{"id":2361,"date":"2019-08-12T04:39:16","date_gmt":"2019-08-12T04:39:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/?page_id=2361"},"modified":"2020-01-03T10:34:54","modified_gmt":"2020-01-03T10:34:54","slug":"volume-iii-issue-viii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/digital-library\/volume-iii-issue-viii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume III Issue VIII"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2361\" class=\"elementor elementor-2361 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b023ab8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b023ab8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b023fb2\" data-id=\"b023fb2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0242aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0242aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Legal and Illegal Earning in Islam: A Literature Review<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Aminu Yakubu, Haruna Yawale, Yakubu Isa Abdulbari, Muhammad Salihu Abubakar &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 01-04<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b024802 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b024802\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0390c2\" data-id=\"b0390c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b039421 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b039421\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1841\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1842\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1843\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1844\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1845\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1846\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1841\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Wealth is one of the immeasurable blessings of Allah (SWT) that He bestowed human being with. There are various provisions for achieving the wealth. In human life earning plays an important role in making life meaningful. Theaim of this paper is to discuss on how Islam encourages and prescribe Muslim legal earning and forbid Muslim illegal earning. Based on the literature findings this paper intends to see the Islamic rulings pertaining legal and illegal income earning. It is very common now to see a Muslim who are able to differentiate between legal and illegal earning. However, it is a shocking phenomenon and a sad fact that a large number of Muslims now do not differentiate between the legal and illegal earnings. Some people are involved in earning money and seeking employments in undesirable occupations (Khan &amp; Halal, 2010).This paper used a basic qualitative research design. All data are analyzed by using secondary data especially from the Qur`an as well as Hadith and related literature. The findings of this paper show that there is a prohibition of illegal earning in Islam as well as the encouragement of Islam to legal earning and a punishment for a person who engage himself on illegal earning.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-04\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1842\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aminu Yakubu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCentre for Islamic Management Development (ISDEV), University Sains Malaysia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Haruna Yawale<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, College for Legal Studies, Yola, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yakubu Isa Abdulbari<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Arabic language Education, College of Continuing Education, Adamawa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Salihu Abubakar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies Education, College of Continuing Education, Adamawa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1843\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].Al-Qaradawi, Y. (1985). The Lawful and Prohibited in Isl\u00e2m.\r\n[2]. Albaihaqi, A. A. bn H. bn ali. (1995). shu`abul Iman. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.alsunnah.com\r\n[3]. Alkhatib, Albagdadi, A. bin aliy. (2001). taba00.pdf. Darul garb islami. Retrieved from Muarrikh Hazrat Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi [Abubakr-Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Sabit ibn Ahmad ibn Mahdi al-Shafi\u2019i] (rehmatullah.alayh)\r\n[4]. Alminawiy. (1994). Fyb alqadir shrh jami assagir. Bairut: Dar Alkitab. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.mawsoah.net\r\n[5]. Attimidhi, abu isa M. bn. (n.d.). Tirmidhi,Sunan. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.mawsoah.net\r\n[6]. Bin Hambal, A. A. (1994). Almusnad. Bairut: Mauqi Alislam. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.al-islam.com\r\n[7]. Jalaludeen, S. and J. A. (2007). Tafsir Aljalalayn. (G. bn M. bn Talal, Ed.). Aman, Jordan.\r\n[8]. Jallad, n. Al. (2008). The concepts of al-halal and al-haram in the Arab-Muslim culture: a translational and lexicographical study. Language Design.\r\n[9]. Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir Ibn Kathir. (M. S. Sami, Ed.) (second). Retrieved from www.qurancomplex.com\r\n[10]. Khan, M. S., &amp; Halal, E. (2010). Earning halal in islam, 1\u201315. Retrieved from http:\/\/pragmaticwealth.net\/KnowledgeCentre\/PDF\/Earning Halal in Islam.pdf\r\n[11]. Muhammad bn Jarir bn yazid bn kathir bn galib amali, abu jafar attabari. (2000). Jami`ul bayan fi tawilil Qur`an. (A. M. Shakir, Ed.) (first). Mu`assasatu arrsala.\r\n[12]. Neal. (2016). What does Haraam mean? Arabic Online. Retrieved from ttps:\/\/arabiconline.eu\/what-does-haraam-mean\/\r\n[13]. Science, H. (2017). Course Title\u202f: Ethics &amp; Fiqh for Everyday Life Title\u202f: Ethics of Halal Earning In Islam, (1525621).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1844\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1844\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aminu Yakubu, Haruna Yawale, Yakubu Isa Abdulbari, Muhammad Salihu Abubakar &#8220;Legal and Illegal Earning in Islam: A Literature Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.01-04 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/01-04.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1845\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1845\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/01-04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1846\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1846\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/legal-and-illegal-earning-in-islam-a-literature-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Legal and Illegal Earning in Islam: A Literature Review<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b03b0b3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b03b0b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b03b271 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b03b271\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b03b532\" data-id=\"b03b532\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b03b745 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b03b745\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b03b86f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b03b86f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b046e80\" data-id=\"b046e80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0470d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0470d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b04720f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b04720f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0474d6\" data-id=\"b0474d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0476df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0476df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> From Globalization to Glocalization: Reaping the Positive Sides of Human Resource Flight for Economic Development in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Onwunyi, Ugochukwu Mmaduabuchi, Ezeabasili, Ifeoma Ethel, Ostar, Christopher &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 05-11<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b04780b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b04780b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b047aae\" data-id=\"b047aae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b047d0b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b047d0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1841\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1842\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1843\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1844\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1845\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1846\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1841\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Globalisation has not only left the people of the less developing countries and indeed Africa behind in its ever-evolving technology but has also invaded their cultures and dampened their morale and aspirations for sustainable development. It is factual that Africans must continue to live and survive in a globalised world characterised by uneven and unsustainable wealth creation, there is a need for them to adopt glocalisation policies in various aspects of their economies by adapting or customising global ideas to the local needs of the people. Nigeria is one of the developing countries where globalisation has resulted in uneven wealth generation, unsustainable development and multifarious social and economic dislocations. Globalization through human capital flight has instigated the migration human resources that would have served the interest of enthroning development in Nigeria. The paper argues that globalization which necessitated human capital flight can be glocalized through ensuring that most of the migrated professionals are afforded the ample opportunity to transfer the knowledge gained as a result of the migration to local professionals or students. The study equally argues that, Nigeria in the quest for an improved economic development can as well embark on trading of local professionals to countries in need of them, hence encouraging capital repatriation. The study is qualitative in nature as data was collected from the secondary source which includes, textbooks, journals, academic periodicals, newspapers, magazine and internet sources, while the neo-classical school, which introduced a degree of refinement to classical economic theory was adopted as the analytic tool. The paper revealed that, glocalisation policies can help in the maximaization of human capital flight for enhanced economic development by reducing the scourge of globalisation in the Nigeria. The study recommends that, Nigeria should ensure that capital repatriated is properly channeled to infrastructural development; encouragement of citizens migration to developed countries as a means of empowering the people for greater knowledge acquisition; Nigeria should endeavor to properly train her human resources to make the available for the market.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 05-11\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1842\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onwunyi, Ugochukwu Mmaduabuchi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ezeabasili, Ifeoma Ethel <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ostar, Christopher <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1843\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aaron, K. K. (2010), &#8220;Playing without the kits: Towards a beneficial participation of Nigeria in a globalised world,&#8221; Annals of the Social Science Academy of Nigeria, 13. January \u2013 December, pp. 19-35.\r\n[2]. Asobie, H. A. (2001), &#8220;Globalization: A view from the South&#8221;, Annals of the Social Science Academy of Nigeria, 13. January \u2013 December, pp. 19-35.\r\n[3]. Boyer, R. and Drache, D. (1996), States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalization. London: Routledge.\r\n[4]. Giddens, A. (2000), Runaway World. New York: Routledge.\r\n[5]. Khoudker, H. H. (2004), Glocalization as Globalization&#8221; Evolution of a sociological concept. Bangladesh e-journal of Sociology, 1(2), July, pp. 1-9\r\n[6]. Hampton, k. N. (2010), &#8220;Internet use and the Concentration of disadvantages: Glocalization and the urban underclass&#8221;. American Behavioural Scientist 53(8), 1111 \u2013 1132.\r\n[7]. Hong, P (2010), &#8220;Glocalization of Social work practice: Global and local responses to globalization&#8221;. International Social Work, 53(5), 656- 670.\r\n[8]. Odock, C. N. (2002), &#8220;Globalization and North-South economic relations: obsolescence of the ACP \u2013 EU Cotonou partnership agreement&#8221;, A paper read at the xxth Conference of Nisia, UNN, Nsuka.\r\n[9]. Robertson, R. (1995), &#8220;Glocalization; Time-Space and Homogeneity \u2013 heterogeneity&#8221;, in Featherstone, m. et al (eds.) Global modernities, London: Sage.\r\n[10]. Shamsuddoha, M. (2004), &#8220;Globalization to Glocalization: A Conceptual Analysis.\r\n[11]. Sklair, L. (2003), &#8220;The Transnational Capitalist Class London: Clackwell.\r\n[12]. Roudometof, V. (2005), &#8220;Transnationalism, Cosmopolitanism and Glocalaization&#8221;, Current sociology, 53(1), 113 \u2013 135.\r\n[13]. Wellman, B, and Hampton, K. (1999), &#8220;Living Networked on and offline&#8221;, Contemporary Sociology, 28(6), 648 \u2013 654.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1844\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1844\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Onwunyi, Ugochukwu Mmaduabuchi, Ezeabasili, Ifeoma Ethel, Ostar, Christopher &#8221; From Globalization to Glocalization: Reaping the Positive Sides of Human Resource Flight for Economic Development in Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.05-11 August 2019\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/05-11.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1845\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1845\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/05-11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1846\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1846\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/from-globalization-to-glocalization-reaping-the-positive-sides-of-human-resource-flight-for-economic-development-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> From Globalization to Glocalization: Reaping the Positive Sides of Human Resource Flight for Economic Development in Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b053da1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b053da1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b05454e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b05454e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0547e5\" data-id=\"b0547e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b054a19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b054a19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b054b64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b054b64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b054df7\" data-id=\"b054df7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b055025 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b055025\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b055176 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b055176\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b05540a\" data-id=\"b05540a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b055615 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b055615\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b055754 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b055754\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0559ce\" data-id=\"b0559ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b055bed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b055bed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b055d4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b055d4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b055fea\" data-id=\"b055fea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0561fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0561fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b05c885 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b05c885\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b05cbe2\" data-id=\"b05cbe2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b05ce4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b05ce4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Bureaucratic Values for the Regional Development<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Abdul Rahim, Zaffar Iqbal &#8211; August 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 12-15<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b05cf9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b05cf9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b05d2aa\" data-id=\"b05d2aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b05d528 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b05d528\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1841\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1842\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1843\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1844\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1845\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1846\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1841\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper defines the definition of Bureaucracy with its academic evaluation and impact of Bureaucratic hierarchy with the power of proactive participation of Bureau in Society. it clarifies the historical background and the rule of bureaucracy in structuring the Government Policies with its implementation plan. The goals of bureaucratic values in comparison of Modern debate on bureaucracy with its components. The power of Bureaucracy is focusing point to get limit the power and its critical values which reflects the wreck of the development and it moves to the personal confliction. The maximum misuse of power for attaining the personal targets is to misconduct the power and delivers the corruption at all levels. The bureaucratic hierarchy is redefined for the attainment of purposeful effects. The prime objectives of bureaucracy I to s put forwards the theoretical value so as to be instigated.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 12-15\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1842\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdul Rahim<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAlhamd Islamic University, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zaffar Iqbal<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAlhamd Islamic University, Pakistan\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1843\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Farazmand, A. (Ed.). (2009). Bureaucracy and administration. CRC Press.(p.551)\r\n[2]. Farazmand, A. (1994). Handbook of Bureaucracy (Public Administration and Public Policy).(p.267)\r\n[3]. B.Guy Peters (1995) The Politics Of Bureaucracy .An Introduction to comparative Public Administration .(p-20)Great Britian MPG Print Group\r\n[4]. Robinson, G. O. (1991). American Bureaucracy: Public Choice and Public Law. University of Michigan Press.(pp.74-78)\r\n[5]. Robinson, G. O. (1991). American Bureaucracy: Public Choice and Public Law. University of Michigan Press.(pp.187-189 )\r\n[6]. Dolan, J., &amp; Rosenbloom, D. H. (2003). Representative bureaucracy: Classic readings and continuing controversies. ME Sharpe.(p.85)\r\n[7]. Max Weber\u2019s Theory of Bureaucracy HonorBecomes&#8217;em Thursday, November 01, 2012\r\n[8]. http:\/\/www.cssforum.com.pk\/css-optional-subjects\/group-vii\/sociology\/25513-bureaucratic-form-according-max-weber-his-six-major-principles.html\r\n[9]. Margaret Robertson Ferguson Edit:(2006) The Executive Branch of State Government, People, Process, and Politics. Goals of Bureaucracy. (p.79) SantaBarbara, Oxford England.\r\n[10]. Max Weber (2011) Seminar Paper Max Weber. Theory of Bureaucracy and its negative consequences. Druck und Bindung Books on Demand Gmbh Norderstedt Germany (p.03)\r\n[11]. S. P Naidu (1998) Public Administration, concepts and theories. Bureaucracy. New age International (P) Limited. (p.82)\r\n[12]. Nicos P Mouzelis (1967) organization and Bureaucracy, Analysis of Modern theories. Bureaucracy and oligarchy (p.26) NY Printing Press\r\n[13]. Narendra K Singhi(1974) Bureaucracy , Positions and Persons (p-05) Shakti Malik. New Delhi\r\n[14]. Lowi, T.: The End of Liberalism. New York. W. W. Norton and Company, 1979. 2\r\n[15]. William A. Niskanen, JR (2007) Bureaucracy &amp; Representative Government, Bureaucracy &amp; their Environment (p.21) United State Printing Press\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1844\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1844\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abdul Rahim, Zaffar Iqbal &#8220;The Bureaucratic Values for the Regional Development&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.12-15 August 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/12-15.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1845\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1845\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/12-15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1846\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1846\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-bureaucratic-values-for-the-regional-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Bureaucratic Values for the Regional Development<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b05ec97 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b05ec97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b05ed7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b05ed7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b05eef9\" data-id=\"b05eef9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b06e335 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b06e335\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b06e412 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b06e412\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b06e5b2\" data-id=\"b06e5b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b06e6d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b06e6d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b06e77e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b06e77e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b06e8cb\" data-id=\"b06e8cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b06f668 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b06f668\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b06f751 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b06f751\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b06f8e8\" data-id=\"b06f8e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b06fa05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b06fa05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b06fab3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b06fab3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b06fc04\" data-id=\"b06fc04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b06fd2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b06fd2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b06fdcd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b06fdcd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b06ff25\" data-id=\"b06ff25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0700b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0700b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b07026a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b07026a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b070553\" data-id=\"b070553\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b070786 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b070786\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Exploring Climate Change Friendly Behavior among Tertiary Students in Promotion of Sustainable Development Goal Number 13: a case of a University in Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Tshuma Doreen Taurai, Chatsiwa, Jaison &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 16-20<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0708ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0708ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b070b95\" data-id=\"b070b95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b070df7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b070df7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Introduction: &#8211; Climate change and climate variability are presenting new challenges that are threating human livelihoods and sustainability across the globe. Societies therefore need to find coping strategies that work for them to reduce the effects brought by climate change. The main aim of this study was to explore climate change friendly behavior among University students, in promoting Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13), both in campus and off campus. SDG 13 deals with climate action. Climate change is real and this calls for changes in our actions, attitudes and behavior. According to Smith (2015; 29) \u2018achieving change in individuals and organizational behavior to meet the challenges of global environmental change will be seen as a defining benchmark for our generation\u2019. Research has shown that societies globally have a basic understanding of what climate change is. The question however, is that with that knowledge, are people changing their behavior to address and reduce the impacts of climate change? This paper therefore addresses climate friendly behavior if any among University students both on-campus and off-campus.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 16-20\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tshuma Doreen Taurai<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGreat Zimbabwe University, School of Curriculum Studies, Masvingo Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chatsiwa, Jaison<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of the Witswatersrand, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Acharya, A. Matthew, B., Maya S., 2015. Explaining Attitudes from Behavior: A Cognitive Dissonance Approach\r\n[2]. Bicchieri, C., 2006. The Grammar of Society: the Nature and Dynamics of Social Norm, Cambridge University Press, New York.\r\n[3]. Bulkeley, H., 2000. Common Knowledge? Public understanding of climate change in Newcastle, Australia. Public understanding of science, 9, 313-333.\r\n[4]. Bammer, G. (2015) Improving Research Impact by Better Understanding Change: A case study of Multidisciplinary Synthesis. In: Change! Combining Analytic Approaches with Street Wisdom. ANU Press\r\n[5]. Bromham, L. (2015) Evolutionary Change: Nothing Stands Still in Biology. In: Change! Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Change, Bammer, G (ed). ANU Press\r\n[6]. Carnell, K. (2015), A Politician\u2019s View of Change. In: Change! Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Change, Bammer, G (ed). ANU Press\r\n[7]. Cohen, L.; Manion, H. and Morrison, K. (2011) Research Methods in Education (6th ed). London, Routledge\r\n[8]. Crompton, T., (2017) Values Matter. Contribution to Zero Carbon Britain: Making it Happen. Centre for Alternative Technology\r\n[9]. Dobbins, J; Solomon, R.H.; Chase, M.S.; Henry, R. Larrabee, S.; Lempert, R.J.; Liepman, A.M.; Martini, J.; Ochmanek, D. and Shatz, H.J. (2015) Choices for America in a Turbulent World. Rand Corporation.\r\n[10]. Festinger, L. , 1957. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.\r\n[11]. Gratzer, G. and Keeton, W.S. (2017) Mountain Forests and Sustainable Development: The Potential for Achieving the United Nation\u2019s 2030 Agenda. Mountain Research and Development, 37(3): 246-253\r\n[12]. Heyd, T. (2010) Climate Change: Individual Responsibilities and Cultural Frameworks. Human Ecology, 17(2)\r\n[13]. HSBC, 2007. The Climate Confidence Index 2007. Available online at: http:\/\/www.hsbc.com\/1\/PA_1_1_S5\/content\/assets\/newsroom\/hsbc_ccindex_p8.pdf\r\n[14]. Jones, L. and Boyd, E. (2011) Exploring Social Barriers to Adaptation: Insights from Western Nepal. Global Environmental Change, 21: 1262-1274\r\n[15]. Kerr, G.W. (2012) Climate Change: The Role of the Individual. Available at: https:www.parliament.scot.ResearchBriefingsAndFacts\/Factsheets\/SB_12-46.pdf [Accessed 4 October 2018]\r\n[16]. Kollmuss, A., Agyeman, J., 2002. Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behaviour? Environmental Education Research, 8 (3), 239-260.\r\n[17]. Krezt, L. (2012) Climate Change: Bridging the Theory-Action Gap. Ethics and the Environment, 17(2): 9-27\r\n[18]. Leiserovitz A., Maibach E., Roser-Renouf C., 2008. Global Warming\u2019s \u00ab Six Americas \u00bb, An Audience Segmentation. Yale project on climate change, George Mason University, Center for Climate Change Communication.\r\n[19]. Liverani, A., 2009. Climate change and individual behavior. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 5058.\r\n[20]. Manusic, B.G. (2015) Social Behavior as a Basis for the Design and Development of Green Infrastructure. Urbani\/zziv 26, Supplement: GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN CENTRAL, EASTERN AND SOUTHERN EASTERN EUROPE: 5130-5149\r\n[21]. McKenzie-Mohr, D., Smith, W., 1999. Fostering sustainable behavior: An introduction to community-based social marketing. New Society, Gabriola Island, B.C.\r\n[22]. Norgaard, K.M., 2009. Cognitive and behavioural challenges in responding to climate change. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 4940.\r\n[23]. Ostrom, E., 2009. A polycentric approach for coping with climate change. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 5095.\r\n[24]. Patchen, M., 2006. Public attitudes and behavior about climate change; what shapes them and how to influence them. Purdue Climate Change Research Center Outreach Publication 0601.\r\n[25]. Phellas, C.N.; Bloch, A. and Seale, C. (2013) Structured Methods: Interviews, Questionnaires and observations: Researching Society and Culture (3rd ed). London, Sage\r\n[26]. Smith, M.S. (2015) Responding to Global Environmental Change. In Bammer, G. (ed) Change! Combining Analytic Approaches with Street Wisdom. ANU Press\r\n[27]. Stoll-Kleemann S., O\u2019Riordan T., and Jaeger C., 2001. The Psychology of Denial Concerning Climate Mitigation Measures: Evidence From Swiss Focus Groups,\u201d Global Environmental Change, 11, 107-117.\r\n[28]. Vink, M.J.; Dewulf, A. and Termeer, C. (2013) The Role of Knowledge and Power in Climate Change Adaptation Governance: a Systematic Literature Review. Ecology and Society, 18(4): 46\r\n[29]. Weidema, B.P.; Thrane, M.; Christensen, P.; Schmidt, J. and Lokke, S. (2008) Carbon Footprint: A Catalyst for Life Cycle Assessment? Journal of Industrial Ecology, 12(1)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tshuma Doreen Taurai, Chatsiwa, Jaison &#8220;Exploring Climate Change Friendly Behavior among Tertiary Students in Promotion of Sustainable Development Goal Number 13: a case of a University in Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.16-20 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/16-20.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/16-20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/exploring-climate-change-friendly-behavior-among-tertiary-students-in-promotion-of-sustainable-development-goal-number-13-a-case-of-a-university-in-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Exploring Climate Change Friendly Behavior among Tertiary Students in Promotion of Sustainable Development Goal Number 13: a case of a University in Zimbabwe<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b07d0e7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b07d0e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b07d1e4 elementor-section-boxed 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elementor-element-b07d548 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b07d548\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b07d6a9\" data-id=\"b07d6a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b07d7c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b07d7c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b07d86c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b07d86c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b07d9cd\" data-id=\"b07d9cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b07dada elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b07dada\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b07db81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b07db81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b07dcca\" data-id=\"b07dcca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b07dde1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b07dde1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b07de80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b07de80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b07dfd0\" data-id=\"b07dfd0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b07e0da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b07e0da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b07e17e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b07e17e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b07e2f1\" data-id=\"b07e2f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b07e40e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b07e40e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Training and Development as a Tool for Achieving Organizational Objectives<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Esther James, Collins Daniel Kwabe &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 21-32<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b07e4b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b07e4b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b07e633\" data-id=\"b07e633\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b07e78e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b07e78e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study focuses on the Impact of Training and Developments as A Tool for Achieving Organizational Objectives, The objective of the study was to find out how training and development of employees contribute to the achievement of the goals, assess how reward system as a human resource management practice influences performance, established how job design as a component of human resource management practices influences performance, and to identify the roles of training and development in achieving organizational goals. Based on the literature, the study recommends Training and development should be seen not only as of the thread that ties together all human resource practices, but also as the instrument for establishing and signaling when and how work practices should change. In other words, employees should take on the role of organizational change agents.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 21-32\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Esther James<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Management Education, Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Collins Daniel Kwabe<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Social and Management Sciences, Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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(2003), The effect of Human ResourceManagement Practices on Japanese MNC subsidiary performance: A Practical\r\n[23]. Henrichsen P. (2007), personnel Economics in Imperfect Labour Markets, Oxford University Press, Oxford.\r\n[24]. Irene, G. (2013) Human Resource Management New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited.\r\n[25]. Inyang, K. (2008). Impact of HR Practices on Firm Performance in India.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resource.\r\n[26]. Ichniowski, P.M (2005) \u2018On Becoming a strategic partner, The Role of Human\r\n[27]. Resources in gaining Competitive Advantage, Human Resource Management, Vol. 37, No.1\r\n[28]. Jones, K. (2000).Organizational Understanding and Effectiveness.Washington DC Moses.A (2004).An Experimental Management Style.Metro.\r\n[29]. Jayaram, F.D, (2009)\u2019 The New American Workplace: Transforming Work system in the United States; Ithaca. NY: ILR Press.\r\n[30]. Michael, S.S (2000), \u201cThe Effect of Human resource management Practices on the perceptions of organizational and market performance of the firm: Human Resource Management Vol. 38, pp 185- 200.\r\n[31]. Mcghee P.B. (2005), \u201cService quality and human resource management: A Review and research agendas\u201d, Personnel Review Vol. 27.\r\n[32]. Mullins, S. (2007) Performance Management. The New Realities.Chartered Institute of Development.\r\n[33]. McNamara, S.E. (2010). \u201cLinking Competitive Strategies with Human Resource Management Practices\u201d Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 1, No. 3\r\n[34]. Mwita, G. T. (2000) Organizational Differences in Managerial Compensation and firm performance.Academy of Management Journal 33.\r\n[35]. Nonso, C., R .H (2013) Measure the Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Hospitality firm performance, hospitality management.\r\n[36]. Oladele, E. (2013).The Effective of Managerial Leadership Development.Programs of Academic Press.\r\n[37]. Olusanya, (2012).Review Affecting Purchasing Intention. Yu Da University.\r\n[38]. Okanya, P. (2008) Strategic Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance in the Nigerian Manufacturer Sector:\r\n[39]. Ospina, P. (2009). Seven Practices of Successful Organizations.Califonia Management Review 40 (2).\r\n[40]. Odiaka, I. (2011) The Effect of human resource practices on organizational performance: Evidence from Greece.\r\n[41]. Obasan, Jay, (1991) \u201cFirm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage\u201d Journal ofManagement Vol. 17.\r\n[42]. Pitfield L. (2002),&#8221; Professional HRM practices in family Owned-Managed Enterprises\u201d Scales Paper N200319, EIM and ErasmusUniversity\r\n[43]. Partlow, (2001), \u201cThe Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on\r\n[44]. Turnover Productivity, and Corporate Financial Performance,\u201d Academy ofManagement Journal, Vol. 38.No. 3.\r\n[45]. Qaiser, E., (2012) The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on the Performance of European Firms.\r\n[46]. Smith, T. (2010).The Search for Best Practices, Training, and Development.\r\n[47]. Sarbariya, J.B (2015), \u201cEffects of Human Resource Systems on Manufacturing performance and turnover: Academy of Management Journal.\r\n[48]. Tharenou (2012) Intrinsic Motivation with Performance Contigen Reward, the journal of Psychology 108 No. 1\r\n[49]. Tsaur&amp; Lin, (2004).The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on productivity, NBER Working Paper 5333, Columbia University.\r\n[50]. Ulreach, V. (2010).Proposed Model Based on The integrating Multiple Level Analysis. Oxford University Press.\r\n[51]. Williams, A.A (2003S). Human Resource Systems and Sustained Competitive Advantage; a complementary-based perspective, Academy of Management Journal 19.\r\n[52]. Wilson C.O (2014), \u201cHuman Resource Management Practices and OrganizationalLife Cycles,\u2019 in P.D Reynolds, W.D. Bygrave, N.M carter, P. Davidson, W.B. Gartner, C.M.\r\n[53]. Wurim, I. (2012).New Models of Strategic Human Resource Management in a Global context.International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(6).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Esther James, Collins Daniel Kwabe &#8220;Impact of Training and Development as a Tool for Achieving Organizational Objectives&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.21-32 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/21-32.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-training-and-development-as-a-tool-for-achieving-organizational-objectives\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Training and Development as a Tool for Achieving Organizational Objectives<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b083a53 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b083d09\" data-id=\"b083d09\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b083e3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b083e3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b083eea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b083eea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b084042\" data-id=\"b084042\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b084160 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b084160\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b084202 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b084202\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b084353\" data-id=\"b084353\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b08445c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b08445c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b08451a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b08451a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b084665\" data-id=\"b084665\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b084778 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b084778\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b084818 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b084818\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b084970\" data-id=\"b084970\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b084a82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b084a82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b084b20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b084b20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b084c5d\" data-id=\"b084c5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b084d6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b084d6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b084e07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b084e07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b084f4f\" data-id=\"b084f4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b085057 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b085057\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0850fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0850fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b08523a\" data-id=\"b08523a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b08534b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b08534b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0853e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0853e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b085538\" data-id=\"b085538\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b085647 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b085647\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0856e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0856e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b08584e\" data-id=\"b08584e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b085962 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b085962\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Migration and Nigeria \u2013 South Africa Relations<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Big-Alabo, Tamunopubo &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 33-39<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0859fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0859fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b085b75\" data-id=\"b085b75\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b085cc7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b085cc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examined the Migration and Nigeria-South Africa relations. The theory that was adopted was the neoclassical theory of migration by Arango and two questions was raised. The ex-post facto research design was used while data for this study was through secondary source such as textbooks, journal articles, newspapers, magazines and internet. The findings of the study showed that Nigeria and South Africa have relations which include Nigeria &#8211; South Africa NEPAD Initiative, South African Companies as Big Players in the Nigerian Economy and The South Africa &#8211; Nigeria Bi-National Commission. In a similar manner the findings also showed that there are some factors that Nigerians to migrate to south Africa which includes; poverty, overpopulation family reunification and asylum. .Based on the findings the study recommended among others that Nigeria should provide robust and unrestricted relations with South African outside the relations that they have (NEPAD Initiative, Bi-National Commission etc) to other aspect of businesses and Nigeria must also forge strategic business alliance in South Africa to balance the unhealthy business equation. Furthermore, beyond the existing skewed bilateral and economic relations in favor of South African businesses in Nigeria, there is an urgent need for both countries to initiate a liberalized migration regime and a robust migration management capacity towards enhancing and strengthening the strategic role of Nigerians in the diaspora as development partner.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 33-39\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Big-Alabo, Tamunopubo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept of Political\/Admin Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. 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Retrieved May 12, 2019, from https:\/\/africasacountry.com\/2018\/10\/how-many-immigrants-live-in-south-africa\r\n[18]. ICAR (2004). Media image, community impact, London: Information centre about asylum and refugees.\r\n[19]. Laura, N. (2008). The new foreign policy: Power seeking in a globalized era. Lanham, Md: Rowman&amp; Littlefield publishers.\r\n[20]. Lutchman, J. &amp; John, D. (2004) South Africa and Nigeria: Two unequal centres at the periphery in the State of the Nation: South Africa\r\n[21]. Mahendra K (1967) Theoretical aspects of international politics.Shiva LalAgarwala.of Politics 2: 1-14.\r\n[22]. Mason, R., Grierson, J. &amp; Taylor, M. (2015). Calais: Britain willing to send more security assistance, says Cameron, guardian, Retrieved 29th June 2019 from http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/jun\/24\/calais-britain-send-more-securityassistance-cameron.\r\n[23]. Moore, K. (2013). Asylum shopping in the neoliberal social imaginary, media, culture &amp; society 35, 348-365.\r\n[24]. National Bureau for Statistics (2018). Retrieval 10th June 2019 from http:\/\/www.nigeriastat.gov.ng.\r\n[25]. Ogunnubi, O. &amp;Amusan, L. (2018).Nigeria\u2019s Attitude towards South Africa\u2019s perceived xenophobia: Exploring a shared hegemonic power for Africa\u2019s development in Akinola, A.O. (ed.). The Political Economy of Xenophobia in Africa. Springer International Publishing: Switzerland\r\n[26]. Omojola, B.(2006). The sky is the limit, Africa today.\r\n[27]. Omoweh, D. A. (2003). The new partnership for Africa\u2019s development (NEPAD): Another false start? The NigerianSocial Scientist, Vol. 6, No. 1, March, 2003\r\n[28]. Padelford, N. J. &amp; Lincoln, G.A (1977).The dynamics of international politics. Macmillan Company, New York.Press.\r\n[29]. Pahad, A. (2002). Briefing on the incoming state visit, union building, 5 May 2002.\r\n[30]. Popp, M. &amp; Schindler, J. (2015). Spiegel migration debate: One of the most serious dramas of our times, spiegel Retrieved 29th June 2019 from http:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/europe\/two-european-migration-experts-debateinflux-over-mediterranean-a-1033385.html.\r\n[31]. Santa, A. O. (1999). Like an animal I was treated: anti-immigrant metaphor in US public discourse\u2019, Discourse &amp; Society 10, 191-224.\r\n[32]. Sifingo, B. (2003). South African high commissioner to Nigeria comments on business relations, African BusinessJournal Issue 13, February \u2013 May South Africa \u2013 Nigeria Chamber of Commerce.\r\n[33]. UNCHR. (2015). More than half the world&#8217;s refugees are children, UNHCR Homepage, Retrieved 29th June 2019 from http:\/\/donate.unhcr.org\/gbr\/general?gclid=CKqo8efZtMYCFcPMtAodYnsGuA&amp;gclsrc=aw.ds.\r\n[34]. UNICEF. (2018) The Nigeria situation; 2007. Retrieval 10th June 2019 from http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/nigeria\/1971_2199.html.\r\n[35]. World population review.Nigeria population; 2018. Retrieval 10th June 2019 fromhttp:\/\/www.worldpopulationreview.com\/countries\/nigeria-population.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Big-Alabo, Tamunopubo &#8220;Migration and Nigeria \u2013 South Africa Relations&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.33-39 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/33-39.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/migration-and-nigeria-south-africa-relations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Migration and Nigeria \u2013 South Africa Relations<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b08f93c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b08f93c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-b09098f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b09098f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b090ae6\" data-id=\"b090ae6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b090bec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b090bec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b090c90 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b090c90\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b090dfc\" data-id=\"b090dfc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b090f0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b090f0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Taking a Stance on the Language in Education Policy and Planning in Ghana: Concept Paper<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gifty Edna Anani- August 2019 Page No.: 40-43<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b090fa2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b090fa2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b091108\" data-id=\"b091108\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b091230 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b091230\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper discusses the writer\u2019s experiences and position on language- in- education policy and planning in Ghana. It opens with an overview of language- in -education policy and planning in Ghana. It then looks at language-in-education policy situation in Ghana and a review of inconsistencies in the language-in-education policy in Ghana. The paper concludes with recommendations to aid policy makers to have effective implementation of language-in-education policy. The paper is based on a literature review and the author\u2019s own experience.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 40-43\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gifty Edna Anani<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhD Candidate, Department of Communication Studies, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Akyeampong, K. 2004. \u201cThe Language Policy Debate in Ghana: Where Has It Gone Wrong?\u201d Norrag News. Retrieved(http:\/\/www.norrag.org\/cn\/publications\/norrag-news\/online version\/language-politics-and-the-politics-of-language-in-e\r\n[2]. Andoh-Kumi, K. 1992, An investigation into the relationship between bilingualism and school achievement \u2013 A Case study of Akan speaking bilinguals in Ghana. Ph.D. thesis, University of Ghana, Legon.\r\n[3]. Andoh-Kumi, K. 2000. \u2018Medium of instruction at the basic education level: Does it matter?\u2019, The legon Journal of the Humanities, pp. 18-19.\r\n[4]. Ankrah,T.O.( 2015).Education Experts\u2019 Perceptions of the Ghanaian Language Policy and Its Implementation Academic dissertation, University of Lapland (Published)\r\n[5]. Ansah, G. N. (2014). Re-examining the fluctuations in language-in-education policies in post- independence Ghana. Multilingual Education, 4 (2),1-15.education\/detail\/the-language-policy-debate-in-ghana-where -has-it-gone-wrong.html).\r\n[6]. Anyidoho, A. ( 2018) Shifting sands: Language policies in education in Ghana and implementations challenges. Ghana Journal of Linguistics. 7(2) pp 225-243\r\n[7]. Hartwell, A. &amp;Casely-Hayford, L. (2010) National Literacy Acceleration Program(NALAP) Implementation Study. USAID, Ghana.\r\n[8]. Owu-Ewie, C. &amp;Eshun, E.(2019) Language representation in Ghanaian Primary classroom and its implications: the case of selected schools in Central and Western Regions of Ghana. Journal: Current issues in language planning. Vol: 20(4) 365-388\r\n[9]. Owu -Ewie , C. (2015). Journal of Education and Practice The Use of English as Medium of Instruction at the Upper Basic Level (Primary four to Junior High School) in Ghana: From Theory to Practice .Journal of Education and Practice 6(3).\r\n[10]. Quarcoo, M.( 2014) Language Policy and language education in Ghana: a reality or illusion? Wisconsin journal. Vol. iv 49-59\r\n[11]. Sekyere, D.O. (2013). Some factors influencing the academic performance of junior high school pupils in English Language: The case of Assin North Municipality, Ghana. International Journal of English and Literature. Vol. 4(5), pp. 226-235.\r\n[12]. Wilmot, V.V.(2015) Swings in school language Policies: The case of Ghana. International Journal of English Linguistics Vol. 3(3)pp 15-25\r\n[13]. https:\/\/www.ghanaweb.com\/GhanaHomePage\/NewsArchive\/Ghana-to-change-English-as-medium\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gifty Edna Anani, &#8220;Taking a Stance on the Language in Education Policy and Planning in Ghana: Concept Paper&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.40-43 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/40-43.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/40-43.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/taking-a-stance-on-the-language-in-education-policy-and-planning-in-ghana-concept-paper\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Taking a Stance on the Language in Education Policy and Planning in Ghana: Concept Paper<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0997ca elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b099a4f\" data-id=\"b099a4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b099b80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b099b80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b099c24 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b099c24\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b099d8e\" data-id=\"b099d8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b099ead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b099ead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b099f53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b099f53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b09a0ad\" data-id=\"b09a0ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b09a1b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b09a1b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b09a259 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b09a259\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b09a3a7\" data-id=\"b09a3a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b09a4df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b09a4df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b09a57c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b09a57c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b09a6cc\" data-id=\"b09a6cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b09a7d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b09a7d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b09a87b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b09a87b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b09a9c7\" data-id=\"b09a9c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b09aad5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b09aad5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b09ab70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b09ab70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b09ace3\" data-id=\"b09ace3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b09adec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b09adec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Availability and Utilization of Library Resources on Students\u2019 Academic Achievement in Public Day Secondary Schools<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Malach Mogire Mogaka &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 44-49<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b09ae91 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b09ae91\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b09affb\" data-id=\"b09affb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b09b13f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b09b13f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study sought to investigate the relationship between availability and utilization of library resources and students\u2019 academic achievement in Public day secondary schools in Kisii County, Kenya. The main objective of the study was to establish the level of availability and utilization of library resources and its relationship on students\u2019 academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kisii County. Correlational research design was used in this study where secondary school teachers and students were involved. Non-proportionate sampling, systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the sample size for this study. Non-proportionate sampling technique was used to sample schools, systematic random sampling technique was used to sample students while teachers were sampled using purposive sampling technique. The Yamane simplified formula was used to calculate the sample size of 426 subjects which comprised 401 students and 25 teachers. Data collection was done by use of student questionnaire (SQ) and Teachers Interview Schedule (TIS). The data collected were both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were analyzed using inferential statistics, Pearson\u2019s Product Moment Correlational Coefficient analysis and multiple regression. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and were reported as direct quotations. Findings from the analyzed data were presented as tables, figures and graphs. The study found out that most day secondary schools in the county had not availed library resources. The study concluded that availability and utilization of library resources had a relationship with students\u2019 academic achievement. The study recommends that; libraries should be put up in every public day secondary schools to enhance students\u2019 academic performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 44-49\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Malach Mogire Mogaka <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. Adeyemi, T.O. &amp;Adu, E. T. (2010): Middle-East J.SCI RE 5, 5(1):14-21\r\n[2]. Alex G (2011). Definitions of Study Habits Retrieved on 4th February, 2013 from: www.answers.com.\r\n[3]. Ashioya, B.W. (2012).Factors Affecting Utilization of Sec. School Libraries in Vihiga District, Western Province of Kenya.(Unpublished Thesis). Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n[4]. American Association of School Librarians, (2011).Best websites for teaching &amp;Learning.Retrieved on 05.10.2015 at 12:23 pm from http:\/\/www.ala.org\/aasl\/ standards.\r\n[5]. Busayo, I. (2011). The school library as a foundational step to children\u201fs effective reading habits .Library, philosophy and practice.http:\/\/www.webpages.uidaho.ud\/~mbolin\/busayo-reading.htm(Accessed on 17\/12\/2013).\r\n[6]. Cohen et al. (2003).Research methods in Education, RoutledgeFalmer 11 New Fetter Lane, London. EC4P 4EE\r\n[7]. Creswell, J.W. (2009) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (3rd ed. Edition) London: Sage\r\n[8]. De Escobar, V. M. (2011). Good Study Habits and Academic Achievement walk hand in hand. Retrieved on 4th February,2013 from: http:\/\/EzineArticles.com\/?expert=Veronica M.DeEscobar\r\n[9]. eHow, (2011). The effects of the school library on students\u2019 academic achievement. Retrieved from:www.ehow.com\/info 7873717 effects library-students. On 5th February, 2015.\r\n[10]. George A (2011). The School library in a megacity setting: The case of Lagos State. Gateway J.14.1: 76-86\r\n[11]. Harold, J. R. T. (2015). Development and Acceptability of the Simplified Text with Workbook in Differential Equations as an Instructional Material for Engineering.Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 3 No. 4, 89-94.\r\n[12]. Jato, M., Ogunniyi, S. O. and Olubiyo, P. O. (2014). Study habits, use of school Libraries and students\u2019 academic performance in selected secondary schools in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State. International Journal of Library and Information Science 21(1): 56 \u2013 72.\r\n[13]. Karimi M: (2011), Uri;HTTP;\/\/erepository.Uonbi.ac.ke:8080\/handle?123456789\/4257.\r\n[14]. Laddunuri, M. M. (20I2). Status of School Education in Present Tanzania and Emerging Issues.McGraw Hill,Inc. Retrieved from http:\/\/soeagra.com\/ijert\/ ijert_march2012\/4.pdf on I0\/ I7 \/20I4 11: 59 am.\r\n[15]. Likoko et al. (2013).The Adequacy of Instructional Materials and Physical Facilities and their Effects on Quality of Teacher Preparation in Emerging Private Primary Teacher Training Colleges in Bungoma County, Kenya. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319\u20107064 Volume 2 Issue 1, January www.ijsr.net\r\n[16]. Moghadam, M.F. &amp;Cheraghain, B. (2008). Study habits and their relationship with academic performance among students of Abadan School of nursing strides in development of medical education vol. 6. No 1. Retrieved on January 2013 from:http:\/\/www.sdmei.coni\/english\/abstract.asp?articleTD=17470\r\n[17]. Nimrold, M.E (2016) The Influence of Public Primary School Teachers Working Environment on Student Academic Performance in Rural Areas. A Case of Kilimanjaro Region.(Unpublished master\u2019s thesis).The Open University of Tanzania.\r\n[18]. New York Comprehensive Centre, (2011).Informational Brief: Impact of School Libraries on Student Achievement. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nysl.nysed.gov\/libdev\/nyla\/nycc_school_library_brief.pdf on 06\/09\/2015 at 12:39 pm.\r\n[19]. Salkind, N. J. (2011). Statistics for people who think they hate statistics (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.\r\n[20]. Shannon, D. M. (2012).\u201cPrincipals\u2019 perceptions of school librarians.\u201dTeacher Librarian.\r\n[21]. Stephens, I. (2010). Helping your Child Succeed in School IV: Successful Study Retrieved on 27th January, 2013 from: wwwss.apacenter.com\/&#8230;succeed-in-school-v-get. Involved\/\r\n[22]. Todd, R. J. &amp; Carol, A. G.(2010). School libraries, now more than ever: A Position of the Center for International Scholarship in School Libraries. Rutgers University, CentreforInternationalSchoolLibraries.http:\/\/www.mmm.net\/storage\/resoruces\/Theimportance_of_School Libraries.pdf\r\n[23]. Wanjiku et al. (20013).Availability and Utilization of Educational Resources in Influencing Students performance in Secondary Schools in Mbeere South, Embu County, Kenya.(A master of Education Thesis). Kenyatta University. Nairobi.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Malach Mogire Mogaka, &#8220;Availability and Utilization of Library Resources on Students\u2019 Academic Achievement in Public Day Secondary Schools&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.44-49 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/44-49.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0a757c\" data-id=\"b0a757c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a76a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0a76a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0a7751 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0a7a59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0a8831\" data-id=\"b0a8831\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a8a04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0a8a04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0a8ad2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0a8ad2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0a8c46\" data-id=\"b0a8c46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a8d67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0a8d67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0a8e0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0a8e0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0a8f87\" data-id=\"b0a8f87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a90aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0a90aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Pull factors in University Sports- The Case of Kenyan Universities<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Janet Muhalia Chumba, Dr. Simon Munayi- August 2019 Page No.: 50-52<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0a9153 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0a9153\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0a92d6\" data-id=\"b0a92d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a93ff elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0a93ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Students at the University tend to have different reasons for participating in sports. While at the international level concept such as participating in the Olympic games is a driver, in Kenya the reasons tend to be more varied and could be associate with the lower echelons of the Maslow hierarch. The study was carried out in Kenyan Universities where the researcher went out to find the factors involved in drawing student into the sports field. The study used a descriptive research design. 268 students were randomly sampled from students who participate in extramural games and 38 administrative staff of Kenyan Universities. A questionnaire was used to seek for reasons students\u2019 participation in sports. The results indicate that public universities had more students attracted to extramural than the private universities in Kenya. Further, the students were asked to rank the reasons that attracted them to the sports fields. Fitness, recreation and enjoyment were ranked highest while national team selection was ranked lowest. The findings agreed with other findings that suggested that university students in Kenya are not driven by attributes that suggest playing at the highest level.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 50-52\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Janet Muhalia Chumba<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Simon Munayi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Cooper, N., Schuett, P.a, and Phillips, H, M. (2011) Examining intrinsic motivations in campus intramural sports. Recreational sports journal, 36(1), 25-36.\r\n[2]. Deci, E, L. &amp; Ryan, R. M (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum.\r\n[3]. Ekmekci, E, Arslan, Y, Ekmeckci AD, Agbuga, B. (2010). Universite ogrencilernin spora bakis acilarnin ve spora katilim gudulerini belirenmest E-journal of new world sciences Academy sports sciences (2010) 5(2): 104-114\r\n[4]. Good, E.L and Brophy, J. E (2000). LOOKING INTO Classroms (5th ED.) Newyork; Longman.\r\n[5]. Mwisukha &amp; Wanderi, (2014), Participation and Performance of Student-Athletes at Olympic Games; Lesson for Universities in Africa, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 1.\r\n[6]. Ng, R.S.K. (2011) Understanding sports participation motivation and barriers in adolescents 11-17: An introduction of rowing activity in schools. Asian Journal of physical education and recreation, 17(2) 66-74\r\n[7]. Petz, B. (2011) Psihologiski rjecnik( Psychological dictionary). Jastrebarko: Naklado Slap. (in Croatia).\r\n[8]. Strel, J, and Sila, B. (2010) Sport activity of Slovenian adolescents aged between 15 and 18 sport 58, 124-129.\r\n[9]. Weldon, J,J. and Dieser, R,B. (2010). Perspectives of fitness an health in college men and women. Journal of college student development 51, 61-78.\r\n[10]. Woodruff, A. L., &amp; Schallert, D. L. (2008). Studying to play, playing to study: Nine collegestudent-athletes\u2019 motivational sense of self. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33(1), 34-57.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Janet Muhalia Chumba, Dr. Simon Munayi&#8221; Pull factors in University Sports- The Case of Kenyan Universities&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.50-52 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/50-52.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/50-52.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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data-id=\"b0aa9b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0aab0f\" data-id=\"b0aab0f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0aac21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0aac21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0aacbd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0aacbd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0aae0d\" data-id=\"b0aae0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0aaf35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0aaf35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0aafe1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0aafe1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0ab14c\" data-id=\"b0ab14c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ab269 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0ab269\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Relationship between Classroom Equipment and Students\u2019 Academic Achievement in Public Day Secondary Schools<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Malach Mogire Mogaka &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 53-57<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0ab308 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0ab308\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0ab478\" data-id=\"b0ab478\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ab5a0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0ab5a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was set to establish the relationship between classroom equipment and students\u2019 academic achievement in Public day secondary schools in Kisii County, Kenya. The study was triggered by the fact that most of the secondary school students\u2019 life in public day secondary schools is spent in classrooms. Classrooms therefore play a very vital role in students\u2019 life in school. The main objective of the study was to establish the level of availability and utilization of classroom equipment and its relationship on students\u2019 academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The production function model of education guided the study. The type of classroom equipment under study included; chalk and duster, chalk board\/whiteboard, students\u2019 chairs, teachers\u2019 desks, classroom overhead projector, cupboards, wall notice, computer work station and teaching aid displays. The study adopted a correlational research design which involved students and teachers from the 246 public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The sample size of this study was selected using non-proportionate sampling, systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The Yamane simplified formula was used to calculate the sample size of 426 subjects. Data collection was done by use of student questionnaire (SQ) and Teachers Interview Schedule (TIS). The data collected were both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were analyzed using inferential statistics, Pearson\u2019s Product Moment Correlational Coefficient analysis and multiple regression. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and were reported as direct quotations. The finding of the study showed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation (r=.144, n=377, p=.005) between availability and utilization of classroom equipment and student\u2019s academic achievement, with a high level of availability and utilization associated to improved academic achievement among the students and vice-versa.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 53-57 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Malach Mogire Mogaka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]. Adan, A. (2011).Challenges encountered by head teachers in Implementing Subsidized day secondary education (FDSE) in Wajir District, (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis).Kenyatta University, Kenya.\r\n[2]. Afework, T, H. (2014). Availability of school facilities and their effects on the quality of education in Government Primary schools of Havari Regional State and East Havarghe Zone, Ethiopia. Middle Eastern &amp; African Journal of Educational Research, Issue 11. Year 2014.59\r\n[3]. Cohen et al. (2003).Research methods in Education, RoutledgeFalmer 11 New Fetter Lane, London. EC4P 4EE\r\n[4]. Fisher, A. &amp; Rush, L. (2008). Conceptions of learning and pedagogy: developing trainee teachers\u2019 epistemological understandings. The Curriculum Journal. 19 (3): 227-238.\r\n[5]. Hussain, I., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, S., Suleman, Q., Din, M. Q. and Khalid, N. (2012). A Study to Investigate the Availability of Educational Facilities at Secondary School Level in District Karak.Language in India, Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow, India, 12 (10). pp. 234-250\r\n[6]. Iqbal, M. (2005).A comparative study of organizational structure, leadership style and physical facilities of public and private secondary schools in Punjab and their effect on school effectiveness.(Unpublished Ph.D thesis).Institute of Education &amp; Research, University of Punjab, Lahore.\r\n[7]. Jones, V.F. &amp; Jones, L. S. (2012).Comprehensive classroom management, creating communities of support and solving problems (10th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.\r\n[8]. Kudari, J.M. (2016). Survey on the Factors Influencing the Student\u2019s Academic Performance.International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology, 5(6), 30-36. Retrieved April 25, 2018\r\n[9]. Lippman, P. C. (2010). Can the physical environment have an impact on the learning environment? CELE Exchange 2010\/13 ISSN 2072-7925, \u00a9 OECD 2010.\r\n[10]. MOEST, (2012).Sessional Paper No. 1 2005 \u2013 Policy Framework for Education, Training and Research.Meeting the Challenges of Education Training and Research in Kenya in the 21st Century, Nairobi.\r\n[11]. Momoh, S.O. (2010). Instructional Strategies and students performance in Secondary Schools Science.Journal of instructional psychology, Volume: 35 Source Issue: 2.\r\n[12]. Omodara, M. F. &amp;Bandele, S. O.(2010). Analysis of teacher-student classroom interactions in science lessons in senior secondary schools. African Journal of Education Research and Administration 3(1): 83-88\r\n[13]. Reyes et al. (2012).Classroom emotional climate, student engagement, and academic achievement.Journal Of\r\n[14]. Suleman, Q. &amp; Husain, H. (2014).Effects of Classroom Physical Environment on Academic Achievement Scores of Secondary School Students in Kahota Division, Pakistan.\r\n[15]. Van der Wal, M., &amp;Torenbeek, M. (2011).Ontwikkeling in de pedagogischdidactischevaardigheid van leraren in het basisonderwijs.PedagogischeStudi\u00ebn (88) 416-432.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Malach Mogire Mogaka &#8220;The Relationship between Classroom Equipment and Students\u2019 Academic Achievement in Public Day Secondary Schools&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.53-57 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/53-57.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0ace4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0ace4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0acf9f\" data-id=\"b0acf9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ad0a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0ad0a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0ad147 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0ad147\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0ad2a7\" data-id=\"b0ad2a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ad3ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0ad3ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Review of Importance of Gender Mainstreaming in Disaster Risk Reduction<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>W.M.G.N. Panampitiya &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 58-63<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0ad457 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0ad457\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0ad5c8\" data-id=\"b0ad5c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ad6fc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0ad6fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Main intention of this article is to analyse the importance of gender mainstreaming in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in in order to reduce the gap gaps and to enhance gender equality in the fields of adaptation methods, resilience actions and reduction of disaster risk. This study has used literature review method and relevant literature have been analysed based on descriptive analysis according to the purposes of the study. The purposive sampling method was used to select relevant literature. This study has been analysed under some major parts namely definitions of Disaster and its classification, Disaster risk and Disaster Risk Reduction, Mainstreaming gender for Disaster Risk Reduction. This study shows the significance of mainstreaming gender in Disaster Risk Reduction from the level of policymaking to community implementations.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 58-63 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>W.M.G.N. Panampitiya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. Assar, M. (1971), Guide to sanitation in natural Disasters, Geneva, World Health Organization.\r\n[2]. Australian Emergency Management Glossary (1998), Australia, Emergency Management Australia\r\n[3]. Carter, W. N. (1991), Disaster management: a disaster manager\u2019s handbook, Mandaluyong City, Phil.: Asian Development Bank.\r\n[4]. Disaster Management in India , Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India\r\n[5]. European Commission (2013), Disaster Risk Reduction: Increasing Resilience by Reducing Disaster Risk in Humanitarian Action, Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection, European Commission.\r\n[6]. Ginige K., Amaratunga, D. and Haigh R., (2009), &#8220;Mainstreaming gender in disaster reduction: why and how?&#8221;, Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, Vol. 18. pp. 23 &#8211; 34 Permanent link to this document: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1108\/09653560910938510\r\n[7]. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). 