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International Conference on Islamic Contemporary Issues and Management 2025
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) | ISSN: 2454-6186
DOI: 10.47772/I0JRISS | ICICM 2025 - Conference Proceedings | Volume IX Issue XXIX November 2025
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The Reality of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology Usage in the
Teaching and Learning of Fiqh Ibadah Courses in Private Higher
Education Institutions (PHEIs)
Nor Musfirah Mohamad
1
, Amirah Izzati Omar
2
, Noorkartina Mohamad
3
, Nur Fatin Nabilah Shahrom
4
1,2
Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin
3
Fakulti Perniagaan dan Sains Pengurusan, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin
4
Akademik Pengajian Islam Kontemporari, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perlis Malaysia
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.92900011
Received: 17 November 2025; Accepted: 25 November 2025; Published: 17 December 2025
ABSTRACT
The use of artificial intelligence technology (Artificial Intelligence) is becoming more widespread and has an
impact on teaching and learning, including in the field of Shariah studies. Through the rapid growth in the field
of artificial intelligence, university students who study Fiqh Ibadah courses have the potential to benefit greatly
to obtain a more interesting and interactive learning experience. However, the use of AI in Fiqh Ibadah courses
is still doubtful in terms of effectiveness and the probability of information errors found. Thus, this study aims
to identify the reality of the use of artificial intelligence technology such as (ChatGPT) in learning Fiqh Ibadah
courses among students at Private Higher Education Institutions. The methodology of this study uses a
quantitative method approach by selecting sampling through the distribution of questionnaires involving a total
of 66 students of Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin International Islamic University (UniSIRAJ) and others. The findings
of the study found that there are pros and cons of using artificial intelligence in Shariah studies. Artificial
Intelligence technology can be a useful tool to improve the understanding of Fiqh Ibadah concepts in the digital
era, provide quick responses to student questions, and encourage discussions about certain topics. Therefore, the
use of AI needs to be monitored by teaching staff to ensure the integrity of the information and compatibility
with the traditional Fiqh learning approach. Finally, the implications of this study show that the use of AI
technology must be based on the principles of Islamic law.
Keywords: Reality; Technology; Artificial Intelligence; Fiqh Ibadah, Private Higher Education Institution
(PHEIs)
INTRODUCTION
Fiqh Ibadah includes rules and practices in worship such as ṭahārah (purification), ṣalāh (prayer), ṣawm (fasting),
zakāh (almsgiving), ‘umrah and ḥajj (pilgrimage), qurbān (sacrifice), ‘aqīqah (newborn offering), and others.
Understanding the theory and practice is important for effective learning. The method of learning Fiqh Ibadah
in previous times was different compared to now. The traditional method uses a manual and structured approach
that relies on direct contact between teachers and students through study classes and book resources. Traditional
approaches may not be enough to meet the needs of today's students (Hosni et al., 2023).
The development of technology to create artificial intelligence technology Artificial Intelligence (AI) has
changed the way of learning significantly (Nur Afiqah et al., 2024; Samsudin, et al., 2023). The method of
finding, exploring and understanding religious Fiqh has also changed significantly (Ubai et AI has evolved the
way we approach the study of Fiqh of worship and plays a role in facilitating the search for information on the
science of Fiqh of Worship. AI also opens up new opportunities for teaching and learning (T&L) without the
limitations of place and time (Sharifuddin& Hashim, 2024). Through the rapid growth in the field of artificial
intelligence, university students who study Fiqh Ibadah courses have the potential to benefit greatly to obtain a
more interesting and interactive learning experience (Norazlina et al., 2020).
However, the use of artificial intelligence technology i.e. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field of education
presents challenges from the point of view of fraud and plagiarism. This view is in line with Sani's (2023) study
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stating that worry and anxiety over the misuse of Chat GPT can lead to fraud and plagiarism among students
(Adawiah et al., 2023). Therefore, this study aims to identify the reality of the use of artificial intelligence
technology such as (ChatGPT) on the learning of Fiqh Ibadah courses among Private Higher Education
Institutions (PHEIs) students.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study uses a quantitative approach. Acquisition of data and information through the method of distribution
of questionnaires. This method can provide objective and measurable data on questions related to the reality and
challenges of using artificial intelligence technology in the teaching and learning (T&L) of Fiqh Ibadah courses
among Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) students. The instrument used in this study is a
questionnaire. Questionnaires are distributed to obtain feedback, data or information required from respondents.
