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Enhancing Halal Compliance: The Critical Role of Certification

Awareness in Strengthening Managerial Commitment in Hotel

Kitchens

Sakinatul Raadiyah Abdullah

, Daing Maruak Sadek

, Izatul Akmar Ismail

, Ahmad Yumni Abu

Bakar

, Shahirah Said

, Caturida Meiwanto Doktoralina

, Mohd Muhsinul Nidzam Abdullah

1234

Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Kedah

Branch, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia

Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Penang

Branch, Permatang Pauh, Penang, Malaysia

Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, Universitas Dian Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia

Institut Pendidikan Guru, Kampus Raja Melewar, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

*Corresponding Author

DOI:

https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.903SEDU0661

Received: 14 October 2025; Accepted: 19 October 2025; Published: 14 November 2025

ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for Shariah-compliant hospitality services has heightened the importance of halal

certification in hotel kitchens as a key determinant of operational integrity and customer trust. Despite its

recognized benefits, many hotels continue to face challenges in maintaining halal compliance due to limited

managerial awareness, regulatory complexities, and inconsistent commitment among hotel operators. This study

aims to explore the role of certification awareness in strengthening managerial commitment toward enhancing

halal compliance within hotel kitchens. Adopting a narrative review methodology, the study synthesizes existing

research retrieved from the Scopus database using a structured search strategy that includes relevant keywords

related to halal compliance, hospitality, and certification practices. An integrative thematic analysis was

conducted to identify dominant themes, theoretical perspectives, and conceptual linkages across studies. The

findings reveal that certification awareness serves as a mediating factor that reinforces managerial commitment,

leading to stronger ethical compliance, improved operational performance, and enhanced consumer confidence.

Theoretically, the study extends institutional theory by illustrating how normative and cognitive mechanisms,

such as awareness and education, translate external regulatory pressures into internalized compliance behavior.

Practically, it emphasizes the need for targeted training, policy support, and stakeholder collaboration to improve

halal certification literacy among hotel managers. The study concludes that greater certification awareness not

only strengthens managerial accountability but also ensures the sustainability of halal compliance in hospitality

operations. Future research should empirically test the proposed framework across diverse hotel contexts to

validate the mediating role of certification awareness in promoting halal excellence.

Keywords - Halal Compliance, Certification Awareness, Managerial Commitment, Halal Hospitality,

Institutional Theory

INTRODUCTION

The halal tourism and hospitality sector has emerged as a vital industry segment due to the rising demand for

Shariah-compliant services worldwide. Hotel kitchens, as the core providers of halal food, play a central role in

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)

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ensuring compliance with halal standards to cater to the expectations of Muslim consumers. Halal certification

is not only a religious requirement but also a symbol of trust, quality, and ethical assurance that strengthens

customer confidence in hotel services. With Muslim travelers increasingly prioritizing halal-friendly

destinations, hotels are compelled to integrate certification practices into their operational strategies (Yama et

al., 2019). Thus, enhancing awareness of halal certification has become a critical enabler in strengthening

managerial commitment toward sustaining halal compliance in hotel kitchens.

Extant literature demonstrates the significant benefits associated with halal certification, including enhanced

consumer trust, ethical compliance, and improved organizational performance (Yama et al., 2019). Furthermore,

hotels with halal-certified kitchens have been found to enjoy a competitive advantage in global markets,

particularly in attracting Muslim tourists from the Middle East and Asia, who seek high-quality halal dining

options (Razalli, 2018). Despite these advantages, challenges remain. Zailani et al. (2011) revealed that a lack

of certification awareness among hoteliers often results in negligence or resistance, especially in establishments

with predominantly non-Muslim clientele. Regulatory complexities and uncertainties in the certification process

further hinder hotels from achieving full compliance (Rahayu et al., 2023). These findings underscore the

pressing need to address certification awareness as a critical determinant of compliance.

