{"id":2029,"date":"2019-01-16T02:47:06","date_gmt":"2019-01-16T02:47:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/?page_id=2029"},"modified":"2019-08-15T11:26:29","modified_gmt":"2019-08-15T11:26:29","slug":"volume-iii-issue-i","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/digital-library\/volume-iii-issue-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume III Issue I"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2029\" class=\"elementor elementor-2029 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bd765b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bd765b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bd7958\" data-id=\"1bd7958\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bd7b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bd7b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Negligence of Primary School Education among the Orang Asli\u2019s Students of Hulu Terengganu<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nik Nur Azizah N.H., Nurunsaadah S. &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 01-04<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bd7e74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bd7e74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bd8083\" data-id=\"1bd8083\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bd822f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1bd822f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2911\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2912\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2913\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2914\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2915\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2916\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2911\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2911\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The community of Orang Asli Semaq Beri in Hulu Terengganu is still experiencing the negligence in education although a formal education system had been introduced on 1974. Thus, this research is done to study the contributing factors of inadvertency in education among them. This research utilised a few data collection methods in field study such as observation, participation observation, interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The data on the achievement of Orang Asli\u2019s students were taken to observe the negligence in education among them more precisely. The respondents were chosen among the teachers and students of Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Berua. The results of this study showed a few factors contributed to the negligence in education of Orang Asli\u2019s community. The factors identified can be classified into two; internal and external factor.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-04\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2912\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2912\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nik Nur Azizah N.H.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, 20300 Terengganu, Malaysia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nurunsaadah S.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, 20300 Terengganu, Malaysia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2913\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2913\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Mazdi, M., Jabil, M., &amp; Rosmiza, M. Z. (2014). Mengupas keciciran pelajar Orang Asli Malaysia: Suatu tinjauan ke dalam isu aksesibiliti sekolah. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 10(2), 189\u2013198.\r\n[2]. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2012). Laporan awal Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.\r\n[3]. Sektor Penilaian dan Peperiksaan. (2015). Keputusan Peperiksaan UPSR Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Berua. Jabatan Pelajaran Negeri Terengganu.\r\n[4]. Sektor Penilaian dan Peperiksaan. (2016). Keputusan Peperiksaan UPSR Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Berua. Jabatan Pelajaran Negeri Terengganu.\r\n[5]. Sektor Penilaian dan Peperiksaan. (2017). Keputusan Peperiksaan UPSR Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Berua. Jabatan Pelajaran Negeri Terengganu\r\n[6]. Zakaria, K., Mohd. Rasdi, S., &amp; Hajah Ramlah, Abd. Rahman Mazlan Zaharuddin, Mat Arof Mohd Hanifah, M. (2004). Lagu-lagu Tarian Sewang di Kalangan Masyarakat Orang Asli: Tinjauan Dari Aspek Intrinsik. Jabatan Pengajian Melayu, (Maktab Perguruan Tengku Ampuan Afzan).\r\n[7]. Abdullah, R., Acciaioli, G., Hafizah Ramle, N., &amp; Sukhairi Mat Rasat, M. (2014). Forest Significant and Conservation among the Semaq Beri Tribe of Orang Asli in Terengganu State, Malaysia. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Malaysia. Aust. J. Basic &amp; Appl. Sci., 8(87), 386\u2013395.\r\n[8]. Mohamad, N. (2006, Februari 13). Harian Metro. Ibu bapa Antara Penyebab Masalah Berat Badan Berlebihan: Artikel.\r\n[9]. Mohamad Johdi Bin Salleh, &amp; Abdul Razak Ahmad. (2009). Kesedaran pendidikan dalam kalangan masyarakat orang asli. Masyarakat Orang Asli: Perspektif Pendidikan Dan Sosiobudaya., 47\u201358.\r\n[10]. Pejabat Pentadbiran Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Berua, (2007).\r\n[11]. Yaakub, A. I., Mat, A. C., &amp; Pa Taib, M. (2012). Membina kemahiran pertuturan menerusi aktiviti lakonan dalam pengajaran bahasa arab. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 12(1), 325\u2013337.\r\n[12]. Sumarwati, S., &amp; Yunos, J. M. (2013). Tahap Kreativiti dalam Kalangan Pelajar Politeknik Metro, Politeknik Premier dan Politeknik Konvensional di Malaysia. International Conference On Management, (June), 212\u2013234.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2914\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2914\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nik Nur Azizah N.H., Nurunsaadah S. &#8220;Negligence of Primary School Education among the Orang Asli\u2019s Students of Hulu Terengganu&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.01-04 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/01-04.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2915\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2915\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/01-04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2916\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2916\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/negligence-of-primary-school-education-among-the-orang-aslis-students-of-hulu-terengganu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Negligence of Primary School Education among the Orang Asli\u2019s Students of Hulu Terengganu<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bd9366 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1bd9366\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bd9460 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bd9460\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bd97b6\" data-id=\"1bd97b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bdc976 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bdc976\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bdca6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bdca6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bdce57\" data-id=\"1bdce57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bdd0f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bdd0f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Role of Destination Branding in Enhancing Indian Tourism<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sabari Shankar &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 05-10<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bdd1cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bdd1cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bdd443\" data-id=\"1bdd443\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bdd5b1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1bdd5b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2921\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2922\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2923\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2924\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2925\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2926\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2921\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Indian tourism is likely to be the third largest tourism economy by 2028 and create 10 million jobs in Indian tourism sector. Statistics reports say that there is significant increase in the inflow of foreign tourists and domestic tourist visiting the destinations. This will upscale the economic growth, increase FDIs and generate new business avenues and thus it is predominant for destination marketers to analyses the significance of destination image in branding destination. This article is based on a wide research work on destination image, and an extract of the role of destination branding in enhancing Indian tourism has been portrayed. The areas carrying importance have been discussed theoretically.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 05-10\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2922\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sabari Shankar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPedagogical Research Associate, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, and Research Scholar, G.R. Damodaran Academy of Management, Coimbatore, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2923\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Sazal Sharma (2018), Travel and Tourism Sector Has A Bright Future In India: WTTC Report, https:\/\/blog.thevoiceofnation.com\/travel\/scope-of-tourism-in-india\/\r\n[2]. Tourism (2018), http:\/\/www.tradechakra.com\/indian-economy\/service-sector\/tourism-industry.html\r\n[3]. P. Sangeetha (2012), Scope of Tourism: Indian Perspectives, http:\/\/www.rroij.com\/open-access\/scope-of-tourism-indian-perspectives.php?aid=44988\r\n[4]. Destination Marketing: Burden or Opportunity for Tourism Sustainability? (2018), https:\/\/placebrandobserver.com\/category\/destination-branding\/\r\n[5]. Difference Between Destination Branding and Destination Marketing (2015), https:\/\/placebrandobserver.com\/difference-between-destination-branding-and-destination-marketing\/\r\n[6]. Destination branding: what it is and in which way hoteliers can benefit from it (2017), https:\/\/hotelbrand.com\/en\/destination-branding-what-it-is-and-which-way-hoteliers-can-benefit-from-it\/\r\n[7]. Lorraine Carter (2014), Destination Branding: The Key Essentials for Success, https:\/\/www.personadesign.ie\/destination-branding-the-key-essentials-for-success\/\r\n[8]. Destination branding. Stand alone. (2018), https:\/\/www.stealingshare.com\/pages\/destination-branding\/\r\n[9]. Annual Report: Ministries of Tourism (2018), http:\/\/tourism.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/annualreports\/Annual%20Report2017-18.pdf\r\n[10]. http:\/\/tourism.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/Other\/ITS_Glance_2018_Eng_Version_for_Mail.pdf\r\n[11]. Indian Tourism Statistics at a glance (2018), http:\/\/www.excitingindia.in\/scope-of-tourism-in-india\/\r\n[12]. Swati Mathur (2018), Report: India to be 3rd largest tourism economy in 10 years https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/report-india-to-be-3rd-largest-tourism-economy-in-10-years\/articleshow\/63421777.cms\r\n[13]. Smriti Chand (2018), Growth of Tourism in India: Its impact on Employment and Economic Development http:\/\/www.yourarticlelibrary.com\/tourism\/growth-of-tourism-in-india-its-impact-on-employment-and-economic-development\/14110\r\n[14]. International tourism arrivals hit record high in 2017, India leads growth in South Asia (2018), https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/industry\/services\/travel\/intl-tourism-arrivals-hit-record-high-in-2017-india-leads-growth-in-south-asia\/articleshow\/65648882.cms\r\n[15]. Tourism in India is booming, but why is everyone so worried? (2018) https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/business\/india-business\/tourism-in-india-is-booming-but-the-industry-wont-mind-it-slowing-down\/articleshow\/64879674.cms\r\n[16]. Types of Tourism, http:\/\/www.tamilnadutourism.org\/\r\n[17]. Indian Tourism Statistics Report 2018\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2924\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sabari Shankar &#8221; Role of Destination Branding in Enhancing Indian Tourism &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.05-10 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/05-10.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2925\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/05-10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2926\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/role-of-destination-branding-in-enhancing-indian-tourism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Role of Destination Branding in Enhancing Indian Tourism <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bde5ed elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1bde5ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bde702 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bde702\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bde8a4\" data-id=\"1bde8a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bdea00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bdea00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bdeac2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bdeac2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bdec51\" data-id=\"1bdec51\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bded94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bded94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bdee56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bdee56\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bdefcb\" data-id=\"1bdefcb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bdf10d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bdf10d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bdf1bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bdf1bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be25ec\" data-id=\"1be25ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be2774 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be2774\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Population Mobility and Dynamics of Street Vendors in Dar es Salaam and Coast Regions of Tanzania<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Michael John Haule &#8211; January 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 11-19<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be2846 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be2846\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be2a0f\" data-id=\"1be2a0f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be2b69 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1be2b69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2921\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2922\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2923\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2924\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2925\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2926\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2921\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Population mobility, particularly among street vendors, is experienced in all urban centres world over. Some of the movements include those from city centres outwards to the peri-urban and the adjacent rural areas. The reverse human movements are sometimes also vastly experienced but they are not a focus of this paper.\r\nIn the quest for knowledge about population migration and population mobility of street vendors from other regions of Tanzania to Dar es Salaam and Coast regions necessitated for an analysis to be done on the sources of migrations, i.e. regions from which they originated, through which they settled for the first time, call it transitional regions; to the permanent settlement areas, i.e. destination. The analysis was done by levels of education and types of business they engaged in.\r\nA survey was conducted in Dar es Salaam and the Coast regions among 100 street vendors in 10 centres located along the Morogoro road; whereby 10 respondents were interviewed at each centre. Data were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) deploying descriptive statistics.\r\nThe paper, therefore, seeks to identify the existing patterns of population mobility; and based on the characteristics of the migrants, who are street vendors, uncover the existing relationship between human population mobility and the pace of urbanization.\r\nThe main findings of the study indicated that mobility of street vendors was highly influenced by presence of business opportunities which enhanced urban growth denoted by emergence of urbanism. The mobility demonstrated a three stage process, i.e. moving away from the source, living in transitional centre (regional town) prior to moving to Dar es Salaam and Coast Region, i.e. destination. Dar es Salaam had the highest levels of street vendors\u2019 internal mobility with dominance of intra-urbanmobility. Men and women aged 30 years and above constituted the majority of the street vendors migrants in Tanzania.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 11-19\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2922\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Michael John Haule<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Institute of Accountancy Arusha, P.O Box 69007, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2923\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]. UNDP. (2010) Mobility and Migration: A Guidance Note for Human Development Report Teams. United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report Office.\r\n[2]. van Dijk. H., Foeken, D., and van Til, K. (2001) Population Mobility in Africa: An Overview. Retrieved from www.researchgate.ne\/publication\r\n[3]. Fielding, T. (2014) Population Mobility and Regional Development. Working Paper No. 74. Centre for Migration Research. University of Sussex.\r\n[4]. Mitullah, W. (2003) Street Vending in African Cities: A Synthesis of Empirical Findings from Kenya, Cote D\u2019Ivoire, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Uganda and South Africa. Background paper for the 2005 World Development Report. Retrieved from www.siteresources.worldbank.org\/ITNWDRS\/streetvending\r\n[5]. Bosworth, G. (2009) Education, Mobility and Rural Business Development. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. Vol. 16 Issue No. 4. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/&#8230;\/228947950_Education_mobility_and_rural_business\r\n[6]. Bosworth, G. (2006) Counterurbanization and Job Creation: Entrepreneurial In-migration and Rural Economic Development. Discussion Paper Series No. 4. Centre for Rural Economy. Retrieved from www.ncl.ac.uk\/media\/wwwnclacuk\/centreforruraleconomy\r\n[7]. Bhowmik, S. (2005) Street Vendors in Asia: A Review. Economic and Political Weekly. Vol. 40, No. 22\/23 pp. 2256-2264\r\n[8]. Msoka, C. (2007) Street Vending in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Dynamics behind Continuing Vulnerability. Living in the Margins Conference; Stellenbosch, 26-28 2017\r\n[9]. Lima, J. and Martins, A. (2012) Mobility among Latin American Migrants: The Case of Bolivians in Sao Paulo and Brazilians in London. Employee Relations Vol. 34 Issue 6 pp. 594-612\r\n[10]. Datta, K. (2009) \u201cTransforming South\u2013North Relations? International Migration and Development\u201d Geography Compass, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 108-34\r\n[11]. Glick Schiller, N. (2009) \u201cA Global perspective on migration and development\u201d. Social Analysis, Vol. 53 No. 3, pp. 14-37\r\n[12]. Malefakis, A. (2015) Beyond Informal Economy: Street vending as a Culturally Creative Practice in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A Paper presented at the RC21 International Conference on \u201cThe Ideal City: Between myth and Reality Representations, Policies, Contradictions and Challenges for tomorrow\u2019s urban life\u201d. Urbino (Italy) 27-29 August 2015. Retrieved from www.rc21.org\/enconference\/urbino2015\/\r\n[13]. Durand, J. and Massey, D. (2010) \u201cNew world orders: continuities and changes in Latin American migration\u201d, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 630 No. 1, pp. 20-52\r\n[14]. Castles, S. and Miller, M. (2009) The Age of Migration, Palgrave Macmillan, London.\r\n[15]. Margolis, M. (1994) Little Brazil: An Ethnography of Brazilian Migrants in New York City, Princeton University Press. Princeton, NJ.\r\n[16]. Piscitelli, A. (2008) \u201cLooking for New World: Brazilian Women as International Migrants\u201d Signs. Vol. 33. No. 4, pp.784-93\r\n[17]. Roth, J. (2002) Brokered Homeland: Japanese Brazilian Migrants in Japan, Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY.\r\n[18]. De Soto, H. (1989) The Other Path. New York: Harper and Row.\r\n[19]. Gilligan, J. (1987) \u201cVisitors, tourists and outsiders in a Cornish town\u201d in Bouquet, M. and Winter, M. (Eds) Who from their Labours Rest? Conflict and Practice in Rural Tourism, Avebury, Aldershot, pp.65-82\r\n[20]. Humnett, C. (1992) \u201cHouse-price differentials, housing wealth and migration\u201d in Champpion, A. and Fielding, A (Eds). Migration Processes and Patterns: Vol. 1 \u2013Research Progress and Prospects. Belhaven, London, pp. 55-64\r\n[21]. Bell, M. (1994) Childerley: Nature and Morality in a Country Village. University of Chicago: Chicago.\r\n[22]. Champion, A. (Ed). (1989)Counterurbanization. The changing Pace and Nature of Population Deconcentration, London, Edward and Arnold.\r\n[23]. Kalantaridis, K. and Bika, Z. (2006) In-migrant Entrepreneurship in Rural England: Beyond Local Embeddedness. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. Vol. 18. Issue 2. Retrieved from http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/08985620500510174\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2924\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Michael John Haule &#8220;Population Mobility and Dynamics of Street Vendors in Dar es Salaam and Coast Regions of Tanzania&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.11-19 January 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/11-19.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2926\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/population-mobility-and-dynamics-of-street-vendors-in-dar-es-salaam-and-coast-regions-of-tanzania\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Population Mobility and Dynamics of Street Vendors in Dar es Salaam and Coast Regions of Tanzania<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be3a1a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1be3a1a\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be3fc4\" data-id=\"1be3fc4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be40f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be40f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be4194 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be4194\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be42ea\" data-id=\"1be42ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be43fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be43fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be44a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be44a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be4600\" data-id=\"1be4600\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be4709 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be4709\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be47a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be47a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be4921\" data-id=\"1be4921\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be4a3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be4a3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Is Human Freedom Conditional?<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adilya Zhilgildina &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 20<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be4adb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be4adb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be641d\" data-id=\"1be641d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be65de elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1be65de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2921\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2922\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2923\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2924\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2925\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2926\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2921\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The philosophical concept of human freedom is a discussion mired in controversy and mystery, viewed as it is from both religious and scientific perspectives.\r\nGenetic and neurobiological research has shown our nature and behaviour to be governed by our brain processes and genetics. Psychologists and sociologists view our actions as somewhat mechanical, although done for real reasons of which we are unawareand which go beyond our conscious control.[1] The lack of scientific consensus as to whether human freedom results from nature or nurture encapsulates the philosophical concept of determinism, which reveals that both determine human behaviour.[2]<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 20\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2922\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adilya Zhilgildina<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2923\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Fitzgerald, D. J. (1963, July). Freedom, Determinism and Moral Responsibility. In Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association (Vol. 37, pp. 81-84)\r\n[2]. Baer, J. (2008). 16 Free Will Requires Determinism. Are We Free? Psychology and Free Will, 304\r\n[3]. Baer, J., Kaufman, J. C., &amp;Baumeister, R. F. (Eds.). (2008). Are we free? Psychology and free will. Oxford University Press\r\n[4]. Shakurym M. N.D. What is Behaviorism? Available at: https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/36731955\/What_Is_Behaviorism [Accessed: 13 June 2018]\r\n[5]. Frederick, D. (2013). Free will and probability. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 43(1), 60-77\r\n[6]. Baer, J. (2008). 16 Free Will Requires Determinism. Are We Free? Psychology and Free Will, 304\r\n[7]. Frederick, D. (2013). Free will and probability. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 43(1), 60-77\r\n[8]. Kane, R. (2005). A contemporary introduction to free will\r\n[9]. Qurbani, Q. (2017). Human Freedom and Moral Responsibility In The Light of Theistic Beliefs. Religious Inquiries, 6(11), 65-81\r\n[10]. Koons, R. C. (2002). Dual agency: aThomistic account of providence and human freedom. Philosophia Christi, 4(2), 397-411\r\n[11]. Bargh, J. A., and Earp, B. D. (2009). The will is caused, not \u2018free\u2019. Dialogue: Newsletter of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology.Vol 24 No 1, 13-15.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2924\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adilya Zhilgildina &#8220;Is Human Freedom Conditional?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.20 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/20.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2925\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2926\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/is-human-freedom-conditional\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Is Human Freedom Conditional?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be7531 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1be7531\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be7623 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be7623\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be77bc\" data-id=\"1be77bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be7900 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be7900\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be79ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be79ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be7b13\" data-id=\"1be7b13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be7c22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be7c22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be7cd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be7cd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be7e2f\" data-id=\"1be7e2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be7f46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be7f46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be7fe3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be7fe3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be8169\" data-id=\"1be8169\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be8289 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be8289\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Globalization: Is African Women\u2019s Reproductive Health Getting Better or Worse? The Nigerian Experience<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Titilayo Cordelia Orsaremi &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 21-27<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be832b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be832b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be84ab\" data-id=\"1be84ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be85e2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1be85e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2921\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2922\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2923\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2924\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2925\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2926\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2921\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Beyond the economy; information and communication technology; politics; and even cultural differences between nations human reproduction in Africa has much implications for women\u2019s participation in the process of globalization which is created and shaped by both gender. Accounting for social change in any human society implies a recognition of some relatively stable social and cultural elements. African women\u2019s participation in the process of globalization is, to a large extent determined by their traditional sex role and their reproductive health especially because child bearing remains a vital function of the women. At the same time, globalization is expected to help improve the general well-being of men and women as global citizens. Hence the gate-keeping role of the government of any nation in the process of globalization is critical. This paper examines and assesses the efforts of the Nigerian government towards ensuring the reproductive health of women and girls by tapping into global best practices; and ensuring women\u2019s active participation in the process of globalization. It uses the qualitative method, to analyse some indicators in the key reproductive health related policies, documents and practices in Nigeria against the recommendations of the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and other key international and regional instruments to which Nigerian is signatory. It evaluates the level and quality of implementation of these instruments and documents in order to ascertain the effects of the government\u2019s effort at enhancing Nigerian women\u2019s reproductive health and ensuring their valued contribution to the globalization process. The analysis reveals the negative effect of the lack of domestication of CEDAW on women\u2019s reproductive rights and reproductive health; a wide gap between existing policies and their implementation; and the resultant generally poor outcome of Nigerian women\u2019s reproductive health especially in the rural areas. In conclusion, the paper argues for a genuine domestication of international best practices in addressing the socio-cultural constraints to women\u2019s reproductive rights in Nigeria so as to achieve the desired women\u2019s reproductive health and increase their chances of actively contributing to the process of globalization from their little corners of the world no matter how remote.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 21-27\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2922\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Titilayo Cordelia Orsaremi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBaze University, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2923\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Centre for Reproductive Rights, protocol on the rights of women in Africa .(http:\/\/www.reproductiverights.org\/africa\/html)10 February 2018\r\n[2]. Centre for Reproductive Rights,\u2018Nigeria: laws and policies affecting their reproductive lives\u2019(http:\/\/www.reproductiverights.org\/africa\/nig\/html).26 May 2017.\r\n[3]. Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2001,National Reproductive Health Policy and Strategy to Achieve Quality Reproductive and Sexual Health for All Nigerians. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Health.\r\n[4]. Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2002,National Policy and Plan of Action on Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Health.\r\n[5]. Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2004,National Policy on Population for Sustainable Development. Abuja: National Population Commission.\r\n[6]. Gbadamosi, H.,\u2018Ondo remains the best in maternal health service-World Bank\u2019. (http:\/\/www.tribuneonlineng.com\/122429\/.27 June 2018.\r\n[7]. Inyang, B., 2007,\u2018Cross River bars women below 21 from marriage.\u2019Sunday Independent. May 13: A4.\r\n[8]. Muanya, C., 2016,\u2018Ondo records 75% reduction in maternal deaths.\u2019(https:\/\/guardian.ng\/news\/ondo-records-75-reduction-in-maternal-deaths\/). 23 May 2018.\r\n[9]. Onyeji, E.,\u2018Nigerian govt increases maternity leave to four months.\u2019 (https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/more-news\/271371-nigerian-govt-increase\u2026) 24 June 2018.\r\n[10]. Odey, I.&amp; Sanya, R., 2018,\u2018Obanliku, where girls are \u201cforced\u201d into marriage for food, money\u2019 https:\/\/www.channelstv.com\/2018\/05\/04\/money-marriage-an-ancient-obanliku-cultu&#8230; Accessed 4 July.\r\n[11]. National Population Commission [Nigeria] and ICF International, 2014,Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Rockville, Maryland, USA: National Population Commission and ICF International.\r\n[12]. Federal Government of Nigeria. Labour Act Chapter 198. Law of the Federation of Nigeria 1990. (http:\/\/www.nigeria-law.org\/LabourAct.htm). 25 June 2018.\r\n[13]. The Federal Ministry of Women Affairs &amp; Social Development, 2008,Nigeria: National 2013. Gender Policy Strategic Framework (Implementation Plan) Federal Republic of Nigeria 2008-2013, Abuja.\r\n[14]. National Population Commission (Nigeria) and ORC Macro (2004). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Maryland: National Population Commission and ORC Macro.\r\n[15]. Shiffman, J., 2007,\u2018Generating political priority for maternal mortality reduction in five developing countries.\u2019American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 9, No.5, pp. 796-803.\r\n[16]. Teriba, Y.,\u2018Presentation on the AU solemn declaration on gender equality in Africa.\u2019 A paper presented at the Technical Consultative Meeting on AU Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa in Addis Ababa, May 2005.\r\n[17]. Toma\u0161evski, K., 1998,\u2018Rights of Women from Prohibition to Elimination\u2019International Social Science Journal,Vol.L, No.4, pp. 545-548\r\n[18]. United Nations, Convention on All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). (http:\/\/www.CEDAW 29th Session 30 June to 25 July 2003.html.)10 July 2016.\r\n[19]. United Nations Development Fund for Women, 1995,Programme of Action of the Fourth World Conference on Women. New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women.\r\n[20]. United Nations Development Programme, 1998,National Baseline Survey of Positive and Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting Women and Girls in Nigeria. Lagos: United Nations Development Programme.\r\n[21]. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2007, Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children, (www.unhchr.ch\/html). 24 March 2018.\r\n[22]. United Nations Population Fund, 1994,Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. New York: United Nations Population Fund.\r\n[23]. United Nations Population Fund, 1994,International Conference on Population and Development: Programme of Action. New York: United Nations Population Fund.\r\n[24]. United Nations Population Fund, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, World Bank, World Health Organization, International Planned Parenthood Federation and The Population Council, 1997,The Safe Motherhood Action Agenda: Priorities for the Next Decade. New York: Safe Motherhood Inter-Agency Group.\r\n[25]. United Nations Population Fund, 2005,ICPD at Ten: The World Reaffirms Cairo: Official Outcomes of the ICPD at Ten Review. New York: United Nations Population Fund.\r\n[26]. World Bank, 2017, Development Indicators (https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/nigeria\/population-growth-annual-percent-wb-data.html). 10 February 2017\r\n[27]. World Health Organization, 2000,World Health Report 2000. New York: World Health Organization.\r\n[28]. World Health Organization,(http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/the-top-10-causes-of-death). 24 May 2018.\r\n[29]. World Poverty Clock,(https:\/\/worldpoverty.io\/). 26 June 2018\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2924\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Titilayo Cordelia Orsaremi &#8220;Globalization: Is African Women\u2019s Reproductive Health Getting Better or Worse? The Nigerian Experience&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.21-27 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/21-27.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2925\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/21-27.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2926\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/globalization-is-african-womens-reproductive-health-getting-better-or-worse-the-nigerian-experience\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Globalization: Is African Women\u2019s Reproductive Health Getting Better or Worse? The Nigerian Experience<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be9889 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1be9889\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1be9d01 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1be9d01\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1be9e69\" data-id=\"1be9e69\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be9f7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be9f7c\" 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bea29a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bea33a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bea33a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bea49c\" data-id=\"1bea49c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bea5b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bea5b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bea659 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bea659\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bea7b0\" data-id=\"1bea7b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bea8c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bea8c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bea968 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bea968\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1beaac5\" data-id=\"1beaac5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bed91d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bed91d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1beda73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1beda73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bedc5f\" data-id=\"1bedc5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bedda2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bedda2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Problems of Juridical in the Implementation of Housing Procurement Agreement Between Developer And Consumers in Kartasura<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Novendri Amiruddin, Moch Najib Imanullah, Yudho Taruno Muryanto &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 28-34<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bede58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bede58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bedfdd\" data-id=\"1bedfdd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bee125 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1bee125\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2921\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2922\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2923\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2924\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2925\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2926\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2921\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2921\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study has purpose to examine and analyze juridical problems in the implementation of housing procurement agreements between developers and consumers. The research method in this study was empirical legal research, by conducting research on legislation related to the application of practices in the community, in the context of housing purchases through developers with the community. The results of the study concluded that in buying and selling houses between developers and consumers must be based on strict and open laws starting from brochures or information about home sales, in the initial implementation of the agreement in the form of Deed of Sale and Purchase Agreement to be made by and before public officials continued until the name behind the stage before the Land Deed Maker Officer (PPAT). However, there were still many obstacles in the practice that developers do not fulfill the principle of legal certainty and the high demand for housing by the community. The phenomenon that occurs is the buyer still lacks understanding and does not know his rights as a buyer or consumer. Thus it is necessary to increase the quality of services and clear and explicit information from the Developer\/ developer to buyers or consumers so that there are no more things consumers are harmed.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 28-34\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2922\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2922\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Novendri Amiruddin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMaster Program of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Moch Najib Imanullah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer Master Program of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yudho Taruno Muryanto<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer Master Program of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2923\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2923\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Books\r\n[1]. Abdul Hakim Barkatullah, Consumer Rights, Bandung, Nusa Media, page.5.\r\n[2]. Edmon Makarim, Compilation of Telecommunications Law, Jakata, PT.Raja Grafindo Persada 2003.page.24\r\n[3]. Koesno Wirjadi, The Importance of House for Living, ctk1, Bandung, Pasundan, 2008, page 8\r\n[4]. Jhon M Enchlos dan Hasan Sadily, Inggris Indonesia Dictionary, Gramedia, Jakarta, 1990\r\n[5]. Nasution Az,Consumer and Law, Pustaka Sinar Harapan, Jakarta, 1995, Pustaka Sinar Harapan, page.73\r\n[6]. Sudaryatmo, Tips for Avoiding Problematic Housing, Jakarta: Piramedia, 2004, page.1\r\n[7]. Sri Soedewi Masjchun Sofwan, 1982. Building Law of Building Contract Agreement, Liberty Yogyakarta, page. 103\r\n[8]. Sukirman, Restrictions on Freedom of Contract, Bandung, Nusa Media, page.53\r\n[9]. Sutan Remi Syadeni, Freedom to contract and balanced protection for parties in credit agreements in Indonesia, Jakarta Institut Bankir Indonesia, 1994, page.66\r\n[10]. Shidarta, Indonesian consumer protection law, Edisi revisi, Jakarta, Grasindo 2004, page.112\r\n[11]. Shofie, Consumer protection and legal instruments, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2000, page 74\r\n[12]. Soerjono Soekanto, Introduction to Legal Research, Jakarta, UII Pres\r\n[13]. Uris Santoso, Legal for Housing, Prana Media Group, Jakarta, 2014 page.4\r\nInternet\r\n[14]. www.landasanteori.com\/2015\/10\/pengertian -developer-devinisi-hak.html?m=1 diunduh pada tanggal 29-09,2017\r\nJournal\r\n[15]. Agus Rahmansah Permana, \u201c Land and Building Sale and Purchase by the Developer that contains will defects in the Perspective of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection\u201d, Journal Agus Barudocx page.24\r\n[16]. Agus Satory, \u201c Standard Agreement and Consumer Protection in Financial Services and Implementation Business Transactions in Indonesia\u201d, Journal of Padjajaran Legal Science, Volume 2, Number 2, Year 2015, page.22\r\n[17]. Arina Ratna Paramita, Yunanto, Dewi Hendrawati, \u201c Default in the Agreement to Bind Land and Building Sale (Research Study in Semarang Development), Diponegoro Law Journal, Vol.5, No.3, 2016, page.10\r\n[18]. Dolfi Sandag, \u201cLegal Protection for Consumers on Housing Developers in the Perspective of Law Number 1 of 2011\u201d, Jurnal Lex et Societatis, Vol.III, Number 2, Edition 2, March 2015, Page.14\r\n[19]. Lippsmeier dan Wahyu Nuswantoro, \u201c Analysis of the types of damage in residential buildings &#8220;, engineering design journal volume 11 Number 1 in June 2010, analysis of types of damage to residential buildings, Palangkaraya Press State University, Palangkaraya, page 4.\r\n[20]. M Zulmi Tafrichan, Yudho Taruno Muryanto, Consumer Protection On Marketing Of Housing Property With Project Selling Sistem In PT. Menara Santosa Surakarta, International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol 16, Issued on August 5, 2018, p 135.\r\n[21]. Widharto Ishak, \u201cLegal Review of Housing Purchase Standard Contracts that Contain Exoneration Clause\u201d, Journal of Legal Science Legal Opinion, Edition 4, Volume 3, 2014, p.8\r\nLegal Regulations\r\n[22]. Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Housing Areas\r\n[23]. Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection\r\n[24]. Civil Code\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2924\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2924\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Novendri Amiruddin, Moch Najib Imanullah, Yudho Taruno Muryanto &#8220;Problems of Juridical in the Implementation of Housing Procurement Agreement Between Developer And Consumers in Kartasura&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.28-34 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/28-34.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2925\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2925\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/28-34.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2926\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2926\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/problems-of-juridical-in-the-implementation-of-housing-procurement-agreement-between-developer-and-consumers-in-kartasura\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Problems of Juridical in the Implementation of Housing Procurement Agreement Between Developer And Consumers in Kartasura<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bef08f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line 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elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bef567\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bef6c6\" data-id=\"1bef6c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bef7ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bef7ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bef896 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bef896\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bef9ef\" data-id=\"1bef9ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1befaf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1befaf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1befba7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1befba7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1befcfd\" data-id=\"1befcfd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1befe18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1befe18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1befeb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1befeb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bf0034\" data-id=\"1bf0034\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf0152 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bf0152\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><i>Boko Haram<\/i> Cross-Border Insurgency and Humanitarian Situation in South-eastern Niger Republic<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Labbo Abdullahi and Umar Farouk Mohammed- January 2019 Page No.: 35-40<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bf01f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bf01f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bf1d21\" data-id=\"1bf1d21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf1f2d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1bf1f2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2931\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2931\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2932\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2932\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2933\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2933\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2934\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2934\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2935\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2935\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2936\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2936\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2931\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2931\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2931\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i>Boko Haram<\/i> started as a local group operating within the boundaries of Borno State in Nigeria. Not quite long, the group transformed into a regional insurgent organisation with global linkages and funding. The phenomenon became a trans-national disaster within the region of the Lake Chad Basin, especially across Nigeria-Niger border. The north-eastern Nigerians (Borno and Yobe States) and south-eastern Nigeriens (Diffa and Zinder Regions) were seriously affected by the activities of the group across borderlines. Hundred thousands of people were displaced; and consequently, the problems of refugees, internally displaced persons and returnees in Diffa and Zinder became humongous. Through content analysis of the existing literature and oral data, this paper examined humanitarian crisis in Diffa and Zinder consequent on cross-border insurgency. It is observed that, there are linkages between <i>Boko Haram<\/i> insurgency and humanitarian crisis in Diffa on one hand, and humanitarian problems in Zinder, on the other. The paper discovered that between 2015 and 2017, more than 252,305 Nigerians and Nigeriens have been in Diffa and Zinder suffering from the stigmatization of refugees, internally displaced persons and returnees. It is equally observed that, little of the needed humanitarian interventions have been achieved; because, the interventions by the Governments of Nigeria and Niger are not commensurate with the sufferings of the <i>Boko Haram<\/i> victims in Diffa and Zinder. Therefore, the paper calls for a Nigeria-Niger Inter-governmental Humanitarian Agency to cater for the needs of the victims.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 35-40\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2932\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2932\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2932\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Labbo Abdullahi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of History, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Umar Farouk Mohammed<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDivision of General Studies, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aleiro Kebbi State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2933\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2933\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2933\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aliyu, M. (17th November, 2018). Age 50 Years. Interview, at his Residence in Maiduguri, Borno State: Nigeria.\r\n[2]. Bagu, C. (2017). \u2018Humanitarian Crisis in the North-east in the Pre and Post-Lafiya Dole Era: A Civil Society Perspective\u2019. (Ashafa, A.M. and Jibrin H., eds.). The Nigeria Army in A Democracy since 1999: A Professional Demonstration of Military Subordination to Civil Authority\u2019. Essays in Honour of Lieutenant General Tukur Yusufu Buratai. Pyla-Mak Services: Kaduana.\r\n[3]. Carrion, A. et\u2019al. (February, 2018). \u2018Young and on the Move in West Africa\u2019. Research Supported by Mixed Migration Centre (MMC) and Save the Children Spain.\r\n[4]. Crisis Group Africa Report No 245, (27th February, 2017). \u2018Niger and Boko Haram: Beyond Counter-Insurgency.\r\n[5]. DICKO, A. et\u2019al. (2016). Youth Violence and the Challenge of Extremism in Zinder. A Publication of IOM: UN Migratory Agency.\r\n[6]. Ibrahim, Y.I. (2014). \u2018Niger in the Face of Sahelo-Saharan Islamic Insurgency: Precarious Stability in a Troubled Neighbourhood\u2019. Sahel Research Group Working Paper No. 004. University of Florida.