sea Surface temperature (SST) over Peninsular Malaysia's maritime area. Monthly Level 3 data (4 km

resolution) obtained from MODIS Aqua for the period of July 2002 to May 2025 was used. Monthly and

seasonal average maps were generated to observe spatial SST patterns. Monthly, seasonal and yearly timeseries

constructs reveal a slight uptrend in SST. The highest recorded SST was 31.37°C in May 2010, and the lowest

was 26.84°C in December 2008. DJF is showing the lowest seasoning temperature, mainly due to the rainy

season over this study area. Regionally, the highest SST was observed over the Malacca Straits. This study

addresses common questions regarding SST trends, seasonal shifts, and regional anomalies. Through real data

analysis, students could develop a more profound understanding of marine environmental dynamics.

Integrating GIOVANNI in geography classrooms could promote critical thinking, spatial literacy and scientific

curiosity, which aligns with national educational goals.

and analyse satellite data. They only need four clicks to run GIOVANNi (Wei et al., 2018). GIOVANNI lets

users make maps, timeseries plots, animations, and other visualisations quickly and easily. Bringing

GIOVANNI into secondary classrooms can make a real difference. Instead of just talking about how the ocean

might be warming, students can actually explore the data themselves. For instance, they could see how SST

around Peninsular Malaysia has changed over time. They also could discuss what it might mean for marine life

or local weather. Since early 2000, NASA GIOVANI has been a popular service for the analysis and

visualisation of NASA Earth datasets. At the beginning of 2023, about 3,000 research publications had been

published (Gerasimov et al., 2024). To date, several research papers have been published by scientists around

the world that utilise GIOVANNI datasets (Acker, 2022; Kamaruddin et al., 2022; Amin et al., 2023; Liu and

Acker, 2024; Bryant et al., 2024; Omokpariola et al., 2025). The GIOVANNI web-based portal also has been

manner. Through this process, they develop essential skills in data analysis, interpretation and critical thinking.

Most importantly, students are able to connect theoretical classroom learning to their immediate surroundings,

enhancing the relevance and impact of their education. In short, integrating GIOVANNI into school lessons

could transform learning into a real investigation. Students can explore and understand our environment

directly, which will make science more interactive, relevant and exciting.

Despite the growing importance of climate literacy and oceanographic understanding in addressing global

environmental challenges, oceanographic education at the secondary school level remains limited in several

key aspects. Firstly, many classrooms lack access to real-time or historical oceanographic datasets, restricting

opportunities for practical, data-driven learning experiences. Secondly, there is minimal exposure among

on oceanography.

example.

The Proposed Product Is an Educational Innovation That Integrates Giovanni Satellite Datasets into Secondary

School Geography Learning. The Product Consists of a Digital Teaching and Learning Module That Guides

Teachers and Students in Accessing, Visualising, and Interpreting Sea Surface Temperature Data Around

Malaysian Waters. Through This Product, Students are able to Generate Maps and Time Series, Conduct Mini

projected onto a standardised global grid during predetermined time intervals (daily, 8-day, or monthly) made

up MODIS Level 3 data. The monthly Level 3 SST was selected for this investigation. Second, the study area's

latitude and longitude coordinates were specified, defining the spatial scope of interest. A box was drawn

across the Malaysia region when the left icon on the right side of the Select Region (Bounding Box or Shape)

panel was clicked. The study area encompassed the latitude range of 1.2305°N to 6.6357°N and the longitude

range of 99.1846°E to 108.8086°E. The start and end dates were then adjusted to correspond with the

necessary study period to establish the temporal domain. Two kinds of visualisations and analyses were carried

out after the data, region, and time were chosen. To investigate the spatial distribution of the SST throughout

Figure 2 shows the annual time series of SST from 1980 to 2024. The mean SST for this study period is

29.8°C as denoted by the red line. The SST exhibits an increasingly trend, indicating a steady warming of the

study area during the last two decades. The maximum SST 30.3°C was documented in 2024 and the minimum

SST of 29.4°C observed in 2011. This upward trend underscores the possible influence of prolonged climate

variability and global warming on regional SST trends.

Figure 3 shows the monthly SST trends throughout the study period. the green line indicates an overall upward

trend, reflecting a gradual warming pattern over time. The highest SST was recorded in May 2024 which

reached 31.7°C, while the lowest SST of 26.8°C was observed in January 2009. These fluctuations highlight

between 27.5°C and 29°C across the season. Both seasonal trends exhibit a slight upward pattern.

December, January, February

March, April, May

June, July, August

September, October, November

Figure 5 presents the seasonal average map of SST across Peninsular Malaysia. During the DJF season,

When analysing SST datasets, students are expected to uncover significant findings. They may identify long-

term SST trends in Malaysian maritime regions. The finding could be used to link climate change with coral

bleaching. Seasonal comparison may reveal the influence of the northeast and Southwest monsoon seasons on

SST variation. Students may also discover correlations between local SST patterns and global climate

phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña. Most importantly, these findings have strong relevance for

communities, as SST variations affect fisheries, coastal tourism, and even disaster preparedness.

The proposed innovation also carries commercial potential. One possible outcome is the development of