2004. Living with risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives. Geneva: ISDR Secretariat.\r\n[8]. Niekerk D.V. (2006), Disaster Risk Reduction, Disaster Risk Management and Disaster Management: Academic Rhetoric or Practical Reality, South Africa, North-West University.\r\n[9]. Panampitiya, W.M.G.N. (2018), A Review of Indigenous Knowledge Related to Traditional Agriculture in Sri Lanka, EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), Volume 04, Issues 10, ISSN (Online): 2455-3662.\r\n[10]. Rolleri, L.A. (2013), Understanding Gender and Gender Equality, Gender and Sexual Health part one, Act for Youth Centre of Excellence, Research Facts and Findings, New York, Cornell University, University of Rochester, and New York State Center for School Safety.\r\n[11]. Sena L. and Woldemichael K. (2006), Disaster Prevention and Preparedness, Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education.\r\n[12]. Singh, R.B. (2006), Introduction to Natural Hazards and Disasters: conceptual Framework, Vulnerability, Spatial Pattern, Impacts and Mitigation Strategy: Indian Experience, Natural Hazards and Disaster Management: Vulnerability and Mitigation, Jaipur-India, Rawat Publication.\r\n[13]. The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015), Disaster Risk Reduction and Gender, Inter Agency Group on Gender Equality and Women\u2019s Empowerment for Latin America and the Caribbean.\r\n[14]. Twigg, J. (2007), Tools for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction, social impact assessment,International Federation of Red cross and Red Crescent societies prevention consortium.\r\n[15]. UNDP (2010), Information Boucher, Gender and Disaster Risk Reduction, Armenia, United Nations.\r\n[16]. UNDP (2011), Gender Mainstreaming in Disaster Risk Reduction: Manual Training of Trainers, Armenia, United Nations Development Programme.\r\n[17]. UNESCO (2002), Gender Equality in Basic Education in Latin America and the Caribbean \u2013 state of the art; Santiago, Chile, UNESCO publishing, p. 53.\r\n[18]. UNESCO (2003). UNESCO\u2019s gender mainstreaming implementation framework: Baseline definitions of key concepts andterms. http:\/\/portal.unesco.org\/es\/files\/11483\/10649049699Definitions.doc\/Definitions.doc\r\n[19]. UNESCO (2003). UNESCO\u2019S Gender Mainstreaming Implementation Framework (GMIF) for 2002-2007, Paris, The Section for Women and Gender Equality of the Bureau of Strategic Planning.\r\n[20]. UNICEF (2007), Gender Equality: Glossary of Terms and Concepts, UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia.\r\n[21]. UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction). 2009. UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. Geneva: UNISDR. 30 p. http:\/\/www.preventionweb.net\/files\/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf.\r\n[22]. UNISDR Terminology in Disaster Risk Deduction (2009), Geneva, United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Risk Deduction.\r\n[23]. United Nations (2009), Making Disaster Risk Reduction Gender-Sensitive; Policy and Practical Guidelines, Geneva, UNISDR, UNDP and IUCN.\r\n[24]. United States Agency for International Development (2011), Introduction to Disaster Risk Reduction, USAID Disaster Risk Reduction Training Programme for South and southern Africa.\r\nVISITED WEBSITES\r\n[25]. UNISDR, n.d.: 02- UNISDR Policy on Gender Mainstreaming in Disaster Risk Reduction https:\/\/www.unisdr.org\/files\/42359_unisdrpolicyongender.pdf , 22\/06\/2019.\r\n[26]. http:\/\/www.oxforddictionaries.com\/definition\/english\/disaster, 22\/06\/2019.\r\n[27]. http:\/\/www.odpm.gov.tt\/node\/162 , 22\/06\/2019.\r\n[28]. https:\/\/www.preventionweb.net\/files\/globalplatform\/entry_presentation~microsoftpowerpointrosegenevapresentationf.pdf , 22\/06\/2019.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">W.M.G.N. Panampitiya &#8220;A Review of Importance of Gender Mainstreaming in Disaster Risk Reduction&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.58-63 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/58-63.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/58-63.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-review-of-importance-of-gender-mainstreaming-in-disaster-risk-reduction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Review of Importance of Gender Mainstreaming in Disaster Risk Reduction<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0b5ed4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0b5ed4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0b5fc8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0b5fc8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0b6155\" data-id=\"b0b6155\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0b6293 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0b65b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0b65b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0b6656 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0b6656\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0b67a9\" data-id=\"b0b67a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0b68b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0b68b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0b6955 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0b6955\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0b6ab4\" data-id=\"b0b6ab4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0b6bc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0b6bc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0b6c64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0b6c64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0b6dbb\" data-id=\"b0b6dbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0b6ec0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0b6ec0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0b6f61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0b6f61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0b70a8\" data-id=\"b0b70a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0b71b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0b71b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0b724f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0b724f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0b7396\" data-id=\"b0b7396\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0b749a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0b749a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0b7539 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0b7539\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0b76a4\" data-id=\"b0b76a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0b77b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0b77b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh: Enhancing The Local Government\u2019s Adaptive Capacity Throughout A Participatory Budgeting Process<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abul Kasem Mohammad Muksudul Alam &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 64-78<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0b7851 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0b7851\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bb0f0\" data-id=\"b0bb0f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bb2d2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0bb2d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Due to the geographical location and being a riverine country, it faces various natural disasters. Migration has become an adaptation and survival strategy when natural disasters strike and peoples\u2019 livelihoods are damaged or threatened. Black et al. (2013) predicted that in Bangladesh alone, 26 million people would be likely to be displaced by 2050 as a result of floods and storms induced by climate change. In coastal and river bank regions, poor citizens rely on government support and assistance after losing their livelihoods. The Bangladeshi local government\u2019s lowest tier Union Parishad is closest to the poor and vulnerable people. Union Parishad is the only service delivery institution in Bangladesh where impoverished people can easily access help and support. But historically, the Union Parishad has not provided adequate support to the vulnerable citizens during natural disasters. This research aims to support climate migrants and locally resettled victims of climate change by applying the Union Parishad budgetary intervention. Participatory Budgeting is a very successful method to establish financial democracy. The Brazilian intervention has been widely exported from Latin America all over the globe. This process is exceedingly beneficial to citizens as it requires their participation and involvement in the budget planning and formulation process. Thus, the budget is people-oriented. Since Bangladesh\u2019s budget figures are hidden within unseen documents, the introduction of Participatory Budgeting within the Union Parishad budget cycle will allow the figures to be more transparent. This research paper also reveals how the Participatory Budgeting process will have an active role in reducing climate migration through the efforts of the Union Parishad and its citizen\u2019s active participation. The study attempts to understand this topic and tries to establish Participatory Budgeting in Bangladesh in order to reduce poverty and climate migration.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 64-78\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abul Kasem Mohammad Muksudul Alam<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography, Environment and Population, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ahmed, S. A., Diffenbaugh, N. S. &amp;Hertel Hertel, T. W. 2009. Climate volatility deepens poverty vulnerability in developing countries. Environmental Research Letters, Volume 4, issue 3, UK.\r\n[2]. Agrawala, S., Ota, T., Ahmed, A.U., Smith, J. &amp; Van Aalast, M. 2003. Development and climate change in Bangladesh: focus on coastal flooding and the Sundarbans. OECD, France.\r\n[3]. Ali, Z., Begum, S., Khan, M.N. &amp; Shahabuddin, Q. 2006. Rural Poverty Dynamics 2005\/2006: Evidence from 64-Village Census Plus. Chronic Poverty Research Centre Working Paper.\r\n[4]. Ayers, J.M., Huq, S., Faisal, M.A. &amp; Hussain, T.S. 2014. Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into development: a case study of Bangladesh. Climate and Development.Vol. 6, No. 4, 293 \u2013305. Taylor &amp; Francis. UK.\r\n[5]. Banks, N., Roy, M. &amp; Hulme, D. 2011. Neglecting the urban poor in Bangladesh: research, policy and action in the context of climate change. Environment and Urbanization, 23, 487-502.\r\n[6]. Bardsley, D.K. &amp; Hugo, G.J. 2010. Migration and climate change: Examining thresholds of change to guide effective adaptation decision-making. Population and Environment, 32, 238-262.\r\n[7]. BBS (Bangladesh Bureau Of Statistics). 2015.Prelimanyrepoort on Census of Slum Areas and Floating Population 2014. BBS. Dhaka, Bangladesh.\r\n[8]. Bhatta, G., Aggarwal, P., Poudel, S., Belgraved, D. &amp; Ramsey, D. 2015. Climate-induced migration in South Asia: Migration decisions and the gender dimensions of adverse climatic events. The Journal of Rural and Community Development, 10, 1-23.\r\n[9]. Biswas, A.A, Md. Islam, M.T., Sattar, M.A., Mili, S.N, Jahan, T. 2015. Community Based Risk Assessment of Agriculture Sector in Sreerampur Union of Bangladesh. Journal of Food Security, Vol. 3, No. 5, 125-136.\r\n[10]. Black, R., Kniveton, D. &amp; Schmidt-Verkerk, K. 2013. 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Global Campaign on Urban Governance, 2004. 72 frequently asked questions about participatory budgeting, Nairobi Kenya: Global Campaign on Urban Governance.\r\n[17]. GoB, 2009. Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and action Plan 2009. Ministry of Environment and Forest. Dhaka. Bangladesh\r\n[18]. GoB, 2015. The Study of the Upazila Governance and Development Project in the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh. Final Report. Ministry of Local Government Bangladesh &amp;Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).\r\n[19]. Handmer, J., Honda, Y., Kundzewicz, Z.W., Arnell, N., Benito, G., Hatfield, J., Mohamed, I.F., Peduzzi, P., Wu, S. &amp; Herstyukov, B. 2012. Changes in impacts of climate extremes: human systems and ecosystems. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 231-290.\r\n[20]. Haque, I., Johnson, C. &amp; Chakravarty, A. 2013. 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Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs Background Note: Bangladesh. March 6, 2012. Viewed on 13 August &lt;http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/3452.htm&gt;&gt;.\r\n[44]. Williams,K.R., Gemenne, F. 2016. Organizational Perspectives on Environmental Migration. Routledge, New York.\r\n[45]. World Bank. (2009). Europe &amp; Central Asia Experience Participatory Budgeting a Toolkit for Local Governments in Albania. Retrieved from&lt;http:\/\/siteresources.worldbank.org\/INTALBANIA\/Resources\/PBP_Toolkit_Dec_06_Eng.pdf&gt;.\r\n[46]. World Bank, 2016. World Bank Bangladesh, Country at a Glance. &lt;https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/bangladesh&gt;.Viewed on 26 October 2016.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abul Kasem Mohammad Muksudul Alam &#8220;Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh: Enhancing The Local Government\u2019s Adaptive Capacity Throughout A Participatory Budgeting Process&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.64-78 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/64-78.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/64-78.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" 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Process<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bc200 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0bc200\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bd1c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0bd1c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0bd260 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0bd260\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bd3ad\" data-id=\"b0bd3ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bd4b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0bd4b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0bd555 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0bd555\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bd6b1\" data-id=\"b0bd6b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bd7d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0bd7d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Prevalence Rates of Depression, Hopelessness, Emotional Stability and Suicide among Secondary School Students in Nyamira and Kisii Counties, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Callen Nyamwange, Roselyne Nyamoita &amp; Debora Nyambane &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 79-83<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0bd86c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0bd86c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bd9d7\" data-id=\"b0bd9d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bdbd5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0bdbd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Suicide is a desperate attempt to escape suffering that has become unbearable. Blinded by feelings of self-loathing, hopelessness, and isolation, a suicidal person can\u2019t see any way of finding relief except through death. But despite their desire for the pain to stop, most suicidal people are deeply conflicted about ending their own lives. They wish there was an alternative to suicide, but they just can\u2019t see one. Globally, suicide rates are highest in people aged 70 years and over. In some countries, however, the highest rates are found among the young. Worryingly, suicide is the second leading cause of death in 15-29 year olds globally. Suicide has become a menace in Kenya with rates going high by the day. This study was carried out among the Gusii people of Kenya which targeted secondary school students. The purpose of this study is to establish if students of secondary school have social interactions, friends, peers, relationships and feel burdensome to parents by secondary school students as this are predictors of suicide. The study utilized a qualitative research design and data was collected by use of questionnaires and data was analyzed by use of simple percentages The study revealed that majority of the students 70% of the respondents said that they spend time with friends at home and at school and 21% do not enjoy spending time with family or even with friends whereas 9% remained neutral. On how they feel with their peers 40 (26%) feel comfortable majority 99 (66%) do not like the idea of being with peers. The study gave recommendations based on the findings of what needs to be done to reduce the predictors of suicide.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 79-83\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Callen Nyamwange<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKisii University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Roselyne Nyamoita <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKisii University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Debora Nyambane<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKisii University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. Bertolote J.M (2000) preventing suicide a resource for primary health care workers: Mental and Behavioral Disorders Department of Mental Health World Health Organization Geneva 2000\r\n[2]. CDE (2015) Suicide Policy Brief: Preventing Suicide In Rural America, USA, CDC Stacks\r\n[3]. Gregory.C. (2019)Suicide and Suicide Prevention: Understanding the risk factors, prevention, and what we can do to help, USA\r\n[4]. https:\/\/www.tuko.co.ke\/285125-67-80-people-committed-suicide-kenya-august-2018-men.html#285125\r\n[5]. Lynda Monk. L MSW, RSW Samra. J &amp; RPsych (2018) Working With the Client Who is Suicidal: A Tool for Adult Mental Health and Addiction Services\r\n[6]. MHA (2018) Suicide; No suicide attempt should be dismissed or treated lightly! , Why Do People Attempt Suicide? USA\r\n[7]. NCH (2019) Study finds narrowing gender gap in youth suicides; JAMA Network Open\r\n[8]. Sheikhmoonesi. F&amp; Zarghami. M, ( 2014) Prevention of Physicians\u2019 Suicide: Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2014 Summer; 8(2): 1\u20133.\r\n[9]. Standard digital (2019) Five suicide deaths reported in Central Kenya every day; Mt Kenya Star 13th May 2019 10:00:41 GMT +0300\r\n[10]. WHO ( 2018)UN NEWS: Global Perspective; Human Stories,\r\n[11]. WHO (2012) public health action for the prevention of suicide; WHO Library Cataloguing-in-2019\r\n[12]. WHO (2018) National suicide prevention strategies Progress, examples and indicators: ISBN 978-92-4-151501-6\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Callen Nyamwange, Roselyne Nyamoita &amp; Debora Nyambane &#8220;Prevalence Rates of Depression, Hopelessness, Emotional Stability and Suicide among Secondary School Students in Nyamira and Kisii Counties, Kenya &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.79-83 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/79-83.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/79-83.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/prevalence-rates-of-depression-hopelessness-emotional-stability-and-suicide-among-secondary-school-students-in-nyamira-and-kisii-counties-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prevalence Rates of Depression, Hopelessness, Emotional Stability and Suicide among Secondary School Students in Nyamira and Kisii Counties, Kenya <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bea51 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0bea51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0beb44 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0beb44\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bece2\" data-id=\"b0bece2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bee09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0bee09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0beeb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0beeb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bf009\" data-id=\"b0bf009\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bf128 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0bf128\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0bf1c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0bf1c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bf31b\" data-id=\"b0bf31b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bf42f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0bf42f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0bf4cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0bf4cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bf621\" data-id=\"b0bf621\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bf72b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0bf72b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0bf7c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0bf7c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bf91c\" data-id=\"b0bf91c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bfa32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0bfa32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0bfad1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0bfad1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bfc1a\" data-id=\"b0bfc1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bfd1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0bfd1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0bfdbb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0bfdbb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bff03\" data-id=\"b0bff03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c0012 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c0012\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c00ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c00ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c0211\" data-id=\"b0c0211\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c0e3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c0e3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Use of Learner-Centered Approach and Materials in Teaching and Learning Social Science Subjects in Tanzania Secondary Schools<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Nashir A Kamugisha &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 84-93<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c0f43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c0f43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c1104\" data-id=\"b0c1104\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c1262 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0c1262\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purpose: The main aim of this study was to motivate and raise interest of social science students and teachers in the use of learner centered approach and materials biased in Practical Geography topics, field research techniques in particular. Specifically, the study intended to assess the available challenges on teaching and learning social science subjects with the use of learner centered approach. And then came up with possible solution through designing materials reflecting competence based.\r\nMethodology: Quasi-experimental design was employed. Then, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed during data collection and analysis. The sample of the study included two secondary schools. One as an experimental, which was a boarding school, and the second as controlled which was day school, the two schools were purposively selected.\r\nFindings: The study revealed that the material designed and the approach used in the experimental school motivated the students in learning. Also, indicated that students of the experimental school showed considerable change in performance in the post-test compared to the students of the control school.\r\nUnique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended; the government to consider social science teachers in the programs related to teachers\u2019 professional development and improvement in case of any curriculum reforms. Team teaching should be encouraged so that teachers who are acquainted with the application of learner-centered approach could help those who are not. Furthermore, the study recommended other researchers use lessons from this study to improve teachers\u2019 knowledge and skills on the use of learner-centered approach.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 84-93\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Nashir A Kamugisha <\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer: Muslim University of Morogoro-Tanzania\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adam, J. &amp; Kamuzora, F. (2008). Research Methods for Business and Social Studies. Morogoro: Mzumbe Book Project.\r\n[2]. Chonjo, P. N., Osaki, K. M., Possi, M., &amp; Mrutu, S. (1996). Improving Science Education in Secondary Schools: A situational Analysis of Selected Government Secondary Schools in Tanzania Mainland. Dar es Salaam: MOEC.\r\n[3]. Cohen, L., Manion, L., &amp; Morrison, K. (2004). A Guide to Teaching Practice (5th ed.). Great Britain: St Edmundsbury Press Ltd.\r\n[4]. Edward, M.J. (2005). The teacher Motivation and its Impact on Improving the Quality of Primary Education in Tanzania. UDSM: Unpublished M.A Dissertation.\r\n[5]. Eggen, P. and Kauchack, D. (1997). Educational Psychology: Windows in Classroom (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.\r\n[6]. Enon, J.C. (1998). Education Research, Statistics and Measurement. Department of Distance Education. Kampala: Makerere University.\r\n[7]. Kagi, K.A. (2009). A Study on Girls\u2019 Participation in Science Education in Tanzania: A Focus on the Teaching\/Leaning of Chemistry in Selected Secondary School in Tanga Region. UDSM: Unpublished dissertation.\r\n[8]. Kibga, E.Y.K. (2004). The Role of Practical Assessment in the Teaching and Learning of Physics in O\u2019 level Secondary Schools. UDSM: Unpublished M.Ed. dissertation.\r\n[9]. Kira, E.S. (2007). A Study of Teachers Questioning Techniques in Advanced Level Chemistry Lesson. UDSM; Unpublished M.Ed. dissertation.\r\n[10]. Kitta, S. (2004). Enhancing Mathematics\u2019 Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Skills in Tanzania. Enschede: University of Twente, PhD Thesis.\r\n[11]. Mbunda, F.L. (1992). Developing Pedagogic Structure for Improved Learning in Primary School: The Case of Primary School in Tanzania. Basic Education Resource Center. Kampala: Kampala University.\r\n[12]. Mafumiko, F. (2006). Micro-scale Experiments as a Catalyst for Improving the Chemistry Curriculum in Tanzania. University of Twente, Unpublished PhD thesis.\r\n[13]. McKenney, S. (2001). Computer-Based Support for Science Education Materials Developers in Africa: Exploring Potentials. University of Twente, Unpublished PhD thesis.\r\n[14]. Makene, M.W. (2004). The Effects of Under-funding on Performance of Community Secondary Schools in Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam, Unpublished dissertation.\r\n[15]. Mason, L. (1998). Sharing Cognition to Construct Scientific Knowledge in School context: The Role of Oral and Written Discourse. Instructional Science, 26 (4) 359-387.\r\n[16]. Mlekwa, F.M. (1997), The Teaching of English of English in Tanzania Secondary Schools, University of Dar es Salaam, Unpublished Dissertation.\r\n[17]. Mshashu, B. (2000). The Questions of Quality in Public Secondary Schools: What is to be done? In Galabawa, J. C. J. F., Senkoro., &amp; Lwaitama, A.F. (Eds.). The Quality of Education in Tanzania: Issues and experiences. Dar es Salaam: University of Dar-es Salaam.\r\n[18]. National Examination Council. (2004). Examiners\u2019 Comments on the Performance of Candidates, Dar es Salaam.\r\n[19]. Ndunguru, S. (2002). Geography Methods. Dar es Salaam: Open University of Tanzania.\r\n[20]. Olsen, D. (1999, April). Pedagogy that Promotes Student Thinking in Constructivist Classroom. Paper presented at the annual conference of the American Educational Research Association. Montreal.\r\n[21]. Osaki, K..M. (1999). Science Education in Secondary schools (SESS): Internal Project Evaluation, Commissioned by GTZ, UDSM. Dar es Salaam.\r\n[22]. Osaki, K.M. (2002). Non-graduate teachers Recruitment and Retention: Some Factors Affecting Teacher Effectiveness in Tanzania. Teaching and The teacher Education, 18, 637-652.\r\n[23]. Osaki, K.M. (2007). Science and Mathematics teacher Preparation inTanzania: Lessons from Tteacher Improvement Project in Tanzania: 1965-2006, NUE Journal of International Education Cooperation, 2, 51-64.\r\n[24]. Schneider, R.M., &amp; Krajcik, J. (2002). Supporting Science Teacher Learning: The Role of Educative Curriculum Materials. Journal of Science teacher Learning: The Role of Educative Curriculum Materials. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers 13 (3), 221-245.\r\n[25]. Simengwa, M.L. (2004). Factors Perceived to Cause Low Performance, Drop out and Non Continuation with Further Education: The Case of Tanzanian Private Secondary School, within Military Barracks (PVSSWMB). University of Dar es Salaam: Unpublished M.A, Dissertation.\r\n[26]. Tanzania Institute of Education. (2004). Geography for Secondary Schools Form 5. Dar es Salaam: Ecoprint Ltd\r\n[27]. Tanzania Institute of Education. (1997). Geography A-Level Syllabus. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Education &amp; Culture.\r\n[28]. The Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (1995). Education &amp; Training Policy. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Education &amp; Culture.\r\n[29]. Tilya, F. (2003). The teacher Support for the Use of MBL in Activity-Based Physics Teaching in Tanzania, University of Twente, Unpublished PhD Thesis.\r\n[30]. United Republic of Tanzania. (1995). Education and Training Policy. Dar es Salaam: NPC.\r\n[31]. United Republic of Tanzania (2006). Basic Educational Statistics in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training.\r\n[32]. William, K.F. (2009). Design and Trial of activity-Based Approach and Materials on Acids, Bases and Indicators for Improving Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Tanzanian Secondary Schools. UDSM, Unpublished M.A, Dissertation.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Nashir A Kamugisha &#8220;The Use of Learner-Centered Approach and Materials in Teaching and Learning Social Science Subjects in Tanzania Secondary Schools&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.84-93 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/84-93.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/84-93.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-use-of-learner-centered-approach-and-materials-in-teaching-and-learning-social-science-subjects-in-tanzania-secondary-schools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Use of Learner-Centered Approach and Materials in Teaching and Learning Social Science Subjects in Tanzania Secondary Schools<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c21f0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0c21f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c22eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c22eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c2469\" data-id=\"b0c2469\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c2597 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c2597\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c263d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c263d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c27a4\" data-id=\"b0c27a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c28bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c28bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c296a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c296a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c2ac0\" data-id=\"b0c2ac0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c2bcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c2bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c2c6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c2c6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c2dc0\" data-id=\"b0c2dc0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c2ed5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c2ed5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c2f74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c2f74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c30db\" data-id=\"b0c30db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c31e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c31e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Rhetoric and the Nigerian Education<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Hamza Balarabe Muhammad &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 94-98<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c328b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c328b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c33f7\" data-id=\"b0c33f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c3541 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0c3541\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper was divided into two parts. The first part, deal with the general terms of rhetoric and it purpose, follow by Educational system in Nigeria, like primary, secondary and tertiary institutions, then The relationship between rhetoric and Education and end with the impact and importance of rhetoric as a course of study in the Nigerian Educational system. What students need to know about rhetoric is in many ways what they know already about the way they interact with others and with the world. Teaching the connections between the words they work with in the classroom and the world outside it can challenge and engage students in powerful ways as they find out how much they can use what they know of the available means of rhetoric.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 94-98\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hamza Balarabe Muhammad<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Arabic, UsmanuDanfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. M. F. (2007) TARBIYATUL AULAD FI DAUI KITABU WASSUNNA, Darulsabuni\r\n[2]. Muhammad Bakri, I. (1997) \u2013 Al fiqhulwadiha min kitabiwassunnaalamazahibularba\u2019a \u2013 Darulmafar.\r\n[3]. Muhammad D. L. (2013) \u2013 Al Basid fi ulumulbalaga, alma\u2019aniwalbayanwalbadi\u2019I \u2013 maktabatulasariyya\r\n[4]. Almaragi, A. M. (2014) \u2013 Ulumulbalaga- albayanwalma\u2019aniwalbadi\u2019I \u2013 maktabatulasariyya\r\n[5]. Sharon,C.andHawhee, D.(2004). Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students.3rd Ed. New York: Pearson\/Longman,\r\n[6]. Covino, William A., and David A. Jolliffe. (1995) Rhetoric: Concepts, Definitions, Boundaries.\r\n[7]. Boston: Allyn and Bacon,.Lunsford, Andrea A., John J. Ruszkiewicz, and Keith Walters.\r\n[8]. Everything\u2019s an Argument. 3rd Ed. NewYork: Bedford, St. Martin\u2019s, 2004.\r\n[9]. Mailloux, S. (1989), Rhetorical Power.Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press,\r\n[10]. Brunner, E., &amp; Deluca, K. (2016). The argumentative force of image networks: Greenpeace&#8217;s panmediated global detox campaign. Argumentation and Advocacy,\r\n[11]. Aristotle (2001).Pathos.In Bizzell, P. &amp; Herzberg, B. (Eds.). The rhetorical tradition: Readings from classical times to the present. Boston: Bedford\/St. Martin&#8217;s.\r\n[12]. Jasinski, J. (2001). Pathos. Sourcebook on rhetoric: Key concepts in contemporary rhetorical studies. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.\r\n[13]. Harold, Christine. (2009),On target: Aura, affect, and the rhetoric of &#8220;design democracy&#8221;. Public Culture.\r\n[14]. Rogers, M. (2012). The people, rhetoric, and affect: On the political force of du bois&#8217;s the souls of black folk. American Political Science Review.\r\n[15]. Brunner, E., &amp; Deluca, K. (2016). The argumentative force of image networks: Greenpeace&#8217;s panmediated global detox campaign. Argumentation and Advocacy.\r\n[16]. Murray, J. (2009). Nondiscursive rhetoric: Image and affect in multimodal composition. Ithaca, NY, USA: State University of New York Press.\r\n[17]. Harold, Christine. (2009). On target: Aura, affect, and the rhetoric of &#8220;design democracy&#8221;. Public Culture.\r\n[18]. Pruchnic, J., &amp; Lacey, K. (2011). The future of forgetting: Rhetoric, memory, affect. Rhetoric Society Quarterly.\r\n[19]. Rogers, M. (2012). The people, rhetoric, and affect: On the political force of du bois&#8217;s the souls of black folk. American Political Science Review.\r\n[20]. Brunner, E., &amp; Deluca, K. (2016). The argumentative force of image networks: Greenpeace&#8217;s panmediated global detox campaign. Argumentation and Advocacy.\r\n[21]. Harold, Christine. (2009). On target: Aura, affect, and the rhetoric of &#8220;design democracy&#8221;. Public Culture.\r\n[22]. Pruchnic, J., &amp; Lacey, K. (2011). The future of forgetting: Rhetoric, memory, affect. Rhetoric Society Quarterly.\r\n[23]. Rickert, Thomas. (2013). Ambient Rhetoric: The Attunements of Rhetorical Being. U of Pittsburgh Press.\r\n[24]. Gross, Daniel. (2006). The secret history of emotion: From Aristotle&#8217;s Rhetoric to modern brain science. Berkeley: U of California Press.\r\n[25]. Pruchnic, Jeff and Kim Lacey. &#8220;The Future of Forgetting: Rhetoric, Memory, Affect. &#8220;Rhetoric Society Quarterly&#8221; (2011.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hamza Balarabe Muhammad &#8220;Rhetoric and the Nigerian Education&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.94-98 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/94-98.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/94-98.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/rhetoric-and-the-nigerian-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rhetoric and the Nigerian Education<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c431e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0c431e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c4411 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c4411\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c4596\" data-id=\"b0c4596\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c46c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c46c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c4763 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c4763\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c577d\" data-id=\"b0c577d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c5903 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c5903\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c59cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c59cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c5b43\" data-id=\"b0c5b43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c5c68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c5c68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c5d0c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c5d0c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c5e68\" data-id=\"b0c5e68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c5f74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c5f74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c601d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c601d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c616b\" data-id=\"b0c616b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c6270 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c6270\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c630e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c630e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c6529\" data-id=\"b0c6529\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c6775 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c6775\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teachers Quality Education in Tanzania: The Role of In-Service Training Programme<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Nashir A Kamugisha- August 2019 Page No.: 99-114<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c68b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c68b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c6bbb\" data-id=\"b0c6bbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c6e65 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0c6e65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purpose: This research was about designing an intervention to enhance the quality of Geography teachers in Tanzania. The research was skewed in this topic because teachers\u2019 professional development is often regarded as the key factor to student achievement. With these regards, professional development through in-service training needs to be considered as an important agenda to the country as well as to researchers. The present research captured this demand, through designing the teacher professional development program named as Experience the Lacked Knowledge Content and Pedagogical Skills (EKCPS). The main aim was to provide measures to upgrade teachers\u2019 quality in teaching by experiencing them with their lacked knowledge content and pedagogical skills of practical Geography, so they use competence based approach in their teaching processes.\r\nMethodology: This research employed action research approach. Then, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed during data collection and analysis. In this research, sampling strategies were employed. Purposive non- probability sampling was used, to select the competent experts to participate in evaluating the newly designed EKCPS material. Then, randomly probability sampling was used to select 6 secondary schools out 44 secondary schools in Morogoro Municipality to participate in the workshop training. Afterward, the purposive sampling was used too to select 3 schools from those participated on the workshop training to the final cycle of field testing the designed EKCPS programme material in the classroom setting.\r\nFindings: The study revealed that the material designed and in-service training provided to teachers have positive impact to quality teaching.\r\nUnique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended; the government to consider social science teachers in the programs related to teachers\u2019 professional development and improvement in case of any curriculum reforms. Team teaching should be encouraged so that teachers who are acquainted with the application of learner-centered approach could help those who are not. Furthermore, the study recommended other researchers use lessons from this study to improve teachers\u2019 knowledge and skills on the use of learner-centered approach.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 99-114\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Nashir A Kamugisha<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer: Muslim University of Morogoro-Tanzania\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aminudin, N, A. (2012). the Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of the Impact of Professional Development on Teaching Practice of Primary School. Unitec Institute of Technology-New Zealand: Unpublished M.A Dissertation.\r\n[2]. Buczynski, S., &amp; Hansen, C. B. (2010). Impact of professional development on teacher practice: uncovering connection. Teacher and Teacher Education, 26(3), 599-607.\r\n[3]. Davis, J.R. (1993). Better Teaching, more Learning: Strategies for Success in Post-Secondary Settings. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx.\r\n[4]. Edward, M, J. (2005). The Teacher Motivation and its Impact on Improving the Quality of Primary Education in Tanzania. University of Dar es Salaam: Unpublished M.A Dissertation.\r\n[5]. Hatfield, J., &amp; O-saki, K. (2008). Completion, Retention, and Access for Tanzanians to Education (ACREATE). Dar es Salaam: Agha Khan Foundation.\r\n[6]. Kagi, K.A. (2009). A Research on Girls\u2019 Participation in Science Education in Tanzania: A Focus on the Teaching\/Leaning of Chemistry in Selected Secondary School in Tanga Region. UDSM: Unpublished dissertation.\r\n[7]. Kira, E.S. (2007). A Research of Teachers Questioning Techniques in Advanced Level Chemistry Lesson. University of Dar es Salaam: Unpublished M.Ed. Dissertation.\r\n[8]. Kitta, S. (2004). Enhancing Mathematics\u2019 Pedagogical Knowledge Content and Skills in Tanzania. Enschede: University of Twente, PhD Thesis, PrintPartners Ipskamp: Enschede\r\n[9]. Mafumiko, F. (2006). Micro-scale Experiments as a Catalyst for Improving the Chemistry Curriculum in Tanzania. University of Twente. Published PhD Thesis. Enschede: PrintPartners Ipskamp.\r\n[10]. Kamugisha, N. A. (2012). Learner-Centered Approach and Students\u2019 Performance: A Solution for Developing Countries. Germany: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.\r\n[11]. Nihuka, A.K. (2011). Collaborative Course Design to Support Implementation of E-learning by\r\n[12]. Lekome, B. P. (2007). Professional Development of Primary School Educators through the Developmental Appraisal System. Unpublished M.A Thesis: University of Pretoria\r\n[13]. Mlekwa, F.M. (1997). The Teaching of English in Tanzania Secondary Schools. University of Dar es Salaam: Unpublished Dissertation. Instructors. University of Twente, Published PhD thesis. Enschede: PrintPartners Ipskamp.\r\n[14]. MCEETYA. (2003). A National Framework for Professional Standard for Teaching: Teacher Quality and Education Leadership Taskforce. Austria: Ministerial Council on Education, Employment Training and Youth Affairs\r\n[15]. McTighe, J., &amp; Wiggins, G. (1999). The Understanding by Designing Handbook. USA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development\r\n[16]. Nieeven, N.M. (1997). Computer Support for Curriculum Developers: A study on the Potential of Computer Support in the Domain of Formative Curriculum Evaluation. University of Twente. Published PhD thesis. Enschede: PrintPartners Ipskamp.\r\n[17]. Orchard, P, B, S. (2007). An Examination of Learner-Centered Professional Development for Reluctant Teachers in Columbia, University of Missouri-Columbia, Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation.\r\n[18]. Osaki,K.M. (2002). Non-graduate teachers recruitment and retention: Some factors affecting teacher effectiveness in Tanzania. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18, 637-652.\r\n[19]. Osaki, K.M. (2007). Science and Mathematics teacher preparation in Tanzania: Lessons from teacher improvement project in Tanzania: 1965-2006, NUE Journal of International Education Cooperation, 2, 51-64.\r\n[20]. Robinson, M, K. (2011). Middle School Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of Professional Development Experiences, Western Carolina University: Ph.D. Dissertation.\r\n[21]. Simengwa, M.L. (2004). Factors Perceived to Cause Low Performance, Drop out and Non Continuation with Further Education: The Case of Tanzanian Private Secondary School, within Military Barracks (PVSSWMB). University of Dar es Salaam: Unpublished M.A. Dissertation.\r\n[22]. Tilya, N.F. (2003). Teacher Support for the Use of MBL in Activity-Based Physics Teaching in Tanzania. University of Twente, Published PhD Thesis. Enschede: PrintPartners Ipskamp.\r\n[23]. Tilya, F. &amp; Mafumiko, F. (2010). Compatibility Between Teaching and Competence-Based Curriculum in Tanzania: In Papers in Education and Development, 29, 37-56.\r\n[24]. Thompson, C. (2003, April). First in America special report: Improving student performance through professional development for teachers. Chapel Hill, NC: NC Education Research Council. U.S. Department of Education.\r\n[25]. Trehearn, M, K. (2010). Practicing what we Teach: Effective Professional Development for Educators. College of Saint Mary, UK: Unpublished Dissertation\r\n[26]. United Republic of Tanzania (2010) Education Sector Development Programme; Secondary Education Development Programme II: Dar es Salaam\r\n[27]. United Republic of Tanzania. (2008). The Development of Education: National Report of Education of the United Republic of Tanzania. Dar es salam: MoEVT.\r\n[28]. United Republic of Tanzania. (1995). Education &amp; Training Policy. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Education &amp; Culture.\r\n[29]. William, A.E. (2009). Design and Trial of Activity-Based Approach and Materials on Acids, Bases and Indicators for Improving Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Tanzania Secondary Schools. University of Twente: Unpublished M.A. Dissertation\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Nashir A Kamugisha, &#8220;Teachers Quality Education in Tanzania: The Role of In-Service Training Programme&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.99-114 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/99-114.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/99-114.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teachers-quality-education-in-tanzania-the-role-of-in-service-training-programme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Teachers Quality Education in Tanzania: The Role of In-Service Training Programme<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c85d9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0c85d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c8a70\" data-id=\"b0c8a70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c8ccc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c8ccc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c8e12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c8e12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c90bb\" data-id=\"b0c90bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c92df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c92df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c941e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c941e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c96b7\" data-id=\"b0c96b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c98df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c98df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0c9a36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0c9a36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0c9ce7\" data-id=\"b0c9ce7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c9f0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c9f0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0ca053 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0ca053\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0ca2e3\" data-id=\"b0ca2e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ca51e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0ca51e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0ca686 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0ca686\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0ca955\" data-id=\"b0ca955\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0cadd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0cadd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The History of Qur&#8217;anic Revelation with Particular Reference to the Earliest and the Last Verses to Be Revealed<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Muhammad Kabiru Sabo &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 115-118<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0caf2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0caf2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0cb206\" data-id=\"b0cb206\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0cb46c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0cb46c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper is on the History of revelation reference to the first and the last verses to be reveled in the Holy Qur\u2019an, the paper also discussed various opinions of scholars about the initial revelation end last revelation, thereby expressing the wisdom behind piece &#8211; meal descending of Qur\u2019an, then a conclusion.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 115-118\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Muhammad Kabiru Sabo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ahmad Van. Denffer, (2004) &#8220;Introduction to the Our\/an&#8221;, Sime Journal, U. S. A. p.p\r\n[2]. Bilal Philips, A, (1997), Usool at~ Tafseer, AI-Waseelat Publisher&#8217;s, Lagos, p.p.113-144.\r\n[3]. Manna&#8217;u&#8217; AI-Qaddan, (nd) &#8220;Mubahith Fi Ulum el-Our&#8217;en&#8221; Resalah, Publishers, Beirut Lebanon, P.P 59 &#8216;7&#8217;65.\r\n[4]. Muhsin Khan; (2003) &#8220;The Noble Our\/an&#8221;, King Fahad Complex For Printing of the Holy Qur&#8217;an. Madina Munawwarah.\r\n[5]. Muhammad, B. Isrna&#8217;il, (1999), &#8220;Diraasah fee uloom et-Our&#8217;en&#8221;, Daar al-manaar, Publishers, Egypt, p.p 29-40.\r\n[6]. Yasir, A. A. The History of Tafseer, www.islam.net\/main\/display.php. 25\/14\/2013, p.p 1-6.\r\n[7]. www.qur.anicstudies:com\/qur.an\/thelastverseofthequr.an.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Muhammad Kabiru Sabo &#8220;The History of Qur&#8217;anic Revelation with Particular Reference to the Earliest and the Last Verses to Be Revealed&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.115-118 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/115-118.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/115-118.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-history-of-quranic-revelation-with-particular-reference-to-the-earliest-and-the-last-verses-to-be-revealed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The History of Qur&#8217;anic Revelation with Particular Reference to the Earliest and the Last Verses to Be Revealed<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d1ebd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0d1ebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d1fb4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d1fb4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2142\" data-id=\"b0d2142\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d226c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0d226c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2321 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d2321\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2482\" data-id=\"b0d2482\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d259c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0d259c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2640 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d2640\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2798\" data-id=\"b0d2798\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d28b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0d28b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2952 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d2952\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2aab\" data-id=\"b0d2aab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2bb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0d2bb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2c54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d2c54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2dc0\" data-id=\"b0d2dc0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2ed7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0d2ed7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Implementation of Free Primary Education Policy among the Pastoralists in Kenya\u201d Rhetoric and Reality\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Barmaokipkorir Paul &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 119-132<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d2f75 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d2f75\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d3118\" data-id=\"b0d3118\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d328c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0d328c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Despite various efforts by the government and development partners in ensuring Education for All in Kenya, the participation of pastoralist communities remains a challenge. It is estimated that 104 million children are not enrolled in school or are enrolled but do not complete their course in sub-Sahara (Global Monitoring Report, 2010). This study investigated the sustainability of free primary education policy implementation in West Pokot County. The donor community, nongovernmental organizations, and the Kenyan central government have been using a lot of resources towards this goal. Surprisingly, for many years pastoralist communities have lagged behind in education despite the efforts that have been put in place. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised of head teachers, students, parents and the County Director of Education in West Pokot County. The study involved 401 respondents which comprised of 300 students, 50 head teachers, 50 parents and 1 County Director of Education. Purposive sampling and simple random sampling were used to select respondents. This study adopted the pragmatist philosophical paradigm. Data was coded and analyzed with the help of computer package for social scientists. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics particularly frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. It is hoped that the results of this study provide an insight to the Ministry of Education, county governments, school managers, teachers and parents in West Pokot County, on the measure of emphasis to engage in to ensure a sustainable education policy for all the children of pastoralist communities in Kenya. The study recommends thatthe County Government needs to take a holistic approach to assess and address the needs of pastoralist communities, groups and individuals. Secondly County Governments should strive to put in place quality and quantity of instructional resources, regularly in-servicing teachers to improve their pedagogical skills and economically empower parents. The County Government should formulate policies and strategies that will govern financing of FPE program. Furthermore the County policy makers need to listen to the concerns and opinions of pastoralist .lastly the national government needs to increase the budgetary allocations to the schools in pastoralist counties to improve the quality and quantity of input such as instructional materials and physical infrastructure. Finally, a research of the same kind should be conducted in other Counties with similar pastoralist characteristic.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 119-132\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Barmaokipkorir Paul<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEldoret National Polytechnic , P. o Box 6429-30100, Eldoret Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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(2001).School Participation in Rural India.Review of Development Economics, 5(1), pp. 1-33.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Barmaokipkorir Paul &#8220;Implementation of Free Primary Education Policy among the Pastoralists in Kenya\u201d Rhetoric and Reality\u201d&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.119-132 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/119-132.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d7c82\" data-id=\"b0d7c82\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d7db2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0d7db2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d7e77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d7e77\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d8005\" data-id=\"b0d8005\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d812f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0d812f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d81d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d81d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d832f\" data-id=\"b0d832f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d843a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0d843a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d84e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d84e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d8646\" data-id=\"b0d8646\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d8763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0d8763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d8804 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d8804\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d8a1d\" data-id=\"b0d8a1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d8ba0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0d8ba0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Stance of Islam and Christianity on Gender Equality<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Oluwa Moses Oluwafemi- August 2019 Page No.: 133-138<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0d8c63 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0d8c63\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0d8dd5\" data-id=\"b0d8dd5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d8f0c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0d8f0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this research paper is to examine and explore the stance of Islam and Christianity on gender equality as both religions are the predominant religions in the world. The research work critically explored the posits of the Quran and the Bible on gender equality. The magnitude of misinterpretations and misconceptions of the stance of both religions on gender equality is unimaginable. Certain religious interpretations by some patriarchal fundamentalist have masterminded the discrimination, dehumanization, and marginalization of women across the globe. Clarifying this obnoxious patriarchal-centric interpretation is the primary aim of this research work. A descriptive approach was used in data gathering. The nature of this research also warrants the use of qualitative methodology by exploring available literature that has interrogated issues on religion, gender, and patriarchy as a means of eliciting useful information on the issue under discourse. This research identified that though gender discrimination is rampant in the Islamic states but is not Islamic as it is against the teachings of Prophet Muhammed. Also, in the Western Christian stateswomen are not totally free from gender discrimination as women do not enjoy same right with their men counterparts. The teachings of Jesus as recorded in the bible has restored dignity to women which culture and traditions have equated to a domestic element. The research work concluded that the obnoxious patriarchal fundamentalist interpretations of the holy books are the rationale behind women&#8217;s marginalization, dehumanization and, victimization.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 133-138\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwa Moses Oluwafemi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBA(Hons) History and International Relations, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Afary Janet, (2004). The Human Rights of Middle Eastern &amp; Muslim Women: A Project for the 21st Century. Human Rights Quarterly, volume 26, 10.1353\/hrq.2004.0002\r\n[2]. Alfitri (2012). Legal Reform Project, Access to Justice and Gender Equality in Indonesia\u201d, Indonesian Journal of International Law, Vol. 9, No. 2 (2012):292-308\r\n[3]. Autumn. M (2009) Simone de Beauvoir&#8217;s Phenomenology of Sexual Difference.\r\n[4]. Awde Nicholas (2000) Women in Islam; An Anthology from the Qur\u2019an and Hadith\r\n[5]. Barazangi, N. H. (2004). Woman\u2019s identity and the Qur\u2019an: A new reading. Gainesville,\r\n[6]. Elna Mouton, (2017). New Life from A Pastoral Text of Terror? Gender Perspectives on God and Humanity In 1 Timothy 21. Old and New Testament Stellenbosch University. Ellen Van Source Texts of Judaism And Christianity Radboud University of Nijmegen.\r\n[7]. Emarth, Margareth and Sittler (1970). From Gender Differences and Injustice to Gender Equality and Justice (Gender in Christian Perspective) Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences (2013) Volume 5 No 2, 353-365 FL: University Press of Florida.\r\n[8]. Henlen Chukwuma (2012) Women\u2019s Quest for Rights: African Feminist Theory In Fiction. Forum on Public Policy (Chukwuma, 2012)\r\n[9]. McGuire, M. B. (2002). Religion: The social context (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.\r\n[10]. Mottahari , M (2001). The system of women Rights in Islam, Sadra publications, 2001\r\n[11]. Nyikos Martha (.2008) Gender and good language learners. Lessons from Good Language Learners journal, Indiana University Bloomington\r\n[12]. Pelle Billing (2015). Men in the Pulpit, Women in the Pew?: Addressing Gender Inequality in Africa. Edited by H. Jurgens Hendriks, Elna Mouton, L. D Hansen, Elisabet Le Roux\r\n[13]. Raftari, H and Bahrami, Z (2011) Gender equality according to Islam and feminism. International Conference on Social Science and Humanity IPEDR vol.5 (2011) \u00a9 (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore\r\n[14]. Rosemarie Tong (2009). Feminist Thought a more comprehensive introduction. Westview Press, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 2009.\r\n[15]. The Philosophy of Simone de Beauvoir Hypatia Vol. 14, No. 4,\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oluwa Moses Oluwafemi, &#8220;The Stance of Islam and Christianity on Gender Equality&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.133-138 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/133-138.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/133-138.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-stance-of-islam-and-christianity-on-gender-equality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Stance of Islam and Christianity on Gender Equality<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e1add elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0e1add\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0e1bd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0e1bd1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0e1d7c\" data-id=\"b0e1d7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e1ebe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0e1ebe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0e1f6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0e1f6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0e20b8\" data-id=\"b0e20b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e21e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0e21e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0e2285 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0e2285\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0e23fa\" data-id=\"b0e23fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e2511 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0e2511\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Socio-Cultural Investigation of KAPs on Domestic Waste Disposal System in Sylhet City<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mohammad Mostufa Kamal &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 139-144<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0e25c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0e25c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0e2740\" data-id=\"b0e2740\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e286d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0e286d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Domestic waste disposal system is recognized as an essential issue for environmental purity and pollution, which is related to health and hygiene of city dwellers. Waste generation is increasing in proportion to the rise of population, urbanization, industrialization, and with the change of lifestyle of people. Safe management and disposal of household waste has become critical phenomena of urban dweller for a sustainable and liveable environment. Sylhet city is a part of it, and the diverse local culture and beliefs influence the domestic waste disposal system, which now becomes a challenging issue of the urban environment. This study strives to investigate how the city dwellers dispose the domestic waste through conventional approaches as their existing knowledge, attitudes, and practices with changing context and needs. The researcher administered this study by using the qualitative approach, and data has been collected by applying in-depth interviews, observation, and case study methods. After eliciting data, it has been analyzed as research objectives and then turned it into the theme and concept of domestic waste management system. The findings of the study show that waste management efficacy is strengthened by urban dwellers mental setting that is constructed based on prevalent local and outer influences. The awareness concepts of cleanliness derive from various effective action as well as cultural beliefs and practices.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 139-144\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammad Mostufa Kamal<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]. Afroz, R., Hanaki, K., and Hasegawa, K. (2008). Factors Affecting Waste Generation and Willingness to recycle: A Study in a Waste Management Program in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. FEB Working Paper Series No. 0803, (UNIMAS), pp.1-17\r\n[2]. Ahsan, T., and Zaman, A.U. (2014). Household Waste Management in High-Rise Residential Building in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Users\u2019 perspective, International Journal of Waste Resources, Vol.4, No.1, pp.1-7.\r\n[3]. Banjo, A., Adebambo, A., and Dairo, O. (2009). Inhabitants\u2019 perception on domestic waste disposal in Ijebu Ode, Southwest Nigeria. African Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol.1, No. (3-4), pp.62-66.\r\n[4]. Butu, A. W. and Mshelia, S. S. (2014). Municipal solid waste disposal and environmental issues in kano metropolis, Nigeria. British Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol.2, No.2, pp.10-26.\r\n[5]. Hofny, C. A. (2006). The potential for using composted municipal waste in agriculture: the case of ACCRA, Ghana, Land Degradation and Development, Vol.19, No.2, pp.231\r\n[6]. Idris, A., Inanc, B. and Hasan, M. N. (2004). Overview of waste disposal and landfills\/dumps in Asian countries,\u201d Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, Vol.6, No.2, pp. 104-110.\r\n[7]. Hasan, G.M.J.and Chowdhury,M.A.I. (2005). Municipal waste management and environmental hazards in Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol.8, No.6, pp. 921-928.\r\n[8]. O\u2019rien, M. (2007). A crisis of waste (Understanding the Rubbish Society). Taylor &amp; Francis Group of Informa business, New York, pp. 124-148.\r\n[9]. Pfammatter, R., Schertenleib, R. (1996). Non-governmental refuse collection in low-income urban areas: Lessons learned from selected schemes in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries, Vol.5, pp.117-118.\r\n[10]. Rahman, M. T. (2006). Domestic waste disposal practices of Sylhet city. Journal of Applied Science, Vol.6, No.7, pp.1506-1512.\r\n[11]. Richardson, R. A., and Havlicek, J. (1974). An analysis of seasonal household waste generation. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Vol.6, No.2, pp.143-155.\r\n[12]. Roberts, P., Ibodje, O., and Okerek, G., Chukwunenye, I. (2017). Cultural Beliefs on Waste and the need for Integration into Present Domestic Waste Management: Evidence from Selected Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria, International Journal of social Sciences and management research.Vol.3, No.6, pp.1-12.\r\n[13]. Sand, P. H. (1992). UNCED and the development of international environmental law. Journal of Natural Resources &amp; Environmental Law, Vol.8, pp.209-228.\r\n[14]. Sivakumar, M. and Sugirtharan, J. (2010). Impact of family income and size on per capita solid waste generation: A case study in Manmunai north divisional secretariat division of Batticaloa, Journal of Science university Kelaniya, Vol.5, pp.13-23.\r\n[15]. Tucker, P. (1999). Normative influences in household recycling. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Vol.42, pp.63-82.\r\n[16]. Vining, J. and Ebreo, A. (1990). What makes a recycler? : A compression of Recyclers and Non-Recyclers. Environment and Behavior, Vol.22, No.1, pp.55-73.\r\n[17]. Visvanathan, C. and Trankler, J. (2003). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Asia: A Comparative Analysis. Proceedings of Workshop on Sustainable Landfill Management, pp.3-15.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mohammad Mostufa Kamal &#8220;A Socio-Cultural Investigation of KAPs on Domestic Waste Disposal System in Sylhet City&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.139-144 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/139-144.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/139-144.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-socio-cultural-investigation-of-kaps-on-domestic-waste-disposal-system-in-sylhet-city\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Socio-Cultural Investigation of KAPs on Domestic Waste Disposal System in Sylhet City<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e380a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0e380a\" 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0e3a86\" data-id=\"b0e3a86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e3baa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0e3baa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0e3c53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0e3c53\" 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elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0e3f5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0e40b6\" data-id=\"b0e40b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e41e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0e41e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0e428d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0e428d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0e43e0\" data-id=\"b0e43e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e44f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0e44f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><i>Bim\u2019manga<\/i> (Smocks) for Dagomba Chiefs-Implications for Peace Promotion among Dagombas in Northern Ghana<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Fusheini, M.Z., Adu-Agyem, J.- August 2019 Page No.: 145-153<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0e4595 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0e4595\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0e4711\" data-id=\"b0e4711\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e485f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0e485f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The general purpose of this paper aims at educating modern producers and users of the Dagomba <em>Bim\u2019mangli<\/em> (smock) that the <em>Bim\u2019mangli <\/em>(smock) is the main material culture that identifies chiefs and differentiates them from the ordinary persons. It, therefore, tries to promote peace among chiefs andbetween chiefs and the ordinary persons since misappropriations in dressing in the <em>Bim\u2019mangli<\/em> at social gatherings can trigger conflicts. This study used oral interviews among <em>Bim\u2019mangli<\/em> sewers, weavers and traditional folk historians to bring to bear some typical examples of <em>Bim\u2019manga <\/em>(smocks) that are worn by Dagomba chiefs for their identities. \u00a0It was revealed that Dagomba chiefs have different ranks within the chiefdom and the chiefs are symbolically differentiated among themselves and from ordinary people in social gatherings by the type, colour, number and size of <em>Bim\u2019manga <\/em>(smocks) worn. It also depicted that wearing <em>Bim\u2019manga<\/em> according to one\u2019s personality promote peace since <em>Bim\u2019manga<\/em> communicate the wearer\u2019s personalities to the general public. Lack of knowledge and understanding of the indigenous aesthetics of the Dagomba chiefs\u2019<em>Bim\u2019manga<\/em> may cause some socio-cultural problems that could lead to conflicts. It has, therefore, become imperative to discuss and document the indigenous aesthetics of Dagombachiefs\u2019 <em>Bim\u2019manga<\/em>(smocks) and their implications for peace promotion in Dagbon.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 145-153\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fusheini, M.Z.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nTutor, Department of Vocational\/Technical Skills, Bagabaga College of Education-Tamale, N\/R, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adu-Agyem, J. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenior Lecturer, Former HOD, Department of Educational Innovations in Science and Technology, Faculty of Art and Built Environment, KNUST, Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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The African Anthropologist 10: 39-82.\r\n[11]. Danso, DK 2014, \u2018Selected textiles of Ghana: A philosophical enquiry based on a conceptualist\u2019s view of aesthetics\u2019,PhD thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.\r\n[12]. Tafese, T 2016, \u2018Conflict management through African indigenous institutions: A study of the Anyuaa community\u2019, World Journal of Social Science, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 22-32.\r\n[13]. Asare, IT 2012, \u2018Critical success factors for the revival of the textile sector in Ghana\u2019, International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 307-310, viewed 12 January 2018, &lt; http:\/\/www.ijbssnet.com\/journals\/Vol_3_No_2_Special_Issue_January_2012\/32.pdf&gt;\r\n[14]. 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Africa Today, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 130\u2013135, viewed 9 May 2016, &lt;http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1353\/at.2006.004www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1179\/00404968079361211?journalCode=ytex20\r\n[18]. Cleveland, M, &amp;Laroche, M &amp;Hallab, R 2007, \u2018Acculturation to the global consumer culture: scale development and research paradigm\u2019, Journal of Business Research, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 249\u2013259, viewed 6 February 2019, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2006.11.006\r\n[19]. UNESCO 2013, \u2018Africa: sources and resources for a culture of peace, viewed 30 November 2018, &lt;http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0022\/002255\/225535E.pdf&gt;\r\n[20]. Olanrewaju, IP 2013, \u2018The conceptual analysis of peace and conflict, in K Soremenkum (ed.), Reading in peace and conflict resolution, Ota, Nigeria: Department of political science and international relations, Covenant University, pp. 6-14.\r\n[21]. Tafese, T 2016, \u2018Conflict management through African indigenous institutions: A study of the Anyuaa community\u2019, World Journal of Social Science, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 22-32.\r\n[22]. Mabel, Tajudeen and Fred. 2013. The influence of cultural practices in peace-building process in the Niger Delta Region. Academic Research International 4: 526-536.