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ILEIID 2025 | International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
ISSN: 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS
Special Issue | Volume IX Issue XXIV October 2025
Curriculum Innovation in Engineering: Integrating SDG and ESG for
Future-Ready Technologists
*
Mahanijah Md Kamal
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Technology MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding Author
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.924ILEIID00101
Received: 23 September 2025; Accepted: 30 September 2025; Published: 01 November 2025
ABSTRACT
Since technical advancement in electrical and electronics engineering must strike a balance between social
responsibility, economic viability, and environmental preservation, sustainability management has emerged as
an essential component in today's engineering education. The fourth (SDG 4) of the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals is to ensure high-quality education and promote opportunities for lifelong learning, which
is an essential component of sustainable development. The innovative integration of sustainability
management concepts into engineering curricula, with an emphasis on the environmental, social, governance,
and economic aspects, is presented in this paper. In this regard, the Sustainability Management course is one of
the courses offered in the Bachelor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology with Honours
programme. It is seen as added value and at the same time raises awareness of the critical role of the younger
generation in improving environmental sustainability. These days, the industry seeks graduates who can
contribute to the long-term viability of their company's operations in addition to having technological
expertise. Thus, the course adds value for UiTM graduates as they can catalyze shaping the future of
sustainable management in Malaysia and throughout the world in addition to pursuing careers in the energy
and technology sectors.
Keywords: Sustainability, Management, Course, Technologist
INTRODUCTION
Sustainability has emerged as a critical component in addressing global challenges such as climate change,
resource depletion, and social inequality. As future technologists are expected to lead the design and
development of sustainability technologies and systems, integrating sustainability into engineering education
has become not only relevant but essential. Engineering undergraduates must be equipped with the knowledge,
skills, values, and integrity necessary to understand complex scenarios and to propose innovative solutions
aligned with global sustainability goals. One common problem in engineering studies is that, although design
is a fundamental part of engineering sciences, sometimes it may be excluded from the teaching curriculum.
Hence, future engineers may lack creativity and have a narrow problem-solving focus, with too much emphasis
on mastering mathematical equations (Pineda et. al. 2024).
In response, higher education institutions (HEIs) worldwide are reforming curricula to embed sustainability
principles across disciplines. The integration of sustainability into engineering curricula has emerged as both a
global and national priority. Globally, universities are aligning their teaching and learning with the United
Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to prepare future-ready graduates capable of addressing
complex societal and environmental challenges, which serve as a global blueprint for achieving a more
sustainable and equitable future by 2030. Nationally, the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) underscores
this priority by mandating the integration of SDGs into higher education programme standards. This
integration extends to curriculum design, learner learning assessment, academic staff development, and
governance structures, ensuring that higher education contributes directly to sustainable development.
Consequently, university curricula should be adapted to raise student awareness on the concepts of
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ILEIID 2025 | International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
ISSN: 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS
Special Issue | Volume IX Issue XXIV October 2025
sustainability and sustainable development. In addition, it is essential to introduce methodological changes
aimed at making students more active in their learning processes (Calvo et. al, 2024). In this scenario, the
following research questions arise:
RQ1: What pedagogical strategies are most effective in embedding sustainability management into
engineering
education?
RQ2: How does the course design address industry and societal needs for future technologist graduates?
Therefore, this paper proposed a structured approach to curriculum development for a sustainability-focused
subject in engineering programme. This paper aims to present a curriculum innovation in engineering by
integrating SDG and ESG principles and introducing them in the Sustainability Management course to prepare
future-ready technologists.
LITERATURE REVIEW
A growing body of research underlines the necessity for engineering education to move beyond purely
technical skills. Studies show that integration of the SDGs into engineering curricula fosters more holistic
education, combining ethics, social, and environmental awareness, and systems thinking with technical
learning (Risti et. al, 2026). The authors highlight that recent years have seen increasing attention to SDG
themes in engineering education globally, emphasizing that students develop core competencies required for
sustainability and that institutions face both structural barriers and opportunities in integrating these into
curricula. Consequently, various frameworks have been developed to guide the incorporation of sustainability
into higher education, notably the UNESCO Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) framework and the
ABET Engineering Criteria.
In Malaysia, particularly, studies demonstrate that in the electrical and electronics manufacturing sectors, green
management and green technology have measured positive impacts on performance and business sustainability
(Mohd Yazid Md Talib et. Al, 2024). These findings suggest that graduates in electronic engineering require
not only technical knowledge but also management capability and awareness of sustainability to align with
industry and national sustainable ambitions. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development clearly reflects the
urgency to embed the principles of education for sustainable development (ESD) into all levels of education.
ESD, understood as an integral part of quality education and all educational institutions, from preschool to
higher education and in nonformal and informal education, can and should foster the development of
sustainability competencies (Cebrian et. Al, 2020).
METHODOLOGY
The methodology comprises five key stages: Curriculum Development, Instructional Design and Delivery,
Learning Assessment, Feedback and Survey, and Review and Continuous Improvement. Figure 1 shows the
flow chart of the curricula development for the Bachelor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology
with Honours at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam.
Figure 1 The flow chart of the Sustainability Management development course
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ILEIID 2025 | International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
ISSN: 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS
Special Issue | Volume IX Issue XXIV October 2025
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Bloom’s Taxonomy, created by Benjamin Bloom in 1956, classifies educational learning objectives into six
levels of complexity (Chandio et. al, 2021). The six levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy are divided into three
domains (Armstrong, 2010) to promote higher-order thinking skills as tabulated in Table 1.