\r\n[7]. International Organization for Migration, (2017). \u2018IOM Regional Appeal Lake Chad Basin June, 2016 \u2013 June, 2017\u2019.\r\n[8]. IOM-Niger, (2017). IOM-Niger: \u2018Return Intentions and Socio-economic Opportunities in the Diffa Region\u2019. Study Supported by the Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration (BPRM).\r\n[9]. IOM-Nigeria (2015b), \u2018Nigeria, Crisis IOM Regional Assessment Findings and Recommendations\u2019. 23 January- 06 February, 2015.\r\n[10]. IOM-Nigeria, (2015a). \u2018Irregular Migration between West Africa, North Africa and the Mediterranean\u2019. Abuja. November, 2015.\r\n[11]. Kyari, M. (2017). \u2018Historical Perspectives on the Boko Haram Insurgency\u2019. (Ashafa, A.M. and Jibrin H., eds.). The Nigeria Army in A Democracy since 1999: A Professional Demonstration of Military Subordination to Civil Authority\u2019. Essays in Honour of Lieutenant General Tukur Yusufu Buratai. Pyla-Mak Services: Kaduana.\r\n[12]. Nigeria Regional Refugee Response Plan, 2016\r\n[13]. Nuhu, A. (2017). \u2018The Management of Humanitarian Crisis Arising From the Boko Haram Insurgency: the Role of National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)\u2019. (Ashafa, A.M. and Jibrin H., eds.). The Nigeria Army in A Democracy since 1999: A Professional Demonstration of Military Subordination to Civil Authority\u2019. Essays in Honour of Lieutenant General Tukur Yusufu Buratai. Pyla-Mak Services: Kaduana.\r\n[14]. Taiwo, A.A. (2016). \u2018Security Implications of Boko Haram Insurgency for Nigeria and Niger Republic Diplomatic Relations (2009-2015). M.Phil Dissertation. ABU, Zaria: Nigeria.\r\n[15]. UNICEF, (2016). \u2018Annual Report\u2019. Niger, (the Republic of).\r\n[16]. UNOCHA, (2016). \u2018Niger: Attacks and Population Movements in Diffa Region, (as at June, 2016. Partial Figures from the Government, May\/June, 2016.\r\n[17]. UNOCHA, (2017). \u2018Niger-Diffa: Access, Insecurity and Population Movement\u2019. July, 2017.\r\n[18]. UNOCHA, (2018). Niger-Diffa: Access, Insecurity and Population Movements (March, 2018)\r\n[19]. USAID, (January, 2017). \u2018Lake Chad Basin- Complex Emergency Fact Sheet 6, Fiscal Year (FY) 2017\u2019.\r\n[20]. WFP, (2017). \u2018WFP Response in Diffa Factsheet\u2019.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2934\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2934\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2934\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Labbo Abdullahi and Umar Farouk Mohammed&#8221;<i>Boko Haram<\/i> Cross-Border Insurgency and Humanitarian Situation in South-eastern Niger Republic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.35-40 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/35-40.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2935\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2935\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2935\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/35-40.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2936\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2936\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2936\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/boko-haram-cross-border-insurgency-and-humanitarian-situation-in-south-eastern-niger-republic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i>Boko Haram<\/i> Cross-Border Insurgency and Humanitarian Situation in South-eastern Niger Republic<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf2e1b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1bf2e1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bf2f12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bf2f12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bf30bc\" data-id=\"1bf30bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf31e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bf31e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bf32ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bf32ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bf3419\" data-id=\"1bf3419\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf352c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bf352c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bf35d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bf35d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bf3747\" data-id=\"1bf3747\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf386c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bf386c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Adult Literacy Uncovered and the Need for Equal Educational Opportunity for All <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Muhammad Alkali &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 41-44<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bf390e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bf390e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bf3a77\" data-id=\"1bf3a77\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf3ba8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1bf3ba8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2931\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2931\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2932\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2932\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2933\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2933\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2934\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2934\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2935\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2935\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2936\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2936\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2931\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2931\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2931\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Nigeria is signatory to the universal declaration on human rights which listed among other things the right to educate as one of the fundamental right of citizens. Right from our national policy on education to the government and societies general attitudes to special adults in the literary arrangement, there is a glaring deficiency and lack of commitment in carrying these segments of our neglected society along. Available statistics shows that the segment accounts for over 25 million, which shows that this mass of citizens had all this while been neglected, abandoned and prevented from contributing to the socio economic development of the nation, rather they are made of no relevance and a menace to the society, to the shame of a great country like Nigeria. This paper therefore seeks to draw the attention of government, the society and all concerned to the need to redress this anomaly and rather turn this ugly trend to the benefit of those concerns and the nation in general.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 41-44 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2932\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2932\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2932\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Alkali<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Adult Education and Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2933\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2933\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2933\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. World Development Index Report 2017; Population of person with disability, Nigerian disable population report Nigeria; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\r\n[2]. A New Agenda for Education in Fragile States 2017, Reports. World Conference on Education for All. Declaration on Education for all and frame work for action to meet the basic learning needs.\r\n[3]. UNESCO 2016 Convening of the Sixty International Conference on Adult Education, executive Boar paper, Retrieved on 30-10-2017 from http\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/courier\/Education.\r\n[4]. International Conference on the Right to Basic Education as Fundamental Human Right and the Legal Right and the Legal Frame Work for its Financing, Yakarta Indonesia.\r\n[5]. 1st December 2005 Reports. World Conference on Education for All. Jomtie 1990 Declaration on Education for all and frame work for action to meet the basic learning needs.\r\n[6]. Omolewa M. 2006 Cross Over unto the other side valedictory lecture. Delivered at University of Ibadan, Spectrum Books Ltd Ibadan\r\n[7]. http:\/www.unesco.org\/en\/courier\/Education on 30\/10\/2007. Speech by president Vicante Fox Quesade at the inauguration of the E (Ministerial Reviews Meeting in Monetary Mexico) February 14 2006.\r\n[8]. Aderinoye R.A (2002) Literacy Assessment Practice (LKAP) in selected developing countries, Nigeria Case Study ILI\/UNESCO expert meeting Retrieved on 30-October-2007 from http:\/www.unesco.org\/en\/courier\/Education.\r\n[9]. National Policy on education 3rd Education Federal Republic of Nigeria (1998) NERDC Yaba Lagos Nigeria.\r\n[10]. Kolo I. (2002) Meeting the Adult Educational Need of Society groups in Society, invited paper for the Arewa House on Revitalizing Adult Education in Northern Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2934\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2934\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2934\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Muhammad Alkali &#8220;Adult Literacy Uncovered and the Need for Equal Educational Opportunity for All&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.41-44 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/41-44.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2935\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2935\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2935\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/41-44.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2936\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2936\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2936\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/adult-literacy-uncovered-and-the-need-for-equal-educational-opportunity-for-all\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adult Literacy Uncovered and the Need for Equal Educational Opportunity for All <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c00b7f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c00b7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c00c6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c00c6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c00e14\" data-id=\"1c00e14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c00f4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c00f4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c00ff3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c00ff3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c01164\" data-id=\"1c01164\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0127e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c0127e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c01327 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c01327\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c014c1\" data-id=\"1c014c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c015f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c015f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c01693 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c01693\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c0181a\" data-id=\"1c0181a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0193e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c0193e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of Education Policy with Reference to Teacher Education using BOS Framework: An Example<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Amina Noor &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 45-53<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c019e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c019e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c01b77\" data-id=\"1c01b77\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c01cb3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c01cb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2931\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2931\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2932\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2932\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2933\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2933\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2934\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2934\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2935\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2935\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2936\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2936\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2931\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2931\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2931\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study serves an example for researchers to use the concept of Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) in the analysis of education policy. To simplify the method, the study delimited and investigated the directives for teacher education and training from the policy documents. To ensure a consistent, the study first identified some factors on adapting six paths of the first principle of BOS along with three set rules for interpretation. The second analyzed sample policy documents after testing on previous education policy. The analysis reveals that many policy directives were in line with BOS, e.g., inter-provincial collaboration across the training institutions, assessment of teachers\u2019 needs, standards, quality of material, incentives, specialized and diverse practice-based training. The planning of these training should be on relevance, curriculum based and a continued process. The participation of stakeholders, community, donors and public-private partnership is also recommended to maintain the quality and resources for training.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 45-53 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2932\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2932\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2932\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Amina Noor<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational Skill University, Islamabad, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2933\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2933\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2933\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. Academy for Educational Development [AED] &amp; USAID. (2006). Performance Gap analysis and Training Needs Assessment of Teacher Training Institutions in Pakistan. Islamabad: USAID &amp; Ministry of Education.\r\n[2]. Academy for Educational Development [AED] &amp; USAID. (2007). Pakistan Teacher Education And Professional Development Program. Islamabad: http:\/\/pdf.usaid.gov\/pdf_docs\/Pnadi362.pdf.\r\n[3]. Ahmed, J., Kothari, &amp; Gul. (2016). A Researched case study on Blue Ocean Strategy Implementation . Asian Management Research and Case Conference, Dubai, https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/319979187.\r\n[4]. Ali, S. (2013). Pakistan: Target revision in education policy . In M.-e.-R. Ahmed (Ed.),Education in West Central Asia, pp. 163-177 , London: Bloomsbury. http:\/\/ecommons.aku.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1231&amp;context=book_chapters.\r\n[5]. Ali, T. (2011). Understanding how practices of teacher education in Pakistan compare with the popular theories and theories and narrative of reform of teacher education in international context. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1 (8). Retrieved on July 7, 2015 from https:\/\/ecommons.aku.edu\/pakistan_ied_pdck\/84\/.\r\n[6]. Alif Ailaan. (2015). The Voice Of Teachers. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.alifailaan.pk\/voice_of_teachers\r\n[7]. Alsubaie, M. A. (2016). Curriculum Development: Teacher Involvement in Curriculum Development . Journal of Education and Practice Journal of Education and Practice , 7 (9), pp. 106-107, ISSN 2222-288X (Online). https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/EJ1095725.pdf.\r\n[8]. ASER Pakistan Secretariat &amp; ITA. (2013). Annual Status of Education Report. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.aserpakistan.org\/document\/aser\/2013\/reports\/national\/ASER_National_Report_2013.pdf\r\n[9]. Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership [AITSL]. (2015). 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Effectiveness of Teachers Transformational Leadership Style on Students&#8217; Academic Achievement . Pakistan Journal of Education, 1-18.\r\n[14]. Chalmers, D. (2008). Teaching and Learning Quality Indicators in Australian Universities. The OECD\u2019s Higher Education Management and Policy Journal, http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/site\/eduimhe08\/41216416.pdf.\r\n[15]. Dancy, M., &amp; Henderson, C. (2007). A Framework for articulating instructional practices and conceptions. Physical Review Special Topics: Physics Education Research, 3(1), DOI: 10.1103\/PhysRevSTPER.3.010103, 1-15.\r\n[16]. Field, H. (1979). Competency Based Teacher Education (CBTE): A Review of the Literature. Journal of In-Service Education, 6 (1), 39-42, DOI: 10.1080\/0305763790060109.\r\n[17]. Fischer, F., Miller, G. J., &amp; Sidney, M. S. (2007). Handbook of Public policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods. New York: CRC Press, Taylor &amp; Francis Group.\r\n[18]. Government of Balochistan. (2013). Balochistan Education Sector Plan -2013-2017. Quetta: Policy Planning and Implementation Unit, Department of Education .\r\n[19]. Government of Balochistan. (2013). Balochistan Teacher Education Strategy 2013-2018. Quetta: Government of Balochistan &amp; USAID.\r\n[20]. Government of KhyberPakhtunkhwa. (2012). Education Sector Plan 2010-2015. http:\/\/www.kpese.gov.pk\/Downloads\/Education%20Sector%20Plan.pdf: Elementary and Secondary Education Department.\r\n[21]. Government of Malaysia. (2016). The Eleventh Malaysia Plan, 2016-2020. Retrieved from Economic Planning Unit: http:\/\/epu.gov.my\/en\/rmk\/eleventh-malaysia-plan-2016-2020\r\n[22]. Government of Pakistan. (1998). National Education Policy 1998-2010,. Islamabad: Ministry of Education.\r\n[23]. Government of Pakistan. (2009). National Education Policy . Islamabad: Ministry of Education.\r\n[24]. Government of Pakistan. (2014). Economic Survey of Pakistan 2013-2014. Islamabad: Ministry of Finance .\r\n[25]. Government of Sindh. (2013). Sindh Education Sector Plan 2013-2016. Education and Literacy Department, Sindh.\r\n[26]. Hassan, U. M. (2008). An Analytical Study of Human Resource Development Through Inservice Teachers Training and Development. (PhD thesis). Islamabad: National University of Modern Languages. http:\/\/prr.hec.gov.pk\/Thesis\/670S.pdf.\r\n[27]. Hollensen, S. (2013). The Blue Ocean that Disappeared \u00e2\u20ac \u201cThe Case of Nintendo Wii\u201d . Journal of Business Strategy, 34 (2), pp 25-35. http:\/\/centres.insead.edu\/blue-ocean-strategy\/strategy-articles\/academic.cfm.\r\n[28]. Hutabarat, W. (2015). Investigation of Teacher Job-Performance Model:Organizational Culture, Work Motivation and Job-Satisfaction. Asian Social Science, Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education. 11(18), ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025, doi:10.5539\/ass.v11n18p295.\r\n[29]. Ischinger, B. (2009). Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environments. OECD\u2019s Teaching and Learning International Survey. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.\r\n[30]. \u0130\u015eMAN, A. (2011). Instructional Design in Education: New Model. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (TOJET), 10 (1), pp. 136-142. https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/EJ926562.pdf.\r\n[31]. Jones, D. L. (2010). Developing a Convention and Event Management Curriculum in Asia: Using Blue Ocean Strategy and Co-Creation with Industry. Journal of Convention &amp; Event Tourism, 11 ( 2): 154-158. http:\/\/centres.insead.edu\/blue-ocean-strategy\/stra.\r\n[32]. Khan, A. S. (2015). Assessment of the Performance of the Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training June2013toJune2014. Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency &#8211; PILDAT.\r\n[33]. Khan, S. (2006). Role of school management committee in strengthening relationships between the school and local community in a community based school in Pakistan. Dissertation. Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. http:\/\/ecommons.aku.edu\/theses_dissertations\/174\/.\r\n[34]. Kim, C., &amp; Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy. Harvard Business Review Press.\r\n[35]. Malik, A. A., &amp; Behlol, M. (2014). Identification of the factors of quality teacher training and development of a Model program in Pakistan . VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 5 (2). 1-15.\r\n[36]. Malik, A. B., Amin, N., Ahmad, K., Mukhtar, E. M., Saleem, M., &amp; Kakli, M. B. (2014). Pakistan Education for All Review Report 2015. Islamabad: Ministry of Education, Trainings and Standards in Higher Education &amp; Academy of Educational Planning and Management.\r\n[37]. Martina, K., Summers, D., &amp; Sjerps-Jones, H. (2007). Sustainability and teacher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, Vol. 31(4), pp. 351\u2013362.\r\n[38]. Mills, R. J., &amp; Kelly, F. (2012). E-Learning as a Career Path in Information Systems Curricula: A Blue Ocean Opportunity. American Journal of Business Education, 5 (2): 103-114. http:\/\/centres.insead.edu\/blue-ocean-strategy\/strategy-articles\/aca.\r\n[39]. Ministry of Education. (2009). National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan. http:\/\/unesco.org.pk\/education\/teachereducation\/files\/National Professional Standards for Teachers.pdf.\r\n[40]. Ministry of Science and Technology. (2012). National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan.\r\n[41]. Noor, A. (2018). Formulation of Key Performance Indicators on the Basis of Blue Ocean Strategy for Managing In-Service Teacher Training Institutions in Pakistan. Thesis of Doctor of Philosophy, Islamabad: Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University.\r\n[42]. Noor, A., Rifat, Q., &amp; Huma, A. (2016). Analysis of Management Support and Teaching Practices for the Implementation of New Elementary Science Curriculum in Islamabad Model Schools. Science, Technology and Development, Vol 35 (1) :6-15, ISSN 0254-6418 \/ DOI: 10.3923\/std.2016.6.15.\r\n[43]. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. (2012). OECD Indicators of Education System. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. www.oecd.org\/edu.\r\n[44]. Rose, M. (2018, July 19). Teachers need to build strong relationships with school stakeholders. Retrieved from Business Mirror: https:\/\/businessmirror.com.ph\/byline\/rose-macapulay\/\r\n[45]. Savage, C., &amp; Brommels, M. (2008). Innovation in Medical Education: How Linkoping Created a Blue Ocean for Medical Education in Sweden. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/carlsavage\r\n[46]. Straub, D. W. (2009). Creating Blue Oceans of Thought via Highly Citable Articles. MIS Quarterly Journal, 33(4) : pp. 3-7. http:\/\/centres.insead.edu\/blue-ocean-strategy\/strategy-articles\/academic.cfm.\r\n[47]. UNESCO &amp; ITA. (2013). Status of Teachers in Pakistan. Lahore: Idara-e- Taleem-o-Aagahi. Retrieved from http:\/\/unesco.org.pk\/education\/documents\/2014\/publications\/Status_of_Teachers_in_Pakistan.pdf\r\n[48]. Villegas-Reimers, E. (2003). Teacher professional development: an international review of the literature. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning. http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/iiep.\r\n[49]. Whitehead, J. (2009). Self-study, Living Educational Theories, and the Generation of Educational Knowledge. Studying Teacher Education, Vol. 5, No. 2, http:\/\/www.actionresearch.net\/writings\/jwselfstudyjournal1109.pdf, 107\u2013111.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2934\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2934\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2934\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Amina Noor &#8220;Analysis of Education Policy with Reference to Teacher Education using BOS Framework: An Example&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.45-53 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/45-53.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2936\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2936\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2936\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-education-policy-with-reference-to-teacher-education-using-bos-framework-an-example\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Analysis of Education Policy with Reference to Teacher Education using BOS Framework: An Example<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c02bb2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c096eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c09878\" data-id=\"1c09878\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0999c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c0999c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c09a4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c09a4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c09b9a\" data-id=\"1c09b9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c09cc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c09cc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c09d6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c09d6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c09ecd\" data-id=\"1c09ecd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c09fe8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c09fe8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c0a08d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c0a08d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c0a208\" data-id=\"1c0a208\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0a311 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c0a311\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Mobility Experience of Urban People: An Interpretative Study on Street Hawking Activities in the Urban Spaces of Dhaka City<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abontika Sara Israt &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 54-60<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c0a3ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c0a3ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c0a53f\" data-id=\"1c0a53f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0a67e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c0a67e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper highlights the issues and problems associated with mobility and accessibility relating to informal street hawking in the urban spaces of Dhaka city. Mobility and accessibility is the foremost concern of a place that acts as a direction for the passer by. This is one of features that have a significant impact on users\u2019 perception. The urban informal sector is a vibrant section of the urban economy worldwide. An organized street hawking in the urban spaces could be part of city precedence for the benefit of the city community. To evaluate the influence of mobility and accessibility in using the urban public spaces a multiple sources of evidence, which included the questionnaire survey and physical observation, were carried out in two study areas in Dhaka city. This study used a case study approach to make a comprehensive understanding of the current condition of street hawking in the city. Good accessibility is directly related to the uses\u2019 thoughts and experiences; however, these elements could not cast a positive light on the walking or selling experience for this study. This study revealed that poor accessibility is a major hindrance affecting the use of the pedestrian environment of Dhaka city. The findings reveled across the case studies confirmed by the condition where poor facilities are seen. This study shown 50.8% of the respondents felt there are several problems with the walk ability, street view, traffic congestion and parking space and so on. Data synthesis indicates that, there is no noteworthy difference between questionnaire and observation survey to perceive accessibility issues. The findings discovered that the studied areas are in a vulnerable condition according to the identified issues. As vehicular space increases, pedestrian allocated space decreases resulting in pedestrian marginalization from city spaces and increased traffic congestion, accident and other fatalities.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 54-60\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abontika Sara Israt<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Architecture and Planning, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Al&#8217;.Aswad,&amp;Achmad.Djunaedi.(2015). THE INFORMAL SECTOR OF SHAPING CITY COMMERCIAL OPEN SPACE.International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(6), 451-454.\r\n[2]. Appleyard, D. (1981). Livable streets. Berkeley: University of California Press.\r\n[3]. Bentley, I., Alcock, A., McGlynn, S., Murrain, P., &amp; Smith, G. (2008).Responsive environments : A manual for designers. Oxford: Butterworth Architecture\r\n[4]. Bhowmik, S. K. (2005). Street Vendors in Asia: A Review. Economic and Political weekly, 40(22\/23), 2256-2264.\r\n[5]. Brown, A. (2006). Contested Space: Street Trading, Public Space and Livlihoods in Developing Cities. Rugby: ITDG Publishing.\r\n[6]. Brown, J. D. (2011). Likert items and scales of measurement. Shiken: JALT Testing &amp; Evaluation SIG Newsletter, 1, 10-14.\r\n[7]. Buchanan, P. (1988). Facing up to facades. Architects journal, 188, 21-56.\r\n[8]. Carmona, M., Tiesdell, S., Heath, T., &amp; Oc, T. (2010). Public Places- Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.\r\n[9]. Dewar, D., &amp; Watson, V. (1990). Urban markets, developing informal retailing. London and New York: Routledge.\r\n[10]. Duany, A., Plater-Zyberk, E., &amp; Speck, J. (2000). Suburban nation: The rise of sprawl and the decline of the American dream. New York: North Point Press.\r\n[11]. Findly, A. M., Paddison, R., &amp; Dawson, J. A. (1990). Retailing Environments in Developing countries. London: Routledge.\r\n[12]. Forsyth, A., Hearst, M., Oakes, J. M., &amp; Schmitz, K. H. (2008). Design and destinations: Factors influencing walking and total physical activity. Urban Studies, 45(9), 1973\u20131996.\r\n[13]. Francis, M. (1991). The making of democratic streets. In A. V. Moudon (Ed.), Public streets for public use. New York: Columbia University Press.\r\n[14]. Frey, H. (1999). Designing the city: Towards a more sustainable urban form. E &amp; FN Spon, London.\r\n[15]. Gehl, J. (1987). 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Accommodating Informal Economic Units in the Urban Built Environment: Petty Commodity Enterprises in the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana. Third world planning review, 313-334.\r\n[37]. Yamane, Taro. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Edition, New York: Harper and Row.\r\n[38]. Yin, R. K. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (th Ed.). London: SAGE Publications\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abontika Sara Israt &#8220;Mobility Experience of Urban People: An Interpretative Study on Street Hawking Activities in the Urban Spaces of Dhaka City&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.54-60 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/54-60.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/mobility-experience-of-urban-people-an-interpretative-study-on-street-hawking-activities-in-the-urban-spaces-of-dhaka-city\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mobility Experience of Urban People: An Interpretative Study on Street Hawking Activities in the Urban Spaces of Dhaka City<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0b556 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c0ca0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c0cb95\" data-id=\"1c0cb95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0ccc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c0ccc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c0cd73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c0cd73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c0ced2\" data-id=\"1c0ced2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0cfe2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c0cfe2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c0d092 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c0d092\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c0d1ed\" data-id=\"1c0d1ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0d301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c0d301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c0d3a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c0d3a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c0d51f\" data-id=\"1c0d51f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0d62f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c0d62f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of School Environmental Variables on Students\u2019 Performance in Junior Secondary School Mathematics in Gwer-East Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Tertindi NAAKAA, Joshua Abah ABAH, Gabriel Terfa ATONDO &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 61-70<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c0d6db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c0d6db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c0d863\" data-id=\"1c0d863\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0d9ab elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c0d9ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examined the influence of school environmental variables on students\u2019 performance in Junior Secondary School mathematics in Gwer-East Local Government Area of Benue State. The study adopted an expo-facto design. A sample of 120 Junior Secondary School II students from ten schools was drawn out of a population of 3,482 JSS II students from Gwer-East Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. A validated 20-item Influence of Environmental Variables on Students Performance Questionnaire (IEVSPQ) was used to collect data. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the four research questions raised for the study. The result revealed that nearness of school to noisy facilities has a negative influence on the performance of mathematics students in Junior Secondary Schools. Classroom size, library facilities and power supply influences the performance of mathematics students in Junior Secondary School to a high extent. It was recommended among others that school environmental variables should be taken into consideration in the siting and running of schools in order to enhance the students\u2019 performance in Junior Secondary School mathematics.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 61-70\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tertindi NAAKAA<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics Education, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joshua Abah ABAH<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics Education, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gabriel Terfa ATONDO<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, Airforce Secondary School Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]. 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Lagos: WAEC\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tertindi NAAKAA, Joshua Abah ABAH, Gabriel Terfa ATONDO &#8220;Influence of School Environmental Variables on Students\u2019 Performance in Junior Secondary School Mathematics in Gwer-East Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.61-70 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/61-70.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c0efdd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c0efdd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c0f134\" data-id=\"1c0f134\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0fad8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c0fad8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c0fc3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c0fc3e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c0fe4f\" data-id=\"1c0fe4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0ff8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c0ff8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c10048 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c10048\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c101d5\" data-id=\"1c101d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c102e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c102e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c10393 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c10393\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c104e9\" data-id=\"1c104e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1060e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1060e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c106af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c106af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1082e\" data-id=\"1c1082e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c10951 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c10951\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Secondary School Principals` Perceived Effects of Abusing Sustances in Day Secondary Schools in Bauchi Senetorial District of Bauchi State Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Yunusa Abubakar, Sule Saleh &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 71-74<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c109f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c109f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c10b55\" data-id=\"1c10b55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c10c81 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c10c81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aimed at determining the secondary school principals` perceived effects of drugs abuse among students of day secondary schools. Descriptive research design was used for the study while questionnaire was adopted for data collection. The population of the study consisted of only principals of secondary schools. The samples of the study were 40 secondary school principals who participated in the study and simple random sampling was adopted to sample the school principals. Piloting was carried out in one secondary school. A sample of 01school principal participated in the pilot study. Test re-test method of reliability was used to ensure the reliability of the instrument and data obtained was computer analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The descriptive statistics that is, frequency distribution and percentages were used to analyzed data. The findings of the study revealed that availability of drugs, lack of effective guidance and counseling, family background; societal and influence of peer group were identified as the causes of drug abuse among day secondary schools students. The finding further identified high rate of school violence, exposing other students to drugs abuse and, mental illness as effects of drug abuse among students of secondary schools. The finding recommends that government should ensure policy formulation to address the menace of drug abuse in secondary schools while parents should monitor the affairs of their children and ensure they associate with good friends. Government should also intensify campaign against drug abuse and the dangers associated with the menace. Guidance and counseling unit and drug free club should be strengthening.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 71-74\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yunusa Abubakar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Education, Bauchi State University Gadau, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sule Saleh<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Education, Bauchi State University Gadau, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Cookson, H (1992), Alcohol use and office type in young offenders. British Journal of Criminology, 32 (3):352-36\r\n[2]. Gay, L. (1976). Education research competencies for analytic application. Collumbus: Charles Merril pub.co.\r\n[3]. Maithya R.W (2009).Drug abuse in secondary schools in Kenya: Developing a programme for prevention and intervention: A PhD theses University of South Africa Obot, I &amp; Shekhar, S. (2005). Substances use among young people in urban environment.WHO\r\n[4]. Orodho, J. (2004). Techniques of writing research proposal and reports in education and social sciences. Nairobi. Masola publisher\r\n[5]. Kombo D.K &amp; tromp D (2006) proposal and thesis writing. An Introduction. Pauline\u2019s Publishers Africa.\r\n[6]. Kisaka, J.N (2012). The effects of drug abuse in secondary schools: The case of Ijara and Garissa Districts of North Eastern Province, Kenya. A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Kenyatta University\r\n[7]. World Drug Report (2005). United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (UNODC). Executive Summary, United Nations Publication.\r\n[8]. United Nations: Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC). W.H.O. Expert Committee on Dependence Producing Drugs: Fourteen Report. August 2005\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Yunusa Abubakar, Sule Saleh &#8220;Secondary School Principals` Perceived Effects of Abusing Sustances in Day Secondary Schools in Bauchi Senetorial District of Bauchi State Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.71-74 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/71-74.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/71-74.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/secondary-school-principals-perceived-effects-of-abusing-sustances-in-day-secondary-schools-in-bauchi-senetorial-district-of-bauchi-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secondary School Principals` Perceived Effects of Abusing Sustances in Day Secondary Schools in Bauchi Senetorial District of Bauchi State Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c11b04 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c11b04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c11bec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c11bec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c11d7d\" data-id=\"1c11d7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1204b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1204b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1211f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1211f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c122a2\" data-id=\"1c122a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c123bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c123bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1246c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1246c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c125ce\" data-id=\"1c125ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c126ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c126ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1278c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1278c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c12915\" data-id=\"1c12915\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c12a28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c12a28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Functional Perspective of Education as the Bedrock of National Development in Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>ABOLARIN Isaiah Ola &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 75-80<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c12ad2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c12ad2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c12c71\" data-id=\"1c12c71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c12da9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c12da9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">True education is that in which learners are equipped with the ability to perceive accurately, think clearly, and act effectively. This equipping is accomplished via the three domains of education: cognitive, affective and sensory. In other words, education is said to be effective when learners acquire knowledge, develop skills, and adopt values. Education that fails to address these three domains cannot bring about significant development either for the individual or the society at large. Reports of a continuous downward trend in the quality of education have been a major concern for stakeholders for more than three decades. The deficiencies of the Nigerian education system could possibly be attributed to a faulty understanding of the components, goals and essence of education because the overriding perspective of education held by each society and culture determines the approach, plan and policies put in place to facilitate the educational process. This study therefore considered the components and goals of education, the difference between schooling and education, and the relationship between course of study and education. Using a plethora of books, articles and internet publications, the study analyzed different perspectives on education, its components and goals, with the intent of bringing forth a clear understanding of a functional education system. This approach is hinged on the assumption that a better understanding will lead to a re-appraisal of the current system of education in Nigeria in relation to its genuine alignment to the much touted desire for national development. The paper concluded that education can only be described as excellent when individuals and their societies are positively impacted by the knowledge acquired. Absence of tangible national development in terms of productivity of various sectors and poor standard of living, porous methods of handling crime and anti-social behavior, corruption and bad governance are clear indicators of a dysfunctional system of education. A system of education that fails to have positive impact on society may have succeeded at making people literate but has woefully failed in getting them educated. This study therefore recommended that stakeholders in the education sector be given proper orientation on what functional education is and how such can be adopted and utilized for national development.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 75-80\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ABOLARIN Isaiah Ola<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBabcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abolarin, I. O. (2013). The influence of university personnel upon students&#8217; spirituality at selected Adventist universities in West-Africa. Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI: Unpublished Dissertation .\r\n[2]. Abolarin, I. O. (2017). Adventist philosophy of education and students&#8217; spirituality. Insight: Journal of Religious Studies, 13, 16-32.\r\n[3]. Anthony, M. J. (2008). The nature of theology and education. In J. R. Estep, M. J. Anthony, &amp; G. R. &amp; Allison, A theology of Christian education (pp. 5-24). Nashville, TN: B &amp; H Academic.\r\n[4]. Boyi, A. A. (2013). Education and sustainable national development in Nigeria: Challenges and way forward. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(8), 147-152.\r\n[5]. Dike, V. E. (nd). Values education and national development. Retrieved June 27, 2018, from gamji: http:\/\/www.gamji.com\/article4000\/NEWS4674.htm\r\n[6]. Drexel University. (2014). Types of education. Retrieved June 26, 2018, from Types of education: Formal, informal &amp; non-formal: http:\/\/examplanning.com\/types-education-formal-informal-non-formal\/\r\n[7]. Dushi, G. (2012). Notes on the typesof education: Formal, informal, non-formal. Retrieved June 26, 2018, from Notes on the typesof education: Formal, informal, non-formal: http:\/\/www.preservearticles.com\/2012010920241\/notes-on-the-types-of-education-formal-informal-non-formal.html\r\n[8]. Eduwen, F. O. &amp; Osagie-Obazee, G. E. (2016). Teacher education: A panacea for national development in Nigeria. An International Multi-disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 10(4), 106-114.\r\n[9]. Farooq, U. (2012, January 25). What is education meaning and purpose. Retrieved June 25, 2018, from What is education meaning and purpose &#8211; study lecture notes: https:\/\/www.google.com.ng\/search?ei=eu0wW6ztCMP7UuKPmdgM&amp;q=purpose+and+meaning+of+education&amp;oq=purpose+and+of+education&amp;gs_l=psy-ab.1.1.0i7i30k1l10.77805.78297.0.81970.4.4.0.0.0.0.650.650.5-1.1.0&#8230;.0&#8230;1.1.64.psy-ab..3.1.648&#8230;.0.tXqPoZo31HQ\r\n[10]. Fortino, A. (2012, June 26). The purpose of higher education: To create prepared minds. Retrieved June 27, 2018, from The purpose of higher education: To create prepared minds: https:\/\/evolllution.com\/opinions\/the-purpose-of-higher-education-to-create-prepared-minds\/\r\n[11]. Garber, S. (1996). The fabric of faithfulness: Weaving together belief and behavior during the university years. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity.\r\n[12]. Gaylor, D. (Ed.). (2003). Reach the university: A handbookfor effective campus ministry. Springfield, MO: Chi Alpha Campus Ministries.\r\n[13]. Keniston, H. (1960). The goals of higher education. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 104(6), 565-569.\r\n[14]. Knight, G. R. (2006). Philosophy &amp; education: An introduction in Christian perspective 4th ed. Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University.\r\n[15]. Lawal, T. &amp; Oluwatoyin, A. (2011). National development in Nigeria: Issues, challenges and prospects. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Researech, 3(9), 237-241.\r\n[16]. Lawal, Y. O. (2013). Education as an instrument for effective national development: Which way Nigeria. Business &amp; Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(2), 27-38.\r\n[17]. Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D. J., Arredondo, D. E., Blackburn, G. J., Brandt, R. S., &amp; Moffett, C. A. (1992). Dimensions of learning: Teacher&#8217;s manual. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.\r\n[18]. McCartney, D. M. (2015, July 31). The role of education in national development. Retrieved June 27, 2018, from https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/role-education-national-development-dr-donald-m-mccartney\/\r\n[19]. Olukoju, A. O. (2014). Education, youth agency and national development. Lagos: Lecture delivered at the Bisi Ogunjobi Foundation youth programme.\r\n[20]. Orji, K. E. &amp; Job, M. (2013). The role of education in national development: Nigeria experience. European Scientific Journal, 9(28), 312-320.\r\n[21]. Orobosa, U. (2010, January 21). Vanguard. Retrieved June 27, 2018, from Education and national development in Nigeria: http:\/\/community.vanguardngr.com\/profiles\/blogs\/education-and-national\r\n[22]. Otonko, J. (2012). University education in Nigeria: History, successes, failures and the way forward. International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education, 1(2), 44-48.\r\n[23]. Ozmon, H. A. &amp; Craver, S. M. (2003). Philosophical foundations of education (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.\r\n[24]. Postman, N. &amp; Weingartner, C. (1973). The school book: For the people who want to know what all the hollering is about. New York, NY: Dell Publishing Co.\r\n[25]. Price-Mitchell, M. (2014, May 12). What is education? Insights from the world&#8217;s greatest minds. Retrieved June 25, 2018, from What is education? Insights from the world&#8217;s greatest minds: https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/intl\/blog\/the-moment-youth\/201405\/what-is-education-insights-the-worlds-greatest-minds\r\n[26]. Rothstein, R. &amp; Jacobsen, R. (2006). The goals of education. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(04), 264-272.\r\n[27]. The Nation. (2018, June 21). Retrieved June 27, 2018, from Role of education in national development: https:\/\/nation.com.pk\/17-Feb-2014\/role-of-education-in-national-development\r\n[28]. Tucker, P. M. (1998). The challenge of Christian Education. Journal of Research in Christian Education, 7(1), 3-4.\r\n[29]. U.S. Department of Education. (2010). Transfroming American education: Learning powered by technology: National education technology plan 2010. Learning. doi:10.2304\/elea.2011.8.2.102\r\n[30]. UNESCO. (2012). Education for sustainable development. Retrieved June 28, 2018, from http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/en\/education\/themes\/leading-the-international-agenda\/education-for-sustainable-development\r\n[31]. Uriah, O. A. &amp; Wosu, J. I. (2012). Formal education as a panacea for sustainable national development: A theoretical discussion. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 5(2), 130-137.\r\n[32]. White, E. G. (1903). Education. Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">ABOLARIN Isaiah Ola &#8220;A Functional Perspective of Education as the Bedrock of National Development in Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.75-80 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/75-80.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/75-80.