\r\n[23]. Disele, PLP, Tyler, DJ &amp; Power, EJ c2011, Conserving and sustaining culture through traditional dress, viewed 5 May 2018, &lt;http:\/\/eprints.staffs.ac.uk\/4218\/1\/07%20-%20OSSREA%20-%20JSDA%20Disele%20published%20copy%202011.pdf\r\n[24]. Lilian, M 2011, \u2018The language of dress among the subcultural group of the Zimbabwe people in Masvingo, Zimbabwe, Journal of Engineering Trends in Educational Research Policy Studies (JETERAPS), vol. 2, no. 6, pp.436-442.\r\n[25]. Dawn 2014, Debate: Traditional clothes or western trends? viewed 5 MAY 2018, &lt;https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/884791\r\n[26]. Abioye, L.A (2011),.Issues and themes in traditional festivals as agents of social mobilization: A look at Egungun and Oro festivals\u2019, MCC, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 102-120.\r\n[27]. kinbeleji, TY 2014, \u2018Symbolic values of clothing and textiles art in traditional and contemporary Africa\u2019, International Journal of Development and Sustainability, vol. 3, no.4, pp. 626-641, viewed 8 February 2017, &lt; https:\/\/isdsnet.com\/ijds-v3n4-3.pdf&gt;.&gt;.\r\n[28]. Musah, 2017. Improving collaboration between traditional and local government authorities for development in the Central region of Ghana .Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Coast,https:\/\/erl.ucc.edu.gh\/jspui\/bitstream\/123456789\/3193\/1\/MUSAH%20DANKWAH.pdf.Accessed 20 January 2019.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Fusheini, M.Z., Adu-Agyem, J. &#8220;<i>Bim\u2019manga<\/i> (Smocks) for Dagomba Chiefs-Implications for Peace Promotion among Dagombas in Northern Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.145-153 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/145-153.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/145-153.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/bimmanga-smocks-for-dagomba-chiefs-implications-for-peace-promotion-among-dagombas-in-northern-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i>Bim\u2019manga<\/i> (Smocks) for Dagomba Chiefs-Implications for Peace Promotion among Dagombas in Northern Ghana<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e56c3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0e56c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0ed002 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0ed002\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0ed246\" data-id=\"b0ed246\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ed390 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0ed390\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0ed448 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0ed448\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0ed5aa\" data-id=\"b0ed5aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ed6c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0ed6c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0ed76c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0ed76c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0ed8bf\" data-id=\"b0ed8bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ed9c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0ed9c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0eda6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0eda6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0edbe5\" data-id=\"b0edbe5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0edd18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0edd18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of Overconfidence Bias on Investment Decisions: Mediating Role of Risk Tolerance<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Muhammad Shaukat Malik, Dr. Muhammad Imran Hanif, Muhammad Zohaib Azhar &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 154-160<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0eddba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0eddba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0edf3f\" data-id=\"b0edf3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ee092 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0ee092\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purpose: Investor\u2019s psychology plays an important role in decision making process and actually it is the motive behind this study. The research has been conducted to check the impact of overconfidence bias on investment decisions and how risk tolerance mediates their relationship.\r\nDesign\/Methodology\/Approach: A survey questionnaire was adopted and validated through pilot data (\u03b1 = .911). Convenience sampling was used to select the investors from Islamabad and Lahore stock exchanges. Overall 400 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 283 returns with 70% response rate. A simple regression analysis was done to predict the relationship between the concerned variables using SPSS 23.00.\r\nFindings: The finding of the study indicates that overconfidence biashas a positive relation with investment decisions. Further it is also found that risk tolerance mediates their relationship.\r\nOriginality\/Value: The behavior of investor deviates from making logical or rational decisions and get influenced by overconfidence bias. This bias influences the investor\u2019s rationality in decision making.\r\nLimitations\/Future Research Directions: Limited sample size, the use of less advanced analytical tool, less generalizability and overconfidence biasare certain limitations of current study. For future studies, it is suggested to conduct the longitudinal research along advanced analytical techniques to achieve more rigorous and robust findings.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 154-160\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Muhammad Shaukat Malik <\/strong><\/span>\r\nProfessor and Director, Institute of Banking and Finance, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan- Pakistan\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Muhammad Imran Hanif<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor, Institute of Banking and Finance, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan- Pakistan\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Zohaib Azhar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMS Scholar, Institute of Banking and Finance, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan- Pakistan\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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H., &amp; Haselton, M. G. (2013). The evolution of error: Error management, cognitive constraints, and adaptive decision-making biases. Trends in ecology &amp; evolution, 28(8), 474-481.\r\n[38]. Kahneman, D., &amp; Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica: Journal of the econometric society, 263-291.\r\n[39]. Kallinterakis, V., Munir, N., &amp; Radovic-Markovic, M. (2010). Herd behaviour, illiquidity and extreme market states: Evidence from Banja Luka. Journal of Emerging Market Finance, 9(3), 305-324.\r\n[40]. Kengatharan, L., &amp; Kengatharan, N. (2014). The influence of behavioral factors in making investment decisions and performance: Study on investors of Colombo Stock Exchange, Sri Lanka. Asian Journal of Finance &amp; Accounting, 6(1), 1.\r\n[41]. Khwaja, A. I., &amp; Mian, A. (2005). Do lenders favor politically connected firms? Rent provision in an emerging financial market. The Quarterly journal of economics, 120(4), 1371-1411.\r\n[42]. Kudryavtsev, A., Cohen, G., &amp; Hon-Snir, S. (2013). &#8216;Rational&#8217;or&#8217;Intuitive&#8217;: Are Overconfidence bias Correlated Across Stock Market Investors?\r\n[43]. Kumar, S., &amp; Goyal, N. (2015). Behavioural biases in investment decision making\u2013a systematic literature review. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 7(1), 88-108.\r\n[44]. Kyle, A. S., Ou-Yang, H., &amp; Xiong, W. (2006). Prospect theory and liquidation decisions. Journal of Economic Theory, 129(1), 273-288.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Muhammad Shaukat Malik, Dr. Muhammad Imran Hanif, Muhammad Zohaib Azhar &#8220;The Impact of Overconfidence Bias on Investment Decisions: Mediating Role of Risk Tolerance&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.154-160 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/154-160.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/154-160.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0f0434\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0f058c\" data-id=\"b0f058c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0f0698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0f0698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0f0a4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0f0a4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0f0bbd\" data-id=\"b0f0bbd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0f0cc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0f0cc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation of Geography Teachers\u2019preparedness in Pedagogical Approaches for an Enhanced Instructions in Secondary Schools, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mohamed Moses Muchiri, Iddrisu Bariham &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 161-167<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0f0d6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0f0d6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0f0ed2\" data-id=\"b0f0ed2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0f1009 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b0f1009\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of the study was to investigate the level of preparedness of trained Geography teachers from Universities of Kenya and Diploma Colleges towards participation in pedagogical activities. The study was based on Shulman Lee, 1987, model of knowledge growth in pedagogy. It adopted descriptive cross-sectional survey design. In all, 10 heads of department, 30 Geography teachers and 160 students were drawn from a target population of 691 respondents for the study. Data were collected using questionnaires for Geography Teachers and interview schedules for the Heads of departments to investigate the feeling towards preparedness in pedagogy. An observation checklist was used to investigate the types of teaching and learning resources used in the form (3) and (4) Geography lessons. Descriptive statistics in the form of a percentage, frequencies, tables, and ranks were used to analyse data. Major findings of the study were that, most of University trained Geography teachers feltnot well prepared for classroom difficulties and also faced challenges in the procedure of utilization of instructional technology in the teaching\/ learning process. It was also noted that most of diploma trained teachers had been effectively oriented in pedagogical activities and on the proper procedural use of instructional resources but follow- up mechanism like in-service training was inadequate. Based on research findings, the study recommended all personnel involved in the teacher training programme should be teachers in the profession. They should be qualified teachers especially in student-centred pedagogy and in particular in universities of Kenya if the Ministry of Education has to have competent teachers teaching in secondary schools. Therefore, there is a need to review the existing structures and practices of conducting teacher education. It further recommended, in order to manage emerging probable challenges in particular pedagogical technological issues and use of ICT in teaching and learning of Geography in secondary schools, there is a need to conduct regular in- service for all teachers, research and investing adequately in teacher education.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 161-167\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohamed Moses Muchiri<\/strong><\/span>\r\nM.Ed. Social Studies Student, Department of Education Communication and Technology, School of Education, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iddrisu Bariham<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhD Candidate, Department of Education Communication and Technology, School of Education, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Bosire, E. S. (1995). Proposals for the improvement of Training teachers of English for primary schools in Kenya. Unpublished M. Phil Thesis). Eldoret, Moi University.\r\n[2]. Bariham, I. (2019). Influence of Teachers\u2019 Gender and Age on the Integration of Computer Assisted Instruction in Teaching and Learning of Social Studies among Basic Schools in Tamale Metropolis. Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(2), 52-69.\r\n[3]. Bariham, I., Ayot, H. O., Ondigi, S. R., Kiio, M. N., &amp;Nyamemba, N. P. (2019). An Assessment of Basic Schools Teachers\u2019 Integration of Computer Based Instruction into Social StudiesTeaching in West Mamprusi Municipality; Implications forFurther Development of Computer Based Instruction use in Ghanaian Schools. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 3(5), 2454-6186.\r\n[4]. Jones, V. (1996). Classroom management. Handbook of Research on Teacher Education, 2, 503\u2013521.\r\n[5]. Kafu, Patrick A. (2011). Teacher education in Kenya: Emerging issues. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 1(1), 43\u201352.\r\n[6]. Kafu, Patrick A. (2014). Teacher education and development of quality education in modern Africa. In teacher education and development of quality education in modern Africa (pp. 24\u201337).\r\n[7]. Kafu, Patrick Aclues. (2013). Teacher Education: The Incubator of Science and Technology for Development in Africa. African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 1(1), 1\u201314.\r\n[8]. Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.\r\n[9]. Lattuca, L. R. (2001). Creating interdisciplinary: Interdisciplinary research and teaching among college and university faculty. Vanderbilt University Press.\r\n[10]. Loucks-Horsley, S., Stiles, K. E., Mundry, S. and Hewson, P. W. (2009). Designing professional development for teachers of science and mathematics. Corwin Press.\r\n[11]. Mbugua, Z. K., Kibet, K., Muthaa, G. M. and Nkonke, G. R. (2012). Factors contributing to students\u2019 poor performance in mathematics at Kenya certificate of secondary education in Kenya: A case of Baringo County, Kenya.\r\n[12]. Shulman, L. E. E. S. (2012). Understand\u202f: Knowledge. 15(2), 4\u201314.\r\n[13]. Sifuna, D. N. (1975). Observations on some aspects of non-formal education in Kenya. Education in Eastern Africa, 5(1), 95\u2013102.\r\n[14]. Thomas, B. (2001). Fordham Foundation. (1999). The Teachers We Need and How to Get More of Them.\r\n[15]. Vella, J. (2002). Learning to listen, learning to teach: The power of dialogue in educating adults. John Wiley &amp; Sons.\r\n[16]. Wildavsky, B. (2012). The great brain race: How global universities are reshaping the world (Vol. 64). Princeton University Press.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mohamed Moses Muchiri, Iddrisu Bariham &#8220;Evaluation of Geography Teachers\u2019preparedness in Pedagogical Approaches for an Enhanced Instructions in Secondary Schools, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.161-167 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/161-167.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/161-167.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-geography-teacherspreparedness-in-pedagogical-approaches-for-an-enhanced-instructions-in-secondary-schools-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Evaluation of Geography Teachers\u2019preparedness in Pedagogical Approaches for an Enhanced Instructions in Secondary Schools, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1027d2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1027d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1028c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1028c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b102aa1\" data-id=\"b102aa1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b102be1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b102be1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b102c9a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b102c9a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b102e04\" data-id=\"b102e04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b102f1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b102f1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b102fc0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b102fc0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b103115\" data-id=\"b103115\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b10321d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b10321d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1032c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1032c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b10348a\" data-id=\"b10348a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b103679 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b103679\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b103793 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b103793\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b103a06\" data-id=\"b103a06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b103bf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b103bf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Idea of Resistance by South Africans through the  Fictional Characters in The Heart  of The Country  (1977), and Life and Times of Michael K(1983)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Jihad Jaafar Waham, Dr. Wan Mazlini Othman &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 168-173<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b103d10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b103d10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b106be1\" data-id=\"b106be1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b107144 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b107144\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Survival was their first objective; testing apartheid was their actual point. Apartheid was the Afrikaans word for apartness, which implied racial isolation and segregation authorized by the white minority on the nation&#8217;s dark, hued and Asian people groups. It wasn&#8217;t right and cruel, denying opportunity and hindering and crushing lives. Utilization of the word apartheid on the planet has expanded and diminished, alluding to pretty much whatever means partition. Coetzee has held the activities of modern linguistics-the printed turn in structuralism and post structuralism yet genuinely deals with good and political stress of living in, and with explicit recorded locale, that of contemporary South Africa. Coetzee was a philosophical visionary whose fiction graphically delineated breakup of decision, pragmatist fiction graphically represented breakup of decision, realist subject of colonialism yet who proposed \u2013 based upon whether the conflict has been grounded. Coetzee&#8217;s obviously angled commitment encapsulate their very own motion of resistance, explicitly a resistance to the possibility that writing must enhancement \u2013 as be in thrall to \u2013 a concurred history &#8216;out there&#8217;. Coetzee chips away at the rule that the novel ought not enhance history, however build up a place of contention with it. The play of chronicled powers nor a moral remain in the sweep for a thoughtful response to colonialism and politically-endorsed racial isolation. It is fundamentally thusly, a give examination of forming a role as resistance, creating that in the long run portrays the difference in defeat into generation line.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 168-173\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jihad Jaafar Waham1<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Languages and Communication, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Tanjong Malim Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Wan Mazlini Othman<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenior Lecturer, Faculty of Languages and Communication, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris(UPSI), Tanjong Malim Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ashcroft, B. G. ( 2013). Post-colonial studies: The key concepts. Routledge.\r\n[2]. Attridge, D. (2004). JM Coetzee &amp; the Ethics of Reading: Literature in the event. . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\r\n[3]. Attwell, D. ( 1993). JM Coetzee: South Africa and the politics of writing. Univ of California Press.\r\n[4]. Clark, N. L. (2016). South Africa: The rise and fall of apartheid. Routledge.\r\n[5]. Coetzee, J. M. (1992). Doubling the point: Essays and interviews. Harvard University Press.\r\n[6]. Columpar, C. (2002). &#8220;The gaze as theoretical touchstone: The intersection of film studies, feminist theory, and postcolonial theory.&#8221;. 25-44.\r\n[7]. Dovey, T. (1988). The novels of JM Coetzee: Lacanian allegories. Ad. Donker.\r\n[8]. Duck, L. A. (2004). &#8220;Apartheid Narratives, edited by Nahem Yousaf.&#8221;. London: INTERVENTIONS-LONDON.\r\n[9]. Fischer, B. a. (2011). Heinrich Von Kleist and Modernity (Studies in German Literature, Linguistics, and Culture). Camden House.\r\n[10]. Gready, P. ( 2003). Writing as resistance: life stories of imprisonment, exile, and homecoming from apartheid South Africa. Lexington Books.\r\n[11]. Hayes, P. (2010). JM Coetzee and the novel: writing and politics after Beckett. Oxford University Press.\r\n[12]. Jefferess, D. (2008). Postcolonial resistance: Culture, liberation and transformation. University of Toronto press.\r\n[13]. Jefferess, D. (2008). Postcolonial resistance: Culture, liberation and transformation. University of Toronto press.\r\n[14]. Pei, M. (2010). &#8220;Rights and resistance: The changing contexts of the dissident movement.&#8221; . Chinese Society. Routledge.\r\n[15]. Perry, E. J. (2003). Chinese society: Change, conflict and resistance. Routledge.\r\n[16]. Perry, E. J. (2003). Chinese society: Change, conflict and resistance. Routledge.\r\n[17]. Singh, J. K. (2010). Trauma, resistance, reconstruction in post-1994 South African writing. Peter Lang.\r\n[18]. Zander, H. (1999). Fact-fiction-&#8221; faction&#8221;: a study of black South African literature in English. Gunter Narr Verlag.\r\n[19]. Dubow, Saul. Apartheid, 1948-1994. Oxford University Press, 2014.\r\n[20]. Marais, Michael. &#8220;The Hermeneutics of Empire: Coetzee\u2019s Post-colonial Metafiction.&#8221; Critical Perspectives on JM Coetzee. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1996. 66-81.\r\n[21]. Ryan, Judith. The Novel After Theory. Columbia University Press, 2011.\r\n[22]. Poyner, Jane, ed. JM Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual. Ohio University Press, 2006.\r\n[23]. Warnes, Christopher. &#8220;Engendering the post-apartheid farm novel: Anne Landsman&#8217;s The Devil&#8217;s chimney.&#8221; English Academy Review 21.1 (2004): 51-62.\r\n[24]. Bowman, Norah. &#8220;The nomad as peace machine: nomadism in JM Coetzee&#8217;s Life &amp; times of Michael K and Waiting for the barbarians.&#8221; (2006).\r\n[25]. Singh, Manjeet. &#8220;JM COETZEE\u201f S LIFE AND TIMES OF MICHAEL K: A POLITICAL ALLEGORY OF APARTHEID.&#8221; JOURNAL OF GLOBAL RESEARCH &amp; ANALYSIS 3: 271.\r\n[26]. Wright, Derek. &#8220;Black earth, white myth: Coetzee&#8217;s Michael K.&#8221; MFS Modern Fiction Studies 38.2 (1992): 435-444.\r\n[27]. Hewson, Kelly. &#8220;Making the&#8221; Revolutionary Gesture&#8221;: Nadine Gordimer, JM Coetzee and Some Variations on the Writer&#8217;s Responsibility.&#8221; ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature 19.4 (1988).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jihad Jaafar Waham, Dr. Wan Mazlini Othman &#8220;The Idea of Resistance by South Africans through the  Fictional Characters in The Heart  of The Country  (1977), and Life and Times of Michael K(1983)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.168-173 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/168-173.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/168-173.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-idea-of-resistance-by-black-south-africans-through-the-fictional-characters-in-the-heart-of-the-country-1977-life-and-times-of-michael-k-1983\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Idea of Resistance by South Africans through the  Fictional Characters in The Heart  of The Country  (1977), and Life and Times of Michael K(1983)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b108834 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b108834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-b10956a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b10956a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b109614 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b109614\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b10975c\" data-id=\"b10975c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b109890 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b109890\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b109938 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b109938\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b109ab0\" data-id=\"b109ab0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b109bbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b109bbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Job Rotation on Staff Motivation: A Study of Senior Staff in the Registrar\u2019s Department of the College of Technology Education, Kumasi<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Akua Ahyia Adu-Oppong, Debora Dufie Tabiri, Richard Kwadwo Mprah &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 174-182<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b109c79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b109c79\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b109ddd\" data-id=\"b109ddd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b109f0b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b109f0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the perception of administrative staff on job rotation on senior staff in the Registrar\u2019s department of a satellite campus of a multi-campus public university in Ghana. The research was to find out why some senior staff in the registrar\u2019s department were reluctant to change to a new department after job rotation whilst others willingly agreed. The study adopted a descriptive study design. The stratified sampling technique was used to select respondents from the Registrar\u2019s Department. The study found that staff job rotation was perceived to be enhancing the effectiveness of senior staff in the registrar\u2019s department, and maintaining balance in staff strength among departments. Respondents also perceived that job rotation helped to maintain balance in staff quality among departments. The study found that the perception of senior staff in the Registrar\u2019s department on job rotation influenced their drive to work.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 174-182\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akua Ahyia Adu-Oppong<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCentre for Competency-Based Training and Research, College of Technology Education, Kumasi- University of Education, Winneba, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Debora Dufie Tabiri<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Operations, College of Technology Education, Kumasi- University of Education, Winneba, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Richard Kwadwo Mprah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Resource, College of Technology Education, Kumasi- University of Education, Winneba, Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Armstrong, M. (2006). Motivation. Handbook Human Resource Management. Practice. pp. 253-254.\r\n[2]. Armstrong, M. &amp; Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong\u2019s Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (Eleventh ed). London; Philadelphia: Kogan Page.\r\n[3]. Atambo, W. N. &amp; Ayaga, L. K. (2016). The impact of motivation on employee performance: A case study of health workers at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2 (5).\r\n[4]. Adentwi K. I., Archer F. K., Sam F. K. (2008). Educational Management &amp; School Administration. Ebens Press, Kumasi.\r\n[5]. Baro, E. E. (2012). Job rotation program evaluation: the Niger Delta University Library. Aslib Proceedings, 64(4), 388\u2013404\r\n[6]. Campion M. A., Cheraskin L., Stevens M. J. (1994). Career-Related Antecedents and Outcomes of Job Rotation. Academic Management Journal, 37(6): 1518-1542.\r\n[7]. Creswell, J. W. (2003). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New Jersey: Pearson Education.\r\n[8]. Dessler, G. &amp; Varkkey, B. (2009). Training and development. Human Resource Management. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd, Pp. 304\r\n[9]. Malinski RM (2002). Job rotation in an academic library: damned if you do and damned if you don\u2019t. Library Trends, 50(4): 673-80.\r\n[10]. Mohsan, F. (2012). Impact of Job Rotation on Employee Motivation, Commitment and Job Involvement in banking sector of Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 6, 7114-7119\r\n\r\n[11]. Mohan, K., &amp; Gomathi, S. (2015). The Effects of Job Rotation Practices on Employee Development: An Empirical Study on Nurses in the Hospitals of Vellore District. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences.\r\n[12]. Sanali, S., Bahron, A. &amp; Dousin, O. (2013). Job rotation practices, stress and motivation: An empirical study among administrative and diplomatic officers(ADO) in Sabah, Malaysia. International Journal of Research in Management &amp; Technology, 160\u2013166.\r\n[13]. Saravani,S. R. &amp; Abbasi, B.(2013). Investigating the influence of job rotation on performance by considering skill variation and job satisfaction of bank employees. TechnicalGazette, 20(3),473-478.\r\n[14]. Tarus, B. K. (2014). Effects of Job Rotation Strategy on High Performance Workplace, in Lake Victoria North Water Services Board, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(11).\r\n[15]. Tomar, A., &amp; Sharma, S. (2013). Motivation as a tool for effective staff productivity in the public &amp; private organization. Journal of Indian Research, 122.\r\n[16]. Zubair Z. R. (2005). What Motivates employees in Pakistani Organisation: An In-depth Study of Preferred Motivators. Karachi, Pakistan, Pakistan Institute of Management.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Akua Ahyia Adu-Oppong, Debora Dufie Tabiri, Richard Kwadwo Mprah &#8220;Impact of Job Rotation on Staff Motivation: A Study of Senior Staff in the Registrar\u2019s Department of the College of Technology Education, Kumasi&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.174-182 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/174-182.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/174-182.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-job-rotation-on-staff-motivation-a-study-of-senior-staff-in-the-registrars-department-of-the-college-of-technology-education-kumasi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Job Rotation on Staff Motivation: A Study of Senior Staff in the Registrar\u2019s Department of the College of Technology Education, Kumasi<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b121a5e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b121a5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1222f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1222f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b12255a\" data-id=\"b12255a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b122743 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b122c94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b122c94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b122da7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b122da7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b123003\" data-id=\"b123003\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1231e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1231e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1232ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1232ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b123469\" data-id=\"b123469\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b123588 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b123588\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Ethical Dimension in Educational Research: A Dilemma?<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Paul Makocho &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 183-190<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b12946a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b12946a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1296d7\" data-id=\"b1296d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b12986a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b12986a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper provides a landscape of some of the main ethical concerns in educational research. The review argues that the ethical procedures not context-free but are dictated by considerable contextual judgement by the researcher. The paper therefore highlights some of the ethical dilemmas inevitably encountered when one intends to enact educational research on one hand, and reflects on some of the possible strategies to circumvent the ethical challenges, on the other. In discussing these strategies, I have illustrated that the achievement of a utopia of a fully ethical educational research is not only controversial but also an unresolved matter.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 183-190\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Paul Makocho<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMalawi University of Science and Technology, Malawi\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Bristol: Policy press.\r\n[40]. Goodenough, T.; Williamson, E.; Kent, J. and Ashcroft, R. (2004). Ethical protection in research: including children in the debate. In Smyth, M. &amp; Williamson, E. (Eds.) Researchers and their `Subjects\u2019: Ethics, Power, Knowledge and Consent. Bristol. Policy Press.\r\n[41]. Smyth, M. (2004). Using participative action research with war-affected populations: lessons from research in Northern Ireland and South Africa. In: Smyth, M. and Williamson, E. (Eds.). Researchers and their `subjects\u2019: ethics, power, knowledge and consent. Bristol: Policy press. Sociological Imagination. London. Routledge.\r\n[42]. Govil, P. (2013). Ethical Considerations in Educational Research. International journal of advancement in education and social sciences, 1, 2:17-22.\r\n[43]. Banegas, D.L. (2015). A look at ethical issues in action research in Education. Agentinian journal of applied linguistics, 3, 1:58-67.\r\n[44]. Aderson, P. (2004). Ethics. In: Fraser, S; Lewis,V.; Kellet, M.; Ding,S.; and Robinson, D. (Eds.).Doing research with children and young people. London. Sage\r\n[45]. Langston, A.; Abbolt, L.; Lewis, V. &amp; Kellett, M. (2004). Early childhood. In: Fraser, S.; Lewis, V.; Ding, S.; Abbott, L.; Lewis, V. &amp; Kellett, M. and Robinson, C. (Eds.) Doing Research with Children and Young People. London. Sage.\r\n[46]. Rodgers, J (1999). Trying to get it right: undertaking research involving people with learningdifficulties.Disability and Society, 14, 4: 1-33.\r\n[47]. Mulhall, A. (2003). In the field: notes on observations in qualitive research. Journal of advanced nursing. 41, 3: 306-313.\r\n[48]. Punch, M. (1998). Politics and ethics in qualitative research. In: Denzin, N. and Lincoln, Y. (Eds.). The landscape of qualitative research. Sage. London.\r\n[49]. Homan, R. and Bulmer, M. (1982). On the merits of covert methods: a dialogue. In: Bulmer, M. (Ed). Social researcher ethics. London. Macmillan press.\r\n[50]. 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American sychologist, 53, 805-806.\r\n[59]. Weiss, D.J. (2001). Deception by researchers is necessary and not necessarily evil. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 431-432.\r\n[60]. Festinger, L. and Katz, D. (1966). Researcher methods in the behavioral sciences. New York. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.\r\n[61]. Aronson, E. and Carlsmith, J.M. (1969). Experimentation in social psychology. In: G. Lindzey, and Aronson, E. (Eds.). The handbook of social psychology, Vol.2. Reading, M.A.: Addison-Wesley.\r\n[62]. Ginsburg, G.P. (1978). Role playing and role performance in social psychological research. In: Brenner, M.; Marsh, P. and Brenner, M. (Eds.). The social contexts of method. London. Croom Helm.\r\n[63]. Grinyer, A. (2002). The anonymity of research participants: assumptions, ethics and practicalities. Social research update,issue 36, Department of sociology, University of Surrey.\r\n[64]. Health, S. &amp; Cleaver, E. (2004). Mapping the spatial in shared household life: a missed opportunity? In: Kowles, C. &amp; Sweetman, P. Picturing the social Landscape: Visual methods and the sociological imagination. London. Routledge.\r\n[65]. Kelly, A. (1989a). Education or indoctrination? The ethics of school-based action research. In R. G. Burgess (Ed.). The ethics of educational research. New York. The Farmer Press.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Paul Makocho &#8220;The Ethical Dimension in Educational Research: A Dilemma?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.183-190 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/183-190.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" 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(HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-ethical-dimension-in-educational-research-a-dilemma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Ethical Dimension in Educational Research: A Dilemma?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b12a7c5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b12a7c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b12b0d1\" data-id=\"b12b0d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b12b1e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b12b1e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b12b283 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b12b283\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b12b3d8\" data-id=\"b12b3d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b12b4e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b12b4e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b12b585 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b12b585\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b12b6ed\" data-id=\"b12b6ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b12b7f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b12b7f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impacts of Introducing Biometric Verification Numbers in the Banking Sector of Nigeria: A Critical Analysis<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Chief Ajugwe, Chukwu Alphonsus PhD. &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 191-197<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b12b894 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b12b894\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b12b9ff\" data-id=\"b12b9ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b12bb39 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b12bb39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">One of the core mandates of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is to promote a sound financial system in Nigeria, to this end; CBN is making consistent and well-focused policy thrusts to deepen and broaden financial system through ensuring a safety, efficient, and effective payment system. However, in performing this important task the CBN is confronted with many challenges which bedevil the banking system, more especially in the area of insider related frauds and other external ones; these have cost the banking industry billions of Naira. These fraudulent activities were exacerbated with the emergency of Information technology that revolutionaries the banking industry and ushered in electronic banking (e-banking) and electronic payment systems(e-payment) which have reduced the cost of banking transactions and increased the speed and the efficiency of transfer of funds and making payments.\r\nIt is germane to mention that e-payment has brought in a hydra-headed problem in the form of cyber related crimes. And one of the CBN initiatives to tackle this problem is the introduction of Biometric Verification Number (BVN) which will be effective parameter to alleviate the problem of cybercrimes in the banking landscape.\r\nThe paper will highlight different measures introduced in the banking sector by CBN through circular policy statements and directives to the banks with the aim to reduce to the barest minimum fraudulent activities in the banking sector, then analyze the positive impacts of BVN on the sector, the challenges being faced to implement the policies, furthermore to incisively pinpoint some of the strategic weapons deployed by CBN and other stakeholders to tackle the challenges.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 191-197\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chief Ajugwe, Chukwu Alphonsus PhD.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAjugwe Chukwu Associates\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Bamadele, A (2005) \u201cThe Imperative of E-Banking for Monetary Policy in Nigeria\u201d Central Bank of Nigeria Economic and Financial Review. (Volume 43, March 2005),\r\n[2]. Babajide Komolege \u201cBiometric Verification Number: Reality and Benefits\u201d Vanguard December1, 2018. www.vangurd.com.\r\n[3]. Bank Intermediation in Nigeria: Growth, Competition, and Performance of the Banking Industry, 1990-2010. Research Department, Central Bank of Nigeria Occasional Paper, Number 48, November 2013, page 36.\r\n[4]. \u201cBiometric Overview\u201d Biometric cse.msu.edu. September 6, 2007. Retrieve 2012-06-10.\r\n[5]. \u201cDevelopment in the Payment System\u201d Bullion Publication by Central Bank of Nigeria Volume (1-40) 1976 -2016.\r\n[6]. Diamond, D.W and Philip H. Dgbvig \u201cBank Runs, Deposits Insurance and Liquidity\u201d the Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 91. No 3, (June 1983) pp401-419.\r\n[7]. Jain. A.K. Bollie, R. Pankent, S. \u201cBiometric Personal Identification in Networked Society\u201d Kluwar Academic Publication ISBN 878-7923-8345-1.\r\n[8]. Mohammed Shahnewaz (2016) M2SYS (blog) http11www.2sys.com\/blog\/workforce-management.\r\n[9]. Mustafa Erden (SESTEK.BLOG). www.sestek 2016\r\n[10]. Panel NdukaEluhalwe. \u201cHow Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Can Leveage on Central Bank of Nigeria\u2019s Real Sector Initiatives\u201d Bullion Publication of CBN Vol. 40 No.2 April \u2013 June 2016.\r\n[11]. ProffessorChukwuma C. Soludo, \u201cStrategic Agenda for Naira\u201d being speech delivered on August 14, 2007.\r\n[12]. RamayaRaju (2014)- a freelancer M2sys\/ (blog)\/ \u201cBiometric Hardware\/Advantages\u201d.\r\n[13]. R. Palaniapan \u201cElectroencephalogen signals from Imaged Activities: A Novel Biometric Identity for Small population \u201cpublished in E. Corchado et. al. (ed.) Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated learning \u2013 IDEAL2006, lecture notes in computer science vol 4224.\r\n[14]. SANS Institute (2003) goggle.\r\n[15]. \u201cThe History of Fingerprints \u201c (http:11.com\/fp\/fphistory.html)\r\n[16]. \u201cWhat is Biometric \u201c (http\/\/biometric cse. Msy.edu\/info\/index.http. Biometric Research Group. Michigan State University (retrieved November 10, 2017.)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chief Ajugwe, Chukwu Alphonsus PhD. &#8220;The Impacts of Introducing Biometric Verification Numbers in the Banking Sector of Nigeria: A Critical Analysis&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.191-197 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/191-197.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/191-197.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impacts-of-introducing-biometric-verification-numbers-in-the-banking-sector-of-nigeria-a-critical-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Impacts of Introducing Biometric Verification Numbers in the Banking Sector of Nigeria: A Critical Analysis<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1348a4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1348a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b13499d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b13499d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b134b21\" data-id=\"b134b21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b134c51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b134c51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b134cf3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b134cf3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b134e4a\" data-id=\"b134e4a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b134f5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b134f5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b134ffe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b134ffe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b135171\" data-id=\"b135171\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b13528d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b13528d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Development of Tourism in Emerging Economies: A Literature Review\r\n<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>S. Damayanthi Edirisinghe &amp; S.D.K. Kulathunga &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 198-208<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b135332 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b135332\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b135495\" data-id=\"b135495\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1355be elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1355be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Tourism is believed that one of the most rapidly emergent fields in the world. By this study, it is expected to contribute to the body of knowledge ensuring the sustainability of any venture in relation to tourism. Through this paper, researchers try to examine how the tourism industry impacted the emerging economies in the world. Tourism can be pointed out considering two aspects as the role of tourism as a foreign exchange earner and employment provider for communities. In this study, it was considered a tourism implication for the community. By 1960s, many peripheral tourist destinations were subject to socio-economic and cultural changes of which some are beneficial but some are not. The main focus of this study is to do a critical inquiryabout the scholarly views, extracted information from useful sources such as definitions, concepts, keywords, and theories related to socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with tourism. These various experiences have turned the world tourism industry to a key position shaped by many factors. And in this investigation researchers have tried to gather the scholarly views to a certain place as to facilities other researchers to re-think the industry development in the journey of sustainable tourism development<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 198-208\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S. Damayanthi Edirisinghe* <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Commerce &amp; Management Studies,University of Kelaniya ,Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S.D.K. Kulathunga <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Commerce &amp; Management Studies,University of Kelaniya ,Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ahmed, S. (1986). Understanding Residents Reaction to Tourism Marketing Strategies. Journal of Tourism Research, 25, pp. 13-18.\r\n[2]. Ahammed, S. S. (2010). Impact to Tourism in Cox\u2019s Bazar. Bangladesh, Master\u2019s thesis in Public Policy and Governance Program Dept. of General and Continuing Education, North South University, Bangladesh.\r\n[3]. Akis, S., Peristianis, N., Warner, J. (1996). Residents\u2019 Attitudes to Tourism Development: The Case of Cyprus. Tourism Management, 17 (7), pp. 481-494.\r\n[4]. Ali, B. (2013). Socio-economic Impacts of Tourism Development\u202f: An Empirical Study on Cox \u2019 s Bazar, 1(4), 205\u2013211.\r\n[5]. Ap, J., &amp; Crompton, J. (1998). Developing and Testing a Tourism Impact Scale. Journal of Travel Research, 37 (2), pp. 120 \u2013 130.\r\n[6]. Aref, F. and Redzuan, M., (2009), \u2018Community Capacity Building for Tourism Development\u2019, Journal of Human Ecology, 27 (1), pp. 22.\r\n[7]. Arnstein, R. S. (1969). Eight Rungs on The Ladder of Citizen Participation. In S.\r\n[8]. E. Cahn, &amp; A. B. Passett, Citizen Participation: Ewecting Community Change, pp. 69-91. New York: Praeger Publishers.\r\n[9]. Area, L. G., &amp; State, E. D. O. (2014). Evaluation of the Impacts of Tourism on the Physical and Socio-Economic Environment of Oredo Local Government Area , Edo State , Nigeria, 2, 282\u2013294.\r\n[10]. Ayres, J., &amp; Potter, H. (1989). Attitudes Toward Community Change: A Comparison Between Rural Leaders and Residents. Journal of the Community Development Society, 20(1), pp. 1-18.\r\n[11]. Bastias-Perez, P., &amp;Var, T. (1993). Perceived Impact of Tourism by Residents. Annals of Tourism Research, 22 (1), pp. 208\u2013209.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">S. Damayanthi Edirisinghe &amp; S.D.K. Kulathunga &#8220;Development of Tourism in Emerging Economies: A Literature Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.198-208 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/198-208.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/198-208.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/development-of-tourism-in-emerging-economies-a-literature-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Development of Tourism in Emerging Economies: A Literature Review<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b136a39 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b136a39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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Dinye, G. Lambon &amp; B. Amoateng &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 209-217<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b137559 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b137559\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b137c01\" data-id=\"b137c01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b137f4a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b137f4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In spite of the strides of many countries towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end hunger, achieve food security and promote sustainable agriculture; the problem of food security still persists in sub-Saharan Africa. Food security is compounded by high food prices, natural disasters, and may even be further exacerbated by global increase in demand for food, fodder and bioenergy crops, climatic variability as well as the depletion of natural resources. Using a mixed-method approach this paper assesses the role of Non-Governmental Organisations towards attaining food security in the Tolon District of the Northern Region of Ghana. The findings suggest that while there have been conscious efforts by NGOs in relation to food security they do not align to the perceived problems of food security of the farmers. As a result, there is a problem with regards to community ownership of projects, leading to the unsustainability of these projects. It is recommended that NGOs and the local government should work together to streamline projects and interventions to the specific needs of the people.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 209-217\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>I. Dinye <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCentre for Settlement Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi- Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>G. Lambon <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCentre for Settlement Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi- Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>B. Amoateng<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCentre for Settlement Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi- Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Akanle, O, Adesina, J (2018). The Development of Africa: Issues, Diagnoses and Prognoses\r\n[2]. Apwah, F (2014). Emerging threats to food security among rural households in the Kassena-Nankana municipality. Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi.\r\n[3]. Ashley, J (2016). Food Security in the Developing World. 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Opportunity Investment Ghana: Maize, Soya and Rice Production and Processing, MiDA, Accra, Ghana.\r\n[37]. MoFA (2016). Ministry of Food and Agriculture: Agric facts and figures (2016)\r\n[38]. MoFA. (2015). Ministry of Food and Agriculture: Northern Region Agricultural Development Unit, July 2015.\r\n[39]. MoFA (2011). Agriculture in Ghana: Facts and Figures (2010). Statistics, Research and Information Directorate, Accra, Ghana.\r\n[40]. Mukasa, S. (2002). Are Expatriate staff necessary in international development NGOs?, A case study of an international NGO in Uganda, Publication of the Centre for Civil Society at London School of Economics, pp 11-13\r\n[41]. Muro, D. and Burch, F. (2012). A human development and capability approach to food security: conceptual framework and information basis, 2012-9.\r\n[42]. Nkegbe, P.K, Abu, B.M, Issahaku, H, (2017). Food security in the Savannah Accelerated Development Authority Zone of Ghana: an ordered probit with household hunger scale approach.\r\n[43]. Oduro-Ofori, E., Aboagye A.P. and Acquaye N.A.E. (2014). Effects of Education on the Agricultural Productivity of Farmers in the Offinso Municipality. International Journal of Development Research Vol. 4, Issue, 9, pp. 1951-1960, September 2014\r\n[44]. Owusu, V., Abdulai, A., Abdul-Rahman, S., (2011). Non-farm work and food security among farm households in Northern Ghana. Food policy, 36(2)\r\n[45]. Pingali, A. and Sutton, J. (2005) \u201cFood Security in Complex Emergencies\u201d Oxford University Press. UK.\r\n[46]. Reibaldi, G., &amp; Grimard, M. (2015). Non-governmental organizations importance and future\r\nrole in space exploration. Acta Astronautica, (114), 130-137.\r\n[47]. Sasson, A. Food security for Africa: an urgent global challenge.\r\n[48]. Sabila, S.G (2014). Factors that influence food security in rural households of Mount Elgon sub-county, Kenya. A research project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of master of arts in Project Planning and Management.\r\n[49]. Shalmani, A., Zhou, D., Shah, T., Ali, S., Ahmad, W., Bahar, I. &amp; Ilyas, A. (2017). Factors affecting household food security in rural northern hinterland of Pakistan. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 18. 10.1016\/j.jssas.2017.05.003.\r\n[50]. Sharma, P. (2012). Performance measurement in NGOs. The Management Accountant, 1442- 1445\r\n[51]. SOFA Team and Cheryl Doss (2011). The role of women in agriculture. Agricultural Development Economics Division. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ESA Working Paper No. 11-02 March 2011\r\n[52]. Statistics, Research and Information Directorate (2012). Annual Review Report. MOFA, Tamale, Ghana\r\n[53]. Sava\u015f, H. &amp; Karaka\u015f, Z. (2019). An Investigation into Service Performance Measurement of Non-Governmental Organizations, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 18(3), 1143-1159.\r\n[54]. Susanna, LC, Zoraida GF. (2005). Gender and land rights: findings from country studies, Gender and natural resource management, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 2005.\r\n[55]. Tolon-Kumbungu District Assembly (2010). District Medium Term Development Plan. Tolon-Kumbungu District Assembly, Tolon, Ghana.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">I. Dinye, G. Lambon &amp; B. Amoateng &#8220;Non-Governmental Organisations and the Attainment of Food Security in Developing Countries: A Study of the Tolon District in Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.209-217 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/209-217.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/209-217.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/non-governmental-organisations-and-the-attainment-of-food-security-in-developing-countries-a-study-of-the-tolon-district-in-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Non-Governmental Organisations and the Attainment of Food Security in Developing Countries: A Study of the Tolon District in Ghana<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b13a76d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b13a76d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b13a85a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b13a85a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b13a9f9\" data-id=\"b13a9f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b13ab2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b13ab2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b13abd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b13abd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b13ad34\" data-id=\"b13ad34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b13ae44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b13ae44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b13aeea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b13aeea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b13b04b\" data-id=\"b13b04b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b13b15e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b13b15e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluating Factors Affecting Sustainable Rural Industrialisation in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Olusola Oladapo MAKINDE, Olubukunmi Temitope MAKINDE &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 218-228<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b13b1fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b13b1fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b13b373\" data-id=\"b13b373\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b13b49f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b13b49f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Rural industrialisation practice, so far, lacks a comprehensive view of factors militating against rural; development, industrialisation and challenges. This study therefore evaluates the factors affecting rural industrialisation in Nigeria with a view to enhance it development. It looked at the problems and factors responsible for failure of rural industrialisation in Nigeria and analysed technical hitches of industrial development administration. The study also examined the effects of factors of identity, modernity, innovation social protection, shocks and vulnerability and sustainability on rural industrialisation and factors for industrial undertakings in rural area in Nigeria. It looked at industries in the homeland and consequences of industrialization on the home and the host regions. The study suggested measures of acceleration and sustainable rural industrialisation in Nigeria that include: improving incentives and services; investment in infrastructure, new management techniques, new technologies; good governance, human resources, and research and extension; and private sector service delivery; activation of credit, capital and land markets, development of industrial clusters and growth points, and to support urban links, stronger social protection; conflict resolution and management.\r\nThe study made recommendations and concluded that in these circumstances, if new technology is to contribute to rural industrialisation, it must meet three challenges, and these include: identifying the most efficient mechanisms for providing information to people; setting technology development policies that distinguish among different types of rural household; and identifying a clear mandate and sustainable support for public research.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 218-228\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olusola Oladapo MAKINDE<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olubukunmi Temitope MAKINDE<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aguda, A. (1991). Rural Industries, Some Characteristics of the WorkForce and the Effect on Rural Development, Case Study fromKwara and Ondo States, Nigeria: ODU Vol.38 pp.173.\r\n[2]. Atakilte B, 2002. Land Tenure Institutions and the smallholder-farming systems: Challenges for agricultural development. Paper prepared for the 1st International Conference onthe Ethiopian Economy, Chamber of Commerce (AACC), 5-7 January 2003, Addis Abeba. Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Department of Rural DevelopmentStudies, Uppsala, 23 pages http:\/\/www.addischamber.com\/downloads\/docs1\/14.doc(accessed on 18th March 2005)\r\n[3]. Ayyar, P. (2011). Rural Industrialization \u2013 A Historical Perspective;http:\/\/ayyar.hubpages.com\/hub\/Historicaruralindustrializationa; Updated on August 9, 2011\r\n[4]. Barnett, A.(2004): From \u2018Research\u2019 to Poverty Reducing \u2018Innovation\u2019;Sussex Research Associates Ltd. Brighton.\r\n[5]. Brundtland, G. H.(1987). Our common future; World Commission on Environment and Development:Oxford University Press.\r\n[6]. Green, L. P. (1971). Urban and Regional Planning in Nigeria: (NISERIbadan 1971) pp. 7-8.\r\n[7]. Hall, A.(2004). Comment in DFID agriculture consultation (dfid-agricultureconsultation.nri.org 22.7.2005)\r\n[8]. Harriss, J.(1992). Rural Development: Edited by John Harriss, Routtedge, London http:\/\/www.cde.unibe.ch\/CDE\/pdf\/Challenges-Ethiopia_komprimiert-07-03-07.pdf\r\n[9]. Hurni, H.(2007) Challenges for sustainable rural development in Ethiopia; The Faculty of Technology \/ Addis Abeba University Engineering Capacity Building Program (ECBP), Lecture Series Academic Year 2006\/7Building Ethiopia: \u2018Engineering For Development and Change\u2019Identity and Modern Development (12.2.2007).\r\n[10]. Ibiloye, E. O. (2013). The challenges of rural industrialisation in Kwara State; 1970 \u2013 1985 Merit Research Journals of Art, Social Science and Humanities: Vol.1 (3) pp. 028-039, Available online http:\/\/www.meritresearchjournals.org\/assh\/index.htm.\r\n[11]. Imoagene, S. O. (1967). Psycho-Social Factor in Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria:J. Econ. Soc. Stud. Vol.9, No 3, pp.379\r\n[12]. Kamar, Y.M., Lawal, N. I. Babangida, S.I. Jahun, U.A. (2014). Rural development in Nigeria: problems and prospects for sustainable development; The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES) Vol. 3, Issue 12, pp. 24-29, ISSN (e): 2319 \u2013 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 \u2013 1805\r\n[13]. Keith, P.(2003): The Process of Innovation: Paper 89, SEWPS Electronic Working Paper Series; on the web.\r\n[14]. Kelles-Viitanen, A. (2005). New Challenges and Opportunities for Rural Development; Paper presented at the IFAD Workshop; What are Innovation Challenges for Rural Development, in Rome 15 to 17 November 2005\r\n[15]. Maxwell, S. Urey, I. Ashley, C. (2001). Emerging Issuesin Rural Development: an Issues Paper: Overseas Development Institute (ODI) London\r\n[16]. Mondal, P. (2015). The Problems Faced for Rural Development in India;http:\/\/www.yourarticlelibrary.com\/category\/problems\/\r\n[17]. Nair, I. (2014). Challenges of Rural Development and Opportunities for Providing Sustainable Livelihood; International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Vol. 2, Issue 5.\r\n[18]. Pandita, R.(1997). Marketing Policies for Khadi Village Industries: Khadigramodyog, Monthly 72(12): 8690.Rao Rang\r\n[19]. Pretorius, W.(2002): TRIPS and Developing Countries. How Level is the PlayingField? In: Global Intellectual Property Rights.\r\n[20]. Quanbao Li, Yan Yan, (2011). Industrialization, urbanization and urban-rural income gap: An empirical analysis of China;Published in: Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS), 2011 2nd IEEE International Conference on 8-10 Aug. 2011 pp. 368\u2013371, DOI 10.1109\/ICEMMS.2011.6015697\r\n[21]. Ram, K. V.(2002). Rural Industrialisation: Science Tech Entrepreneur, Monthly, May 1, 2002, P. 12.\r\n[22]. Ratner, B. D.(2004). Equity, efficiency, and identity: Grounding the debate over population and sustainability:Population Research and Policy Review 23: 55-71.\r\n[23]. Rehber, E. Z. Galor, Z.Duman, S. (1999). Cooperative Support Systems for Rural Industrialization; Papers Published by the International Turkish Cooperative Congress, 3-6 November 1999, Ankara, Turkey.\r\n[24]. Sundar, k. Srinivasan,T. (2009). Rural Industrialisation: Challenges and Proposition. J SocSci, 20(1): 23-29 (2009)\r\n[25]. UN Report,(2009). New UN report spotlights challenges to rural development in Western Balkans; United Nations News Centre. http:\/\/www.un.org\/News\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Olusola Oladapo MAKINDE, Olubukunmi Temitope MAKINDE &#8220;Evaluating Factors Affecting Sustainable Rural Industrialisation in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.218-228 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/218-228.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/218-228.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluating-factors-affecting-sustainable-rural-industrialisation-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Evaluating Factors Affecting Sustainable Rural Industrialisation in Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b152d03 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b152d03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b152e03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b152e03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b152f8e\" data-id=\"b152f8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1530bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1530bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b15315b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b15315b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1532b8\" data-id=\"b1532b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1533e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1533e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b153480 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b153480\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1535e9\" data-id=\"b1535e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1536fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1536fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Relations with Foot-Eye Coordination of Shooting Football School Students<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Erianti, Yuni Astuti &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 229-232<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1537aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1537aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b15393f\" data-id=\"b15393f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b153a8b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b153a8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The problem in this research is the result of shooting soccer school students asco Padang Sarai Koto Tangah District Padang City Tangah still low. Many factors lead to low hasiln shooting them is the eye-foot coordination. So the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of eye-foot coordination with the shooting soccer school students Asco Padang Sarai Koto Tangah District Padang City. This type of research is correlational. The population in this study is a soccer school students Asco Padang Sarai Koto Tangah District Padang Citynumbering as many as 20 people. The sampling technique used total sampling. Thus the sample in this study amounted to 20 people. To obtain the data eye-foot coordination using test voley soccer wall. While the results of the test results obtained shooting shooting. Data were analyzed using product moment correlation. The research found thateye-foot coordination has a significant relationship and accepted as true by empirical results Asco shooting Football School students Padang Sarai Koto Tangah District, Padang Citywith the discovery r<sub>hitung<\/sub> 0.531&gt; 0.444 r<sub>tabel<\/sub> and accounted for 28.20%.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 229-232\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Erianti <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSport Science Faculty, Padang State University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yuni Astuti <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSport Science Faculty, Padang State University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Bompa, Tudor. O. 1999. Total Training for Young Champions. York University: Human Kinetics.\r\n[2]. Harsono. 1988. Coaching and Psychological Aspects In Coaching. Jakarta: P2LPTK.\r\n[3]. Harsuki. 2003. Development of Sports Updates, Review of Experts. Jakarta: PT. King Grafindo Persada.\r\n[4]. Kiram, Yanuar. 1994. Learning of Motor. Padang: Padang UNP Nikken.\r\n[5]. Robert Koger. 2005. Basic Training Youth Football Andal. Klaten: Sakamitra\r\n[6]. Luxbacher, Joseph. 2001 Football. Jakarta: PT. King Grafindo Persada.\r\n[7]. Margiyani. 2008. Physical Education, Sport and Health. Jakarta: Earth Literacy.\r\n[8]. Danny Mielke. 2009. Fundamentals of Football. Bandung: Expert Kingdom.\r\n[9]. Toho Mutohir Cholik. 2004. Development of Motor In The Children. Jakarta: Ministry of Education.\r\n[10]. Nurhasan. 2001. Tests and Measurements in Physical Education.Jakarta: Directorate General of Sports.\r\n[11]. PBVSI. 1995. Training Methodology. Jakarta: General Secretariat of the PP. PBVSI.\r\n[12]. PSSI. 2009. Law of the Game. Jakarta: FIFA\r\n[13]. Riduwan, 2005. Learning Easy Research For Teachers, Employees and Researcher Starter. Bandung: Alfabeta.\r\n[14]. Sajoto, M. 1988. Development of Physical Condition In Orahraga. Jakarta: Department of Education.\r\n[15]. Sumosardjono, Sudoso. 1990. Health Practical Knowledge in Sports 2. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.\r\n[16]. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of .2005. Jakarta: Ministry of Education.\r\n[17]. UNP, 2009. Handbook for Writing Thesis \/ TA, Padang. UNP\r\n[18]. Wahjoedi. 2001. Evaluation Platform for Physical Education. Jakarta: King Grafindo Persada Pt.\r\n[19]. Winarno. 2006. Sports Skills Test. Malang: The Malang State University.\r\n[20]. Zalfendi, et al. 2005. Textbook Football. Nikken. Padang: UNP.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Erianti, Yuni Astuti &#8220;Relations with Foot-Eye Coordination of Shooting Football School Students&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.229-232 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/229-232.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/229-232.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/relations-with-foot-eye-coordination-of-shooting-football-school-students\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Relations with Foot-Eye Coordination of Shooting Football School Students<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1548f8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1548f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1549dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1549dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b154b6a\" data-id=\"b154b6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b154c93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b154c93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b154d3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b154d3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b154e8a\" data-id=\"b154e8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b15f27b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b15f27b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b15f37c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b15f37c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b15f549\" data-id=\"b15f549\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b15f675 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b15f675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of Motivation to Learn and Motion Gymnastics Sequentially Dexterity Primary School Students<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Pitnawati, Damrah, Zulbahri &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 233-236<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b15f728 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b15f728\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b15f89d\" data-id=\"b15f89d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b15f9d1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b15f9d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Based on observations by the author in the field, that gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic motion in elementary school students 12 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman not run properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the motivation to learn gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic movement of primary school students 12 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman. This type of research is deskriptive. The populations in this study were all fifth grade students of SDN 12 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman, numbering as many as 38 people. Samples were taken with total sampling, thus the number of samples is as many as 38 people. The type of data in the study of primary data, data collected by the researchers by distributing questionnaires to students who are chosen to be sampled. Data were analyzed with the level of student motivation achievement percentage of respondents with technique. The study states that intrinsic motivation acquired achievement level of 74%, are in the category of &#8220;Enough&#8221;. This means that students have enough intrinsic motivation to learn gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic motion. Extrinsic motivation obtained the degree of achievement of 54%, are in the classification &#8220;Less than once&#8221;. This means that students are less once or very low extrinsic motivation in learning gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic motion. currently on the classification of &#8220;Less than once&#8221;. This means that students are less once or very low extrinsic motivation in learning gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic motion. currently on the classification of &#8220;Less than once&#8221;. This means that students are less once or very low extrinsic motivation in learning gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic motion.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 233-236\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pitnawati<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSport Science Faculty, Padang State University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Damrah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSport Science Faculty, Padang State University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zulbahri<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSport Science Faculty, Padang State University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2002. Research Procedure. Jakarta: PT.Rineka Reserved\r\n[2]. &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;. 1998. Management Research. Jakarta: Bina Script.\r\n[3]. MONE, 2006. Education Unit Level Curriculum. Jakarta.\r\n[4]. Elmawardi. 2011.Relationship Exercise Motivation With Motor Skill Student Elementery School Sinayan Payakumbuh.Thesis Padang: Padang State University.\r\n[5]. MahendraAgus. 2001. Learning Gymnastics. Jakarta: Directorate General of Sports.\r\n[6]. Margiyani. 2008. Physical Education and Health. Jakarta: Earth Literacy.\r\n[7]. Mudjiono. 2006. Teaching and Learning. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture, and Rineka Reserved.\r\n[8]. Prayitno, 1989. Motivation. Jakarta P2LPTK.\r\n[9]. Purwanto. 1990. Being a Master Professional. Bandung: PT. Renaya Roesdakarya.\r\n[10]. Rasyid Willadi. 2011. Strategy Learning Model. Padang: Sukabina Press.\r\n[11]. Sardiman. 2006. Interaction and Motivation Teaching. PT. RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta,\r\n[12]. Setyobroto, 2002. Sports Psychology. Jakarta: Jakarta State University Printing.\r\n[13]. Sudjana. 1989. Statistical Methods. Bandung: Tarsito.\r\n[14]. Sugiyono, 2002. Education Research Methods. Bandung: Alfabeta.\r\n[15]. Sukmadinata. et al. 2005. Teaching and Learning. Yakarta: PT. Rineka Reserved.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Pitnawati, Damrah, Zulbahri &#8220;Analysis of Motivation to Learn and Motion Gymnastics Sequentially Dexterity Primary School Students&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.233-236 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/233-236.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/233-236.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-motivation-to-learn-and-motion-gymnastics-sequentially-dexterity-primary-school-students\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Analysis of Motivation to Learn and Motion Gymnastics Sequentially Dexterity Primary School Students<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1608c5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1608c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1609ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1609ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b160b45\" data-id=\"b160b45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b160c73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b160c73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b160d15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b160d15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b160e67\" data-id=\"b160e67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b160f75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b160f75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b16100e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b16100e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b161171\" data-id=\"b161171\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b16128a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b16128a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b16132e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b16132e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b16149b\" data-id=\"b16149b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1615a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1615a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Capital Adequacy and Banks Performance: Evidence from Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ugwuka Nkechi, Ajuzie Oluchi &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 237-243<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b161659 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b161659\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1617c8\" data-id=\"b1617c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b161922 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b161922\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper examines the effect of capital adequacy on performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Banking sector is one of the most regulated sectors in any economy and the Nigeria Banking sector is not an exemption. This constant regulation is to minimize the bank failures and distresses. The study captures performance indicators and employed panel data made up of one hundred and eight observations comprising of nine cross-sectional units for period of twelve years. The collected data were estimated using Pooled regression effect estimation via Stata 2014 statistical package. Findings from the results showed a positive relationship between capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and return on assets (ROA). The study also found that there is a positive significant relationship between deposit to asset ratio and bank performance. The study concludes that capital adequacy improves performance of Nigeria deposit money banks. The paper recommends continuous monitoring of banks in line with capital adequacy for optimal performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 237-243\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ugwuka Nkechi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ajuzie Oluchi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. David, U., &amp; Joy, O., (2016). Capital adequacy and Financial Performance of banks in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 12 (25), 295-305.