Nevertheless, gaps persist in scholarly inquiry regarding how awareness of certification influences managerial

commitment to halal compliance. While prior research has explored the outcomes of certification on consumer

trust and hotel performance, there is insufficient focus on the internal organizational mechanisms that drive

compliance behavior (Karim et al., 2022). Specifically, few studies conceptualize the mediating role of

certification awareness in shaping managers’ ethical responsibility and operational decisions. This study

addresses this gap by proposing a conceptual framework that examines certification awareness as a pivotal factor

that strengthens managerial commitment to halal compliance in hotel kitchens.

The significance of this study lies in its potential contributions to both academia and industry. By offering a

conceptual framework, the paper provides new insights into the dynamics between certification awareness and

managerial practices, thereby advancing the discourse on halal management in hospitality. For practitioners, the

study highlights practical pathways to enhance compliance by emphasizing education, training, and policy

support. Moreover, the framework is particularly relevant for policymakers in Muslim-majority countries such

as Malaysia, where halal certification is both an economic imperative and a religious responsibility (Zailani et

al., 2010).

This study is grounded in institutional theory, which posits that organizations adopt certain practices due to

regulatory, normative, and cultural pressures (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983). By applying this lens, the paper argues

that certification awareness serves as a normative and cognitive mechanism that drives managerial commitment

to halal compliance. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 reviews the literature on halal

certification and managerial practices; Section 3 outlines the conceptual framework and theoretical

underpinnings; Section 4 discusses implications for hotel managers, policymakers, and researchers; and Section

5 concludes with recommendations and future research directions.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Enhancing Halal Compliance

Halal certification has long been recognized as a crucial mechanism for strengthening consumer trust and

enhancing business performance across the hospitality and food service sectors. Certification signals compliance

with Islamic dietary principles while also assuring food quality and safety, thereby fostering customer loyalty

and improving organizational reputation (Yama et al., 2019). For hotels, halal certification offers a competitive

advantage, particularly in markets targeting Muslim travellers from regions such as the Middle East and Asia,

who increasingly demand comprehensive halal experiences in their destination choices (Razalli, 2018).

Furthermore, studies reveal that hotels with halal-certified kitchens are perceived as more ethical and reliable,

which not only improves customer satisfaction but also directly impacts financial performance (Basarud-din et

al., 2022; Othman et al., 2017). These findings emphasize the dual role of halal certification as both a religious

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)

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obligation and a strategic business tool.

Despite these advantages, research highlights persistent challenges that hinder the widespread adoption of halal

certification in the hospitality industry. Lack of managerial awareness is a major barrier, as some hoteliers

perceive halal certification as unnecessary when their clientele is predominantly non-Muslim (Zailani et al.,

2011). Additionally, the certification process itself is often criticized for its complexity, with regulatory hurdles,

administrative burdens, and financial costs deterring small and medium enterprises (Rahayu et al., 2023; Fathoni

et al., 2025). In Malaysia, barriers such as fiscal constraints, inadequate halal literacy, and negative perceptions

about certification outcomes further undermine compliance intentions (Md Rodzi et al., 2023). These findings

suggest that without adequate awareness and institutional support, many hotel managers fail to recognize the

long-term strategic value of certification, thereby weakening their commitment to implementing halal standards

within kitchen operations.

The role of certification awareness has thus become a focal point in recent scholarship, with evidence showing

that knowledge, attitudes, and sensitivity to certification policies significantly influence managerial compliance

behavior (Widigdo & Triyanto, 2024; Othman et al., 2017). Awareness not only improves managers’ ethical

orientation but also strengthens their intention to integrate halal practices into operational strategies (Basarud-

din et al., 2022). Moreover, certification awareness acts as a mediating mechanism that translates external

pressures (such as government policies and consumer expectations) into stronger managerial commitment and

compliance behavior. For example, studies in Indonesia demonstrate that when awareness initiatives are coupled

with training and simplified certification services, managerial compliance improves significantly, even in

resource-constrained environments (Zuhrah et al., 2025). Taken together, the literature suggests that enhancing

certification awareness is critical for bridging the gap between external halal certification requirements and

internal managerial commitment, making it a central determinant of effective halal compliance in hotel kitchens.