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-functional-perspective-of-education-as-the-bedrock-of-national-development-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Functional Perspective of Education as the Bedrock of National Development in Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c13bfa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c13bfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c13ce7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c13ce7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c13e5d\" data-id=\"1c13e5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c13f7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c13f7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c14060 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c14060\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c141cd\" data-id=\"1c141cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c142dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c142dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1437c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1437c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c144e4\" data-id=\"1c144e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c145fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c145fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c146d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c146d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c15080\" data-id=\"1c15080\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c151d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c151d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c15282 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c15282\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1540d\" data-id=\"1c1540d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c15521 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c15521\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Price Earning Growth Ratio as an Effective Tool in selection of Stocks for Investment \u2013 Evidence from Midcap IT Stocks Listed in NSE India<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. P. A. Mary Auxilia- January 2019 Page No.: 81-83<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c155ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c155ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c15728\" data-id=\"1c15728\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c15868 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c15868\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Investing in stocks is considered very risky if careful analysis of the company\u2019s financial data is not done. Company\u2019s credit worthiness and performance can be analyzed by examining the profit and loss account, balance sheet and cash flow statement. But an easiest tool available to determine the best stocks for investment is PEG (Price earnings to growth) ratio. In this context the research is done to find whether PEG ratio is an effective tool in selecting stocks for investment. Mid cap IT stocks listed in NSE India are selected for the study and PEG ratio is calculated before investment based on EPS CAGR and PE ratio. The performance of the stocks was tracked for five years and the data has been analyzed. The percentage return on investment is compared with market return to determine the efficiency of investment. The study proves that PEG ratio is an effective tool for investment as stocks with PEG less than 1 have given remarkably higher returns compared to the market return. Retail investors can use PEG ratio than PE ratio to identify stocks for investment with higher returns.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 81-83\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. P. A. Mary Auxilia<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Bradshaw, M. T. (2004). How do analysts use their earnings forecasts in generating stock recommendations?. The Accounting Review, 79(1), 25-50.\r\n[2]. Braham, L. (2001). The Business Week 50. Business Week, 23.\r\n[3]. Chahine, S., &amp; Choudhry, T. (2004). Price-to-Earnings Growth Ratio and Value Vs. Growth Based Strategies: Some European Evidences, retrieved at https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=498306\r\n[4]. Easton, P. D. (2004). PE ratios, PEG ratios, and estimating the implied expected rate of return on equity capital. The accounting review, 79(1), 73-95.\r\n[5]. Fafatas, S., &amp; Shane, P. (2011). Market Inefficiencies and Pricing Heuristics: Evidence from the PEG Ratio. Journal of Financial &amp; Economic Practice, 11(1).\r\n[6]. Lundholm, R. J., &amp; Rochard, G. Sloan, 2007, Equity valuation and analysis. McGraw Hill Irwin.\r\n[7]. Lynch, P. S., Lynch, P., &amp; Rothchild, J. (2000). One up on Wall Street: how to use what you already know to make money in the market. Simon and Schuster.\r\n[8]. Schatzberg, J. D., &amp; Vora, G. (2009). PEG investing strategy: A revisit. Quarterly Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5-22.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. P. A. Mary Auxilia&#8221;Price Earning Growth Ratio as an Effective Tool in selection of Stocks for Investment \u2013 Evidence from Midcap IT Stocks Listed in NSE India&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.81-83 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/81-83.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/81-83.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/price-earning-growth-ratio-as-an-effective-tool-in-selection-of-stocks-for-investment-evidence-from-midcap-it-stocks-listed-in-nse-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Price Earning Growth Ratio as an Effective Tool in selection of Stocks for Investment \u2013 Evidence from Midcap IT Stocks Listed in NSE India<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c166ba elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c166ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c167b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c167b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c16945\" data-id=\"1c16945\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c16a6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c16a6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c16b1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c16b1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c16c7d\" data-id=\"1c16c7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c16d96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c16d96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c16e35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c16e35\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c16fb2\" data-id=\"1c16fb2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c170cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c170cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c17173 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c17173\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c172cb\" data-id=\"1c172cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c173e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c173e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c17489 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c17489\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c175f0\" data-id=\"1c175f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1770b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1770b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Porous Borders, Small Arms Proliferation, and Insecurity in Oke-Ogun Area of Oyo State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adewoyin, Solomon Ademola &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 84-89<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c177b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c177b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c17936\" data-id=\"1c17936\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c17a5c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c17a5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Border security is critical and a necessity for the protection of lives and properties within a given territory. Nigeria land borders have become free entry and exit points for smugglers of all manner of contraband goods such as small arms who carry out their illicit activities with little or no reservations. Irrespective of where the border is located within the country and its geographic nature, porosity is a common feature shared by all borders in the country. The connection between porous borders, arms proliferation, and insecurity can be explained thus: porous borders paves ways for free flow of all forms of small arms in and out of Nigeria and most of this arms are found in the hands of non-state actors who use these weapons to ferment trouble and make the society hostile, ungovernable, and insecure. Nigeria\u2019s extreme porous borders are a major cause of national security threat and may remain so for some time. This is because these borders both land and marine apart from being vast, are inadequately policed. The study examines the relationship between porous border, small arms proliferation, and insecurity in Oke-Ogun Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The study highlights the role of border security in finding lasting solutions to the security challenges confronting the country.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 84-89\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adewoyin, Solomon Ademola <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPh.D, National Examinations Council, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Achumba, I. C., Ighomereho, O. S. &amp; Akpor-Robaro, M. O. M. (2013). Security Challenges in Nigeria and the Implications for Business Activities and Sustainable Development. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 4 (2), 79-99\r\n[2]. Adeola, G.L. and Oluyemi, F. (2012). The Political and Security Implications of Cross Border Migration between Nigeria and Her Francophone Neighbours , International Journal of Social Science Tomorrow, Vol. 1 No. 3, 1-9.\r\n[3]. Adewoyin, S. A., Ukwayi, J. K., &amp; Okpa, J. T. (2018). Small arms proliferation, ethno-communal conflict, and underdevelopment: Oke-Ogun area of Oyo state, Nigeria in focus. European Journal of Social Sciences Studies. 3 (4), 183-195\r\n[4]. Argun, U. &amp; Da\u011flar, M. (2016). Examination of routine activities theory by the property crime. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 1188-1198.\r\n[5]. Cohen, L. E., &amp; Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 588-608.\r\n[6]. Cullen, F. T., &amp; Wilcox, P. (2010). Encyclopedia of criminological theory. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications\r\n[7]. Edeko S. E. (2011).The Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Africa: A Case Study of the Niger Delta in Nigeria, Sacha Journal of Environmental Studies, Volume 1 Number 2 (2011) pp. 55-80\r\n[8]. Felson, M., &amp; Clarke, R. V. (1998). Opportunity makes the thief: Practical theory for crime prevention (Police Research Series, Paper 98). London: Home Office, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit.\r\n[9]. Hazen, J.M. and Horner, J (2007). Small Arms, Armed Violence, and Insecurity in Nigeria: The Niger Delta in Perspective, Switzerland: Small Arms Survey\r\n[10]. Hollis-Peel, M. E., Reynald, D. M., Bavel, M., Elffers, H. &amp; Welsh, B. C. (2011). Guardianship for crime prevention: A critical review of the literature. In: Crime, Law and Social Change, 56(1), 53-70\r\n[11]. Musa, S. (2013). Border Security, Arms Proliferation And Terrorism In Nigeria.\r\n[12]. http:\/\/saharareporters.com\/2013\/04\/20\/border-security-arms-proliferation-and-terrorism-nigeria-lt-col-sagir-musa\r\n[13]. Okpa, J. T., &amp; Ekong, I. (2017). Global and National Terrorism: Implications for Sustainable Development in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of humanities and social science (IOSR-JHSS)22, (2), 49-56\r\n[14]. Ukwayi, J. K. Okpa, J. T. Adewoyin, S. A. Angioha, P. U. Udom, H. T. (2017). Security Equipment and Policing in Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) 22 (2), 06-14\r\n[15]. Ukwayi, J.K., Adewoyin, S.A., John, T.O., &amp; Ofem, N.O. (2017). Public perception of small arms epidemic and conflicts in Oke-Ogun Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The International journal of humanities &amp; social studies. 5 (2), 100-108\r\n[16]. Ukwayi, J.K., Okpa, J.T., &amp; Dike, E. (2018). Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria: A Dangerous Threat to Human Existence and Business Activities. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (8), 31-37\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adewoyin, Solomon Ademola &#8220;Porous Borders, Small Arms Proliferation, and Insecurity in Oke-Ogun Area of Oyo State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.84-89 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/84-89.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/84-89.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/porous-borders-small-arms-proliferation-and-insecurity-in-oke-ogun-area-of-oyo-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Porous Borders, Small Arms Proliferation, and Insecurity in Oke-Ogun Area of Oyo State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c18af8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c18af8\" 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c18d80\" data-id=\"1c18d80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c18eaf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c18eaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c18f59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c18f59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c190bf\" data-id=\"1c190bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c191cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c191cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c19279 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c19279\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c193dd\" data-id=\"1c193dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c194f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c194f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1958c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1958c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c196e3\" data-id=\"1c196e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c19804 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c19804\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c198a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c198a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c19acc\" data-id=\"1c19acc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c19c0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c19c0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Good Faith In Implementation of House Ownership Credit in Private Company<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gilang Mahardhika, Moch.Najib Imanullah, S.H., M.H., P.hD, Dr. Arief Suryono, S.H., M.H &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 90-97<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c19cb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c19cb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c19e42\" data-id=\"1c19e42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c19f87 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c19f87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research aims to find out the process of house ownership credit implementation in the company and to indentify fulfillment and nonfulfillment of good faith principal between customer and PT. KandangKarya Perkasa. House Ownership Credit is a credit conducted to purchase a house or other consumptive needs with house as the collateral or assurance. This research uses juridical empirical approach. The nature of this research is diagnostic with statute approach, and conceptual approach. Technique of collecting data was conducted by interview, observation, and literature review with three steps, they are; data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Based on the research finding, it can be drawn a conclusion from general into specific issue. The actions which do not have good faith are shown n the implementation of house ownership credit, especially when a customer breach of contract (such as the customer does not pay home installment payment on due date), dishonest in giving information for administrative requirements, and the customer does not meet the requirements in applying for credit. Therefore, legal protection toward PT. KandangKarya Perkasa is conducted using preventive measure. It requires supervision, and binding agreement of credit assurance for both parties. Then it is also conducted using repressive measures by selling, auction of collateral goods, and emptying the house which is carried out in accordance with applicable procedure as stated in the agreement which has been made by both parties.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 90-97\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gilang Mahardhika<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMaster Student of Legal Science, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Moch.Najib Imanullah, S.H., M.H., P.hD<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Law, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Arief Suryono, S.H., M.H<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer of Faculty of Law, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Afifah, W. (2018). Eksistensi Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap pekerja Rumah Tangga di Indonesia. DIH Journal of Legal Science, 14(27), 17 Agustus 1945 University, 58.\r\n[2]. Aman, E. P. I. (1989). Kredit Perbankan Suatu Tinjauan Yuridis. Yogyakarta: Liberty.\r\n[3]. Anundsen, A. K., and Jansen, E. S. (2011). Self-reinforcing effects between housing prices and credit evidence from Norway. International Journal,Discussions Papers,(651).\r\n[4]. Bayley, E. (2009). A Doctrine of Good Faith in New Zealand Contractual Relationship. Journal of University of Canterbury.Retrieved\r\n[5]. from:http:\/\/ir.canterbury,ac,nz\/bitstream\/10092\/2862\/1Thesis_fulltext.pdf. Retrieved on 4 May 2018, at 19.46 WIB\r\n[6]. Bristow, David, I., Seth, Reva. (2001). Good Faith Negotiations.Dispute Resolution Journal. November 2000-January 2001, retrieved from\r\n[7]. http:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/198085075\/fulltextPDF\/13B4522C01771C3BF05\/3?account.id=44945. Retrieved on 6 May 2018, at 22.47 WIB.\r\n[8]. Friedman, L. M. (2011). Sistem Hukum: Perspektif Ilmu Sosial (4th Ed.). Translated by M. Khozim. Bandung: Nusa Media.Translated from: Friedman, L. M. (1957).The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective(4th Ed.). New York: Russel Sage Foundation.\r\n[9]. Friedman, L. M. (2012). Sistem Hukum: Perspektif Ilmu Sosial (11th Ed.). Translated by M. Khozim. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Translated from: Friedman, L. M. (1975).The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective(11th Ed.). New York: Russel Sage Foundation.\r\n[10]. Gautama, S. (1995). Indonesian Business Law. Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti.\r\n[11]. Hartkamp, A. (1994). The Concept of Good Faith in the Unidroit Principles for International Comercial Contracts.Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law,(3), 66.\r\n[12]. Hernoko, A. Y. (2008). Hukum Perjanjian Proporsionalitas Dalam Kontrak Komersial. Yogyakarta: LaksBang Mediatama.\r\n[13]. Interview with Mrs. Hj. Asnidar as the director. It was conducted on 23 March 2018, at 09.28 WIB in office of PT. KandangKarya Perkasa.\r\n[14]. Interview with Mrs. Hj. Asnidar as the director. It was conducted on 28 March 2018, at 14.16 WIB in office of PT. KandangKarya Perkasa.\r\n[15]. Interview withMrs. Hj. Asnidar as the director.It was conducted on7 April 2018, at 08.37 WIB in office of PT. KandangKarya Perkasa.\r\n[16]. Interview with Mrs. Hj. Asnidar as the director. It was conducted on 12 May 2018, at 14.10.27 WIB in office of PT. KandangKarya Perkasa.\r\n[17]. Interview withMrs. Hj. Asnidar as the director.It was conducted on2 August 2018, at 14.16 WIB in office of PT. KandangKarya Perkasa.\r\n[18]. Jesus, S &amp; Gabriel, J. (2006). Credit Cycles, Credit Risk and Prudential Regulation. International Journal of central Banking, 2(2).\r\n[19]. Kamilah, A. (2013). Bangun Guna Serah (Build Operate and Transfer\/BOT) Membangun Tanpa Harus Memiliki Tanah (Perspektif Hukum Agraria, Hukum Perjanjian dan Hukum Publik). Bandung: CV. Keni Media.\r\n[20]. Khairandy, R. (2003). Itikad Baik Dalam Kebebasan Berkontrak. Pascasarjana.Jakarta: FH UI.\r\n[21]. Lewis, A. (2009). Dasar-Dasar Hukum Bisnis. Bandung: Nusa Media.\r\n[22]. Natalia. (2015). Analisis Sistem dan Prosedur Pemberian Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR) Dalam Usaha Mengantisipasi Terjadinya Tunggakan Kredit (Studi pada PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk. Cabang Malang). Juornal of Business Administration, 2(2),2.\r\n[23]. Panjaitan, B. (2013). Penyelesaian Kredit Macet Dalam Perjanjian Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR) Pada Bank. Scientific Advocacy Journal, 01(10).\r\n[24]. Patrik, P. (1994). Dasar-Dasar Hukum perikatan (Perikatan Yang Lahir Dari Perjanjian Dan Dari Undang-Undang). Bandung: CV. Mandar Maju.\r\n[25]. Preambleaof Act No. 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlement Areas.\r\n[26]. Raharjo, S. (1988). Peranan dan Kedudukan Asas-Asas Hukum Dalam Kerangka Hukum Nasional (Pembatasan Terhadap Makalah Sunaryanti Hartono), Seminar dan Lokakarya Ketentuan Umum Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. Jakarta.\r\n[27]. Salim (2009). Hukum Kontrak Teori dan Teknik Penyusunan Kontrak.Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.\r\n[28]. Setiono. (2004). Rule of Law Supremasi Hukum. Pascasarjana. Surakarta: Magister Ilmu Hukum Sebelas Maret University.\r\n[29]. Soekanto, S. (2005). Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia (UI-Press).\r\n[30]. Soekanto, S. (2010).Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar(43rd Ed.). Jakarta: PT. Rajawali Pers.\r\n[31]. Subekti. (2009). Hukum Perjanjian. Jakarta: Intermesa.\r\n[32]. Subekti, R. (1989). Hukum Perjanjian. Jakarta: PT. Intermesa.\r\n[33]. Sugito. (2008). Tinjauan Normatif Itikad Baik Dalam Suatu Perjanjian. Juornal of Pandecta, 2(2). Retrieved from: http:\/\/journal.unnes.ac.id\/index.php\/pandecta\/article\/1475.29 in April 2018, at 20.28 WIB.\r\n[34]. Tan, Teck-Hong And Khong, Kok-Wei. (2012). The Link Between Homeownership Motivation and Houshing Satisfaction. International Journal of Economics and Management 6 (1),1-20.ISSN 1823-836X\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gilang Mahardhika, Moch.Najib Imanullah, S.H., M.H., P.hD, Dr. Arief Suryono, S.H., M.H &#8220;Good Faith In Implementation of House Ownership Credit in Private Company&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.90-97 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/90-97.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/90-97.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/good-faith-in-implementation-of-house-ownership-credit-in-private-company\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Good Faith In Implementation of House Ownership Credit in Private Company<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1afa0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c1afa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1b091 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1b091\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1b221\" data-id=\"1c1b221\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1b354 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1b354\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1b3fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1b3fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1b558\" data-id=\"1c1b558\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1b665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1b665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1b70a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1b70a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1b878\" data-id=\"1c1b878\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1b991 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1b991\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1ba2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1ba2f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1bbad\" data-id=\"1c1bbad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1bcc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1bcc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Communal Conflicts in Ghana: A Case Study of the Dagbon Conflict<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Winfred Kanda &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 98-111<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1bd81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1bd81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1befd\" data-id=\"1c1befd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1c040 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c1c040\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The main purpose of the study was to examine the Dagbon conflict as a type of Communal Conflict in Ghana. A descriptive survey was used for the study based on qualitative research method. Purposive sampling method was used to collect data. Data was also sourced from books and journal articles. The study revealed that there was non-adherence to the laid down succession plan, political interference and socio-economic problems as the main causes of the Dagbon Conflict. Also, output of productivity was affected badly. Even though there is relative peace, there is still tension between the leadership of the Abudu and Andani gates after several mediation efforts were used to maintain peace. The study therefore recommended that, politicians should desist from meddling in the traditional affairs of Dagbon Kingdom; government should create an enabling environment for investors to invest. The government and traditional authority of Dagbon Kingdom should organize the performance of the final funeral rites of the late chiefs to pave way for the selection and enskinment of the new Ya Na and finally leadership of the two gates should come to agreement and bury their differences in the interest of peace.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 98-111\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Winfred Kanda<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGhana Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Managing interpersonal conflict. Newbury: Sage Publishers.\r\n[21]. Enu-Kwesi, F., &amp;Tuffour, K. A. (2010). Conflict management and peace building in Africa: Critical Lessons for Peace Building Practitioners. In Kendie, S. B. (ed.). Conflict management and peace building for poverty reduction. Tamale: GILLBT Press.\r\n[22]. Gray, J. L. &amp; Strake, F. A. (1984). Organizational behaviour: Concepts and applications. Columbus: Merril.\r\n[23]. Gurr, T. R. (2000). Peoples verse states: Minorities at risk in the new century. Washington: United States Institute of Peace.\r\n[24]. Hellriegel, D. &amp; Slocum, J. W. (1996). Management. Cincinnati Ohio: South Western College Publishing.\r\n[25]. Hoelscher, D. C., &amp; Robbert, C. W. (2002). Conflict recognition: The case of the misdirected faculty. Journal of Dental Education. 66 (4), 526-532.\r\n[26]. Horowitz, D. L. (2010). The deadly ethnic riot. Berkeley: California University Press.\r\n[27]. Kendie, S. B. (2010). Conflict management and peace building for poverty reduction. Tamale: GILLBT Press.\r\n[28]. Ladouceur, P. (1972). The Yendi chieftaincy dispute and Ghanaian politics.Canadian Journal of African Studies. 6 (1), 97-115.\r\n[29]. Lindelow, J. &amp; Scott, J. J. (1989). Managing conflict. ERIC Document Production Services.No. ED 309519.\r\n[30]. MacGaffey, W. (2006). Death of a king, of a kingdom? Social pluralism and succession to high office in Dagbon, Northern Ghana. Journal of Modern African Studies. 44(1), 86-87.\r\n[31]. Mahama, A. &amp; Osman, A. N. (2005). Dagbon chieftaincy conflict crisis: The truth and hard facts. www.ghanaweb.com\r\n[32]. Marx, K. (1991, Reprinted). The Communist Manifesto. New York: Washing Square Press.\r\n[33]. Oboh, V. U. &amp; Hyande, A. (2006). Impact of communal conflicts on agricultural production in Oye community in Oju LGA in Benue State. In Gyuse, T. T. &amp;Ajene, O. (eds.). Conflicts in the Benue valley. Makurdi: Benue State University Press.\r\n[34]. Oji, R. O. (2014). Communal conflicts in Nigeria: An examination of Ezillo and Ezza-Ezillo conflict of Ebonyi state, (1982-2012). Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review. 4 (1), 514-526.\r\n[35]. Otite, O., &amp; Albert, I. O. (1999). Community conflicts in Nigeria, management, resolution and transformation. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.\r\n[36]. Sandole, D. J. D. (1993). A comprehensive mapping of conflict and conflict resolution: A three pillar approach. Manchester: Manchester University Press.\r\n[37]. Shapiro, D. L. (2006). Do fairness perceptions influence styles of handling conflict with supervisors? International Journal of conflict management. 11 (9), 81-101.\r\n[38]. Sibidow, S. M. (1970). Background to the Yendi skin crisis. Accra: Mimeograph.\r\n[39]. Tonah, S. (2012). The politicization of a chieftaincy conflict: The case of Dagbon, Northern Ghana. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 21(1), 1-20.\r\n[40]. Tsikata, D, &amp;Seini, W. (2004). Identities, inequalities and conflict in Ghana. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[41]. Uzuegbunam, A. O., &amp; Nwofia, J. E. (2014). Ethno-communal conflict and the local government System in Nigeria: A desideratum of peace building. Journal of Scientific Research And Reports. 3(10), 1403-1420.\r\n[42]. Wilmot, W. W. &amp;Hocker, J. (2011). Interpersonal conflict. New York: McGraw Hill.\r\n[43]. Wuaku Commission Report, (2002). Executive summary of the Wuaku Commission Report. Accra: Ghana Publishing Cooperation.\r\n[44]. Yakubu, A. (2005). The Abudu-Andani crisis of Dagbon, a historical and legal perspective of the Yendi skin affairs. Accra: MPC Ltd.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Winfred Kanda &#8220;Communal Conflicts in Ghana: A Case Study of the Dagbon Conflict&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.98-111 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/98-111.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/98-111.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/communal-conflicts-in-ghana-a-case-study-of-the-dagbon-conflict\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Communal Conflicts in Ghana: A Case Study of the Dagbon Conflict<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1d099 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c1d099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1d185 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1d185\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1d30f\" data-id=\"1c1d30f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1d444 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1d444\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1d4f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1d4f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1d653\" data-id=\"1c1d653\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1d773 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1d773\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1d816 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1d816\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1d9a9\" data-id=\"1c1d9a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1dac3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1dac3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Medical Legal Protection in the Context of Doctor-Patient Relationship in An Emergency Condition<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nur Arifani Septi Dewi, Adi Sulistyono, Hari Purwadi &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 112-115<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1db71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1db71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1dda8\" data-id=\"1c1dda8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1df0d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c1df0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This article aims to find out the doctor\u2019s responsibilities and the protection of the doctor professional law in the relationship of doctors to patients in emergency conditions. The method used in this study is normative research. The data in this study were obtained from legal materials, which included primary legal material and secondary legal material. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the doctor is responsible for providing health services in the form of the best medical action to patients in the relationship between doctors and patients in emergency conditions without waiting for patient approval as long as it is in accordance with professional standards and standard operating procedures. Professional medical legal protection can be done by hospitals or the Indonesian Medical Disciplinary Board.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 112-115\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nur Arifani Septi Dewi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A Jebres, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adi Sulistyono<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A Jebres, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hari Purwadi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A Jebres, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\nBooks\r\n[1]. Anny Isfandyarie, Malpraktik dan Resiko Medik, Prestasi Pustaka, Jakarta, 2005\r\n[2]. Chrisdiono M. Achadiat. Dinamika Etika &amp; Hukum Kedokteran dalam Tantangan\r\n[3]. Zaman, Jakarta : EGC, 2006\r\n[4]. John Nasution, Bahder, Hukum Kesehatan Pertanggungjawaban Dokter, PT Aneka Cipta, Jakarta, 2005\r\n[5]. Mancini MR, Gale AT, 1981, Emergency Care and The Law, Maryland: Aspen Publication\r\n[6]. Nusye Jayanti, Penyelesaian Hukum dalam Malpraktek Kedokteran, Yogyakarta: Pusaka Yustisia, 2009\r\n[7]. Soetandyo Wignjosoebroto, Hukum: Paradigma, Metode dan DinamikaMasalahnya, (Jakarta: Huma, 2000)\r\nConstitutional Laws\r\n[8]. The ActNo. 29 Tahun 2004 aboutMedical Practice\r\n[9]. The ActNo. 36 Tahun 2009 about Health\r\n[10]. The ActNo. 44 Tahun 2009 about Hospitals\r\n[11]. The Code of Medical Ethics Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nur Arifani Septi Dewi, Adi Sulistyono, Hari Purwadi &#8220;The Medical Legal Protection in the Context of Doctor-Patient Relationship in An Emergency Condition&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.112-115 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/112-115.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/112-115.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-medical-legal-protection-in-the-context-of-doctor-patient-relationship-in-an-emergency-condition\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Medical Legal Protection in the Context of Doctor-Patient Relationship in An Emergency Condition<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f05c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c1f05c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f14b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1f14b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f2fb\" data-id=\"1c1f2fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f449 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1f449\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f4f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1f4f4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f66a\" data-id=\"1c1f66a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f806 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1f806\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f8c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1f8c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1fa44\" data-id=\"1c1fa44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1fb84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c1fb84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Social Networking Sites Usage on Students\u2019 Performance<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Diluxshy Ravichandran &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 116-119<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c1fc32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c1fc32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c1fda7\" data-id=\"1c1fda7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1fedf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c1fedf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2941\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The primary focus of the students must be education, but unfortunately today&#8217;s students emphasize these sites that can be a complete waste of time. Social networks were just an electronic connection between users, but unfortunately they became addictive to students, adolescents and even adults. This paper presents the impact of social networks on students\u2019 performance. Facebook destroys the future and academic carrier of school students. At the same time, it also aims to recognize the importance of using social networking sites by students in their academic and extra-curricular success with the help of a survey of data collection among more than 200 students from different schools in Trincomalee. The results of this study found an understanding of how students use online social networking sites, the time they spend and the type of information required and their overall performance. The study also makes recommendations on how to use online networks to improve academic objectives.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 116-119\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2942\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2942\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Diluxshy Ravichandran<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business and Management Studies, Faculty of Communication and Business Studies, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2943\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2943\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. A.Kaplan,&amp; M. Haenlein, (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Journal of Business Horizons, 53(1), Page.59-68.\r\n[2]. Constantinides, Efthymios and Fountain, J. Stefan, Web 2.0: Conceptual foundation and marketing issues. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 9 (3). Page.231-244. 2008.\r\n[3]. D.M. Boyd, &amp; Ellison, N. B. \u201cSocial network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship\u201d. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, Page.210-230. 2008.\r\n[4]. Facebook facts (2013). News room Facebook key facts. from http:\/\/newsroom.fb.com\/Key-Facts.\r\n[5]. Internet world stats. Internet usage in Asia. Available at: http:\/\/www.internetworldstats.com\/stats3.htm\r\n[6]. Muhammad Kashif, \u201cImpact of Facebook on Students Academic Performance\u201d International Master\u2019s Degree Program in Cultural Diversity,Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of Eastern Finland November 2013\r\n[7]. Safko Lon and Brake David, The Social Media Bible. Tactics, Tools and Strategies for business Success. Publisher, John Wiley and Sons. Hoboken, NJ, USA. 2009\r\n[8]. UNICEF. 2011 South Asia data Pocketbook. Available at: http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/rosa\/Final_Booklet__29_ March (2).pdf\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2944\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2944\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Diluxshy Ravichandran &#8220;Impact of Social Networking Sites Usage on Students\u2019 Performance&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.116-119 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/116-119.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2945\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2945\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/116-119.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2946\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2946\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-social-networking-sites-usage-on-students-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Social Networking Sites Usage on Students\u2019 Performance<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c20df4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c20df4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c20efa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c20efa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c210a8\" data-id=\"1c210a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c211ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c211ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2129b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2129b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2141e\" data-id=\"1c2141e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c21544 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c21544\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c215ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c215ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c21758\" data-id=\"1c21758\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c21876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c21876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c21924 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c21924\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c21a7c\" data-id=\"1c21a7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c250c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c250c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c251b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c251b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c25379\" data-id=\"1c25379\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c254aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c254aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Beyond Public Acknowledgement to Action: The Role of Government in Supporting Recovery from Trauma for Indigenous People as a Result of Past Policies of Forcible Separation and Assimilation<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Karen Menzies &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 120-127<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2555e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2555e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c25703\" data-id=\"1c25703\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c25861 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c25861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Ten years have passed since Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd offered his famous apology to the generations of Indigenous Australians who were removed from their families and communities when they were children as the result of racist and ill-informed government policy guided by the principles of assimilation (Russell, 2018). At this time, the importance of acknowledgement and formal government apology was becoming better understood, not only in Australia but also in other colonized nations, as essential to public understanding of the collective, historical and intergenerational trauma that exists within Indigenous communities and facilitating healing (operationalized by the Australian government as improvement in health, education and employment outcomes). Formal acknowledgement opens the way for the nation to bear witness to its shared national history, and to prioritise government action in response.\r\nThe importance of societal endorsement is central to the two fundamental elements in the recovery from trauma. The purpose of \u2018public acknowledgement\u2019 seeks to gain public recognition of harm and define the experience or event as trauma at a societal level because the reaction from the wider society has a powerful influence and can ultimately shape the resolution of trauma (Herman, 1992,). The next critical element in the recovery of trauma is \u2018community action\u2019 whereby the society takes responsibility for the provision of assistance and support services to aid the recovery (Herman, 1992,). The success of an individual or group\u2019s recovery from trauma can be measured by two things: \u2018an accepting climate of public opinion which fosters the integration of trauma survivors and an absence of a rejecting climate of opinions compounding their isolation\u2019 (Herman, 1992, p.71).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 120-127\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Karen Menzies <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nUniversity of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Unspeakable truths: Confronting state terror and atrocity. New York Routledge.\r\n[29]. Haythornthwaite, S., &amp; Hirvonen, T. (2015). The relevance of trauma informed care to Aboriginal primary health care services Paper presented at the 13th National Rural Health Conference http:\/\/www.ruralhealth.org.au\/13nrhc\/images\/paper_Haythornthwaite%2C%20Sara_Hirvonen%2C%20Tanja.pdf\r\n[30]. Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and Recovery: From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York, London: Harper Collins, Basic Books.\r\n[31]. Higgins, I., &amp; Conifer, D. (Producer). (2018). Closing the Gap review finds policy &#8216;effectively abandoned&#8217; amid &#8216;extensive funding cuts&#8217;. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2018-02-08\/closing-the-gap-review-finds-policy-effectively-abandoned-by-gov\/9405100\r\n[32]. Hirschberger, G. (2018). Collective Trauma and the Social Construction of Meaning. 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Craven (Ed.), Australian Quarterly Essay. Melbourne: Schwartz Publishing.\r\n[41]. McMullan, B. (2001). Reparations for the stolen generations &#8211; Government responds &#8211; Bob McMullan. Retrieved from Sydney, NSW: https:\/\/www.humanrights.gov.au\/reparations-stolen-generations-government-responds-bob-mcmullan\r\n[42]. Menzies, K. and Gilbert, S. (2013). Engaging communities. In: B. Bennett, S. Green, S. Gilbert and D. Bessarab, ed., Our voices: Aboriginal and Torress Strait Islander social work, 1st ed. South Yarra, Vic: Palgrave Macmillian, pp.50-72\r\n[43]. Milroy, H. (2018). A call on practitioners to play a stronger role on intergenerational trauma. Retrieved from https:\/\/croakey.org\/a-call-on-practitioners-to-play-a-stronger-role-on-intergenerational-trauma\/.\r\n[44]. National Congress of Australia&#8217;s First People. (2018). National Congress Criticises Indigenous Affairs Minister, Seeks Answers For Redirecting Funds [Press release]. 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Rudd, K. (2008). Apology to Australia\u2019s Indigenous People. Canberra: The House of Representatives, Australian Government Retrieved from Rudd K (2008) Apology to Australia\u2019s Indigenous People. Available at http:\/\/parlinfo.aph.gov.au\/parlInfo\/genpdf\/chamber\/hansardr\/2008-02-13\/0003\/hansard_frag.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf (1 December, 2017).\r\n[49]. Russell, L. (2018) Kevin Rudd\u2019s Indigenous apology: sorry, but not much has changed in 10 years. Features, Opinion and Commentary, Staff, Monash Indigenous Studies Centre (MISC) Retreived from https:\/\/arts.monash.edu\/news\/kevin-rudds-indigenous-apology-sorry-not-much-changed-10-years\/\r\n[50]. Sleath, E., &amp; Bull, R. (2017). Police perceptions of rape victims and the impact on case decision making: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 34, 102-112. doi:10.1016\/j.avb.2017.02.003\r\n[51]. Short, D. (2012) When sorry isn\u2019t good enough: Official remembrance and reconciliation in Australia July. Memory Studies 5(3):293-304\r\n[52]. Tasker, J. (Producer). (2017, 10\/12\/2018). Ottawa announces $800M settlement with Indigenous survivors of Sixties Scoop: Thousands of First Nations children placed in non-Indigenous care to be compensated. [Article] Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/ottawa-settle-60s-scoop-survivors-1.4342462\r\n[53]. Thorpe, N. (Producer). (2018). Government&#8217;s Indigenous budget strategy blasted for failures and hundreds of millions to non-Indigenous organisations. NITV. [Article] Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sbs.com.au\/nitv\/nitv-news\/explainer\/governments-indigenous-budget-strategy-blasted-failures-and-hundreds-millions-non\r\n[54]. United States Institute of Peace. (1990). Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation: English Translation. Retrieved from Notre Dame: https:\/\/www.usip.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/collections\/truth_commissions\/Chile90-Report\/Chile90-Report.pdf\r\n[55]. To acknowledge the 100th anniversary of the January 17, 1893 overthrow of the &#8216; Kingdom of Hawaii, and to offer an apology to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. , 107 STAT. 1510 PUBLIC LAW 103-150 C.F.R. (1993).\r\n[56]. H.R. 3326. Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2010, (2010).\r\n[57]. Wall, L., Higgins, D., &amp; Hunter, C. (2016). Trauma-informed care in child\/family welfare services Retrieved from Melbourne: https:\/\/aifs.gov.au\/cfca\/publications\/trauma-informed-care-child-family-welfare-services\r\n[58]. West, A. (Producer). (2005, 10\/12\/2018). Enough already! The Monthly. [Essay] Retrieved from https:\/\/www.themonthly.com.au\/monthly-essays-andrew-west-enough-already-archbishop-peter-jensen-surprise-scouge-john-howard-and-ma\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Karen Menzies &#8220;Beyond Public Acknowledgement to Action: The Role of Government in Supporting Recovery from Trauma for Indigenous People as a Result of Past Policies of Forcible Separation and Assimilation&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.120-127 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/120-127.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/120-127.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/beyond-public-acknowledgement-to-action-the-role-of-government-in-supporting-recovery-from-trauma-for-indigenous-people-as-a-result-of-past-policies-of-forcible-separation-and-assimilation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Beyond Public Acknowledgement to Action: The Role of Government in Supporting Recovery from Trauma for Indigenous People as a Result of Past Policies of Forcible Separation and Assimilation<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2677d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c2677d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2686c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2686c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c26a1a\" data-id=\"1c26a1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c26b4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c26b4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c26bf4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c26bf4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c26d58\" data-id=\"1c26d58\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c26e68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c26e68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c26f1e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c26f1e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2706b\" data-id=\"1c2706b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c27183 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c27183\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2721f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2721f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2739d\" data-id=\"1c2739d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c274b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c274b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Dual Contraception Prevalence among Seropositive Women in Discordant Marital Relationships in Nyatike Sub-County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ouma Mark Okungu Kadenyo, Dr. Paul Obino Ong\u2019anyi, Prof. Alfred Agwanda Otieno &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 128-137<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c27555 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c27555\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c276dd\" data-id=\"1c276dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2781e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c2781e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">HIV-discordant couples are faced with dual problem of preventing unwanted pregnancy and HIV transmission to uninfected partner. Dual contraception involving consistent use of condoms to prevent STIs\/HIV infection and another more effective modern contraceptive for pregnancy prevention has been recommended to offer dual protection for discordant couples. However a large proportion of new HIV infections and unwanted pregnancies in Sub-saharan Africa still occur in stable HIV-discordant partnerships and Nyatike Sub-county in Migori County, Kenya is no exception. The objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence of dual contraception, and to find out the most common form of dual contraception among seropositive women in discordant marital relationships in Nyatike Sub-county in Migori County, Kenya. A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Fourteen health facilities were purposively sampled within Nyatike Sub-county. A total of 174 randomly sampled seropositive women in discordant marital relationships were subjected to interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. Two focused group discussions (FGDs) involving fourteen seropositive women randomly sampled were conducted. Additionally, the study involved 28 in-depth interviews with fourteen randomly sampled seronegative men in discordant relationships and fourteen purposively sampled healthcare providers (key informants). Quantitative data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages while Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Tables were used to present research results. The study revealed low dual contraception prevalence 29.3%. Condom plus injections was the most used form of dual contraception to offer dual protection at 24.1%. Partner refusal, perceived and real side effects, religious beliefs and desire for biological child were the main barriers to dual contraception use. The study recommends formulation of HIV integrated FP programs that intensify efforts in improving knowledge of dual contraception use among seropositive women and its critical health benefits, coupled with encouraging constructive male partner communication and engagement in order to increase dual contraception uptake.