\r\n[2]. Ezike, E., &amp; Oke, M., (2013). capital adequacy standards, Basle Accord and bank performance; The Nigerian experience. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 3(2), 146-159.\r\n[3]. Eyo, I., &amp; Amenawo, O., (2015). Effect of capital adequacy on performance of Access Bank Plc. (1999-2012). International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 6(6), 308-313.\r\n[4]. Ikpefan, O., (2013). Capital adequacy, management and performance in the Nigeria commercial bank African Journal of Business Management. 7 (30), 2938 \u2013 2950.\r\n[5]. Imeokparia, L., (2015). Capital base and performance of money deposit banks in Nigeria: Pre and post consolidation era. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 3 (1), 74-82.\r\n[6]. Ini, U., &amp; Eze, R., (2018). The effect of capital adequacy requirements on the profitability of commercial banks in Nigeria. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics. 165, (1)80-89.\r\n[7]. Jalloh, M., (2017). The impact of capital adequacy on the performance of banks using Basel accord framework. East African research papers in business, entrepreneurship and management EARP-BEM No. 2017: 07\r\n[8]. Josephat, L., (2017). Does bank capital regulation affect bank value? African Journal of Business Management, 11 (10), 206 &#8211; 213.\r\n[9]. Ndifon, O., &amp; Ubana, U., (2014). The Impact of Capital adequacy on Deposit Money banks&#8217; Profitability in Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5, (12), 7-15.\r\n[10]. Obiakor, R., (2016). Capital adequacy and risk management International Journal of innovative science engineering and technology. 3 (7), 342-354.\r\n[11]. Okafor, C., &amp; Ikechukwu, U., (2010). The effect of capital adequacy on bank&#8217;s performance Journal of Business Research, 4 (1),93-116.\r\n[12]. Onaolapo, A., &amp; Olufemi, A., (2012). The effect of capital adequacy on the profitability of the Nigerian banking sector.Journal of money, investment and banking.24,(1)61-72.\r\n[13]. Tonbira, L., &amp; Zaagha, S., (2016). Capital adequacy measures and banks performance in Naigeria. Journal of Finance and Economic Research 3 (1), 15-34.\r\n[14]. Reserved Bank of New Zealand (2007).\r\nhttp:\/\/www.rbnz.govt.nz\/finstab\/banking\/regulation\/0091769.html 11\/7\/2007\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ugwuka Nkechi, Ajuzie Oluchi &#8220;Capital Adequacy and Banks Performance: Evidence from Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.237-243 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/237-243.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/237-243.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/capital-adequacy-and-banks-performance-evidence-from-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Capital Adequacy and Banks Performance: Evidence from Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1658e4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1658e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1659dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1659dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b165b7d\" data-id=\"b165b7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b165cb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b165cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b165d5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b165d5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b165ebc\" data-id=\"b165ebc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b165fce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b165fce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b166075 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b166075\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1661d7\" data-id=\"b1661d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1662f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1662f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Examination of Secession and the Nigerian Civil War, 1966-2017: Lessons for the Church in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Joseph Audu Reni &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 244-248<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b16638f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b16638f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1664f9\" data-id=\"b1664f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b166618 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b166618\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Globally, attempts at secession are not new. Neither are the calls and agitations for secession new in Nigeria. The first actual instance of secession was in 1967 which led to the Nigerian civil war. There has been sustained quest for secession in our most recent history. However, such calls and agitations are seen by some as a monumental threat to the unity of Nigeria. The reason the Federal Military Government under General Gowon executed the civil war was to keep Nigeria one. Despite the unrelenting efforts of successive governments to keep Nigeria going as one, united and indivisible country, the calls and agitations for secession have been unrelenting too. There are others who hail such calls and agitations as grounded in legitimate concerns and express the hope that the leaders of Nigeria would incline their ears to critical and objective listening to such calls and agitations. And yet, the issue of secession has never been seriously considered, nor has it been adequately given scholarly investigation although much has been written on the Nigerian civil war from different perspectives.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 244-248\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Audu Reni<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBaptist Theological Seminary, Kaduna, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">2Allen Buchanan, \u201cSecession,\u201d in Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2013, p. 2.\r\n3Pavkovi, \u201cSecession and Its Diverse Definitions,\u201d pp. 6-10.\r\n4Buchanan, \u201cSecession,\u201d p.2.\r\n5Ibid.\r\n6Ibid.\r\n7Ibid.\r\n8Michael Crowder, The Story of Nigeria (London: Faber and Faber, 1978), p. 234.\r\n9Alexander A. Madiebo, The Nigerian Revolution and the Biafran War (Enugu: Fourth Dimension Limited, 1980), p. 15\r\n10Ibid., pp. 15-18\r\n11Ibid., p.19\r\n12Ibid., pp. 43-44\r\n13Ibid.\r\n14Ibid., p.84\r\n15 Toyin Falola and Matthew Heaton, A History of Nigeria (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), p.174\r\n16 Madiebo, The Nigerian Revolution and the Biafran War, p. 93.\r\n17 Falola and Heaton, A History of Nigeria, p. 180.\r\n18Joseph A. Reni, \u201cA Roadmap to National Recovery: Adopting an Alternative Response Based on II Chronicles 7:14\u201d being a paper delivered on the occasion of National Day Service of the Baptist Theological Seminary, Kaduna, on 30th September, 2016.\r\n19Otive Igbuzor, \u201cNigeria\u2019s Experience in Managing the Challenges of Ethnic and Religious Diversity through Constitutional Provisions\u201d, Citizens\u2019 Forum for Constitutional Reform (CFCR).\r\n20 Daily Sun Newspaper, August 26, 2016, p. 12.\r\n21Ibid. For a full text of the lecture, see page 34 of the above newspaper.\r\n22Daily Sun Newspaper, June 6, 2016, p. 9.\r\n23Ibid.\r\n24Daily Sun Newspaper, August 26, 2016, p. 34.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joseph Audu Reni &#8220;An Examination of Secession and the Nigerian Civil War, 1966-2017: Lessons for the Church in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.244-248 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/244-248.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/244-248.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-examination-of-secession-and-the-nigerian-civil-war-1966-2017-lessons-for-the-church-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Examination of Secession and the Nigerian Civil War, 1966-2017: Lessons for the Church in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b16f15c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b16f15c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b16f341 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b16f341\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b16f509\" data-id=\"b16f509\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b16f63f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b16f63f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b16f702 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b16f702\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b16f88e\" data-id=\"b16f88e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b16f9c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b16f9c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b16fa6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b16fa6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b16fbf1\" data-id=\"b16fbf1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b16fd37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b16fd37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Exploring and Understanding Human Ageing in Nigeria from the Eyes of African Belief System<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Atumah, Oscar N., Alfa, Fatima F. &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 249-252<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b16fde6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b16fde6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b16ff7f\" data-id=\"b16ff7f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1700b3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1700b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study discusses the phenomena of aging, aging-associated needs, and challenges of healthcare provision in Africa from the perspective of African belief systems. African cultural heritage presents older adults as custodians of custom, and as people who are full of wisdom, representing the mirror through which the society sees. It is believed that older adults deserve some respect and should age in their homes. However, caring for older adults were reserved for women, but we argue that such an approach is not sustainable, and alternatives are needed. Older adults have peculiar healthcare needs, and as such, moral support alone will not be sufficient, as it appears to be the only thing that the family may be able to continue to offer. Thus, the study recommends institutional poverty alleviation in Africa as it remains a stumbling block to any meaningful innovation and change to lifestyle. Policy enactment and strict implementation guidelines, in addition to private sector participation, are crucial to tackling the issues of aging in Nigeria. Sensitization on aging-related matters can be accomplished by introducing gerontology and human services courses in primary and secondary schools, and institutions of higher learning.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 249-252\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Atumah, Oscar N.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, University of Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alfa, Fatima F.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, University of Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aboderin, I. (2017). Long-Term Care for Older Persons: Sub-Saharan African Realities. A presentation for A.U., for the meeting of the specialized technical committee on social development, labor, and employment, Algiers, Algeria. 24th-28th April 2017.\r\n[2]. African development bank (2013). Healthcare in Africa over the next fifty years.\r\n[3]. A.U. (2014). Fourth Session of the Au Conference of Ministers of Social Development Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Theme: &#8220;Strengthening the African Family for Inclusive Development in Africa&#8221; Draft Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples&#8217; Rights On the Rights of Older Persons in Africa.\r\n[4]. Chan, M. (2012) Foreword: Global Population Ageing) Promise or Peril. World Economic Forum.\r\n[5]. Ki-Moon, B. (2012). Foreword: Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: A Celebration and A Challenge Published by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), New York, and HelpAge International, London.\r\n[6]. Chepngeno, G., &amp; Ezeh, A.C. (2007). &#8216;Between a Rock and a Hard Place&#8217;: Perception of Older People Living in Nairobi City on Return-Migration to Rural Areas. Global Ageing: Ageing and Action:Journal of the International Federation on Ageing (IFA). Vol. 4 No3, 2007.\r\n[7]. Rwezaura, B. A. (1989).Changing Community Obligations to The Elderly in Contemporary Africa. Journal of Social Development in Africa) 4,1, 5-24\r\n[8]. Togonu-Bickersteth, F. and Akinyemi, A.I. (2014) Ageing and national development in Nigeria: Costly assumptions and challenges for the future. African Population Studies Vol 27, 2 Supp\r\n[9]. Tosato, M., Zamboni, V. Ferrini, A. Cesari, M. (2007). The aging process and potential interventions to extend life expectancy. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2007:2(3) 401\u2013412\r\n[10]. UNFPA (2012). Aging in the Twenty-First Century: A Celebration and A Challenge Published by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), New York, and HelpAge International, London.\r\n[11]. Waghid, Y. (2016). Knowledge(S), Culture and African Philosophy: An Introduction. Knowledge Cultures 4(4), 2016\r\n[12]. WHO (2015). World report on aging and health. Genev\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Atumah, Oscar N., Alfa, Fatima F. &#8220;Exploring and Understanding Human Ageing in Nigeria from the Eyes of African Belief System&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.249-252 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/249-252.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/249-252.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/exploring-and-understanding-human-ageing-in-nigeria-from-the-eyes-of-african-belief-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Exploring and Understanding Human Ageing in Nigeria from the Eyes of African Belief System<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b170f5a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b170f5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b171072 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b171072\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b17120c\" data-id=\"b17120c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b171336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b171336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1713da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1713da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b171538\" data-id=\"b171538\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b171656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b171656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1716f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1716f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b17189b\" data-id=\"b17189b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1719bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1719bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b171a68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b171a68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b171bcb\" data-id=\"b171bcb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b17784e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b17784e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Determinants of Land Value in the University of Port Harcourt Host Communities, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Collins H. Wizor (Ph.D), Prof. Samuel B. Arokoyu &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 253-262<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b177932 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b177932\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b177afd\" data-id=\"b177afd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b177c74 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b177c74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Rapid growth in suburbanization and the rapid expansion of urban population in contemporary times, especially in the global south have brought a lot of dynamic changes to urban areas and land values This study therefore focused on the determinants of land value in the University of Port Harcourt host communities.The study was purely a survey research and computation of raw data from field investigation was done. Purposive sampling techniques was used to select three host communities of the University of Port Harcourt while data analysis and testing of the validity of the research hypothesis was done through the aid of Bi-variate and multivariate analytical techniques. The student \u201cT\u201d test was used to test if there is significant relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The result of analysis shows that there is a strong positive relationship between land value and factors affecting land values, which are accessibility, land use, terrain and distance from nearest Central Business District (CBD). The researchers conclude that these variables contribute to land value in the study area and therefore recommends the need for government to embark on a well-thought-out sub urbanization scheme aimed at dispersing the over-crowded population of the city which will reduce rural-urban mass movement and lower the demand placed on urban land.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 253-262\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Collins H. Wizor (Ph.D)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Samuel B. Arokoyu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adegoke, O. J. Aluko, B. T. and Adegoke, B. F. (2017) Determinants of Market Value of Residential Properties in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 8(4)\r\n[2]. Adeyemo, A. M. and Arokoyu, G. B. (2002) Spatial Organization: The Patterning of Human Behaviour in Space. Amethyst &amp; Colleagues Press Ltd., Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n[3]. Alonso,W. (1964): Location and Land Use. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Massachusetts.\r\n[4]. Arokoyu, S.B and Obafemi, A. A. (2002) Urban Land Uses, Urban Internal Structure and Crimes in Nigeria, in Arokoyu, S.B., and Adeyemo, A.M. (Ed) Perspective on Urban Development Planning and Management; Amethyst &amp; Colleagues Press Ltd., Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n[5]. Asabere, P. K., Simans, C. F. and Colwell, P. F. (1982) The Intensity of Residential Land Use In Accra, Ghana. Journal of Urban Economics 11(2)\r\n[6]. Babalola, S. J, UmarA. I. and Sulaiman L. A. (2013)An Economic Analysis of Determinant of House Rents in the University Environment, European Scientific Journal, 9 (19)\r\n[7]. Case, K. E., &amp; Shiller, R. J. (2003)Is there a Bubble in the Housing Market? Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2,\r\n[8]. Cheshire, Paul C. and Stephen C. Sheppard (1995)On the Price of Land and the Value of Amenities, Economica, 62 (127)\r\n[9]. Fabiyi, O. O. (2006) Urban Land Use Change Analysis of a Traditional City from Remote Sensing Data: The Case of Ibadan Metropolitan Area, Nigeria. Humanity and Social Science Journal 1(1)\r\n[10]. Han, S. S., Yu, S. M., Malone-Lee, L. C., &amp; Basuki, A. (2002) Dynamics of Property Value Distribution in an Asian Metropolis &#8211; The Case of Landed Housing in Singapore, 1991- 2000. Journal of Property Investment &amp; Finance, 20(3)\r\n[11]. Hurd, R M. (1964) Principles of City Land Values, New York and Guide. Lagos State Government Printer, Lagos\r\n[12]. Hurd, R. (1903). Principle of city land values.New York: Guide.\r\n[13]. Kabba, V. T and Li, J. (2009) Determinants of Urban Land Price in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Journal of American Science, 5(7)\r\n[14]. Kauko, T. (2003). Residential Property Value and Locational Externalities &#8211; on the Complementarity and Substitutability of Approaches. Journal of Property Investment &amp; Finance, 21(3)\r\n[15]. Kironde, J. (2000) Understanding Land Markets in African Urban Areas: The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Habitat International 24(2)\r\n[16]. Lasterria-Cornhiel, S. &amp; Garcia, F. (2009) Gender and Land Rights: Findings and Lessons from Country Studies. FAO Corporate Document Repository. Retrieved fromwww.fao.com\r\n[17]. McCluskey, W. J., Deddis, W. G., Lamont, I. G., &amp; Borst, R. A. (2000)The Application of Surface Generated Interpolation Models for the Prediction of Residential Property Values. Journal of Property Investment &amp; Finance, 18(2)\r\n[18]. Meen, G., and Andrew, M. (1998)Modelling Regional House Prices: AReview of the Literature.Reading: University of Reading.\r\n[19]. Ogbuefi, J. U. and Egbenta, R. I. (2002) Relationship between Transport Services and Property Values in Enugu, Nigeria. Journal of Science and Technology Research 1(1)\r\n[20]. Olaniran, O. J and Summer, G. N. (1989) Climate Change in Nigeria: Change in Rainfall Receipt Per Rain Day. Weather 43(6)\r\n[21]. Olaore, G. O. (1991) Values of Land and Rentage of Shelter in Nigeria\u2019s Urban Areas: A Case Study of Kaduna. NISER Monograph Series,19, 1-86, Ibadan\r\n[22]. Olayiwola, L.M.; Adeleye, O. and Ogunshakin, L. (2005)Public Housing Delivery in Nigeria: Problems and Challenges.Paper presented at the World Congress on Housing held at Pretoria, South Africa, 27th \u2013 30th September.\r\n[23]. Olayiwola, L.M and Adeleye, O. (2005) Urban Housing Crisis and Responses in Nigeria: ThePlanners View Point. A Paper Presented in World Congress on Housing, Transforming Housing Environments through the Design, September 27-30 2005, Pretoria, South Africa.\r\n[24]. Olayiwola, L. M., Adeleye, O. and Oduwaye, A.O. (2005) Correlate of Land Value Determinants in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Humanities and Ecology.17 (3)\r\n[25]. Oyeshola, D. (1995) Essentials of Environmental Issues. The World and Nigeria in Perspective. Ibadan: Daily Graphics Ltd.\r\n[26]. Oyegun, C. U and Adeyemo, A. M. (1991) The Port Harcourt Region in Oyegun, C. U and Adeyemo, A, M (eds) Paragraphics, Port Harcourt\r\n[27]. Ratcliff, R. U. (1949) Urban Land Economics; Reviewed Work by Raleigh Barlowe. Journal of Economics 31(3)\r\n[28]. Serra, M.V et al. (2004) Urban Land Markets and Urban Land Development: An Examination of Three Brazilian Cities: Bras\u00edlia, Curitiba and Recife. Institute of Urban &amp; Regional Development IURD. (University of California, Berkeley). Working Paper Series Paper WP-03\r\n[29]. Sivam, A. (2002) Constraints Affecting the Efficiency of the Urban Residential Land Market in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India. Habitat International (26)\r\n[30]. Turner, R. (2004)The Appraisal Process and Your Taxes. The Property Appraiser\u2019s Office, Hillsborough County, Tampa, Florida, Retrieved on 20September 2018 from: http:\/\/www.hcpafl.org\/function.html)\r\n[31]. Udu, G. O and Egbenta, I. R. (2007) Effects of Domestic Waste on Rental Values of Residentiaal Properties in Enugu. Nigerian Journal of Development Studies 6(1)\r\n[32]. Ugu, I. V and Iyanda, S. T. (2012) Comparative Analysis of the Determinants of Land Values. Chinese Business Review, 11(2)\r\n[33]. Umeuduji, J.E. and Aiseuebeogun, A.(1999)Relief and Drainage, in Oyegun C.U. and Adeyemo. A. (eds). Land and People of Rivers State. River Side Communication, Port-Harcourt\r\n[34]. Wizor, C. H. (2014) Residential Development Dynamics in Port Harcourt Metropolis: Implication for Efficient Urban Planning. Journal of Environment and Earth Science 4(6)\r\n[35]. Wizor, C. H. (2014) Determinants and Pattern of Single-Family Housing Estates in Port Harcourt Metropolitan Fringe Areas. Journal of Research on Humanities and Social Sciences.4(11)\r\n[36]. Wong, J. T., Hui, E.C.M., Seabrooke, W. and Raftery, J. (2005) A Study of the Hong Kong Property Market: Housing Price Expectations. Construction Management and Economics 23(7)\r\n[37]. Zubair, A. O. (2006)Change Detection in Land Use and Land Cover Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS: A Case Study of Ilorin and its Environs in Kwara State. (Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis) University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Collins H. Wizor (Ph.D), Prof. Samuel B. Arokoyu &#8220;Determinants of Land Value in the University of Port Harcourt Host Communities, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.253-262 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/253-262.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/253-262.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/determinants-of-land-value-in-the-university-of-port-harcourt-host-communities-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Determinants of Land Value in the University of Port Harcourt Host Communities, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b17a159 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b17a159\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b17a25d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b17a25d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b17a40b\" data-id=\"b17a40b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b17a542 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b17a542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b17a5ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b17a5ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b17a748\" data-id=\"b17a748\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b17a858 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b17a858\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b17a902 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b17a902\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b17aa5e\" data-id=\"b17aa5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b17ab65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b17ab65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b17ac03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b17ac03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b17ad74\" data-id=\"b17ad74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b17ae8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b17ae8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor for Successful Leadership in Education: A Case of PhD Students of Adventist University of Africa<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Callen Nyamwange &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 263-267<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b17af2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b17af2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b17b09a\" data-id=\"b17b09a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b17b1c7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b17b1c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Emotions serve as signals in response to changing conditions and have an impact on behavioral responses to events. Emotional intelligence occurs as a result of the interaction between emotions and cognitions. . High emotional intelligence level is associated with successful leadership and intellectual capacity furthermore, maladaptive coping methods such as self-harm and also the frequency of depression are found to be higher if reparation is not utilized. The study was carried among 40 PhD students of Adventist University of Africa. The purpose of the study was to establish the student\u2019s level of emotional intelligence as a predictor of successful leadership. The study managed to sample the whole cohort of Phd students. The results indicated that By paying attention to our feelings we learn how to get happiness and success in life, emotional intelligence matters just as much as intellectual ability does. 11(27.5%) out of 29(73%) do not usually worry about what they feel , 11 (27.5%) do not usually spend time thinking about their emotions, only 5(2.5%) do not think it pays to pay attention to their emotions. It further indicated that 8 out of 40 need to improve on clarity where as 19 out of 40 demonstrated having adequate clarity and 13 out of 40 indicated having excellent clarity in paying close attention to how they feel.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 263-267\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Callen Nyamwange <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKisii University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Amazon Goes to School (for $700 Million) : July 11, 2019. Published online 2018 May 2. doi: 10.3390\/bs8050045\r\n[2]. Athanasios S. Drigas, and Papoutsi.C ( 2018) A New Layered Model on Emotional Intelligence: doi: 10.3390\/bs8050045\r\n[3]. Ashley. M.V1*, Shagini .U1,2 &amp; Fiori. M (2018)Enhancing the Prediction of Emotionally Intelligent Behavior: The PAT Integrated Framework Involving Trait EI, Ability EI, and Emotion Information Processing\r\n[4]. Cotler.J.L jcotler, DiTursi. D, Goldstein. I, Yates .J DelBelso. D, College. S (2017) Mindful Approach to Teaching Emotional Intelligence to Undergraduate Students Online and in Person, Loudonville, NY 12211, USA\r\n[5]. Forget Delayed Gratification: What Kids Really Need Is Cognitive Control By Daniel Goleman @DanielGolemanEIOct. 07, 2013\r\n[6]. Ferry.K ( 2018)The behind-the-scenes impact of emotional intelligence: reports &amp; insights, 8378 743 632 1372\r\n[7]. Ferry.K ( 2018)The Hidden Opportunity in Conflicts at Work : Emotional Intelligence Developing Strong &#8220;People Skills&#8221;\r\n[8]. Lischetzke, T. &amp; Eid, M. (in press, 2017). The functionality of emotional clarity: A process-oriented approach to understanding the relation between emotional clarity and well-being. In M.\r\n[9]. https:\/\/www.inc.com\/justin-bariso\/19-signs-of-high-emotionalintelligence.htmlThings: Emotionally Intelligent People Do By Justin BarisoFounder, Insight@JustinJBariso\r\n[10]. Tchiki (2019)Emotional Clarity\r\n[11]. Robinson. D &amp;. Eid( ) The happy mind: Cognitive contributions to well-being. New York: Springer.\r\n[12]. TRITTIN. L ( ) SELF-DEVELOPMENT : Why Do Highly Sensitive People Absorb Other People\u2019s Emotions?\r\n[13]. Mayer.j.d &amp; Salovey.p (1995) Applied &amp; Preventive Psychology 4:197-208 (1995). Cambridge University Press. Printed in the USA. Copyright \u00a9 1995 AAAPP 0962-1849\/95 $9.00 + .10 Emotional intelligence and and regulation of feelings the construction\r\n[14]. Morin.A ( 2019) How to Control Your Emotions so Your Emotions Don&#8217;t Control You Sharpening your emotional regulation skills will make you mentally stronger.\r\n[15]. Mowrer (2007) The Role of Emotional Clarity in Impressions of the Self and Others A Senior Honors: Unpublished thesis\r\n[16]. The Purpose of Emotions: How Our Feelings Help Us Survive and Thrive By Kendra Cherry, Updated May 12, 2019\r\n[17]. SALAZAR. A (2017) Emotional Intelligence Test: 24 questions to measure your EQ\r\n[18]. Scuderi. R (what is emotional intelligence and why it is important: Life stack\r\n[19]. Wagnall. N (2018) Emotional Clarity: 6 Key Principles for Managing Your Emotions November 16, 2018 \u2022 In Emotional Fitness.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Callen Nyamwange &#8220;Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor for Successful Leadership in Education: A Case of PhD Students of Adventist University of Africa&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.263-267 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/263-267.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/263-267.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/emotional-intelligence-as-a-predictor-for-successful-leadership-in-education-a-case-of-phd-students-of-adventist-university-of-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor for Successful Leadership in Education: A Case of PhD Students of Adventist University of Africa<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b180d8e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b180d8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b180ed5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b180ed5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1810b3\" data-id=\"b1810b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b181217 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b181217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1812df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1812df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b181474\" data-id=\"b181474\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b181593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b181593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b181644 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b181644\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1817c3\" data-id=\"b1817c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b181942 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b181942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Flood Hazards at Alajo: Causes, Impacts and Adaptations<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>John Manyimadin Kusimi and Ebenezer Yeboah &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 268-278<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b181a03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b181a03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b181b95\" data-id=\"b181b95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b181ce2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b181ce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This is a case study on causes, impacts and adaptation to floods, and public institutions\u2019 intervention towards reducing flood risk in the community of Alajo, a proletariat suburb of Accra in Ghana. Field data collection involved in-depth interviews and household heads questionnaire survey. Factors identified to be causing floods in Alajo include improper layout of buildings, improper waste management, lack of good drainage system etc. Flood incidents come with great cost to the community. The cost includes loss of property and human lives. Some of the adaptations and coping measures to flood disaster are temporal relocation, building of stone breakwaters, support from families and the government. Construction and de-silting of drains, clearing of buildings on waterways, public education and seminars are some flood mitigation measures being undertaken by government to curtail the problem. Good local governance and the construction of drainage systems are some sustainable approaches towards making the locality safe from floods.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 268-278\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> John Manyimadin Kusimi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Geography &amp; Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra \u2013 Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ebenezer Yeboah <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Geography &amp; Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra \u2013 Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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UN-HABITAT. (2003). The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003. London: Earthscan.\r\n[45]. Van Assche, K., Beunen, R., &amp;Duineveld, M. (2014). Evolutionary Governance Theory: An Introduction (No. 8876). Heidelberg: Springer 95: http:\/\/governancetheory.com\/egt\/.\r\n[46]. Van Franeker, J.A., &amp; Law, K.L. (2015). Seabirds, gyres and global trends in plastic pollution. Environmental Pollution 203:89-96.\r\n[47]. Van Sebille, E., Wilcox, C., Lebreton, L., Maximenko, N., Hardesty, B.D., van Franeker, J.A., Eriksen, M., Siegel, D., Galgani, F., &amp; Law, K.L. (2015). A global inventory of small floating plastic debris. Environmental Research Letters 10:124006.\r\n[48]. Viljoen, M.F., &amp;Booysen, H.J. (2006). Planning and management of flood damage control: The South African experience. Irrigation and Drainage. 55: S83-S91.\r\n[49]. L\u00f6hr, A., Savelli, H., Beunen, R., Kalz, M., Ragas, A., &amp;Belleghem, F. V. (2017). Solutions for global marine litter pollution. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 28, 90\u201399.\r\n[50]. World Bank. (2010). City of Accra, Ghana \u2013 Consultative Citizens\u2019 Report Card. Report No. 55117-GH, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank.\r\n[51]. Yeboah, I. (2000). Structural Adjustment and emerging urban forms in Accra. AfricaToday. 47 (2): 58-89.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">John Manyimadin Kusimi and Ebenezer Yeboah &#8220;Flood Hazards at Alajo: Causes, Impacts and Adaptations&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.268-278 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/268-278.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/268-278.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/flood-hazards-at-alajo-causes-impacts-and-adaptations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Flood Hazards at Alajo: Causes, Impacts and Adaptations<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b182cb5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b182cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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August 2019 Page No.: 279-281<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b18414f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b18414f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1842e3\" data-id=\"b1842e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b184418 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b184418\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Leadership is known globally for the most productive performance. Performance of organisations is directly affected by leadership styles. In Kenya the use of leadership styles is a major challenge in the management of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies thus affecting performance. The study aimed at assessing effect of Transactional leadership on performance of savings and credit cooperative society: a case of Imarisha savings and credit cooperative society in Kericho County, Kenya. The study used descriptive research design. The population comprised of all staff of Imarisha savings and credit cooperative society. Simple random sampling was used. A sample of 27 management staff and 36 support staff was drawn from the purposively selected savings and credit cooperative society and used in the study. The study used two sets of questionnaires one for management staff and another for support staff. Data was collected through administration of two sets of self-administered questionnaires to the selected respondents. The data was processed and analysed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 and presented using frequency distribution tables and charts. An analysis of the major findings in study indicated that coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.790 therefore about 79.0%of the variation in effect of transactional leadership styles on performance. The study recommends that management staff should be trained on new methods of leadership so as to keep up with current leadership style.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 279-281\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rere Joyce Chepkoech<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, School of Business, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Bennett, T. M. (2009). A study of the management leadership style preferred by IT Subordinates. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict,13, 1\u201326.\r\n[2]. Daft, R. L. (2000).Management, Orlando, FL: Harcourt College Publishers.\r\n[3]. Spahr, P. (2015). What is transactional leadership? How structure leads to results.Retrieved from http:\/\/online.stu.edu\/transactional-leadership\r\n[4]. Smith T.D., Eldridge F. &amp;DeJoy D.M. (2016). Safety-specific transformational and passive leadership influences on fire-fighter safety climate perceptions and safety behavior outcomes Safety Science, 86 (2016), pp. 92-97\r\n[5]. Odumeru, J.A. &amp;Ifeanyi, G.O. (2013), \u201cTransformational vs transactional leadership theories: evidence in literature\u201d, International Review of Management and Business Research, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 355-361.\r\n[6]. Penn, A. (2015). Leadership Theory Simplified, University of Arkansas, United States Department of Agriculture, and County Governments Cooperating, available at: www.uaex.edu\/publications\/PDF\/FSPSD200.pdf (accessed 15 June 2014).\r\n[7]. Oladipo K. S., Jamilah O., Abdul D S., Jeffery L. D. &amp; Salami D. K. (2013). Review of leadership theories and Organizational performances, International Business Management Journal, 7(1), 50-54\r\n[8]. Scott E. B., The role of transformational and transactional leadership in creating, sharing and exploiting organizational knowledge, Journal of Leadership &amp; Organization Studies, 9(4), 32-44 (2003)\r\n[9]. Khan, I. &amp; Nawaz, A. (2016). The Leadership Styles andthe Employees Performance: A Review.\r\n[10]. Munirat, Y. &amp; Yusuf, I. (2017). Effects of Leadership Style on Employee Performance in Nigerian Universities. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: Administration and Management Volume 17 Issue 7\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rere Joyce Chepkoech &#8220;Effect of Transactional Leadership Style on Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperative Society: A Case of Imarisha in Kericho County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.279-281 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/279-281.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/279-281.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-transactional-leadership-style-on-performance-of-savings-and-credit-cooperative-society-a-case-of-imarisha-in-kericho-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Transactional Leadership Style on Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperative Society: A Case of Imarisha in Kericho County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b185233 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b185233\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b18531f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b18531f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1854cf\" data-id=\"b1854cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1855ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1855ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1856b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1856b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b185803\" data-id=\"b185803\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b185919 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b185919\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1859bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1859bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b185ea3\" data-id=\"b185ea3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b185fd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b185fd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b186090 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b186090\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b186205\" data-id=\"b186205\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b18631b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b18631b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Female Teachers on Girls Performance in Biology in KCSE In Public Secondary Schools in Borabu Sub County, Nyamira County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. George K B M Sagwe, Phd &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 282-294<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1863bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1863bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b186543\" data-id=\"b186543\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b186696 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b186696\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Globally one single factor that decides the destiny of a nation is the quality of education that its citizens get. The process of education revolves around the teacher and the student. For ages, the teacher-student relationship has been perceived by our forefathers to have a direct impact on the learner\u2019s performance. This study aimed at finding find out the influence of female teachers on girls\u2019 performance in biology in KCSE in public secondary schools in Borabu Sub County. Generally, the study sought: to find out the influence of the biology teacher\u2019 physical characteristics on girl performance in biology, to establish the influence of biology teachers teaching methodology on girl performance in biology and to investigate personal factors female students view in biology teachers that influences their performance in biology in Borabu Sub county. The study employed descriptive research design with both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data was collected from 104 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire.\r\nThe population comprised of female students, and female biology teachers in public secondary schools in this area. The study targeted 20 secondary schools in the sub county. Out of the 20 schools two were purely girls\u2019 schools and the rest were mixed schools. This research considered a sample size of 8 schools representing 40% of the entire population (20 schools a sample size of the study was 120 students and 20 teachers. This sample size was arrived at according to Toro Yamane\u2019s Formula (1970). From the findings, majority of the respondents agreed that teacher pay attention in explaining details in a topic. Basing on the findings, the study concluded that female teachers influence girls performance in biology in KCSE in public secondary schools in Borabu Sub county and therefore there is need to employ more so as to improve girls performance in biology. The study recommends that the government through the Ministry of Education should employ more biology female teachers in order to encourage girls to work hard in the subject and do better in it and Parents should encourage their daughters to take biology and other sciences at school and consult their teachers in order to encourage them to do well in the subject.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 282-294\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. George K B M Sagwe, Phd<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEducational Administration And Policies Management, Borabu Teachers Training College, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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A study of secondary schools in Kisumu District.\r\n[7]. Gray, J.B (2005). Sugar and Spice and science: Encouraging Girls through mentoring. Current Issues in Education 8(18). Retrieved on 11\/12\/2007 from: http:\/\/cie.asu.edu\/vol.8\/number16\/index.html.\r\n[8]. Harding, C. (1983). Switched off: The Science Education of Girls. New York: McGraw Hill Company Ltd.\r\n[9]. Holmund H. &amp; Sund, K. (2005). Is Gender Gap school performance affected by the sex of the teacher? Stockholm University: Swedish Institute for social Research. Working paper, 5, 2005. Retrieved on 10\/12\/2007 from http:\/\/www.sofi.su.se\/wp\/mpo5.5.pdf.\r\n[10]. Idewa, D. (1985). A study of sex differences in the perception of Science-related careers among standard seven primary school Pupils in Northern Division, Busia District.\r\n[11]. Jacobs, J.E.; Lanza, S., Osgood, D.W., Eccles, J.S., and Wigfield, A. (2002). Changes in Children\u2019s self-competence and values; Gender and domain differences across grades one through twelve. Child Development.31(2), 143-154.\r\n[12]. Keller, E.F. (1985). Reflections on gender and science. New Haven: Yale University Press\r\n[13]. Kessels, U. (2005). Fitting into the stereotype: How gender-stereotyped perceptions of prototypic peers relate to liking for school subjects. European. Journal of Psychology of Education, 20, 309-323.\r\n[14]. Klahar, D. Triona, L.M &amp; Williams C. (2006). Hands on What? The relative effectiveness of physical versus virtual materials in an engineering design project by middle school children. Journal of research in science teaching, 44, 183-203.\r\n[15]. Kothari, C.R. (2003). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd Ed.) New Delhi: Wishwa Prakashan.\r\n[16]. Langen, A.V., Bosker, R. &amp; Dekkers, H., (2006) Exploring cross-national differences in gender gaps in education. Educational Research and Evaluation, 28, 315-328.\r\n[17]. Lenga &amp; Mwanyky (2004), a path of Development through Science and Technology: The Dilemma of Kenyan Females. Unpublished Seminar paperBureau of Educational Research: Kenyatta University.\r\n[18]. Magero, M (1999). Poor performance of girls in sciences explained. Daily Nation March, 29, 1999: pp. 27, Col. 1-3.\r\n[19]. Mohammed H. &amp; Kwamboka E. (1999). Girls\u2019 performance in science worrying. Kenya Times (October, 02, 1999). Pp.14-15 Col. 2-6.\r\n[20]. Mugenda, O &amp; Mugenda, A. (2003). Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches.Nairobi, Kenya: Acts Press..\r\n[21]. Nzwili F. (2007). Kenya Faces Hurdles in Boosting Female Scientists. Nairobi, We News Correspondence.\r\n[22]. Obura, A. (1991). Changing Images: portrayal of Girls and women in Kenyan Textbooks. Nairobi: African center for Technology studies.\r\n[23]. Phipps, A. (2007). Re-inscribing gender binaries: Deconstructing the dominant discourse around women\u2019s equality in science, engineering, and technology. The Sociological Review, 55, 768-786.\r\n[24]. Sadker, D. (1999). Gender Equity. Still knocking at classroom door. Educational Leadership, Vol.56. Retrieved on 11\/12\/2007 from http:\/\/wwwSadker. Org\/PDF\/gender equity. Pdf.\r\n[25]. Selimbegovic, L., &amp; Chattered, A (2007). Can we Encourage Girls Mobility towards Science-related careers? Disconfirming stereotype beliefthrough expert influence. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 22, 275-290.\r\n[26]. Simpkins, S.D., Davis-Kean, P.E., &amp; Eccles, J.S. (2006). Mathematics and science motivation: A longitudinal examination of the links between choices and beliefs.Developmental Psychology, 42, 70-83.\r\n[27]. Stake, J.E. (2006). The critical mediating role of social encouragement for science motivation and confidence among high school girls and boys. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 1017-1045.\r\n[28]. Twoli, N.W. (1986). Sex Differences in science Achievement among Secondary school pupils in Kenya: Unpublished PhD. Thesis,Flinders University. While Gaps in Math and Science Narrow, AAUW Foundation Report Shows.&#8221;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. George K B M Sagwe, Phd &#8220;Influence of Female Teachers on Girls Performance in Biology in KCSE In Public Secondary Schools in Borabu Sub County, Nyamira County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.282-294 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/282-294.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/282-294.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-female-teachers-on-girls-performance-in-biology-in-kcse-in-public-secondary-schools-in-borabu-sub-county-nyamira-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of Female Teachers on Girls Performance in Biology in KCSE In Public Secondary Schools in Borabu Sub County, Nyamira County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b18750b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b18750b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1875fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1875fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1877c3\" data-id=\"b1877c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1878fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1878fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1879aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1879aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b187b01\" data-id=\"b187b01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b187c43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b187c43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b187ceb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b187ceb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b187f9a\" data-id=\"b187f9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1880bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1880bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b18817e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b18817e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1882eb\" data-id=\"b1882eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b188429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b188429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Debunking Ageism, Myths &amp; Right of Older Persons in Africa <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Atumah, Oscar N. &amp; Abdulazeez, Hassan &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 295-300<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1884dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1884dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b18ddeb\" data-id=\"b18ddeb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b18df76 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b18df76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Ageism has been established to be preconceived and discriminatory acts and tendencies against older adults, yet many people in Nigeria, have little or no knowledge about the meaning or the damages it can cause. This paper intended to demask ageism related attitudes while bringing the term to the forefront of the general public. The literature review method was used to outline the resultant attitudes and stereotypes of ageism, to demystify the phenomenon and to examine how it affects the well-being of the aging population. Findings revealed that ageism has personal and institutional perspectives, and are intentional or sometimes, unintentional. We also identified some age-related workplace discrimination, healthcare-related age discrimination, and may standing myths against older adults. We conclude by stating that most contemporary myths are mostly outright lies and concoctions not backed by any scientific evidence. Some of the myths originated from long-forgotten traditional folktales, and argued that such practices should be discouraged based on the established rights of elderly persons. Having debunked ageism practices and myths surrounding stereotypes against older persons, we believe that implication for practice include, but not limited to, unrelenting advocacy in citing that the rights of older persons stem from inalienable rights entrenched in international protocols and conventions. Making the general public to know that older adults have the right to independence, participation, care, self-fulfillment, and dignity. We suggest that upholding these rights are instrumental in reducing the menace of ageism, and in disrupting the standing myths against the aging population.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 295-300\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Atumah, Oscar N. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, University of Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdulazeez, Hassan <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology &amp; Anthropology Kaduna State University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Allen, J. O. (2016). Ageism as a Risk Factor for Chronic Disease, The Gerontologist, Volume 56, Issue 4,614, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnu158\r\n[2]. Chopik, W.J., Giasson, H.L. (2017). Age Differences in Explicit and Implicit Age Attitudes Across the Life Span, The Gerontologist, Volume 57, Issue suppl_2, August 2017, Pages S169\u2013S177, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnx058\r\n[3]. Cuddy, A.J.C., Norton, M, I., Fiske, S, T. (2005). This Old Stereotype: The Pervasiveness and Persistence of the Elderly Stereotype. A Journal of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues.\r\n[4]. Donizzetti, A, R.(2019). Ageism in an Aging Society: The Role of Knowledge, Anxiety about Aging, and Stereotypes in Young People and Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.\r\n[5]. Doron, I., Mawhinney, K. (2016). The Rights of Older Persons. IFA, Collection of International Documents. Gendron, T. L., Welleford, E. A., Inker, J., John T. White, J.T. (2016). The Language of Ageism: Why We Need to Use Words Carefully, The Gerontologist, Volume 56, Issue 6, Pages 997\u20131006, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnv066\r\n[6]. Harris, K., Krygsman, S., Waschenko, J., Rudman, D. L. (2018). Ageism and the Older Worker: A Scoping Review, The Gerontologist, Volume 58, Issue 2, Pages e1\u2013e14, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnw194\r\n[7]. Minichiello, V., Brown, J., &amp; Kednig, H. (2000). Perceptions and Consequences of Ageism: Views of Older People. Aging and Society, 20(3), 253-278. Doi:10.1017\/S0144686X99007710\r\n[8]. Nilamadhab, K (2015). Care Needs of Older Adults. Journal of Geriatric Care &amp; Research.\r\n[9]. Raina, D., i Balodi, G. (2014). Ageism and Stereotyping of the Older Adults. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2(2C), 733-739. Dostupno na: http:\/\/saspublisher.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/SJAMS-22C733-739.pdf\r\n[10]. Robb, C., Chen, H. &amp; Haley, W.E. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology (2002) 8: 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1013013322947\r\n[11]. Salzman, B. E. (2006). Myths and Realities of Ageing; Care Management Journals, Doi: 20.1891\/CMJ-V 7i3a006. Source: PubMed.\r\n[12]. Per Erik, S. (2016) Ageism and age discrimination in working life, Nordic Psychology, 68:3, 160-175, DOI: 10.1080\/19012276.2015.1095650\r\n[13]. Thornton, J. E. (April 2002), Myths of Aging or Ageist Stereotypes, Educational Gerontology, Doi:10.2080\/036012702753590415, www.researchgate.net\/publication\/233299331.\r\n[14]. Udhayakmar, P., and Ilango, P. (2013). Human Rights for the Wellbeing of Older Persons. International Journal of Applied Management Research (IJAMR) Tissl international Publications Belgium. ISSN: 0974-870.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Atumah, Oscar N. &amp; Abdulazeez, Hassan &#8220;Debunking Ageism, Myths &amp; Right of Older Persons in Africa &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.295-300 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/295-300.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/295-300.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/debunking-ageism-myths-right-of-older-persons-in-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Debunking Ageism, Myths &amp; Right of Older Persons in Africa <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b18ef51 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b18ef51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b18f03a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b18f03a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b18f1e9\" data-id=\"b18f1e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b18f356 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b18f356\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b18f414 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b18f414\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b18f591\" data-id=\"b18f591\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b18f6bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b18f6bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b18f767 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b18f767\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b18f8e2\" data-id=\"b18f8e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b18f9f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b18f9f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Availability, Awareness, Use and Users\u2019 Satisfaction with E-Resources in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Library Anambra State Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Muokebe, O. Bibana (CLN), Uche Enweani (CLN) &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 301-307<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b18faa1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b18faa1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b18fc18\" data-id=\"b18fc18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b194fea elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b194fea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the availability, awareness, use and users\u2019 satisfaction of library electronic resources in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU) Anambra State Nigeria. Electronic information resources help to expand access, increase usability and effectiveness and establish new ways for students to use information to be more productive in their academic activities. Survey design adopted. Multistage and Randomly sampling technique was used since the population was large. Total population of registered fulltime students, 4, 517 and part-time students are 1,984. Out of these number, 966 copies of the questionnaires distributed, 722 copies representing 75.2% were retrieved and found valid for analysis, using frequency count, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that substantial percentages of the undergraduates are only not aware of library electronic resources such as e-courseware, Internet search engines, e-books, e-reference materials, and e-past question papers, they make use of these e-resources as well as derive satisfaction with using those e-resources especially with regards to ease of use, accuracy, quality\/relevance, availability and accessibility of library e-resources to mention but few. With this in mind, one could conclude that generally, awareness, use of library electronic resources has significantly influence users\u2019 satisfaction in COOU.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 301-307\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muokebe, O. Bibana (CLN)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Library and Information Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Anambra State Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uche Enweani (CLN)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity Library, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Anambra State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adekinya, A. &amp;Adeyemo, M. (2006). Prospects of digital libraries in Africa. Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 10 (1), 1-12\r\n[2]. Adeniran, P. (2013) Usage of electronic resources by undergraduate students at the Redeemers University, Nigeria. International Journal of Library and information Science 5(10): 319-324\r\n[3]. Adewale, T. O. (2006). Gender sensitivity as a way of boosting female use of Nigerian tertiary institutions. Gateway Library Journal 9 (1) 60-71.\r\n[4]. Adeyemi, B. M. (2002). Problems and challenges of automating cataloguing process at Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan. African Journal of Library, Archival &amp; Information Science. 12 (2) 213 \u2013 222.\r\n[5]. Ajuwon, G.A (2003). Computer and Internet Use by First Year Clinical and Nursing students in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 3 (10) Available at http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14498997. Accessed on 11\/05\/11.\r\n[6]. Aliyu, Y. S (2004) Library stock as factor for improving quality education in Nigerian Colleges of Education. Borno Library, Archival and Information Science Journal (1&amp;2) 17-19.\r\n[7]. Ani, E. O., &amp;Ahiauzu, B. (2008).Towards effective development of electronic information resources in Nigerian University Libraries. Emerald, 29(6\/7), 504-514.\r\n[8]. Ani, O. E. &amp;Ahiauzu, B. (2008).Towards effective development of electronic information resources in Nigerian University Libraries. Library Management, 29(6\/7), 504 \u2013 514\r\n[9]. Aramide, K. A., &amp;Bolarinwa, O. M. (2010). Availability and use of audiovisual and electronic resources by distance learning students in Nigerian Universities: a case study of National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Ibadan Study Centre. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Retrieved from http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilprac\/393\/\r\n[10]. Arif, M., &amp;Mahmood, K. (2010). AllamaIqbal Open University library services to teachers: A survey.Pakistan Library &amp; Information Science Journal, 41(4).\r\n[11]. Cyprian, L. U. (2009). Information and communication technology (ICT) knowledge and skills of librarians at NnamdeAzikiwe library university of Nigeria, Nsukka. Journal of global review of library &amp; information science Vol 2(5), 23-45.\r\n[12]. Dadzie, P. S. (2005). Electronic resources: access and usage University College. Campus Wide Information Systems, 22(5), 290-297.\r\n[13]. Dar, T. H., Jeelani, S. G. M., Mir H. A. and Ganaie, S. A. (2017). USE OF ICT IN IIT AND IIM LIBRARIES OF INDIA. International Journal of Library &amp; Information Science (IJLIS). Vol. 6(1), pp. 01\u201318, Article ID: IJLIS_06_01_001. Available online at http:\/\/www.iaeme.com\/IJLIS\/issues.asp.\r\n[14]. Kelley, K. B., &amp; Orr, G.J. (2003). Trends in distant student use of electronic resources: a survey. College &amp; Research Libraries, 62(3), 176-191.\r\n[15]. Kumar, J. (2016). Webometric and Technology Analysis of Journal of Inequalities and Applications. International Journal of Library &amp; Information Science (IJLIS) Vol. 5(2), pp. 79\u201388, Article ID: IJLIS_05_02_009. Available online at http:\/\/www.iaeme.com\/IJLIS\/issues.asp.\r\n[16]. Kumar, M. M. and Gopalakrishnan, S. (2016). Use and Views on E Learning Materials among the Lis Professionals: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Library &amp;30 Information Science (IJLIS). Vol. 5(3). 09\u201323, Article ID: IJLIS_05_03_002. Available online at http:\/\/www.iaeme.com\/IJLIS\/issues.asp\r\n[17]. Lau, J. (2006). Guidelines on Information Literacy for Lifelong Learning. IFLA.\r\n[18]. Nnadozie, C.O. and Nwosu C. C. (2016). Analysis of Final Year Students\u2019 Satisfaction with Information Resources and Services in Four Nigerian Federal University Libraries. International Journal of Advanced Library and Information Science. Cloud Publications. Vol. 4(1), pp. 333-345,..\r\n[19]. Nwabueze, A.U and Urhiewhu, L.O(2015). Availability and use of digital information resources by undergraduates of universities in delta andedo states, Nigeria. International journal of digital library services. Vol 5(2) 1-12.\r\n[20]. Ochogwu, M (2007). Understanding Online Library and Information Resources. Borno Library, Archival and Information Science Journal. 6(1) 1-7.\r\n[21]. Ojo, R. A. &amp;Akande, S. O. (2005). Students access, usage and awareness of electronic information resources at the University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Lagos Journal of Library and Information Science. 3(1), 16 \u2013 24.\r\n[22]. Okello-Obura, C., &amp;Ikoja-Odongo, J. R. (2010).Electronic information seeking among LIS postgraduate students at Makerere University, Uganda. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal).Retrieved from http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilprac\/499\/\r\n[23]. Oketunji, I (2005). Education and training requirements for cataloguers in the millennium. Proceeding of selected papers of the cataloguing, classification and indexing section of Nigerian Library Association. 31-39.\r\n[24]. Omoike, A. D. (2013). Use of Electronic Resources by Distance Students in Nigeria: The Case of the National Open University, Lagos and Ibadan Study Centers. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Retrieved from http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilprac\r\n[25]. Prabhakar, S.V.R. and. Rani, S.V. M. (2017). Influence of Social Networking Sites on Library and Information Centers. International Journal of Library &amp; Information Science (IJLIS). Vol. 6(1), pp. 83\u201387, Article ID: IJLIS_06_01_010. Available online at http:\/\/www.iaeme.com\/IJLIS\/issues.asp.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Muokebe, O. Bibana (CLN), Uche Enweani (CLN) &#8220;Availability, Awareness, Use and Users\u2019 Satisfaction with E-Resources in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Library Anambra State Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.301-307 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/301-307.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/301-307.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/availability-awareness-use-and-users-satisfaction-with-e-resources-in-chukwuemeka-odumegwu-ojukwu-university-library-anambra-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Availability, Awareness, Use and Users\u2019 Satisfaction with E-Resources in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Library Anambra State Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b195f96 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b195f96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b196092 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b196092\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b196229\" data-id=\"b196229\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b19635c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b19635c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b196411 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b196411\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b196567\" data-id=\"b196567\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b196690 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b196690\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b196732 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b196732\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b19688e\" data-id=\"b19688e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1969d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1969d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b196a83 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b196a83\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b196bfd\" data-id=\"b196bfd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b196d1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b196d1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Accessibility and Utilization of Information Resources on Students\u2019 Learning Outcomes in Selected Government Secondary Schools in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Uche Enweani (CLN), Muokebe, O. Bibana (CLN) &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 308-313<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b196dc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b196dc5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b196f2b\" data-id=\"b196f2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b19705c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b19705c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was on the Accessibility and Utilization of Information Resources on Students&#8217; Learning Outcomes in selected Government Secondary Schools in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State. The study population comprised five Government Secondary schools out of sixty teen in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State. However, related literatures were reviewed from textbooks, journals and past researches. The research questions include; what are the roles of information resources in learning? Are information resources accessible by students in private schools? The research instrument was questionnaire which was statistically analyzed with contingency tables. It was discovered that there is a significant relationship between availability, accessibility and utilization of information resources and students&#8217; learning outcomes. Therefore, the finding revealed that the proprietors of secondary schools should procure more information resources, facilities and equipment to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of students and teachers in private secondary schools. This study suggested that proprietors of secondary schools should put more interest in the use of Information resources to guarantee effective teaching \u2013 learning process within their systems.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 308-313\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uche Enweani (CLN) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity Library, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Anambra State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muokebe, O. Bibana (CLN) <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Library and Information Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Anambra State Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adeoye, M. O., Popoola, S. O. (2011): Teaching Effectiveness, Availability, Accessibility and Use of Library and Information Resources among Teaching Staff of Schools of Nursing in Osun and Oyo State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practices. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.webpages.uidaho.edu\/~mbolin\/ adeoye-popoola.htm\r\n[2]. Arua, U and Chinaka G, I., (2011). \u201cUse of Library Resources by Staff and Students of Secondary Schools in Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State Journal of library Philosophy and Practice accessed from http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1821&amp;context=libphilprac\r\n[3]. Egesimba, N. M., Quadri, R.F.; Dimkpa, T.N. &amp;Ezebuike, M.N. (2011).Adequate Materials as Pre-Requisite for Functional School Library, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 (4) 34-46.\r\n[4]. Ezeala, L. O. and Yusuff, E. O. (2011): User Satisfaction with Library Resources and Services in Nigerian Agriculture Research Institutes. Library Philosophy and Practice. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.webpages.uidaho.edu\/~mbolin\/ezeala- yusuff.pdf\r\n[5]. Jonathan, N. Chimah and UdoNwokwocha (2013): Information Resources, Retrieval and utilization for Effective Research in Tertiary and Research Institutions: Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (AJHSS) Vol(1) 3\r\n[6]. McAlbert, F.U, Ugwunna I .S, Ikechukwu .N and Ogu D.C (2015)Availability of School Libraries and their Standards in selected Secondary Schools in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State. International Journal of Academic Library and Information Science. Vol. 3(6), pp. 149-155.\r\n[7]. Ochai, G. (2007): Information and Communication Technologies at a Glance. Nsukka; Excellent Press\r\n[8]. Ogbebor, O. (2011): Library Resources and Their Role in Education. Retrieved from http:\/\/osarome.blogspot.com\/2011\/12\/library-resources-and-their-role- in.html#!\/ 2011\/12\/library-resources-and-their-role-in.html\r\n[9]. Paton-Ash, M.S., (2012). Issues and challenges facing school libraries: A case study of selected primary schools in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Thesis the degree of Master of Education Rhodes University\r\n[10]. Yusuf, M.S ( 2013). School libraries and the development of information literacy in Nigerian secondary education system. In Issa, A.O, Igwe, K.N and Uzuegbu(eds). Provision of library information services users in the era of globalization. Lagos: Waltodanny Visual Concept\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Uche Enweani (CLN), Muokebe, O. Bibana (CLN) &#8220;Accessibility and Utilization of Information Resources on Students\u2019 Learning Outcomes in Selected Government Secondary Schools in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.308-313 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/308-313.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/308-313.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/accessibility-and-utilization-of-information-resources-on-students-learning-outcomes-in-selected-government-secondary-schools-in-onitsha-north-local-government-area-of-anambra-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Accessibility and Utilization of Information Resources on Students\u2019 Learning Outcomes in Selected Government Secondary Schools in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b19f2dc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b19f2dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b19f3d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b19f3d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b19f570\" data-id=\"b19f570\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b19f6a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b19f6a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b19f74b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b19f74b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b19f8b2\" data-id=\"b19f8b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b19f9c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b19f9c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b19fa6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b19fa6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b19fbc0\" data-id=\"b19fbc0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b19fccf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b19fccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b19fd6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b19fd6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b19feda\" data-id=\"b19feda\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b19ffe9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b19ffe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Commercialization of Fuel Wood in Bamenda II Subdivision, North West Region of Cameroon<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sop Sop Maturin Desir\u00e9, Tizih Mirabel Ngum, Kemadjou Mbakemi Deric Larey &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 314-322<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a0092 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a0092\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a01ee\" data-id=\"b1a01ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a0314 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1a0314\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The mid-1980s\u2019 economic crisis in Cameroon led to poverty and high rates of unemployment. This phenomenon forced many people to fuel wood exploitation as a source of income and employment. More than 3\/4 of the population of Bamenda II has limited access to modern energy sources such as domestic gas and so has resorted to the use of fuel wood as their major source of cooking energy.The objective of this study is to examine the various actors involved in the marketing and consumption of fuel wood in the Bamenda II. The methodology consisted of using questionnaire, interview of stakeholders, direct observations and data collected from secondary sources; it was revealed that the fuel wood in Bamenda II is supplied more from outside the Sub- Division than local sources like Bali, Santa, amongst others. The results also show that over 128,544 tons of firewood is commercialized per annum. The beneficial aspects of firewood consumption are manifested in its socio-economic gains by vendors such as improvement in living standards and stimulation of savings. The major negative implication noted was that of loss of resources and air pollution which can be ameliorated via afforestation and the use of improved stoves.