency and replicability of discourse analysis.

Farm.

The present paper leverages sociocognitive and structuralist approaches, with statistical methods from corpus

linguistics, to further develop the interdisciplinary analysis of fictional texts as a socially significant discourse.

It depicts Animal Farm not merely as a piece of literature, but as a sociolinguistic component that replicates

and perpetuates ideological disputes. This method of study aligns with overarching patterns in applied

language studies that emphasize methodological innovation and critical study of language as a means of social

movement.

In this study, a qualitative research design based on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is applied and

In the aftermath of cleaning, the text was uploaded into AntConc 3.5.8 (Anthony, 2019), a corpus analysis

software specialized to measure lexical frequencies, collocations, keyword clusters, and concordance

relationships. Considering its limited dimension, Animal Farm's cohesive narrative and ideological depth

propagating state ideology through linguistic manipulations. This phase additionally examines the

dissemination of slogans and directives among the animals to internalize a shared identity.

This section highlights the corpus methods and tools used in the analysis, which include frequency analysis,

authority and ruling status. Snowball, on the other hand, is frequently mentioned with “traitor,” “enemy,” and

oppositions that correspond to actual propaganda strategies in the world, as proposed in Van Dijk (1998)’s