Certification Awareness in Strengthening Managerial Commitment in Hotel Kitchens

Certification awareness is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant in strengthening managerial

commitment toward halal compliance. Awareness of certification processes and benefits influences managerial

decision-making, shaping ethical responsibility and behavioral intentions to comply with halal standards

(Basarud-din et al., 2022; Widigdo & Triyanto, 2024). Studies show that when managers possess adequate

knowledge and positive attitudes toward certification, their sensitivity to government policies and industry

requirements translates into stronger compliance and improved organizational performance (Othman et al.,

2017). Conversely, inadequate awareness often leads to resistance or neglect, particularly in establishments

serving mixed clientele, undermining long-term compliance efforts (Zailani et al., 2011). To overcome these

challenges, initiatives such as targeted training, financial support, and stakeholder collaboration have been

recommended to raise certification literacy, reduce misconceptions, and strengthen managerial accountability

(Zuhrah et al., 2025; Md Rodzi et al., 2023). Therefore, certification awareness functions as both a knowledge-

based enabler and a normative force that consolidates managerial commitment to halal compliance in hotel

kitchens.

METHODOLOGY

Research Design – Narrative Review Methodology

This study adopts a narrative review methodology to explore and synthesize existing literature on halal

compliance in hotel kitchens. Unlike systematic reviews that emphasize rigid protocols and quantitative

aggregation, a narrative review allows for flexibility in integrating diverse theoretical, empirical, and contextual

insights across disciplines such as hospitality management, Islamic studies, food safety, and organizational

behaviour (Baumeister & Leary, 1997). This approach is appropriate given the fragmented nature of research on

halal certification, managerial practices, and compliance standards, enabling the researcher to critically interpret,

compare, and connect findings rather than merely summarize them. Narrative design is particularly valuable for

building a conceptual framework, positioning certification awareness as a mediating variable that strengthens

managerial commitment and thereby enhances halal compliance in hotel kitchens.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)

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Picture 1: Narrative Review Methodology Process

Key Steps in Conducting a Narrative Review – Data Collection through Scopus Database

The data collection process relied primarily on the Scopus database, chosen for its comprehensive coverage of

peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and book chapters in relevant fields such as business,

management, hospitality, tourism, and Islamic finance. Scopus ensures academic rigor and credibility, making

it the most suitable platform for retrieving scholarly works on halal compliance. The review followed several

steps: (1) Identification, retrieving articles published between 2010 and 2025 to capture both historical and

contemporary perspectives; (2) Screening, reviewing abstracts, titles, and keywords to ensure alignment with the

study’s focus; (3) Eligibility, applying inclusion criteria (English-language, peer-reviewed, relevant to hotels or

food service operations) and excluding grey literature or studies outside hospitality; and (4) Inclusion, finalizing

a refined set of articles for synthesis. These steps ensured that the collected data was not only comprehensive but

also directly relevant to the aim of understanding the role of certification awareness in strengthening managerial

commitment.

Data Collection and Review Strategy

To capture relevant scholarship, the study employed a Boolean search strategy with the following string: ("halal"

OR "permissible" OR "lawful" OR "kosher") AND ("compliance" OR "adherence" OR "conformance" OR

"regulation") AND ("hotel" OR "hospitality" OR "accommodation" OR "lodging") AND ("kitchen" OR

"catering" OR "food service" OR "culinary") AND ("standards" OR "guidelines" OR "practices" OR

"protocols").

This strategy ensured inclusivity by considering synonymous terms for halal practices, compliance, hospitality

settings, and operational standards. Once relevant literature was identified, an integrative thematic analysis was

conducted in three phases: (1) familiarization, extracting key details such as authors, context, and findings; (2)

coding, grouping ideas into recurring clusters such as consumer trust, managerial awareness, regulatory barriers,

and policy support; and (3) theme integration, synthesizing clusters into broader conceptual insights. This

approach enabled the review to identify, analyze, and integrate key themes, concepts, and theoretical perspectives

across studies, ultimately leading to the formulation of a conceptual framework highlighting certification

awareness as a critical mediator.

Key Findings from the Narrative Review

Theme

Key Findings

Description and Relevance to Study

Supporting Sources

1. Consumer Trust and

Business Performance

Halal certification

enhances organizational

reputation, ethical image,

and consumer loyalty.