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 314-322\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sop Sop Maturin Desir\u00e9<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography, Higher Teacher\u2019s Training College (HTTC)-The University of Bamenda, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tizih Mirabel Ngum<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography, Higher Teacher\u2019s Training College (HTTC)-The University of Bamenda, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kemadjou Mbakemi Deric Larey<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Arts, Letters and Social Sciences -The University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Afrea, (2011): Wood-based biomass energy development for Sub-SaharanAfrica: issues and approaches. The World Bank Group, Washington D.C. 46 p.\r\n[2]. Agyarko.Aba.O (2009): Household Energy, Coping Strategies and Health Effects in the Bongo District of Ghana, Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi. Accessed 17.12.2016\r\n[3]. Bhattarai R. D. (2014): Household Fuel and Energy Use for Rural Development inNepal (A Case Study in Ilam District), Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norway. Accessed on 23.9.2016.\r\n[4]. Eba\u2019aAtyi, J. NgouhouoPoufoun, J-P.MvondoAwono, A. NgoungoureManjeli and R. SufoKankeu (2016): Economic and social importance of fuelwood in Cameroon, International Forestry Review Vol.18 (S10).\r\n[5]. Ekouevi, K. and Tuntivate, V, (2011): Household Energy Access for Cooking and Heating: Lessons Learned and the Way Forward. Energy and Mining Sector on Board Discussion Paper N\u00b0 23.The World Bank, Washington, DC. 52 p. Accessed 12.12.2016.\r\n[6]. FAO (2016): African Forestry and Wildlife Commission: Enhancing Sustainability and Efficiency of Wood fuel Production and Consumption. FO: AFWC\/2016\/7\r\n[7]. IEA. (2010): World Energy Outlook: Paris, International Energy Agency (available at www.worldenergyoutlook.org\/media\/weo2010.pdf). Accessed 16.12.2016\r\n[8]. Jolien, S., Guy, P. D., Arend van der, G., &amp; Richard, M., (2014): An Approach to Promote REDD+ Compatible Wood-fuel Value Chains [Online] Available at: clean cook stoves.org\/resources.\r\n[9]. MINEE (Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Energie et de l\u2019Eau), (2010): Syst\u00e8me et information\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du Cameroun. 2010 Report, Yaound\u00e9, SIE, Cameroun. 174p.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sop Sop Maturin Desir\u00e9, Tizih Mirabel Ngum, Kemadjou Mbakemi Deric Larey &#8220;Commercialization of Fuel Wood in Bamenda II Subdivision, North West Region of Cameroon&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.314-322 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/314-322.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/314-322.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/commercialization-of-fuel-wood-in-bamenda-ii-subdivision-north-west-region-of-cameroon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Commercialization of Fuel Wood in Bamenda II Subdivision, North West Region of Cameroon<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a1143 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1a1143\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a1249 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a1249\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a13d7\" data-id=\"b1a13d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a14f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a14f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a7007 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a7007\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a7268\" data-id=\"b1a7268\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a73ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a73ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a7477 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a7477\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a75d8\" data-id=\"b1a75d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a76e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a76e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a7791 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a7791\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a7902\" data-id=\"b1a7902\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a7a1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a7a1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The United Nations Resolution of December 21, 2017: The Idealist Theoretical Perspective<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Charles Chidi Eleonu, PhD &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 323-329<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a7abb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a7abb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a7c2f\" data-id=\"b1a7c2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a7d5e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1a7d5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The idealists face hard criticisms and blame for not focusing much on how the world really is but on how the world should be. The significance of this paper is in its ability to actually help to expand the understanding of the implications of the idealist paradigm in particular and the liberal theory for world peace. President Trump of the United States on December 6, 2017 unilaterally declared Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. The UN General Assembly with 128 nations in an emergency meeting held on December 27, 2017, pronounced President Trump\u2019s decision null and void. This paper found that the General Assembly resolution and pronouncement stands despite the United States threat of withdrawal of funds to the United Nations and threat of denial of aid to other countries perceived as enemies of the United States. That the 14 Security Council members of the United Nations upheld the decision not to recognize Jerusalem as capital of Israel. That the unilateral decision of the United States was in violation of the Security Council Resolution 478 adopted in 1980 and the international law. In conclusion, this paper supports a framework in which relationships between countries can be analyzed and reinstates the position of the idealists in international relations that conflicts can be resolved amicably without necessarily going to war.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 323-329\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Charles Chidi Eleonu, PhD <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPort Harcourt Polytechnic, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abalkin, L.Dzarasov, S. Kulikov, A. (1983) Political EconomyMoscow: Progress Publishers.\r\n[2]. Ake, C. (1981) A Political Economy of Africa(Nigeria: Longman).\r\n[3]. Amale, A. S. (2002), The Constraints of Nigeria\u2019s Economic Diplomacy in Ogwu and Olukoshi (eds.) The Economic Diplomacy of the Nigerian State\r\n[4]. Carr, E. H. (1939) The Twenty Years&#8217; Crisis, cited in (Snyder, 2004. p.52)\r\n[5]. Carr E. H.(1939) cited in (Brian C. Schmidt, 1998, p.219).\r\n[6]. Cleveland, William L and Martin Bunt: \u201cA History of the Middle East\u201d Read How You Want (2010).\r\n[7]. Ihonvbere, Julius O. (1982) Resource Availability and Foreign Policy Change: The Impact of Oil on Nigerian Foreign Policy since Independence Africa Spectrum Books.\r\n[8]. Jacques F, Cecelia. M. L, Karen Mingst (2018) \u201cUnited Nations: International Organization\u201d\r\n[9]. Encyclopedia Britannica.\r\n[10]. Morgenthau, Hans (1948) Politics Among Nations cited in (Burchill, and Linklater, 2005, p1).\r\n[11]. Mona B; Sewell C; Irit P. G; Gala. T. (2017)\u201d Conflict in Jerusalem is distinctly modern. Here\u2019s the History\u201d New York Times. December\r\n[12]. Schneider (1974). H. K., Economic Man: The Anthropology of Economics, N. York: the Free Press,\r\n[13]. BBC News (2017) \u201cJerusalem: UN Resolution rejects Trump\u2019s Declaration\u201d December 22.\r\n[14]. CNN News (2017)\u201cThe UN Resolution of 21 December on Jerusalem\u2019s Status\u201dDecember 22.\r\n[15]. United Nations Meetings Coverage and Press Releases: General Assembly\/Plenary; Tenth Emergency Special Session, 37th Meeting. 21 December 2017.www.un.org\r\n[16]. The Premium Times Nigeria December 22, 2017.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Charles Chidi Eleonu, PhD &#8220;The United Nations Resolution of December 21, 2017: The Idealist Theoretical Perspective&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.323-329 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/323-329.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/323-329.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-united-nations-resolution-of-december-21-2017-the-idealist-theoretical-perspective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The United Nations Resolution of December 21, 2017: The Idealist Theoretical Perspective<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a8bce elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1a8bce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a8cc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a8cc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a8e3c\" data-id=\"b1a8e3c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a8f69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a8f69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a900a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a900a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a916a\" data-id=\"b1a916a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a9273 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a9273\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a9320 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a9320\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a947e\" data-id=\"b1a947e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a958c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a958c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a962c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a962c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a978f\" data-id=\"b1a978f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a98ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a98ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Art Therapy As A Treatment For Depression: Case of Control Group at Langata Women\u2019s Prison Nairobi &#8211; Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gituro Wainaina, Nyawira Kuria &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 330-336<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a994b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a994b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1ab837\" data-id=\"b1ab837\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1abf27 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1abf27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Objective was to assess effectiveness of art therapy as treatment for depression among incarcerated women at Langata Women Prison using Bandura\u2019s social learning theory and cognitive behavioral theory. Unit of analysis was imprisoned women and Becks Depression Inventory (BDI-II) 21-item self-report scale was given to a sample of 217 prisoners to identify presence and severity levels of depression. Research was done with remands because prisoners had on-going programs. BDI-II (pre-test) questionnaires were distributed to determine levels of depression of 113 remands based on their levels of depression and 55 responded. Control did not get any art therapy treatment during the six sessions that treatment group underwent. After six weeks, control group was subjected again to BDI-II test and results indicated that most of incarcerated women had severe depression. From analysis, there was no significant reduction of depression among control group. Based on the results, at time of arrest, mental assessment should be done and those that require further assessment need to be referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist; special attention should be given to new mothers; and for those who end up in prison.The results should be generalized with caution to other prisons in Kenya.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 330-336\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gituro Wainaina<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nyawira Kuria<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Becoming a student of oneself: Activating the witness in meditation, art and super-vision. American. Journal of Art Therapy, 38 (1), 2\r\n[24]. Garza, Y., &amp; Bratton, S. C. (2005). School-based child-centered play therapy with Hispanic children: Outcomes and cultural consideration. International Journal of Play Therapy, 14(1), 51\r\n[25]. Greifinger, R. (Ed.). (2007). Public health behind bars: From prisons to communities. Springer Science &amp; Business Media\r\n[26]. Gunter, T. D., Chibnall, J. T., Antoniak, S. K., Philibert, R. A., &amp; Hollenbeck, N. (2011). Predictors of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm without lethal intent in a community corrections sample. Journalof Criminal Justice, 39, 238-245\r\n[27]. Gussak, D. (1997a). The ultimate hidden weapon: Art therapy and the compromise option. In D. Gussak &amp; E. Virshup (Eds.), Drawing Time: Art Therapy in Prisons and Other Correctional Settings (pp. 59\u201374). Chicago: Magnolia Street Publishers\r\n[28]. Gussak, D. (1997b). Breaking through barriers: Advantages of art therapy in prison. In D. Gussak &amp; E. Virshup (Eds.), Drawing time: Art therapy in prisons and other correctional settings (pp. 1\u201312). Chicago: Magnolia Street Publishers\r\n[29]. Gussak, D., &amp; Cohen-Liebman, M. S. (2001). Investigation vs. intervention: Forensic art therapy and art therapy in forensic settings. The American Journal of Art Therapy, 40(2), 123\r\n[30]. Gussak, D. (2004a). A pilot research study on the efficacy of art therapy with prison inmates. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 31(4), 245\u2013259\r\n[31]. Gussak, D. (2004). Art therapy with prison inmates: A pilot study. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 31(4), 245-259\r\n[32]. Gussak, D., &amp; Ploumis-Devick, E. (2004). Creating wellness in correctional populations through the arts: An interdisciplinary model. Visual Arts Research, 35-43\r\n[33]. Gussak, D. (2006). Effects of art therapy with prison inmates: A follow-up study. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 33(3), 188-198\r\n[34]. Gussak, D. (2007). The effectiveness of art therapy in reducing depression in prison populations. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 51(4), 444-460\r\n[35]. Gussak, D. (2009). Comparing the effectiveness of art therapy on depression and locus of control of male and female inmates. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 36(4), 202-207\r\n[36]. Gussak, D. E. (2013). Art therapy in the prison subculture: Maintaining boundaries while breaking barriers. Using art therapy with diverse populations: Crossing cultures and abilities, 328-381\r\n[37]. Hacking, S. (1999). The psychopathology of everyday art: A quantitative study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Keele)\r\n[38]. Houck, K. D. F., &amp; Loper, A. B. (2002). The relationship of parenting stress to adjustment among mothers in prison. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72(4), 548-558\r\n[39]. James, D. J., &amp; Glaze, L. E. (2006). Mental health problems of prison and jail inmates. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Bureau of Justice\r\n[40]. Johnson, L. M. (2008). A place for art in prison: Art as a tool for rehabilitation and management. Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice, 5(2)\r\n[41]. Kamoyo, J. M., Nyaga, V. K., Barchok, H. K., Mburugu, B., &amp; Chuka, K. Effects of imprisonment on interpersonal relationships among female inmates in selected prisons in Kenya. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (Paper) 2224-5766 ISSN (Online) 2225-0484 (Online) Vol.5, No.16, 2015\r\n[42]. Konrad, N. (2007). Research trends preventing suicide in prisons, part I. Recommendations from the International Association for Suicide Prevention Task Force on suicide in prisons. Hogrefe &amp; Huber Publishers. Crisis 2007; Vol. 28(3): 113\u2013121 doi 10.1027\/0227-5910.28.3.113\r\n[43]. Krejcie, R. 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Vol. 4 Nos 1 &amp; 2.\r\n[66]. Zung, W. W. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of general psychiatry, 12(1), 63-70\r\n[67]. Zweben, J. (2011). Women\u2019s treatment in criminal justice settings. Handbook of evidence based-substance abuse treatment in criminal justice settings. New York, NY: Springer Science\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gituro Wainaina, Nyawira Kuria &#8220;Art Therapy As A Treatment For Depression: Case of Control Group at Langata Women\u2019s Prison Nairobi &#8211; Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.330-336 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/330-336.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1ad89c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1ad9f5\" data-id=\"b1ad9f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1adb0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1adb0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1adbad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1adbad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1add34\" data-id=\"b1add34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ade6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1ade6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Government Sponsorship of Pilgrimage in Nigeria: The Implication to a Challenging Economy<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Charles Chidi Eleonu Phd, Madume, Winston &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 337-343<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1adf40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1adf40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1ae0ce\" data-id=\"b1ae0ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ae1fd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1ae1fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In Nigeria, over 7.9 Billion naira concession was given by the federal government of Nigeria for sponsorship of pilgrims. This has been condemned by many Nigerians for it is viewed as a reckless spending and as wasteful in the face of the Nigerian challenging economy today. The argument is that there are roads, schools, hospitals and lacking infrastructure to be built. People of Nigeria need good, portable drinking water and good rail, water, and air transport systems. Spending on pilgrimage may have more adverse effects on the economy and on the welfare of the generality of the Nigerian people. Government wealth is for the entire Nigerian populace and such wealth must be used in a way that the entire populace will benefit. At this critical time Nigeria\u2019s problems when solved will bring back the battered, disfigured image. Pilgrimage is about spirituality. Most people find their spiritual life intricately linked to their association with a church, temple, mosque and synagogue or in performing a pilgrimage. The paper observes that outright cancellation of government sponsorship of pilgrims may produce negative results on the citizen\u2019s spirituality. Not sponsoring pilgrims may not be a way to improve government\u2019s financial stand. It could be a turning away from God. The paper therefore recommends selected sponsorship of devoted clerics and religious faithful.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 337-343\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Charles Chidi Eleonu Phd<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Public Administration, Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Madume, Winston<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept. of Public Administration, Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. African Development Bank Group (2015) The Knowledge &amp; Information Center (KVRC),\r\n[2]. BP 323 -1002 TUNIS Belvedere (Tunisia)\r\n[3]. Breitbart, W. Spirituality and meaning in supportive care: spirituality- and meaning-centered group psychotherapy interventions in advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2002;10(4):272-80.\r\n[4]. Efficace, F.Marrone, R. (2002) Spiritual issues and quality of life assessment in cancer care. Death Stud. 2002;26(9):743-56.\r\n[5]. Gaudia, G. (2007) About intercessory prayer: the scientific study of miracles. MedGenMed.9(1):56.\r\n[6]. Hayes, Adam (2016) in African Economic Outlook (AEO) January 7,\r\n[7]. Idumange, John. (2009), Niger Delta Integrity Group, NDIG September\r\n[8]. Ikedo, F., Gangahar D.M, Quader M.A, Smith L.M. (2007) The effects of prayer, relaxation technique during generalanesthesia Complement TherClinPract. 13(2):85-94.\r\n[9]. Kim, S.S. (2011) Spirituality and psychological well-being: testing a theory of family interdependence among family caregivers and their elders. Res Nurs Health.34(2):103-15.\r\n[10]. Lawler-Row, K.A, Elliott J. (2009) The role of religious activity and spirituality in the health and well-being ofolder adults. J Health Psychol. 14(1):43-52.\r\n[11]. Longo, D.A, Peterson SM. The role of spiritualiy in psychosocial rehabilitation. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2002; 25(4):333-40.\r\n[12]. McCaffrey, A.M, Eisenberg D.M, Legedza A.T, Davis R.B, Phillips RS.(2004) Prayer for health concernsresults of a national survey on prevalence. Arch Intern Med.164(8):858-62.\r\n[13]. Neff, J.A, Shorkey C.T, Windsor L.C. (2006) Contrasting faith-based and traditional substance abuse treatmentprograms. J Subst Abuse Treat. 30(1):49-61.\r\n[14]. Peregrinio, B. (2016) every Nigerian.Vanguard news paper, 6th August.PM News July 13, 2015\r\n[15]. Sloan,R..P.Ramakrishnan, R. (2006) Science, medicine, and intercessory prayer. PerspectBiol Med.49(4):504-14.\r\n[16]. Sulmasy, D.P. (2009) Spirituality, religion, and clinical care.Chest.135(6):1634-42.\r\n[17]. Tanyi, R. A, Werner J. S. (2007) Spirituality in African American and Caucasian women with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis treatment. Health Care Women Int. 28(2):141-54.\r\n[18]. Federal Republic of Nigeria:The 1999 constitution section (10) as amended Resolving Nigeria&#8217;s Debt Through a Discounted Buyback&#8221;. CenterFor Global Development. retrieved11 June 2015.\r\n[19]. Forget the Brics: Citi&#8217;s Willem Buiter Presents The 11 &#8220;3G&#8221; Countries That Will Win The Future&#8221;. businessinsider.com. 22 February 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.\r\n[20]. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2012, Columbia University Press. http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/leaders\/21600685-nigerias-nigeria rebasing gdp &#8211; Google Search&#8221;. Retrieved 11 June 2015.\r\n[21]. \u2019\u2019Economy of Nigeria\u2019\u2019 Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia\r\n[22]. 2016 Index of Economic Freedom: The Heritage Foundationhttp:\/\/www.wallstreetjournal.com\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Charles Chidi Eleonu Phd, Madume, Winston &#8220;Government Sponsorship of Pilgrimage in Nigeria: The Implication to a Challenging Economy&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.337-343 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/337-343.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/337-343.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/government-sponsorship-of-pilgrimage-in-nigeria-the-implication-to-a-challenging-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Government Sponsorship of Pilgrimage in Nigeria: The Implication to a Challenging Economy<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1be793 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1be793\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1be885 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1be885\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1bea1b\" data-id=\"b1bea1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1beb51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1beb51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1bebfc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1bebfc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1bed56\" data-id=\"b1bed56\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1bee6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1bee6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1bef11 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1bef11\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1bf075\" data-id=\"b1bf075\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1bf184 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1bf184\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1bf22a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1bf22a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1bf38e\" data-id=\"b1bf38e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1bf4a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1bf4a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Facilities in Collection Development in University Libraries in South East, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kelechi Chukwunonso Ezema, Joseph Ahemba Gbuushi &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 344-349<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1bf542 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1bf542\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1bf6b3\" data-id=\"b1bf6b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1bf7d6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1bf7d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study is an examination on the use of ICT facilities in collection development among collection practitioners of three federal university libraries in South East, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was use for the study. The population of the study comprises of all the personnel of the university libraries\u2019 who participated in collection development practice. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the institutional libraries for the study. Data collected through questionnaire were descriptively analysed using mean and standard deviation. Results indicated that collection practitioners utilize some of the facilities to a high extent and that the facilities are benefiting the university libraries under study. The study also revealed a significance difference in the mean response of University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), and Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike(MOUAU)collection development practitioners on the extent to which ICT facilities are used in federal university libraries in South East, Nigeria; the problems affecting the use of ICT facilities as well as significance difference in the mean response of UNN, FUTO and MOUAU collection development practitioners. The study concludes that university library management need to provide an enabling environment for ICT facilities; collection development practitioners must possess good knowledge in order to enjoy efficient benefits of ICT facilities; training programme on the use of these facilities should be organized from time to time.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 344-349\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kelechi Chukwunonso Ezema<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLibrary and Information Science, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Ahemba Gbuushi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity Library and Information Services Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aina, L. O. (2004). Coping with the challenges of library and information delivery services: The need for institutionalized professional development. Nigerian Library Association Conference Proceedings 2004, p.4\r\n[2]. Aiyebelehin, J. A. (2011), Information and communication technology application in collection development in covenant university library Ota Nigeria.Samaru Journal of Information Studies 11(1&amp;2), 31-38.\r\n[3]. American Library Association(2018). Changing roles of academic and research libraries,http:\/\/www.ala.org\/acrl\/issues\/value\/changingroles Document ID: 7d1f911e-de0c-45e9-aab1-b283a08256fa\r\n[4]. Ashcroft, L. (2004). Developing competencies, critical analysis and personal transferable skills in future information professionals.Library Review. 53(2), 82-88.\r\n[5]. Ebijuwa, A. A. (2005). Infromation and Communication technology in university libraries: The Nigeria experience. Library and Information Science, 7(1&amp;2), 23-30\r\n[6]. Edekor, J. (2004). The use of ICTs in African public libraries.A survey of ten countries in Anglophone Africa.\r\n[7]. Emuhohwo, U. M. &amp;Abdullahi, M. G. (2006).The perils of internet. Explorer Journal of Science and Technology, 1(1), pp. 56-71.\r\n[8]. Esew, M. &amp;Ikyembe, B. F. (2013), ICT and transformation of Nigerian libraries in enhancing educational development in academic institutions: Challenges and solutions. Information and Knowledge Management.3(12).\r\n[9]. Ezeani, C. N. (2010). Information communication technology: An overview. In E. C. Madu&amp; C. N. Ezeani (Eds).Modern Library &amp; Information Science for Information Professions in Africa.Ibadan: Text Links Publishers. Pp. 9-28.\r\n[10]. Ezekwe, F. A, (2019).Availability and utilization of information and communication technology resources by undergraduate library users in Anambra State University libraries, Nigeria.&#8221;Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2473. https:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilprac\/2473\r\n[11]. Golwal, M. D. &amp;Motewar, N. (2012).Library collection development with special reference to digital era. Retrieved from http:\/\/eiirj1.weebly.com\/uploads\/1\/0\/8\/0\/10800505\/5.pdf\r\n[12]. IFLA (2012). Key issues for e-resources collection development: A Guide for libraries. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ifla.org\/files\/acquisition-collection\r\n[13]. Johnson, P. (2014). Fundamentals of Collection Development and Management, 3rd ed. Chicago: American Library Association.\r\n[14]. Obidike, N., &amp; Mole, A J.C. (2015). Assessment of electronic collection development in Nigerian university libraries.Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1326. Retrieved from http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilprac\/1326\r\n[15]. Odufuwa, S. (2006).Information and communication technology (ICT) as a research tool in libraries.Nigerbiblios 17 (1&amp;2), 100-115\r\n[16]. Ogunsola, L. A (2004). Nigerian university libraries and the challenges of globalization: the way forward. Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship.5(2 &amp;3), 1-10 www.southernLibrarianship.icaap.org\/content\/v05n02\/ogunsola.101.htm.\r\n[17]. Okolo, S. E., Eserada, R. E.; Ugboh, P. N.; &amp;Ngbo, D. L., (2019). Collections and Collection Development Exercise in Libraries: A Perspective in View. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2244. https:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilprac\/2244\r\n[18]. Oyedokun, T. T.; Oyewumi, F. A.; Akanbi, M. L.; &amp;Laaro, D. M. (2018).Assessment of ICT competencies of library staff in selected universities in Kwara State, Nigeria.Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1797. Retrieved from https:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilprac\/1797\r\n[19]. Tiamiyu, M.A. (2000). Developing Automated Libraries Systems in Developing Countries: Issues and Strategies, in Tiamiyu, M.A. and Ajibola (eds) Library Automation for the Information Age Concepts Technologies and Strategies. Ibadan: Fundamental Publications. P.14\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kelechi Chukwunonso Ezema, Joseph Ahemba Gbuushi &#8220;Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Facilities in Collection Development in University Libraries in South East, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.344-349 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/344-349.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/344-349.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/use-of-information-and-communication-technology-ict-facilities-in-collection-development-in-university-libraries-in-south-east-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Facilities in Collection Development in University Libraries in South East, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ce8d0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1ce8d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1ce9c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1ce9c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1ceb55\" data-id=\"b1ceb55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1cec88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1cec88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1ced2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1ced2c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1cee81\" data-id=\"b1cee81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1cef8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1cef8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1cf034 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1cf034\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1cf17a\" data-id=\"b1cf17a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1cf287 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1cf287\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1cf324 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1cf324\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1cf499\" data-id=\"b1cf499\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1cf5ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1cf5ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Contribution of Teachers\u2019 competencies on Enhancing Job Performance in Tanzania\u2019s Public Secondary Schools<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Emanuel Siray Mollel &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 350-357<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1cf654 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1cf654\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1cf7c4\" data-id=\"b1cf7c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1cf8ff elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1cf8ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the teachers\u2019 competencies contribution to enhancing job performance among public secondary school teachers. The study was conducted in four regions in Tanzania mainland which includes Arusha, Coast, Njombe and Singida. It involved 314 respondent drawn using purposive. The resultant quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 in data analysis while strategically employing a structured equation model that applied multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that there is a statistical significant positive relationship between teachers\u2019 skills and job performance in Tanzania\u2019s public secondary schools. The regression results also indicate that teachers, who had attended the training, acquired relevant competencies that have significantly enhanced their job performance and contribution to the provision of quality education in the country\u2019s pubic secondary schools. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the development of training programmes has to ensure that the contents for delivery are geared towards imparting relevant competencies likely to enhance the teachers\u2019 performance of duties and responsibilities in the country\u2019s public secondary schools.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 350-357\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emanuel Siray Mollel<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgency for the Development of Educational Management (ADEM), Tanzania\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abeba, M. (2015) The Impact of training and development on employee performance and effectiveness. A case study of five districts in Ethiopia. Journal of human resources and sustainability studies Vol 3-188-202\r\n[2]. Adam, O., Stella, O., Mwanangoro, S. &amp; Yona, K. (2017). The importance of training and development on performance for public water Utilities in Tanzania. African Journal of Education and Human Resources Management, Vol. (2) pp 10-18.\r\n[3]. Adesole, M., Oyenyi, K., &amp; Adeyemi, M. (2013) Empirical study of the relationship between staff training and job performance among Nigerian bank institutions. Internal Journal of Academic Research in Education and Management Sciences, Vol. 2(6) pp 108-115\r\n[4]. Adunola, O. (2011), &#8220;The Impact of Teachers&#8217; Teaching Methods on the Academic Performance of Primary School Pupils in Ijebu-Ode Local cut Area of Ogun State,&#8221; Ego Booster Books, Ogun State, Nigeria. [2].\r\n[5]. Amin, T.&amp; Shila, S. (2015). Enhancing organization effectiveness by performing appraisal, training, and employees\u2019 participation. European journal of business management Vol 7 no.12\r\n[6]. Anna, L. (2017) The deputy principal instructional leadership roles and professional learning, perceptions of secondary schools in Australia\r\n[7]. Armstrong, M. &amp; Baron, A. (1998), Performance Management: The New Realities, Institute of Personnel and Development, London.\r\n[8]. Bhalalusesa, E., Westbrook, J., Lussier, K., Sima, R., Qorro, M., Katabaro, J., Matonya, M., Tiboroha, J.&amp; Nzima, I. (2011). Teacher Preparation and Continuing Professional Development in Africa: The Preparation of Teachers in Reading and Mathematics and Influence on Practices in Tanzanian Primary Schools. Centre for International Education: University of Sussex.\r\n[9]. Chilumika, N. (2013). 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(2011) \u2018The \u2018shape\u2019 of teacher professionalism in England: professional standards, performance management, professional development and the changes. British Educational Research Journal, 37 (5), 851\u2013870.\r\n[14]. Filipatali, T. (2013) Evaluation of professional development initiatives for science tutors in Diploma Teachers colleges in Tanzania (Unpublished M.Ed Science thesis). University of Dar es Salaam. Dar es Salaam\r\n[15]. Geroy, D. &amp; Wexley, P. (2001) Changing the mindset, the training myth and the need for a word class performance International journal of human resources management Vol. 12 (4) 586-600\r\n[16]. Gupta, C. (2007) Human resource management (8th ed.). New Delhi.\r\n[17]. Heike, B. (2017) Developing vocational competencies in secondary schools in the United Kingdom. Journal of training and Development Vol. 41 pp 39-49\r\n[18]. Mlingi, D., Jagero, N. &amp; Komba, V.(2012) The relationship between the Job Training and Employee&#8217;s Performance in Courier Companies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2 (22), 114 120.\r\n[19]. Jie, S.&amp; Roger, D. (2006) Training and management development in Chinese multinational enterprises, employee relations Journal vol.28(4) 342-362.\r\n[20]. Martin, J. (2005) Organizational behavior and management (3rd ed). London: Thomson Learning.\r\n[21]. Mbamba, U. &amp; Gesase, A. (2013) predictive ability secondary schools students performance to first year undergraduate students performance : the case of University of Dar es salaam Business schools students Journal of Business Management Vol.4 pg 64-124\r\n[22]. Mlyuka, E. (2015) The quest for a teacher job satisfaction-job performance relationship in Tanzania public primary schools, Ph.D. thesis, the Open University of Tanzania.\r\n[23]. NECTA (2016) The National examination results for ordinary level certificate\r\n[24]. Omari, I. (2012) The Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, Education Sector Human Resources situation analysis, Human resources for quality Education in Tanzania\r\n[25]. Peter, M. (2017) newly qualified teacher&#8217;s professional learning through practitioner inquiry. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education Vol. 6 pp 242-260\r\n[26]. Peterson, J., Walumbwa, O., Avolio, J. &amp; Hannah, T. (2012) \u201cThe relationship between authentic leadership and follower job performance: the mediating role of follower positivity in extreme contexts\u201d, The Leadership Quarterly Journal, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 502-516.\r\n[27]. Raymond L, Hague N. &amp; Sharon F. (2004) &#8220;The Effect of Professional Identification on Job Attitudes: A Study of Lawyers In Hong Kong&#8221;, Organizational Analysis, Vol. 12 pp.109 \u2013 128\r\n[28]. Rongjin, H. (2017) Perceived professional knowledge and competencies of math teachers and its development in China, International Journal of the lesson and learning studies Vol 6 pp 321-335\r\n[29]. Rwegoshora, H. (2006) A Guide to social science research. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki and Nyota Publishers Ltd.\r\n[30]. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. &amp; Thornhill, A. (2009) Research methods for business students (5th ed.). Harlow: Prentice Hall\r\n[31]. Stephen, T., Wucis, S., Liuduan, Y. &amp; Opata, N. (2017) The impact of Training and Development on employees performance a case study of Millicom Ghana limited: International Journal of Information Research and Review Vol. 4 pp 3482-3487\r\n[32]. Tukunimulongo, J. (2016) Effect of on the job Training on Employees Performance in Kenya a case of Mumias Sugar Company Ltd. International Journal of Research in Commerce, Economics and Management\r\n[33]. URT (2015) The Basic Educational Statistics for Tanzania\r\n[34]. Wachira, J. M. (2013) The relationship between Employee Engagement and Commitment in Barclays Bank of Kenya. Master&#8217;s Thesis, School of Business, University of Nairobi\r\n[35]. Wright, P. &amp; Geroy D. (2001) Changing the mindset: the training myth and the need for world-class performance, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 586-596\r\n[36]. Zuhair, A. (2014) Identifications of factors and their impact on employees training and organizational performance in Pakistan Journal of management and social sciences. Vol 7(1) 93-109\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Emanuel Siray Mollel &#8220;The Contribution of Teachers\u2019 competencies on Enhancing Job Performance in Tanzania\u2019s Public Secondary Schools&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.350-357 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/350-357.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/350-357.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-contribution-of-teachers-competencies-on-enhancing-job-performance-in-tanzanias-public-secondary-schools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Contribution of Teachers\u2019 competencies on Enhancing Job Performance in Tanzania\u2019s Public Secondary Schools<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1d06e9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1d06e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1d07d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1d07d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1d0981\" data-id=\"b1d0981\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1d0aa2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1d0aa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1d0b3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1d0b3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1dcb90\" data-id=\"b1dcb90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1dccf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1dccf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1dcdb5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1dcdb5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1dcf20\" data-id=\"b1dcf20\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1dd039 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1dd039\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1dd0e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1dd0e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1dd263\" data-id=\"b1dd263\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1dd388 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1dd388\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Understanding the Effect of Witchcraft on Church Growth in Kenya today<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Rev. Dr. Peter Mamuli Nyongesa &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 358-362<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1dd42e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1dd42e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1dd59c\" data-id=\"b1dd59c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1dd6c8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1dd6c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Witchcraft is a problem all over the world; however, it makes people grow colder towards God and religion. Its destructive influence can go as far as slowing down material development of a society and the entire community. This paper seeks to address this problem, why it is morally wrong, and propose ideas on how to overcome this problem. In this way, the reasons why Christians oppose witchcraft are made clear, in the hope that this dreaded activity is overpowered by the truth and love that Jesus brings.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 358-362\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rev. Dr. Peter Mamuli Nyongesa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKaimosi Friends University College, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/358-362.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/understanding-the-effect-of-witchcraft-on-church-growth-in-kenya-today\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Understanding the Effect of Witchcraft on Church Growth in Kenya today<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1de372 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1de372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1de45f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1de45f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1de5ca\" data-id=\"b1de5ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1de6ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1de6ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1de78d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1de78d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1de8e9\" data-id=\"b1de8e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1de9f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1de9f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1dea9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1dea9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1debdf\" data-id=\"b1debdf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1decf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1decf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1ded8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1ded8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1deef4\" data-id=\"b1deef4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1df00f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1df00f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Establishing the Relationship between Basic Pay and Performance of Teachers in Primary Schools in Uganda &#8211; Ibanda District<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nuwatuhaire Benard (PhD) and Assumpta Tushabirane &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 363-373<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1df0af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1df0af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1e980c\" data-id=\"b1e980c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1e9a42 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1e9a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the relationship between basic pay and performance of teachers in primary schools in Uganda &#8211; Ibanda District. The study adopted cross-sectional and correlational research designs on a sample of 155 using a self-administered and an interview guide. Data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative data methods. The quantitative data analysis methods were descriptive statistics that included frequencies, percentages and means. Inferential analyses were correlation and regression. The descriptive results revealed that performance of teachers was good while basic pay was poor. Inferential results revealed that basic pay had a positive and significant relationship with performance of teachers. The study concluded basic pay is an imperative remuneration necessary for the performance of teachers. It was thus recommended that the government and school authorities should ensure that all teachers have basic pay regularly, equitably and timely<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 363-373\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nuwatuhaire Benard (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKampala International University, Uganda\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Assumpta Tushabirane<\/strong><\/span>\r\nIbanda University, Uganda\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(23), 56-63.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nuwatuhaire Benard (PhD) and Assumpta Tushabirane &#8220;Establishing the Relationship between Basic Pay and Performance of Teachers in Primary Schools in Uganda &#8211; Ibanda District&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.363-373 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/363-373.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1eb3db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1eb3db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1eb54b\" data-id=\"b1eb54b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1eb668 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1eb668\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effective Community Policing and Vigilante Neighborhood Watch: The Panacea to Insecurity and Sustainable Peace in Plateau State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Oluwa Moses, O., Ojo, Oluwaseun, O. &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 374-394<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1eb715 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1eb715\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1eb8bd\" data-id=\"b1eb8bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1eba7f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1eba7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The principal agency charged with the responsibility of internal peace and security of nations all over the world is the Police.  In Nigeria today, the country is becoming more vulnerable to insecurity challenges due to several factors prominent among which are the inefficient and unprofessional policing system. Community policing could therefore be an option that can enhance the effectiveness of the Police Force for fostering internal security in Nigeria. There is a form of contention with the general public\u2019s perception of the Nigeria Police as unfriendly, brutal, corrupt, unprofessional, and inefficient. A major problem is the public\u2019s lack of trust of the police force, which is of importance to the community policing model and assists the community to sustain peace. This study, therefore, examined the state, challenges and prospects of the sustenance of peace in the communities on the Plateau and fostering internal security in Plateau state. The study covered the period 2010 to 2018, and is centred on the Plateau State Police Command. Data used in the study was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced through questionnaire instrument and semi-structured interviews. The study revealed that armed robbery, stealing\/theft, house\/store burglary, car theft, murder, ethnic conflicts, religious conflicts, political conflicts and cultism are the prevalent internal security challenges in Plateau State<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 374-394\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwa Moses, O.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of History and International Relations, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ojo, Oluwaseun, O.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCenter for Conflict Management and Peace Studies, University of Jos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAbdulrahman, D. 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A National Follow-up Study,\u201d Justice Quarterly, 20 (4):697-724.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oluwa Moses, O., Ojo, Oluwaseun, O. &#8220;Effective Community Policing and Vigilante Neighborhood Watch: The Panacea to Insecurity and Sustainable Peace in Plateau State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.374-394 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/374-394.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/374-394.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effective-community-policing-and-vigilante-neighborhood-watch-the-panacea-to-insecurity-and-sustainable-peace-in-plateau-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effective Community Policing and Vigilante Neighborhood Watch: The Panacea to Insecurity and Sustainable Peace in Plateau State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ecdb0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b1ecdb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1ecea6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1ecea6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1ed02b\" data-id=\"b1ed02b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ed15d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1ed15d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1ed203 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1ed203\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1ed363\" data-id=\"b1ed363\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ed479 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1ed479\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1ed51d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1ed51d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1ed66a\" data-id=\"b1ed66a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ed772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1ed772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1ed80e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1ed80e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1ed974\" data-id=\"b1ed974\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1eda84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1eda84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Finding Out the Relationship between Employee Income Security Schemes and Performance of Teachers in Primary Schools in Uganda- Ibanda District<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nuwatuhaire Benard (PhD) and Assumpta Tushabirane &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 395-402<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1edb22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1edb22\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1edcc0\" data-id=\"b1edcc0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ede29 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b1ede29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the relationship between employee income security Schemes and performance of teachers in primary schools in Uganda &#8211; Ibanda District. The study adopted cross-sectional and correlational research designs on a sample of 155 using a self-administered and an interview guide. Data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative data methods. The quantitative data analysis methods were descriptive statistics that included frequencies, percentages and means. Inferential analyses were correlation and regression. The descriptive results revealed that performance of teachers was good while employee income security Schemes poor. Inferential results revealed that basic pay had a positive and significant relationship with performance of teachers. The study concluded that employee income security Schemes are the most probable remuneration for the performance of teachers. It was thus recommended that the government and school authorities should establish income security schemes for all teachers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 395-402\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nuwatuhaire Benard (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKampala International University, Uganda\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Assumpta Tushabirane<\/strong><\/span>\r\nIbanda University, Uganda\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(23), 56-63.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nuwatuhaire Benard (PhD) and Assumpta Tushabirane &#8220;Finding Out the Relationship between Employee Income Security Schemes and Performance of Teachers in Primary Schools in Uganda- Ibanda District&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.395-402 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/395-402.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/395-402.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/finding-out-the-relationship-between-employee-income-security-schemes-and-performance-of-teachers-in-primary-schools-in-uganda-ibanda-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Finding Out the Relationship between Employee Income Security Schemes and Performance of Teachers in Primary Schools in Uganda- Ibanda District\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2078b1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b2078b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2079a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2079a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b207b2a\" data-id=\"b207b2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b207c54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b207c54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b207d08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b207d08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b207e5f\" data-id=\"b207e5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b207f80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b207f80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b208020 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b208020\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b208190\" data-id=\"b208190\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2082ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2082ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Factors Influencing Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria (Case Study Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Richard Nwachukwu &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 403-411<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b20834f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b20834f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b208521\" data-id=\"b208521\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2086a3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b2086a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examines the variables that influence foreign direct investment in Nigeria using the Nigerian Oil And Gas sector as case study. Noting that there is significant evidence on the link between FDIs and economic growth in the Oil and Gas sector, the results submitted by researchers in the field of FDI determinants and the impact of FDI determinants in this sector are still not clear. Following this, the study identified underlying Human capital factors that affect the flow of FDI into the sector while taking note of the infrastructural and policy factors affecting FDI flow. The study adopts a survey research design where a self-structured questionnaire was administered to senior and junior staff of the multinational oil and gas companies in Nigeria to establish the relationship that exists between FDI determinants and the growth of Nigerian oil and gas industry. Data collected was analyzed using frequency charts and percentages while Chi-square was used to test the study hypothesis. From the study findings, it was revealed that human capital factors and infrastructural factors have a significant effect on flow of foreign direct investment into the oil sector. Also the findings show that the relationship between flow of FDI into Nigeria\u2019s oil sector and growth of the economy is significant also. Therefore FDI is an important instrument for growth of the economy. The study further recommended that MNC entering the sector should engage itself in the field where it can make a difference through quality, low cost and the Market analysis for of MNC should be geared towards obtaining competitive advantage.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 403-411\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Richard Nwachukwu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Uyo, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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European Economic Review, 48(2): 285\u2013306.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Richard Nwachukwu &#8220;Factors Influencing Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria (Case Study Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.403-411 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/403-411.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/403-411.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/factors-influencing-foreign-direct-investment-in-nigeria-case-study-nigerian-oil-and-gas-sector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Factors Influencing Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria (Case Study Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b20afa6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b20afa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b20b0eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b20b0eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b20b299\" data-id=\"b20b299\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b20b3da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b20b3da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b20b4a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b20b4a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b20b60e\" data-id=\"b20b60e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b20b731 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b20b731\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b20b7d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b20b7d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b20cfa9\" data-id=\"b20cfa9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b20d192 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b20d192\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b20d2cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b20d2cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b20d472\" data-id=\"b20d472\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b20d596 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b20d596\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effect of Reclamation of Lamong Bay Port toward Fishermen Livelihood in Morokrembangan, Surabaya, Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dewi Casmiwati, Ahmad Zubir bin Ibrahim, Zawiyah Binti Mohd. Zain, Ahmad Haruna Abubakar &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 412-414<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b20d63e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b20d63e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b20d7b0\" data-id=\"b20d7b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b20ee50 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b20ee50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research aims to explore the effect of development process of Lamong Bay Port toward the fishermen livelihood in Morokrembangan, Surabaya, Indonesia. The study used primary data and analyzed by interpretive thematic method. The result shows that the development of Lamong Bay Port reduces the fishermen area for fishing significantly and the fishermen can not depend on fishing for their livelihood. They seek another job outside fishing, and based on the finding, the research recommends Lamong Bay to provide job for fishermen and for Surabaya government needs to preserve the fishermen fishing location.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 412-414\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dewi Casmiwati<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, University of Hang Tuah, Surabaya, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ahmad Zubir bin Ibrahim<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Government, College of Law, Government and International Study, Universiti Utara Malaysia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zawiyah Binti Mohd. Zain<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Government, College of Law, Government and International Study, Universiti Utara Malaysia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ahmad Haruna Abubakar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Government, College of Law, Government and International Study, Universiti Utara Malaysia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Surabaya. (2017). Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat Kota Surabaya City 2017, 1-65.\r\n[2]. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Timur. (2017). Indikator Kesejahteraan Rakyat Provinsi Jawa Timur, 1-104.\r\n[3]. Bradshaw, Ted K. (2006). Theories of Poverty and Anti-Poverty Programs in Community Development, RPRC Working Paper. No.06-05,1-22.\r\n[4]. Dahuri, 2002. Dahuri, Rohim. (2002). Pengelolaan Kelautan dan Perikanan Nusional. PT Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.\r\n[5]. Davis, E. Philip and Miguel Sanchez-Martinez. (2015), Economic Theories of Poverty. An Overview of the Main Economic Theories Relating to the Contributes of and Responses to Poverty in the UK. Report. JRF (Joseph Rowntree Foundation), 1-45.\r\n[6]. Ghani (2001). Ghani, N.A. (2001). The Impact of the Tourism Industry on the Community\u2019s Well-being on Langkawi and Redang Islands, Malaysia. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences,7(3): 276-283,2013. ISSN 1995-0772, 276-283.\r\n[7]. Husin &amp; Kunjuraman. (2015). Husin, R. &amp;Kunjuraman, V. (2015). Work Transformation from Fishermen to Homestay Tourism Entrepreneur: A Study in Mantanani Island Kota Belud, Sabah, East Malaysia. Jurnal Kemanusiaan. Vol. 24:Issue 1, 2015. ISSN:1678-1930. University Tehnologi Malaysia, 1-15.\r\n[8]. Pedoman Reklamasi di Wilayah Pesisir, 2005\r\n[9]. Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan No. PM 52 Tahun 2011\r\n[10]. Pedoman Pengembangan Reklamasi Pantai dan Perencanaan Bangunan Pengamanannya, 2004\r\n[11]. Massadun &amp; Nurpratiwi. (2016). Mussadun &amp;Nurpratiwi, P. (2016). Kajian Penyebab Kemiskinan Musyarakat NelayandiKampungTambakLorok. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota (Journal of Regional and City Planning). Vol. 27, No. 1, 49-67.\r\n[12]. Retnowati, Endang. (2016). Nelayan Indonesia dalam Pusaran Kemiskinan Struktural, Perspektif Sosial, Ekonomi dan Hukum, 149-159\r\n[13]. Subidia &amp; Marhaeni. (2015). Sudibia, I Ketut &amp; Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Marhaeni. (2016). PIRAMIDA Jurnal Kependudukan dan Pengembangan SDM. Vol. IX, No: 1-14.ISSN: 1907-3275, 1-25.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dewi Casmiwati, Ahmad Zubir bin Ibrahim, Zawiyah Binti Mohd. Zain, Ahmad Haruna Abubakar &#8220;The Effect of Reclamation of Lamong Bay Port toward Fishermen Livelihood in Morokrembangan, Surabaya, Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.412-414 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/412-414.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/412-414.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-reclamation-of-lamong-bay-port-toward-fishermen-livelihood-in-morokrembangan-surabaya-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Effect of Reclamation of Lamong Bay Port toward Fishermen Livelihood in Morokrembangan, Surabaya, Indonesia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2126ec elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b2126ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2127d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2127d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b212983\" data-id=\"b212983\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b212ab9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b212ab9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b212b5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b212b5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b212cbb\" data-id=\"b212cbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b212dca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b212dca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b212e6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b212e6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b212fc3\" data-id=\"b212fc3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2130dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2130dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b21317f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b21317f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2132ea\" data-id=\"b2132ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b213400 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b213400\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Qur\u2019an Addresses Science and Technology<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Isah Onuweh Jimoh &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 415-424<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2134aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2134aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b21360b\" data-id=\"b21360b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b21372c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b21372c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">I. INTRODUCTION\r\nIn the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. All praises and adornment are due to Him alone, Who, is without partner, relatives, adviser nor assistance. Who, in His infinite wisdom and mercy sent down the Qur\u2019an as a source of guidance and mercy to humanity? Wherein, both believers and unbelievers benefits directly or indirectly. May the peace, blessing and mercy of Allah be on the Chosen Servant of Allah Muhammad, who was sent too as a Mercy to the world and also onto his household, companions and those who tread his path till the Day of Accountability?<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 415-424\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isah Onuweh Jimoh . <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFederal College of Education, Kano, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aneesuddin, M.I.R. (1999). The Universe Seen Through the Qur\u2019an. Published By A. Attique Publishers Inc, Canada\r\n[2]. Gary, M. (1992). The Amazing Qur\u2019an. Dar Al-Islam. Abdul-Qasim Publishing House (AQPH). www.islamhouse.com. Retrieved on 08\/05\/2016\r\n[3]. Haruna, Y. (2004). The Qur\u2019an Leads The Way To Science. Global Publishing, Gursel. Mah. Darlaceze Caddesi No: 9 Funya Sk. Eksioglu Is Merkazi B Block D.5 Okmeydani-Istanbul\/Turkey\r\n[4]. Longman, (2005). Dictionary of Contemporary English. (4th Eds) England, Edinburgh\r\n[5]. Mohd, S.M.S. \u201cQuranic Motivation For Using Information And Communication (ICT) In Da\u2019awah. Retrieved on 08\/05\/2016 Http:\/\/ejum.fsktm.um.edu.my\/article\/1246. pdf.\r\n[6]. Umar, I.K, (d. 774 AH), Tafsir al-Qur\u2019an al-Azeem: Ibn Kathir. Abridge and Supervised by Safiur-Rahman A. Darussalam, Riyadh.\r\n[7]. Zakir, N. (2001). The Qur\u2019an &amp; Modern Science: Compatible Or Incompatible? First Published By Islamic Research Foundation (IRF) 56\/58 Tandel Street (North), Dongri, Mumbai-400 009 (India)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Isah Onuweh Jimoh &#8220;Qur\u2019an Addresses Science and Technology\r\n&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.415-424 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/415-424.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/415-424.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/quran-addresses-science-and-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Qur\u2019an Addresses Science and Technology<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b228bbd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b228bbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b228cc2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b228cc2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b228e57\" data-id=\"b228e57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b228f8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b228f8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b22905b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b22905b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2291c4\" data-id=\"b2291c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2292d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2292d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b229373 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b229373\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2294d4\" data-id=\"b2294d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2295ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2295ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b229689 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b229689\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2297eb\" data-id=\"b2297eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2298f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2298f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Themes on Selected Kiswahili Texts on HIV and AIDS<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Wasike Charles, Mosol Kandagor and Samuel Obuchi &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 425-430<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b229998 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b229998\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b229b00\" data-id=\"b229b00\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b229c2e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b229c2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The HIV and AIDS scourge has been in our society for more than three decades and during that duration, more than 34 million people have been affected by the disease in the world. In addition, according to UNAIDS (2012) more than 18 million people have died. Initially the HIV and AIDS disease caused a lot of destruction in the history of mankind. This paper sought to assess how figures of speech and style have been used to present themes regarding HIV and AIDS in selected Kiswahili Literature works. The themes were generated from ten Kiswahili Literary works that cuts across three different genres that were used in this study namely; novels, plays and short stories. The selected works from the three genres gave the researcher appropriate data for this study. The study was carried in the library and employed content analysis as a method of data collection. This study has established that despite the differences in the genres and style, different artists have similar themes that are presented regarding HIV and AIDS.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 425-430\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wasike Charles <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Kiswahili and Other African Languages, Moi University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mosol Kandagor <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Kiswahili and Other African Languages, Moi University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel Obuchi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Kiswahili and Other African Languages, Moi University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Annensia, A. (2015). Lugha ya Picha kama Mbinu ya kukabiliana na UKIMWI: Mifano katika Nyimbo za Kinyankole. Unpublished PhD Theses, Moi University.\r\n[2]. Buffon, G, (1930). Buffon\u2019s Discourse on Style. Paris Librairie: Hatier Publishers.\r\n[3]. Craswell, J.W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches, Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.\r\n[4]. Good, G.V. (1966). Essentials of Educational Research, New York: Maridith Publications Company.\r\n[5]. Iribemwangi, P.I (2007). Alidhani Kapata na Hadithi Nyingine. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers Ltd.\r\n[6]. Jilala, H (2004). Giza. Bukoba: Angaza Initiative Company Ltd.\r\n[7]. King\u2019ei, K. na Kobia, J. (Wahariri) (2007). Likizo ya Mauti na Hadithi Nyingine. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau.\r\n[8]. Kothari, C.R. (2008). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, New Delhi: New Age International Publishing Ltd\r\n[9]. Masebo na Nyangwine, (2008). Nadharia ya Fasihi. Dar es Salaam. Nyambari Nyangwine Publishers\r\n[10]. Matundura, B. (2008). Sitaki Iwe Siri, Nairobi: Longman Publishers.\r\n[11]. Medical Aid Foundation, (2010). Kilio Chetu. Dar es Salaam. Tanzania Publishing House Ltd.\r\n[12]. Momanyi, C (2008). Pendo Katika Shari. Nairobi. Longhorn Kenya Publishers.