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 128-137\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ouma Mark Okungu Kadenyo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Arts and Social Sciences, Rongo University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Paul Obino Ong\u2019anyi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences, Kibabii University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Alfred Agwanda Otieno<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPopulation Studies and Research Institute, University of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Antelman, G., Medley, A., Mbatia, R., Pals, S., Arthur, G. and Haberlen, S. et al (2015).\r\n[2]. Pregnancy Desire and Dual Method Contraceptive use among People Living with HIV Attending Clinical Care in kenya, Namibia and Tanzania. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2015 January41(1): el.doi:10.1136\/jfprhc-2013-100784.\r\n[3]. Bongomin, F., Chelangat, M., Eriatu, A., Onen, B. C., Cheputyo, P., Godmercy, S. A. \u2026 Obol, J. H. (2018). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Contraceptive Use among HIV-Infected Women of Reproductive Age Attending Infectious Disease Clinic at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Northern Uganda. Bio Med Research International. Retrieved from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/9680514\r\n[4]. Brown, J.L., Hennessy, M., Sales, J.M., DiClemente, R.J., Salazar, L.F., Vanable, P.A., et al. (2011). Multiple Method Contraception use among African American Adolescents in four US cities. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011; Jul 18 (Epub):765917.\r\n[5]. Brubaker, S.G., Bukusi, E.A., Odoyo, J., Achando, J., Okumu, A., and Cohen, C.R. (2010). Pregnancy and HIV Transmission among HIV-discordant couples in a clinical trial in Kisumu, Kenya. DOI:10,1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00884.x HIV medicine (2010).\r\n[6]. Chadwick, R.J., Mantell, J.E., Moodley, J., Harries, J., Zweigentha, V., and Cooper, D. (2011). Safer Conception Intervention for HIV- Affected Couples: Implications for Resource Constrained settings. Volume 19 issue 4 November 2011. Retrieved from www.19-4-148.pdf\r\n[7]. Chakrapani, V., Kershaw,T., Chunmugam, M., Newman, P.A., Cornman, D.H., and Dubrow, R., (2011). Prevalence of and Barriers to Dual-Contraceptive Methods Use among Married Men and Women Living with HIV in India. Hindawi Publishing Corporation: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume 2011, Article ID 376432, 8 pages http:\/\/doi:10.1155\/2011\/376432\r\n[8]. Curran, K., Baeten, J.M., Coates, J.T., Kurth, A., Mugo, R.N., and Celum, C. (2012). HIV-1Prevention for HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep.2012 June; 9(2):160-170.doi:10.1007\/s11904-012-0114-z. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\r\n[9]. Delvaux, T. and Nostlinger, C., (2007). Reproductive Choice for Women and Men Living with HIV: Contraception, Abortion and fertility. Reproductive Health Matters 2007; 15(29 supplement):46-660968-8080\/065. Retrieved from www.rhm-elservier.com no 20th December 2015.\r\n[10]. Eisenberg, D.L, Allsworth, J.E., Zhao, Q., Peipert, J.F. (2012). Correlates of dual-method contraceptive use: an analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth (2006-2008). Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012; Apr 17(Epub):717163.\r\n[11]. Gebrehiwot, S. W., Azeze, A. G., Robbles, C. C &amp; Adinew, Y. M. (2017). Utilization of dual contraception method among reproductive age women on antiretroviral therapy in selected public hospitals of Northern Ethiopia. Reproductive health, (2017); 14:125. doi 10.1186\/s12978-017-0390-6\r\n[12]. Grabbe, K., Stephenson, R., Vwalika, B., Ahmed, Y., Vwalika, B. M., Chomba, E., Karita, E., Kayitenkore, K., Tichacek, A. and Allen, S. (2008). Knowledge, Use, and Concerns about Contraceptive Methods among Sero-discordant Couples in Rwanda and Zambia. Journal of Women\u2019s Health Volume 18, November 2009. Doi:10.1089\/jwh.2008.1160.\r\n[13]. Haddad, L.B., Feldacker, C., Jamieson, J.D., Tweya, H., Cwiak, C., Chaweza, T.,et al., (2015). Pregnancy Prevantion and Condom Use Practices amon HIV infected Women on Antiretroviral Therapy Seeking Family planning in Lilongwe, Malawi. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0121039.doi:10.1371\/journal.\r\n[14]. Haddock, S., Hardee, K., Gay, J., Pawlack, P.M., and Stellini, C. (2008). Comprehensive HIV Prevention: Condoms and Contraceptive Count. Westland Printing Press (WPP).\r\n[15]. Higgins J.A, and Cooper, A.D. (2012). Dual use of condoms and contraceptives in the USA. Sexual Health 2012; 9 (1):73\u201380.\r\n[16]. Imbuki, K., Todd, C.S., Stibich, M.A., Shaffer, D.N., Sinei S.K. (2010). Factors Influencing Contraceptive Choice and Discontinuation among HIV-Positive Women in Kericho, Kenya.(AfrJ Reprod Health 2010; 14[4]: 103-114) Retrieved from www.rh10070-1.pdf\r\n[17]. Izugbara, C. O., Wekesah, F. M., Tilahun T., Amo-Adjei, J., and Tsala Dimbuene, Z. T. (2018). Family Planning in East Africa: Trends and Dynamics. African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya.\r\n[18]. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) and ICF Macro. 2015. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Calverton, Maryland: KNBS and ICF Macro.\r\n[19]. Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology. New Age International Publishers, New Delhi: India.\r\n[20]. Lewani, L.O., Onyebuchi, A.K., and Lyoke, C.A. (2014). 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Reproductive Decision-Making and Periconception Practices Among HIV-Positive Men and Women Attending HIV Services in Durban, South Africa. AIDS Behav (2013) 17:461\u2013470 DOI 10.1007\/s10461-011-0068-y. Retrieved from www.art%3A10.1007%2Fs10461-011-0068.y.pdf\r\n[25]. Mmeje, O., Cohen, C.R., and Cohan, D. (2012). Evaluating safer Conception Options for HIV-serodiscordant couples (HIV-infected Female\/ HIV-uninfected Male): A Closer Look at Vaginal insemination. Retrieved from http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/587651\r\n[26]. Mulongo, A. M., Lihana, R. W., Githuku, J., Gur, Z., &amp; Karanja, S. (2017). Factors associated with uptake of dual contraception among HIV-infected women in Bungoma County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study. The Pan African Medical Journal. 2017;28 (Supp 1):2. doi: 10.11604\/pamj.supp.2017.28.1.9289\r\n[27]. Munsakul, W., Lolekha, R., Kowadisaiburana, B., Roongpisuthipong, A., Jirajariyavej, S., Asavapiriyanont, S., \u2026, Martin, M. (2016). Dual contraceptive method use and pregnancy intention among people living with HIV receiving HIV care at six hospitals in Thailand. Reproductive Health, (2016) 13:8. doi 10.1186\/s12978-016-0123-2\r\n[28]. Okech, C.T., Wawire, W.N., and Mburu, T.K. (2011). Contraceptive Use among Women of Reproductive Age in Kenya\u2019s City Slums. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 1; January 2011. Retrieved from www.contraceptive-use-among-women-of-reproductve-age-in \u2013Kenya.pdf\r\n[29]. Okigbo, C.C., Speizer, S.I., Corroon, M. and Gueye, A. (2015). Exposure to Family Planning Messages and Modern Contraceptive Use among Men in Urban Kenya, Nigeria and Senegal: A cross-Sectional Study. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\r\n[30]. Oni, E.E., Ross, A., Van der Linde, S. (2013). Contraceptive practices amongst HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy attending an ART clinic in South Africa. Afr J Prm Health Care Fam Med. 2013;5(1), Art. #461, 6 pages. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4102\/ phcfm.v5i1.\r\n[31]. Orodho, A. J. &amp; Kombo, D.K. (2002). Research Methods. Nairobi: Kenyatta University, Institute of Open Learning.\r\n[32]. Patterson, S., Zhang, W., Salters, K., Chen, Y., Ogilvie, G., Hogg, R., and Kaida, A. (2014).Patterns and Predictors of dual Contraceptive Use among Sexually Active Treatment Experienced Women living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada. http:\/\/ www.biomed.com\r\n[33]. Paul, K.M., Koskei, A., Robert, T. and Amon, C., (2014). Determinants of Use of Modern Family Planning Methods: A Case of Baringo North District, Kenya. Science Journal of Public Health.Vol.2, No.5, 2014, pp.424-430. doi: 10.11648\/j.sjph.20140205.18\r\n[34]. Sagay, A.S., Onakewhor, J., Galadanci, H., and Emuveyan, E.E. (2006). HIV Status of Partners of HIV Positive Pregnant Women in Different Regions of Nigeria: Matters Arising. Afr J Med Med Sci 2006;35 Suppl:125-9.\r\n[35]. Strauss, A., &amp; Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park: Sage.\r\n[36]. Teklu, T. and Davey, G. (2008). Which factors influence North Ethiopian Adult\u2019s use of dual protection from unintended pregnancy and HIV\/AIDs? Ethiop.j Health Dev. 2008:22(3)\r\n[37]. Tsuyuki, K., Barbosa, M. R. and Pinho, A. A., (2013). Dual Protection and Dual Methods in Women Living with HIV: The Brazilian context. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases volume 2013, Article ID 540789, 8pages. Retrieved from http:\/\/idx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/540789\r\n[38]. World Health Organization (WHO), (2016). Number of people (all ages) living with HIV Estimates by country. Retrieved from http:\/\/apps.who.int\/gho\/data\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ouma Mark Okungu Kadenyo, Dr. Paul Obino Ong\u2019anyi, Prof. Alfred Agwanda Otieno &#8220;Dual Contraception Prevalence among Seropositive Women in Discordant Marital Relationships in Nyatike Sub-County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.128-137 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/128-137.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/128-137.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/dual-contraception-prevalence-among-seropositive-women-in-discordant-marital-relationships-in-nyatike-sub-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dual Contraception Prevalence among Seropositive Women in Discordant Marital Relationships in Nyatike Sub-County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2990c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c2990c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c29a0c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c29a0c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c29bc2\" data-id=\"1c29bc2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c29cee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c29cee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c29da0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c29da0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c29f0e\" data-id=\"1c29f0e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2a031 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2a031\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2a0d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2a0d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2a233\" data-id=\"1c2a233\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2a34d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2a34d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2a3fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2a3fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2a564\" data-id=\"1c2a564\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2a682 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2a682\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Relationship between Family type and Parental involvement on the Student\u2019s Deviant Behaviour in Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Janet Surum &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 138-141<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2a725 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2a725\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2a897\" data-id=\"1c2a897\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2a9c4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c2a9c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">There have been growing concerns about the increasing manifestations of deviant behaviours manifesting themselves in the form of maladjusted behaviours among students in Kenya. Such behaviours have continued to lower the academic achievement among learners and the effects go on to affect the nation. These behaviours have an impact on the kind of citizens the country will eventually have and has continued to produce. It is important to shed more light on the causal factors hence find a defined way of dealing with this behaviour by determining its antecedents. The purpose of this study was to address this gap by examining the influence of family type and parental involvement on the student deviant behaviours in Kericho County, Kenya. The objective of this study was to identify the variables of the family type and parental involvement, and their influence on the student deviant behaviour. The study was anchored on Urie Bronfenbrenner\u2019s Bioecological Theory of Human Development. A sample size of 300 respondents was used from a target study population size [N] of 125650.These were students studying in secondary schools of Kericho County. The study adopted a quantitative research design. Stratified random sampling was used to select schools included in the study, the informants of the study were selected purposively. The data for the study was obtained through questionnaires. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using a pilot study on four schools which would not be included in the final study. Cronbach Alpha\u2019s measure of internal consistency yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.84. Expert judgment and peer reviews were used to determine validity of the research instruments. Multiple regression was used as the data analysis method. Results of the study indicated a positive and significant relationship between the family type, parental involvement and the prevalence of the student deviant behaviour. The implication therefore is, parents ought to be sensitized on their critical role as members of the family unit in alleviating student deviant behaviours and thereby promoting academic achievement. If parents showed more involvement in the lives of their children both at home and at school, then deviant behaviour would be alleviated or minimized. The study recommends that the family type and parental involvement must be considered if at all the student deviant behaviours in Kericho County should minimize.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 138-141\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Janet Surum <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEAPM &amp; PF Department, University of Kabianga, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Amato, P. R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72 (3), 650\u2013666.\r\n[2]. Amato, P. R., &amp; Anthony, C. J. (2014). Estimating the effects of parental divorce and death with fixed effects models. Journal of Marriage and Family, 76 (2), 370\u2013386.\r\n[3]. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.\r\n[4]. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1990). Discovering what families do. In Rebuilding the Nest: A New Commitment to the American Family. Family Service America [web site]. &lt;http:\/\/www.montana.edu\/www4h\/process.html&gt;Henderson, Z. P. (1995). Renewing our social fabric. Human Ecology, 23(1), 16-19.\r\n[5]. Carlson, A. (2012). How parents influence deviant behaviour among adolescents: ananalysis of their family life, their community, and their peers. Perspectives New Hampshire\u2019s Sociology Journal, 42-51.\r\n[6]. Ella R, .E, Odok, A.O., &amp; Ella, G.E .(2015). Influence of Family Size and Family Type on Academic Performance of Students in Government in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education,2,108-114\r\n[7]. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2013). Exploring Kenya\u2019s inequality: Pulling apartor pooling together? Nairobi: Government Printers.\r\n[8]. Lee, S. H. (2012). Parental influence on children\u2019s achievement from Korea: Types of involvement, attributions, education, and income. ProQuest LLC.\r\n[9]. Malayi, A., Mauyo, L.W., &amp;Nassiuma, B.K. (2013). The impact of parenting styles onacquisition of deviant behaviour among children aged 8-18 years in westernKenya. Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies, Vol.2 (10), 496-501.\r\n[10]. Mbuthia, W. W. (2013). \u201cPerceived factors influencing deviant behaviour among the youth in Njathaini community, (Unpublished Master&#8217;s Thesis). Nairobi, Kenya:Kenyatta University.\r\n[11]. Mugenda, O. M., &amp; Mugenda, A. (2003). Research methods- quantitative andqualitative approaches, Nairobi, Kenya: African Centre for Technology Studies.\r\n[12]. National Authority for the Campaign against Alcohol and Drug Abuse (2012). RapidSituation Assessment of the Status of Drug and Substance Abuse in Kenya,Nairobi, Kenya: Government Printers.\r\n[13]. Oboka, A.W. (2010). The relationship between traumatic experiences and mentalhealth of orphans and vulnerable children in western province, Kenya.(Unpublished PhD Thesis) Kenya: Masinde Muliro University of Science andTechnology.\r\n[14]. Pong, S., &amp; Ju, D. B. (2000). The effects of change in family structure and income on dropping out of middle and high school. Journal of Family Issues, 21, 147\u2013169.\r\n[15]. Republic of Kenya (2013a). Basic education act, Nairobi: Government Printers.\r\n[16]. Torrente, G., &amp;Vazsonyi, A, T. (2012). Adolescence and social deviance. Anales de Psicolog\u00eda, Vol.28 (3), 639-642\r\n[17]. Sutherland, A. (2011). The relationship between school and youth offending. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, Vol.37, 1-19.\r\n[18]. United Nations\u2019 Children\u2019s Fund (2013). Annual report on Kenya, New York, USA: UNICEF\r\n[19]. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2013). Making education a priority in the post-2015 development agenda: Report of the global thematic consultation\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Janet Surum &#8220;The Relationship between Family type and Parental involvement on the Student\u2019s Deviant Behaviour in Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.138-141 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/138-141.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/138-141.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-relationship-between-family-type-and-parental-involvement-on-the-students-deviant-behaviour-in-secondary-schools-in-kericho-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Relationship between Family type and Parental involvement on the Student\u2019s Deviant Behaviour in Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2b837 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c2b837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2b923 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2b923\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2bab3\" data-id=\"1c2bab3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2bbed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2bbed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2bc92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2bc92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2bde9\" data-id=\"1c2bde9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2dbf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2dbf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2dd01 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2dd01\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2decb\" data-id=\"1c2decb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e004 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2e004\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e0b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2e0b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e21b\" data-id=\"1c2e21b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e33a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2e33a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e3e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2e3e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e555\" data-id=\"1c2e555\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e68c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2e68c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of the Implementation of Voluntary Assets Disclosure with Final Rates (VAD-FR) Policy in Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ayun Fitri Hastuti, Dr. Isharyanto, S.H, M.Hum, Prof. Dr. I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, S.H., M.M &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 142-147<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e738 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2e738\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e8a4\" data-id=\"1c2e8a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e9cf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c2e9cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study discusses the Voluntary Assets Disclosure with Final Rates Policy imposed after the Tax Amnesty (TA) policy in Indonesia. The community considers this policy to be the second Tax Amnesty volume, but this policy further addresses the restorative aspects and aims to provide taxpayers with the opportunity to carry out tax payments before the tax team checks them. This study uses a literature study that is sourced from the Government Regulations and applicable Minister of Finance Regulations. The results of the study show that one of the objectives of the TA program that has passed is to anticipate the increasingly open information on Indonesia&#8217;s economic transactions, so that there is a need for special programs to improve tax compliance. Minister of Finance Regulation Number 165 \/ PMK.03 \/ 2016 still provides incentives and return opportunities to improve the level of tax compliance for taxpayers. To anticipate this, it is recommended that all taxpayers, both those who have joined the Tax Amnesty and those who do not, still have hidden assets to immediately utilize the VAD-FR procedure because this program has no time period. The low level interest of people who follow this policy has made the Ministry of Finance, especially the Tax Directorate, provide incentives and intensify socialization of the VAD-FR policy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 142-147\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayun Fitri Hastuti<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Isharyanto, S.H, M.Hum<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Dr. I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, S.H., M.M<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Reference are not available.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ayun Fitri Hastuti, Dr. Isharyanto, S.H, M.Hum, Prof. Dr. I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, S.H., M.M &#8220;Analysis of the Implementation of Voluntary Assets Disclosure with Final Rates (VAD-FR) Policy in Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.142-147 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/142-147.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/142-147.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-the-implementation-of-voluntary-assets-disclosure-with-final-rates-vad-fr-policy-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Analysis of the Implementation of Voluntary Assets Disclosure with Final Rates (VAD-FR) Policy in Indonesia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2f8bb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c2f8bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2f9b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2f9b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2fb47\" data-id=\"1c2fb47\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2fc6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2fc6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2fd0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2fd0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c2fe81\" data-id=\"1c2fe81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2ffa2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2ffa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c30042 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c30042\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c30196\" data-id=\"1c30196\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c302b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c302b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c30353 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c30353\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c304a0\" data-id=\"1c304a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c31a90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c31a90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c31b7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c31b7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c31d47\" data-id=\"1c31d47\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c31e90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c31e90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Concept of Human Dignity in Islamic Thought<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Vaffi Foday Sheriff &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 148-155<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c31f3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c31f3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c320b4\" data-id=\"1c320b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c321ed elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c321ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper focuses on human dignity in Islamic thought. It has been presented in seven segments beginning with an introduction and followed by conceptual definition of the related terms and the differences between dignity and pride. The paper also discussed the views of some Muslim scholars on Human dignity. It further examines the position of Islamic thought on some articles in universal declaration of Human Rights and the inherent Dignity. Moreover, some ethics that help in preserving human dignity are highlighted. The researcher adopted in writing this paper, a critical analytical method to achieve the objectives of the research.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 148-155\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Vaffi Foday Sheriff<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Reference are not available.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Vaffi Foday Sheriff &#8220;Concept of Human Dignity in Islamic Thought&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.148-155 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/148-155.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/148-155.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/concept-of-human-dignity-in-islamic-thought\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Concept of Human Dignity in Islamic Thought<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c33043 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c33043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c3371d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c3371d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c337bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c337bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c33911\" data-id=\"1c33911\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c33a2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c33a2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c33acf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c33acf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c33c2a\" data-id=\"1c33c2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c33d31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c33d31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c33ddc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c33ddc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c33f46\" data-id=\"1c33f46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c3405e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c3405e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Acquisition Modes of Collections in the Addabor and Centenary Libraries of the Tamale and Bagabaga Colleges of Education in Ghana<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abubakari Iddirisu &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 156-162<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c340fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c340fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c34277\" data-id=\"1c34277\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c34546 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c34546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper sought to explore the acquisition modes of collections in the libraries of Tamale and Bagabaga Colleges of Education in Ghana. The population consisted of all the library staff in both colleges. In all, the sixteenlibrary staffs of the two libraries were use as respondents. Centenary Library has four library staff and Addabor library has twelve library staff. The entire population was used for the study. Archival and structured interview were used as data collection instruments\/tools of the study. The study findings revealed that the two libraries largely build their collections through donations aside the few collections from purchase, exchange, interlibrary loan and consortia. The findings also indicated that donation was the most infectious (bookworm, termites, fungi, silverfish, rodents, booklice) acquisition mode in the Addabor and Centenary libraries.\r\nThe study concludes that both libraries largely build their collections through donations and gifts. The purpose of the study was to add to academic knowledge of the field, fill literature gap, serve as a policy document to acquisition librarians, Ministry of Education and Princof in their bid to building relevant collections to meet user needs. The recommendations from the study which include recruitment of more professional librarians, training of acquisition librarians, provision of enough funding, provision of enough infrastructure, provision of preservation chemicals for the treatment of infected collections and assertiveness in the refusal of being dumping grounds for irrelevant collections. Collections of libraries are acquired to meet the objective of advancing knowledge and wisdom to promote sustainable and comprehensive education for national development.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 156-162\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakari Iddirisu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Librarian, Addabor Library Department and Information Literacy Unit, Tamale College of Education, Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Agee,J., (2005) C0llection evaluation : A foundation for collection development. Collection building 24(3), 92-93.\r\n[2]. Agyekum, B.O &amp; Filson , C.K.(2012) The challenges of school libraries after the implementation of the new educational reforms in Ghana. Library philosophy and practice(e-journal) Paper 932. http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilprac\/932.Accessed (July 23, 2013)\r\n[3]. Agyemang, K.B., &amp; Dadzie, P.,(2010) .Providing information and communication technology support to distance education students: A case study of University of Ghana. Turkish Online Journal of Distance \u2013TOJDE July 2010 ISBN 1302-6488, vol.11 3Article 6\r\n[4]. Aina, L.O.(2002). Africa journal of library, archives and information science research in Africa. African journal of library archives and information science , 12(2) 167-172.\r\n[5]. Alberico, R., (2002). Academic library consortia in transaction. New direction for Higher Education.\r\n[6]. Allen, B.M., &amp; Hirshon, A., (1998).Hanging together to avoid hanging separately: Opportunities for academic libraries and consortia. Information technology and libraries, 17(1),36-44. Balancing Act for the future 437\r\n[7]. Alemna, A. A., (1990) The school library in Ghanaian education :an analysis of issues and problems. Nigerian Library and Information ScienceReview, 8(2):1-9\r\n[8]. Alemna, A.A., (1998).School libraries in Ghana: A state of the Art report. http:\/\/www.iaslonline.org\/pubs\/slw\/slwjuly98.html.Accessed (July 19,2013)\r\n[9]. Alemna, A.A., (2000). Libraries information and society , Ghana: University press Accra P9.\r\n[10]. Enstua \u2013Mensah,C., &amp; Ahwoi, E., (2009). Functional literacy for purposeful education in Ghana: The need for a school library policy http:\/\/ir.ucc.edu.gh\/dspace\/handle\/123456789\/1001.Accessed (JULY 19, 2013\r\n[11]. Evans, G.E.,(2002a). Management issues of cooperative ventures and consortia in the USA, part1.Library management, 23(4\/5), 213-226.\r\n[12]. Evans, G.E.,(2002b). Management issues of consortia, Part2. Library management ,23(6\/7), 275-286\r\n[13]. Kaur, Sarbrinder, &amp;Satija, M. P., (2007).Collection development in digital environment trends and problems.SRELS Journal of Information Management, 44(2),139\u2013155.\r\n[14]. Kinner, L. &amp; Crosetto, A.( 2009). Balancing Act for the Future: How the Academic Library Engages in Collection Development at the Local and Consortial Levels Journal of Library Administration, 49:419\u2013437, 2009Copyright \u00a9 Central Michigan University ISSN: 0193-0826 print \/ 1540-3564 online DOI: 10.1080\/01930820902832561\r\n[15]. Kohl, D.F., &amp; Sanville , T.,(2006). More bang for buck: Increasing the effectiveness of library expenditures through cooperation. Library trends, 54(3), 394-410.\r\n[16]. Kopp, J. J., (1998). Library consortia and information technology: The past, the present, the promise. Information technology and libraries, 17(1) 7-12.\r\n[17]. Morgan,E.L.,(1998).Resource sharing and consortia, or, becoming a 600-pound gorilla. Computers in libraries, 18(4), 40-41\r\n[18]. Olaojo, P. O., &amp; Akewukereke, M. A. (2006). Collection development policies: Ground rules for planning university libraries. Library Philosophy and Practice, 9(1), 1\u20135.\r\n[19]. Online Compuer library Centre(2015-2016). Membership of the cooperation of the online computer library centre. OLCL .United State of America (USA).\r\n[20]. Peters, T. A. (2003). Consortia and their discontents.Journal of Academic Librarianship, 29(2), 111\u2013114.\r\n[21]. Potter, W.G.,(1997).Recent Trends in statewide academic library consortia. Library trends, 4(3), 416-43.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abubakari Iddirisu &#8220;Acquisition Modes of Collections in the Addabor and Centenary Libraries of the Tamale and Bagabaga Colleges of Education in Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.156-162 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/156-162.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/156-162.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/acquisition-modes-of-collections-in-the-addabor-and-centenary-libraries-of-the-tamale-and-bagabaga-colleges-of-education-in-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Acquisition Modes of Collections in the Addabor and Centenary Libraries of the Tamale and Bagabaga Colleges of Education in Ghana<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c35428 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c35428\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c35516 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c35516\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c356a4\" data-id=\"1c356a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c357d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c357d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c35876 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c35876\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c359f0\" data-id=\"1c359f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c35b0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c35b0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Study Environment towards Learning<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abubakar Ayuba Fusami &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 163-169<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c35bb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c35bb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c35d1e\" data-id=\"1c35d1e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c35e4b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c35e4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study seeks to unveil the effect of students\u2019 study environment on their learning considering productive performance of school students study environment when compared to unproductive study environment. School learning environment is limited by a number of factors employed to address the relationships between characteristics students\u2019 learning environment in the context of the individual student. Do specific nature of students\u2019 study environments within which students learn (such asstudy location, study time, silence, noise etcetera) have any real impact on the quality of learning outcomes or will students do well irrespective of their study environments? Such questions are not just theoretically interesting, but also have a practically significant for school educators seeking to understand the impact for their design approach to decisions on students\u2019 study environment. The research uses questionnaire in data collection where random sampling technique was administered to obtain the views of the students with regard to their study environment. The result shows significance to some of these factorswhile others do not.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 163-169\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar Ayuba Fusami<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Surveying and Geo-informatics, ATBU Bauchi Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">. Adebimpe, A. O., (1997).Improvisation of Science Teaching Resources. Proceedings of40th annual conference of STAN, (pacs\u201997), Kano, Nigeria, pp:55-60.\r\n[2]. Agina-obu, T. N. (2005). The relevance of instructional materials in teaching andlearning in robert-okah. I &amp;uzoeshi, k.c. (ed). Theories and practice of teaching,port harcourt: Harey publication.\r\n[3]. Aguisibo, B. C., (1998). Laboratory and resources utilization: funding by integratedscience teachers. Afr. J. Educ., pp:1:29-36.\r\n[4]. Akanbi, I.A. (2013). The Factors Responsible for Low Enrolment in Physics in Nigerian Secondary Schools with Particular Reference to OgbomosoL.G.A. Unpublished M.S.C (M. Ed.) Research Project.\r\n[5]. Ahmad, M. (2012). \u201cA survey of the Learning and Teaching Problems of History in Secondary Schools in Soba Local Government Area of Kaduna State of Nigeria\u201d. An Unpublished (M.Ed) Thesis.\r\n[6]. Alf Lizzio, Keithia Wilson &amp; Roland Simons (2012). University Students\u2019 Perceptions of the Learning Environment and Academic Outcomes: implications for theory and practice. Volume 27, No. 1, School of Applied Psychology, Grif\u008eth University, Australia\r\n[7]. Carmen Ramsey and Aly Witter, (2010). Ideal Study Environment and Factors That Influence Studying. Western University, Carolina.\r\n[8]. Microsoft Encarta(2009). Microsoft Encarta Student Program Manager One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052-6399 U.S.A. encwish@microsoft.com\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abubakar Ayuba Fusami &#8220;Effect of Study Environment towards Learning&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.163-169 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/163-169.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/163-169.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-study-environment-towards-learning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Study Environment towards Learning<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c36c75 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c36c75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c36d54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c36d54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c37018\" data-id=\"1c37018\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c3718f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c3718f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c3724c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c3724c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c373f0\" data-id=\"1c373f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c37526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c37526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effects of Terrorism on Nigeria\u2019s National Security<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Orkar, Oryina Michael-David, Shaminja, Tersoo Solomon, Nev, Timothy Terwase &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 170-175<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c375de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c375de\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c37774\" data-id=\"1c37774\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c378b6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c378b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">For any nation to achieve development and national security all sectors must be at optimum levels of operations. Terrorism in the recent past has been a menace to society. This has been in operation in foreign lands but today is on the increase in Nigeria. The major thrust of this paper is to find out whether and how terrorism has affected Nigeria\u2019s national security. The method adopted for this study is survey design. Questionnaires were administered and relevant data generated from responses. On the premise of the findings of this research, this study concludes that terrorism has negative effects on Nigeria\u2019s national security. The study therefore, recommends modernization and harmonization of intelligence gathering mechanisms in Nigeria, placement of structures of good governance as well as a reorientation of Nigeria towards participating in voting activities and intelligence gathering.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 170-175\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Orkar, Oryina Michael-David<\/strong><\/span>\r\nStrategy and Governance, Programme, Institute of Food Security, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shaminja, Tersoo Solomon<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, University of Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nev, Timothy Terwase<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMarket and Institutions Programme, Institute of Food Security, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">. Abubakar, A. (2005). The Challenges of Security in Nigeria.Newswatch February, 21.\r\n[2]. Adebanjoko, E.A. Ojua, T. and Okorie, N. (2017). Terrorism and Security Challenges in Nigeria\u2019s Socio-Political Development in the Fourth Republic in Nigeria. Lagos, Bahiti and Dalila Publishers.\r\n[3]. Ajaebilli, C.N. (2011). The Option of Economic Diplomacy in Nigeria\u2019s Foreign Policy. International Journal of Humanities and Sciences (1)7.\r\n[4]. Ajodo, A. and Okorie, N. (2014).Corruption and the Challenges of Insecurity in Nigeria.Political Economy Implications.Global Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences.\r\n[5]. Alaku, E. and Nwankwo, A. (2017).Perspectives on the Crisis in North-Eastern Nigeria in the Fourth Republic in Nigeria Security Democracy in Nigeria Series. Bahiti Dalila Publishers.\r\n[6]. Arisi, R. (2011). Social Studies Educaiton as a Panacea for National Security in Nigeria. Journal of African Review 5(2).\r\n[7]. Awodola, B. and Agyeno, O. (2015). Terrorism in Northern Nigeria: A Threat to Food Security in Maiduguri. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 6(3).\r\n[8]. Ayegba, V. (2016). Interrogating the Performance of Security Agencies and Challenges of Prevailing Insecurity in Nigeria in Urbanization, Security and Development Issues in Nigeria in Ukase, P. Zaria A.B.U Press.\r\n[9]. Babangida, M. (2011). The Search for National Security in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects. A Paper presented at ObafemiAwolowo Institute of Government and Public Policy, Lagos.\r\n[10]. Booth, K. (2007). Theory of World Security, Cambridge, University Press.\r\n[11]. Boyle, J. (2009). Nigeria\u2019s Taliban Enigma.Retrieved from BBC News: 28 July, 2009.BBC.COM.\r\n[12]. Bozimo, E. (2010). Terrorism and Terrorism: The Nigerian Typology: A Challenge to Social Studies Education, University of Jos Inaugural Lecture: Series 46 October.\r\n[13]. Chotia, F. (2015). Who are Nigeria\u2019s Boko Haram Islamist. Retrieved from BBC Africa http:\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world.africa.\r\n[14]. Crenshaw, M. (2012). Terrorism as an International Security Problem in Normite J.H (Ed) Priates, Terrorists and Warlords: The History, Influence, and Future of Armed Groups Around the Word. New York Sky Horse Publishing.\r\n[15]. Egboe, N. Uche, N. and Alichie, O. (2015). Curbing Boko Haram Terrorist Insurgence in Nigeria: Imperatives of Quadruple Action Package of Limited Military Response, Improved Social Services, Conflict Resolution Initiatives and Modified Pacifism. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences Vol.2 20(1).\r\n[16]. Elaigwu, I. (2013). \u201cSecurity and Peace\u201d: The Imperatives for National Development. Text of Seventh FRCN Annual October Lecture, Shehu Musa Yar\u2019Adua Centre, Abuja. October.\r\n[17]. Faleti, S. (2006). Theories of Social Conflict in Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies in West Africa, Ibadan, Spectrum Books Limited.\r\n[18]. Hughes, M. and Kroechlen, C. (2008). Sociology: The Core, 8th Ed. London, Mcgraw Hill International Ed.\r\n[19]. Kwaghe, Z. (2015). Terrorism an Albatross to the Fulfillment of Education for all in North East Nigeria: 2009:2015.VUNA Journal of History and International Relations Vol.2 Nov.2.\r\n[20]. NPC (2008). Sentinel Survey of the National Population Programme Baseline Report 2008, Abuja, National Population Commission.\r\n[21]. Okechukwu, N and Ogochukwu, I. (2018). The Challenges of National Security in Nigeria: A Threat to Democratic Stability 1999-2012. In Search of Security in Nigeria Essays in Honor of Olayemi Durotimi Akinwumi, Eiwa Press Nigeria Limited Jos.\r\n[22]. Olademeji, M. and Orensanwo, A.(2014).Effects of Terrorism on International Business in Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 4 (7)\r\n[23]. Pasquino, G. (1987). \u201cTerrorism\u201d Political Science and Political Theory. London and New York: Jessica Kuper, Routledge and Kegan Paul.\r\n[24]. Stephen, M. and Orokpo, F. (2016). Terrorism and the National Question in Nigeria in Genyi, M. The National Question and Development in Nigeria Vol.2 Dona Frique Publishers.\r\n[25]. Williams, P. (2008). Security Studies: An Introduction (Ed) New York Rootledge.\r\n[26]. Yunusa, M. and Adeoye, M. (2008).Terrorism and the Quest for Sustainable Democracy and Development.In Saliu, H. Jimoh I. Yusuf, N. and Ojo. E. (Eds) (2008), Faculty of Business and Social science University of Ilorin.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Orkar, Oryina Michael-David, Shaminja, Tersoo Solomon, Nev, Timothy Terwase &#8220;Effects of Terrorism on Nigeria\u2019s National Security&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.170-175 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/170-175.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/170-175.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effects-of-terrorism-on-nigerias-national-security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effects of Terrorism on Nigeria\u2019s National Security<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c3890e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c3890e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c38a2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c38a2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c38bdb\" data-id=\"1c38bdb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c38d19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c38d19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c38de1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c38de1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c38f4b\" data-id=\"1c38f4b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c39077 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c39077\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c39120 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c39120\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c392bb\" data-id=\"1c392bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c393e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c393e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Study of Employee Attrition Rate at Selected Manufacturing Industry<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Jasneet Kaur, Harish K.Padmanabhan &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 176-181<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c39486 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c39486\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c39603\" data-id=\"1c39603\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c3972c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c3972c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2951\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2951\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Employee attrition means not only loosing employee, it also reflects to loss customer from organization. The impact of employee attrition proves negative sign in terms of less productivity and employee morale. Higher rate of employee attrition shows failure of organizational efficiency in terms of retaining skilled employee. The main objective of this study is to examine the work related causes for employee dissatisfaction at work place that results to attrition. The outcome of this research can be utilized for redesigning the HR policies and practices and take corrective actions to reduce the attrition rate.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 176-181\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2952\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2952\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jasneet Kaur<\/strong><\/span>\r\nStudent, Department of MBA, SNJB KBJ COE, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Harish K.Padmanabhan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of MBA, SNJB KBJ COE, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2953\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2953\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Harish K.Padmanabhan (2019), \u201cA Study on Impact of Employee Absenteeism in Selected Manufacturing Industry\u201d, International Journal of Current Engineering and Scientific Research, Volume 06, Issue 01, ISSN 2394- 0697. Pp 14-20.\r\n[2]. Bhagyashree More &amp; Harish K.Padmanabhan (2017), \u201cA Comparative Study on Employees Job Satisfaction Level Using Herzberg Two Factor and Maslow\u2019s Need Theory With Reference to Manufacturing Industry\u201d, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, Volume I, Issue I, January 2017, ISSN 2454 -6186, Pp 33-38.\r\n\r\n[3]. T. Narayana Rao &amp; T. Subbarayudu (2017), \u201cNine Elements that Trigger Employee Attrition \u2013 A Study on BPO\u2019s Vishakapatnam\u201d, International Journal of Current Engineering and Scientific Research , Volume -4, Issue -6, Pp 18-23.\r\n[4]. N.Silpa (2015), \u201cA Study on Reasons of Attrition and Strategies for Employee Retention\u201d International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 12, Pp.57-60.\r\n[5]. Brijesh Kishore Goswami &amp; Sushmita Jha (2012), &#8220;Attrition Issues and Retention Challenges of Employees\u201d, International Journal of Scientific &amp; Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 4, ISSN 2229-5518,Pp-01-06.\r\n[6]. Prasad L.M.(2011),Human Resource Management, Sultan Chand and Sons Educational Publications, New Delhi.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2954\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2954\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jasneet Kaur, Harish K.Padmanabhan &#8220;A Study of Employee Attrition Rate at Selected Manufacturing Industry&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.176-181 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/176-181.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2955\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2955\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/176-181.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2956\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2956\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-study-of-employee-attrition-rate-at-selected-manufacturing-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Study of Employee Attrition Rate at Selected Manufacturing Industry <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4675b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c4675b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c46848 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c46848\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c46a0a\" data-id=\"1c46a0a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c46b72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c46b72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c46c1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c46c1b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c46d89\" data-id=\"1c46d89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c46eac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c46eac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c46f4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c46f4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c470c6\" data-id=\"1c470c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c471d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c471d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Management of Financial Inclusion Strategy in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Alphonsus Chukwu Ajugwe, PhD. &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 182-191<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c4727f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c4727f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c473e2\" data-id=\"1c473e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4750f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c4750f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2961\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2961\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2962\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2962\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2963\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2963\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2964\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2964\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2965\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2965\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2966\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2966\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2961\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2961\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2961\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Financial Inclusion is becoming a very important component in the financial system because of its obvious advantages as a stimulus to economic growth and stability. This underpins the fact that Financial Inclusion is regarded as panacea for poverty alleviation in the developing countries. To this end, the Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) has been on the driver\u2019s seat for the introduction, projection, and the success of the scheme in Nigeria.