Certification serves as a symbol of quality

and integrity, strengthening consumer

confidence and improving financial

performance in the hospitality sector.

Yama et al. (2019);

Razalli (2018)

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2. Market

Competitiveness in

Hospitality

Halal-certified hotels gain

an advantage in attracting

Muslim tourists.

Certification acts as a marketing and

operational strategy, particularly effective

in attracting high-spending Muslim

travelers from the Middle East and Asia.

Razalli (2018);

Basarud-din et al.

(2022)

3. Challenges of

Awareness and

Implementation

Limited managerial

understanding and

regulatory complexities

hinder adoption.

Many hotel managers underestimate the

need for certification, while procedural

challenges and costs discourage

compliance, especially in SMEs.

Zailani et al. (2011);

Rahayu et al.

(2023); Md Rodzi et

al. (2023)

4. Role of

Certification

Awareness

Awareness mediates

managerial commitment

and compliance.

Knowledge and understanding of

certification benefits strengthen ethical

decision-making and managerial

accountability, bridging external policy

pressure with internal motivation.

Widigdo &

Triyanto (2024);

Othman et al.

(2017)

5. Policy and Training

Support

Education and stakeholder

collaboration enhance

certification adoption.

Government-led awareness programs,

financial incentives, and industry training

improve managerial readiness and

operational compliance.

Zuhrah et al.

(2025); Fathoni et

al. (2025)

6. Managerial

Commitment and

Ethical Leadership

Strong awareness

translates into higher

ethical compliance and

operational integration.

Managers who are aware of certification

principles implement comprehensive halal

management practices that align with

Shariah and business ethics.

Basarud-din et al.

(2022); Karim et al.

(2022)

The narrative review underscores that halal certification is not only a religious requirement but also a strategic

driver of competitive advantage in the hospitality industry. Hotels with certified kitchens demonstrate higher

customer trust, brand credibility, and market competitiveness (Yama et al., 2019; Razalli, 2018). However,

compliance remains inconsistent due to managerial unawareness, regulatory complexity, and financial

constraints (Zailani et al., 2011; Rahayu et al., 2023). The findings reaffirm that certification awareness functions

as the mediating force that transforms managerial commitment (IV) into sustained halal compliance (DV). When

managers are adequately informed about certification benefits, they exhibit stronger ethical leadership, strategic

engagement, and adherence to halal standards (Widigdo & Triyanto, 2024; Othman et al., 2017). Moreover,

institutional support through training, education, and government facilitation enhances both awareness and

compliance outcomes (Zuhrah et al., 2025; Fathoni et al., 2025).

In relation to the research focus, the review clearly demonstrates that strengthening certification awareness is

pivotal in reinforcing managerial commitment to halal compliance in hotel kitchens. The integration of these

factors, managerial commitment, awareness, and compliance—forms the basis of the proposed conceptual

framework, which positions certification awareness as the key mediating mechanism linking ethical management

with operational halal excellence.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

The narrative review identified six dominant themes—consumer trust, market competitiveness, managerial

awareness, regulatory challenges, policy support, and ethical leadership—that collectively explain the dynamics

of halal compliance in hotel kitchens. The synthesis confirms that halal certification functions not only as a

religious assurance but also as a strategic organizational mechanism that strengthens both operational integrity

and customer confidence. Prior research (Yama et al., 2019; Razalli, 2018) consistently demonstrates that

certification enhances consumer trust and brand reputation, positioning halal hotels as preferred choices among

Muslim travelers. However, the present study goes beyond performance outcomes by examining the

organizational mechanisms through which these effects occur—particularly how certification awareness

mediates the relationship between managerial commitment and halal compliance. This integrative perspective

advances the discussion from outcome-based understanding toward a process-oriented framework that links

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awareness, ethics, and institutional behavior.