\r\n[13]. Mutembei, A.K. (2009). UKIMWI Katika Fasihi ya Kiswahili, 1992-2006, Dar es Salaam: TATAKI.\r\n[14]. Mutembei, A.K (2011). \u201c A comparative Study of Plays on AIDS From Tanzania and The USA\u201d in Makokha, J. K et al. East African Literature. Essays on written and Oral traditions Berlin: Lagos Verlag pp 415 pg 415- 435\r\n[15]. Mkufya, W.E (2005). Ua la Faraja. Dar es Salaam Longhorn Publishers (T) Ltd.\r\n[16]. Njogu, K. na Chimera, R.M. (1999). Ufundishaji wa Fasihi: Nadharia na Mbinu: Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.\r\n[17]. Omar, B. (2005). Kala Tufaha, Nairobi: Phoenix Publishers Ltd.\r\n[18]. Reynolds, S.(2006). Orodha. Dar es Salaam. Macmillan Adan.\r\n[19]. UNAIDS, (2012). World Aids Day. The Standard, Tuesday, December 4, 2012. Nairobi: Standardmedia.\r\n[20]. Walibora na Mohamed (2010). Kiti cha Moyoni na Hadithi Nyingine. Nairobi. Oxfoed University Press, East Africa Ltd.\r\n[21]. Wamitila, K.W. (2002). Uhakiki wa Fasihi: Misingi na Vipengele Vyake, Nairobi: Phoenix Publishers Limited.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wasike Charles, Mosol Kandagor and Samuel Obuchi &#8220;Themes on Selected Kiswahili Texts on HIV and AIDS&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.425-430 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/425-430.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/425-430.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/themes-on-selected-kiswahili-texts-on-hiv-and-aids\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Themes on Selected Kiswahili Texts on HIV and AIDS\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b22aa42 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b22aa42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b22ab2d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b22ab2d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b22aca2\" data-id=\"b22aca2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b22adc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b22adc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b22ae67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b22ae67\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2392fa\" data-id=\"b2392fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2394a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2394a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b239569 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b239569\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2396ec\" data-id=\"b2396ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b23980a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b23980a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2398b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2398b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b239a31\" data-id=\"b239a31\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b239b52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b239b52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Gender Inequality in Nigeria Police Force<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Oluwa Moses Oluwafemi &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 431-437<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b239bf4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b239bf4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b239d78\" data-id=\"b239d78\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b239eae elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b239eae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to examine how the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) administrative structure, recruitment policy, and promotion criteria engendered gender inequality. The research used the Zone 4 which presently cover three states; Benue, Nasarawa and Plateau State Commands with the Zonal Headquarters at Makurdi, Benue State as a case study. Primary data was obtained through administered questionnaires. A quantitative empirical approach was chosen for the study because it provided a numerical measurement and reliable statistical predictably of the results to the total target population. The study discovered that the gender discriminatory policies and promotion criteria of the NPF has deterred the career progression of the female police officers. The female police officers are often victims of sexual harassment, bully from superior male officers and lack of equal employment opportunities. Hence the recommendation that the recruitment policy should be revisited for reforms to encourage more to close the existing gap, women should be assigned roles and duties aside bookkeeping, clerical secretary and police matron. The Inspector-General of Police in collaboration with the government should ensure strict implementation of laws safeguarding the female police officers from sexual harassment and bullying from the superiors.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 431-437\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwa Moses Oluwafemi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of History and International Relations, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Alemika, E. E. O. &amp; Agugua, A. O. (2001). Gender Relations and Discrimination in Nigeria Police Force, Ikeja, Lagos, Centre for Law Enforcement Education (CLEEN).\r\n[2]. Chang, w., 1999. The voice of policewomen-Gender obstruction in policewoman work. Gender Equality Educ. Q., 6: 42-44.\r\n[3]. Chang, w., 1999. The voice of policewomen-Gender obstruction in policewoman work. Gender Equality Educ. Q., 6: 42-44.\r\n[4]. Denham Tara (2008). \u2015Police Reform and Gender.\u2016 Gender and Security Sector Reform Toolkit. Eds. Megan Bastick and Kristin Valasek. Geneva: DCAF, OSCE\/ODIHR, UNINSTRAW, 2008.\r\n[5]. Dodge, M., &amp; Valcore, L. (2011). Women on SWAT teams: Separate but equal? Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 34(4), 699-712.\r\n[6]. Economic and Social Council (1997). Report of the Secretary General, Coordination of the Policies and Activities of the Specialized Agencies and Other Bodies of the United Nations System: Mainstreaming the Gender Perspective into all Policies and Programmes in the United Nations system.\r\n[7]. Hassell, K. D. &amp; Brandl, S. G. (2009). An Examination of the Workplace Experiences of Police Patrol Officers: The role of race, sex, and sexual orientation. Police Quarterly.\r\n[8]. Iyamabo R.I (1993). \u201cWomen in Police Service in Policing Nigeria\u201d, Past Present and Future, Malt house publishing\r\n[9]. NPF, UNWOMEN, and UNFPA (2010) A Gender Policy for The Nigeria Police Force. Final Draft Report Submitted to The Nigeria Police Force.\r\n[10]. Okoronko I (2007) Women police and the future of law enforcement in Nigeria, Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2007.\r\n[11]. Tamuno, TN. (1970) The Police in Modern Nigeria (lbadan: lbadan University Press)\r\n[12]. The Nigerian Police Force Orders, Force Directives and Force Administrative Instructions.\r\n[13]. Tosin Akinjobi-Babatunde (2015) Women police in the Nigerian security sector, African Security Review, 24:4, 438-444.\r\n[14]. UN WOMEN (2009) Report of the Two-Day Sensitization Workshop organised for Senior Police Officers on Police Response to Violence against Women and Human Trafficking (Abuja, Nigeria, 25 to 26th November, 2009).\r\n[15]. Woolsey, S. (2010). Challenges for women in policing. Law and Order, 58(10), 78-82. Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org\/docview\/\r\n[16]. Young, W.p., 2006. Women striving in the masculine workplace: a study on the career path of female police officers in Taiwan. Thesis, Graduate Institute of Social Transformation Studies, Shi Hsin University.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oluwa Moses Oluwafemi &#8220;Gender Inequality in Nigeria Police Force&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.408-413 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/431-437.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/431-437.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/gender-inequality-in-nigeria-police-force\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gender Inequality in Nigeria Police Force\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b23ebc6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b23ebc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b23ecc7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b23ecc7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b23ee65\" data-id=\"b23ee65\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b23efa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b23efa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b23f054 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b23f054\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b23f24f\" data-id=\"b23f24f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b23f3b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b23f3b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b23f45f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b23f45f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b23f5d9\" data-id=\"b23f5d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b23f700 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b23f700\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b23f7c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b23f7c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b23f957\" data-id=\"b23f957\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b23fa8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b23fa8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Availability and Utilization of Physics Laboratory Equipment on Academic Achievement of Students in Public Day Secondary Schools\r\n<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Malach Mogire Mogaka &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 438-441<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b23fb4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b23fb4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b23fcbd\" data-id=\"b23fcbd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b23fdf6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b23fdf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of paper was to investigate the correlation between availability and utilization of physics laboratory equipment and the academic achievement of students in Public day secondary schools. The study was necessitated by the continuous decline in students\u2019 academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kisii County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to establish the level of availability and utilization of physics laboratory equipment and how it relates to students\u2019 academic achievement in public day secondary schools. Correlational research design was used in this study which involved students and teachers from the 246 public day secondary schools in the county. Non-proportionate sampling, systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the sample unit size of schools and sample size of students and teachers. Non-proportionate sampling technique was used to sample schools, systematic random sampling technique was used to sample students while teachers were sampled using purposive sampling technique. Student questionnaire (SQ) and Teachers Interview Schedule (TIS) were used to collect data. The study yielded both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed using inferential statistics, Pearson\u2019s Product Moment Correlational Coefficient analysis and multiple regression. The findings from the study revealed that availability and utilization of physics laboratory equipment had a relationship with students\u2019 academic achievement. It was concluded that the relationship was statistically significant [F (4, 372) =39.203, R<sup>2<\/sup>=.297, sig. &lt;.05]. A respectable variability (\u224830%) in student academic achievement was explained by the physics laboratory equipment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 438-441\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Malach Mogire Mogaka <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. Adebisi, T. A. (2014).Effectiveness of explanatory based concept strategy on Physics practical achievement in secondary school.Lagos Education Review 14(2).1-10\r\n[2]. Ak\u00e7ayir, et al., (2016). Augmented reality in science laboratories: The effects of augmented reality on university students\u2019 laboratory skills and attitudes toward science laboratories. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 334\u2013342. doi:10.1016\/j.chb.2015.12.054\r\n[3]. Cohen et al. (2003).Research methods in Education, RoutledgeFalmer 11 New Fetter Lane, London. EC4P 4EE\r\n[4]. Dahar, M. A., &amp;Faize, F. A. (2011).Effect of the availability and the use of science laboratories on academic achievement of students in Punjab (Pakistan).European Journal of Scientific Research, 51(2), 193\u2013202.\r\n[5]. Glewwe et al.(2011). School Resources and Educational Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Literature from 1990 to 2010. NBER Working Paper 17554, National Bureau for Economic Research, Cambridge MA. http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w17554.\r\n[6]. Lawal, F. K. (2013).Resource Utilization for Teaching Biology towards Achieving Millennium Development Goal\u2019s Objective in Selected Secondary Schools in Zaria Metropolis.54th Annual Conference Proceedings of Science Teachers Association of Nigeria.197-202.\r\n[7]. Nwagbo, E.O and Uzoma, A. B (2014).Effects of Practical Activities on Secondary Students Process Skill acquisition in Abuja Municipal Council. Nigeria\r\n[8]. Olufunke, B. T. (2012). Effect of availability and utilization of physics laboratory equipment on students\u2019 academic achievement in senior secondary school physics.World Journal of Education 2(5) 1-7.\r\n[9]. Oluwasegun, et al. (2015). The impact of physics laboratory on students\u2019 offering physics in Ethiope West local Government Area of Delta State. Journal of Educational Research and Review.10(7), 961-956.\r\n[10]. Tekalign, K. G. (2016). The upshot of availability and utilization of science laboratory inputs on students\u2019 academic achievement in high school Biology, Chemistry and Physics. Ilu Abba Bora Zone. Southwestern Ethiopia.\r\n[11]. Zenda, R. (2016) Factors affecting the academic achievement of learners in Physical Sciences in selected Limpopo rural secondary schools. Doctor of Education Thesis.University Of South Africa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Malach Mogire Mogaka &#8220;Availability and Utilization of Physics Laboratory Equipment on Academic Achievement of Students in Public Day Secondary Schools&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.438-441 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/438-441.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/438-441.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/availability-and-utilization-physics-laboratory-equipment-on-academic-achievement-of-students-in-public-day-secondary-schools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Availability and Utilization of Physics Laboratory Equipment on Academic Achievement of Students in Public Day Secondary Schools\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b247efd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b247efd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b248001 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b248001\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b248188\" data-id=\"b248188\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2482b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2482b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b24835b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b24835b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2484bb\" data-id=\"b2484bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2485ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2485ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b24866d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b24866d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2487bf\" data-id=\"b2487bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2488c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2488c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b248964 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b248964\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b248ad4\" data-id=\"b248ad4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b248bf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b248bf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> The Impact of Collaborative Learning on Pupils\u2019 Attitude and Performance in Earth Geometry: A Case of Kitwe District, Zambia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Evans Musonda, Athanasius Lunjebe &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 442-450<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b248c9a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b248c9a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b248e83\" data-id=\"b248e83\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b248ff1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b248ff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was conducted in order to show the impact of Collaborative Learning on pupils\u2019 attitude and performance in Earth Geometry by grade 12 pupils in Kitwe District exploring the following research questions; (i) Does Collaborative Learning have an impact on pupils\u2019 performance in Earth Geometry? (ii) Does Collaborative Learning method have an impact on pupils\u2019 performance by gender? (iii)Does Collaborative Learning have an impact on pupils\u2019 attitude towards Earth Geometry? The problem of poor performance of the Grade 12 pupils in Mathematics, especially in Earth Geometry has been a thorny issue. To improve the performance in Earth Geometry, a study was conducted on grade 12 pupils of Mukuba Secondary School and Helen Kaunda School of Kitwe District. The study population included 155 pupils from Mukuba and Helen Kaunda Secondary Schools of Kitwe District. The study was based on the three research questions and two hypotheses. The research method used was a Quantitative research. The sample size was 155 pupils comprising 80 male and 75 female pupils. Experimental Design and a Mathematics Attitude Questionnaire were used. The two groups were made from two classes picked at random from 7 classes of Mukuba Secondary School and another pair was picked at random from 6 classes of Helen Kaunda Secondary School. Particularly, 40 pupils were randomly assigned to the Experimental Group and 40 pupils to Control Group from Mukuba Secondary School. Furthermore, 35 pupils were randomly assigned to the Experimental Group and 40 to Control Group from Helen Kaunda Secondary School. These two pair of groups were subjected to pre-test. The Experimental Groups were taught using Collaborative Learning Approach while the Control groups were taught using Conventional Approach. The analysis of data was done using SPSS version 16, considering the mean and standard deviation. Also, the Independent sample t-test was conducted at alpha (\u03b1) = 0.05 to analysis the results of the pre-test and post-test scores. The study revealed that there was statistically significant mean difference in the post-test scores for Experimental groups (Mean = 63.3, standard = 16.9) and the Control group (Mean = 48.7, standard deviation = 18.4), p = .000 for Mukuba Secondary School and Experimental groups (Mean = 65.5, standard deviation = 19.8) and the Control groups (Mean = 51.9, standard deviation = 21.2), p = .005 for Helen Kaunda Secondary School. Furthermore, the study showed that there was no statistically significant mean difference in the Pre-test scores for Experimental group (Mean = 26.7, standard deviation = 17.9) and the Control group (Mean = 26.6, standard deviation = 17.2), p = .980 for Mukuba Secondary School and Experimental group (Mean = 24.8, standard deviation = 15.7) and the control group (Mean = 25.2, standard deviation = 15.9), p = .902 for Helen Kaunda Secondary School. The study also revealed that post-test scores mean of female and male pupils were statistically insignificant (P-Value=0.640&gt;\u03b1=0.05,t=0.470).Then analysis of the MAQ indicated that most pupils had a positive attitude towards Earth Geometry and it amounted to 80.7% while 11.3% showed no effect on the attitude after the post-test from both Schools. Therefore, teaching Earth Geometry using Collaborative Learning Approach was found to have a positive impact on pupils understanding of Earth Geometry because of the high marks after its administration. The study further revealed that pupils had challenges in calculation of the surface area between two meridians and the shortest distance between points on the same latitude which are not diametrically opposite but non the less were solved with more emphasis on them.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 442-450\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Evans Musonda <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMukuba University, School of Mathematics and Natural Science, P.O BOX 20382, Kitwe, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Athanasius Lunjebe <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Mathematics and Natural Science, Copperbelt University, P.O BOX 21692, Kitwe, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adeyemo P. O (1998). Principles of education and practice. Ado-Ekiti: Omotayo Standard Press and Bookshop Co. (Nig) Ltd.\r\n[2]. Battista, T.M., &amp;Clements, H.D. (2000). Geometry Instruction. In L.S. Grinstein and I.S. Lipsey (Eds.) Encyclopedia Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.\r\n[3]. Curriculum Development Centre, (2013). Mathematics High school syllabus Grades 10-12, Lusaka.\r\n[4]. Davidson, N. (1985) Small group cooperative learning in mathematics: A selective view of the research. In Learning to Cooperate, cooperating to Learn; Slavin, R., Ed.; Plenum Press: New York, NY, USA. of Mathematics Education.: Routledge Falwer.\r\n[5]. Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics using SPSS (3rd edition). SAGE, New Delhi. Johnson,\r\n[6]. Orodho, A.J. (2005). Techniques of writing research proposals and reports of Education and social sciences. Masiola publishers, Nairobi.\r\n[7]. Royal Society Joint Mathematical Council (2001), Teaching and Learning Geometry 11-19. London: Royal Society\/Joint Mathematical Council.\r\n[8]. Schwartz, J.E. (2008). Elementary Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Powerful Ideas for Teachers, Washington: Pearson Education Inc.\r\n[9]. Simukoko G &amp; Sakala W (2018) The impact of Earth model in understanding of Earth Geometry by in-service Student Teachers: A case of Mukuba University.\r\n[10]. Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual: A step by step to Data analysis using SPSS for windows (Ver 12). Sydney: Allen &amp; Unwin.\r\n[11]. Vygotsky, L.S. (1978) Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes; Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, USA.\r\n[12]. Yackel, E.; Cobb, P.; Wood, T. (1991) Small-group interactions as a source of learning opportunities in second-grade mathematics. J. Res. Math. Educ, USA.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Evans Musonda, Athanasius Lunjebe &#8221; The Impact of Collaborative Learning on Pupils\u2019 Attitude and Performance in Earth Geometry: A Case of Kitwe District, Zambia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.442-450 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/442-450.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/442-450.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-collaborative-learning-on-pupils-attitude-and-performance-in-earth-geometry-a-case-of-kitwe-district-zambia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> The Impact of Collaborative Learning on Pupils\u2019 Attitude and Performance in Earth Geometry: A Case of Kitwe District, Zambia\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b249ed1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b249ed1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b249fe4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b249fe4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b24a175\" data-id=\"b24a175\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b24a29e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b24a29e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b24edcc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b24edcc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b24efee\" data-id=\"b24efee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b24f138 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b24f138\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b24f1fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b24f1fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b24f35f\" data-id=\"b24f35f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b24f475 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b24f475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b24f51e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b24f51e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b24f687\" data-id=\"b24f687\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b24f79a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b24f79a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Availability of School Facilities and their Influence on Students\u2019 Academic Achievement in Public Day Secondary Schools in Kisii County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Malach Mogire Mogaka &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 451-455<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b24f83c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b24f83c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b24f9af\" data-id=\"b24f9af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b24fadc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b24fadc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study intended to investigate availability of essential school facilities and their influence on students\u2019 academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The study was guided by the Education production function model. The study adopted a correlational research design which involved students and teachers from the 246 public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The target population was 75,977 subjects comprising of 73,554 students and 2,423 teachers in public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The sample size was 350 students and 50 teachers totalling to 400 subjects. Data collection was done by use of student questionnaire Document analysis guide and Teachers Interview Guide. Data collected were both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlational statistics and multiple regression. Qualitative data were analysed thematically and were reported as direct quotations. Findings from the analysed data were presented as tables, pie charts and graphs. The study found out that most facilities needed for teaching and learning were available in most public day secondary school in Kisii County .These facilities ranged from recommended course books and set books, basic laboratory equipment, classrooms and libraries. Among the facilities that were not available in almost all schools were libraries. The study indicated that availability of school facilities alone did not influence students\u2019 academic achievement.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 451-455\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Malach Mogire Mogaka <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Akpan, O. (2006), Laboratory facilities for Chemistry teaching. Unpublished Seminar Paper, University of Calabat, Nigeria.\r\n[2]. Alimi, O.S. (2004). Physical Plant Maintenance Practice in Public Secondary Schools in Akoko Zonal Education Area of Ondo State. If Journal of Educational Studies, 13 (1): 73-78.\r\n[3]. Aremu, A.O. &amp; Sokan, B.O. (2003). A Multi-casual evaluation of academic performance of Nigeria learners: Issues and Implications for National development. Department of Guidance and counseling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.\r\n[4]. Asiabaka P.I: (2008): The Need for Effective Facility Management in Schools in Nigeria. Department of Education Foundations and Administrations, Faculty of Education,Imo State University Oweri, Nigeria. New York Science Journal; http:\/\/www.sciencepub.org.ISSN1544 -0200.\r\n[5]. Babbie, E. &amp; Mouton J. (2002). The Practice of Social research. Cape Town: Oxford University press South Africa.\r\n[6]. Carbonaro, W. (2005). Tracking Students Effort and Academic Achievement, Sociology of Education, 78: 27-49.\r\n[7]. Chiriswa,P: (2002): An investigation into the Probable Factors Responsible for Poor performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) in Vihiga District of Western Province, Kenya. MED Kenyatta University Kenya\r\n[8]. Coleman, J. et al., (1966). Equity Education Opportunity, Washing DC: Government.\r\n[9]. Fuller B. (1986).Raising School Quality in Developing Countries. What Investment Boost Learning? World Bank Discussion Papers, Washington DC.\r\n[10]. Hanushek, (2007). Teacher Quality Handbook of the Economics of Education, Volume 2 (Eds. Erich Hanushek, Finish Welch).\r\n[11]. Mbiti, I. and Adrienn, Lucas (2011). Elite Secondary Schools and Student Achievement: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Kenya.SMU Working Paper.\r\n[12]. Mwiria, K. (2004). Bridging Education Gap: Why KCPE Results from Academics are Deceptive. Daily Nairobi. Nation Media Groups pp. 6-7, Kenya.\r\n[13]. Neji, H.A. &amp; Nuoh, C.O. (2015). Utilization of Laboratory Facilities and Students Academic Performance of Chemistry Students in Calabar, Nigeria.\r\n[14]. Olaniyan,D.A: and Ojo, L.B: (2008): Challenges Against Implementation of Introductory Technology Curriculum in Nigeria Junior Secondary Schools. European\r\n[15]. Oriade, T. I. (2008). An empirical study of the utilization of Instructional material and laboratory resources in Biology curriculum implementation. Paper presented at the 49th annual Conference of STAN, Nsugbe, August 26.\r\n[16]. Owoeye, J.S. and Yava, P.O. (2011). School Facilities and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Agricultural Science in Ekiti State, Nigeria, Asian Social Science.\r\n[17]. Philias, O.Y., &amp; Wanjobi, W.C. (2012). Performance Determinants of Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) in Mathematics of Secondary Schools in Nyamira Division, Kenya. Asian Social Science, 1 (2): 107-112.\r\n[18]. PRLog (2012).Boarding School in Guateng with variety of Facilities. Retrieved from (http:\/\/www.prlog.org\/)\r\n[19]. Reche et al (2012). Factors contributing to poor performance in the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education in Public Day primary Schools in Mwimbi Division, Maara Sub-County, Kenya. Int. J. Humanities and Social Sci. Vol. 2 No. 5; March 2012.\r\n[20]. Udo, E.U. (2006) Availability, Selection and utilization of Instructional Research for teaching primary science in Uyo Local Government Education Authority, Akwalborn State 47th Annual Conference of Science Teachers\u2019 Association of Nigeria, Calabar August 3-7.\r\n[21]. UNICEF (2000). Child Friendly Schools. New York. NY 10017 USA.\r\n[22]. World Bank (2004). Strengthening the Foundation of Education and Training in Kenya. Report No.28064-KE, Washington DC.\r\n[23]. World Bank: (2008): Text Book and School Library Provision in Secondary education inSub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C: African Region Human Development Department.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Malach Mogire Mogaka &#8220;Availability of School Facilities and their Influence on Students\u2019 Academic Achievement in Public Day Secondary Schools in Kisii County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.451-455 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/451-455.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/451-455.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/availability-of-school-facilities-and-their-influence-on-students-academic-achievement-in-public-day-secondary-schools-in-kisii-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Availability of School Facilities and their Influence on Students\u2019 Academic Achievement in Public Day Secondary Schools in Kisii County, Kenya\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b250907 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b250907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2509eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2509eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b250b75\" data-id=\"b250b75\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b250cc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b250cc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b250d71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b250d71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b250ecf\" data-id=\"b250ecf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b250fdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b250fdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b251081 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b251081\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2511c8\" data-id=\"b2511c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2512da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2512da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b251384 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b251384\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2514f7\" data-id=\"b2514f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b251603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b251603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of Collaborative Learning on Learner Performance When Teaching Rate of Chemical Reactions: A Case of Mukuba Secondary School in Kitwe District<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Maniford Malama, Professor Kakoma Maseka &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 456-463<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2516ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2516ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b251805\" data-id=\"b251805\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b251a3c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b251a3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was conducted to show the impact of Collaborative Learning Approach on learner performance when teaching the topic Rate of Chemical Reactions to the Grade 11 pupils of Mukuba Secondary in Kitwe District. The problem of poor performance of the Grade 12 pupils in Chemistry, especially on Rate of Chemical Reactions has been a matter of concern. To try and alleviate this problem a study was conducted on grade 11 pupils of Mukuba Secondary School in Kitwe District. The study population involved 60 pupils from Mukuba. The study was based on three research questions and two hypotheses. The research method used was a mixed approach. The sample size was 60 boys from two intact classes which were purposively selected. The Shapiro-Wilks test was conducted to test the normality of the data because of the small sample size used. While, the design used for the study was a pre-test post-test quasi- experimental one.The two intact classes were randomly assigned into an experimental and a control group. This was done by tossing a coin; the head was for experimental group while the tail was for a control group. The two intact classes constituted 30 students for control and experimental Group. The two groups were subjected to a pre-test before implementation of the intervention on the experimental group. The experimental group was then taught using Collaborative Learning Approach while the control group was taught using Lecture and Discussion Approaches. The initial analysis of data used SPSS, considering two descriptive parameters of the mean and standard deviation. Then the Independent sample t-test was conducted at alpha level of 0.05 to compare the results of the pre-test and post-test scores. The study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the post-test scores for Experimental group (Mean = 62.1, standard deviation = 11.3) and the control group (Mean = 41.5, standard deviation = 11.3).Therefore, using Collaborative Learning Approach when teaching Rate of Chemical Reaction was found to have a positive impact on learner\u2019s performance and a change in attitude on Rate of Chemical Reaction was observed. The chemistry attitude questionnaire results showed a significant difference before and after the intervention that is from 20 to 45 students out of 60 showed positive attitudes towards Rate of Chemical Reaction after the intervention. The study also revealed that learners had challenges in plotting graphs of volume of the gas collected against time especially on coming up with correct scales for each axis and labelling of the graph which are ECZ standards followed when marking questions involving graphs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 456-463\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maniford Malama <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMukuba Secondary School, Department of Natural Sciences P.O Box 20497, Kitwe Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Professor Kakoma Maseka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCopperbelt University, School of Mathematics and Natural Science, P.O Box 21692, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ababio, O. Y. (2004). New School Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools. Africans First Publisher\u2019s Limited Book House trust, 1 African first Avenue Onitsha, Nigeria.\r\n[2]. Adewumi, T. (2005).Relationship between Gender and Academic Achievement in Chemistry.Gobarau Journal of Education. Published by F.C.E. Katsina, 5(2), 119-123\r\n[3]. Akpan, J .O. (2012). Effects of study Habit Mediation on Senior Secondary Chemistry Pupils\u2019 Achievement and Retention in Electrolysis concepts in Giwa Education zone of Kaduna state Nigeria.\r\n[4]. Aktamis, H. (2009). The Effect of Scientific Creativity, Science Attitude and Academic Achievement.Asia- Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 9(1) 4.\r\n[5]. Ali, A. (2013). Nigeria Scientists and Science Teacher Educators Perceptions and Products of Science. Journal of Science Teacher Association of Nigeria, 24(1.2), 134-142.\r\n[6]. Otuka, C. (2007). Parenting Strategy for Fostering Creativity in Children. Journal of Education Research and Development, A.B.U. Zaria, 2(2), 64-69.\r\n[7]. Stanley, M. (2008).Effects of Outdoor and Indoor Laboratory Experience on Secondary School Pupils\u2019 Academic Achievement and Retention in Ecology. Unpublished M.Ed Thesis, A.B.U. Zaria.\r\n[8]. Usman, I. A. (2000).The Relationship between Pupil Performance in Practical activities and their Academic Achievement in Integrated science using NISTEP mode of teaching. Department of Education, ABU. Zaria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Maniford Malama, Professor Kakoma Maseka &#8220;The Impact of Collaborative Learning on Learner Performance When Teaching Rate of Chemical Reactions: A Case of Mukuba Secondary School in Kitwe District&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.456-463 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/456-463.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/456-463.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-collaborative-learning-on-learner-performance-when-teaching-rate-of-chemical-reactions-a-case-of-mukuba-secondary-school-in-kitwe-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Impact of Collaborative Learning on Learner Performance When Teaching Rate of Chemical Reactions: A Case of Mukuba Secondary School in Kitwe District\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25287e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b25287e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b252960 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b252960\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b252ae3\" data-id=\"b252ae3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b252c1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b252c1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b252cbc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b252cbc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b252e14\" data-id=\"b252e14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b252f26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b252f26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b252fce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b252fce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b25311c\" data-id=\"b25311c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25322f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b25322f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2532cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2532cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b253436\" data-id=\"b253436\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25353f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b25353f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effectiveness of Government Strategies in Resolving Farmers-Herdsmen Conflict in Adamawa State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mustapha Salihu &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 464-471<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2535e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2535e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2537a6\" data-id=\"b2537a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25391f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b25391f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The objective of this paper is three-fold: (1) to investigate the extent of farmers-herdsmen conflict in Adamawa State, Nigeria; (2) to examine consequences of farmer-herdsmen conflict in the study area; and (3) to assess the effectiveness of Government strategies in resolving farmers-herdsmen conflict in Adamawa State. Methodologically, secondary data sources have been relied upon. The study also adopted descriptive research and impact assessment methods in order to describe the extent and consequences of conflict between farmers and herders, as well to assess the effectiveness of Government strategies in resolving farmers-herdsmen conflict in Adamawa State. The parameter for assessing the effectiveness of the conflict resolution strategies is the decline\/increase in the rate of farmers-herdsmen clash and the rate of casualty accompanying the clash. The study findings indicated that the government is up and doing with effort to tackle the problem of farmers-herdsmen conflict in Adamawa State by introducing such measures as security and legal actions, creation of grazing reserves, development programmes, cattle colonies and national livestock transformation plan, organized dialogue and negotiations, and comprehensive livestock development plan. Yet, these measures did not yield the desired outcome-ending or drastically reducing farmers-herdsmen conflict. There is an upsurge in the rate of violent clashes between farmers and herders in the various parts of the country, Adamawa State in particular. In the first half of 2018, more than 1,300 Nigerians have been killed and valuable properties worth billions of Naira have been destroyed in the violent confrontation between herders and farmers. In conclusion, to overcome the menace of farmers-herdsmen conflict in Adamawa State, there should be systematic effort for identifying the root causes of the problem because to cure a cancer, we have to understand the root cause of the cancer. More importantly, effective leadership is necessary for any agency or policy to work effectively.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 464-471\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mustapha Salihu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMSc. Conflict, Peace and Strategic Studies, Department of Political Science, Nile University Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aliyu, M. K., Ikedinma, H. A. &amp; Akinwande, A. E. (2018). Assessment of the Effect of Farmers-Herdsmen Conflicts on National Integration in Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 8 (10): 118- 128 doi:10.30845\/ijhss.v8n10p13\r\n[2]. Amnesty International (2018). Harvest of death: Three years of bloody clashes between farmers and herders in Nigeria. Abuja-FCT, Nigeria.\r\n[3]. Anter, T. 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(2018). Assessment of the Effect of Farmers-Herdsmen Conflicts on National Integration in Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 8 (10): 118-128. doi:10.30845\/ijhss.v8n10p13\r\n[24]. Lake, D. A. &amp; Rothchild, D. (1997). \u201cContaining fear: The origins and management of conflict\u201d. In M. E. Brown, O. R. Cote, S. M. Lynn-Jones, &amp; S. E. Miller (eds.) Nationalism and ethnic conflict. London: The MIT Press. P. 97-131.\r\n[25]. Marietu, T. S. &amp; Olarewaju, I. O. (2009). Resource conflict among farmers and Fulani herdsmen: Implications for resource sustainability. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 3 (9): 360-364.\r\n[26]. Musa, S. D., Shabu, T. &amp; Igbawua, M. I. (2014). Resource use conflict between farmers and Fulani herdsmen in Guma Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Basic and Applied Research International, X, P. 1-8.\r\n[27]. 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Causes, effects and resolution of farmers-nomadic cattle herders conflict in Delta State, Nigeria. Agricultura Tropica Et Subtropica, 43 (1): 33- 41.\r\n[32]. Ogbeide, O. A. (2017). Fulani herdsmen and communal clashes in Nigeria: Issues and solutions. Mayfair Journal of Agribusiness Management, 1 (2): 50-61\r\n[33]. Ogbu, C. (2017). \u201cWhy 1914 amalgamation is Nigeria\u2019s bane\u201d. The Guardian Newspaper, Opinion. Retrieved from http:\/\/t.guardian.ng.com\/opinion\/why-1914-amalgamation-is-nigerias-bane\/ (24\/04\/2019).\r\n[34]. Ogo-Oluwa, S. O. (2017). Anti-Grazing Policy and Conflict Resolution between Fulani Herdsmen and Farmers in Ekiti State. Asian Research Journal of Arts &amp; Social Sciences, 4 (1): 1-13. DOI: 10.9734\/ARJASS\/2017\/35979\r\n[35]. Ogunsanya, S. P. &amp; Papoola, S. O. (1999). \u201cPrevention in the conflict between Yoruba farmers and Fulani herdsmen in Oke-Ogun, Oyo State\u201d. In O. Otite and O. Albert (eds.), Community Conflict in Nigeria: Management, Resolution and Transformation. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.\r\n[36]. Ojekunle, A. (2018). \u201cHere are the 14 states most affected by Nigeria&#8217;s farmer-herder conflicts\u201d. Pulse 12\/20\/2018. www.pulse.ng\/bi\/politics\/amnesty-says-3641-killed-in-nigerias-farmer-herder-crisis\/gntk1j5 (Accessed on: 25\/05\/2019).\r\n[37]. Pondy, R. L. (1967). Organizational Conflict: Concepts and Models. Administrative Science Quarterly, 12 (2): 296-320.\r\n[38]. Ritzer, G. (2011). Sociological Theory (8th Edition). New York: McGrawHill.\r\n[39]. Shamir, Y. (2003). Alternative dispute resolution approaches and their application. SC-UNESCO, PC-CP Series, No. 7. 2003\/WS\/43.\r\n[40]. Shehu, A. (2017). Newspapers Coverage of Herders\/Farmers Conflict in Nigeria. International Journal of Communication: an Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication Studies, 22: 213-225.\r\n[41]. Shehu, H. (2018).The Causes and Consequences of Fulani Pastoralist-Farmers Conflict in Nigeria. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences, 5 (3): 357-361.\r\n[42]. Sieff, D. N. (1997). Herding strategies of the Datoga pastoralists of Tanzania: Is household labor a limiting factor. Human Ecology, 25 (4): 519-544.\r\n[43]. Tanimu, M. Y. &amp; Akujuru, V. A. (2018). Resolving the Farmers\/Herdsmen Conflict in Southern Kaduna through Sustainable Land Management Practice. Canadian Journal of Agriculture and Crops, 3 (1): 9-20.\r\n[44]. Tefera, S. (2013). From cattle herding to sedentary agriculture: The role of Hamer women in the transition. African Study Monographs, Suppl. 46: 121\u2013133.\r\n[45]. TersooUbwa, K. (2018). Political Economy of Herdsmen\/Farmers\u2019 Conflict in Benue State 2008-2018. International Journal of Education and Research, 6 (6): 131-143.\r\n[46]. Tjosvold, D. (2006). Defining conflict and making choices about its management: Lighting the dark side of organizational life. International Journal of Conflict Management, 17 (2): 87-96. DOI: 10.1108\/10444060610736585\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mustapha Salihu &#8220;The Effectiveness of Government Strategies in Resolving Farmers-Herdsmen Conflict in Adamawa State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.464-471 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/464-471.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/464-471.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effectiveness-of-government-strategies-in-resolving-farmers-herdsmen-conflict-in-adamawa-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Effectiveness of Government Strategies in Resolving Farmers-Herdsmen Conflict in Adamawa State\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25bfe4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b25bfe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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August 2019 Page No.: 472-474<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b25cdbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b25cdbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b25cf36\" data-id=\"b25cf36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25d063 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b25d063\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">When discussing the advancement of technology in the word, it is the computer that provides the basis for its development. Computer technology is used everywhere in every field. In the 21st century, almost all government-owned institutions use computer technology for education. Through the study of the importance of using computer technology in rural schools such as Sri Lanka, The objectives of this research is to attempt to improve the utilization of computer technology in rural schools and to identify the causes of computer utilization in rural schools and make suggestions for it.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 472-474\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maduwanthi RGM <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mendis MRA <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Gunaseekara.S;(2011);Main feature of our education;Nugegoda;Sunera Publishers\r\n[2]. Gunaseekara,D;(1994);Odio and Vidio Communication Methods and Educational Sources\r\n[3]. Ministry of Education, (2012); Education prospective\u00a6 Ministry of Education.\r\n[4]. Hasselbrings and Glaser,H.V;(2000);Use of computer technology to help students with Special needs;Princeton University\r\n[5]. Richards,G.A;(2000);Why use computer technology; National Council of teachers of english&#8217;\r\n[6]. http:\/\/ravaya.lk\r\n[7]. http:\/\/www.yourdictionary.com\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Maduwanthi RGM, Mendis MRA &#8221; Sociological Study on the Computer Technology Applications in Rural Schools in Sri Lanka&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.472-474 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/472-474.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/472-474.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sociological-study-on-the-computer-technology-applications-in-rural-schools-in-sri-lanka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Sociological Study on the Computer Technology Applications in Rural Schools in Sri Lanka\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25df06 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b25df06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b25dff9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b25dff9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b25e191\" data-id=\"b25e191\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25e3ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b25e3ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b25e488 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b25e488\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b25e620\" data-id=\"b25e620\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25e758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b25e758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b25e7fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b25e7fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b25e95a\" data-id=\"b25e95a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25ea67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b25ea67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b25eb04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b25eb04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b25ec76\" data-id=\"b25ec76\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25ed89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b25ed89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Socio-Economic Profiling of Households Livelihood and Vulnerability at Urban Slum\/Bligted Communities in Lagos: A Case Study of Makoko<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Uriri. A.E (Ph.D.), Makanju.A.O, Ikpe.R. &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 475-484<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b25ee27 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b25ee27\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b25efa5\" data-id=\"b25efa5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25f0cd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b25f0cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The main aim of this study was to investigate the teachers\u2019 professional development of government schools in Sri Lanka. Therefore, during this study it was explored, especially, the experiences of stakeholders of schools on teacher development initiatives are being carried out at school level. The nature of this study is qualitative and multiple case study approach was selected in this study. Mainly interview and document survey methods employed to gather information. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data gathered from the School Development Committee members those who were purposively selected in this study. It appears that the schools do not have appropriate mechanisms to identify professional needs of teachers. Still, most of the teachers do not ready to come out from the traditional way of performing duties. Every school has attended some teacher development activities as per the instructions are given by the Ministry of Education. Usually, schools use human resources available within the school however; no adequate assistance is received from the external community. It appears that although the existing rules and regulations barricade, most of the schools organize teacher development activities in facing numerous difficulties. Majority of School Development Committee members are willing to continue teacher development programmes at their own if higher education authorities provide the necessary support. Therefore, schools should be given better guidance and adequate resources by the higher education authorities for teacher development, and need to make aware stakeholders of the schools about the effectiveness of teacher professional development and staff training.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 475-484\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uriri. A.E (Ph.D.) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Planning, University of Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Makanju.A.O <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Planning, University of Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ikpe.R <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Planning, University of Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aluko, O.E.(2010). The impact of urbanization on housing development: The Lagos experience, Nigeria.Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, Vol 3,No 3 2010) http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4314\/ejesm.v3i3.63967https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ejesm\/article\/view\/63967\r\n[2]. Amao, F.L, (2012). Housing quality in informal settlements and urban upgrading in Ibadan, Nigeria.Developing Country Studies www.iiste.orgDeveloping Country Studies, 2(10), pp. 68-80. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 3(3). pp. 64-74.Vol 2, No.10, 2012https:\/\/www.iiste.org\/Journals\/index.php\/DCS\/article\/download\/3189\/3239\r\n[3]. Bipasha ,B. (2004). Earning Their Keep and Keeping What They Earn: A Critique of Organizing Strategies for South Asian Women in the Informal Sector. Gender, Work and Organization 11.6 (2004): 605. ABI\/INFORM Global. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1468-0432.2004.00251.x\r\n[4]. Braimoh, A. K.,&amp;T. Onishi, (2007). Spatial determinants of land use change in Lagos, Nigeria. Land Use Policy, 24, pp. 502-515.https:\/\/www.tib.eu\/en\/search\/id\/&#8230;\/Spatial-determinants-of-urban-land-use-change-in\/\r\n[5]. Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons.\r\n[6]. Dulani, B., Mattes, R., &amp; Logan, C. (2013). After a Decade of Growth in Africa, Little Change in Poverty at the Grassroots: Afro-Barometer, Policy Brief No. 1.\r\n[7]. Federal Republic of Nigeria. 2012. National Urban Development Policy. Abuja.\r\n[8]. Federal Republic of Nigeria. 2013. Nigeria 2013 MDGs Report. Abuja.\r\n[9]. Funsho, S. R., Adegoke, A. K., &amp;Adewale, B. A. (2013). Slum settlements regeneration in Lagos Mega-city: an overview of a waterfront Makoko community.International Journal of Education and Research, 1(3).https:\/\/afrobarometer.org\/sites\/default\/&#8230;\/Briefing%20paper\/ab_r5_policypaperno1.pd&#8230;\r\n[10]. Griffiths M, Woods L (2009) Vulnerability Analysis: the Building Blocks for Successful Livelihood Intervention. UNOPS: Yangon.\r\n[11]. IB Times (International Business Times) (2011).List of five Biggest Slums in the World.https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/5-biggest-slums-world-381338\r\n[12]. Lagos bureau of statistic (2011).Household Survey 2011 edition, Ikeja, Lagos State.\r\n[13]. Lawrence, V. (2007). From the Puritans to the Projects: Public Housing and Public Neighbors. Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0674025752.\r\n[14]. Lanrewaju, A.F. (2012). Urbanization, housing quality and environmental degeneration in Nigeria.Journal of Geography and Regional Planning. Vol. 5 (16), pp 422-429.\r\n[15]. Moser .C.(1998).Reassessing urban poverty reduction strategies: The asset vulnerability framework. World Development 26, No 1, pp1-19.\r\n[16]. National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] and ICF International, (2009). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF International.\r\n[17]. National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] and ICF International, (2014). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF International.\r\n[18]. NBS.(2013). Revised poverty statistics. Abuja: National Bureau of Statistics.https:\/\/www.nigerianstat.gov.ng\/\r\n[19]. NBS.(2012a). Assessment of Good Urban Governance in Nigeria. Abuja: National Bureau of Statistics.https:\/\/www.nigerianstat.gov.ng\/\r\n[20]. NBS.(2012b). The Nigeria Poverty Profile 2010 Report. Abuja: NBS, WB, DFID, UNICEF.https:\/\/www.nigerianstat.gov.ng\/\r\n[21]. Oduh, M.O. (2012). The dynamics of poverty and income distribution: is the Nigerian middle class statistically or economically growing? Developing Country Studies, 2(7), 84-94.\r\n[22]. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (2014). \u201cNigeria Country Briefing\u201d, Multidimensional Poverty Index Data Bank. OPHI, University of Oxford.https:\/\/ophi.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/CB_NGA-3.pdf\r\n[23]. Patton, C. (1988). Spontaneous shelter: International perspectives and prospects. Philadelphia, Temple University Press.\r\n[24]. Rigon A., Abah S., Dangoji S., Walker J., Frediani A. A., Ogunleye O., and Hirst L. (2015) Well-being and Citizenship in Urban Nigeria. Urbanisation Research Nigeria (URN) Research Report. London: ICF International.\r\n[25]. UN-Habitat (2007).The Millennium Development Goals and Urban Sustainability. A report presented during the Secretary General\u2019s visit to Kbera, Nairobi. January 30-31.\r\n[26]. UN-HABITAT (2003). Press Release on its report, The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements.\r\n[27]. World Bank (2006).Project appraisal document to the Federal Republic of Nigeria for the Lagos metropolitan development and governance project. World Bank, Washington DCwww.worldbank.org.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Uriri. A.E (Ph.D.), Makanju.A.O, Ikpe.R. &#8220;A Socio-Economic Profiling of Households Livelihood and Vulnerability at Urban Slum\/Bligted Communities in Lagos: A Case Study of Makoko&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.475-484 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/475-484.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/475-484.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-socio-economic-profiling-of-households-livelihood-and-vulnerability-at-urban-slum-bligted-communities-in-lagos-a-case-study-of-makoko\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Socio-Economic Profiling of Households Livelihood and Vulnerability at Urban Slum\/Bligted Communities in Lagos: A Case Study of Makoko<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25ff35 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b25ff35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b260031 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b260031\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2601bb\" data-id=\"b2601bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2602e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2602e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b26039e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b26039e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b260513\" data-id=\"b260513\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b260622 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b260622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2606ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2606ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b260818\" data-id=\"b260818\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b260928 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b260928\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2609c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2609c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b260c34\" data-id=\"b260c34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b260d8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b260d8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Neocannibalism: An Analytical Medico-Jurisprudential Appraisal of Contemporary Dimensions in Organ Theft and Trafficking<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Ifeanyi E. Anigbogu, Prof. P. E. O. Oguno Ph.D &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 485-490<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b260e74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b260e74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b260ffa\" data-id=\"b260ffa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26112b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b26112b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">When in 195BC Fitus Maccius Plautus wrote \u201cAsinaria\u201d, generally regarded as one of the Great Roman Comedies, and which was renowned for containing the phrase \u201cHomo homini lupus est \u2013 man is a wolf to his follow man\u201d, the temptation must have been to relegate the statement to the realms of fiction.\r\nContemporary events however prove to the contrary. Galloping advancements in science and technology, particularly in the fields of Medicine and Transplantology, have made the statement extremely germane. Scientific innovations have improved the quality and standard of life in developed countries, occasioned an increase in life expectancy and induced active longevity. Sequel to this, the demand for organs and tissues for transplant is on the increase, compelling scientists and mankind generally, to question the rationale in the wasteful disposal of organs and tissues of cardavas and indeed whether or not there should continue to exist legal or moral justification in the non commodification of the human body.\r\nConsequently law has been brought face to face with the bizarre phenomenon of neocannibalism \u2013 a situation where human beings organize and orchestrate the consumption (cannibalization) of fellow humans, sanctified by the medical mantra of saving lives. This work is a humble attempt by the author to draw the attention of medico-legal science and international law to the novel anti-human practice, analyze same and proffer solutions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 485-490\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Ifeanyi E. Anigbogu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMD (General Medicine). M.I.S.B.T, Ph.D (Surgery), LLB (Hons), BL (Hons), LLM , Ph.D (Law),Specialist Surgeon\r\nSolicitor and Advocate of the Supreme Court of Nigeria\r\nLecturer, Faculty of Law, Madonna University, Okija, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. P. E. O. Oguno Ph.D<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDean, Faculty of Law, Anambra State University, Anambra State Nigeria (Now Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Reference are not available.\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Ifeanyi E. Anigbogu, Prof. P. E. O. Oguno Ph.D &#8220;Neocannibalism: An Analytical Medico-Jurisprudential Appraisal of Contemporary Dimensions in Organ Theft and Trafficking&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.485-490 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/485-490.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/485-490.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/neocannibalism-an-analytical-medico-jurisprudential-appraisal-of-contemporary-dimensions-in-organ-theft-and-trafficking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Neocannibalism: An Analytical Medico-Jurisprudential Appraisal of Contemporary Dimensions in Organ Theft and Trafficking\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b261efa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b261efa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b261fe1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b261fe1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b26214d\" data-id=\"b26214d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b262274 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b262274\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b262314 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b262314\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b26246c\" data-id=\"b26246c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26257c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b26257c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b262627 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b262627\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2627a2\" data-id=\"b2627a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b263e08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b263e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b264014 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b264014\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2641e8\" data-id=\"b2641e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b264323 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b264323\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Effect of Job Satisfaction on Workers Productivity (A Case of Access Bank Plc)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>AFOLABI, Michael O., ANINKAN, Olubukola O. and OGUNBANJO, Olufunmilola A. &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 491-497<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2643d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2643d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b264561\" data-id=\"b264561\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26469a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b26469a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Lower convenience costs, higher organizational and social and intrinsic reward will increase job satisfaction Job satisfaction is complex phenomenon with multi facets and influenced by the factors like salary, working environment, autonomy, communication, and organizational commitment. Different people interpret compensation differently. Compensation, reward, recognition, and wages are terms used in different situations. Survey research design primarily involves the researcher administering standardized questions about the subject of investigation, from a sampled group of people for the purpose of describing respondents\u2019 opinions and views regarding the subject of investigation. The population for this study comprises the staff of Access Bank Plc, Sagamu Branch, Sagamu local Government, Ogun. Twenty staff in Access Bank, Sagamu was selected using simple random techniques. Based on the findings of this research it was concluded thatbank industry or Company should organize seminar for their workers so as to ensure quality service delivery.Bank industry\/company should always encourage their workers foe effective and efficiency service delivery.Bank industry should ensure that costumer\u2019s property insured is safe and guarantee.Company workers should always listen and care for their customers at any time.Government should ensure conducive environment for growth and development of bank industry<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 491-497\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AFOLABI, Michael O. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, Gateway (ICT) Polytechnic, Saapade, Ogun State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ANINKAN, Olubukola O.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, Gateway (ICT) Polytechnic, Saapade, Ogun State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OGUNBANJO, Olufunmilola A.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, Gateway (ICT) Polytechnic, Saapade, Ogun State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Arnold and Feldman (1996). Motivation of Bank Employees, New Delhi, Discovery Publishing House\r\n[2]. Cabral, O.O. (2005). Personal Predictors of Job Satisfaction for the Public Sector Manager.Implications for Management Practice and Development in a Developing Economy. J. Business in Developing Nations.\r\n[3]. Clark, O.L. (1999). Job Satisfaction as a Mediator Relationship between Involvement and Job Performance Among Banking Employees in Kermen, Vol. 3.\r\n[4]. Greenberg, J. and Baron, R. A. (1993)..Behavior in organizations (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.\r\n[5]. Kathawala(1990).Human Resource Management, New Delhi, McGraw-Hill.\r\n[6]. Locke, R.M. (2002). Job satisfaction among urban secondary-school teachers in Namibia.South Afr.J.Educ., 28: 135- 154.\r\n[7]. Luddy(2005). Job Performance and Job Satisfaction: An Integrated Survey. Discussion Paper No. 4.\r\n[8]. Mathis, C.L., Fredrick, G.Y. and Kenneth, O.P. (2009).One more time. How do you motivateemployees? Harv. Bus. Rev. 46. (1): 53-62.\r\n[9]. Mulinge, M. and Muller, C.W. (1998). Employee Job Satisfaction in DevelopingCountries: The Case of Kenya. World Dev., Vol. 26(12): 2181-2199\r\n[10]. Nmadu, G. (2013).Employees performance and its effects on their job performance in workplace.\r\n[11]. Pil, T.D. and Leana, B.T. (2000), Employee empowerment in a technology advanced work Environment. Ind. Manage. Data SystemVol.110(1): 24-42.\r\n[12]. Nwachukwu, C.C. (1988); Management, Theory and Practice, Onitsha: Africana Feb Publishers Limted.\r\n[13]. Olusanya, G.O. (2003). Human Resources Management.The Value System Approach Paper Presented at the 6th Annual Easter Zonal Conference of the Institute of Personnel Management.\r\n[14]. Pushpakumari, M. D (2008).Impact of Job Satisfaction on Employees Performance.Arabian Journal of Business and Management Vol. 7(8) ISSN 1993-8435\r\n[15]. Richard, R. (2009). The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: a test of structural measurement model using a national sample of workers. Soc. Sci. J., Vol. 38: 233-51\r\n[16]. Robbins, O. (2005), The micro-analysis of job satisfaction. Comments on Taber and Alliger [Electronic version]. J. Organ. Beh.,Vol.16(2): 123-126.\r\n[17]. ScanduraandWilliams Personal Values, Job satisfaction and Job Behavior, Houghton Miffin Co. Boston., 2004\r\n[18]. Smith, P. C.; Kendall L. M., and Hulin, C. L. (1969). The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement:A Strategy for the Study of Attitudes. Rand McNally. Oxford.\r\n[19]. Smith, H.U. (2009).Hours of work, Job Satisfaction and Productivity. Public Productivity Rev., Vol. 2. (3): 46-56.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">AFOLABI, Michael O., ANINKAN, Olubukola O. and OGUNBANJO, Olufunmilola A. &#8221; Effect of Job Satisfaction on Workers Productivity (A Case of Access Bank Plc)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.491-497 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/491-497.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/491-497.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-job-satisfaction-on-workers-productivity-a-case-of-access-bank-plc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Effect of Job Satisfaction on Workers Productivity (A Case of Access Bank Plc)\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26558b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b26558b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b265689 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b265689\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2657fd\" data-id=\"b2657fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b265929 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b265929\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2659c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2659c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b265b28\" data-id=\"b265b28\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b265c32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b265c32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b265cf1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b265cf1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b268901\" data-id=\"b268901\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b268a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b268a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b268b70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b268b70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b268d14\" data-id=\"b268d14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b268e7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b268e7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Profitability of Processor Use of Melon Sheller in Edu Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>C.A, Adamade, E. I. Eze, F.O.Anyaeji, I.C. Ozumba &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 498-501<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b268f34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b268f34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2695ea\" data-id=\"b2695ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b269791 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b269791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study assessed the profitability of use of melon sheller by melon processors in Edu Local Government Area, Kwara State in order to verify the advantage of the use of mechanized equipment for melon shelling. The data generated were basically primary and obtained through personal interview schedule with a well-structured questionnaire. A random sampling technique was used in selecting the sampling for the study. A total of 60 Agro-processors engaged in melon processing across the four villages purposively selected were used. Data were analysed using budgetary analysis and descriptive statistics. From the investigation, the result of the costs and returns analysis revealed that Gross Margin (GM) was \u20a69,700.00. It shows that the use of this machine will make business more viable. It was therefore concluded that the use of melon sheller in processing melon is profitable in the study area and as well hastens and minimize the stress involve in shelling manually, as majority of the melon processors are women. Also credit facilities should be made available so as for them to get more returns. It was recommended that a melon sheller with a cleaning unit should be made available in the area for easy separation of the melon seeds from the husk after shelling.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 498-501\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>C.A, Adamade <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgro Industrial Development and Extension Department, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>E. I. Eze <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgro Industrial Development and Extension Department, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>F.O. Anyaeji <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgro Industrial Development and Extension Department, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>I.C. Ozumba <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgro Industrial Development and Extension Department, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Achigan-Dako, G. E., Vodouche, S. R., and Sangare, A. (2008). Morphological Characterization of local cultivars ofLagenarie siceraria (Cucurbitaceae) collected in Benin and Togo. Belgium J. Bot., 141 (1), 21-38.\r\n[2]. Adeniran, M.O. and G.F. Wilson.(1981): \u201cSeed type classification of melon (egusi) in Nigeria\u201d Paper presented at the 6th African Horticultural Symposium, University of Ibadan, 9th -25th, July, 1981.\r\n[3]. Ajepe, G.B., Adekunle, O.A., Ajibola, B.O. Sola Emmanuel Omolafe,S.E.(2016):\u201cWomen Participation in the Activities of Melon (Colocynthis citrullus L.) Value Chain Enterprises in Kwara State, Nigeria\u201d Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University JAFAG ISSN: 1300-2910 E-ISSN: 2K147-8848 (2016) 33 (2), 1-8\r\n[4]. Ayodele O. J., Oladapo M. O., &amp; Omotoso, S. O. (2007). Fertilizer Sector Liberalization: Effects on theProfitability of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in \u2018Egusi\u2019, Okra and Tomato Production in Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, 81-86. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3923\/ijar.2007.81.86\r\n[5]. FAO Statistics (2010: Feeding the World. Vegetable producing Countries including Melons, Pp. 139, 165.\r\n[6]. FORAMINIFERA (2012): Market Research Tuesday, 27 November 2012 16:00.Melon Seed Decortication Business in Nigeria: The Opportunities. Pp 1- 2.