\r\nThe aim of this paper is to critically examine and to illustrate different strategies adopted by the CBN in particular and other governmental agencies in stimulating Financial Inclusion, the extent of the success of the scheme, its positive impact on the economy and challenges facing full realization of the objectives of Financial Inclusion in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 182-191\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 Febuary 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2962\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2962\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2962\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alphonsus Chukwu Ajugwe, PhD. <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2963\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2963\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2963\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abdulkarim, A.S. (2011): \u201cSources and Application of Funds in Non-interest Bank in Nigeria\u201d Bullion publication Central Bank of Nigeria, volume 35, No 3-2011.\r\n[2]. Bamadele, A (2005) \u201cThe Imperative of E-Banking for Monetary Policy in Nigeria\u201d Economic and Financial Review March 2005 volume 43-Number 1, Central Bank of Nigeria publication.\r\n[3]. Burgess, R and R Pande (2005): \u201cCan rural banks reduce poverty? Evidence from the Indian social banking experiment\u201d. America Economic Review, vol. 95(3), pp. 780-95.\r\n[4]. Central Bank of Nigeria (2007)\u201dKnow Your Customer Manual for Banks and Other Financial Institutions in Nigeria\u201d from www.cbn.ng.org. \/ out public\/BSD\/2003\/Kym.\r\n[5]. Central Bank of Nigeria (2010): \u201cCircular-Penalty for non-compliance with CBN circular guidelines on ATM operators.\u201d See www cbn.ng.org (2010.)\r\n[6]. Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2003)\r\n[7]. \u201cFinancial Inclusion in Nigeria\u201d (2015): Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, from en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Financial inclusion.\r\n[8]. Jibrin Musa(2011): \u201cIslamic Banking, How has it diffused?\u201d Economic and Financial Review, Volume 40, Number 2,Central Dank of Nigeria publication.\r\n[9]. Levine, R (2005): \u201cFinance and growth: theory and evidence\u201d. In Aghion and S Durlauf (ed), handbook of Economic Growth, Elsevier.\r\n[10]. Martin Oluba N. PhD. (2008):\u201dBasic Thoughts on Reversing the trend of Financial Inclusion in Nigeria\u201d Article published in the Economic Reflection Journal Volume 8, Number21, August 2008.\r\n[11]. Moghalu, K.C. (2012) \u201cThe challenge of financial inclusion, the Nigeria perspective\u201d being a test of remark at the System, Stability organized by Central Bank of Nigeria (2011) global policy.\r\n[12]. MobolaIshala \u201cThe Role of Non-interest Banking in Nigeria\u201d National Economic Development.\r\n[13]. NirupamMehratraet\u2019al (2009): \u201cFinancial Inclusion-An overview\u201d.Occasional paper by the Department of Economics Analysis and Research National Board for Agriculture and Rural Development, India.\r\n[14]. National Insurance Company (NAICOM), publications.\r\n[15]. National Financial inclusion Strategy Summary Report (2012): Central Bank of Nigeria.\r\n[16]. Okorie, A.(1990) \u201cRural Banking in Nigeria Determine the appropriate Policy Variables IMF\u201d: A Research Report \u2013Africa Rural Social Science Series 1990\r\n[17]. Stephen Sinclair et\u2019 al (2008) \u201cUnderstanding Financial Inclusion: Using Action Research and a knowledge exchange review to establish what is agreed and what remains contested\u201d Published by Friends Provident Foundation Pixham End Darking Survey RH4 1QA.\r\n[18]. UkpaiKema and Mustapha Adigun(2013)\u201cFinancial Inclusion in Nigeria Issue and Challenges\u201dOccasional Paper Number 45 publication by Central Bank of Nigeria, August 2013\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2964\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2964\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2964\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Alphonsus Chukwu Ajugwe, PhD. &#8220;Management of Financial Inclusion Strategy in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.182-191 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/182-191.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2965\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2965\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2965\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/182-191.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2966\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2966\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2966\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/management-of-financial-inclusion-strategy-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Management of Financial Inclusion Strategy in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4851d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c4851d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c4861d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c4861d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c487a3\" data-id=\"1c487a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c488d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c488d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c48976 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c48976\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c48ae1\" data-id=\"1c48ae1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c48bfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c48bfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Relationship between HIV and AIDS Impact and Services Delivery among Moi University Staff<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Naftal Michira Nyang\u2019ara &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 192-195<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c48c9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c48c9e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c48e12\" data-id=\"1c48e12\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c48f4e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c48f4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2961\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2961\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2962\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2962\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2963\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2963\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2964\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2964\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2965\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2965\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2966\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2966\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2961\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2961\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2961\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The unprecedented effect of HIV and AIDS in Africa cannot be over-emphasized as it takes its toll mainly on the active age population of 15-49 years. This age group is the main workforce of any nation and, unfortunately, the most vulnerable to infection of HIV. There has been growing concern about the devastating impact of HIV and AIDS in many workplaces. In response, many universities have developed university specific HIV and AIDS policies for impact mitigation in the workplace. Moi University is a public institution with a large workforce hence targeted in the current study. Realizing the negative impact that HIV and AIDS has on workplaces and the importance of having an HIV and AIDS workplace policy, this study sought to determine the relationship between HIV and AIDS impact and services delivery by the staff of Moi University. The study, whose main concern was about services delivery at Moi University, targeted teaching staff, non-teaching staff and senior management. To achieve this objective, the study used ex-post facto research design and stratified sampling technique in the selection of the study sample. A study sample made up of 330 participants was used for the study. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection. These included Workplace Testing Questionnaire, document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Primary data was collected by use of self-administered questionnaires and interview schedules, while secondary data was collected from libraries. The study used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v 22.0) program to analyze the data collected. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically through coding. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The descriptive statistics included frequencies and means. Correlation analysis was used to test hypotheses (to test the relationship between the independent and dependent variables). The findings revealed that 25.2% agreed and 17.0% of the participants strongly agreed that they knew of a staff member who had died from HIV. It also emerged that 37.2% of the participants believed that HIV had led to loss of tacit skills. The analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between teaching staff and non-teaching staff (r= .657), senior management and non-teaching staff (.529) senior management and teaching staff (r= .479). The study concluded that HIV and AIDS had impact on services delivery. Following this, the study recommended more involvement of senior top level university managers for clear understanding that HIV and AIDS is a workplace problem with serious consequences on services delivery. The study is, therefore, expected to be of great significance to universities in addressing the impact of HIV and AIDS on services delivery.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 192-195\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2962\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2962\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2962\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Naftal Michira Nyang\u2019ara<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, School of Education, Laikipia University, P.O. Box 1100-20300, Nyahururu- Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2963\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2963\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2963\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abt. Associates Inc. (2000). The impact of HIV and AIDS on current and future population characteristics and demographics in Botswana. Gaborone: Ministry of Finance and development planning in collaboration with the UNDP and Ministry of Health.\r\n[2]. ADEA, (2000).The challenge of Learning:Improving the Quality of Basic Education in Sub-Saharan Africa.13 avenue du Ghana \u2013 BP 323 \u2013 1002 (ADEA).\r\n[3]. Bennell, P. S. (2003). The impact of AIDS epidemic on teacher mortality in sub-Saharan Africa.Knowledge and skills for development. Brighton, UK.\r\n[4]. Carm, M. (1999).Draft Report. Evaluation of Stromme. Foundation child SponsorshipProgramme. Miami, University Press.\r\n[5]. Caillods, C., Kelly, M. J. &amp;Tournier, B. (2008).IIEP brief for planner, HIV and AIDS: challenges and approaches with the education sector. Paris: UNESCO Institute for Educational Planning.\r\n[6]. Carr-Hill, R., Kataboro, &amp;Katahoire, A., (2000).HIV\/AIDS and Education.Unpublished Draft report by Institute of Development, University of Dar-es-salaam and University of Makerere\r\n[7]. Castro, V., Duthilleul, Y. &amp;Caillods, F. (2007).Teacher absences in an HIV and AIDS context: evidence from nine schools in Kavango and Caprivi (Namibia). Paris: IIEP-UNESCO.\r\n[8]. Education International (2006).Training for Life. Draft report, Teacher Training on HIV\/AIDS, EI, Brussels, May.\r\n[9]. Ferguson, A. &amp; Johnston, T. (1999).AIDS, Gender and school drop-out. Population Communication Africa, Queen\u2019s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland.\r\n[10]. Government of Botswana, DFID.(2000, December).The impact on HIV\/Aids on Primary and Secondary Education in Botswana: Developing a comprehensive strategic response. DfID.\r\n[11]. International Labour Organization (ILO) (2001). ILO Code of Practice. Geneva: ILO.\r\n[12]. Kelly, M. (2000).Planning for education in the context of HIV\/AIDS.IIEP Fundamental of Educational Planning, No.66. Paris: UNESCO.\r\n[13]. Kelly, M. (2006).Education and AIDS: Are we too optimistic? Paper presented at the regional workshop on good practices in education sector responses to HIV\/AIDS in Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa, 12\u201314 September 2006\u20132010.\r\n[14]. Mobile Task Team, (2003).HIV and education in KwaZulu Natal: A pilot of educator Mortality. Durban: HEARD, University of Natal.\r\n[15]. Nzioka, C. (1994). &#8216;AIDS Policies in Kenya: A Critical Perspective on Prevention&#8217; In Aggleton, P; Davies, P and Hart, G (Eds.).AIDS: Foundations for the Future. London: Taylor and Francis.\r\n[16]. Peltzer, K., Shisana, O., (2005) Udjo, E., Wilson, D., Rehle, T., Connolly, K., Zuma, K., Letlape, L., Louw, L., Badcock-Walters, P., Simbayi, L., Zungu-Dirwayi, N., Ramlagan, S.,\r\n[17]. Thompson, (2000). Social entrepreneurship \u2013 a new look at the people and the potential in management decision. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 44: 18.\r\n[18]. UNESCO.(2005). Towards an AIDS-free generation.IIEP\/UNESCO, Paris. For Global Campaign\r\n[19]. UNAIDS\/WHO. (2006). AIDS epidemic update: December 2006. Geneva: UNAIDS\/WHO.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2964\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2964\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2964\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Naftal Michira Nyang\u2019ara &#8220;The Relationship between HIV and AIDS Impact and Services Delivery among Moi University Staff&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.192-195 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/192-195.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2965\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2965\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2965\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/192-195.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2966\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2966\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2966\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-relationship-between-hiv-and-aids-impact-and-services-delivery-among-moi-university-staff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Relationship between HIV and AIDS Impact and Services Delivery among Moi University Staff<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4ba58 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c4ba58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c4bb58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c4bb58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c4bce1\" data-id=\"1c4bce1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4be07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c4be07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c4beaf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c4beaf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c4c006\" data-id=\"1c4c006\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4c128 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c4c128\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c4c1ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c4c1ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c4c337\" data-id=\"1c4c337\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4c451 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c4c451\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Marketing of Financial Services by Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ajugwe, Chukwu Alphonsus, PhD. &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 196-204<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c4c4f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c4c4f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c4c65c\" data-id=\"1c4c65c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4c781 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c4c781\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2961\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2961\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2962\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2962\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2963\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2963\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2964\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2964\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2965\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2965\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2966\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2966\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2961\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2961\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2961\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria are facing business uncertainty triggered by current economic recession, conflicting banking circulars and regulations issued by the Central bank of Nigeria(CBN) almost on monthly basis, coupled with globalization and introduction of banking technology that ushered in electronic processes and procedures. These brought about stiff competition among the DMBs. Consequent upon; banks must adopt aggressive marketing strategies to survive. Banks in order to penetrate and retain their marketing segments must employ effectively and efficiently the right marketing mix. The process involves planning, scanning the environment to determine the needs of the customers and producing the right financial products that will actually satisfy their financial need sat profits. Such marketing strategies will lead to effective financial service delivery wish will make the banks not only to attract new customers but will retain the old ones.\r\nThis paper will critically analyzed different financial products offered by DMBs, the impact of such financial services on the economy and the challenges facing the banks in offering such services.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 196-204\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2962\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2962\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2962\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ajugwe, Chukwu Alphonsus, PhD.<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2963\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2963\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2963\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Authur Meidan, Barbaralewis, Luiz Moutinho (1996). Financial Services Marketing, the Dryden Press Harcourt Brance and Company Ltd.\r\n[2]. Crosse H.D. and Hampel G.H. (1980). Management Policies for Commercial Banks 3rd Edition, New York, Prentice Hall Inc.\r\n[3]. Drucker P (1999) Management Challenges for 21st Century, Happes Collins, New York.London.\r\n[4]. Economic and Fianacial Review (2010) Central Bank of Nigeria, Volume 48, Number 4.\r\n[5]. Emefiela, G. I. (1987) Marketing of Retail Bank Services, Bullettin, Volume11, No 1.\r\n[6]. Ganiy Adewale Ogundeye (2010).Perspectives on the Nigeria Financial safty-net. An NDIC Book.\r\n[7]. Kortler. P (2004) Marketing Management 12th Edition New York, Macmillan.\r\n[8]. Kotler Philip and Gary Armstrong (2012) Principle of Marketing, Pearson Marketing lab, Global Edition.\r\n[9]. Kotler, Philip (2004) Marketing Management, Analysis, Planning, and Control. Prentice Hall International, New Jersey.\r\n[10]. Peter, S. Rose and Sylvia, C. Hudgins (2010). Bank Management and Financial Services, McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, 1221 Avenue, America.\r\n[11]. Paulinius P. Ekerete(2005). Marketing of Financial Services: A case study of selected Merchant Banks in Nigeria, Pakistan Economic and Social Review, Volume XLIII No 2, winter.\r\n[12]. Patrick Ndubusi Oche(2004) Banking Practice in Nigeria. Heirs Great Commission, Jos.\r\n[13]. Lunt P (2005). Consumer Choice and Financial Services. Consumer Policy Review Vol. 15.\r\n[14]. Mckinley. E. (2005). Opt out offer Reach Record. Credit Card Management, Vol. 18\r\n[15]. Ojo.O. (2005) Fundamental of Research Methods, Standard Publications, Lagos 2nd Edition.\r\n[16]. Jan. Topozowski (2002). Financial Marketing and Financial Fragility, Edward Elgar publishing ltd.\r\n[17]. Wikipedia (2014) Review. Marketing Strategy.Wikipedia.org.\/Wiki\/marketing Strategy.\r\n[18]. Wikipedia (2014) Reviewed. Marketing Mix Model, En.wikipedia\/wiki\/marketing mix. Modeling\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2964\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2964\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2964\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ajugwe, Chukwu Alphonsus, PhD. &#8220;Marketing of Financial Services by Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.196-204 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/196-204.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2965\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2965\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2965\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/196-204.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2966\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2966\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2966\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/marketing-of-financial-services-by-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marketing of Financial Services by Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4e58a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c4e58a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c4e67f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c4e67f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c4ec35\" data-id=\"1c4ec35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4ee17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c4ee17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c4eefa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c4eefa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c4f0b0\" data-id=\"1c4f0b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4f218 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c4f218\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c4f2e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c4f2e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c5319b\" data-id=\"1c5319b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c53371 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c53371\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teachers\u2019 Attitude as a Correlate of Students\u2019 Academic Performance <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ekperi, Paul Madukwe, Ude Onwuka, Wike Young Nyejirime &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 205-209<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c5345d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c5345d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c53600\" data-id=\"1c53600\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c5374b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c5374b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The classroom climate which is often times set by the teacher is determined by the teacher\u2019s attitude. Attitude as a major determinant of a person\u2019s behavior influences the way a teacher relates with the students and thus affects students\u2019 academic performance. The study examined teacher\u2019s attitude as a correlate of students\u2019 academic performance in geography. Descriptive survey design was adopted and a sample size of four hundred selected from a population of nine hundred and sixty-eight using the Taro Yamane sample size formula. Two research questions and a research hypothesis were proposed in line with the study objectives. Average Mean Score was used to analyze responses for the research questions while Multiple Regression Analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The findings show that attitude of teachers correlated positively and significantly with students\u2019 academic performance. Poor government attitude to teachers, lack of job satisfaction, poor remuneration and delayed salary, students\u2019 learning interest and absence of teaching materials\/instructional aid were found to influence the attitude of teachers. The paper strongly recommends among others thatsalaries and remuneration of teachers should be paid as at when due; teachers should go beyond Instruction and focus on the interpersonal aspects of teaching; constant in-service training should be provided for teachers and also provision should be made for teachers to attend educational conferences both locally and internationally as this would help them grow on the job.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 205-209\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ekperi, Paul Madukwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute for Development Studies, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ude Onwuka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCenter for Environmental Management &amp; Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wike Young Nyejirime<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Physiology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Afolabi, S.S. (2009). Teaching method and textual material variables as correlate of students\u2019 learning outcomes in senior secondary school mathematics. Ph.D. Post-field Seminar Department of Teacher Education, University of Ibadan\r\n[2]. Akinfe, E., Olofimiyi, O. E., and Fashiky, C.O. (2012).Teachers\u2019 quality as correlates of students\u201f academic performance in Biology in senior secondary schools in Ondo state, Nigeria.Journal of Education Research, 1 (6) 108-114\r\n[3]. Brookfield, S. (2006). The skillful teacher: On technique, trust, and responsiveness in the classroom (2nd ed). San Francisco: JosseyBass.\r\n[4]. Ekperi, P M (2018).Impact of Teacher Characteristics on Students\u2019Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) 2(12), 514-519.\r\n[5]. Harrell, K (1998). Attitude is Everything: 10 Life-Changing Steps to Turning Attitude into Action. HarperCollins: New York City, New York, United States.\r\n[6]. Hooley, T. M. and Jones, C. (2006).The influence of teacher attitude on student performance in a programmed learning situation.Programmed Learning and Educational Technology.Taylor and Francis, 7(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1355800700070204\r\n[7]. Johnson, D. I. (2009). Connected classroom climate: A validity study.Communication Research Reports, 26, 146\u2013157.\r\n[8]. Kurgat, S.J and Gordon, T.J (2014).The Effects of Teacher Characteristics and Attitudes on Student Achievement in KCSE Economics Examination.International Journal of Education Learning and Development. 2(5), 33-43,\r\n[9]. Mitchell, M.M (1976). Teacher Attitudes.The High School Journal, 59 (7), 302-312\r\n[10]. Mwangi, D.T. (1983). Factors Influencing the Performance and Learning of Mathematics Among Secondary School Students in Kenya. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Nairobi.\r\n[11]. Shittu, R.O and Oanite, R.A (2015). Teachers\u2019 Attitudes: A Great Influence on Teaching and Learning of Social Studies. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 42, 131-137\r\n[12]. WAEC(2015). Statistics of Entry Performance in WAEC Examinations Highlights of Results Released. Abuja, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ekperi, Paul Madukwe, Ude Onwuka, Wike Young Nyejirime &#8220;Teachers\u2019 Attitude as a Correlate of Students\u2019 Academic Performance &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.205-209 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/205-209.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/205-209.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teachers-attitude-as-a-correlate-of-students-academic-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Teachers\u2019 Attitude as a Correlate of Students\u2019 Academic Performance <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c55e19 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c55e19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c69cf9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c69cf9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c69ec8\" data-id=\"1c69ec8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6a00f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c6a00f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c6a0cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c6a0cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c6a21d\" data-id=\"1c6a21d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6a336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c6a336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c6a3d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c6a3d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c6a546\" data-id=\"1c6a546\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6a656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c6a656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Conditional and Unconditional Cash Transfer Programs: The Recent Experiences around the World<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Omar Ben Haman &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 210-219<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c6a6fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c6a6fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c6a87f\" data-id=\"1c6a87f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6a9be elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c6a9be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Cash transfer programs have become the most popular government welfare paradigm for many developing countries in this new millennium. Cash transfer programs run by providing a small cash transfer to the parents (very often those below the poverty line) could be contingent on certain conditions, such as sending children to school or visiting doctors regularly. Cash transfer programs that have been implemented in many countries across the world, aim to meet basic human development targets. In recent times, cash transfer programs have been carried out in 52 countries. This paper summarises the experiences of some countries with cash transfer programs, analysing and discussing program components and design\u2014such as, payments mechanisms and beneficing identification, as well as selecting lessons learned. Also, attention will be given to show the connectedness between cash transfer programs and gender perspective. This paper will also shed light on cash transfer program as a mechanism for social inclusion. Finally, the most common criticisms of cash transfer programs will be given. This paper attempted to rely on reports and articles, especially by the scholars working on cash transfer programs who have produced several studies since 2000. This paper serves as a useful reference for researchers and academics working on the cash transfer programs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 210-219\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Omar Ben Haman<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abarda, A. (2013).Le programme Tayssir au Maroc. Un blog sur l\u2019\u00e9ducation dans les pays du Sud &#8211; A blog on education in the developing countries. Retrieved October 30, 2017, from https:\/\/varlyproject.wordpress.com\/2013\/12\/05\/le-programme-Tayssir-au-maroc\/.\r\n[2]. Al- Maswari, M. (2016).Report Workshop on Conditional Cash Transfers in the Arab Region. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), Beirut, Lebanon [Accessed 12 September 2017].\r\n[3]. Al-hawri, M. (2016). Report Workshop on Conditional Cash Transfers in the Arab Region. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), Beirut, Lebanon [Accessed 23 September 2017].\r\n[4]. Ambler, K, &amp; De Brauw, A. (2017). The Impacts of Cash Transfers on Women\u2019s Empowerment: Learning from Pakistan\u2019s BISP Program. The World Bank.,No. 113161(1702). 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Available through: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.1962666 [Accessed 22 March 2017].\r\n[16]. Chant, S. (2008). The \u201cFeminisation of Poverty\u201d and the \u201cFeminisation\u201d of Anti-poverty Programmes: Room for Revision?.Journal of Development Studies, 44(2), 165\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220380701789810.\r\n[17]. Chant, S. 2016. \u201cWomen, Girls and World Poverty: Empowerment, Equality or Essentialism?. \u201cInternational Development Planning Review, 38(1), 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3828\/idpr.2016.1.\r\n[18]. Cherayi, S., &amp; Jose, J. P. (2016). Empowerment and Social Inclusion of Muslim women: Towards a New Conceptual model. Journal of Rural Studies, 45, 243-251.\r\n[19]. Cookson, T. P. (2016). Working for Inclusion? Conditional Cash Transfers, Rural Women, and the Reproduction of Inequality. Antipode, 48(5), 1187\u20131205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anti.12256.\r\n[20]. Devereux, S. (2006). Cash Transfers and Social Protection. In Regional Workshop on Cash Transfer Activities in Southern Africa, co-hosted by the Southern African Regional Poverty Network (SARPN). Regional Hunger and Vulnerability Programme (RHVP) and Oxfam GB, 9-10 October 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa (pp. 1-17).\r\n[21]. Fiszbein, A.Schady, N. Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Grosh, M.Keleher, N.Olinto, P, &amp; Skoufias, E.(2009). Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty. World Bank Policy Research Report. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available through: https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/2597 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO\r\n[22]. Heimo, L. (2014). The Idea of Conditional Cash Transfers (Master Thesis, University of Tampere, School of Social Sciences and Humanities). Retrieved from https:\/\/ddd.uab.cat\/record\/168588?ln=ca.\r\n[23]. Hentschel, J, &amp;Lanjouw, P. (2000). Household Welfare Measurement and the Pricing of Basic Services. 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Cash transfers, gender equity and women\u2019s empowerment in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. Gender &amp; Development, 19(2), 195\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13552074.2011.592631.\r\n[31]. Molyneux, M. (2008). Conditional Cash Transfers: A &#8216;Pathway to Women&#8217;s Empowerment&#8217;?&#8217;, Pathways to Women&#8217;s Empowerment. Working Paper 5, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, Available through: http:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/pathwaysofempowerment-org- staging\/downloads\/conditional_cash_transfers_a_pathways_to_women_s_empowerment_working_paper_original1ca95e24558819bfe2c860f01ccbb088.pdf [Accessed 23 Jun 2017].\r\n[32]. Nitam, H. (2014). Politics of Education Reforms in Morocco since 1956: The Gender Dimensio, \u2018n (Master&#8217;s thesis, Concordia University). Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/politics-of-educational-reforms-in-morocco-since-1956-the-gender-dimenstion\/oclc\/889926927?page=citation [Accessed 5 January 2017].\r\n[33]. Pace, N. Daidone, S. Davis, B, &amp;Pellerano, L. (2016). Does \u201cSoft Conditionality\u201d Increase the Impact of Cash Transfers on Desired Outcomes? Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial in Lesotho. Working Paper, Department of Economics, Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice, Available through: http:\/\/www.unive.it\/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=86302 [Accessed 23 Jun 2017].\r\n[34]. Prabhu, K. S, &amp; Sahay, R. (2009). Conditional Cash Transfer Schemes for Alleviating Human Poverty: Relevance for India. Discussion Paper, No. 1. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), India. Available through: http:\/\/www.undp.org\/content\/dam\/india\/docs\/cct_dp.pdf.\r\n[35]. Rawlings, L. B. (2006). Examining Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: A role For Increased Social Inclusion? Discussion Paper, No. 0603. The World Bank, Available through: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17477160600586614 [Accessed 23 May 2017].\r\n[36]. Romano, M. (2016). Conditional Cash Transfers and Their Effect on Poverty, Inequality, and School Enrollment: The Case of Mexico and Latin America (CMC Senior Theses, Claremont McKenna College). Retrieved from: http:\/\/scholarship.claremont.edu\/cmc_theses\/1239.\r\n[37]. Schubert, B. (2005). The Pilot Social Cash Transfer Scheme Kalomo District \u2013 Zambia. Chronic Poverty Research Centre Working Paper No. 52. Available at SSRN: https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1753690 or http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.1753690\r\n[38]. Silver, H. (2015). The Contexts of Social Inclusion. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs DESA Working Paper No. 144. Retrieved from: https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2879940.\r\n[39]. Ulrichs, M, &amp;Roelen, K. (2012). Equal Opportunities for All?\u2013A Critical Analysis of Mexico&#8217;s Oportunidades. IDS Working Papers, No. 413, 1-23. Available through: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.2040-0209.2012.00413.x.\r\n[40]. Valencia, E. (2008). Conditional Cash Transfers as Social Policy in Latin America: An Assessment of their Contributions and Limitations. Annual Review of Sociology, 34(1), 475\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.soc.34.040507.134537.\r\n\r\n[41]. Veras Soares, F, &amp; Silva, E. (2010). Empowering or Reinforcing Traditional Roles: Can CCTs Address Gender Vulnerabilities. One Pager. No. 115. International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth. Brasilia, Brazil, Available through: http:\/\/www.ipc-undp.org\/pub\/IPCOnePager115.pdf [Accessed 28 May 2017].\r\n[42]. Zaky, H. H. M. (2014). Does the Conditional Cash Transfer Program Empower Women? Evidence from Ain El-Sira, Egypt. Social Sciences, 3(4), 132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11648\/j.ss.20140304.14.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Omar Ben Haman &#8220;Conditional and Unconditional Cash Transfer Programs: The Recent Experiences around the World&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.210-219 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/210-219.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/210-219.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/conditional-and-unconditional-cash-transfer-programs-the-recent-experiences-around-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Conditional and Unconditional Cash Transfer Programs: The Recent Experiences around the World<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6b90c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c6b90c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c6b9f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c6b9f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c6bb87\" data-id=\"1c6bb87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6bcb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c6bcb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c6bd5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c6bd5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c6bebc\" data-id=\"1c6bebc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6bfca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c6bfca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c6c070 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c6c070\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c6c1cc\" data-id=\"1c6c1cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6c2e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c6c2e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Review of &#8216;Doctor Maria Montessori\u2019s Handbook&#8217; By Dr. Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Janet Surum, Elvis Omondi Kauka &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 220-224<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c6c37e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c6c37e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c6c4df\" data-id=\"1c6c4df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c714d9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c714d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2981\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2982\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2983\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2984\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2985\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2986\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2981\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">I. INTRODUCTION\r\nMaria Tecla Artemesia Montessori was born of Alessandro Montessori and Renilde Stoppani in 1870 in the town of Chiaravalle, Italy. Both parents were well educated; Allesandro was an accountant while Renilde is described an avid reader. After her Secondary Education she was admitted to the medical school of the University of Rome in 1890, becoming the first woman to join a medical school in Italy. She qualified as a doctor in July 1896. Dr Montessori worked as a researcher at the psychiatric clinic of the University of Rome, as a volunteer in 1987, a stint that led her to develop a deep interest in the needs of children with learning disabilities. In 1901 Montessori developed her studies of educational philosophy and anthropology, and subsequently lectured and taught students at different levels and age. In 1902 she enrolled for the philosophy degree course at the University of Rome where she studied theoretical and moral philosophy, history of philosophy, and psychology, but did not graduate. She also pursued independent study in anthropology and educational philosophy, conducted observations and experimental research in elementary schools. Later on, she applied them to her Casa dei Bambini (The children&#8217;s house), a novelty learning centre she established for children in 1907. By 1909, Doctor Montessori gave her first training course in her new approach to around 100 students which was followed by massive Montessori movements in Europe, India, U.S.A and later on, all over the world.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 220-224\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2982\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Janet Surum<\/strong><\/span>\r\nTutor of Educational Psychology, EAPM &amp; PF Department, University of Kabianga, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elvis Omondi Kauka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer of Philosophy of Education, Department of Educational Foundations, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2983\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Lillard, A Lillard, A (2017). Montessori: The Science Behind the Genius. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 351\u2013376. ISBN 978-0-19-998152-6.\r\n[2]. Lopata, C., Wallace, N.V, and Finn, K. V. (2005). &#8220;Comparison of Academic Achievement Between Montessori and Traditional Education Programs&#8221;, Journal of Research in Childhood Education 20\/1, pp. 5\u201313\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2984\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Janet Surum, Elvis Omondi Kauka &#8220;A Review of &#8216;Doctor Maria Montessori\u2019s Handbook&#8217; By Dr. Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.220-224 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/220-224.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2985\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/220-224.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2986\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-review-of-doctor-maria-montessoris-handbook-by-dr-maria-tecla-artemisia-montessori\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Review of &#8216;Doctor Maria Montessori\u2019s Handbook&#8217; By Dr. Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c72657 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c72657\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7273d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7273d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c7290b\" data-id=\"1c7290b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c72a52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c72a52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c72afe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c72afe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c72c5e\" data-id=\"1c72c5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c72d78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c72d78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c72e16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c72e16\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c72f89\" data-id=\"1c72f89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7309e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7309e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperative Society: A Case of Imarisha Savings and Credit Cooperative Society in Kericho County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Joyce Chepkoech Rere and Kipkorir Sitienei Simon &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 225-227<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c73145 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c73145\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c732a5\" data-id=\"1c732a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c733d0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c733d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2981\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2982\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2983\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2984\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2985\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2986\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2981\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Leadership is known globally for the most productive performance. Performances of organisations are directly affected by leadership styles. In Kenya the use of leadership is a major challenge in the management of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies and thus affecting performance. The study was aimed at assessing effect of leadership on performance of savings and credit cooperative society: a case of Imarisha savings and credit cooperative society in Kericho County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to establish the effect of transformational leadership style on performance. The study was important to provide knowledge on the effect of leadership on performance of savings and credit cooperative society and provide a solution to mismanagement and thus improved performance. The main theory of the study was transformational theory. The study covered the effect of leadership on performance. The study used descriptive research design. The population comprised of all staff of Imarisha savings and credit cooperative society. Simple random sampling was used. A sample of 27 management staff and 36 support staff was drawn from the purposively selected savings and credit cooperative society and used in the study. The study used two sets of questionnaires one for management staff and another for support staff. The questionnaires were piloted to validate and test its reliability before the actual data collection. Data was collected through administration of two sets of self administered questionnaires to the selected respondents. The data was processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 and presented using frequency distribution tables and charts. An analysis of the major findings in study indicated that coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.790 therefore about 79.0% of the variation in effect of leadership styles on performance is explained by transformational leadership style. The study recommended that management staff should be trained on new methods of leadership so as to keep up with current leadership styles. It was hoped that the findings would be of significance to organisational leadership of Imarisha Savings and Credit Cooperative Society, World Council of Credit Unions (WOCCU), KUSCCO, SACCO Society Regulation Authority-Kenya (SASRA), Ministry of co-operative development, Non-Governmental organizations, policy makers, researchers, and managers of financial institutions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 225-227\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2982\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joyce Chepkoech Rere <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Kabianga, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kipkorir Sitienei Simon<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Kabianga, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2983\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Armstrong M. (2006). Human resource practice. Kogan-page limited publishers, London.\r\n[2]. Burns, J. M. (1978).Leadership. Harper &amp; Row. New York, USA.\r\n[3]. House, R.J., &amp; Aditya, R. 1997. The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vidas? Journal of Management, 23: 409-474.\r\n[4]. Kothari, C.R.(2005). Research Methodology. New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi.\r\n[5]. Michael. A. (2010). Leadership style and organizational impact. Retrieved from: http\/ www.ala- apa.org.\r\n[6]. Mwaura D.N. (2005). Factors affecting the performance of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya. A case study of Afya Cooperative Society Ltd.\r\n[7]. Northouse, P.G, 2007. Leadership: Theory and practice. London: Sage publications.\r\n[8]. Orodho, J. A. (2009). Elements of education and social science research methods. Maseno: Knezia publishers.\r\n[9]. Richard P. J, Divinney, T, Yip, G and Johnson, G (2009), Measuring Organizational Performance: Towards Methodological Best Practice. Journal of Management, May 6.\r\n[10]. Pearce, J.A &amp; Robinson, R.B ( 2007). Strategic Management. McGraw Hill publishers, New York.\r\n[11]. Phills, Jr., J. A. (2005, Spring). Leadership matters-or does it. Leader to Leader, 36, 46. Retrieved June 26, 2009, from Proquest database.\r\n[12]. Serfontein, J.J. 2009. The impact of strategic leadership on the operational strategy and performance of business organisations in South Africa. DBM thesis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2984\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joyce Chepkoech Rere and Kipkorir Sitienei Simon &#8220;Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperative Society: A Case of Imarisha Savings and Credit Cooperative Society in Kericho County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.225-227 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/225-227.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2985\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/225-227.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2986\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-transformational-leadership-style-on-performance-of-savings-and-credit-cooperative-society-a-case-of-imarisha-savings-and-credit-cooperative-society-in-kericho-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperative Society: A Case of Imarisha Savings and Credit Cooperative Society in Kericho County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c741c3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c741c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c742ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c742ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c79e13\" data-id=\"1c79e13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c79fdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c79fdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7a0a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7a0a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c7a24d\" data-id=\"1c7a24d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7a370 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7a370\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Relationship between Principals\u2019 Transformational Leadership Styles and Teachers\u2019 Job Satisfaction in Secondary Schools in Gatundu North Sub County Kiambu County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Naomi Wairimu Kariga and Kositany Conrad &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 228-231<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7a415 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7a415\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c7a58f\" data-id=\"1c7a58f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7a6be elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c7a6be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2981\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2982\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2983\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2984\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2985\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2986\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2981\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research project explored the link between transformational style of leadership adopted by principals in secondary schools in Gatundu North Sub-County and the teachers\u2019 job satisfaction. The principal leadership style was viewed as behaviour in a working process, which influences all school relevant performances. Teachers\u2019 job satisfaction refers to the affective attitude of teachers towards their role, derived from the evaluation of characteristics of the job itself. The aim of this research was to define relationship between school principal transformational leadership style and teachers&#8217; job satisfaction. The study sought to establish whether principals&#8217; transformational styles stimulate teacher job satisfaction. The study was guided by the Herzberg\u2019s two-factor motivator theory, to test the levels of job satisfaction among teachers under transformational leadership. The dependent variable for the study was teachers&#8217; job satisfaction while the independent variable was principals&#8217; transformational leadership style. The study used correlation design to collect data from the study population of 34 principals and 590 teachers from all the 34 secondary schools within the region. The principals were selected using stratified random sampling while teachers were selected through purposive random sampling. The sample size comprised of 10 principals and 130 teachers. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to collect information from the samples. The data collected was scored and coded for statistical analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used. Descriptive statistics was analyzed using frequencies, means and percentages and presented in tables and figures. The hypothesis was tested at \u03b1 = 0.05 using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The results provided evidence that there was a significant relationship between principals\u2019 transformational leadership style and teachers\u2019 job satisfaction. A major recommendation of the study was that the board of institutions should integrate programmes such as seminars, workshops in order to sharpen the leadership skills of their principals. This will assist the principals adopt the leadership styles that would enhance the satisfaction of teachers on their job.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 228-231\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2982\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Naomi Wairimu Kariga <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Kabianga, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kositany Conrad<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Kabianga, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2983\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adeyemi T.O (2014). Fundamentals of educational management. Lagos: Atlantic Associated Publishers.\r\n[2]. Arnold, K., &amp; Freedman, A. (2013). Transformational leadership and psychological well- being. London: John Willey.\r\n[3]. Avolio, B.J. &amp;Bass, B.M. (2010). Multifactor leadership questionnaire. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.\r\n[4]. Bennis, W., &amp; Nanus, B. (2010). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper &amp; Row.\r\n[5]. Bryman, A. (2012). Charisma and Leadership in Organizations. London: Sage Publications.\r\n[6]. Burns, J.M. (2012). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.\r\n[7]. Herzberg, F.,Mausner, B., &amp; Snyderman, B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: John Wiley.\r\n[8]. Locke, E., &amp; Latham, J. (2013). Theoretical and practitioner letters: shared leadership theory. Leadership Quarterly, 18(2), 283-285.\r\n[9]. Lowe, K. B., &amp; Gardner, W. L. (2000). Ten years of the leadership quarterly: Contributions and challenges for the future. Leadership Quarterly, 11 (4), 459\u2013514.\r\n[10]. Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., &amp; Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996). Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature. The Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), 385\u2013425.\r\n[11]. Moorman, R., &amp; Fetter, G. (2013). Individualism-collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organization Behavior, 16, 127-142.\r\n[12]. Mugenda and Mugenda, (2003). Research Methods: Quantitative &amp; qualitative approaches, Nairobi: Acts Press.\r\n[13]. Silins, H., &amp; Mulford, W. (2012). Organizational learning and school change. Educational Administration Quarterly, 38, 613-642.\r\n[14]. Waweru, P.N &amp; Orodho, J.A (2014). Management practices and students\u2019 academic performance in National Examinations in public secondary schools in Kiambu County. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 5(2), pp 472-479.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2984\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Naomi Wairimu Kariga and Kositany Conrad &#8220;Relationship between Principals\u2019 Transformational Leadership Styles and Teachers\u2019 Job Satisfaction in Secondary Schools in Gatundu North Sub County Kiambu County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.228-231 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/228-231.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2985\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/228-231.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2986\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/relationship-between-principals-transformational-leadership-styles-and-teachers-job-satisfaction-in-secondary-schools-in-gatundu-north-sub-county-kiambu-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Relationship between Principals\u2019 Transformational Leadership Styles and Teachers\u2019 Job Satisfaction in Secondary Schools in Gatundu North Sub County Kiambu County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7b514 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c7b514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7b5f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7b5f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c7b77d\" data-id=\"1c7b77d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7b8c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7b8c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7b963 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7b963\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c7bac5\" data-id=\"1c7bac5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7bbd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7bbd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7bc80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7bc80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c7bdca\" data-id=\"1c7bdca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7bed6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7bed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7bf72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7bf72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c7c0d8\" data-id=\"1c7c0d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7c1f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7c1f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>African Integration: Hurdles of Movements of goods and People Son the Bamenda-Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom\u2013Abakaliki\u2013Enugu Corridor Since 2014<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Prof. Simon Tata Ngenge &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 232-236<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7c28e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7c28e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c7c3ec\" data-id=\"1c7c3ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7c508 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c7c508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2981\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2982\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2983\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2984\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2985\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2986\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2981\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2981\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">I. INTRODUCTION\r\nThe trans-community road Bamenda-Enugu corridor is 443 km long. The Cameroon road sections Bamenda-Mamfe- Ekokis 203 km and the Nigeria road sections Mfum-Ikom-Abakiliki-Enuguis 204 km. The road network cuts across the North-West and South West Regions of Cameroon and Cross River, Ebonyi and Enugu states of Nigeria. The project was financed by African Development Bank (ADB) , borrowers Cameroon and Nigeria. It was constructed by China Communication Construction Company (CCCC) and CIMA International as control mission between July 2008 and December 2013. The total length of the road was divided into three lots, the first lot from Bamenda-Batibo-Numba, while the second phase from Numba- Bacou-Akajbe and the third links Mamfe-Ekok border.\r\nThe Project has a considerable socio-economic dimension, and its environmentally sustainable. Its total cost appraisal was 423 US million dollars, of which the bank provided 288 million US dollars loan and a grant of 25million US dollars. The balance was financed by the World Bank, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Government of Nigeria, Government of Cameroon and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 232-236\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2982\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2982\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Simon Tata Ngenge<\/strong><\/span>\r\nVice Dean, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Bamenda, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2983\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2983\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">References are not available.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2984\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2984\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof. Simon Tata Ngenge &#8220;African Integration: Hurdles of Movements of goods and People Son the Bamenda-Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom\u2013Abakaliki\u2013Enugu Corridor Since 2014&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.232-236 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/232-236.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2985\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2985\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/232-236.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2986\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2986\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/african-integration-hurdles-of-movements-of-goods-and-people-son-the-bamenda-mamfe-ekok-ikom-abakaliki-enugu-corridor-since-2014\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">African Integration: Hurdles of Movements of goods and People Son the Bamenda-Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom\u2013Abakaliki\u2013Enugu Corridor Since 2014<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c8f378 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c8f378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c8f467 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c8f467\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c8f602\" data-id=\"1c8f602\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c8f739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c8f739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c8f7e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c8f7e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c8f965\" data-id=\"1c8f965\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c8fa7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c8fa7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c8fb1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c8fb1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c8fcc4\" data-id=\"1c8fcc4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c8fddb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c8fddb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Excluding Women\u2019s from Political Institution through Educational Deprivation <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Younas Khan, Mussawar Shah, Fakhrudin, Naushad Khan, Atta Ullah, Rehan, Zakir Ullah &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 249-255<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c8fe7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c8fe7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c8ffeb\" data-id=\"1c8ffeb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c9012f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1c9012f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2991\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2991\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2992\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2992\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2993\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2993\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2994\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2994\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2995\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2995\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2996\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2996\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2991\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2991\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2991\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The major objective of the present study was to examine educational impediments to women political status in District Dir (L)-Pakistan. A sample size of 186 of different political organization was randomly selected from total population 714. A conceptual frame work comprises of dependent variable women political status and independent variable\u2019s educational deprivation. Moreover, dependent variable was indexed and cross tabulated with independent variable. Chi-square test statistics was applied to ascertain the relationship between dependent and independent variable respectively. In Bi-variate analysis, a highly significant (P=0.000) association was found between dependent variable women political status and independent variable indicators; Higher is the rate of education more would be women in politics; education proved to be true instrument in making right decision to poll; education empower women to work shoulder to shoulder with men; higher rate of democracy sustenance is embodied in education for all; and education enlightens political awareness among masses. The study concluded that, Education has been rewarded to be a male dominated and male leading institution. Dynamics of female involvement shoulder to shoulder with men are if taken in account from the developed countries, may lead to changing this scenario, which will ensure to dethrone the partisan character of male dominance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 249-255\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2992\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2992\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2992\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Younas Khan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMphil Scholar in Sociology, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mussawar Shah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProfessor &amp; Chairman Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fakhrudin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMphil Scholar in Sociology, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Naushad Khan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPro-vice chancellor, Islamia College University Peshawar, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Atta Ullah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMphil Scholar in Sociology, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rehan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMphil Scholar in Sociology, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zakir Ullah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMphil Scholar in Sociology, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2993\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2993\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2993\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. The World Bank Report (2002) World Development Indicators, Washington, D. C. World Bank Group. (2012). Doing business 2013: Smarter regulations for small and medium-size enterprises. World Bank Publications.\r\n[2]. Chen, M. (1992). Conceptual Model for women\u2019s Empowerment. International Center for Research on Women.\r\n[3]. Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women&#8217;s empowerment. Development and change, 30(3), 435-464.\r\n[4]. Mason, K. O., &amp; Smith, H. L. (2003). Women\u2019s empowerment and social context: Results from five Asian countries. Gender and Development Group, World Bank, Washington, DC.\r\n[5]. Sen, G. 1997. Empowerment as an Approach to Poverty. Background Paper to the Human Development Report. In Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press\/UNDP.\r\n[6]. Inglehart, R., Norris, P., &amp; Ronald, I. (2003). Rising tide: Gender equality and cultural change around the world. Cambridge University Press.\r\n[7]. World times.July 2014. Retriewed from http:\/\/jworldtimes.com\/jwt2015\/magazine-archives\/jwt-2014\/july2014\/women-in-pakistan-aspiring-to-a-better-tomorrow\/\r\n[8]. Wahid, A., Ahmad, M. S., Talib, N. B. A., Shah, I. A., Tahir, M., Jan, F. A., &amp; Saleem, M. Q. (2017). Barriers to empowerment: Assessment of community-led local development organizations in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 74, 1361-1370.\r\n[9]. Seema,J. 2015. The roots of gender inewuality in developing countries. The Annual reviews of Economics. Retrieved from economics.annualrevview.org, pp 63-88\r\n[10]. Shiekh, N. A., &amp; Mir, M. A. (2016). The framing of SAARC development goals: South Asia\u2019s response to millennium development goals. IJAR, 2(1), 570-575.\r\n[11]. Slaeem,I. 2010. Women political participation. Daily times. Tuesday, august 27, 2013\r\n[12]. Khan, R. E. A., Rehman, H., &amp; Haq, M. A. (2015). Determinants of rural household poverty: the role of household socioeconomic empowerment. American-Eurasian J. Agric. &amp; Environ. Sci, 15(1), 93-98.\r\n[13]. Burns, N., Schlozman, K. L., &amp; Verba, S. (2001). The private roots of public action. Harvard University Press.\r\n[14]. Karl .M. 2001. Women and empowerment: participation and decision making. London: Zed Books Ltd\r\n[15]. Kalam. A. 2014. Social norms and impidements of women development in Bangladesh. Int\u2019l J. Soc. Sci.Stud., 2, 100.\r\n[16]. Baloch, S. 2012. Remembering the women of Balochistan (online). Retrieved from http:\/\/tribune.com.pk\/story\/346813\/remembering-the-women-of-balochistan\r\n[17]. Latif.A. Usman. A. Kataria. J. &amp; Abdullah. 2015. Female Political Participation in South Asia: a Case Study of Pakistan. South Asian Studies Vol. 30, No.2, pp. 201 \u2013 213.\r\n[18]. Lopez, M. H. &amp;Kolaczkowski, J. P. (2003).Civic engagement among non-college attending 18-25 year olds. CIRCLE: The Center for Information &amp; Research on Civic Learning &amp; Engagement, http:\/\/www.civicyouth.org\/PopUps\/non-college.pdf,\r\n[19]. Mammen, K., &amp; Paxson, C. (2000). Women&#8217;s work and economic development. Journal of economic perspectives, 14(4), 141-164.\r\n[20]. Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman and Henery E.Brady. 1995. Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American Politics. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.\r\n[21]. Mahmood, B., Sohail, M. M., Mushtaq, S. K., &amp; Rizvi, S. A. (2014). Social Factors Hindering Political Participation in Pakistan: A Review Article. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(23), 1933.\r\n[22]. Glaeser, E., G. Ponzeto, and A. Shleifer .2007. Why does democracy need education. Journal of Economic Growth 12(77), 59\u201373.\r\n[23]. Gine, X., &amp; Mansuri, G. (2011). Together we will: experimental evidence on female voting behavior in Pakistan. The World Bank.\r\n[24]. La Ferrara, E. (2002). Inequality and group participation: theory and evidence from rural Tanzania. Journal of Public Economics, 85(2), 235-273.\r\n[25]. Galston, W. A. (2001). Political knowledge, political engagement, and civic education. Annual review of political science, 4(1), 217-234.\r\n[26]. Nasreen.N., Sanaudin.N., Gull.N., (2016). Patriarchal status: Factors limiting women\u2019s participation in local government in Pakistan. PUTAJ Humaniites and Science, Vol 23(2). 73-85\r\n[27]. Povenzo, J., Butin, D. W. &amp; Angelini, A. (2008). 100 experiential learning activities for social studies, literature and the arts, grades 5-12.\r\n[28]. Shami, A. (2009). Political empowerment of women in Pakistan. Pakistan Vision, 10(1), 141-150.\r\n[29]. Shawar, D., &amp; Asim, M. (2012). Voting Behaviour of People Towards Different Political Parties in District Faisalabad. Journal of Social Sciences, 3 (2), 85\u201391.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2994\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2994\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2994\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Younas Khan, Mussawar Shah, Fakhrudin, Naushad Khan, Atta Ullah, Rehan, Zakir Ullah &#8220;Excluding Women\u2019s from Political Institution through Educational Deprivation &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.249-255 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/249-255.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2995\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2995\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2995\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/249-255.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2996\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2996\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2996\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/excluding-womens-from-political-institution-through-educational-deprivation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Excluding Women\u2019s from Political Institution through Educational Deprivation <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca0710 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1ca0710\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca0804 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca0804\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca0994\" data-id=\"1ca0994\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca0ace elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ca0ace\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca0b71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca0b71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca0cce\" data-id=\"1ca0cce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca0de5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ca0de5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca0e86 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca0e86\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca0ffa\" data-id=\"1ca0ffa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca1116 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ca1116\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Cameroon Public Administration: Civil Servants Involvement in Politics and the Impact on State Performance<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Prof. Simon Tata Ngenge &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 243-248<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca11c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca11c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca1328\" data-id=\"1ca1328\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca1448 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1ca1448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3001\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3001\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3002\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3002\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3003\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3003\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3004\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3004\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3005\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3005\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3006\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3006\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3001\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3001\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3001\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The public service in Sub Saharan Africa has always been the tool available to governments for the implementation of their developmental agenda. In this direction, civil servants constitute a vital force in the day to day functioning of the State. Cameroon somehow presents a startling deviation from this standard as civil servants freely combine public work life and political militancy. This paper from this perspective contends among other issues that the involvement of civil servants in partisan politics creates a precarious balance between productivity and performance in the civil service. The problem is that the thin divide between the civil service and political parties wears down the financial resources of the state. It is also observed that patrimonial political links contribute to break down the spirit of discipline, hard work, and meritocracy and encourages corrupt practices like, lack of accountability, bribery, nepotism, misappropriation and embezzlement of public funds. The end of the Federal System of Government in 1992 merged the Civil Servants of West and East Cameroons. The end result was that workers in the Public Sector became militants of the ruling party, Cameroon National Union (CNU)\/ Cameroon People\u2019s Democratic Movement (CPDM). The Public Service was politicised which made the re-emergence of Multipartym of 1990 impossible for opposition parties to win any major election.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 243-248\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3002\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3002\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3002\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Simon Tata Ngenge<\/strong><\/span>\r\nVice Dean, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Bamenda, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3003\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3003\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3003\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Reference are not available.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3004\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3004\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3004\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof. Simon Tata Ngenge &#8220;Cameroon Public Administration: Civil Servants Involvement in Politics and the Impact on State Performance&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.243-248 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/243-248.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3005\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3005\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3005\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/243-248.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3006\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3006\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3006\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/cameroon-public-administration-civil-servants-involvement-in-politics-and-the-impact-on-state-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cameroon Public Administration: Civil Servants Involvement in Politics and the Impact on State Performance<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca22a3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1ca22a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca2390 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca2390\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca2752\" data-id=\"1ca2752\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca2890 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ca2890\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca293f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca293f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca2ab9\" data-id=\"1ca2ab9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca2edb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ca2edb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Green Energy Strategies on Sustainable Development Goal Seven on Affordable Clean Energy at Kenya Electricity Generating Company Limited<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Samuel Olinjo, Joyce Mugure Nderitu, Honnon Samuel Kosney &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 249-255<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca2fa4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca2fa4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca314d\" data-id=\"1ca314d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca4ab7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1ca4ab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3001\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3001\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3002\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3002\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3003\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3003\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3004\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3004\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3005\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3005\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3006\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3006\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3001\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3001\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3001\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The strong forces arising from the dynamic environment has made organizations in today\u2019s world to re-think on how to do business in order to fully satisfy their stakeholders and remain relevant in the unfolding dispensation. In any given business environment, innovative adoption strategy has to be employed to provide tactical mode that satisfy the customers. The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of green energy strategies and united nations sustainable development goal on affordable clean energy in Kenya; A case study of Kenya Electricity Generating Company Limited (KenGen). The researcher adopted a case study design with a census Population of 10 respondents comprising of the Chief Executive Officer and 9 Executive Directors who forms the executive board committee at KenGen. The findings of the study indicated that green energy strategies are adopted for the provisions of affordable clean green energy for the organization. The Kenya electricity generating company considers green energy strategies to be valuable tools as they help in attaining the strategic goals while ensuring the energy is affordable, reliable and sustainable to the consumers. The study recommends that the organization should increase the investment in training employees on the green energy strategies for it is a good way to enhance the adoption of the green energy strategies and their operationalization. The strategic planning should also be incorporated in these strategies for it will ensure that the strategies are achieved and will allow creativity and innovation to the strategies hence, facilitate the achievement for the affordability of clean green energy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 249-255\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3002\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3002\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3002\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel Olinjo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBusiness Administration, University of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joyce Mugure Nderitu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBusiness Administration, University of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Honnon Samuel Kosney<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBusiness Administration, University of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3003\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3003\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3003\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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(2007).Formulation, Implementation and Control of Competitive Strategy, 10th edition, Chicago, IL, Richard D. Irwin.\r\n[50]. Quinn, J.B (1980) \u201cThe Intelligent Enterprise, A new Paradigm\u201d Academy of Management Executives. Free Press, New York\r\n[51]. Renewable Energy Association (2005). Infrastructure Pricing and Finance, in HM Treasury \u2018Microeconomics Lecture Series, 22-39\r\n[52]. Porter, E. M. &amp; Van der Linde, C. (1995).Green and Competitive: Ending the Stalemate. Harvard Business Review, September\/October, 1995b.\r\n[53]. Porter, E.M. (1985) Competitive Advantage, the Free Press, London.\r\n[54]. Porter, M. (1980).Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York, the Free Press.\r\n[55]. Porter, M. (1985), Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, London, Free Press, p. 120.\r\n[56]. Porter, M. E. (1996). What Is a Strategy? Harvard Business Review, November\u2013December, 45-59.\r\n[57]. Sarkar, A. N. (2012). Green branding and eco-innovations for evolving a sustainable green marketing strategy. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 8(1), 39-58\r\n[58]. Schandl, H., Hatfield-Dodds, S., &amp; Wiedmann, T. (2016). Decoupling Global Environmental Pressure and Economic growth: Scenarios for Energy Use, materials use and Carbon Emissions, Journal of Cleaner-2016- Elsevier\r\n[59]. Sukhatme, B. Kaczmareck M. Harlod A. &amp; Robertson. A (2010), The Environmental Performance of Dutch Government Bond Funds, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 92, No. 1, pp. 117-130\r\n[60]. Xu, M. (2009).The Main Obstacle to the Development of New Energy Vehicles and Solutions, Shanghai Automobile, 8, 7.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3004\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3004\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3004\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Samuel Olinjo, Joyce Mugure Nderitu, Honnon Samuel Kosney &#8220;Green Energy Strategies on Sustainable Development Goal Seven on Affordable Clean Energy at Kenya Electricity Generating Company Limited&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.249-255 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/249-255.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3005\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3005\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3005\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/249-255.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3006\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3006\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3006\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/green-energy-strategies-on-sustainable-development-goal-seven-on-affordable-clean-energy-at-kenya-electricity-generating-company-limited\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Green Energy Strategies on Sustainable Development Goal Seven on Affordable Clean Energy at Kenya Electricity Generating Company Limited<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca5996 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1ca5996\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca5a89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca5a89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca5c14\" data-id=\"1ca5c14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca5d41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ca5d41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca5df0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca5df0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca5f5e\" data-id=\"1ca5f5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca6080 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ca6080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca6123 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca6123\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca628e\" data-id=\"1ca628e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca639a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ca639a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Central African Republic\u2019s Conflict and Its Impact on Cameroon, 2002 \u2013 2016<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ernest Dzelamonyuy, Prof. Simon Tata Ngenge &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 256-261<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ca6442 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ca6442\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ca65ab\" data-id=\"1ca65ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca66d6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1ca66d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3001\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3001\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3002\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3002\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3003\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3003\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3004\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3004\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3005\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3005\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3006\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3006\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3001\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3001\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3001\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The African continent holds an unenviable record of being one of the most conflict prone continents of the world. This trend began immediately after most of the countries in the continent attained independence in the 1960s. These conflicts necessitated the involvement of sub \u2013 regional, regional and international organisations and come with consequences for the particular country as well as its neighbours. The main aim of this paper is topresent the conflict in the Central African Republic and to examine its consequences on the neighbouring Cameroon. The aim here is to expose the spill over potential of African conflicts that are otherwise considered as internal. The paper is divided into three parts. Part one deals with a synoptic overview of the conflict drivers and its main protagonists. Part two deals with efforts towards its resolution while part three dwells on the consequences of the conflict on Cameroon.\r\nThe paper argues that internal conflicts in African states have spillover effects on neighbouring countries and have the potential of turning latent grievances in those neighbouring countries into full bloom conflicts. This was done through the use of primary and secondary sources in the form of interviews, documents, journals and conference resolutions. These were carefully examined to arrive at the findings of the paper which attest to the spillover quality of African conflicts.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 256-261\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 Febuary 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3002\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3002\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3002\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ernest Dzelamonyuy<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhD Student, Department of History and Archeology, University of Bamenda, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Simon Tata Ngenge<\/strong><\/span>\r\nVice Dean, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Bamenda, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3003\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3003\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3003\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. ACLED. \u201cCountry Report: Central African Republic\u201d In ACLED. Washington DC: ACLED, 2015.\r\n[2]. Archange, F.T. \u201cCentral African Republic: National Recovery and Peace building Plan\u201d. Bangui: World Bank Group, 2016.\r\n[3]. Conciliation Resources \u201cAnalysis of the Conflict and Peace building in the Central African Republic\u201d. InConciliation Resources. London: CR, November 2015.\r\n[4]. COPAX Protocol. Article 4, February 1999.\r\n[5]. Dukhan, N. The Central African Republic Crisis. Birmingham: GSDRC, 2016.\r\n[6]. ECCAS. Treaty Establishing the Economic Community of Central African States. Libreville, 1981.\r\n[7]. Global Witness. \u201cBlood Timber: How Europe fund war in the Central African Republic\u201d In Global View. Washington DC: Global View, 2015.\r\n[8]. https:\/\/www.state\/gov\/g\/drl\/r.irf\/2010\/14867\/htm. \u201cCentral African Republic, International Religious Freedom Report. Accessed October 2017.\r\n[9]. Interview with Bozangue Bambe Sandra. CAR Refugee in Yaound\u00e9.\r\n[10]. Knoope, P et al. \u201cCentral African Republic: A Conflict Misunderstood\u201d. Cape Town: The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation, 2015.\r\n[11]. Lombard, L. \u201cCultural Anthropology A Brief Political History of the Central African Republic (CAR). In A Hot Spot. Washington DC: IPIS, 2014.\r\n[12]. Lynn, Tamara et al. Central African Republic Culture, History and People. New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc, 2014.\r\n[13]. Mckenna, Amy et al (ed). Beyond Economic Liberalization in Africa: Structural Adjustment and the Alternatives. London: Zed Books, 1995.\r\n[14]. Meyer, A. Peace and Security Co-operation in Central Africa: Developments, Challengesand Prospects. Uppsala: NordiskaAfrikainstitute, 2011.\r\n[15]. Ncube, Mthuli et al, \u201cDrivers and Dynamics of Fragility\u201d. In Africa Economic Brief, Volume 4, Issue 5. London: ADB Group, 2013.\r\n[16]. Sy, A et al. \u201cEmerging from Crisis: The Role of Economic Recovery in creating a durable Peace for the Central African Republic\u201d. In Global View No 4 Washington DC: Global View, 2015\r\n[17]. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Central African Republic. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc, 1984.\r\n[18]. US Department of State. Field Evaluation of local Integration of Central African Refugees in Cameroon: Final Report\u201d. Washington DC: Department of State No SAWMMA13F2592, September 2014.\r\n[19]. Weyns, Y et al. Mapping Conflict Motives: The Central African Republic. Antwerp: IPIS, 2014.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3004\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3004\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3004\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ernest Dzelamonyuy, Prof. Simon Tata Ngenge &#8220;The Central African Republic\u2019s Conflict and Its Impact on Cameroon, 2002 \u2013 2016&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.256-261 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/256-261.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3005\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3005\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3005\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/256-261.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3006\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3006\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3006\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-central-african-republics-conflict-and-its-impact-on-cameroon-2002-2016\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Central African Republic\u2019s Conflict and Its Impact on Cameroon, 2002 \u2013 2016<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cba87c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1cba87c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cba981 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cba981\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cbab1c\" data-id=\"1cbab1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbac54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cbac54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cbacfd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cbacfd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cbae5c\" data-id=\"1cbae5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbaf6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cbaf6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cbb016 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cbb016\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cbb168\" data-id=\"1cbb168\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbb285 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cbb285\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cbb326 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cbb326\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cbb492\" data-id=\"1cbb492\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbb5a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cbb5a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Contemporary Issues Affecting the Rights and Obligations of Landlords under Extant Laws in Nigeria and England<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Jonathan Ekperusi, ESQ. &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 262-269<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cbb64b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cbb64b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cbb7e5\" data-id=\"1cbb7e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbb926 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1cbb926\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The rights and obligations of landlords in Nigeria have been affected by a series of legislative interventions and case law over the years. Every State in Nigeria has its own Landlord and Tenant Law. The application of the general principles of leasehold law reflects the context of the particular letting. In England as in Nigeria, there are many distinct statutory codes radically different in various respects, but with the general policy of limiting the rent that a landlord can collect, restricting his right to recover possession of premises at the end of a lease or during the term created, among others. In Nigeria, prior to the enactment of the Land Use Act 1978, leases and tenancies existed in contradistinction to freehold estates in land, in terms of duration and tenure, ranking next to freehold interests. The reduction of all interests in land to a right of occupancy by the Land Use Act marked a paradigm shift in nomenclature and largely tenure. Under the present system of landholding in Nigeria, a right of occupancy has the semblance of a lease while the leasehold interest is akin to a sublease. An assignment of a lease implies an assignment of the residue of the term while a transfer of a measure of same is known as an underlease. While the new forms of estate that can be created under the Land Use Act may be strange to the English Lawyer, the nature of leases and tenancies, the obligation of the parties thereto, and the mode of termination of same, among others, are still governed by the old common law principles and rules either in their original form or as modified by local statutes. The paper reveals that the law of landlord and tenant in England has evolved much more than where it is in Nigeria. The affinity between Nigeria and England, should encourage Nigeria to take advantage of robust developments in England, such as the duty on landlords not to engage in retaliatory evictions, the obligation on residential landlords not to let premises to illegal immigrants, and the liability of landlords for certain anti-social behaviour of their tenants. The device of \u2018break clauses\u2019 gives additional rights to landlords to recover demised premises earlier than anticipated. The paper addresses the dire need to check the activities of illegal immigrants across Nigerian borders and the residency status of persons in volatile areas like the North East region and certain hotspots in the North of Nigeria, as well as the menace of so-called Fulani cattle herders wreaking havoc in Nigerian Communities by legislation that imposes checks on landlords in the affected areas in allowing non-Nigerians to reside in their premises.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 262-269\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 Febuary 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jonathan Ekperusi, ESQ.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nImo State University, Owerri, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Books\r\n[1]. AA Utuama, (ed.), Critical Issues in Nigerian Property Law (Malthouse Press Ltd 2016)\r\n[2]. E Chianu, Law of Landlord and Tenant (2nd edn, Lawlords Publications\r\n[3]. EH Burn, and J Cartwright, Cheshire and Burn\u2019s Modern Law of Real Property (18th edn,Oxford University Press 2010)\r\n[4]. IO Smith, Practical Approach to Law of Real Property (rev edn, Ecowatch Publications 2013)\r\n[5]. TO Elias, Nigerian Land Law(4th edn,Sweet &amp; Maxwell 1971)\r\n[6]. RA Onuoha, Basic Principles of Nigerian Land Law (ANON Publishers 2010)\r\n[7]. RA Onuoha, Thesis on Land Use Act &amp; Critical Issues of Reform Plus New Draft Rules &amp; Regulation for Enforcement (ANON Publishers 2013)\r\nArticles and Chapters in Books\r\n[8]. E Schatzberger, \u2018The Immigration Act 2014: Not on the List You \u2018re Not Coming\r\n[9]. In; Landlords Forced to Discriminate\u2019 [2015] (5) The Conveyancer and Property Lawyer, 395 \u2013 407\r\n[10]. F Sadiq and J Bates, \u2018A Landlord\u2019s Liability for Acts of its Tenants: X v.\r\n[11]. Hounslow LBC and Mitchell v. Glasgow City Council\u2019 [2009] (12) (1) Journal of Housing Law, 9 \u2013 14\r\n[12]. J Luba and J Compton, \u2018An End to Retaliatory Evictions?: New Measures on Repossession by Private Sector Landlords\u2019 [2015] (19) (3) Landlord &amp; Tenant Review, 113 \u2013 118\r\n[13]. MT Lonegrass, \u2018Eliminating Landlord Retaliation in England and Wales \u2013 Lessons from the United States\u2019 [2015] 75 Louisiana Law Review, 1072 \u2013 1123.\r\n[14]. N Rees, \u2018Beyond Repairs: Increased Rights for Landlords to Recover Maintenance Cost\u2019 [2013] (14) Solicitors Journal, 157\r\n[15]. P Orji and L Meyer, \u2018The Spectrum of Compliance in the Break Clauses of Commercial Leases\u2019 [2015] 5 The Conveyancer and Property Lawyer, 408 \u2013 416\r\n[16]. RA Onuoha, \u2018Compulsory Acquisition without Compensation Under Nigerian Law\u2019 in AA Utuama (ed.), Critical Issues in Nigerian Property Law (Malthouse Press Ltd 2016) 29\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jonathan Ekperusi, ESQ. &#8220;Contemporary Issues Affecting the Rights and Obligations of Landlords under Extant Laws in Nigeria and England&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.262-269 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/262-269.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/262-269.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/contemporary-issues-affecting-the-rights-and-obligations-of-landlords-under-extant-laws-in-nigeria-and-england\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contemporary Issues Affecting the Rights and Obligations of Landlords under Extant Laws in Nigeria and England<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbc74f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1cbc74f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cbc885 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cbc885\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cbca7c\" data-id=\"1cbca7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbcbbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cbcbbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cbcc62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cbcc62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cbcdd9\" data-id=\"1cbcdd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc4937 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cc4937\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc4ad0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc4ad0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cc4cd2\" data-id=\"1cc4cd2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc4e20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cc4e20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Women\u2019s Family Rights in Isl\u0101m: Issues and Solutions<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Abu Nasar Mohammad Abdul Mabood &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 270-274<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc4ed2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc4ed2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cc505b\" data-id=\"1cc505b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc518d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1cc518d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Isl\u0101m permits marriage to protect the sex from illegal use and make a sound, happy and peaceful family like a heaven practicing husband\u2019s and wife\u2019s duties and availing rights. So, Isl\u0101m requires that the both have to treat each other with respect and love. All\u0101h refers to the bond of love and affection of a husband and wife in the Qur\u2019\u0101n;\u201cAnd of His signs is, that He created for you from yourselves mates that you may find repose in them, and He set between you affection and mercy, verily in this are signs for a people who ponder.