From a theoretical standpoint, the findings reaffirm the relevance of Institutional Theory in explaining

compliance behavior within hospitality organizations. According to DiMaggio and Powell (1983), institutional

pressures—regulative, normative, and cognitive—shape organizational practices. In the halal context,

certification awareness acts as both a normative and cognitive mechanism that internalizes halal principles into

managerial behavior. Managers who understand the ethical, operational, and reputational implications of

certification are more likely to align their decisions with institutional expectations, leading to stronger halal

compliance. This study extends Institutional Theory by introducing certification awareness as a mediating

construct that converts external regulatory pressure into internalized managerial commitment. In contrast to the

Resource-Based View (RBV), which emphasizes internal competencies and capabilities as the basis for

competitive advantage, Institutional Theory better captures the external legitimacy pressures faced by halal-

compliant hotels. Nevertheless, the two perspectives converge when certification awareness is viewed as an

intangible resource that enhances organizational capability and market differentiation.

The discussion also highlights the ethical and behavioral dimensions of managerial commitment. Certification

awareness does not merely reflect procedural understanding but embodies an ethical orientation toward Shariah-

compliant governance. Managers who are aware of halal certification principles tend to demonstrate proactive

leadership, transparency, and accountability—traits associated with ethical leadership theory (Brown & Treviño,

2006). This alignment between ethical awareness and institutional conformity suggests that halal compliance is

sustained not only through external enforcement but also through internal moral conviction. The study, therefore,

positions managerial commitment as both a behavioral and ethical response to awareness, creating a reinforcing

cycle of compliance where institutional legitimacy and moral responsibility coexist.

Furthermore, the review emphasizes that achieving consistent halal compliance necessitates more than

managerial effort; it requires systemic policy and educational interventions. Empirical evidence from prior

studies (Zuhrah et al., 2025; Fathoni et al., 2025) indicates that training programs, financial support, and

stakeholder collaborations significantly enhance certification adoption rates. When hotels receive structured

support from regulatory bodies such as JAKIM or international halal authorities, managerial awareness

transforms into tangible operational changes—such as standardized procurement, segregation of kitchen

equipment, and Shariah-compliant supply chain management. This finding reinforces the argument that

certification awareness serves as the bridge between policy formulation and on-ground implementation,

anchoring managerial practices in both institutional legitimacy and market competitiveness.

Overall, this discussion consolidates the conceptual framework whereby Certification Awareness (MV) mediates

the relationship between Managerial Commitment (IV) and Halal Compliance (DV). The proposed model

advances theoretical understanding by linking institutional, ethical, and resource-based perspectives within a

unified narrative. It contributes to the hospitality and Islamic management literature by articulating how

awareness functions as a transformative mechanism that operationalizes values into compliance behavior.

Practically, it offers guidance for policymakers, educators, and industry leaders seeking to strengthen halal

governance through knowledge empowerment and value-driven leadership.

CONCLUSIONS

This conceptual study concludes that enhancing halal compliance in hotel kitchens depends significantly on the

interplay between managerial commitment and certification awareness, which serves as a mediating mechanism

translating institutional and ethical pressures into practical compliance behaviors. The narrative review reveals

that halal certification not only reinforces consumer trust and brand integrity but also functions as a strategic

asset that differentiates halal-compliant hotels in a competitive global market. Theoretically, this study advances

Institutional Theory by framing certification awareness as a normative and cognitive force that internalizes

external halal standards into managerial behavior, while also bridging insights from the Resource-Based View

and Ethical Leadership Theory to explain how awareness-driven commitment can generate sustainable

compliance. Practically, the study underscores the need for targeted training, continuous education, and stronger

policy coordination between regulatory bodies and the hospitality industry to cultivate halal literacy and

operational consistency. However, the study’s conceptual nature limits its empirical generalization, as it relies

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on secondary data and theoretical synthesis rather than primary evidence. Future research should empirically

validate the proposed framework using quantitative or mixed-methods approaches to examine the causal

relationships among certification awareness, managerial commitment, and halal compliance. Further

investigations could also explore cross-cultural differences and comparative analyses across Muslim and non-

Muslim majority countries to broaden the applicability of the framework. Overall, this study provides a

theoretically grounded and practically relevant foundation for enhancing halal governance and ethical

management practices within the hospitality sector.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Kedah State Research Committee, UiTM Kedah

Branch, for the generous funding provided under the Tabung Penyelidikan Am. This support was crucial in

facilitating the research and ensuring the successful publication of this article.

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