\r\n[7]. Kushwaha, H.L., Strivastava, A.P., and Singh, H. (2005): Development and Performance Evaluation of an Okra Seed Extractor. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGRJournal. P.M. 05 001, vol. Vii December (Article 52).\r\n[8]. Kwara StateMinistry of Information (2002): Kwara State Diary 2002, pp. 1-10.\r\n[9]. Langer, R.H.M. and Hill, G.D (1989): Agricultural plants Press Syndicate of the University press, p.212.\r\n[10]. Lanre, D. and Adeniran, M.O. (1989).Geographical Distribution and Performance of the Major Seed types of Melon (Egusi)(Citrullus lanatus) in Nigeria. National Horticultural Research Institute, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan Occassional Paper No. 15, Pp. 1-12.\r\n[11]. Mohammed, B.T. (2011): \u201cSocio-economic analysis of melon production in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria\u201d Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics Vol. 3(8), pp. 362-367.\r\n[12]. Monday O. Akusu1 &amp; David B. Kiin-Kabari1. (2015):Comparative Studies on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and Melon (Citrullus vulgaris) Seed Flours Used in \u201cEGUSI\u201d Soup Preparation Journal of Food Research; Vol. 4, No. 5; 2015 ISSN 1927-0887 E-ISSN 1927-0895\r\n[13]. Ndulaka, J. C., Ekaiko, M.U., Onuh, Emeka .F and Okoro, Oriaku. A. (2017):Comparative Studies on the Nutritional and Anti \u2013 Nutritional Properties of Indigenous Seeds Used As Soup Thickeners in South-East Nigeria IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB)ISSN: 2455-264X, Volume 3, Issue 5 (Sep.- Oct. 2017), PP 39-44\r\n[14]. Nkakini SO, Ayotamuno MJ, Maeba GPD, Ogaji SOT, Probert SD (2007) Manually powered continuous flow maize sheller. Applied Energy 84: 1175-86.\r\n[15]. NPC (2006). \u201cNigeria 2006 Census Figures\u201d. Nigeria master web. Retrieved June 3, 2015.\r\n[16]. Nwakire JN, Ugwuishiwu BO, Ohagwu CJ (2011) Design, construction and performance analysis of a maize thresher for rural dweller. Nigerian Journal of Technology 30: 49-51.\r\n[17]. Ojieh, G. C., Oluba, O. M., Ogunlowo, Y. R., Adebisi, K. E., &amp; Eidangbe, G.O. (2008). Compositional Studies of Citrullus Lanatus Seed; Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness, 6(1), 1-10\r\n[18]. Olayiwola, C.B. (1987): Women in Agriculture. Paper presented at the workshop on women in Development, sponsored by DFRRI, Abuja. 14th \u2013 16th September, p. 6 -9.[\r\n[19]. Shittu, S.K. and Ndrika, V.I.O. (2012): Development and performance tests of a melon (egusi) seed shelling machine. AgricEngInt: CIGR Journal, 14(1): Manuscript 2027.\r\n[20]. Schippers, R.R. (2000). African Indigenous Vegetables. An overview of the cultivated species. Chatman, UK:Natural resources Institute\/ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation.\r\n[21]. Sodiya, C.I. and Oyediran, W.O. (2014): Contributions of Melon Production to Livelihood Sustainability of Rural Farming Households in Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare Vol.4, No.12: 8-18\r\n[22]. Ukonze, J. A. and Okeke, A. U. (2015): Agribusiness Concerns in Large Scale Processing and Marketing of Melon in South-Eastern, Nigeria. Global Awareness Society International 24th Annual Conference \u2013 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. ]]\r\n[23]. van der Vossen, H. A. M., Denton, O. A. and El-Tahir, I. M. (2004). Citrillus lanatus. In: Grubben, G. J. H andDenton, O. A. Plant resources of Tropical Africa 2 Vegetables. Wageningen. The Netherlands; CTA,Leiden, the Netherlands: Backhuys Publishers, pp 185-191.\r\n[24]. Yusuf, O., Sanni, S. A., Ojuekaiye, E. O. &amp; Ugbabe, O. O. (2008). Profitability of \u2018egusi\u2019 melon (citrulluslanatus thunb. Mansf)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">C.A, Adamade, E. I. Eze, F.O.Anyaeji, I.C. Ozumba &#8220;Profitability of Processor Use of Melon Sheller in Edu Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.498-501 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/498-501.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/498-501.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/profitability-of-processor-use-of-melon-sheller-in-edu-local-government-area-kwara-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Profitability of Processor Use of Melon Sheller in Edu Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26a6ea elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b26a6ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b26a7e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b26a7e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b26a96b\" data-id=\"b26a96b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26aa8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b26aa8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b26d8d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b26d8d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b26dace\" data-id=\"b26dace\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26dc13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b26dc13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b26dcc7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b26dcc7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b26de26\" data-id=\"b26de26\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26df56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b26df56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b26e000 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b26e000\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b26e176\" data-id=\"b26e176\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26e28d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b26e28d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Factors Influencing Parental Attitudes towards Girl-Child Education in Sokoto South Local Government Area, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Usman Mohammed, Hassan Abubakar Horo, Mika\u2019ilumuhammad, Bashar Ibrahim &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 502-512<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b26e338 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b26e338\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b26e4a9\" data-id=\"b26e4a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26e5ee elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b26e5ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examined factors influencing parental attitude towards girl-child education in Sokoto South Local Government Area of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Three research questions were raised to guide the study which are: to what extent does religious beliefs influence parents\u2019 attitude towards girl child education, to what extent does cultural beliefs influence parents\u2019 attitude towards girl child education and to what extent does socioeconomic status influence parents\u2019 attitude towards girl child The population of the study involved parents and out of school girls in Sokoto South Local Government Area. Snow ball sampling technique was used in selecting the parents of out of school girls. One hundred and forty respondents (parents and girls) formed sample for the study. A self-developed questionnaire named Parental Attitude And Girl-Child Education Questionnaire (PAGEQ) was used for data collection. A reliability of 0.76 and validity of 0.88 was established for PAGEQ. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analysis the data generated. Findings of the study; p = 0.001, 0.007 &amp; 0.00 &lt; 0.05 revealed that the three factors examined are factors influencing parental attitude toward girl-child education. However, religious belief appears to be the strongest contributing factor in the prediction of parental attitude towards girl child education with a standardized coefficient beta of 0.21= 0.007 &lt;0.05.Based on the findings, recommendations were made. It was recommended that the government should empower parents who were handicapped by poverty in order to enable them have capital to purchase instructional materials for their children. It was also further recommended that both the government and religious leaders should carry out awareness and sensitization programs in order to let the parents know the importance of girl-child education in the area.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 502-512\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Usman Mohammed<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of General Education, Biga College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hassan Abubakar Horo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundation, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mika\u2019ilumuhammad<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum And Instruction, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bashar Ibrahim<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Adult Education, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Opportunities for the Private Sector;article on Girl Child Initiative Abuja: Federal Ministry of information, Nigeria. P, 80.\r\n[17]. Giwa, A. B. &amp; Abdulmalik, I. (2006). Constraints facing girls\u2018secondary education in Sokoto State. Nigeria. Education Review, 8 (1), 71, 183.\r\n[18]. Grace C. O (2009). girl-chld education in Africa. keynote address presented at the conference of the federation of the university womwne of Africa held in lagos- nigeria\u2019 on 16th \u2013 19th july, 2009\r\n[19]. Huisman J. &amp; Smits, J. (2009). keeping children in school: Household and district-level determinants of school dropout in 363 districts of 30 developing countries.\u2019 NICE Working Paper 09-105, Nijmegen: Radboud University.\r\n[20]. Houtenville, A.J. (2008). Parental Effort, School Resources, and Student Achievement. Journal of Human Resources, 32 (4), 71.\r\n[21]. Joyce, T. M and Arua E. A. (2006). Attitudes of parents towards reading in rural communities in Botswana,the Reading Matrix, 3,2.\r\n[22]. Kainuwa, A., &amp; Yusuf, N.B.M. (2013).Students\u2019 perspective on female dropouts in Nigeria, International Journal of Academic Research in Education and Review, 1 (2), pp 29-37.\r\n[23]. Kainuwa, A., &amp; Yusuf, N. B. M. (2013). Cultural traditions and practices of the parents as barriers to girl-child education in Zamfara state, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3 (11), Pp. 5.\r\n[24]. Kamaldeen, A., Buhari, A.M., &amp;Parakoyi, D.B. (2013).Perception, Attitude and Practices of Parents in Okene, Nigeria towards Girl-Child Education International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2 (8), 5.\r\n[25]. Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tajikistan (2005a). National Strategy for Education Development of the Republic of Tajikistan. 2005.\r\n[26]. Ministry of Education Sokoto Nigeria (2010). State Strategic Education Sector Plan (SESP), 2011-2020.\r\n[27]. Nnoro, C. (2006). Persisting gender disparity in engineering and science based courses in Nigeria:An after-math of socialization. A paper presented at the 4th women in Africa and African Diaspora, International Conference held in Abuja from 3rd-8th August, 2009.\r\n[28]. Nzeako, C.U. (2011). Strategies for overcoming the barriers to girl-child education in Nigeria. Journal of Research and Development, 3 (1), 108-109.\r\n[29]. UBEC (2010). Facts and Figures: North West Zone. National and Regional Statistics.\r\n[30]. UNESCO, (2002). Education For All: is the world on track? EFA Global Monitoring Report. Paris.\r\n[31]. Usman, I. G. (2007). Incidence, typology and counselling need manifestation of street children Almajiri in Northern parts of Nigeria.( PhD thesis), submitted to the Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Abuja, Nigeria.\r\n[32]. Okoro N. P (2011). Comparative Analysis of Nigerian Educational System. International Journal of Business and Social Science, ISSN 2219-1933, (Print), 2219-6021.\r\n[33]. Olubunmi, A. J, &amp; Olufunke, B .T. (2011). Approaches to reach and teach the most marginalized children in Nigeria: The Girl-Child Education. International Journal of African Research Review, 5 (3), 81-89.\r\n[34]. Orodhu, J. A. (2003). Regional Inequalities in Education, Population and poverty patterns in Kenya: Emerging Issues and Policy Directions, Publication of Kenya Journal, 1\r\n[35]. Otive, I. (2006). The state of Education in Nigeria. A key note address delivered at a roundtable organized by civil society action coalition on Education For All.\r\n[36]. Remi, A. (2008). Gender, Literacy and the Society: A Discourse of Disparity in. some selected Schools in Sokoto Metropolis\r\n[37]. Shehzad, S. (2009). Islam and women: Misconception and misperception. Al- Maurid, A foundation for Islamic Research and Education, Lahore, Pakistan.\r\n[38]. Stephen, A.C. (2007). Attitudes of Muslim parents towards girl-child education in Ghana. (Unpublished Dissertation), Pp. 12.\r\n[39]. Subrahmanian, R. (2002). Citizenship and right to education.Vol.33 No 2.15\r\n[40]. UNICEF, (2007a). Education for some more than others: Regional study on education in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CEE\/CIS).\r\n[41]. UNICEF, (2002). Girls\u2019 education in Nigeria: report on the state of the world children.\r\n[42]. UNICEF, (2004). The state of the world\u2019s children: A report on education.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Usman Mohammed, Hassan Abubakar Horo, Mika\u2019ilumuhammad, Bashar Ibrahim &#8220;Factors Influencing Parental Attitudes towards Girl-Child Education in Sokoto South Local Government Area, Sokoto State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.502-512 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/502-512.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/502-512.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/factors-influencing-parental-attitudes-towards-girl-child-education-in-sokoto-south-local-government-area-sokoto-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Factors Influencing Parental Attitudes towards Girl-Child Education in Sokoto South Local Government Area, Sokoto State, Nigeria\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27a53a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b27a53a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b27a62a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b27a62a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27a7c0\" data-id=\"b27a7c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27a8f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b27a8f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b27a99f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b27a99f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27ab27\" data-id=\"b27ab27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27ac4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b27ac4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b27acfd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b27acfd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27ae55\" data-id=\"b27ae55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27af66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b27af66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b27b005 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b27b005\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27b182\" data-id=\"b27b182\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27b296 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b27b296\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Importance of Language in Teaching and Communication<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Garba Hassan Mustapha, Dr. Idris Abubakar Argungu &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 513-515<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b27b336 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b27b336\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27b49c\" data-id=\"b27b49c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27b5b7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b27b5b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper is an attempt to outline that, human and instructional language communication are dynamic contextual, continuous and interactive communication that occurs when individuals are able to share common meaning or are able to establish a common area of understanding. Human communication is defined as the conscious or intentional or unintentional process in which feelings and ideas are expressed in verbal and non-verbal massages.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 513-515\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Garba Hassan Mustapha <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Languages, Adamu Augie College of Education, Argungu, Kebbi State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Idris Abubakar Argungu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Arabic Language, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adole, I. A. (1988).Badic Instructional Technology: A Hand Book Unpublished.\r\n[2]. Berko, R. M. Wolvin, A. D. Wolvin, DR, (1998) Communication: A Social and Career Focus: Houghton MIffilin Co, 4th Edition.\r\n[3]. Harding, D. C. (2002).Framework for Teacher Reform.The World Bank Institute of Strategic Choices for Education Reform, Washington D.C.\r\n[4]. Nwajiobi, G. U. (1988). Communication in the Classroom, Jos Challenge Press.\r\n[5]. Oni, J. (1995). Educational Resources An Introduction. Abeokuta G-bemiSadipo Press.\r\n[6]. Sakan, B. O. (2002). \u201cCommunication in the Classroom\u201d A Paper Delivered at the Mobilization Workshop on Teachers Professional Support.\r\n[7]. Sprague, J. J. And Stuart, D. (1988).The Speakers Hand Book. New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers 2nd Edition.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Garba Hassan Mustapha, Dr. Idris Abubakar Argungu&#8221; Importance of Language in Teaching and Communication&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.513-515 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/513-515.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/513-515.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/importance-of-language-in-teaching-and-communication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Importance of Language in Teaching and Communication\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27c394 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b27c394\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b27c47e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b27c47e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27c604\" data-id=\"b27c604\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27c729 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b27c729\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b27ef62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b27ef62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27f19c\" data-id=\"b27f19c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27f2ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b27f2ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b27f3a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b27f3a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27f510\" data-id=\"b27f510\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27f61c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b27f61c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b27f6c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b27f6c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27f838\" data-id=\"b27f838\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27f95a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b27f95a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Teaching Entrepreneurship on the Employability of Secondary School Graduates in Sokoto South, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abdullahi Bello Abubakar, Usman Mohammed, Abubakar Sadiq Lawal, Buhari Marafa &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 516-521<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b27f9fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b27f9fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27fb66\" data-id=\"b27fb66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27fc93 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b27fc93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the impact of teaching entrepreneurship on the employability of secondary school graduates in Sokoto south, Sokoto state, Nigeria. The study covered 5 schools in Sokoto south local government. A cross sectional survey was used in order together information from various respondents from the five secondary schools in Sokoto south local government, Sokoto state, Nigeria. The population of study comprised of the Principals, Teachers, Parents and Student. The study was conducted using a descriptive research design because the researcher intended to collect data from various persons in 5 schools in Sokoto south local government. A sample size of 81 was used in the study .They comprised of 5 Principals, 10 teachers, 6 parents and 60 students from the selected secondary schools in Sokoto south local government. Purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used for selecting the respondent\u2019s .The findings indicated that the teachers in secondary schools in Sokoto south local government have impact of implementation of teaching entrepreneurship education, How the achievement of teaching of entrepreneurship impact on secondary schools students, Challenges facing teaching entrepreneurship education in secondary schools in Sokoto south local government. The research recommended that government and schools administrators should provide various teaching aids to schools to improve teaching and learning process in secondary schools in Sokoto south local government. The challenges faced are big numbers of students, inadequate teaching materials, unqualified teachers, lack of teaching method for teaching entrepreneurship education schools in Sokoto south local government. Finally the interventions identified are the need for the government and schools administrators to provide teaching aids to the secondary schools in Sokoto south local government. The conclusions arrived at the government that is Federal ministry of education and State ministry of education should provide teaching aids like instructional materials, textbooks and other facilities in order to improve the standard of teaching entrepreneurship education in secondary schools in Sokoto south local government Sokoto state Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 516-521\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdullahi Bello Abubakar <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, Umaru Ali Shinkafi Polytechnic, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Usman Mohammed <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Education, Biga College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar Sadiq Lawal <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Education SSCOE, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Buhari Marafa <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Social Studies SSCOE Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abdullahi, B (2000), Comparative study of student performance in works schools in training Centers in Sokoto state, Government printers, Sokoto.\r\n[2]. Ardo, G. V (1996), Effect of availability and use of instructional materials on the academic Performance of student in schools, Zamfara state (A conference). Venue Shehu Shagari Centre for continue education, Sokoto. Dailytrust newspaper 23rd October 2018\r\n[3]. John. B.N (1999), Foundation of education and practice, Daylight light publishers, Sokoto, Nigeria.\r\n[4]. Horo, H.A (2009), Implementing teaching entrepreneurship education in secondary Schools in Nigeria, Gaskiya publishers, Zaria.\r\n[5]. Haruna, M.J. and Abdulmalik, I. (2006). \u201cStudents\u2019 Population Explosion in Nigerian Schools: Its challenges to Teachers\u201d. Farfaru Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Studies, Vol. 1, P. 351-355\r\n[6]. MOE (2007), Educational policy review commission, Kaduna, National teachers Institute, Kaduna, Nigeria.\r\n[7]. Nwana, J.B. (1981), Educational research and statistics. Lecture note on (EDU 307) unpublished from faculty of education and extension services department of science and vocational Education Sokoto.\r\n[8]. Sanusi, N (2006), Causes of good performance in entrepreneurship education in secondary Schools in Nigeria, BAT project, unpublished, UsmanuDanfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria.\r\n[9]. Sokoto (2008), General method of teaching, Shehu Shagari College of education centre for Continue education, Sokoto.\r\n[10]. Umar, D (1994), An investigation into the causes of good performance in the teaching Entrepreneurship education in secondary Schools in Nigeria, the National Examination council, Nigeria.\r\n[11]. Zarumi, H (2005), Problem facing teaching entrepreneurship education in secondary schools in Nigeria, a seminer presentation at Shehu Shagari College of education Sokoto, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abdullahi Bello Abubakar, Usman Mohammed, Abubakar Sadiq Lawal, Buhari Marafa &#8220;Impact of Teaching Entrepreneurship on the Employability of Secondary School Graduates in Sokoto South, Sokoto State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.516-521 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/516-521.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/516-521.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-teaching-entrepreneurship-on-the-employability-of-secondary-school-graduates-in-sokoto-south-sokoto-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Teaching Entrepreneurship on the Employability of Secondary School Graduates in Sokoto South, Sokoto State, Nigeria\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b280a9e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b280a9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b280b81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b280b81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b280cfe\" data-id=\"b280cfe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b280e2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b280e2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b280ed0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b280ed0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b281029\" data-id=\"b281029\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b281137 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b281137\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2811d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2811d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b281352\" data-id=\"b281352\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2815e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2815e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2816a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2816a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b281823\" data-id=\"b281823\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b281931 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b281931\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Urbanization and Environmental Impact of Urban Sprawl in Ogu Town, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Collins H. Wizor (PhD), Gbenekanu Ledornu Mpigi &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 522-529<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2819da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2819da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b281b4d\" data-id=\"b281b4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b281c78 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b281c78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study focused on urbanization andenvironmental impact of urban sprawl in Ogu town, Rivers State, Nigeria. It essentially dealt with the issue of population explosion and ecological devastation in the study area. The thrust of the study is to examine the relationship between urban sprawl and environmental degradation. Ogu town is made up of 50 communities out of which 10 were selected for this study through random sampling technique. One hundred and fifty (150) respondents were selected from the 10 communities through stratified and systematic sampling method and questionnaires were prepared and administered to the respondents. Information from the respondents were analysed and tested by the use of pearson product moment correlation coefficient and validated with the student t-test. The hypothesis was to test the relationship between urban sprawl and Environmental degradation. The findings of the study showed among others that urban sprawl has significantly led to environmental degradation resulting to different environmental and Ecological problems in the area. To solve these problems, it was recommended that the principle of urban planning should be integrated in the planned discipline and planning of urban areas. Also, the place of EIA should be incorporated in the planning of urban area.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 522-529\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Collins H. Wizor (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gbenekanu Ledornu Mpigi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDevelopment Planning Unit, University College, London\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abam, T.K.S (2008): Sand Dredging in the Niger Delta and Impacts on Coastal Stability and Infrastructure. Paper Presented at the 2008 Annual Workshop of the Nigerian Mining and Geoscience Society, Port Harcourt\r\n[2]. Abam, T.K.S (2001): Regional Hydrological Research Perspectives in the Niger Delta. Hydrological Science Journal, 4 (6)\r\n[3]. Abam, T.K.S (1999): Impact of Dams on the Hydrology of the Niger Delta. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 57 (3)\r\n[4]. Adeyemo, A. M. (2002): Fundamentals of Human Geography, Port Harcourt. Amethysts and Colleagues Press\r\n[5]. Amadi, J. and Tamuno, S (2001): Oil Exploration in Nigeria: Its Socio-Economic Impact on Host Communities. African Journal of Environmental Studies, 2 (9)\r\n[6]. Bakare,G.O. (2014): Urbanization, Urban Poverty, Slums and Sustainable Urban Development in Nigerian Cities: Challenges and Opportunities.IISTE, Developing Countries Studies. 4 (18)\r\n[7]. Donk V.M. (2006): Positive Urban Futures in Sub-Sahara African: HIV\/AIDS and the Need for a Broader Conceptualization (ABC). Environment and Urbanization, 18(1)\r\n[8]. Mabogunje, A. L. (1976): Towards an Urban Policy in Nigeria\u2019 in P. O. Sada and J. S. Oguntoyinbo (ed) Urbanization Processes and Problems in Nigeria. University of Ibadan Press.\r\n[9]. Mabogunje, A. L. (1999): Urbanization in Nigeria, London, University of London Press. National Population Commission, NPC (2006) Population Distribution by Sex, State, LGA\u2019S, Senatorial District; 2006 Priority Tables, 3\r\n[10]. Ojo, J.G.A (1978): Thirty Years of Geographic Thought in Nigeria. Nigerian Geographical Journal 21\r\n[11]. Omole, K. F. (2010):An Assessment of Housing Condition and Socio-economic Life Styles of Slum Dwellers in Akure, Nigeria. Contemporary Management Research, 6(4)\r\n[12]. Osuiwu, B.0.,and Ologunorisa, T.E (1999): Weather and Climate, in C.U Oyegun and A. Adeyemo (eds.), Port Harcourt Region. Paragraphics, Port Harcourt.\r\n[13]. Oyegun, C. U and Adeyemo, A. M. (1991) The Port Harcourt Region in Oyegun, C. U and Adeyemo, A, M (eds) Paragraphics, Port Harcourt\r\n[14]. Rosemary, N.O. (2016): Urban Sprawl and Sustainable City Development in Nigeria. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 17(2)\r\n[15]. Ukoje, J. E., and Kanu, K.U. (2014): Implementation and the challenges of the mass housing scheme in Abuja, Nigeria. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 4, (4)\r\n[16]. Umeuduji, J.E. and Aiseuebeogun, A. (1999): Relief and Drainage, in Oyegun C.U. and Adeyemo. A. (eds). Land and People of Rivers State. River Side Communication, Port-Harcourt\r\n[17]. Wizor, C. H. (2014): Determinants and Pattern of Single-Family Housing Estates in Port Harcourt Metropolitan Fringe Areas. Journal of Research on Humanities and Social Sciences.4 (11)\r\n[18]. Wizor, C. H. (2014): Residential Development Dynamics in Port HarcourtMetropolis: Implication for Efficient Urban Planning. Journal of Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4, No 6\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gunathilaka D. D. I. M. B. and Ariyaratne W. M. &#8221; Urbanization and Environmental Impact of Urban Sprawl in Ogu Town, Rivers State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.522-529 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/522-529.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/522-529.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/urbanization-and-environmental-impact-of-urban-sprawl-in-ogu-town-rivers-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Urbanization and Environmental Impact of Urban Sprawl in Ogu Town, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b282abe elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b282abe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b282ba2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b282ba2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b282d14\" data-id=\"b282d14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b282e3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b282e3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b282ee1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b282ee1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b283040\" data-id=\"b283040\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28319e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b28319e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b28326a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b28326a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2833db\" data-id=\"b2833db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b283501 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b283501\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2835b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2835b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b283724\" data-id=\"b283724\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28382b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b28382b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Information Seeking Behavior of Teacher Trainees of Evangelical Presbyterian College of Education, Bimbilla, Ghana<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dawuda Issah, Abubakari Hafiz &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 530-534<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2838c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2838c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b283a62\" data-id=\"b283a62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b283b9e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b283b9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the information seeking behavior of teacher trainees of the Evangelical Presbyterian College of Education, Bimbilla, Ghana. Hundred (100) first and second year teacher trainees were selected for the study. Respondents were selected using random sampling technique and questionnaires were used as the data collection instrument. The results showed that, the information needs of the trainees were related to their course work. Also, internet was found to be the main source of information for the teacher trainees and finally print information resources was preferred to electronic resources by the teacher trainees. The study suggested the following recommendations; the library should improve upon the collection to reflect the programs run in the college, the library must be provided with internet connection, the collection of the library must be updated regularly to meet the specific needs of the students and finally, the library should adopt marketing strategies such as orientation programs, public lectures, public announcements to always keep users abreast with their services.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 530-534\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dawuda Issah <\/strong><\/span>\r\nActing Librarian, Department of Library and Information Science, E. P. College of Education, Bimbilla, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakari Hafiz <\/strong><\/span>\r\nActing Librarian, Kwame Nkrumah Centenary Library Department, Bagabaga College of Education, Tamale, Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Anthony, A., &amp; Futo, E. (2019). Information Needs and Seeking Behavior of Final Year Students of Federal University of Technology , Owerri.\r\n[2]. ATTAFUAH, H. F. (2015). Information Behavior of Teachers in Second Cycle Institutions in the Lower-Manya Krobo Municipality, Ghana. University of Ghana. Retrieved from http:\/\/ugspace.ug.edu.gh\r\n[3]. Dipak, B., &amp; Kundu, K. (2015). Nature of the Information Seeking Behaviour of Teachers Engaged in General Degree Colleges and Teachers \u02bc Training Colleges\u202f: A Critical Analysis, (August), 257\u2013274.\r\n[4]. Fasola, S. O., &amp; Olabode, S. O. (2013). Information Seeking Behaviour of Students of Ajayi Crowther. Brazilian Journal of Information Science, 7(2), 47\u201360.\r\n[5]. Fox, R. (2010). Academic library users, use and user studies, 5(1976), 265\u2013288.\r\n[6]. Hugar, J. G. (2019). A Study on Information Seeking Behavior of the Medical and Allied College Students in Goa State.\r\n[7]. Ismaila, Y. A. (2019). Information Needs and Information Seeking Behavior of Postgraduate Students in Kwara State University, Malete. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1\u201312.\r\n[8]. Kadli, J. (2011). Faculty Information-Seeking Behaviour in the Changing ICT Environment\u202f: A Study of Commerce Colleges in Mumbai Faculty Information-Seeking Behaviour in the Changing ICT Environment\u202f: A Study of Commerce Colleges in Mumbai.\r\n[9]. Markwei, E., Rasmussen, E., Markwei, E., &amp; Rasmussen, E. (2015). International Information &amp; Library Review Everyday Life Information-Seeking Behavior of Marginalized Youth\u202f: A Qualitative Study of Urban Homeless Youth in Ghana Everyday Life Information-Seeking Behavior of Marginalized Youth\u202f: A Qualitative Study of Ur, 2317(December). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10572317.2015.1039425\r\n[10]. Natarajan, M. (n.d.). Information Seeking Behaviourr- Management.Pdf, 8(2), 100\u2013110.\r\n[11]. Shanmugam, A. (1999). Information Seeking Behavior of Trainee Teachers in Selected Teacher Training Colleges in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Library &amp; Information Science, 4(1), 1\u201326.\r\n[12]. Silva, A. P. U. De, &amp; Chandrawamsa, P. S. (2016). Information Needs and Information Seeking Behavior of Students at Higher Educational Institutes\u202f: With Special Reference to CINEC Maritime Campus, 4(6), 494\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13189\/sa.2016.040608\r\n[13]. Srivastava, V., Pradesh, U., &amp; Bangla, W. (2016). Information seeking behaviour of the students of National Law University , Uttar Pradesh, 1(11), 38\u201343.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dawuda Issah, Abubakari Hafiz &#8220;The Information Seeking Behavior of Teacher Trainees of Evangelical Presbyterian College of Education, Bimbilla, Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.530-534 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/530-534.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/530-534.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-information-seeking-behavior-of-teacher-trainees-of-evangelical-presbyterian-college-of-education-bimbilla-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Information Seeking Behavior of Teacher Trainees of Evangelical Presbyterian College of Education, Bimbilla, Ghana\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b284a4d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b284a4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b284b4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b284b4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b284ce8\" data-id=\"b284ce8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b284e17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b284e17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b284ec5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b284ec5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b285013\" data-id=\"b285013\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28d1d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b28d1d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b28d2d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b28d2d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b28d474\" data-id=\"b28d474\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28d59f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b28d59f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b28d647 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b28d647\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b28d7d6\" data-id=\"b28d7d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28d8f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b28d8f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teacher\u2019s Appraisal Technique Practices for Enhanced Productivity in Secondary Schools in Bayelsa State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Asuku, Mayomi &amp; Prof. Nath M. Abraham &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 535-540<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b28d9c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b28d9c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b28db3b\" data-id=\"b28db3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28dc62 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b28dc62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the teacher\u2019s appraisal technique practices for enhanced productivity in secondary schools in Bayelsa, Rivers State. two research questions and two hypotheses were guided the study. The design of the study was descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 190 and a staff strength of 3,678 teachers public senior secondary schools in Bayelsa state. With a sample size of 225 teaching staff with the aid of the stratified random sample technique.. The instrument used for data collection was the Teacher\u2019s Appraisal Technique Practices for Enhanced Productivity Scale (TATPEPS). The instrument was validated by experts and its reliability coefficient of 0.84 was determined using cronbach alpha formula. The research questions were answered with descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were analyzed with t-tests (paired and independent) and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The results obtained indicated that performance interview practices can enhance productivity to high extent in secondary schools in Bayelsa State. Based on this, it was recommended that there should be a regular review of performance to enhance productivity to a higher extent in secondary schools in Bayelsa state.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 535-540\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asuku, Mayomi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Nath M. Abraham <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Agboola, B.M. &amp; Akporche, D. (2016). Personnel administration in higher education. In C.M. Uche, L. Nwikina, S.C. Anyamele &amp; J.N.D. Meenymikor (Eds). Administration and organization of higher education: Theories tasks and techniques. (pp:66-83). Port Harcourt: Uniport Press.\r\n[2]. Agina-Obu, T.N. (2005). Fundamental skills in classroom teaching. Port Harcourt: Panagraphil.\r\n[3]. Asedilu, J.D. (2016). Application of balanced scorecard (B.Sc) in Educational Institutions. In S.O. Oluwuo and J.D. Asodike (Eds) Managing schools for productivity: Emerging perspectives (pp 111-124). Port Harcourt: Pearl.\r\n[4]. Asodike, J.D. &amp; Ogbu, T. (2014). Teacher utilization and staff appraisal in school organization. In F. N. Obasi &amp; J.D. Asodike (Eds) Educational Resource Management (pp: 97-117). Port Harcourt: Pearl.\r\n[5]. Ayeni, F.U. (2016). Education sector and the national economy. Ibadan: Longman Publishers.\r\n[6]. Darra, M. (2006). Productivity improvements in education: A replay. European research studies. 9(3-4). 101-124.\r\n[7]. Embrey, D. (2001). Task analysis techniques. Retrieved on 26th July, 2019 from https:\/\/www.humanreliability.com\/articles\/task%20analysis%20techniques.pdf.\r\n[8]. Eseyin, E.O. (2016). Task analysis and school productivity. In S.O. Oluwuo, &amp; J.D. Asodike (Eds) Managing schools for productivity: Emerging perspectives (pp:94-110). Port Harcourt: Pearl.\r\n[9]. Igwe, L.E.B. (2006). Fundamental theories, concept principles and practices of educational administration. Port Harcourt: Petrup.\r\n[10]. Jones, R. &amp; George, M. (2009). Contemporary management. 6th edition. McGraw-Hill international edition.\r\n[11]. Nwabueze, A.I. (2011). Achieving MDG\u2019s through ICTs usage in secondary schools. Germany: Lambert Academy Publishing.\r\n[12]. Robbins, S.P. &amp; Coulter, M. (2013). Management: Pearson horizon edition (87-88). England: Pearson education publishing.\r\n[13]. Weihrich, H. &amp; Koontz, H. (2006). Management: A global perspective. Eleventh edition. India: Tata McGraw Publishers.\r\n[14]. Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia (2019). Appraisal retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/appraisal.\r\n[15]. Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia (2019). Performance based interview. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/performancebasedinterview.\r\n[16]. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2019). Performance interview. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/performanceinterview.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Asuku, Mayomi &amp; Prof. Nath M. Abraham &#8220;Teacher\u2019s Appraisal Technique Practices for Enhanced Productivity in Secondary Schools in Bayelsa State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.535-540 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/535-540.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/535-540.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teachers-appraisal-technique-practices-for-enhanced-productivity-in-secondary-schools-in-bayelsa-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Teacher\u2019s Appraisal Technique Practices for Enhanced Productivity in Secondary Schools in Bayelsa State, Nigeria\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28eca8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b28eca8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b28ee96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b28ee96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b28f32a\" data-id=\"b28f32a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28f597 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b28f597\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b28f6db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b28f6db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b28f96d\" data-id=\"b28f96d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28fb9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b28fb9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b28fcd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b28fcd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b28ff7e\" data-id=\"b28ff7e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2901c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2901c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b290318 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b290318\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b29060a\" data-id=\"b29060a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b290842 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b290842\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Carrots or Sticks? A Commentary on Military Force as an Effective Response in Counter-Terrorism<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Oko, Edidiong, Ufomba, Henry- August 2019 Page No.: 541-544<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b290981 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b290981\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b290cb1\" data-id=\"b290cb1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b290efd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b290efd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Terrorism in its operational sense refers to the purposive adoption of lethal violence aimed at human or non-human target with the objective of making the state or an agency of the state to act in line with the demands of the perpetrators. While there is a degree of disagreement among scholars on what terrorism itself implies there is a higher intensity in the debate on the most effective strategy for counter-terrorism. Situated within the latter front of the debate this commentary argued for the use of military force as an effective first-approach counter terrorism measure. It argued that negotiation create a sense of credibility to terrorist organization among the populace- which have a negative impact on the political capacity of the state while validating the demand of the terrorist organization. Hence military force was advised as first line of action against lethal terrorist attacks so as to reinforce the status of the state as the legitimate monopoly of the apparatus of force. Furthermore military force when successful creates collateral cost on the limited human and material resources of the terrorist organization which reduces its capability in the short and long run.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 541-544\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oko, Edidiong <\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe Senator George J Mitchell Institute for Global Peace, Security and Justice, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ufomba, Henry <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Graduate School Esgc Erasmus, University of Freiburg, Germany\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abrahms, M. (2006). Why Terrorism Does Not Work. International Security, 31 (2): 42 \u2013 78.\r\n[2]. Cronin, A. (2009). How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns. Princeton: Princeton University Press.\r\n[3]. Dode, R. &amp; Ufomba, H. (2014). \u201cA Gave-Theoretic Hypothesis on the Relations between Victim States and Terrorist Organisations Based on the Eminue-Ufomba Model\u201d. Journal of Conflictology, 5(1): 13-18.\r\n[4]. Eminue, O. E. &amp; Ufomba, H. (2011). \u201cModeling Terrorist Target Selection: Orgnski\u2019s Power Transition Theory\u201d Defence and Security Analysis, 27 (4): 375-382.\r\n[5]. Fortuna, P. (2011). \u201cDo Terrorist Win? Rebels Use of Terrorism and Civil War Outcomes\u201d. APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper.\r\n[6]. Kyold, A. &amp; Watter, B. (2006). \u201cThe Strategies of Terrorism\u201d. International Security, 31(1): 49-79.\r\n[7]. Lake, D. (2002). \u201cRational Extremism: Understanding Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century\u201d Dialog-ZO, 1(1): 15-29.\r\n[8]. Ozcn, N. A. (2018). \u201cIs Terrorism Becoming an Effective Strategy to Achieve Political Aims?\u201d AllAzimuth,7(2): 93-100.\r\n[9]. Pape, R. (2003). \u201cThe Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism\u201d. American Political Science Review,97 (3): 343-361.\r\n[10]. Pape, R. (2005). Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. New York: Rardom House.\r\n[11]. Stanton, J. (2013). \u201cTerrorism in the Context of Civil War\u201d. The Journal of Politics, 75 (4): 1009-1022.\r\n[12]. Virginia, F. (2015). \u201cDo Terrorist Win? Rebels Use of Terrorism and Civil War Outcomes\u201d. International Organisation, 69 (3): 519:556.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oko, Edidiong, Ufomba, Henry &#8220;Carrots or Sticks? A Commentary on Military Force as an Effective Response in Counter-Terrorism&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.541-544 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/541-544.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/541-544.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/carrots-or-sticks-a-commentary-on-military-force-as-an-effective-response-in-counter-terrorism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carrots or Sticks? A Commentary on Military Force as an Effective Response in Counter-Terrorism\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b29766b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b29766b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b297dcf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b297dcf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b297f1e\" data-id=\"b297f1e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b298028 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b298028\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2980c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2980c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b298232\" data-id=\"b298232\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b298347 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b298347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Corporate Governance Indicators and Their Effects on Firms\u2019 Value<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Waheed Solagbade OLADEJI, Elizabeth Oyebola AGBESANYA &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 545-552<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2983e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2983e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b29856b\" data-id=\"b29856b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2986a3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b2986a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper examined the effects of corporate governance indicators on firms\u2019 value and for in-depth analysis made use of secondary data obtained from the published annual reports and accounts of 20 quoted companies on the Nigeria Stock Exchange for Eight financial years -2009 to 2016.The collected data were analyzed using least square regression t \u2013 test statistic at 5% level of significance with the aids of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study showed that positive relationship exists between corporate governance indicators represented by board size, executive compensation, financial disclosure and transparency and profitability as measure of firms\u2019 value. The study therefore suggests that steps should be taken for mandatory compliance with the code of good corporate governance while an effective legal framework that specifies the rights and obligations of a firm, its directors and other stakeholders should be developed.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 545-552\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Waheed Solagbade OLADEJI <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elizabeth Oyebola AGBESANYA <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abdullah, H. and Valentine B. (2009)Fundamental and Ethics Theories of Corporate Governance, Middle Eastern Finance and Economics, ISSN: 1450-2889 Issue 4, 88-96\r\n[2]. Adegbemi, B. &amp; Donald, I (2012) Corporate Governance and Bank Performance: A Pooled Study of Selected Bank in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal December Edition Vol. 8 (28) ISSN: 1857 \u2013 7881 (Print) e \u2013 ISSN 1857 \u2013 7431.\r\n[3]. Alo, O., (2007). Corporate Governance in Nigeria: An Overview. Bullion, Publication of The Central Bank of Nigeria, Vol. 31( 3)\r\n[4]. Anderson, and Ribstein, L. E., 2003. International Implications of Sarbanes-Oxley: Raising the Rent on U.S. Law, Journal of Corporate Law Studies 3(2).\r\n[5]. Awoyemi 2009, Corporate Governance, Financecrisis and The Nigeria Leadership.\r\n[6]. Baysinger, B. and Butler, H. (1985) Corporate Governance and Board of Directors: Performance Effects of Changes in Board Composition. Journal of Law, Economics and Organisation 1 (spring, 101 \u2013 124.\r\n[7]. Belkhir, M. (2006): Board Structure, Ownership Structure, and Firm Performance: Evidence from Banking. Retrieved from www.papers.ssrn.com\/so13\/papers.cfm?\r\n[8]. Cadbury, A. (1995) Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance: Compliance with the Code of Best Practices. London: Gee Publishing\r\n[9]. Cadbury, A, (1992): Report of the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance. Gee Publishing, London\r\n[10]. Cadbury, A. (2002): Overview of Corporate Governance: A Framework for Implementation. The World Bank Group; Washington. D.C: V-VI.\r\n[11]. Chienjien, F. (2010). Corporate Governance in the Nigerian Financial Sector: An Ethical Analysis of the 2009 Intervention and Operators Behavior.\r\n[12]. Claessens, S. and J.P.H. Fan, (2003): Corporate Governance in Asia: A Survey. Working Paper,009-03 University of Amsterdam.\r\n[13]. Claessens, S., (2003) Corporate Governance and Development, Global Corporate Governance Forum World Bank, Washington D.C.\r\n[14]. Christiansen (2010) Accountability and Transparency Guide for State Ownership, OECD http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dataoecd\/4\/25\/44787256.pdf\r\n[15]. Chienjien, F. (2010). Corporate Governance in the Nigerian Financial Sector: An EthicalAnalysis of the 2009 Intervention and Operators Behavior.\r\n[16]. Core, J., Holthausen, R.andLarcker, D. (1999): Corporate Governance, Chief Executive Compensation, and Firm Performance. Journal of Financial Economics 51 (2), 371-406.\r\n[17]. Davis, J.H., Schoorman, F.D. and Donaldson, L. (1997) Towards a Stewardship Theory of Management, Academy of Management Review, 22 (2), 47- 59\r\n[18]. Donaldson, L and Davis, J. (1991) Stewardship Theory or Agency theory: CEO Governance and Shareholders Returns, Academy of Management Review, 20 (1), 65\r\n[19]. Donaldson and Preston, L.E. (1995) The Shareholders Theory of Corporation: Concepts, Evidence and Implication, Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65\r\n[20]. Driffield, N, Mahambare, V &amp; Pal, S 2007, &#8216;Howdoes ownership structure affect capital structure andfirm value? Recent evidence from East Asia Economics of Transition, 15( 3), 535-73.\r\n[21]. Defond, M and Hung, M (2004): Investor Protection and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Worldwide CEO Turnover, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 42, (2) 86- 94\r\n[22]. Friedman, A.L. and Miles, S. (2006). Stakeholders: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press.\r\n[23]. Freeman, E. (1984): Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Freeman, E. (1984): Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall\r\n[24]. Gregory, H. .J. and Simms, M. E. (1999), Corporate Governance: What it is and why it matters\r\n[25]. Hassan,Y.A., (2010). Corporate Governance and Performance of Deposit Money Banks inNigeria. Nigerian Journal of Accounting and Finance.\r\n[26]. Hermalin, B. and Weisbach M. (1991) The Effects of Board Composition and Direct Incentives on Firm Performance. Financial Management 20 (Winter).\r\n[27]. Imukolu, M.O. &amp;Ogodor, B. (2014)Corporate Governance: A Panacea for Effective Bank Performance In Nigeria 2006 \u2013 2010 Journal of Research in Business and Management Vol. 2, &#8211; Issue 2, 1-5, ISSN (Online): 2347-3002.\r\n[28]. International Chamber of Commerce (2002), Disclosure and Transparency,http:\/\/www.iccwbo.org\/corporate-governance\/id3081\/index.html\r\n[29]. Jensen, M., Meckling, W., (1976). Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure.Journal of Financial Economics 3, 305\u2013360.\r\n[30]. John, K. And Senbet, L.w. (1998), Corporate Governance and Board Effectiveness. Journal of Banking and Finance, 22,371 -403\r\n[31]. Kajola, S.O., (2008). Corporate Governance and Firms\u2019 Performance: The Case of NigerianListed Firms. European Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences ,issue 14.\r\n[32]. Kyereboah-Coleman, A., 2007. \u201cCorporate governance and firm performance in Africa:A dynamic panel data analysis\u201d, International Conference on Corporate Governance inEmerging Markets, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey. http:\/\/www.ifc.org\/ifcext\/cgf.nsf\/AttachmentsByTitle\/PS2.3\/$FILE\/Kyereboah\r\n[33]. Olayinka, M.U., (2010).Impact of Board Structure on Corporate Financial Performance inNigeria. International Journal of Business and Management.No.3\r\n[34]. OECD (2009). The corporate governance lessons from the financial crisis. OECD financial market trends. http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/finance\/financialmarkets\/42229620.pdf\r\n[35]. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2004) OECD Principles ofCorporate Governance. http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dataoecd\/32\/18\/31557724.pdf\r\n[36]. Rasid, K (2008): A Comparison of Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Developing (Malaysia) and Developed (Australia) Financial Market. A PhD Thesis submitted to the Centre for Strategic Economic Studies, Faculty of Business and Law, Victoria University, Melbourne\r\n[37]. Ramdani, D. and A.V. Witteloostuijn, 2010. \u201cThe impact of board independence andCEO duality on firm performance: A quantile regression analysis for Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea and Thailand\u201d, British Journal of Management, 21(3), pp. 607-627.\r\n[38]. Samiu and Temitope, (2005). Audit Quality, Corporate Governance &amp; Firm Characteristics inNigeria. International journal of business and management.\r\n[39]. Siebens, H. (2002). Concepts and Working Instruments for Corporate Governance. Journal ofBusiness Ethics, 39, pp. 109-116.\r\n[40]. Tanko, M., and Kolawole, O., (2010).Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Nigeria. International Journal of Business Administration.\r\n[41]. Tricker, R.I. (1984) Corporate Governance: Practices, Producers and Powers in BritishCompanies and Their Boards of Directors, Aldershot: Gower Press.\r\n[42]. Tricker, R.I. and Tricker B. (2009), Issue Corporate Governance: An International Review,Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Volume 17(3), 405\u2013406, May 2009\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Waheed Solagbade OLADEJI, Elizabeth Oyebola AGBESANYA &#8220;Corporate Governance Indicators and Their Effects on Firms\u2019 Value&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.545-552 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/545-552.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/545-552.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/corporate-governance-indicators-and-their-effects-on-firms-value\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corporate Governance Indicators and Their Effects on Firms\u2019 Value\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b299540 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b299540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b299657 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b299657\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b299801\" data-id=\"b299801\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a5b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2a5b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2a5c4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2a5c4a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2a5e3e\" data-id=\"b2a5e3e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a5f75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2a5f75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2a6033 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2a6033\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2a61bd\" data-id=\"b2a61bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a62e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2a62e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2a638d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2a638d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2a650a\" data-id=\"b2a650a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a6635 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2a6635\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Cashless Policy: Prospects and Problems in Nigerian Environment<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Elizabeth Oyebola AGBESANYA, Waheed Solagbade OLADEJI &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 553-556<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2a66dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2a66dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2a6861\" data-id=\"b2a6861\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a69ad elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b2a69ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The cashless policy was introduced with the objective of promoting the use of electronic payment channels such as Point of Sales (POS), Automated Teller Machine (ATM) in order to reduce the risk associated with carrying about physical cash and to enhance immediate transactions. Its introduction brought about mixed feelings among the stakeholders especially its operation in the environment where the irregular supply of electricity and dwindling internet connectivity is the order of the day. While acknowledging that its adoption in the developed economy creates ease and convenience to all participants, there has been a continuous deliberation on its operation in Nigeria where high percentage of people are not computer literate. This study examined cashless policy in its entirety in Nigeria in order to draw attention to its benefits and the challenges impeding its practice and to make recommendations necessary for effectiveness and general acceptability.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 553-556\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elizabeth Oyebola AGBESANYA<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Waheed Solagbade OLADEJI<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ajayi, S. I. and O. O. Ojo (2006), -Money and Banking: Analysis and Policy in the Nigerian Context, Second Edition, University of Ibadan, Daily Graphics Nigeria Ltd.\r\n[2]. Akhalume P.B., and Ohiokha F. (2012), \u201cNigeria\u2019s Cashless Economy: The imperatives\u201d. International Journal of Management &amp; Business studies. 2(2):31-37\r\n[3]. Bonugli Paul (2006), The Cashless society: Increased Usage of Card-Based Payment Systems\u201d, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton.\r\n[4]. Boughton J.M. &amp; Wicker E.R. (1975), The Principles of Monetary economics, Richard Irwin inc, Homewood,Illinois.\r\n[5]. Carpenter, C. (2003) \u201cSME Finance in Nigeria\u201d, Paper presented for the roundtable on \u201cMaking Small Business Finance Profitable in Nigeria\u201d available at http:\/\/www.ypforum.org\/news-carpenter\r\n[6]. Central Bank of Nigeria Website (2011), \u2015New Cash Policy, Presentation for the Interactive\r\n[7]. Ekpenyong D.B. &amp; Nyong M.O. (1992), Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria: Their Characteristics, Problems and Sources of Finance. African economic Research Consortium, Research Paper 16\r\n[8]. Emma Okonji, \u201cCashless Economy: CBN Deploys Over 60, 000 POS Terminals.\u201d available at http:\/\/www.thisdaylive.com\/articles\/cashless-economy-cbn-deploys-over-60-000-pos-terminals\/115500\/, posted 10\/05\/2012, accessed 28\/05\/2017\r\n[9]. Humphrey, D. B. (2004): \u2015Replacement of cash by cards in U.S. Consumer Payments, Journal of Economics and Business, 56, 211\u2013225.\r\n[10]. Kosoko, S. (2011) \u201cBanks and Information Technology Contracts: Some Legal Considerations.\u201d In MILBQ, pgs. 79 \u2013 88, Lagos.\r\n[11]. Laoye, J. (2011). \u201cBenefits of cashless economy by experts\u201d retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.zumalist.com\r\n[12]. Michael Dugen (2013), Cashless Economy in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Prospects.\r\n[13]. Osazevbaru, Henry Osahon &amp; Prof. Yomere, Gabriel O(2015) , Benefits And Challenges Of Nigeria\u2019s Cash-Less Policy Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review Vol. 4, No.9; May. 2015\r\n[14]. Odior, S. E. and Banuso, B. F. (2012). \u201cCashless banking in Nigeria: challenges, benefits and policy implication\u201d, European Scientific Journal, Vol.8 (12), retrieved fromeujournal.org\/index.php\/esj\/article\/view\/192\r\n[15]. Okogbue (2011) \u201cRevised QnA on CBN Policy on Cash Withdrawal Limit.\u201d Central Bank of Nigeria.\r\n[16]. Olorunshola J.A. (2003), \u201cProblems and Prospects of Small and Medium Scale Industries in Nigeria\u201d, A paper presented At the CBN Seminar on Small and Medium Industries Equity Investments Scheme (SMIEIS)\r\n[17]. Omachonu John (2012) \u201cEnhancing Cashless Economy Through Mobile Banking\u201d. Business Day Newspaper,13th February 2012.\r\n[18]. Osotimehin, K.O; Jegede, C.A.; Akinlabi, B.H.; Olajide,O.T. (2012), \u201cAn Evaluation of The Challenges and Prospects of Micro and Small Scale enterprises Development in Nigeria\u201d, American International Journal of Contemporary Research. 2(4):174-185.\r\n[19]. Safiriyu, A.M. &amp;Njogo, B.O. (2012), \u201cImpact of Small and Medium Scale enterprises in The Generation of Employment in Lagos State\u201d, Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review. 1(11): 107-141.\r\n[20]. Udechukwu F.N. (2003), \u201cSurvey of Small and Medium Scale Industries and Their Potentials in Nigeria\u201d, A paper presented at The CBN Seminar on Small and Medium Industries Equity Investments Scheme(SMIEIS)\r\n[21]. Van Hore L. (2003), \u201cMaking Electronic Money Legal tender: pros &amp; cons\u201d Paper prepared for \u201cEconomics for the Future\u201d, University of Cambridge\r\n[22]. White, L.H. (1995) &#8220;Thoughts on the Economics of Digital Currency.&#8221; Extropy15 (7) (2): 16-18.\r\n[23]. Yaqub, J.O., Bello, H.T., Adenuga I.A. &amp;Ogundeji, M.O.(2013): The Cashless Policy in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 3, No. 3,200 -213 http:\/\/www.cbn.gov.ng\/cashless\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Elizabeth Oyebola AGBESANYA, Waheed Solagbade OLADEJI &#8220;Cashless Policy: Prospects and Problems in Nigerian Environment&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.553-556 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/553-556.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/cashless-policy-prospects-and-problems-in-nigerian-environment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cashless Policy: Prospects and Problems in Nigerian Environment\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a783a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b2a783a\" 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data-id=\"b2a7fe4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2a8149\" data-id=\"b2a8149\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a825a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2a825a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2b5664 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2b5664\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2b58e0\" data-id=\"b2b58e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b5a47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b5a47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Style and Selected Works of Asuquo Alfred Akpabio, a Modern Nigerian Artist<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Emmanuel Joseph Ndem- August 2019 Page No.: 557-562<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2b5b11 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2b5b11\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2b5cb0\" data-id=\"b2b5cb0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b5df2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b2b5df2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">There are many artists who have worked without notice in Nigeria. Most of the indigenous Artist of Akwa Ibom state may be forgotten and their works may become unheard of in contemporary Nigerian Art and the society. This paper therefore focuses on Chief Akpabio\u2019s, a sculptor and wood carver of Akwa Ibom State origin to the growth and advancement of art in Nigeria. The thrust of the study is on the artist\u2019s style and medium. Information for this study was collected through primary and secondary medium. The paper recommends that awareness should be created on indigenous artists by documentation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 557-562\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Joseph Ndem <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Fine and Industrial Arts University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Bardi, A. (2017). Olabisi Onawale Fakeye: A Renowned Contemporary Nigerian Sculptor and Art Educator. General Education Journal, 7(1).\r\n[2]. Chukueggu, C. (2010). Modern Artistic Tendency in Nigeria: Its Influence on the Creative Development. Anthropologist, 12(3), 167-173.\r\n[3]. Dilworth,J. (2007). In Support of Content Theories Of Art. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 85(1), 19 \u2013 39.\r\n[4]. Fosu, K. (1986). 20th Century Art of Africa (Nigeria). Kaduna: Gaskiya Corporation.\r\n[5]. Grieder, T. (1990). Artist and Audience. Orlando Florida: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,Inc.\r\n[6]. Kalilu, R. and Oladugbagbe F. (2013). Antecedence and Morphology of Garden Sculpture in Nigerian Art Schools. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,3(16).\r\n[7]. Ndem, E.(2019, June 11). Group interview.\r\n[8]. Bourdieu, P. (1984). The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. New York:Columbia University Press\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Emmanuel Joseph Ndem &#8220;Style and Selected Works of Asuquo Alfred Akpabio, a Modern Nigerian Artist&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.557-562 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/557-562.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/557-562.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/style-and-selected-works-of-asuquo-alfred-akpabio-a-modern-nigerian-artist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Style and Selected Works of Asuquo Alfred Akpabio, a Modern Nigerian Artist\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b6cb8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b2b6cb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2b72d0\" data-id=\"b2b72d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b73ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b73ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2b74a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2b74a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2b760d\" data-id=\"b2b760d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b7723 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b7723\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2b77c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2b77c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2b7938\" data-id=\"b2b7938\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b7a4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b7a4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Approach to Environmental Governance of Assam<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Durmily Hansepi- August 2019 Page No.: 563-569<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2b7af3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2b7af3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2b7c60\" data-id=\"b2b7c60\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b7d91 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b2b7d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper attempt to discuss the emerging trends on recent environmental issues in the North East of India specially Assam. An urgent need of focus, on these issues and finding out effective alternatives to govern the environmental conflict areas is very critical. The ongoing vulnerable situation have an adverse impact on the human activities, livelihood and the environment as a whole. People need to protect their basic socio-economic or livelihood conditions as well as indigenous communities and those people that habituated nearby the river valleys over since time immemorial also in and around of the forest region. Without forest resources ninety percent of the people will be starved since forest is one of the main sources of livelihood for the people of North East India in general and indigenous people in the Hills in particular. However, in the recent past, what observed is that, establishment and introduction of modern technology and its urbanisation strategy in the region had caused great destruction on forest resources or ecosystem including sacred sites which therefore, affect culturally also. The fact is that common people or the local community suffered the most as victimise in such vulnerable occasion. Therefore, the paper will analyse the need of environment governance for the survival of the environment and its sustainable possibilities on one hand and also focus some important approach or element that can have a growing capacity to govern the environmental on related issues in the region on the other hand.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 563-569\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Durmily Hansepi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nResearch Scholar, Assam University Diphu Campus (Political Science Dept), India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Seymour, V. (2016). The Human-Nature Relationship and its Impact on Health: A Critical Review. Department of Civil, Environmental and Geometric, Engineering, University College London, London, UK, www.frontiersin.org. Accessed on date 17th August 2019.\r\n[2]. Chapter II Status of Environment of India\u2019s North East. p-47, https:\/\/www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in. Accessed on date 18th August 2019.\r\n[3]. (2019). 5 Environmental Problems of Assam (Dangerous), www.allaboutassam.in. Accessed on date 18th August 2019.\r\n[4]. Beware of Venturing into the Haunted Balpakram National Park Meghalaya, www.whatshot.in. Accessed on date 18th August 2019.\r\n[5]. Bennett and Satterfield (2018). Environmental Governance: A Practical framework to Guide Design, Evaluation and Analysis, A Journal o f the Society for Conservation biology, p-7-9. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Accessed on date 18th August 2019.\r\n[6]. Community Culture and the Environment: A Guide to Understanding a Sense of Place, https:\/\/www.threecircles.org. Accessed on date 19th August 2019.\r\n[7]. Janicke, M. and Jorgens, H. (2006). New Approaches to Environmental Governance, https:\/\/www.researchgate.net. P-176-179. Accessed on date 22nd August 2019.\r\n[8]. Joyce M Suya Acting Executive Director UNEP, (2019). Sand and Sustainability: Finding New Solutions for Environmental Governance of Global Sand Resources, published by the United Nations Environment Programme, (UNEP), ISBN No. 978-92-807-3751-6.