\u201d This determines the proper status of the wife in Isl\u0101m. A husband must treat with his wife honorably, kindly and with mutual respect, behave gently one another, and take decision with mutual discussion. That is the family rights of women in Isl\u0101m. The author attempts to focus in this paper the family rights of women in Isl\u0101m and its implementation to our Muslim society and solutions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 270-274\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Abu Nasar Mohammad Abdul Mabood<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Yazid Al-Rabi\u2018y Al-Qazwiny, as-Sunan,(MaktabahRasidiyah, Delhi: 1400 H.)\r\n[26]. IbnKathi&gt;r, Al-Ima&gt;m Abu al-Fida Ismail b. \u2018Umar, Tafsi&gt;rulQur\u2019a&gt;nil \u2018Azim, vol.1-8, da&gt;r al-Hadith, Cairo, 2005.\r\n[27]. Al-Qurtuby, Abu Abdullah Mohammad b. Ahmad, al-Jami\u2018 li-Ahka&gt;mil Qur\u2019an, vol.5 &amp; 19, al-Maktabah al-Haqqaniah, Pakistan, 1997.\r\n[28]. Al-Kasany , Al-Imam Ala\u2019uddinAbi&gt;BakrIbnSa\u2018ud, Bada&gt;i\u2018ussana&gt;i\u2018 fi Tartib al-Shari\u2019a, vol. 2, Da&gt;r al- Kitab, Dewbond, India, n.d.\r\n[29]. Hamilton, Charles, tr. The Hidaya: Commentary on the Islamic Laws; London, vol. 1, 1985.\r\n[30]. al-San\u2018ani&gt;, Abdur Razzaq b. Hammam, al-Musannaf, vol.9, no.16501, published by al-majlis al-\u2018Ilmi, South Africa, Karachi, Pakistan, 1972.\r\n[31]. as-Sijista&gt;ny, Abu&gt;Dawu&gt;d Sulyma&gt;n bin al-\u2018ash\u2019ath, SunanuAbi&gt;Dawu&gt;d, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon, 2005.\r\n[32]. Rao, C.N. Shankar, SOCIOLOGY PRIMARY PRINCIPLES,S. Chand &amp; Company LTD., New Delhi, 2000.\r\n[33]. Tritton, A.S., Islam, Hutchinson &amp; Co. LTD, London, 1968.\r\n[34]. Hasan, Abdul Ghaffar, \u201cThe rights and Duties of Women in Islam\u201d, Edited by Abdul Rahman Abdullah, (Darussalam Publication:1996), Pakistan.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Abu Nasar Mohammad Abdul Mabood &#8220;Women\u2019s Family Rights in Isl\u0101m: Issues and Solutions&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.270-274 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/270-274.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/270-274.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/womens-family-rights-in-islam-issues-and-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Women\u2019s Family Rights in Isl\u0101m: Issues and Solutions<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc5ff6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1cc5ff6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc60de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc60de\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cc6261\" data-id=\"1cc6261\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc6390 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cc6390\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc6430 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc6430\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cc658c\" data-id=\"1cc658c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc6693 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cc6693\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc672e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc672e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cc6894\" data-id=\"1cc6894\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc69aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cc69aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Indonesian Identity in Indonesia-Malaysia Border Community<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adolfo Eko Setyanto, Ignatius Agung Satyawan, Sri Herwindya Baskara Wijaya, Salieg Luki Munestri &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 275-278<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc6a4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc6a4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cc6bfa\" data-id=\"1cc6bfa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc6d4b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1cc6d4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This article described the Indonesian identity in Indonesia-Malaysia border area. The method employed in this study was qualitative one with phenomenological approach. The goal of research was Indonesian citizens residing in Sebatik Island, North Borneo. This study viewed the extent to which the integration of Indonesian and Malaysian cultural identity occurs. Indonesians residing in border area had encountered Indonesian crisis as characterized with the emergence of double nationality. The factors leading to the emergence of Indonesian identity crisis were economic, political, and social-cultural. Variety of attempts had been taken by both government and civilians to solidify Indonesian identity in border community.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 275-278\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adolfo Eko Setyanto<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Communication, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ignatius Agung Satyawan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartmen of International Relations, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sri Herwindya Baskara Wijaya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Communication, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Salieg Luki Munestri<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartmen of International Relations, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Calhoun, C. (1994). Social Theory and the Politics of Identity.Oxford: Blackwell.\r\n[2]. Castells, M. (2010). ThePower of Identity. Oxford: Blackwell.\r\n[3]. Dino(2013).\u201cNasionalisme Masyarakat Perbatasan: Studikasusdi Desa Siding, Kecamatan Siding, Kabupaten Bengkayang\u201d,Aspirasi, 1 (1), 1-5.\r\n[4]. Eilenberg, M. Dam Wadley, R.L. (2009). \u201cBorderland livelihood strategies: The socio- economic significance of ethnicityin cross-border labour migration, West Kalimantan, Indonesia\u201d. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 50 (1), 58-73.\r\n[5]. Firiastuti(2002).\u201cMobility of Peopleand Goods across the Border of West Kalimantan and Sarawak\u201d.Antropologi Indonesia. 67, 94-104.\r\n[6]. Gelisli, Y. (2014). \u201cThe Development Study of National Identity Perception Scale\u201d. Dalam International Journal on New Trends in Education, 5 (4), 1-11.\r\n[7]. Herdiansyah, H. (2010). Metodologi Penelitian KualitatifuntukIlmu-ilmu Sosial.Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.\r\n[8]. Jaya, P. H.I. (2006). \u201cMake the Video: Sebuah Metodedalam PAR\u201d, Dilema, 18 (2). Parekh,B.(2000). A New Politics of Identity. NewYork :Palgrave McMillian.\r\n[9]. Rozi, S. (2014). \u201cPotret Rasa Kebangsaan di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia: Kasus Desa Long Nawang Malinaudan Krayan Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara\u201d. Dalam Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 11 (1), 109-130\r\n[10]. Salah, H. M. (2011). \u201cModel Pemaknaan Nasionalisme Masyarakat Pulau Sebatik Kalimantan Timur\u201d dalam Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 7 (2), 202-221.\r\n[11]. Saliem, dkk. (2011). Kajian Masterplan Percepatandan Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia(Mp3EI).Pusat Sosia lEkonomidan Kebijakan Pertanian Badan Penelitiandan Pengembangan Pertanian Kementerian Pertanian.\r\n[12]. Sulehan, J. Dkk. (2013). \u201cDevelopmen tat the Margins: Livelihood and Sustainability of Communities at Malaysia-Indonesia Borders\u201d. Sociologijaiprostor,197(3), 547-562.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adolfo Eko Setyanto, Ignatius Agung Satyawan, Sri Herwindya Baskara Wijaya, Salieg Luki Munestri &#8220;Indonesian Identity in Indonesia-Malaysia Border Community&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.275-278 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/275-278.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/275-278.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/indonesian-identity-in-indonesia-malaysia-border-community\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Indonesian Identity in Indonesia-Malaysia Border Community<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ccba43 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1ccba43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ccbb4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ccbb4a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ccbcf0\" data-id=\"1ccbcf0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ccbe2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ccbe2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ccbed7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ccbed7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc039\" data-id=\"1ccc039\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc16c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ccc16c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc211 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ccc211\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc367\" data-id=\"1ccc367\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc471 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ccc471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc50c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ccc50c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc681\" data-id=\"1ccc681\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc799 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ccc799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Concept of <i>Al-\u2018Amm<\/i> (General) and <i>Al-Khass<\/i> (Specific) in the Glorious Qur\u2019an: The Perspective of <i>Shaykh<\/i> \u2018Abd Allah BnFoduye<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Muhammad Sani Abdullahi Jos &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 279-283<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc836 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ccc836\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc9a3\" data-id=\"1ccc9a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cccacc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1cccacc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Muslims have from earliest times applied themselves not only to the message from Allah-the Qur\u2019an-but also to its setting and framework, and the preoccupation with these ultimately developed into the sciences of or \u2018knowledge\u2019 about the Qur\u2019an, known as \u201c\u2018<i>Ulumal-Qur\u2019an<\/i>.\u201d\r\n<i>\u2018Ulum al-Qur\u2019an<\/i> (Qur\u2019anic Sciences) covers many areas such as <i>asbab al-Nuzul<\/i> (causes of revelation), the knowledge of <i>Makki<\/i> and <i>Madani<\/i> revelations, the knowledge of the various forms (<i>al-Ahruf<\/i>) it was revealed in, the understanding of its <i>al-Nasikhwa al-Mansukh<\/i> abrogated rulings and verses, the knowledge of the various classifications of its verses (<i>Muhkam and Mustashabih, \u2018Amm<\/i> (general) and <i>Khass<\/i>(specific), <i>Mutlaq<\/i> and <i>Muqayyad<\/i> among the others).Therefore, the paper attempts to discuss the definition of Qur\u2019anic sciences, Scope of Qur\u2019anic Sciences, Aim and Objectives of Qur\u2019anic Sciences, and Significance of Qur\u2019anic Sciences to the <i>Muslim Ummah<\/i>. Furthermore, the two concepts that are <i>Al-Amm<\/i>and <i>Al-Khass<\/i> among the various topics in the Qur\u2019anic sciences will be discussed extensively under the perception or views of <i>ShaykhAbd<\/i> Allah BnFoduye. The analytical method is used while gathering data of this research.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 279-283\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Muhammad Sani Abdullahi Jos<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Al-Qur\u2019an-Kareem, (1997), Arabic text with corresponding English meanings, Al-Muntada Al-Islamy: AbulQasim Publishing House.\r\n[2]. Al-Amin.M. S. (1422A.H.), Al-Tabsirah Fi \u2018Ulum al-Qur\u2019an, fourth edition, (np), (np).\r\n[3]. Al-Qattan, M. (2000), Mabahith Fi \u2018Ulum al-Qur\u2019an,Maktabah al-Ma\u2019arifah.Al-Qahirah.\r\n[4]. Al-Qurtubi, M. A. (1999),Al-Jami\u2019 Li Ahkam al-Qur\u2019an, First (ed.), Vol. 1.Dar al-Fikr.\r\n[5]. Al-Tabari, M. J. (2000), Jami\u2019 al-Bayan Fi Ta\u2019wil al-Qur\u2019an, Vol. 8: Cairo. Mu\u2019assasatu al-Risalah, Cairo.\r\n[6]. Al-Zurqani, M. A. (n.d), ManahililIr-Fan Fi \u2018Ulum al-Qur\u2019an,Matba\u2019 Isah Al-Baby, Al-Halaby: Cairo.\r\n[7]. Ashur, I. (2000), Al-Tahrirwa Al-Tanwir, Vol. I. Mu\u2019assasat al-Tarikh: Beirut.\r\n[8]. Anis, (1972), Al-Mu\u2019jam al-Wasit, Majma\u2019 Lugat: Cairo.\r\n[9]. Denffer, A. V. (1983), \u2018Ulum al-Qur\u2019an, an Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur\u2019an\u2019, Gosport. Hants, Ashford colour Press Ltd.\r\n[10]. Foduye, A. (2013), Al-Fara\u2019id al- JalilahwaSa\u2019it al-Fawa\u2019id al-Jamilah Fi\u2018Ulum al-Qur\u2019an, M. A. Kaigama et al (trans), S. Musa (ed) \u201cselected writings of Shaykh \u2018Abd Allah bnFoduye\u201d vol. 2. Iqra publishing House Gusau.\r\n[11]. __________(2011), Miftah, al-Tafsir, M.T. Gulma (ed.), Dar al-UmmahLiwakalat at-Matbua\u2019at, Kano.\r\n[12]. Ibn al-Mandhur, M. M. (1414), Lisan al-Arab, Vol. 1.Dar al-Sadir, Beirut.\r\n[13]. IbnQudama, A. M. (2000),Lam\u2019ah al-I\u2019tiqad, Saudi Arabia: The Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs.\r\n[14]. IbnKath\u012br, A. (2000), Tafs\u012br Al-Qur\u2019\u0101n Al-\u2018Az\u012bm. Cairo: MaktabatAvlad Al Shaykh Let-Tur\u0101th and MuassasatQurtuba.\r\n[15]. Kamali, M. H. (1991), Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, UK: Cambridge CBI, the Islamic Text Society.\r\n[16]. Maihankali, A. U. (1996), Irwa\u2019 al-Dham\u2019an Fi \u2018Ulum al-Qur\u2019an, (np), (np).\r\n[17]. Qadhi, A.Y. (1999), An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur\u2019an. Al-Hidayah Publishing &amp; Distribution.\r\n[18]. Sabuni, M. A. (1970), Al-Tibyan Fi \u2018Ulum al-Qur\u2019an, Beirut. (n.p).\r\n[19]. Suyuti, A. (1967), Al-Itqan Fi \u2018Ulum al-Qur\u2019an. Ibrahim, M.A. (ed.), (np), (np).\r\n[20]. _________(1985), Itmam al-Dirayah Li Qurra\u2019 al-Naqayah, A. Ibrahim (ed.), Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut.\r\n[21]. _________(1985), Tadrib Al-Rawi Fi SharhTaqrib Al-Nawawi, N. M. Al-Farabi (ed.),MaktabatAl-Kauthar.\r\n[22]. Usmani, M. M. T. (2000), \u201cAn Approach to the Qur\u2019anic Sciences (Ulum al-Qur\u2019an)\u201d. M. S. Siddiqui (trans), in: R. AbdurRahman (ed) Pakistan: DarulIsha\u2019at Urdu Bazar Karanchi.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Muhammad Sani Abdullahi Jos &#8220;Concept of <i>Al-\u2018Amm<\/i> (General) and <i>Al-Khass<\/i> (Specific) in the Glorious Qur\u2019an: The Perspective of <i>Shaykh<\/i> \u2018Abd Allah BnFoduye&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.279-283 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/279-283.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/279-283.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/concept-of-al-amm-general-and-al-khass-specific-in-the-glorious-quran-the-perspective-of-shaykh-abd-allah-bnfoduye\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Concept of <i>Al-\u2018Amm<\/i> (General) and <i>Al-Khass<\/i> (Specific) in the Glorious Qur\u2019an: The Perspective of <i>Shaykh<\/i> \u2018Abd Allah BnFoduye<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd5ab2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1cd5ab2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cd5c15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cd5c15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cd5dd8\" data-id=\"1cd5dd8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd5f14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cd5f14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cd5fce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cd5fce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cd6128\" data-id=\"1cd6128\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd6252 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cd6252\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cd62f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cd62f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cd6452\" data-id=\"1cd6452\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd6566 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cd6566\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cd6609 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cd6609\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cd67b4\" data-id=\"1cd67b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd68de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cd68de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Abraham Maslow\u2019s Hierarchy of Needs Dynamics in the Administration of Public Organizations under the President Buhari\u2019s Democratic Dispensation in Nigerian Health Sector<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>OBETA, Uchejeso; OBI, Mabel; GOYIN, Longul; OJO, James &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 284-290<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cd6992 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cd6992\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cd6b0a\" data-id=\"1cd6b0a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd6c34 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1cd6c34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Abraham Maslow became one of the foremost spokesmen of humanistic psychology who emphasized the positive side of humanity. The theory of Hierarchy of needs made motivation and job satisfaction immensely popular and helpful in assessing administrative performance. Though some corrupt behaviours which includes bribery, misappropriation, nepotism, fraud, embezzlement, extortion, favoritism, rigging of elections, and falsification of voters register, over-invoicing, money laundering, examination malpractices, health professionals\u2019 rivalry and security challenges such as Gbokoharamism, Herdmanisn, kidnapping and assassination exist in the current President Buhari administration with serious effects on the health sector, the Buhari administration has done a lot in consideration of Maslow\u2019s Hierarchy of Needs ranging from physiological, safety, belongings, esteem and self &#8211; actualization needs with very high expectations in the health sector.The chance for another term for President Buhari could be an opportunity to accomplish the Maslow\u2019s theory of hierarchy of needs among Nigerians and in Health sector in particular.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 284-290\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OBETA, Uchejeso<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OBI, Mabel<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>GOYIN, Longul<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OJO, James<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Fallatah, R.H.M. and J. Syed (2018). A Critical Review of Maslow\u2019s Hierarchy of Needs (in) Employee Motivation in Saudi Arabia, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-67741-5_2\r\n[2]. Sapru, R. K. (2013) Administrative Theories and Management Thought. Third edition; PHI Learning Private Ltd, Delhi\r\n[3]. Onah, F.O. (2015). Human Resource Management. 4th Edition University of Nigeria Press Ltd\r\n[4]. Moorhead, G. &amp; Griffin, R.W. (1998). Organizational behavior: Managing people and organizations (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin\r\n[5]. Pinder, C.C. (2008). Work Motivation in Organisational Behaviour (2nd ed.) New York: Psychology Press.\r\n[6]. Disu, A. S. &amp; Obeta, U.M. (2018) Strategic Analysis Of Job Motivation in Nigeria\u2019s Health-Care Sectors; Transafrican Journal of Contemporary Research(TJCR) International Journal of Sustainable Development, vol. 1. No. 2, Pp.152-163; June 2018, Jos, Transafrican Links, www.transafricaonline.com.\r\n[7]. Dutt, R., (2009). Organisational Behaviour (2nded.) Meerut: Krisha Prakashan Media (P) Limited. Singapore: IACSIT Press. Retrieved on May 28, 2018 from: http:\/\/www.ipedr.com\/vol10\/106-10089.pdf\r\n[8]. Kolawole, J. O. &amp; Ali, O. (2013). Motivational Factors of Hospital Employees: Evidence from North Cyprus. Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business; April, 2013 VOL.4, NO.12\r\n[9]. Wiley, C. (1997). What motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys. International Journal of Manpower, Copyright c,MCB UP Ltd, 3 (18), 263-280 form: http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/Insight\/ViewContentServlet?Filename=Published\/EmeraldFullTextArticle\/Articles\/0160180303.html\r\n[10]. Ejumudo, K.B.O. (2013) Health Service Delivery in Nigeria: Managing the Organizational Environments; Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, Vol.3, No.4, 2013\r\n[11]. Osakede, K.O. &amp; Ijimakinwa, S.A. (2014). The Effect of Public Sector Health Care Workers Strike:Nigeria Experience. Review of Public Administration and Management Vol. 3, No.6, December 2014. www.arabianjbmr.com\/RPAM_index.php\r\n[12]. NICN. (2013). The Association of Medical Laboratory Scientists of Nigeria and others V The Hon. Attoney General of the Federation, FMOH and others. SUIT NO. NICN\/ABJ\/128\/2012; Certified True Copy of National Industrial Court of Nigeria in Abwa Judicial Division Holding at Abuja 23rd October, 2013.\r\n[13]. NICN. (2015). Association of Medical Laboratory Scientists of Nigeria, AMLSN, JUTH and others V JUTH, BOT JUTH and others. SUIT NO. NICN\/JOS\/8\/2014; Certified True Copy of National Industrial Court of Nigeria in Abuja Judicial Division Holding at Abuja 5th October, 2015.\r\n[14]. Adedeji J. Ogunleye &amp; Olanrewaju S. Adebayo (2012). Corruption and Development in Nigeria: A Psychological Perspective. Global Journal of Human Social Science Arts &amp; Humanities, Volume 12 Issue 9 Version 1.0 June, 2012.\r\n[15]. Buchanan, D., &amp; Huczynski, A. (2004). Organizational Behaviour: An Introductory Text (5th ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited.\r\n[16]. Umar, H. A., &amp; TubosunB. V. (2016). Change Agenda Policy of Nigeria: A School Administrative Paradigm for National Development; International Journal of scientific research and management (IJSRM) Volume 4 Issue 04 Pages 4062-4076.www.ijsrm.in\r\n[17]. Abdullahi M. &amp; Usman, S. (2018). Challenges of Buhari&#8217;s Administration and its Implication on Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria (2015-2017). Social Science and Law Journal of Policy Review and Development Strategies; SSLJPRDS; Volume 6, Number 1 March, 2018.\r\n[18]. Presidency (2018) Buhari Administration&#8217;s 3rd Anniversary Facts Sheet. http:\/\/www.nta.ng\/news\/buhari\/20180601-buhari-administrations-3rd-anniversary-facts-sheet-by-presidency\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">OBETA, Uchejeso; OBI, Mabel; GOYIN, Longul; OJO, James &#8220;Abraham Maslow\u2019s Hierarchy of Needs Dynamics in the Administration of Public Organizations under the President Buhari\u2019s Democratic Dispensation in Nigerian Health Sector&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.284-290 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/284-290.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/284-290.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/abraham-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-dynamics-in-the-administration-of-public-organizations-under-the-president-buharis-democratic-dispensation-in-nigerian-health-sector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abraham Maslow\u2019s Hierarchy of Needs Dynamics in the Administration of Public Organizations under the President Buhari\u2019s Democratic Dispensation in Nigerian Health Sector<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd7f8b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1cd7f8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cd8187 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cd8187\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cd8464\" data-id=\"1cd8464\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cdc57f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cdc57f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cdc71b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cdc71b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cdca02\" data-id=\"1cdca02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cdcc4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cdcc4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cdcda0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cdcda0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cdd062\" data-id=\"1cdd062\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cdd2b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cdd2b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cdd3f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cdd3f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cdd6d0\" data-id=\"1cdd6d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cdd905 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cdd905\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Criminal Responsibility of Subsidiaries That Causes State Loses<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Rosiani Niti Pawitri, Adi Sulistiyono, Albertus Sentot Sudarwanto &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 291-294<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cdda5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cdda5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cddd25\" data-id=\"1cddd25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cddf78 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1cddf78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The existence of a State-Owned Enterprise (SOE&#8217;s) is an implementation of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Where it has a strategic position to improve people&#8217;s welfare. As time goes by, SOE&#8217;s are required to change so the company has high competitiveness and creativity in global competition, one of which is by forming a state-owned holding. The phenomenon of the formation of state-owned holding in Indonesia raises interesting problems related to the legal responsibility of state-owned subsidiaries which result in state losses whether it is charged with corruption or not. This research is conducted using normative legal research. Types of data used in this research are secondary data with primary and secondary legal material. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the criminal liability of state-owned subsidiaries that causes state losses in which the loss is a business loss cannot be snared by corruption. This is in line with the Constitutional Court Decision Number 62\/PUU-XI\/2013 provided that the directors have implemented business judgment rule as stipulated in Article 97 paragraph (5) of the Company Law.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 291-294\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rosiani Niti Pawitri<\/strong><\/span>\r\nStudent of Magister, Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adi Sulistiyono<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Albertus Sentot Sudarwanto<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Dewi Tuti Muryati, B. Rini Heryanti, Dharu Triasih, \u201cKajian Normatif Atas Kepailitan Bumn (Persero) Dalamkaitannya Dengan Pengaturan Perseroan Terbatas (Normatif&#8217;s Study On BUMN&#8217;s(Persero)Bankruptcy In Its bearing With Limited Liability Arrangement)\u201d, Jurnal Dinamika Sosbud, Volume 17 Nomor 2, Juni 2015. Hlm. 30\r\n[2]. Nur Fadjrih Asyik, \u201cPolitical-Economy Accounting Perspective: Landasan Baru Pemberdayaan BUMN\u201d, Jurnal Investasi Vol. 6No. 1 Juni 2010, hlm. 64\r\n[3]. Holding BUMN dan Upaya Mendongkrak Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, http:\/\/annualreport.id\/highlight\/holding-bumn-dan-upaya-mendongkrak-pertumbuhan-ekonomi, 08 Desember 2016, diakses pada 1 Agustus 2017\r\n[4]. Andriani Nurdin, Kepailitan BUMN Persero Berdasarkan Asas Kepastian Hukum, Bandung: Alumni, 2012, Hlm. 116-117\r\n[5]. Alexis Abodohoui, Bolarinwa Osunlalu, Nie Guihua, \u201cRoles of Subsidiaries to Parent and Motivations Justifying Their Presence in Developing Countries (DCs): Synthesis of Literature\u201d, iBusiness, 5, 2013, Hlm. 124\r\n[6]. Soerjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji. (2011). Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat.Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Page. 13-14\r\n[7]. Mukti Fajar dan Yulianto Achmad. (2010)Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif &amp; Empiris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Page. 183-184\r\n[8]. Soerjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji,Loc.Cit, Page. 24\r\n[9]. Audrya Luvika Siregar, Bismar Nasution, Mahmul Siregar, \u201cPerlindungan Saham Minoritas Dalam Holding Company\u201d, Transparency, Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi, Volume II Nomor 1, Juni 2013, Hlm. 2\r\n[10]. Emmy Panggaribuan, Seri Hukum Dagang, Perusahaan kelompok (Group Company\/Concern), Jogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada, 1997, Hlm. 2\r\n[11]. Sulistiowati, Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pada Perusahaan Grup di Indonesia, Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga, 2013.hlm.33\r\n[12]. Toto Pranoto, Holding Company BUMN: Konsep, Implementasi, dan Benchmarking, Jakarta: Lembaga Management Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2017, hlm. 96\r\n[13]. Januwianti Atikah, \u201cKajian Hukum Tentang Kepemilikan Modal Terhadap Badan Usaha Milik Negara Menjadi Badan Usaha Milik Swasta\u201dLex Crimen Vol. V\/No. 3\/Mar\/2016. Hlm. 58\r\n[14]. Penjelasan Pasal 2A ayat (2) PP Nomor 72 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 44 Tahun 2005 Tentang Tata Cara Penyertaan dan Penatausahaan Modal Negara Pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara dan Perseroan Terbatas\r\n[15]. Pasal 2A ayat (7) PP Nomor 72 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 44 Tahun 2005 Tentang Tata Cara Penyertaan dan Penatausahaan Modal Negara Pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara dan Perseroan Terbatas\r\n[16]. Sartika Nanda Lestari, Business Judgment Rule Sebagai Immunity Doctrine Bagi Direksi Badan Usaha Milik Negara Di Indonesia.Notarius. Edisi 08 Nomor 2 September 2015, 2015, hlm 396\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rosiani Niti Pawitri, Adi Sulistiyono, Albertus Sentot Sudarwanto &#8220;Criminal Responsibility of Subsidiaries That Causes State Loses&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.291-294 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/291-294.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/291-294.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/criminal-responsibility-of-subsidiaries-that-causes-state-loses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Criminal Responsibility of Subsidiaries That Causes State Loses<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cef236 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1cef236\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cef32b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cef32b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cef4f1\" data-id=\"1cef4f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cef62e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cef62e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cef6d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cef6d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cef839\" data-id=\"1cef839\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cef948 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cef948\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cef9ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cef9ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cefb35\" data-id=\"1cefb35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cefc4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cefc4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cefceb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cefceb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cefe5e\" data-id=\"1cefe5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ceff74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ceff74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Role of Religious Leaders in Reconciliation Process in Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Aruna Jayathilaka, Moahmed Ansari &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 295-299<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cf0016 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cf0016\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cf0189\" data-id=\"1cf0189\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cf02af elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1cf02af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Religion plays a vital role in modern conflicts through creating a powerful impact on peace building. The values contained in great religious teachings are essential to address and eradicate root causes of conflicts and attributes of religions including reliability as a trusted institution, a respected set of values, moral warrants for opposing injustice on the part of governments, unique leverage for promoting reconciliation among conflicting parties, a capability to mobilize communities are important in promoting peace and reconciliation. This study investigates the role of religious leaders in the process of post war reconciliation in Sri Lanka. Study applies qualitative methods by interviewing the project stakeholders of a particular project \u2018Collective Engagement for Religious Freedom\u2019 which covers eight districts in Sri Lanka.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 295-299\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aruna Jayathilaka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer in Political Science, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Moahmed Ansari<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProgram Officer, National Peace Council, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abraham, T. (2006).\u2018The Emergence of the LTTE and the Indo-Lanka Agreement of 1987\u2019, chapter 2 in K. Rupesinghe (ed.): Negotiating Peace in Sri Lanka.Efforts, Failures and Lessons.Volume One. Colombo: The Foundation for Co-Existence.\r\n[2]. Coomaraswamy, R (2003). \u2018The Politics of Institutional Design: An Overview of the Case of Sri Lanka\u2019, chapter 5 in S. Bastian &amp; R. Luckham (eds.): Can Democracy Be Designed? The Politics of Institutional Choice in Conflict-torn Societies. New York: Zed Books.\r\n[3]. Dhammananda,G, (2013), National Conference &#8216;The Role of Religion in Reconciliation&#8217; LakshmanKadirgamar Institute for International Relations and Strategic Studies (LKIIRSS).\r\n[4]. GanielG , 2000, Surveying Religion\u2019s Public Role: Perspectives on Reconciliation, Diversity and Ecumenism in Northern Ireland.\r\n[5]. Hamber B and Hugo M, (1998), \u201cWhat Is This Thing Called Reconciliation?\u201d , paper presented at the Goedgedacht Forum Cape Town.\r\n[6]. Hamber B &amp; Kelly G , (2004), A Working Definition of Reconciliation, Paper published by Democratic Dialogue, Belfast.\r\n[7]. Hofsvang M , 2008, Political representation and conflict in a multi ethnic society; A study of the civil war and the challenge.\r\n[8]. John D. Brewer, Gareth I. Higgins and Francis Teeney, 2011, Religion, Civil Society and Peace in Northern Ireland , New York: Oxford University Press.\r\n[9]. Karuna Center for Peace Building , (2013), Inter-faith peace building training manual. http:\/\/www.karunacenter.org\/uploads\/9\/6\/8\/0\/9680374\/____karunacenter-_inter-faith-tot-guide-2013.pdf (Accessed on 01.08.2019 )\r\n[10]. Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Lesson Learnt and Reconciliation, (2011), Lesson Learnt Reconciliation Commission Sri Lanka .\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aruna Jayathilaka, Moahmed Ansari &#8220;Role of Religious Leaders in Reconciliation Process in Sri Lanka&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.295-299 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/295-299.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/295-299.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/role-of-religious-leaders-in-reconciliation-process-in-sri-lanka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Role of Religious Leaders in Reconciliation Process in Sri Lanka<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cf10f4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1cf10f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cf11db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cf11db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d032be\" data-id=\"1d032be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d03474 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d03474\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d03542 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d03542\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d036d1\" data-id=\"1d036d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d037f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d037f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d038a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d038a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d03a04\" data-id=\"1d03a04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d03b21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d03b21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d03bc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d03bc5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d03d43\" data-id=\"1d03d43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d03e6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d03e6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Retirement Anxiety, on Psychosocial Issues and Social Adjustment and Counselling Needs among the Potential Retirees<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>ADEJARE, Toosin Adeyinka, DALHATU, Hafsatu, AYELABOWO, Odunitan Abidemi, YUSUF, Muhammad &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 300-307<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d03f14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d03f14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d0408d\" data-id=\"1d0408d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d041bb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1d041bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Retirement is a major event in a people\u2019s life time. It implies end of the person\u2019s work phase of life and the starting of a new one. To some people, the years in retirement may be longer than those of childhood and adolescence. This period comes with daunting challenges if not well prepared for. The transition to retirement depends on financial circumstances, attitude, health, the reaction and behaviour of loved ones and friends. Retirement entails adjustment to increase leisure time, decrease income generation, increase health concerns and changes in identity and interpersonal relationship. This paper is to examine retirement anxiety, counselling needs of potential retireeand issues the aged adults face in adjusting to retirement and counselling needs of potential retirees, this group of people to make a successful life transition. Economic effect and Psychological effects of disengagement from a work life and the challenges of societal life issues are discussed. These effects include partial identity disruption, decision paralysis, diminished self-trust, experience of a post retirement void.It was suggested that retirement anxiety should be taken into consideration by government in all sectors through sensitization, programmes, seminars and workshops to prepare the potential retirees on issues concerning retirement anxiety, there should be concerted effort of the counsellors\u2019 to the potential retirees to make sure that needs, such as additional income, healthy living, accommodation, acceptance from the society and living successful retirement life taking care of to reduce anxiety, anxiety management strategies such as sharing of worries, learning on how to cope with every situation, stepping back from issues that cause stress among others should be enhanced with the help of counsellors\u2019 to reduce the level of anxiety among the potential retirees.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 300-307\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ADEJARE, Toosin Adeyinka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education and Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>DALHATU, Hafsatu<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education and Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AYELABOWO, Odunitan Abidemi<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>YUSUF, Muhammad<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education and Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abubakar, H.S. (2016). Psychological Effect of Retirement on Retiree: Implications for Pre-retirement Counselling, Paper Presented at the Department of Educational Foundation. Faculty of Education and Extension services, UsmanuDanfodiyo University, Sokoto.\r\n[2]. Adeyemi, I.I. (2004). Guidance and Counselling in Education, Ilorin Indamac Publishers (Nig) Ltd. 1-6.\r\n[3]. Agbonluae, S,O. (2015). Counselling Interventions for Managing Retirement Anxiety among Workers. Ambrose Alli University, Journal of education 14, 1-4\r\n[4]. Alutu, P. (1999). Psychological and Economic Problems Associated with Retirement: Implications for Counselling. Published by Counselling Association of Nigeria (CASSON) 1, 66-71.\r\n[5]. Akinade, E.A. (2006). Towards Successful and Joyful Retirement, Ibadan: Oluakin Publishers.\r\n[6]. Akinade, E.A. (2011). Basic Features of Effective Retirement Planning, TheCounsellor, 29 (1), 100-110.\r\n[7]. Asuquo, N.P. &amp; Peter, S.J. (2008).Work Role Attachment and Retirement Intentions of Public School Teachers in Calabar, Student Home comm. Sci. 2 (1), 1-7.\r\n[8]. Baba , A.I (2011). Relationship Among Ageing, Stress Factors and Retirement of Teachers of Secondary School in Niger State, Unpublished M.ed Dissertation Submitted to Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University Sokoto.\r\n[9]. Bello, Z.N (2013). Relationship Among Teachers Stress, Teachers\u2019 Job Performance and Academic Performance of Senior Secondary School Students in Sokoto State Metropolis: Implications for Counseling, M.Ed Dissertation Submitted to UsmanuDanfodiyo University, Sokoto\r\n[10]. Dada, M.F. &amp;Idowu, A.I. (2010).Counselling Strategies for Managing Pre-Retirement Anxiety Among Employees Ilorin Journal of Education.\r\n[11]. Dalhatu, H. (2017). Attitude of Workers Toward Retirement in Wamakko Local Government Area, Sokoto State. An Unpublished M.ed Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Educational FundationsUsmanuDanfodiyo University, Sokoto.\r\n[12]. Ekoja, C. &amp; Tor-Anyim, S.A. (2005). Psychological Effect of Retirement on Retirees: Implications for Pre-Retirement Counselling in Nigeria. The Counsellor, 21, 146-155.\r\n[13]. Gbenda, B.C. (2006). Factors Affecting Preparation for Retirement Among Civil Servants in Benue State. The Counselor, 22, 216-226.\r\n[14]. Goldman, W.T. (2003). Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety.Retrieved from http:\/\/www.keepkidshealthy.com welcome\/condition\/anxietydisorder html, on 16th June, 2013.\r\n[15]. Goold, M.R.G. (2007). Retirement Effects of a Psycho Educational Program.UnpublishedPh.D Thesis Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland Australia.\r\n[16]. Industrial Training Fund.ITF (2004).Life in Retirement, Jos: Centre for Excellence press.\r\n[17]. Kolawole, S.A. &amp;Mallum, A.Y. (2004).Retirement Counselling Challenges, Opportunities and coping strategies. A Paper Presented at the 28th Annual National Conference of Counselling Association of Nigeria (CASSON). Maiduguri.\r\n[18]. Machima, H.M. (2012). Relationship Among Anxiety, Stress Factors and Counselling Needs of Retired Secondary School Teachers in Niger state M.ed Dissertation Submitted to UsmanuDanfodiyo University, Sokoto.\r\n[19]. Mamman, A. (2005).Reorientation of Workers Towards Meaningful Retirement. Counselling Implication, Counselling Proceedings 254-263.\r\n[20]. Nagodi, H.M. (2013). Gender Difference in Retirement Anxiety Among Secondary School Teachers in BirninKebbi Metropolis: Implications for Counselling. Unpublished Med Dissertation Submitted to UsmanuDanfodiyo University, Sokoto.\r\n[21]. Ndaman, I.A. (2004). Planning for Retirement ThroughCounselling. A Paper Presented at the 28th Annual National Conference of Counselling Association of NIGERIA (CASSON)\r\n[22]. Ode, T.A. (2004).Counselling for Retirement Adjustment. A Paper Presented at the 28th Annual National Conference of Counselling Association of Nigeria (CASSON) Maiduguri.\r\n[23]. Oladele, J.O. (2004). Fundamental of Educational Psychology, Handbook Education Students Laos.JohnS-Lad Publishers Ltd.\r\n[24]. Oniye, O.A (2001). Problem Associated with Retirement and Implications for Productive Adult Life. Nigerian Journal of Gender and Development.2 (1), 55-64.\r\n[25]. Raymond, J.C. (1999). Dictionary of Psychology. Philadelphia USA Brunner\/ Maze\/ Taylor and Francis group.\r\n[26]. Teuchet, U. (2010). Change and persistence of personal identities after the transition to retirement. International Journal of Aging and Human Development 70(1) 89 \u201310\r\n[27]. Undiyaundeye, F.A (2008). Reorientation of Workers Towards Retirement as a Counselling Techniques to Curb Stress. A paper presented at the Nigerian Society for Educational Psychologist, Held at Usmanu Danfodiyo university, Sokoto.\r\n[28]. Undiyaudeye, F.A Psychosocial Issues and Social Adjustment in Life after Retirement.International Journal of Humanities and Management Science (IJHMS) 4, 383-385\r\n[29]. W.H.O. (2009).Health of the Elderly (Report of Expert committee) Geneva: WHO.\r\n[30]. Wilson, K.N. &amp; Aggrey, E.A.M. (2012).Retirement Planning and Counselling: Issues and Challenges of Teachers in Public Schools in the Sekondi Circuit US-China Education Review. 755-767.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">ADEJARE, Toosin Adeyinka, DALHATU, Hafsatu, AYELABOWO, Odunitan Abidemi, YUSUF, Muhammad &#8220;Retirement Anxiety, on Psychosocial Issues and Social Adjustment and Counselling Needs among the Potential Retirees&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.300-307 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/300-307.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/300-307.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/retirement-anxiety-on-psychosocial-issues-and-social-adjustment-and-counselling-needs-among-the-potential-retirees\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Retirement Anxiety, on Psychosocial Issues and Social Adjustment and Counselling Needs among the Potential Retirees<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d05093 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d05093\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d051ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d051ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d0536b\" data-id=\"1d0536b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0549c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d0549c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d0553e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d0553e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d0569e\" data-id=\"1d0569e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d058bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d058bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d0597b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d0597b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d05ada\" data-id=\"1d05ada\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d05bef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d05bef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d05c8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d05c8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d05dfa\" data-id=\"1d05dfa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d05f0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d05f0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Guidance and Counselling: A Remedy for Community Development<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>ADEJARE, Toosin Adeyinka, AYELABOWO, Odunitan Abidemi, DALHATU, Hafsatu &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 308-312<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d05fae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d05fae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d06112\" data-id=\"1d06112\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0623a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1d0623a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper discussed how Guidance and Counselling is a remedy to the challenges that pose serious detriments to the development of a community such as unemployment, inadequate productivity among others, types of community development is also discuss in theses paper such as food security, health care among others and suggested ways to fix them. The remedy to all these issues are embedded in an effective guidance and counselling services. It was suggested that counsellors should be more committed to their work and voluntary offer cognitive behavioural therapy to youths during career talks and PTA meetings in schools and during orientation of youth corps at camp (NYSC). Government should come to the aid of guidance and counselling in Nigeria by making the services available, effective and sustainable across all the educational institutions and other social institutions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 308-312\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ADEJARE, Toosin Adeyinka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education and Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AYELABOWO, Odunitan Abidemi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>DALHATU, Hafsatu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education and Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abdullahi, A. &amp; Atsua, T. G. (2015). Identifying the Causes, Consequences and Counselling Strategies for Youths Restiveness in Yobe State. Sokoto International Journal of Counselling Psychology, 3 (2), 86-100\r\n[2]. Agrawal, R. (2006). Educational, Vocational Guidance and Counselling. New Delhi: Sipra Publication.\r\n[3]. Ahamed, I. G. &amp;Olatunji, A. (2014).An introduction to fundament Issues in Guidance and Counselling,Gusau: OL-Faith Publishing\r\n[4]. Anagbogu, M. A. (2005). Foundation of Guidance and Counselling for Colleges Universities, Enugu- Academic Publishing Company.\r\n[5]. Arinze, A. G. &amp; Ilomuanya, A. (2009). Impact of Cognitive Counselling Strategy on Young Graduates Employment Challenges: Implications for Youth Productive Employment. The Counsellor, 25 (1), 54-63.\r\n[6]. Chigbu, U. E. (2015). Repositioning culture for development: women and development in a Nigerian rural community. Community, Work &amp; Family, 18,http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\r\n[7]. Cully, J. A. &amp; Telen, A. L. (2008). A Therapist\u2019s Guide to Brief Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Houston: Department of Veteran Affairs.\r\n[8]. Egbochuku, E. O. (2008). Guidance and Counselling: A comprehensive Text. Benin: Uniben Press.\r\n[9]. Goldar, A. (2015). Understanding Community Development. Mumbai: Krishna Press\r\n[10]. Odhiambo, O. D. (2014). Influence of Guidance and Counselling on Academic Performance of Students in Selected Public Secondary Schools in Molo Sub Country, Nakuru Country Kenya. International Journal of Science and Research, 3 (12), 2131-2136\r\n[11]. Oladele, J. O. (2005). Guidance and Counselling &#8211; A Functional Approach, Focus on the 6-3-3-4 Eucational System. Lagos: John-lad Publishers.\r\n[12]. Pal, O. B. (2011).Guidance and Counselling. New Delhi: APH Publishing corporation.\r\n[13]. Ramakrishna, V. K. &amp;Jalajakumari, V. T. (2013).Significance of Imparting Guidance and Counselling for Adolescent Students.Asia Pacific Journal of Research, 2 (9), 102-112\r\n[14]. Salawu, A. A. &amp;Abdulkadir, O. R. (2011).Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Guidance and Conselling. Ilorin: Integrity Publication.\r\n[15]. Sambo, S. (2014).Understanding Guidance and Counselling.Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Nigeria.\r\n[16]. Tamabawal, M. U. (2011). Guidance and Counselling and the Challenges of Educational Reforms in Nigeria.Farufaru Journal of Multi-Displinary Studies, 2 (1) 56-63.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">ADEJARE, Toosin Adeyinka, AYELABOWO, Odunitan Abidemi, DALHATU, Hafsatu &#8220;Guidance and Counselling: A Remedy for Community Development&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.308-312 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/308-312.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/308-312.