It employs the CAP (Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor) learning domains to ensure a holistic
development of learner competencies, encompassing critical thinking, personalised values formation and
practical skills. The integration of CAP domains in the Sustainability Management course enables the creation
of meaningful learning experiences that go beyond theoretical knowledge to include ethical reasoning,
emotional engagement, and real-world scenarios. Table 1 tabulates the level of Bloom’s Taxonomy used in the
CAP domains.
Table 1 Bloom's Taxonomy
Domain
Focus
Levels
Cognitive
Thinking & Knowledge
Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, Create
Affective
Feelings & Attitudes
Receive, Respond, Value, Organize, Characterize
Psychomotor
Physical Skills
Imitate, Manipulate, Precise, Articulate, Neutralize
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Curriculum Innovation
The rapid industrialization and digital transformation of the 21st century have brought both opportunities and
challenges for engineering graduates. Beyond technical expertise, technologists today are expected to
demonstrate awareness of global sustainability issues, ethical decision-making, and the capacity to design
solutions that integrate environmental, social, and economic considerations. Sustainability Management,
course code: EEE510, is a new course being offered by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) as part of the
course of study for the Bachelor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology with Honours
(CEEE260) programme in response to this changing need.
Figure 2 EEE510 Course syllabus
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ILEIID 2025 | International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
ISSN: 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS
Special Issue | Volume IX Issue XXIV October 2025
The innovation of curriculum design of the Sustainability Management course in the CEEE260 programme
reflects UiTM’s commitment to producing future-ready graduates who are both technically competent and
socially responsible. This course, offered in Semester 3 with 2 credit hours, is designed to provide learners
with a foundational understanding of sustainability concepts and their relevance to engineering practice. The
course integrates experiential learning through assignments and case studies that link learners with the
stakeholders. By aligning with the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) standards, accreditation
requirements, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the curriculum ensures both
national and international relevance. The course syllabus, including the COs, POs, and topics studied in
EEE510, is outlined in Figure 2. The mission of the FKE is to create multi-skilled engineering graduates who
can be entrusted to spearhead nation-building, especially to support the demand of the workforce in the green
economy sector. To graduate from the CEEE260 programme, the learners must undertake courses divided into
several categories/components as depicted in Table 2, which shows the component attributes of this program.
The course, offered in different components, is designed to enhance learner skills and abilities in various areas.
Table 2 The Program of EEE260 Courses
Component
University
Faculty
Program
Elective
Feedback and Survey
Using the uFuture platform, an entrance and exit survey (EES) was produced and conducted to assess students'
understanding as well as experience in the Sustainability Management course.
Table 3 Entrance Exit Survey Questions
No
Question & Domain Keyword
1.
I am familiar with the concept of sustainability management (Cognitive)
2
I have a strong knowledge of sustainability management (Cognitive)
3
Sustainability management has become a culture of my lifestyle. (Affective)
4
Sustainability management is one essential component of engineering studies (Affective)
5
I can perform an investigation of sustainable management issues related to engineering, technology and social
science. (Psychomotor)
6
I can propose suitable sustainable management measures for the environment. (Cognitive)
7
I can discuss the necessary tools and mechanisms for sustainable management. (Cognitive/ Affective)
8
I can contribute to the university, community and global sustainable agenda. (Psychomotor/ Affective)
At the beginning of the semester, an entrance survey was given to students to determine their prior
understanding, views, and expectations about sustainability principles and how they relate to engineering. The
exit survey, conducted at the end of the course, measured the extent of knowledge gained, skills developed, and
changes in attitudes towards SDG and ESG integration in engineering practice. This method gave comparative
insights into how learners progressed and how well the course design worked to achieve the desired learning
objectives. Table 3 shows how the EES questions were distributed. Here, the CAP domains are shown using
Bloom's Taxonomy, which is reflected in the keywords.
This curriculum innovation applies aspects of sustainable management in accordance with national and
international objectives, exposing students to creative and inventive thinking abilities. In addition to giving
students a coursework learning experience that integrates sustainable concepts into governance practices,
policies, work culture, engineering, and technology, it exposes them to how their role emphasizes a strategic
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ILEIID 2025 | International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
ISSN: 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS
Special Issue | Volume IX Issue XXIV October 2025
approach to sustainable management and investigates how ethical decisions impact organizational
development.
CONCLUSION
This requirement translates into the necessity for specialist courses in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
that not only educate technical knowledge but also raise awareness of environmental, social, and governance
(ESG) concepts. This gap is filled by the proposed Sustainability Management course, which gives learners the
skills they need to analyze sustainability issues critically, look into social and engineering problems, and
suggest solutions that support the shift to a green economy. This puts learners in a position to become morally
pure and creative technologists who can make a big difference in the sustainable future of Malaysia and the
entire globe. To prepare technologists for the needs of the green economy, the CEEE260 program needs to
include knowledge of sustainability management. This knowledge empowers technologists to suggest
environmentally friendly solutions, create ecologically conscious goods, and put management plans into action
that strike a balance between technical innovation and economic and ecological factors. This subject's
inclusion ensures that graduates are not only technically competent but also prepared to make a significant
contribution to both national sustainability priorities and global development goals, thereby meeting MQA's
requirements to incorporate SDG aspects.
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