This aims to get a true picture from the respondents and also facilitate the analysis process in obtaining research
results. Questionnaires were distributed to 66 students at Private Higher Education Institutions consisting of
UniSIRAJ, IPTIPs through social media platforms. The questionnaire of this study has two parts. First;
demographic information of respondents. Second; The questions presented encompass the reality of the
experience as well as the challenge of the respondents to the use of AI artificial intelligence technology in helping
to find information related to Fiqh Ibadah in teaching and learning. Next, the information data obtained is
analyzed through analytical methods using Spreadsheet software to achieve the outlined objective, which is to
identify the reality of the use of artificial intelligence technology for the learning of Fiqh Ibadah courses among
IPTS students.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
The findings of the study are the results of data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to target
students at Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs). The debate on the findings and the debate of the study
is divided into two themes which are first; Respondent demographics, second; The reality of using artificial
intelligence technology (AI) such as (ChatGPT) in the learning of Fiqh Ibadah courses among PHEIs students.
Further discussion in more detail is as follows:
Demographic Analysis / Respondents’ Background
Table 1. Demographic Analysis / Respondents’ Background
Item
FINDINGS
Justification
1 Gender
37 respondents- female (56.1%)
29 respondents- male students (43.9 %)
Female student population is more than
male students
2 Age
63 respondents (95.5%)- between 18 to 28
years 2 respondents (3%) -29 to 39 years 1
respondent (1.5%) -40 to 50 years
The majority of respondents aged between
18 to 28 years who took Fiqh Ibadah
courses in each program
3 Faculty
Faculty of Islamic Studies – 51 students
(79.7%)
Centre for Foundation Studies –
4 students (6.5%)
Faculty of Qur’an and Sunnah – 2 students
(3.2%)
Faculty of Islamic Finance and Muamalah –
1 student (1.6%)
Islamic Studies Faculty dominate while the
remaining 13 students are from various
other faculties..
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Faculty of Business and Management
Sciences – none
4Academic
Program
19 respondents (29.7%) – Bachelor of
Islamic Studies
12 respondents (17.2%) – Diploma in Islamic
Studies
12 respondents (17.2%) – Diploma in
Sharī‘ah
5 respondents (7.8%) – Bachelor of Sharī‘ah
(Islamic Economics)
9 respondents (14.1%) – Other programs
The majority of respondents gave feedback
that the program made the Fiqh Ibadah
course the core.
The majority of respondents are enrolled in
programmers where Fiqh al-‘Ibadah is a
core course.
Table 1 shows that there are a total of 66 respondents among PHEIs students who have responded to this study.
Four items consisting of gender, age, faculty and study program followed are a demographic analysis of the
respondents. The manifestation, the majority of respondents are women, aged 18 to 28 years from the Bachelor
of Islamic Studies program, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UniSIRAJ. No respondents represented the Faculty of
Business and Management Science because there is no Fiqh Ibadah related course in their program structure.
The Reality of The Use of Artificial Intelligence Technology (AI) Such As (ChatGPT) in The Learning of
Fiqh Ibadah Courses Among PHEIs Students
Research Findings and Debate The reality of the use of artificial intelligence technology (AI) such as (ChatGPT)
in the learning of Fiqh Ibadah courses among IPTS students is as follows:
Table 2. The reality of the use of artificial intelligence technology (AI) such as (ChatGPT) in the learning of
Fiqh Ibadah courses
Item
Justification/Debate
The use of AI is very beneficial
in T&L sessions
The majority agreed that the use of AI was
very useful and beneficial to them during
the T&L session. Only 2 respondents denied
that AI was directly beneficial. Technology
facilitates human affairs such as searching
for articles, writing, checking the credibility
of scientific writing, etc.
AI applications facilitate the
teaching and learning of Fiqh
Ibadah courses at Private
Higher Education Institutions
The majority gave feedback stating that AI
applications facilitate them in the teaching
and learning of Fiqh Ibadah courses.
However, a total of 12 respondents stated
otherwise.
Searching for information
related to Fiqh Ibadah using
man-made technology (AI)
A total of 53 people representing 80.3%
used man-made technology (AI) to find
information related to Fiqh Ibadah.
However, there are 5 respondents who say
they do not use it. This explains that most
students search for information using AI
because it is faster and faster, but a few do
not do in-depth research before receiving
the information.
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Frequency of using AI in
searching for information
related to Fiqh Ibadah
The researcher's research shows that 35
respondents have a frequency of use of 1 to
5 times because students have a special
reference book or a special module in the
T&L session throughout the lecture
following the course syllabus. They are only
looking for material for the assignment
given by the lecturer.