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/guidance-and-counselling-a-remedy-for-community-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Guidance and Counselling: A Remedy for Community Development<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0703a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d0703a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d07123 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d07123\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d0729c\" data-id=\"1d0729c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d073cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d073cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d07475 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d07475\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d07608\" data-id=\"1d07608\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0771d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d0771d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d077ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d077ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d082c6\" data-id=\"1d082c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0846c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d0846c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d0852c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d0852c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d086c4\" data-id=\"1d086c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d087e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d087e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Philosophical Perspective on Death<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Elvis Omondi Kauka &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 313-315<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d08891 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d08891\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d08a00\" data-id=\"1d08a00\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d08b34 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1d08b34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This essay examines death from a preliminary Philosophical perspective by scrutinising the positive side of death. It infers that death is a cosmologically, socioeconomically and morally useful phenomenon. It also adduces to the fact that the most logical step to take in life is to accept death and prepare for it, instead of wallowing in endless fear. It is further deduced that death may not be the end of life if at all it is the case that humans are Hylemorphic beings. The essay limits itself to analysis, and part descriptions and prescriptions. The fact that death is an unavoidable but feared Phenomenon, this essay anticipates to open and motivate crucial discussions on the existential assimilation and serene embrace of death.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 313-315\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elvis Omondi Kauka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. L.Mattei, L .(1994). Introduction to Philosophy. Nairobi: Consolata Institute of Philosophy.\r\n[2]. Plato. (1961). Apology. In Plato, E. Hamilton, &amp; H. Cairns (Eds.), The Collected Dialogues of Plato (L. Cooper, F. M. Cornford, W. K. Guthrie, R. Hackforth, M. Joyce, B. Jowett, et al., Trans., pp. 40-98). New York: Pantheon Books.\r\n[3]. Plato. (1961). Phaedo. In Plato, E. Hamilton, &amp; H. Cairns (Eds.), The Collected Dialogues of Plato (L. Cooper, F. M. Cornford, W. K. Guthrie, R. Hackforth, M. Joyce, B. Jowett, et al., Trans., pp. 40-98). New York: Pantheon Books.\r\n[4]. Wittgenstein, L. (1922). Tractatus Logico- Philosophicus. London: Paul Kegan.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Elvis Omondi Kauka &#8220;A Philosophical Perspective on Death&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.313-315 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/313-315.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/313-315.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-philosophical-perspective-on-death\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Philosophical Perspective on Death<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d1d265 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d1d265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d1d37b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d1d37b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d1d520\" data-id=\"1d1d520\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d1d65d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d1d65d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d1d705 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d1d705\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d1d870\" data-id=\"1d1d870\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d1d9c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d1d9c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d1da7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d1da7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d1dc44\" data-id=\"1d1dc44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d1dd7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d1dd7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Manifestation of Aggressive Behaviour Based on Gender in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Carolyne Otieno Wakoli &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 316-322<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d1de45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d1de45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d1dfb8\" data-id=\"1d1dfb8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d1e0e9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1d1e0e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3051\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3052\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3052\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3053\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3053\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3054\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3054\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3055\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3055\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3056\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3056\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3051\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Gender substitutes a structure of social practice that establishes relations of power, attitudes and hierarchies, not only among people, but also among groups and institutions, which would simply overcome the analysis or individual perception of being male or female. Studies done on adolescents indicate that there are gender differences in the manifestation of aggressive behaviour and these differences are more significant during adolescence than at any other stage in development. Further studies done indicate that boys are more likely to exhibit physically aggressive behaviours, while girls are more likely to exhibit relationally aggressive behaviours. Therefore, this study attempts to explain if there is a difference in manifestation of aggressive behavior based on gender in secondary schools in Bungoma County.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 316-322\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3052\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3052\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3052\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Carolyne Otieno Wakoli<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAlupe University College, School of Education and Social Sciences, P.o Box 845-50400, Busia, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3053\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3053\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3053\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aloka, P., &amp; Bujuwoye, O. (2013). Gender difference in decisions on student disciplinary panels of selected Kenya secondary schools. African journal online, 5252-5271.\r\n[2]. Bansel, P. (2010). Bullies, bullying and power in the context of schooling. Bri. J. Social education 2010:30; 59-69. Doc: 10. 1080\/01425690802514391.\r\n[3]. Brisbane, K. (2010). Teenage aggression and impulsivity in high school students. Health Journa, l Issue 2 .2011 Queenland wide Inc).\r\n[4]. Darmawan, P. (2011). Bullying in School: A Study of forms and motives of Aggression: Cases of two schools in the City of Palu, Indonesia. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.\r\n[5]. Kemunto, D. (2011). The Relationship Between Classroom Environment and Students\u2019 Aggressive Behavious in Keumbu, Kissi. Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, Kenyatta University, Kenya.\r\n[6]. Krejcie, R.V., &amp; Morgan, D. W. (1970) Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement.\r\n[7]. Makabila, J. S. (2010). Too much talk, but very little reaction. The Saturday standard Ltd.\r\n[8]. Muchiri, M. A. (2012). Relationship between perceived parental nurturance and problem behaviours among secondary school students in selected countries in Kenya. Unpublished PhD Thesis- Kenyatta University.\r\n[9]. Pereira, B., Goncalves, D., &amp; Silva, M.A.L. (2010). Involvement of Girls and Boys with Bullying: An Analysis of Gender Differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol (12), 6820- 6831.\r\n[10]. Walters, K. Cross, S., &amp; Show, P. (2010). Aggression, political violence and terrorism. Cartagena de India cohimbe, South America.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3054\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3054\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3054\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Carolyne Otieno Wakoli &#8220;Manifestation of Aggressive Behaviour Based on Gender in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.316-322 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/316-322.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3055\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3055\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3055\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/316-322.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3056\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3056\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3056\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/manifestation-of-aggressive-behaviour-based-on-gender-in-secondary-schools-in-bungoma-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Manifestation of Aggressive Behaviour Based on Gender in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d205f2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d205f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d206fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d206fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d208cf\" data-id=\"1d208cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d20a13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d20a13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d20aba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d20aba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d20c44\" data-id=\"1d20c44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d20d77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d20d77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d20e1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d20e1f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d20fb2\" data-id=\"1d20fb2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d21149 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d21149\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Implementation of Pretrial Object Extention on Suspect Determination After the Constitutional Court Ruling No.21\/PUU-XII\/2014 Viewed from the Perspectives of Justice and Legal Certainty<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Andhi Subangun, Prof. Dr. Supanto, S.H., M.Hum, Dr. Widodo Tresno Novianto, S.H., M.Hum &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 323-331<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d23d7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d23d7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d2459c\" data-id=\"1d2459c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d24754 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1d24754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3051\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3052\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3052\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3053\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3053\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3054\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3054\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3055\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3055\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3056\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3056\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3051\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the implementation of pretrial object extension on suspect determination after the Constitutional Court Ruling No. 21\/PUU-XII\/2014 viewed from the perspctives of justice and legal certainty through pretrial decision.\r\nThis study is a categorized as normative study which analyzes various kind of pretrial decisions after Constitutional Court (also known as MK) Ruling No 21\/PUU-XII\/2014, whether the implementation of pretrial decision making has considered the principal of justice and the legal certainty.\r\nThis current study used cases approach, in which it was done by specifically examining and analyzing the cases that have become pretrial decision.\r\nThe results of the study informed that the implementation of pretrial judge\u2019s decision after the emergence of Constitutional Court Ruling No.21\/PUU-XII\/2014, in the implementation of the pretrial judge\u2019s decision after the Constitutional Court RulingNo. 21\/PUU-XII\/2014, there weresome decisions referred to the Constitutional Court (MKNo. 21\/PUU-XII\/2014) and some were not. Pretrial decisions referred to the Constitutional Court Ruling tended to provide a sense of justice and legal certainty sincethe pretrial judges had examined evidence possessed by law enforcement officers before deciding someone as a suspect regardless whether the results were granted or rejected.Meanwhile, pretrial decisions that did not refer toMK No. 21\/PUU-XII\/2014 tended not to give a sense of justice and legal certainty because judges questioned the matters outside of the evidence possessed by investigators so that this can lead to misuse of authority by pretrial judges. In the implementation of pretrial decisions, one another is sometimes contradictory, so it created legal uncertainty.\r\nGiven the above conditions, pretrial judges should consequently implement the Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA)No. 2 Year 2016 to create the same procedure and fair decision in pretrial case handling.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 323-331\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3052\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3052\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3052\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Andhi Subangun<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSebelas Maret University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Dr. Supanto, S.H., M.Hum<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSebelas Maret University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Widodo Tresno Novianto, S.H., M.Hum<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSebelas Maret University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3053\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3053\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3053\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Book:\r\n[1]. Bernard L Tanya dkk.1993.Teori Hukum: Strategi Tertib Manusia Lintas Ruang dan Generasi,Genta Publising, Yogyakarta, 2013,\r\n[2]. Darwan Print. 1993.Praperadilan dan Perkembangannya didalam praktek, Ctk. 1,PT.Citra Aditya Bakti. Bandung.\r\n[3]. Theo Huijbers, 1982, Filsafat Hukum Dalam Lintasan Sejarah, Kanisius, Yogyakarta.\r\n[4]. Loeeby Loqman. (Tampa Tahun)Praperadilan di Indonesia, Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta.\r\n[5]. Leden Marpaung. 2009.Tindak Pidana Korupsi: Pemberantasan dan Pencegahan, jabatan, Jakarta.\r\n[6]. M.YahyaHarahap. (tampa tahun)Pembahasan Permasalahan dan Penerapan KUHAP Pemeriksaan Sidang Pengadilan, Banding, Kasasi, dan Peninjauan Kembali, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta,Edisi Kedua, Ctk. Ketiga Belas.\r\n[7]. Peter Mahmud Marzuki. 2008.Pengantar Ilmu Hukum,Kencana Prenada MediaGroup, Jakarta, 2008. hlm. 158.\r\n[8]. Ratna Nurul Alfiah. 1986. Praperadilan dan ruang lingkupnya, (Jakarta:CV.Akademia Presindo, Jakarta.\r\n[9]. Ramelan. 2006. Hukum Acara Pidana Teori dan Implementasinya,Sumber Ilmu Jaya, Jakarta.\r\n[10]. Sidharta. 2010. Reformasi Peradilan dan Tanggung Jawab Negara, Bunga Rampai Komisi Yudisial, Putusan Hakim: Antara Keadilan, Kepastian Hukum, dan Kemanfaatan,Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, 2010,\r\n[11]. _______. 2006. Moralitas Profesi Hukum Suatu Tawaran Kerangka Berfikir, PT Revika Aditama, Bandung.\r\n[12]. _______. 2007. Meuwissen Tentang Pengembanan Hukum, Ilmu Hukum, Teori Hukum danFilsafat Hukum, PT Refika Aditama, Bandung.\r\n[13]. Salim HS, Erlies Septiana Nurbani. (2016). Penerapan Teori Hukum pada Penelitian Tesis dan Disertasi . Jakarta: Ed. Kesatu. Cet. Keempat. Rajawali Pers.\r\n[14]. Theo Huijbers. 1982.Filsafat Hukum Dalam Lintasan Sejarah, Kanisius, Yogyakarta.\r\n[15]. Teguh Samudra Dkk. 2008. Analisis dan Evaluasi Hukum Penuntutan dan Pemeriksaan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Departemen Hukum dan Hak Azazi Manusia RI, Jakarta, 2008,\r\n[16]. Satjipto Rahardjo.2012. Ilmu Hukum, Editor Awaludin Marwan, PT Citra Aditya Bakti,Bandung.\r\n[17]. W. Friedman. 1994. Legal Theory, diterjemahkan oleh Muhammad Arifin dengan judul Teori danFilsafat Hukum-Idealisme Filosofis dan Problema Keadilan ( Susunan II ), Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta Ctk. Kedua.\r\n[18]. Wisnu Subroto dan G.Widiartana. 2005, Pembaharuan Hukum Acara Pidana, PT.Citra Adiyta Bakti. Bandung.\r\n[19]. Yovita A. Mangesti &amp; Bernard L. Tanya. 2014. Moralitas Hukum, Yogyakarta: GentaPublishing.\r\n[20]. Yoachim Agus Tridianto. 2015.Keadilan Restoraktif, Cahaya Atma Pustaka, Ctk.01, Yogyakarta.\r\nElectronic Sources :\r\n\r\n[21]. Ahmad Zaenal Fanani. 2011.Berpikir Falsafati Dalam Putusan Hakim, Artikel ini pernah dimuatdi Varia Peradilan No. 304 Maret 2011,\r\n[22]. www.MahkamahKonstitusi.go.id diakses pada tanggal 1 September 2017\r\n[23]. Kasus Bethany. Perkara Menarik Perhatian Publik Kok Dihentikan, http:\/\/www.surabayapagi.com\/index.php.Diakses 11 Mei 2017 Jam. 10.00 WIB.\r\n[24]. Tujuan Hukum. http:\/\/statushukum.com\/tujuan-hukum.html.Diakses 11 Mei 2017 Jam. 10.10 WIB.\r\n[25]. LBH Perjuangan, Penegakan Hukum Yang Menjamin Keadilan, Kepastian Hukum DanKemanfaatan (Studi Kasus : Kasus Mbah Minah).http:\/\/lbhperjuangan.blogspot.com\/2010\/10\/penegakan-hukum-yang-menjamin-keadilan.html.Diakses 12 Mei 2017 Jam. 10.00 WIB.\r\n[26]. Muhammad Ichwan, Teori Hukum Dalam pandangan Prof Dr I Nyoman Nurjaya, SH,MS.http:\/\/www.mahasiswa-indonesia.com\/2013\/11\/teori-hukum-dalam-pandangan-prof-dr-i.html. Diakses 14 Mei 2017 Jam. 03.00 WIT.\r\n[27]. Yance Arizona, Apa Itu Kepastian Hukum?http:\/\/yancearizona.net\/2008\/04\/13\/apa-itu-kepastian-hukum\/. Diakses 15 Mei 2017 Jam. 09.00 WIB.\r\n[28]. Memahami Kepastian(Dalam) Hukum, https:\/\/ngobrolinhukum.wordpress.com\/2013\/02\/05\/memahamikepastian-dalam-hukum\/.Diakses 15 Mei 2017 Jam. 12.00 WIB.\r\n\r\nJurnal dan Makalah:\r\n\r\n[29]. Moh. Mahfud MD, Penegakan Hukum DanTata Kelola Pemerintahan Yang Baik, Bahan\r\n[30]. pada Acara Seminar Nasional \u201cSaatnya Hati Nurani Bicara\u201d yang diselenggarakan oleh DPP PartaiHANURA. Mahkamah Konstitusi Jakarta, 8 Januari 2009\r\n[31]. Moh. Mahfud MD, Penegakan Hukum DanTata Kelola Pemerintahan Yang Baik, Bahan\r\n[32]. pada Acara Seminar Nasional \u201cSaatnya Hati Nurani Bicara\u201d yang diselenggarakan oleh DPP PartaiHANURA. Mahkamah Konstitusi Jakarta, 8 Januari 2009.\r\n[33]. Nur Agus Susanto, Dimensi Aksiologis Dari Putusan Kasus \u201cST\u201d Kajian Putusan Peninjauan Kembali Nomor 97 PK\/Pid.Sus\/2012, Jurnal Yudisial Vol. 7 No. 3 Desember 2014.\r\n[34]. Soetandyo Wignjosoebroto, Terwujudnya Peradilan Yang IndependenDengan HakimProfesional Yang Tidak Memihak, Sebuah risalah ringkas,dimaksudkan untruk rujukan ceramahdan diskusitentang\u201cKriteria dan Pengertian Hakim Dalam Perspektif Filosofis, Sosiologis danYuridis\u201dyang diselenggarakan dalam rangka Seminar Nasional bertema \u201cProblem PengawasanPenegakan Hukum di Indonesia\u201ddiselenggarakan olehKomisi Yudisial dan PBNU-LPBHNUdiJakarta 8 September 2006.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3054\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3054\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3054\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Andhi Subangun, Prof. Dr. Supanto, S.H., M.Hum, Dr. Widodo Tresno Novianto, S.H., M.Hum &#8220;The Implementation of Pretrial Object Extention on Suspect Determination After the Constitutional Court Ruling No.21\/PUU-XII\/2014 Viewed from the Perspectives of Justice and Legal Certainty&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.323-331 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/323-331.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3055\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3055\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3055\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/323-331.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3056\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3056\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3056\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-implementation-of-pretrial-object-extention-on-suspect-determination-after-the-constitutional-court-ruling-no-21-puu-xii-2014-viewed-from-the-perspectives-of-justice-and-legal-certainty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Implementation of Pretrial Object Extention on Suspect Determination After the Constitutional Court Ruling No.21\/PUU-XII\/2014 Viewed from the Perspectives of Justice and Legal Certainty<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2571d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d2571d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d25814 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d25814\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d259a7\" data-id=\"1d259a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d25ad6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d25ad6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d25b84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d25b84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d25d6b\" data-id=\"1d25d6b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d25f68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d25f68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d26087 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d26087\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d27e6d\" data-id=\"1d27e6d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2a2e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d2a2e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Psychological Effects of Soot Pollution on Academic Functional Capacity<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Larry O. Awo, Enebi Y. Atanu, Anyahie A. Azunwo, and George Duru &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 332-336<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d2a3d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d2a3d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d2a594\" data-id=\"1d2a594\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2a6dd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1d2a6dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3051\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3052\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3052\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3053\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3053\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3054\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3054\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3055\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3055\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3056\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3056\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3051\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Empirical evidences on the psychological effects of sooth pollution due to gas flaring activities in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria is hugely unknown. We examined the effects of exposure to soot pollution on academic functional capacity of staff and students of a Federal Polytechnic in Bonny Island, Rivers state, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty five (165) male and female participants aged 18-44 years (M= 29.36; SD = 8.14) took part in the study. Exposure to sooth pollution and academic functional capacity depletion were measured by means of questionnaires. Regression analysis results revealed that exposure to soot predicted academic functional capacity depletion, gender was also a predictor of academic functional capacity depletion, and academic functional capacity depletion was more among staff than students. Consistent exposure to soot disrupts teaching and learning activities in the Polytechnic. A call, is therefore made, for the minimization of gas flaring activities and soot pollution in academic towns in order to ensure a conducive environment for teaching and learning activities by staff and students.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 332-336\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3052\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3052\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3052\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Larry O. Awo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGeneral Studies School, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Enebi Y. Atanu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Statistics, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anyahie A. Azunwo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Petroleum Marketing and Business Studies, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>George Duru<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Pension Services, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3053\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3053\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3053\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abali, H. W., M.,Etebu, O. M., &amp;, Leton, T. G. (2018). Seasonal particulate pollution in Port Harcourt Nigeria. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health,6(1), 20-25.\r\n[2]. 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Emotion and perceived risks of terrorism: A nationalfield experiment. Psychological Science, 14, 144-150.\r\n[17]. Luginaah, I. N., Taylor, S. M., &amp; Elliott, S. J. (2002). Community reappraisal of the perceived health effects of a petroleum refinery. Social Science Medicine, 55, 47-61.\r\n[18]. Meyer, T.J., Miller, M.L., Metzger, R.L., &amp;Borkovec, T.D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State WorryQuestionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487-495.\r\n[19]. Nordin, S.,Liden, E., &amp; Gidl\u00f6f-Gunnarsson, A. (2009). Cognition and neurosciences development and evaluation of acategory ratio scale with semantic descriptors: The Environmental Annoyance Scale. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50, 3-10.\r\n[20]. Nriagu, J.O., Martin, J., Smith, P., &amp; Socier, D. (2012). Residential hazards, high asthma prevalence and multi-morbidityamong children in Saginaw, Michigan. Science and Total Environment, 416, 53-61.\r\n[21]. Nriagu, J., Udofia, E. 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Measurement, survey and assessment of air quality in Port Harcourt, South-South, Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Research in Physical Science, 2(7), 19 -25.\r\n[26]. Ordinioha, B.,&amp; Brisibe, S. (2013). The human health implications of crude oil spills in the Niger delta, Nigeria:An interpretation of published studies. Nigerian Medical Journal, 54, 10-16.\r\n[27]. Ovadia, J.S. (2013). The Nigerian one percent and the management of national oil wealth through Nigeriancontent. Scientific Society, 77, 315-341.\r\n[28]. Seock, Y. K., &amp; Bailey, L. R. (2008). The influence of college students\u2019 shopping orientations and gender differences on online information searches and purchase behavior. International Journal of Consumer Studies,32, 113-121.\r\n[29]. Signorino, G. (2012). Proximity and risk perception. Comparing risk perception profiles in two petrochemical areas of Sicily (Augusta and Milazzo). Journal of Risk Research, 15, 1223-1243.\r\n[30]. Vie, T. L., Hufthammer, K. O., Holmen, T. L., Meland, E., &amp; Breidablik, H. J. (2014). Is self-rated health a stable and predictive factor for allostatic load in early adulthood? Findings from the Nord Trondelag Health Study (HUNT). Social Science Medicine, 117, 1-9.\r\n[31]. Wahid, H. (2013). Neural network-based meta-modelling approach for estimation of air pollutant profiles. A dissertation work for PhD submitted to Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.\r\n[32]. Weiner, M.D., MacKinnon, T.D.,&amp; Greenberg, M.R. (2013). Exploring the gender gap and the impact of residentiallocation on environmental risk tolerance. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36, 190-201.\r\n[33]. Wing, D. A., Benner, R. S., Petersen, R., Newcomb, R., &amp; Scott, J. R. (2010). Differences in editorial board reviewer behaviour based on gender. Journal of Women Health,19, 19-1923.\r\n[34]. Xu, P., Broster, L. S., Gu, R. Wu, R., van Dam, N. T., Jiang, Y., Fan, J., &amp;Luo, Y. J. (2013). Neural basis of emotional decision making in trait anxiety. Journal of Neuroscience,33, 18641-18653.\r\n[35]. Yakubu, O. H. (2018). Particle (soot) pollution in Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria-double air pollution burden? Understanding and tackling potential environmental public health impacts. Environments, 5, 1-22. doi:10.3390\/environments5010002\r\n[36]. Zagha, O., &amp; Nwaogazie, I.L. (2015). Roadside air pollution assessment in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Standard Scientific Research and Essays. 3(3), 66-74.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3054\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3054\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3054\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Larry O. Awo, Enebi Y. Atanu, Anyahie A. Azunwo, and George Duru &#8220;Psychological Effects of Soot Pollution on Academic Functional Capacity&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.332-336 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/332-336.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3055\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3055\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3055\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/332-336.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3056\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3056\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3056\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/psychological-effects-of-soot-pollution-on-academic-functional-capacity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Psychological Effects of Soot Pollution on Academic Functional Capacity<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2e78f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d2e78f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d2ee6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d2ee6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d2f029\" data-id=\"1d2f029\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2f158 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d2f158\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d2f20a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d2f20a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d2f36c\" data-id=\"1d2f36c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2f482 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d2f482\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d2f522 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d2f522\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d33389\" data-id=\"1d33389\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d33517 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d33517\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Relationship between School Environment and Students\u2019 Aggressive Behaviour in Bungoma County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Carolyne Otieno Wakoli &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 337-344<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d335e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d335e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d33766\" data-id=\"1d33766\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d338a6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1d338a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Adolescents spend much of their lives in activities associated with their school and the school\u2019s social, psychological and learning climate all have a strong impact on the emotional and social development of young people. School climate refers to the atmosphere or ethos of a school, and the nature and quality of the interpersonal relationships and communication patterns within the school. It follows that the culture of a school clearly plays a role in shaping students\u2019 experience, and research has emphasized the importance of developing a positive school climate in order to reduce school violence. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the school environment and the students\u2019 aggressive behaviour in Bungoma County in Kenya.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 337-344\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Carolyne Otieno Wakoli<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAlupe University College, School of Education and Social Sciences, P.O Box 845-50400, Busia, Kenya.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Brendgen, M. (2010). Verbal Abuse by the teachers during clinical and academic, behavioural and emotional adjustment in young adulthood. Journal of educational psychology, 99 (1), 26-38. Washington Dc: American psychological Association.\r\n[2]. Burton, P. (2010). Dealing with school violence in South Africa. Centre of justice and crime,.\r\n[3]. Dunne. M. (2010). Bulling in school attendance. A case study of senior high school in Ghana. consolidation for research on educational access, transition and equity- University of Sussex.\r\n[4]. Kamunde, F. (2010). The Role of the Head teacher in the Implementation of Free Primary Education in Kenya. International Journal of Educational Development, Vol.30 (4) p.646.\r\n[5]. Kiprop, C. (2012). Approaches to management of discipline in secondary schools in Kenya. International journal of research in management, issue 2, vol.2.48-79\r\n[6]. Kirui, R. (2011). Challenge facing head teachers in security management in public secondary schools in Kisii county in Kenya. International Journal of humanities and social science. Vol.1(15),104-112.\r\n[7]. Kium, J. (2010). Relationship between principal\u2019s management approaches and student discipline in public secondary schools in Nyandarua and Laikipia districts, Kenya. Global Journal of educational research, vol.8 (1), pg.29-38.\r\n[8]. Krejcie, R.V., &amp; Morgan, D. W. (1970) Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement.\r\n[9]. Landau, E. (2012). Teenage Violence. New Jersey: Engelmann Cliffs- Julia Messer Publishers.\r\n[10]. Mabeya, T. (2010). Role of church sponsor in management of secondary schools; Impacts and concerns in Kenya. Journal of educational administration and policy studies, vol 2(2), pp.03-0\r\n[11]. Makabila, J. S. (2010). Too much talk, but very little reaction. The Saturday standard Ltd.\r\n[12]. Nak &amp; Pocha, E. (2010). Teachers\u2019 disciplinary approaches to students\u2019 discipline problems in Nigeria secondary schools. International NGO journal, vol.5 (6) ,pp. 144-151.\r\n[13]. Okorodudu, G.N. (2010). Influence of parenting styles on adolescent\u2019s delinquency in Delta central senatriate District. Edo journal of counselling, vol. 3 No 1,111-121.\r\n[14]. Oyaro, K. (2010, Nov 02). \u2018Discipline: Where to Draw a Line.\u2019 Daily Nation p.9. Nation Media Goup.\r\n[15]. Rowntree, D. (2011). A Dictionary of Education. London: Harper and Row.\r\n[16]. Sailor, G (2010). Preventing Antisocial Behaviour in the schools. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 28, 467- 478.\r\n[17]. Sugut, W. &amp; Mugasia, F. (2014).School factors Associated with student violence in secondary schools in Nandi south district, Kenya. International Journal of humanities and social science vol.4 No.1, 212-221.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Carolyne Otieno Wakoli &#8220;Relationship between School Environment and Students\u2019 Aggressive Behaviour in Bungoma County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.337-344 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/337-344.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/337-344.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/relationship-between-school-environment-and-students-aggressive-behaviour-in-bungoma-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Relationship between School Environment and Students\u2019 Aggressive Behaviour in Bungoma County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d37905 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d37905\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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Salman Sohel, Gazi Abu Horaira, Md. Shahidul Islam &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 345-349<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d38749 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d38749\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d388c0\" data-id=\"1d388c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d38a16 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1d38a16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The water has been depicted \u201cthe next oil\u201d for its strategic natural resources availability, reserves oil, and natural Gas. So it has strong influenced on geo-strategies, international politics and global securities. Many scholars articulated, in coming decades, the South China Sea will be central point of conflict in Asia .The U shaped South China Sea among the most critical water political flash zone where several nuclear states compete to hegemony. The South China Sea (SCS) often called second Middle East for its deflagration and disagreement with stakeholder and non-stakeholder states. The power struggle and The American dominance in Southeast Asia in the name of some approaches (Freedom of navigation, pivot to Asia policy and Asia Reassurance Initiative Act into Law) make the situation more challenges and encourage the skirmishes. There are consequently deep-rooted miss-understanding and historical hostility in this region among China and other nations. This paper purposes to deep understand about geo- political phenomenon of South China Sea. This attempts to reveal the interferences of U.S and her allies that\u2019s fuel acute tension in East Asian region. This study also examines how the South China Sea territorial disputes colored into concern matter of international politics .<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 345-349\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Salman Sohel <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, Jagannath University (JnU), Dhaka, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gazi Abu Horaira <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMBA in Project in Management, Faculty of Business Management &amp; Globalization, LIMKOKWING University of Creative and Technology (LUCT), Malaysia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Shahidul Islam<\/strong><\/span>\r\nField Research Officer, Social Sector Management Foundation (SSMF), Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Kent Butts, \u201cThe Strategic Importance of Water\u201d, Parameters: US Army War College Quarterly (1997), pp. 65-83.\r\n[2]. Jean Gottmann, 1951 \u201cGeography and International Relations\u201d, World Politics 2(2) (1951), pp. 153-73.\r\n[3]. Bryan Lufkin \u2013\u201cWhy \u2018hydro-politics\u2019 will shape the 21st Century\u201d , B.B.C News online , 16 June 2017\r\n[4]. Jeffrey Bader, Kenneth Lieberthal, and Michael McDevitt, \u201c Keeping the South China Sea in Perspective\u201d THE FOREIGN POLICY BRIEF BROOKINGS, August 2004.\r\n[5]. Tom Phillips, Oliver Holmes &amp; Owen Bowcott, Beijing rejects tribunal&#8217;s ruling in South China Sea case, The Guardian, 12th July, 2016.\r\n[6]. China power project, https:\/\/chinapower.csis.org\/much-trade-transits-south-china-sea\r\n[7]. Mohd Aminul Karim (2018) Geopolitics of the South China Sea in the Coming Decades Asian Political, Economic and Social Issues\r\n[8]. Robert D. Kaplan \u201cThe South China Sea will be the battleground of the future\u201d Online news, Bussines Insider. 6 February, 2016\r\n[9]. Sacha A. Amry \u201cAn Analysis of the South China Sea Dispute: Focusing on the Assessment of the Impact of Possible Solutions on the Economies of the Region\u201d City University of New York (CUNY), City College New York , Master\u2019s thesis,\u201d December 20\r\n[10]. Raul (Pete) Pedrozo (19 August 2014). &#8220;China versus Vietnam: An Analysis of the Competing Claims in the South China Sea&#8221;\r\n[11]. Martin Riegl, Jakub Landovsk\u00fd, Irina Valko, eds. (26 November 2014). Strategic Regions in 21st Century Power Politics Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 66\u201368. ISBN 9781443871341\r\n[12]. Jamandre, Tessa (14 April 2011). &#8220;PH protests China&#8217;s &#8216;9-dash line&#8217; Spratlys claim&#8221; Malaya. Archived from the original on 19 April 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2011\r\n[13]. Marcus, Jonathan (29 May 2015). &#8220;US-China tensions rise over Beijing&#8217;s &#8216;Great Wall of Sand\u201d BBC. Retrieved 29 May 2015.\r\n[14]. Euan Graham. &#8220;China&#8217;s New Map: Just Another Dash?&#8221; . RUSI. Archived from the original son 29 September 2013\r\n[15]. Francis P Sempa , 4 july , 2018 , \u201cThe South China Sea Disputes: Historical, Geopolitical and Legal Studies\u201d Asian Book Review.\r\n[16]. Mingjiang Li. 12 March ,2012 \u201cThe South China Sea Dispute: Cooperation or Conflict ?\r\n[17]. Joshua Kurlatzick , \u201cGrowing U.S. Role in South China Sea, Council on Foreign Relations , 7 October , 2011\r\n[18]. Leszek Buszynsk, Australian National University, Why is the South China Sea so important to the US? Huff Post, 18 Janaury 2017\r\n[19]. Reuters , Chinese tabloid says U.S. needs to &#8216;wage war&#8217; to block off South China Sea islands, ONLINE , C, JANUARY 13, 2017\r\n[20]. Beian XU, May 14, 2014,USC US-CHINA Institute , Council On Foreign Relations, &#8220;CFR Backgrounders: South China Sea Tensions,&#8221;\r\n[21]. Martin D Mitchell, 2016,The South China Sea: A Geopolitical Analysis, Journal of Geography and Geology; Vol. 8, No. 3; 2016 ISSN 1916-9779 E-ISSN 1916-9787,Published by Canadian Centre of Science and Education\r\n[22]. DAVID BRUNNSTROM AND MATT SPETALNICK \/ REUTERS January 24, 2017, U.S. Vows to Stop Beijing Taking Over South China Sea Islands.Top of Form Bottom\r\n[23]. Indrani Bagchi (2016): \u201cIndia and the South China Sea dispute\u201d, Times of India, 3rd May, 2016.: \u201cIndia should not get &#8216;entangled&#8217; in South China Sea dispute:\r\n[24]. Byron Chong 21 February, 2018, \u201cINDIA AND THE SOUTH CHINA SEA\u201d Centre For International Maritime security\r\n[25]. Panos Mourdoukoutas , 9 November, 2016, Forbes magazine, online,, \u201cWill India Spoil China&#8217;s South China Sea Ambitions\r\n[26]. The Gurdian, 3 October, 2018 , online, \u201cAustralia concerned over China&#8217;s &#8216;aggressive tactics&#8217; in South China Sea\u201d\r\n[27]. SBS News , online, 1 October 2018 \u201cAustralian military in South China Sea\u201d SBS News, 1 October 2018 https:\/\/www.sbs.com.au\/news\/australian-military-in-south-china-sea\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Md. Salman Sohel, Gazi Abu Horaira, Md. Shahidul Islam &#8220;Geo- Politics in South China Sea: A Historical Perspective&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.345-349 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/345-349.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/345-349.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/geo-politics-in-south-china-sea-a-historical-perspective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Geo- Politics in South China Sea: A Historical Perspective<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d4bbb5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d4bbb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d4be42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d4be42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d4c128\" data-id=\"1d4c128\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d4c34d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d4c34d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d4c4b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d4c4b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d4c63f\" data-id=\"1d4c63f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d4c761 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d4c761\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d4c805 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d4c805\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d4c964\" data-id=\"1d4c964\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d4caa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d4caa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d4cb4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d4cb4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d4ccca\" data-id=\"1d4ccca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d4cdff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d4cdff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Place of History in Health Care Service Delivery: How Useful to Nigeria\u2019s Health Care System<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Labbo Abdullahi &#8211; January 2019 Page No.: 350-354<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d4cebd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d4cebd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d4d03f\" data-id=\"1d4d03f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d4d175 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1d4d175\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3071\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3072\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3073\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3074\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3075\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3076\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3071\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3071\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">History is a collection of records of the past happenings and experiences. Historians ask when, where and what happened in the past and historical records answer such questions satisfactorily. A number of epidemic and endemic diseases as well as illnesses and treatments occurred in the past upon which records are kept in various medical institutions and centres for historical researches. Health care practitioners ask such questions as when, where and how a disease or illness started and what type of treatments have been given over time. Historical records and oral interactions with patients answer such questions and throw light for further health care services. History also, reviews key issues in health care developments, provide insights into the challenges confronting health care delivery, bring out past mistakes including medical errors and make a compelling case for change. This article adopted qualitative approach and analyzed the extent to which history plays vital roles in health care service delivery. It is discovered that historical records are essential assets in ensuring that health care institutions and services are run effectively and efficiently. The records support not only clinical decision-making, but also health care policy-making in general and provide the reasons for the failures and successes of the past policies and services. Finally, the article shows how useful can the use of history be, in Nigeria\u2019s health care system.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 350-354\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 February 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3072\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3072\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Labbo Abdullahi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPh.D, Department of History, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3073\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3073\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n.[1]. Alhasan Dangamuzza (21\/11\/12); a former No.3 Medical Field Unit Officer, Oral Interview at his Residence\r\n\r\n[2]. Amzat J. and Razum O. (2014). \u201cMedical Pluralism: Traditional and Modern Health Care\u201d Medical Sociology in Africa, Springer International Publishing Switzerland\r\n\r\n[3]. Bivins R. (2007). \u201cGlobal Health in Historical Perspective: The Uses of History\u201d. A Paper prepared as part of an education project of the Global Health Education Consortium at Cardiff University\r\n\r\n[4]. Brandt A.M. (1991). \u201cEmerging Themes in the History of Medicine\u201d, Milbank Quarterly, Vol. 62, No. 2\r\n\r\n[5]. Burnham J.C. (2005). What is Medical History? Polity Press, Cambridge\r\n\r\n[6]. Clark G.K. (1967). The Critical Historian, Heinemann, London\r\n\r\n[7]. Cornelius C.A. \u201cPopulation Growth and the Dilemma of Rural Life and Economy in Nigeria\u201d undated paper available www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ujah\/&#8230;\/54021, retrieved on 21\/02\/2016\r\n\r\n[8]. Tanimun Salisu (MBBS) (15\/02\/2016), Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Oral Interview in his office\r\n\r\n[9]. Health Reform Foundation of Nigeria (HERFON) (2007), \u201cNigeria Health Review\u201d, Primary Health care in Nigeria 30 Years after Alma Ata\r\n\r\n[10]. Kamorudeen A. (2013). \u201cSins of Omission: An Invitation to Research on Medical Errors in Developing Countries\u201d, Kaduna Journal of Sociology (KJS), Vol.1, No.1\r\n\r\n[11]. Karen R. (2013). Address at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Friday, 15, in Boston\r\n\r\n[12]. Mwabu G. (1998). \u201cHealth Development in Africa\u201d, Economic Research Papers Series (38)\r\n\r\n[13]. Onokerhoraye A.E. (1978), \u201cPlanning for Rural Development in Nigeria: A Spatial Approach\u201d Community Development Journal, Vol. 13 No.1\r\n\r\n[14]. Polgreen L. (2009). \u201c84 Children are Killed by Medicine in Nigeria\u201d, the New York available at www.nytimes.com\/2009\/02\/07\/world\/Africa\/07nigeria.hyml&gt;\r\n\r\n[15]. Rosenberg C. (2007). \u201cErwin H. Ackerknecht, Social Medicine and the History of Medicine\u201d, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 18\r\n\r\n[16]. Schram R. (1971). A History of the Nigerian Health Services, Ibadan University Press\r\n\r\n[17]. Shaw T. (1969). Lectures on Nigerian Prehistory and Archaeology, Ibadan University Press\r\n\r\n[18]. Sigerist H.E. (1946). Address to Johns Hopkins Medical Club\r\n\r\n[19]. Singer B.H. and Ryff C.D. (2001). \u201cNew Horizons in Health: An Integrative Approach\u201d A Project Prepared by Committee on Future Directions for Behavioural and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health available at www.napedu\/catalog\/10002html\r\n\r\n[20]. Skelton J. (2008). Role Play and Clinical Communications: Learning the Game, Padcliffe Publishing\r\n\r\n[21]. Wear A. (1992). Medicine in Society: Historical Essays, Cambridge University Press\r\n\r\n[22]. Wilson E.O. (1998). Consilience: the Unity of Knowledge, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf)\r\n\r\n[23]. WJHCB\/NA\/MH\/012\/VOL.II\/SOKPROF\/Smallpox Control and Treatment Policy and Instruction, 1961-1967\r\n\r\n[24]. WJHCB\/SOKPROF\/BCD\/10\/Gusau Hospital Extension 1955-1959\r\n\r\n[25]. World Bank Estimates Base on United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects, Catalog Sources, available at www.data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/sp.rur.totl.2s?page=2\r\n\r\n[26]. World Health Organization (WHO) (1946). Preamble to the Constitution as Adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22, June\r\n\r\n[27]. World Health Organization (WHO) (1998) Regional Office for Europe, WA Glossary of Technical Terms on the Economics and Finance of Health Services available at http:\/\/www.euro.who.intl.\r\n\r\n[28]. Yandaki A.I. (2015). The State in Africa: A Critical Study in Historiography and Political Philosophy, Gaskiya Corporation Limited. Zaria: Nigeria\r\n\r\n[29]. Titus L.P. (Livy) (2002), The Early History of Rome, Penguin Classics\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3074\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3074\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Labbo Abdullahi &#8220;The Place of History in Health Care Service Delivery: How Useful to Nigeria\u2019s Health Care System&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 1, pp.350-354 January 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/350-354.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3075\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3075\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-1\/350-354.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3076\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3076\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-place-of-history-in-health-care-service-delivery-how-useful-to-nigerias-health-care-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Place of History in Health Care Service Delivery: How Useful to Nigeria\u2019s Health Care System<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d59020 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d59020\" 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d5934e\" data-id=\"1d5934e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d59483 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d59483\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d59537 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d59537\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d596af\" data-id=\"1d596af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d597d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d597d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Negligence of Primary School Education among the Orang Asli\u2019s Students of Hulu Terengganu Nik Nur Azizah N.H., [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1439,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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