Summary of discussion on Table 2 shows that are the findings reveal that the majority of students perceive AI
as a beneficial and supportive tool in their learning of Fiqh al-‘Ibadah. Most respondents utilize AI platforms
such as ChatGPT to enhance their understanding, access references quickly, and assist with academic tasks
(Misnawati, 2023; Pontjowulan, 2023). Nevertheless, a minority expressed hesitation, likely due to concerns
about accuracy, overreliance, or ethical issues in AI use. Overall, the study indicates a positive trend in AI
adoption among students in Islamic studies, particularly in improving accessibility and learning engagement for
Fiqh al-‘Ibadah courses at Private Higher Education Institutions ((Sharifuddin& Hashim, 2024; Norazlina et al.,
2020).
Chapters in The Fiqh Ibadah Course Where Information Search is Made Using Man-Made Technology
(AI)
Figure 1: Chapters in the Fiqh Ibadah course where information search is made using man-made technology
(AI)
Figure 1 shows that the Hajj and Umrah chapter is the chapter with the highest recorded information search using
human-made technology (AI). This is clear based on a total of 39 respondents (59.1%) giving their feedback.
Researchers in this chapter require in-depth research on theoretical and practical aspects. Therefore, students
seek more information to increase their understanding. Even so, the researcher suggests that this chapter needs
a simulation or practical method to give a practical picture. Next, followed by the zakat chapter representing 38
respondents (57.6%), other chapters representing 35 respondents (53%) and the taharah chapter representing 30
respondents (45.5%). However, the fasting chapter recorded the lowest number of searches representing 26
respondents (39.4%). That being the case, researchers believe that fasting is more understandable because it is
done as a fardu ain on Muslim individuals who perform mukalaf every year.
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The Purpose of Using AI Applications in The Teaching And Learning of Fiqh Ibadah Courses
Figure 2 illustrates the various purposes for which students use Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications, such as
ChatGPT, in the teaching and learning (T&L) of the Fiqh Ibadah course. The data collected from respondents
shows the following distribution:
Figure 2: The purpose of using AI applications in the teaching and learning of Fiqh Ibadah courses
Figure 2 shows the purpose of using AI applications in the teaching and learning of Fiqh Ibadah courses at IPTS.
A total of 42 respondents (75%) stated that the main purpose was to do a written assignment given by the lecturer.
Next, looking for books or notes is the second highest purpose which is represented by 38 respondents (67.9%).
Followed by the preparation of slides or materials for presentations, represented by 36 respondents (64.3%). A
total of 20 respondents (35.7%) responded that the purpose of using the AI application for the Fiqh Ibadah course
was to create a video assignment. For answering quiz questions or tests representing 16 respondents (28.6%).
This is because the assessment is more clearly done face-to-face (Chokri, 2023). Only 7 respondents responded
that the purpose of the search was to create a simulation video. This is because this course has just changed, the
simulation assessment method is made through physical practice (Nugraha, Fahmi & Prakoso, 2023).
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded:
1. The majority of respondents agreed with the use of AI as very beneficial in T&L sessions, AI applications
facilitate the Teaching and Learning of Fiqh Ibadah Courses at Private Higher Education Institutions and
the search for information related to Fiqh Ibadah using man-made technology (AI). The frequency of
using AI in searching for information related to Fiqh Ibadah is dominated by one to 5 times. Chapter
Hajj and Umrah are the highest made using human-made technology (AI). The purpose of using AI
applications in the teaching and learning of Fiqh Ibadah courses is to create written assignments. This
shows the reality that happens in PHEIs
2. The field of education is entering a new phase in the effort to deal with academic integrity as society
navigates the second era of digital technology including ChatGPT. This application is very helpful for
students to generate written assignment texts and answer all kinds of questions in just a few minutes.
The emergence of ChatGPT provides many benefits to achieve the goals of developed and contemporary
countries. Of course, adapting the sophistication of this technology is difficult, especially in the field of
education such as Islamic studies, where the validity of the information must be emphasized.
3. Therefore, the use of ChatGPT as a learning tool ethically in completing scientific assignments, academic
writing, essay writing, etc. is not considered plagiarism. However, as a Muslim, you need to be careful
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with this application and always check to avoid wrong information and wrong references since the
founder of this technology is not a Muslim. Based on the harm that arises, the Muslim community should
be careful in the use of this technology. There is no doubt that this progress provides many benefits in
many aspects of life but if there are no limits or guidelines, it is feared that the authenticity of Islamic
knowledge will be disturbed and Muslims will be confused to distinguish between what is right and what
is wrong.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The highest appreciation and deepest gratitude are extended to the Research and Innovation Management Centre,
Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin (UniSIRAJ) for funding this research through the Short-
Term Grant Scheme (STG-102/2024) and for the continuous support provided throughout the implementation
of this study.
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