\r\n[9]. (1993) Chapter 5: Research to Protect, Restore and Manage the Environment. P-101-102. https:\/\/www.nap.edu. Accessed on date 23rd August 2019.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Durmily Hansepi &#8220;An Approach to Environmental Governance of Assam&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.563-569 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/563-569.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/563-569.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-approach-to-environmental-governance-of-assam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Approach to Environmental Governance of Assam\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2be3dc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b2be3dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2be4da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2be4da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2be678\" data-id=\"b2be678\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2be7ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2be7ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2be85f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2be85f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2be9c2\" data-id=\"b2be9c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2beaec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2beaec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2beb92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2beb92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2bece6\" data-id=\"b2bece6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2bedf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2bedf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2bee9a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2bee9a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2befff\" data-id=\"b2befff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2bf116 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2bf116\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Zimbabwean Advanced Level Physics Teachers\u2019 Views on Inquiry-Based Physics Instruction and Level of Actual Classroom Practices<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Munikwa Simbarashe, Ferreira. J. Gherda &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 570-580<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2bf1b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2bf1b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2bf332\" data-id=\"b2bf332\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2bf471 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b2bf471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study explored how Zimbabwean Advanced Level physics teachers perceive and teach inquiry skills in Advanced Physics classrooms. The study was motivated by misconceptions of physics concepts displayed by learners being enrolled in physics related undergraduate programmes in some of the Zimbabwean universities. The study sought to check on current teachers\u2019 views, experiences and practices with respect to current inquiry instructional practices. The mixed method approach was employed for the study. The data was solicited through a questionnaire, an interview guide, lesson observation guide and a document analysis guide. Random sampling was used to select 140 physics teachers from the 10 Educational provinces and purposive sampling was used to select 30 teachers for the interviews. 20 lessons were observed. Descriptive statistics and emerging themes were used to concretise the data for discussion. The main findings suggest that teachers are aware of inquiry-based science teaching approaches yet depict low level inquiry-based physics practices in the classrooms. The low level inquiry-based physics teacher practices could be attributed to limited teacher competencies, public examinations assessment demands, limited human and material resources and limited time for effective teaching and learning. The study recommends teachers need to be capacitated on inquiry-based learning competencies, school authorities invest in both human and material resources and that aligning public examinations assessment demands to inquiry-based competencies will make teachers adapt accordingly.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 570-580\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Munikwa Simbarashe <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Quality Assurance, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ferreira. J. Gherda <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum and Instruction Studies, University of South Africa, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Anderson, R.D. (2002). Reforming Science Teaching: What research says about Inquiry? Journal of Science Teacher Education, 13(1), 1-12.\r\n[2]. BauJaude, S. (2011). Modern Developments in Science Education. Encyclopedia of Life Support systems.www.eolss.net.\/Sample-chapter\/C11\/E1-12-87.pdf.\r\n[3]. Bregman, J. (2008). Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment in Secondary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank paper no 128. Washington, DC.\r\n[4]. Botha, M.L. (2012). Science education in South Africa for the 21st century: Mutualism between Knowledge domains. South African Journal of Higher Education, 26(6), 1265-1279.\r\n[5]. Buabeng, I. (2015). Teaching and learning of Physics in New Zealand. Christchurch.University of Canterbury.\r\n[6]. Capps, D., K. &amp; Crawford, B., A. (2013). Inquiry-based Instruction and Teaching about nature of science: Are they happening? Journal of Science Teacher Education, 24(3), 497-526.\r\n[7]. Chabalengula, V.M. &amp; Mumba, F. (2012). Inquiry-based science education: A scenario on Zambia\u2019s high school science curriculum. Science Education International, 23 (4), 307-327.\r\n[8]. Chinyere, A.P. (2014). Physics teachers\u2019 Perception of Effective Teaching\/Learning of Physics in senior secondary schools for Global competitiveness. Journal of Research and Method in Education, 4(1), 20-24.\r\n[9]. Creswell, J.W 2014 Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approach.(4th Ed). London. Sage Publications.\r\n[10]. Creswell, J.W. &amp; Plano Clark, V.L (2011). Designing and conducting Mixed Methods Research. London. Sage Publications.\r\n[11]. Dai, D. Y., Gerbino, K. A., &amp; Daley, M. J. (2011). Inquiry-based learning in China: Do teachers practice what they preach, and why? Frontiers of Education in China, 6(1), 139\u2013157.\r\n[12]. DiBiase, W. &amp; McDonald, J.R. (2015). Science Teacher attitudes Toward Inquiry-Based Teaching and Learning. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational strategies, Issues and Ideas,DOI:10.1080\/00098655.2014.987717.\r\n[13]. Etkina, E. (2010) .Pedagogical content knowledge and preparation of high school physics teachers\u2019. Physical Review Special Topics-Physics Education, 6,020110.\r\n[14]. Fernandez, F., B. (2017). Action Research in the physics classroom: The impact of authentic, inquiry-based learning or instruction on the learning of thermal physics. Asia-Pacific Science Education, 3:3.\r\n[15]. Fischler, A.S. (2014). Mixed methods research. Design-Fischler\r\n[16]. School.www.fischlerschool.nova.edu\/\u2026\/mixed methods. Accessed on: 3\/02\/15\r\n[17]. Fullan, M. (2007). The New Meaning of Educational Change. (4thed).New York: Teachers\u2019 College Press.\r\n[18]. Holloway, C. (2015). Teachers\u2019 level of Inquiry-based Chemistry and students\u2019 attitude about high school chemistry. Tuscaloosa. Albana.\r\n[19]. Howitt, C. (2007). Pre-service elementary teachers\u2019 perceptions of factors in a holistic methods course influencing their confidence in teaching science. Research in Science Education, 37(1), 41\u201358.\r\n[20]. Kasembe, R. (2011). Teaching Science through the Science Technology and Society (STS) lens in Zimbabwe High Schools: Opportunities and Constraints. Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research. 23(3), 314-348.\r\n[21]. Lim, P. &amp; Pyvis, D. (2012). How Singapore junior college science teachers address curriculum reforms: A theory. Issues in Educational Research, 22(2), 127-148.\r\n[22]. Mandina, S. (2012). An Evaluation of Advanced Level Chemistry Teaching in Gweru District Schools, Zimbabwe. Asian Social Science. 8(10), 151-159.\r\n[23]. Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (2015). A-Level Physics syllabus. Harare. Curriculum Development Unit\r\n[24]. Ministry of Primary &amp; Secondary Education, (2015). Curriculum Review Process: Narrative Report. Harare. Government Printers\r\n[25]. Mtetwa, D. (2017). Classroom implementation of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Learning and Instruction: A Paradigmatic Shift. Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 30(1), 140-151.\r\n[26]. National Research Council, (NRC), (2000). Inquiry and the National Science Standards: A guide for Teaching and Learning. Washington DC. Academic Press.\r\n[27]. National Research Council (2012). A framework for K-12 science education: Practices,\r\n[28]. Crosscutting Concepts and Core Ideas. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.\r\n[29]. Ramnarain, U. (2016). Understanding the influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Inquiry-Based Science Education at Township Schools in South Africa. Journal of\r\n[30]. Research in Science Teaching. Wiley Online Library pp1-22. Accessed on 10-04-2016\r\n[31]. Ramnarain, U. (2014). Teachers&#8217; perceptions of inquiry-based learning in urban, suburban, township and rural high schools: The context-specificity of science curriculum implementation in South Africa. Teaching and teacher education, 38, 65-75.\r\n[32]. Roehrig, G. H. &amp; Kruse, R. A. (2005). The Role of Teachers\u2019 Beliefs and Knowledge in the Adoption of a Reform-Based Curriculum. School Science and Mathematics, 105, 412-422.\r\n[33]. Shulman, L.S. (1987). Knowledge and Teaching Foundations of the New Reform. Harvard Education Review. 57(1), 1-21.\r\n[34]. Tairabi, H &amp; Al-Naqbi, A. (2018). Provision of Inquiry Instruction and Actual Level of Practice as Perceived by Science Teachers and students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(1), 397-412.\r\n[35]. Tesfaye, L.C. Y. and White, S. (2012). High School Physics Teacher Preparation. American Institute of Physics Statistical Research Centre. www.aip.org\/statistics. Accessed on 30-06-12\r\n[36]. Zhu, Z. (2013). Chinese Secondary Physics Teachers\u2019 Beliefs and Instructional Decisions in Relation to Inquiry-based Teaching. Electronic Journal of Science Education.17 (2), 1-24.\r\n[37]. Zimbabwe Schools Examinations Council Physics Paper 4, November 2010\r\n[38]. Zimbabwe Schools Examinations Council. Physics paper 4, November, 2011\r\n[39]. Zimbabwe Schools Examinations Council. Physics paper 4, November, 2012\r\n[40]. Zimbabwe Schools Examinations Council. Physics paper 4, November, 2013\r\n[41]. Zimbabwe Schools Examinations Council. Physics paper 4, November, 2014\r\n[42]. Zimbabwe Schools Examinations Council. Physics paper 4, November, 2015\r\n[43]. Zimbabwe Schools Examinations Council. Physics paper 4, November, 2016.\r\n[44]. Zimbabwe Schools Examinations Council. Physics paper 4, November, 2017.\r\n[45]. Zimbabwe Schools Examinations Council. Physics paper 4, November, 2018.\r\n[46]. Zion, M., Cohen, S., &amp; Amir, R. (2007). The spectrum of dynamic inquiry teaching practice. Research in Science Education, 37(4), 423\u2013447.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Munikwa Simbarashe, Ferreira. J. Gherda &#8220;The Zimbabwean Advanced Level Physics Teachers\u2019 Views on Inquiry-Based Physics Instruction and Level of Actual Classroom Practices&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.570-580 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/570-580.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/570-580.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-zimbabwean-advanced-level-physics-teachers-views-on-inquiry-based-physics-instruction-and-level-of-actual-classroom-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Zimbabwean Advanced Level Physics Teachers\u2019 Views on Inquiry-Based Physics Instruction and Level of Actual Classroom Practices\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2cdab3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b2cdab3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2cdbda elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2cdbda\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2cddab\" data-id=\"b2cddab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2cdf1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2cdf1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2cdfdd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2cdfdd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2ce194\" data-id=\"b2ce194\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ce2d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2ce2d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2ce380 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2ce380\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2ce4fa\" data-id=\"b2ce4fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ce61f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2ce61f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2ce6dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2ce6dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2ce868\" data-id=\"b2ce868\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ce98f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2ce98f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Government Interventions towards Safety Challenges amongst Commuters&#8217; and the Operation of Commercial Motorcycles in Ibadan Metropolis <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Danjibo Nathaniel D, Olasupo Adebayo S , Ojo Oladayo S &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 581-592<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2cea53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2cea53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2cebde\" data-id=\"b2cebde\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ceefc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b2ceefc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Commercial motorcycling is a popular mode of public transportation in Ibadan metropolis. However, a number of social problems such as accidents, crimes and human insecurity have been associated with the operations of commercial motorcycling in Ibadan. And little attention paid to the linkages between commuters\u2019 safety, health and security issues. Therefore, this study explored government interventions in addressing problems associated with safety challenges with the commercial motorcycling operation in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State. A case study design was adopted. A purposive sampling of 24 motorcycle units , 12 focus group discussions with the branch heads and union members of the motorcycle unions and the commuters across the city. Primary and secondary data were collected using qualitative techniques. Twenty-eight in-depth interviews and twelve focus group discussions were conducted. Data collected were content analysed Findings revealed that the use of motorcycles for criminal activities by fake commercial motorcyclists, lack of protection and adequate vests for drivers, reckless driving, impatient, over speeding and non-compliance to traffic rules are the major commuter safety challenges in Ibadan. Thus, state government has implemented policies such as ban of commercial motorcycling and use of helmets which have not yielded the expected behavioural change. As recommended, the government both at the federal and state level should increase the level of security in Ibadan by posting more trained and experienced law enforcement agents in Ibadan metropolis.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 581-592\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Danjibo Nathaniel D <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute for Peace and Strategic Studies University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olasupo Adebayo S <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute for Peace and Strategic Studies University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ojo Oladayo S <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute for Peace and Strategic Studies University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ademiluyi, I. and Gbadamosi, K. 2004.Geography of movement and mobility crisis in Nigeria. International Journal of Environment and Development, 7.1:22-29.\r\n[2]. Adeniji, K. 2004. Para-transit modes in Nigeria: Problems and prospects. The International Quarterly on Urban Policy 4.4:339-347.\r\n[3]. Akpuh, P. 2017. Okada riders get safety wears, tips, from A.O.A Foundation in Ibadan, www.newspeak.com\r\n[4]. Arosanyin, Godwin Tunde, Olowosulu, AdekunleTaiwo and Oyeyemi, GafarMatanmi .2011. Employment generation and earnings in the informal transport sector in Nigeria, International Business and Management. 2.2:139-148 www.cscanada.net\r\n[5]. Banister, D. 2009 Transport planning. Handbook of transport systems and traffic control. Eds. Kenneth Button and David Hensher. First edition: 2001. United Kingdom: Emerald.\r\n[6]. Bryan, A. 2004. Social Research Strategies. London: Oxford University Press.\r\n[7]. Button, K. J. and Hensher, D.A. 2009. Introduction. Handbook of transport systems and traffic control. Eds. Kenneth Button and David Hensher. First edition: 2001. United Kingdom: Emerald\r\n[8]. Cohen, B. 2004. Urban growth in developing countries: a review of current trends and a caution regarding existing forecasts. World Development, 32 .1: 23\u201351.\r\n[9]. Ekere A.U., and Ibeanusi, S .2003. Pattern of motorcycle associated injuries in Port-Harcourt-A Hospital Based study. Orient J. Med, 16: 36-40.\r\n[10]. Filani, M. et al. 1998. Mobility and Survival: A Nation\u2019s Dilemma. An Inaugural Lecture, University of Ibadan.\r\n[11]. FRSC. 2012. An article on FRSC Establishment Act. www.Frsc.gov.ng Dec 15.\r\n[12]. Iginla, S. L. 2007. Area boys\u2019 Activities: An Underground Economy. Lagos State Judiciary Report, Wednesday, 11 April. Lagos State Secretariat Publication.\r\n[13]. Lakshmanan, T. R. and Anderson, W.P. 2009. Infrastructure capacity. Handbook of transport systems and traffic control. Eds. Kenneth Button and David Hensher. First edition: 2001. United Kingdom: Emerald.\r\n[14]. Lawal, M. I. 2009. Estate development practice in Nigeria. Lagos: ILCO Booksand Publishers. Chp. 11: 151-152.\r\n[15]. Mitric Slobodan. 2008. Urban transport for development towards an operationally-oriented strategy. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank,, Washington, DC.\r\n[16]. Momoh, A. 2000.Youth culture and area boys in Lagos. In Athairu Jega, (ed.) Identity Transformation and Identity Politics under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria. Nigeria: Nordiska Afrikainstiutet and CRD (200\u2013226).\r\n[17]. Nash, C. et al 2009 Equity versus efficiency in transport systems. Handbook of transport systems and traffic control. Eds. Kenneth Button and David Hensher. First edition: 2001. United Kingdom: Emerald.\r\n[18]. National Population Commission. 2006. Population Census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: Preliminary Report.\r\n[19]. Nigeria\u2019s National Transport Policy (NTP, 2010): National Transportation development and system structure.pp, 5-32\r\n[20]. Odufuwa, B. 2007. Towards sustainable public transport for disabled people in Nigerian Cities. Studies on Home and Community Science,1.2:93 101.\r\n[21]. Ogagaoghene, C. C. 2011. An address delivered by the Sector Commander, Federal Road Safety Corps Oyo State at the Inauguration of members of Association of Motorcycle Riders in Oyo State on 19 March, 2011.\r\n[22]. Okunola, R. A. 2009. Commuters\u2019 fear of crime and the road transport industry: A study of Ibadan-Sokoto transport corridor. The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology. 7: 98-120\r\n[23]. Ola Ajayi .2012. Police on Oyo State round up ex-convicts that formed notorious robbery gang, Vanguard News Paper, Friday, August 21, 2012. Retrieved from www.vanguardngr.com\r\n[24]. Olaoba, O. B. 2002. Business on the wheels: bus conducting and social conflicts in Ibadan City. Rex-Connel Publication.\r\n[25]. Punch Newspaper. Helmet: Okada riders protest in Ibadan, the Punch Newspaper, Accessed Wednesday,28Jan,2009:http:\/\/archive.punchng.com\/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art20090128226957\r\n[26]. Savage, I. 2009. Transport safety. Handbook of transport systems and traffic control. Eds. Kenneth Button and David Hensher. First edition: 2001. United Kingdom: Emerald.\r\n[27]. Talla, R.T. and Song, I.W. 2014. Animal transport in the early indigenous market economy of Northern Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE),1.7:148-156.\r\n[28]. Vanguard News, January 31, 2017. FRSC seeks nationwide ban of commercial motorcycle. www.vanguardnews.com\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Danjibo Nathaniel D, Olasupo Adebayo S , Ojo Oladayo S &#8220;Government Interventions towards Safety Challenges amongst Commuters&#8217; and the Operation of Commercial Motorcycles in Ibadan Metropolis &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.581-592 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/581-592.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/581-592.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/government-interventions-towards-safety-challenges-amongst-commuters-and-the-operation-of-commercial-motorcycles-in-ibadan-metropolis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Government Interventions towards Safety Challenges amongst Commuters&#8217; and the Operation of Commercial Motorcycles in Ibadan 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2db188 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2db188\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2db324\" data-id=\"b2db324\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2db45e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2db45e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2db507 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2db507\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2db671\" data-id=\"b2db671\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2db787 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2db787\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2db828 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2db828\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2db99b\" data-id=\"b2db99b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2dbaa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2dbaa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Relationship between Self-esteem and Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) Performance in Mombasa County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Madiha Salim Khamis, Mwaura Kimani, Philomena Ndambuki &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 593-597<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2dbb50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2dbb50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2dbcb5\" data-id=\"b2dbcb5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2dbe4b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b2dbe4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In Kenya, the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination (KCSE) is done after completion of secondary school education. Performance in the KCSE has implications that plays out across life stages and at multiple levels. It can enhance or can derail ones educational and occupational trajectories. Passing the KCSE examination enables one to pursue higher education, as entry into institutions of higher learning for various programmes is paged on KCSE performance.\r\nThe declining level of KCSE performance in Mombasa County is a cause for concern among education stakeholders; the study therefore seeks to address this concern by finding out if there is a relationship between psychological determinants and students KCSE performance in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study\u2019s main objective was to find out the relationship between self-esteem and KCSE performance in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study adopted correlation research design and exploratory research design. It was conducted in Mombasa in all the six sub counties namely Mvita, Kisauni, Nyali, Jomvu, Changamwe and Likoni.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 593-597\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Madiha Salim Khamis <\/strong><\/span>\r\nGuidance and Counseling Section, Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mwaura Kimani <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Education, Maasai Mara University, Narok Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Philomena Ndambuki <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Alves-Martins M., Peixoto F., Gouveia-Pereira M., Amaral V. &amp; Pedro,(2002). Self-esteem and academic achievement among adolescents. Educational Psychology, 22(1), 51\u201362.Retrived on 28th August, 2017 from https:\/\/ncbi.nim.nih.\r\n[2]. Baumeister, R.F., Campbell, J.D., Krueger, J.I. &amp;Vohs, K.D. (2003). Does highelfcausebetterperformance, interpersonalsuccess, happiness, and orhealthierlifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1\u201344.https:\/\/www.ncbi.gov\/pubmed\/26151640\r\n[3]. Blascovich, J. &amp;Tomaka J. (1991). Measures of self-esteem. Measures of Personality and social psychological attitudes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. www.scirp.org\/S351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzeje\/reference\r\n[4]. Dramani, B. &amp; Balarabe, M. (2013).Relationship between academic self-concept and academic performance of junior high school students in Ghana. European scientific journal.9 (34).https:\/\/journals.indexcopernicus.com\/journal\/29741\r\n[5]. Green, J., Nelson, G., Martin, A. J., &amp;Marsh, H. (2006).The causal ordering of self-concept and academic motivation and its effect on academic achievement. International EducationJournal.7 (4), Retrieved from https:\/iej.com.au.\r\n[6]. Gwiyari, P. &amp;Shumba, A. (2014).Students self-concept and academic Achievement in Zimbabwe. Journal of psychology in Africa, 17 (1), 119-122.\r\n[7]. Juyadegan, M. (2016).The relationship between self-esteem and reading comprehension of EFL Iranian pre university learners. Asian Economic and Social Science Journal.Doi:10.18488\/journal.1\/2016.6.5\/1.5.303.313Retrieved December 5th,2017from\/\/http\/www.aessweb.com\/journal\/May\/2016\/5007\/33\/26.\r\n[8]. Kothari, C.R. (2004).Research methodology: methods and techniques: New age international Publisher.2nd edition.\r\n[9]. Mugenda, A.G. (2008).Social science research. Theory and principles. Applied Research and Training Services, Nairobi.\r\n[10]. Naderi, Rohani Abdullah, H. TengkuAizan, JamaluddinSharir, &amp; Kumar (2009). Self Esteem, Gender and Academic Achievement of Undergraduate Students. American Journal of Scientific Research, 3, 26-37.www.eurojournals.com\/ajsr_3_03.pdf\r\n[11]. Nyamu, C.N. (2007).The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement of secondary school students: A case study of Nairobi Province. Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, United States International University, Nairobi, Kenya.\r\n[12]. Okoko, W.O. (2012).Self-esteem and academic performance of students in public secondarySchoolsinNdhiwaDistrict,Kenya.http:\/\/erespository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080\/xmlui\/handle\/123456789\/898.\r\n[13]. Otanga, H.F. (2016).Predictors of academic disidentification among form three secondary school students in Mombasa County. Unpublished Doctoral thesis, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.\r\n[14]. Ross, C.E. &amp;Broh, B.A. (2000). The roles of self-esteem and the sense of personal control in the academic achievement process. Sociology of Education, 73, 270\u2013284.\r\n[15]. Sandra, L.H. (2009). The relationship between self-esteem and academic success among African American students in the minority engineering program at a research Extensive university in the southern portion of the United States. Unpublished dissertation, Louisiana State University, Agricultural, and Mechanical College.\r\n[16]. Trautwein, U., Ludtke, O., &amp; Baumert, J. (2006).Self-esteem, academic self-concept and Achievement: how the learning environment moderates the dynamics of self-concept. Journal of personality and social psychology. (90)2,334-349.\r\n[17]. Twinomogisha, S.R. (2008).The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement. Retrieved from http:\/\/\/www.academia.edu\/836797\r\n[18]. Tromp, D.LKombo, D.K. &amp;. (2006).Proposal and thesis writing: an introduction: Pauline Publication. Nairobi.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Madiha Salim Khamis, Mwaura Kimani, Philomena Ndambuki &#8220;Relationship between Self-esteem and Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) Performance in Mombasa County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.593-597 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/593-597.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/593-597.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/relationship-between-self-esteem-and-kenya-certificate-of-secondary-education-kcse-performance-in-mombasa-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Relationship between Self-esteem and Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) Performance in Mombasa County, Kenya\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2dcd59 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b2dcd59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2dce45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2dce45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2dcfe0\" data-id=\"b2dcfe0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2dd113 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2dd113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2dd1bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2dd1bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2dd31f\" data-id=\"b2dd31f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2dd432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2dd432\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2dd4db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2dd4db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2dd628\" data-id=\"b2dd628\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2dd754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2dd754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2dd7f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2dd7f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2dd960\" data-id=\"b2dd960\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2e869f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2e869f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Power and Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Approach<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mazi Mbah, C.C., Dr. Ojukwu, U.G. &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 598-602<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2e8818 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2e8818\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2e8a1a\" data-id=\"b2e8a1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2e8bbe elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b2e8bbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Power and Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Approach is an inquiry into the link between power and foreign policy domain. The study was carried out relying on historical descriptive research method and the realist theoretical framework of analysis. It was discovered that right from the ancient times, in Greek City States to the Contemporary Period that power and the conduct of States Foreign Policies have been inseparable. Equally, the study found out that there are lack of scholarly agreement on appropriate theoretical perspective even among those of the same school of thought like the realist school that have appeared in different bents in foreign policy analysis. The study therefore, came to the conclusion that in all foreign policy action, small or large power plays commanding roles in their outcomes. It is the opinion of the paper that theoretical integration for foreign policy analysis within the realist school that invoke power as its tool of analysis will create a harmony for better understanding of states\u2019 foreign policies and international behaviour.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 598-602\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mazi Mbah, C.C.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus \u2013 Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Ojukwu, U.G.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus \u2013 Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Art, R.J. (1996). \u201cAmerican foreign policy and the fungibility of force\u201d, Security studies, 5(4): 7-42.\r\n[2]. Baldwin, D.A. (2013). \u201cPower and international relations\u201d, in Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse and Beth A. Simmons (eds.) Handbook of international relations, second edition. Los Angeles: SAGE Publishers Ltd.\r\n[3]. Dahl, R.A. (1957). The concept of power, Behavioural science, 2, 201-15.\r\n[4]. Glaser, C.L. (1995). \u201cRealists as opitiniests: Co-operation as Self-Help\u201d in Michael E. Brown, Sean M. Lynn- Jones and Stephen E. Millers (eds.), The perils of anarchy; Contemporary Realism and international security. Cambridge: MA: MT press.\r\n[5]. Holsti, K.J. (1977). International politics: A framework for analysis. USA: Prentice Hall Inc.\r\n[6]. Mbah, C.C. (2007). Foundations of political science. Nimo Nigeria: Rex Charles and Patrick Ltd.\r\n[7]. Morgenthau, H.J. (1956). Politics among nations: The struggle for power and peace, 4th edition. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p.26.\r\n[8]. Nnoli, O. (1978). Self reliance and foreign policy in Tanzania: The dynamics of the diplomacy of a new state, 1961 \u2013 1971, Lagos: Nok Publishers.\r\n[9]. Nnoli, O. (1989). Introduction to politics. Lagos: Longman Nigeria. P.5\r\n[10]. Nwankwo, O.B.C. (2013). Engaging a changing world: Continuity and change in Nigeria\u2019s foreign policy. Britain: Veritas Lelmen Publishers. p.12.\r\n[11]. Nye, J. (1990). Bound to Lead: The changing nature of American power. New York: Basic books. p.26.\r\n[12]. Nye, J. (2011). The future of power. New York: Public affairs. p.240\r\n[13]. Rose, G. (1998). \u201cNeo-classical realism and theories of foreign policy, World politics, 51: 144-172\r\n[14]. Walt, S.M. (2002). The enduring relevance of the realist tradition in Ira Katz Nelson and Helen V. Milner (eds.), Political Science, the state of the discipline. New York: W.W. Norton.\r\n[15]. Walter, C. (2013). \u201cForeign policy\u201d, in Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse and Beth A. Simmons (eds.) Handbook of International Relations, second edition. Los Angeles: SAGE Publishers Ltd.\r\n[16]. Waltz, K.N. (1996). \u201cInternational politics is not foreign policy\u201d, Security studies, 6: 54-57.\r\n[17]. Waltz, K.N. (2000). \u201cStructural realism after the Cold War\u201d, International security 25(1) \u2013 5 -41.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mazi Mbah, C.C., Dr. Ojukwu, U.G. &#8220;Power and Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Approach&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.598-602 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/598-602.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/598-602.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/power-and-foreign-policy-a-theoretical-approach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Power and Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Approach\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2e9b6d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b2e9b6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2e9c73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2e9c73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2e9e0d\" data-id=\"b2e9e0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2e9f47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2e9f47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2ea00a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2ea00a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2ea167\" data-id=\"b2ea167\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ea292 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2ea292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2ea343 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2ea343\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2ea4ab\" data-id=\"b2ea4ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ea5ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2ea5ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2ea671 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2ea671\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2ea7e6\" data-id=\"b2ea7e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ea8fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2ea8fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Paradox of Drug Abuse, Poverty and Criminal Behaviour among Youth in Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Eze Victor, Idoko Innocent, Oguche Christopher Joseph, Diyoke Michael Chika, Samuel Gwani &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 603-608<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2ea9a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2ea9a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2eab26\" data-id=\"b2eab26\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2eac77 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b2eac77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The degree of unemployment also correlates with poverty. Higher unemployment level would increase poverty and at the same time engenders crime activities due to depression associated with being unemployed. In their perspective, poverty to individual behavioral characteristics and choices such as alcohol and substance abuse, rape, theft etc. they suggest that the problem of poverty is within the control of the poor themselves and therefore policies and programs need to influence those choices through incentives and prohibitions. This paper examines the Paradox of drug abuse, poverty and criminal behavior in Nigeria. Theoretically the paper employed Merton\u2019s strain theory of crime to explain the issue of poverty, drug abuse and criminal behavior. Appropriate recommendations were also derived from the paper such as empowerment of youths through skill acquisitions, adequate training and retraining of youths enlightenment campaigns and struggles for good governance in Nigeria society.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 603-608\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eze Victor<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology University of Abuja Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Idoko Innocent<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology University of Abuja Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oguche Christopher Joseph<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Diyoke Michael Chika<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology University of Abuja Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel Gwani<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abdulahi, Z. (2009). \u201cDrug abuse among youths: Strategies for school counseling\u201d, The Nigerian Society of Educational Psychologists, Jos: Nigeria. pp. 131-136.\r\n[2]. Anasi, S. N. (2010) Curbing Youth Restlessness in Nigeria: The role of information &amp; Libraries. Bacon\r\n[3]. Bureau of Justice Statistics (2006) Criminal victimization in the United States, 2007 (NCJ 227669).Washington, DC: Author.\r\n[4]. Chukwuezi, C. O. (2009) Poverty &amp; Youth restiveness in Nigeria: Implications for National community Based Organization (CBOS), in A. Garba (ed). Youth and drug abuse in Nigeria: Strategies for counselling,\r\n[5]. Danziger, S.&amp; Haveman, R (2001) Understanding poverty. New York Russell sage foundation\r\n[6]. Effiom, J.N and Archibong, E. (2014) European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No.2 , pp 24-31, May 2014. P.P. 24 \u2013 31 URL: http:\/\/www.ejbss.com\/recent.aspxISSN: 2235 -767X\r\n[7]. Fawa, M.S. (2003) Drug Abuse Eradication Programme In Schools: The Relevance of Team, approach alternative, in A. Garba (Ed) Youth and drug abuse in Nigeria: Strategies for counselling, management and control, Kano: Matasa Press.\r\n[8]. Fuller, E. (2013).Alcohol consumption. Health Survey for England 2012 Leeds, The Health and Social Care Information Centre.\r\n[9]. HALADU, A.A. (2003) Outreach strategies for curbing drug abuse among out-of-school youth\r\n[10]. Haralambos, M &amp; Holborn, M (2000) Sociology Themes and perspectives. London. Harper Collins Publishers Limited\r\n[11]. Henslin, J. M (2002) Essentials of Sociology, A down to earth approach. Boston, Allyn and Idaho Department of Health and Welfare (May 2010). Idaho Vital Statistics: 2008. Retrieved on December 10th, 2010 at: http:\/\/healthandwelfare.idaho.gov\/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=oTIR0O2TE-g% 3d&amp;tabid=914\r\n[12]. in Nigeria: A challenge for International Narcotic Control Board Report ( 2013) On Economic consequences of drug abuse:\r\n[13]. Jang, S.J. Agnew, R. (2015) Strain Theories and Crime. In: James D. Wright (editor-in-chief), International Encyclopedia of the Social &amp; Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Vol 23. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 495\u2013500. ISBN: 9780080970868\r\n[14]. Krugman, Paul. \u00d2 (2008) Poverty is Poison. \u00d3 the New York Times. 1 Nov 2008. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com.\r\n[15]. Lochner, Lance. (2008) Education and Crime International Encyclopedia of Education. 3rd Ed. 2008. http:\/\/economics.uwo.ca\/faculty\/lochner\/papers\/educationandcrime.pdf.\r\n[16]. Luwig, Jens, Greg Duncan and Paul Hirsch\u00deeld. (2001) Urban Poverty and Juvenile Crime: Evidence From a Randomized Housing-Mobility Experiment.\u00d3 The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2001: 655-679. management and control. Kano: Matosa Press.\r\n[17]. Nnachi, R.O. (2007). Advanced psychology of learning and scientific enquiries, Enugu: J.J. Classic Publishers Ltd.\r\n[18]. Okoye, N.N. (2001). \u201cThe adolescents and hard drugs: A psychological concern in R.U.N\u201d, Okonkwo &amp; R.O. Okoye (eds).Retrieved 24:2:2014 www.digitalcommon.uniedu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi.article1404\r\n[19]. Short, J. F. (2007) Poverty, ethnicity &amp; violent crime. Bundle, Co: Westview Press\r\n[20]. Taylor, B. (2006) Poverty &amp; Crime. Berkeley. University of California Press.\r\n[21]. The Nigerian adolescent in perspective. A Publication of the Nigerian Society for Education\r\n[22]. United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (2005), Crime and development in Africa (2005), UNODC: New York.\r\n[23]. United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (2018), drug use in Nigeria (2005), UNODC: NewYork.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Eze Victor, Idoko Innocent, Oguche Christopher Joseph, Diyoke Michael Chika, Samuel Gwani &#8220;The Paradox of Drug Abuse, Poverty and Criminal Behaviour among Youth in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.603-608 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/603-608.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/603-608.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-paradox-of-drug-abuse-poverty-and-criminal-behaviour-among-youth-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Paradox of Drug Abuse, Poverty and Criminal Behaviour among Youth in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b303650 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b303650\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b30373b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b30373b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3038c6\" data-id=\"b3038c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3039ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3039ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b303a99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b303a99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b303c01\" data-id=\"b303c01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b303d11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b303d11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b303db0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b303db0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b303f00\" data-id=\"b303f00\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b304018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b304018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3040b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3040b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b304235\" data-id=\"b304235\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b304350 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b304350\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Globalisation and Identity in Place and Space <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nicole Cullinan &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 609-611<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3043f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3043f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b304552\" data-id=\"b304552\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b304686 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b304686\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The idea of globalisation and it informing our identity is not new. Diogenes, a Greek philosopher from 412 B.C. declared he was a \u201ccitizen of the world\u201d in response to a question about his place of origin. Fast forward to the year 1993 and it was a very cool way to refer to oneself if residing in Europe. The borders had just been opened through the European Union and there was strong sentiment regarding global citizenship and its connection to our identity. Since then we have entered an era of massive technological change. There now exists a keen interest in our ability to understand what mechanisms determine identity and how they interconnect in a globalised world. This paper aims to investigate identity through a prism of place; our physical environment, and space; our virtual environment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 609-611\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nicole Cullinan <\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe University of Melbourne, Australia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities. London: Verso Books\r\n[2]. Appadurai, A. (1990). Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy. Public Culture, 2(2), 1-24.\r\n[3]. Durkheim, \u00c9., &amp; Bradbury, B. (1947). Selected readings of anomie.London: Routledge.\r\n[4]. Durkheim, \u00c9., &amp; Thompson, K. (2005). Readings from Emile Durkheim. London: Routledge.\r\n[5]. Internet and Technology. (2019). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/\r\n[6]. Latour, B. (2007). Reassembling the social. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[7]. Marsh, P., Bradley, S., Love, C., &amp; Alexander, P. (2007). Belonging. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.sirc.org\/about\/about.html\r\n[8]. Thompson, S. (2016). Worker Cooperatives in the Theory of the Firm: Marx and Veblen on Technological Determinism. Journal Of Economic Issues, 50(4), 913-939.\r\n[9]. Schengen Visa Information. (2019). Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.schengenvisainfo.com\r\n[10]. Symons, T. (2018). The Nation State goes Virtual: why citizenship need no longer be determined by geography. doi: https:\/\/tech.newstatesman.com\r\n[11]. Wellman, B., Quan-Haase, A., Boase, J., Chen, W., Hampton, K., D\u00edaz, I., &amp; Miyata, K. (2006). The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism. Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication, 8(3)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nicole Cullinan &#8220;Globalisation and Identity in Place and Space&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.609-611 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/609-611.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/609-611.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/globalisation-and-identity-in-place-and-space\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Globalisation and Identity in Place and Space<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30544c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b30544c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b30552c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b30552c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b30d0b3\" data-id=\"b30d0b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30d20b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b30d20b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b30d2d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b30d2d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b30d44b\" data-id=\"b30d44b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30d575 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b30d575\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b30d61b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b30d61b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b30d775\" data-id=\"b30d775\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30d898 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b30d898\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b30d940 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b30d940\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b30dac1\" data-id=\"b30dac1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30dbe2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b30dbe2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Archaeological Survey of Zango Iron Smelting Site in Sokoto State, North Western Nigeria. An IBR Research Sponsored by Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund). <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. M.O Fabunmi, Nura Bello, Jamilu Adamu, Bashar Maccido Aliyu &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 612-617<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b30dc98 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b30dc98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b30ddf7\" data-id=\"b30ddf7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30df3d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b30df3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">I. INTRODUCTION\r\nThe discovery and the use of iron implements were found to be of great significance to the history of mankind worldwide. As the tools produce from iron turned to be more effective and efficient for man\u2019s daily activities and safety. Its introduction has no doubt revolutionized man\u2019s way of life. As a result of that, the period that marked the beginning and utilization of iron technology came to be known by archaeologists and historians as the Iron Age. With this development man was able to have efficient utilization of his environment. The use of iron implements is the most significant innovation from technological point of view in the development of mankind. Iron was employed to produced war equipment as well as agricultural tools. In Nigeria, the earliest evidence of iron discovery came from the site of Taruga which was dated to about 4th century B.C (Fagg;1968:28). This is one of the important sites that are affiliated to the Nok Culture found in Jos Plateu, Nigeria. In the case of Sokoto area, the evidence of early iron activities came from the site near Yelwa in present day Yawuri Emirate. The site was dated to the middle of the first millennium A.D. (Priddy; 1970). Despite the fact that the site is not as old as Taruga, however, the features have been identified to be similar in those of other Nok culture sites (Priddy; 1970)<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 612-617\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. M.O Fabunmi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of History, School of Secondary Education, Arts and Social Sciences, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nura Bello <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of History, School of Secondary Education, Arts and Social Sciences, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jamilu Adamu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of History, School of Secondary Education, Arts and Social Sciences, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bashar Maccido Aliyu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of History, School of Secondary Education, Arts and Social Sciences, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. A.I. Okpoko and A.M. Ibeanu,(1999), \u201cEarly Metal Working in Nigeria\u201d, in A.I. Okpoko (ed), Africa\u2019s Indigenous Technology with Particular reference to Nigeria, Wisdom Publishers LTD, Ibadan.\r\n[2]. Bello, N., (2014), An Archaeological Reconnaissance of TungarMadugu Abandoned Settlement: An Area of Gwadabawa Local Government, Sokoto State, B.A. Dissertation, ABU, Zaria.\r\n[3]. Fagg, B., (1968), The Nok Culture Excavations at Taruga, West African Archaeological News Latter, Vol. 10\r\n[4]. Gill, M.A., (1974), \u2018Hydrological Characteristics of the Sokoto Rima Basin\u2019 Savannah, vol III, No.1.\r\n[5]. Jones, B., (1973) The Sedimentary Rocks of Sokoto Province,Bulletin of the Geographical Survey of Nigeria, no. 18.\r\n[6]. Nzemwunwa, N., (1986), \u2018Archaeological Manifestation of Early Man in the Niger Basin of Sokoto State, Nigeria, Paper Presented at Seminar on the Archaeology and Early History of Sokoto State.\r\n[7]. Priddy, A.J., (1970), RS.63\/32- An Iron Age Site Near Yelwa, Sokoto Province: Preliminary Report, W.A.J.A. Vol. 12.\r\n[8]. T.M Mukhtar, (2008), A History of Blacksmith Industry in Yabo District of Sokoto Emirate, MA Dissertation, UDU, Sokoto.\r\n[9]. Udo R.K, (1970), Geographical Regions of Nigeria, Heinemann Educational Books\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. M.O Fabunmi, Nura Bello, Jamilu Adamu, Bashar Maccido Aliyu &#8220;An Archaeological Survey of Zango Iron Smelting Site in Sokoto State, North Western Nigeria. An IBR Research Sponsored by Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund).&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.612-617 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/612-617.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/612-617.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-archaeological-survey-of-zango-iron-smelting-site-in-sokoto-state-north-western-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Archaeological Survey of Zango Iron Smelting Site in Sokoto State, North Western Nigeria. An IBR Research Sponsored by Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund).<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30ed77 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b30ed77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b30f4bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b30f4bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b30f65b\" data-id=\"b30f65b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30f777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b30f777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b30f822 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b30f822\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b30f996\" data-id=\"b30f996\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30fab1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b30fab1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Head Teachers\u2019 Leadership Dynamics and Teachers\u2019 Integration Performance: A Case of Public Integrated Primary Schools in Lamu County Kenya <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Barghash Abdalla Ahmed, Nzoka Stephen, Ong\u2019ang\u2019a H. Ouko &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 618-626<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b30fb53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b30fb53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b30fcd9\" data-id=\"b30fcd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30fe2c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b30fe2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Integration in education has lately taken center stage in public schools in Kenya. This study examined the type of leadership head teachers used and their teachers\u2019 performance in promoting integration in the schools. The study was carried out in integrated public primary schools with learners with VI in Lamu County Kenya. The aim of the study was to identify the leadership styles applied by head teachers and its effects on teachers\u2019 performance in integration of learners with visual impairment (VI) in the regular schools in Lamu county Kenya. The study was guided by Douglas McGregor\u2018s model- Theory X and Theory Y (1961). This study was conducted using exploratory study design. The target population for the study was 506 educators; 86 head teachers and 420 teachers. Purposive sampling was used to select the respondents. The sample size consisted of 18 head teachers and 42 teachers. Content analysis was used to test the validity of the research instruments while a reliability coefficient was used to test the instruments\u2019 reliability. Descriptive statistics involved the use of frequencies and percentages. Relationship between independent and dependent variables was accepted at 95% confidence level. The study results revealed that various leadership styles are being employed by head teachers in integrated public primary schools in Lamu County. The main leadership styles found are democratic and autocratic leadership. The study further reveals that the type of leadership has a significant influence on teachers \u2018performance. The influence was found to vary based on the type of leadership among head teachers. For example democratic leadership style showed a significant positive influence on teachers\u2019 performance. The study recommends that teacher education curricula needs to be enhanced to include effective ways of leadership style in order to improve teachers\u2019 performance in integrated school settings.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 618-626\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Barghash Abdalla Ahmed <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nzoka Stephen <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ong\u2019ang\u2019a H. Ouko <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adenounmu, H. (1996). The effective of Head teachers\u2019 instructional supervision skills on performance in primary schools: Lagos: Atlantic Associated Publishers\r\n[2]. Adesoji, F.A. &amp; Olatunbosun, S.M. (2008). Student, Teacher and School EnvironmentFactors As Determinants of Achievement in Senior Secondary School Chemistry in Oyo State, Nigeria. The Journal of International Social Research Volume 1\/2 pp 13-34\r\n[3]. Adeyemi T. O (2006). 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(2005). \u2017Organizational structure, leadership style and physical facilities of public and private schools in Puryab.\u2018 A doctoral dissertation university of Punjab, Lahore.\r\n[17]. Jacky Lumby and Nick Foskett (2005). 14-19 Education: Policy, Leadership and company Limited. London: Sage ISBN 141290147\r\n[18]. Kimeu, J. M. (2010). \u2017Impact of Head teachers\u2018 Institutional Supervisory on Performance of Public Schools in Kenya.\u2018 M.Ed; Unpublished Thesis, University of Nairobi.\r\n[19]. Joe,S(2014) Achievement-oriented Leadership. Retrieved from theguardian.pe.ca\/business\/014\/5\/16\/achievement-oriented-leadership-3728837.html\r\n[20]. Kimeu, J. M. (2010). \u2018Impact of Head teachers\u2019 Institutional Supervisory on Performance of Public Schools in Kenya.\u2019 M.Ed; Unpublished Thesis, University of Nairobi.\r\n[21]. Kitavi M.J. (2014). \u2017Influence of head teachers\u2018 leadership styles on pupils\u2018 performance at Kenya certificate of primary education in Matinyani Sub County, Kitui County Kenya.\u2018Unpublished M.ed Thesis, Kenyatta University\r\n[22]. Leithwood, K. (2004). How Leadership Influences Student Learning: Review of Research. Commissioned by The Wallace Foundation. University of Minnesota Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement and University of Toronto Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.\r\n[23]. Leithwood, K. and Jantzi, D. (2005). Effects of Transformational Governance on Engagement of Students in Learning. Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 38(2) pp. 112 \u2013 129\r\n[24]. Maicibi, N. A. &amp; Nkata, J. L. (2005). Introduction to human resource management, (1st Ed.), Masah Publications, Kampala.\r\n[25]. Mugenda, O. M. A. &amp; Mugenda, A.G. (1999). Research Methods: Quantitative Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: African Center for Technology StudiesPress. And (ACTS)\r\n[26]. Ngugi, F. (2006). \u2017A study of Head teachers\u2018 leadership styles and K.C.S.E exam in public primary schools in Nairobi\u2018 (Unpublished M.Ed project, University of Nairobi)\r\n[27]. Nsubuga Y.K. (2009).\u2018Analysis of leadership styles and school performance of primary schools in Uganda.\u2018 (Unpublished M.Ed thesis, Makerere University).\r\n[28]. Okumbe, J.A.(2001). Human Resource Management and Education Perspective. Nairobi; Education Development and Research Bureau.\r\n[29]. Olaniyan, H(2001) Management and Organizational behaviour. Harlow, Prentice Hall Ondo pp 38-56\r\n[30]. Oyetunyi.C.O.(2006). The relationship between leadership style and school climate. Botswana primary schools. University of South Africa perspective Analysis of the case of Hong Kong. International Review education. Vol 3 No. 2.56-58\r\n[31]. Patrick, B. (2005). Why children must not be Compared In Education Sight for Quality Information Magazine, Kenya\r\n[32]. Pont, B., D. Nusche and H. Moorman (2008), Improving School Leadership. Policy and Practice, Vol. 1 OECD, Paris.\r\n[33]. Semakula, P, (2000). Working towards Inclusive Education: Social Contexts, London, David Fulton Publishers\r\n[34]. Singleton, R (1993), Mastering Research in Education and the social Sciences. Ibadan: Bisi Books (Nig) Ltd, 1983 p. 51-52.\r\n[35]. Siskin, N (1994) \u2018Educational planning on 21st Century \u2015In Educational Planning and State Public Secondary Schools\u2016 Unpublished M.Ed Thesis University of Ado Ekiti Nigeria pp 110124\r\n[36]. Thomas, G (2012). Catching Up: Learning from the best school systems in EastAsia, Victoria, Australia, Grattan Institute.\r\n[37]. Tony,K(2016).Overview of Participatory Leadership Style. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.leade-ship central.com\/participative leadership.html#ixzz4lf2AbrDU\r\n[38]. Tayler,L(2015) Definition of Supportive Leadership Retrieved from http:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/definition-supportive-leadership-style-21835.html\r\n[39]. UNESCO, (2005). Guidelines for Inclusion: Ensuring Access to Education for All, Paris, UNESCO, 2005\r\n[40]. UNESCO, (2008). \u2017Inclusive Education: The Way of the Future\u2019, International Conference on Education, 48th session, Final Report, Geneva: UNESCO\r\n[41]. UNESCO, (2009). Report on Educational Performance and Administration of Schools: UN Press. New York, USA.\r\n[42]. Wiiliams, F, Rosenheltz, H and Stoltz Y.(2003). Managerial Effectiveness. New York:Mcgraw-Hill, p.3.\r\n[43]. Wirth, K.R. &amp; Perkins, D. (2013). Learning to learn.www.macalester.edu.doc\r\n[44]. Yusuf O. (2011). The principles of Leadership: in the light of Islamic heritage and American experience. Darussalam, king Fahad National Library cataloguing-in Publication check correctness\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Barghash Abdalla Ahmed, Nzoka Stephen, Ong\u2019ang\u2019a H. Ouko &#8220;Head Teachers\u2019 Leadership Dynamics and Teachers\u2019 Integration Performance: A Case of Public Integrated Primary Schools in Lamu County Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.618-626 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/618-626.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/618-626.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/head-teachers-leadership-dynamics-and-teachers-integration-performance-a-case-of-public-integrated-primary-schools-in-lamu-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Head Teachers\u2019 Leadership Dynamics and Teachers\u2019 Integration Performance: A Case of Public Integrated Primary Schools in Lamu County Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b323759 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b323759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b323856 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b323856\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3239f4\" data-id=\"b3239f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b323b24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b323b24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b323bfa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b323bfa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b323d62\" data-id=\"b323d62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b323e8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b323e8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b323f31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b323f31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b324093\" data-id=\"b324093\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b32419d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b32419d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b324250 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b324250\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3243fe\" data-id=\"b3243fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b324533 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b324533\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Assessment of the Impact of Limestone Mining on Agricultural Activities around Kalambaina Area, Wamakko Local Government, Sokoto State, Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Hayatu Dangaladima &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 627-631<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3245ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3245ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b324785\" data-id=\"b324785\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3248d1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b3248d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Mining has been linked to various environmental challenges such as land degradation, landslide, soil erosion and flooding. Land degradation is believed to be one of the major ways in which mining of minerals affects agricultural production in areas where such activities takes place. This paper is aimed at assessing such effects of mining on agriculture around Kalambaina area of Wamakko Local Government, Sokoto State, where limestone is been mined by the Cement Company of Northern Nigeria, Plc. A total number of 338 questionnaires were distributed to respondents randomly selected to represent different households in the study area. The result of the study reveals a reduction in crop yield among farmers in the study area, which could be attributed to the impact of land degradation due to the mining activities around the area. Though the Peason\u2019s correlation used in testing the hypothesis fails to reveal a significance relationship between the mining activities by the Company and the low crop yield experienced in the study area. The study recommended for more efforts particularly on land reclamation and adequate compensation by the Company to the affected farmers so as to cushion these effects.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 627-631\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hayatu Dangaladima <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abdullahi, A. M. (2007) Problems of Solid Waste Generation and Disposal in Urban Areas: Case Study of Sokoto Metropolis, an unpublished B. Sc. Project. Department of Geography, UsmanuDanfodio University, Sokoto\r\n[2]. Acheampong, E. (2004). Impact Assessment of Mining Activities by Ashanti Goldfields, Bibiani Limited on the Environment and Socio-Economic Development of Bibiani, Undergraduate Dissertation, Faculty of Social Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology\r\n[3]. Adekeye, J. I. D. (2001). The Impact of Artisanal and Illegal Mining on the Environment in Nigeria, from http:\/\/www.gisdevelopment.net\/application\/environment\/ffm\/idex.htm, re trieved March 3 rd 2013.\r\n[4]. Adekoya, J. A. (2003). Environmental Effect of Solid Minerals Mining. Journal of Physical Science, Kenya, Pp. 625\u2013640.\r\n[5]. Adetunji, A. R. W., Osiyanbola, I. I., Funtua, S. O. O., Olusunle, A. A.A., and Adewoye, O. O. (2005). Assessment of Beneficiation Routes of Tantalite Ores from key locations in Nigeria, Journal of Mineral Material Characterization and Engineering, 4: 67 \u2013 73.\r\n[6]. Ajakaiye, D. E. (1985). Environmental Problems Associated with Mineral Exploitation in Nigeria. A Paper Presented at the 21st Annual Conference of the Nigeria Mining and Geosciences Society held at Jos: Pp. 140\u2013148.\r\n[7]. Akabzaa, T. and A. Darimani, (2001). Impact of Mining Sector Investment in Ghana: A study of the Tarkwa Mining Region. A Draft Report, retrieved from www.saprin.org\/ghana\/re search\/ghamining.pdf on 2rd March, 2014.\r\n[8]. Fyles, F.W., Fyles, I.H., and Bell, M.A.M. (1985). Vegetation and Soil Development on Coal Mine Spoil at High Elevation in Canadian Rockies. Journal of Applied Ecology, 22: 239-248.\r\n[9]. Gregory, C. E. (1980). A Concise History of Mining. UK: Pergamon, Oxford.\r\n[10]. Lewis, S., Donkin, M. E. and Depledge, M. H. Hsp 70 expression in Enteromorphaintestinalism (Chlorophyta) exposed to environmental stressors. Aqua Toxicol. 51, 277-291, 2001.\r\n[11]. Lewis J, Gonzales M, Burnette C, Benally M, Seanez P, Shuey C et al. Environmental exposures to metals in native communities and implications for child development: Basis for the Navajo Birth Cohort Study. J Soc Work Disab Rehab. 2015:1\u201325.\r\n[12]. Oyebanji, J. (1983). Large industries in rural communities: Who benefits? Journal of Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Vol.15.\r\n[13]. U. S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1995; understanding the Earth. Retrieved from https:\/\/pubs.er.usgs.gov\/publication\/70043738 15th July, 2019.\r\n[14]. Vetiva Research, (2010). Scheme of Merger Document, DCP Analyst Presentation, Vetiva Capital Management Limited. Initiation of Coverage, Dangote Cement PLC: The Emergence of a Titan.\r\n[15]. Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia, 2019, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mining\r\n[16]. http:\/\/careerslip.com\/ccnn\/profile retrieved 21\/08\/2019.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hayatu Dangaladima &#8220;An Assessment of the Impact of Limestone Mining on Agricultural Activities around Kalambaina Area, Wamakko Local Government, Sokoto State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.627-631 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/627-631.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/627-631.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-assessment-of-the-impact-of-limestone-mining-on-agricultural-activities-around-kalambaina-area-wamakko-local-government-sokoto-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Assessment of the Impact of Limestone Mining on Agricultural Activities around Kalambaina Area, Wamakko Local Government, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3258b3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b3258b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b32fa20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b32fa20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b32fc38\" data-id=\"b32fc38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b32fd7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b32fd7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b32fe35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b32fe35\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b32ffcf\" data-id=\"b32ffcf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3300fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3300fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3301b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3301b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b33031c\" data-id=\"b33031c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b33042b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b33042b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3304cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3304cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b330642\" data-id=\"b330642\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b330757 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b330757\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Place-making Concept Towards Sustainable Edutourism in Urban Kampung of Surabaya <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gebyar Ayuningtyas, Inunk Marufa, Happy Ratna Santosa, Dewi Septanti, Rika Kisnarini &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 632-639<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3307f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3307f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b330974\" data-id=\"b330974\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b330a94 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b330a94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Kampung Nginden Jangkungan is one of the inner-city kampung that is currently developing their tourist attraction. The potentials of this Kampung are local community willingness and innovation for developing edutourism. Still, these should be supported by community empowerment and promotion strategy to create tourism kampung. The main point is related to people-place connection, means that settlement is not only a life boundary, but also a place where people interact each other, develop social value, and become meaningful in a certain way. This process is called place-making, an approach which is focused on people-centered development in creating a strong sense of place and social cohesion. This study aims to established strategies and design reccomendations based on community preferences and perspectives to enhance the potentials of Kampung Nginden Jangkunganasedu tourismdestinantion. This study conducted by inductive approach with qualitative method supported with walk through interview and observation to collect primary data. The result shows that community activities become the main potential in developing tourist attraction. Supported by image creation and neigborhood beautification, the design concept of this study can be a recommended idea and creative action to create a better physical image as well as enhance the social capital in Kampung Nginden Jangkungan.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 632-639\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gebyar Ayuningtyas<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPost Graduate Student, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Inunk Marufa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPost Graduate Student, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Happy Ratna Santosa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dewi Septanti<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rika Kisnarini<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">W. P. Tyas, \u2018Home-based Enterprises Approach for Post Disaster Housing\u202f: Learnt from Post Disaster Redevelopment Programme in Developing Countries\u2019, Procedia &#8211; Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 227, no. November 2015, pp. 139\u2013145, 2016.\r\n[2]. D. Erawati, H. R. Santosa, R. Kisnarini, and D. Septanti, \u2018Housing Improvement Based On Gender Role In Urban Kampung Of Surabaya\u2019, pp. 11\u201318, 2018.\r\n[3]. I. P. E. Budayasa, N. G. A. G. E. Martiningsih, and S. P. K. Surata, \u2018Potency of Tourism Education (EDU Tourism) in Lombok International Airport , Indonesia\u2019, Int. J. Sci. Res., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1213\u20131218, 2018.\r\n[4]. E. Malihah and H. P. D. Setiyorini, \u2018Tourism Education and Edu-Tourism Development: Sustainable Tourism Development Perspective in Education\u2019, in The 1st International Seminar on Tourism (ISOT) &#8211; \u201cEco-Resort and Destination Sustainability: Planning, Impact, and Development\u201d, 2014, pp. 1\u20137.\r\n[5]. UN-HABITAT, \u2018Sustainable Housing for Sustainable Cities\u2019, 2012.\r\n[6]. J. Jacobs, \u2018What If We Built Cities Around Places\u202f?\u2019, 1961. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.pps.org\/reference\/what_is_placemaking\/.\r\n[7]. M. K. Razali and H. N. Ismail, \u2018Tourism Place-making at Tourism Destinantion From Governance Concept\u2019, in International Graduate Conference on Engineering, Science and Humanities, 2014, pp. 1\u20136.\r\n[8]. M. Lombard, \u2018Constructing Ordinary Places\u202f: Place-making in Urban Informal Settlements in Mexico\u2019, Prog. Plann., vol. 94, pp. 1\u201353, 2014.\r\n[9]. D. Canter, The Psychology of Place. London: The Architectural Press Ltd., 1977.\r\n[10]. Y. F. Tuan, Space and Place. London: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1977.\r\n[11]. A. Lew, \u2018Tourism Planning and Place Making: Place-Making or Placemaking?\u2019, Arizona, USA, 2017.\r\n[12]. A. Smith, \u2018The Role of Educational Tourism in Raising Academic Standards\u2019, African J. Hosp. Tour. Leis., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1\u20137, 2013.\r\n[13]. M. A. H. Bhuiyan, R. Islam, C. Siwara, and S. M. Ismail, \u2018Educational Tourism and Forest Conservation: Diversification for Child Education\u2019, Procedia &#8211; Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 7, pp. 19\u201323, 2010.\r\n[14]. A. Sharma, \u2018Educational Tourism: Strategy for Sustainable Tourism Development with Reference of Hadauti dan Shekhawati Regions of Rajasthan, India\u2019, J. Bus. Econ. Inf. Technol., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1\u201317, 2015.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gebyar Ayuningtyas, Inunk Marufa, Happy Ratna Santosa, Dewi Septanti, Rika Kisnarini &#8220;Place-making Concept Towards Sustainable Edutourism in Urban Kampung of Surabaya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.632-639 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/632-639.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/632-639.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/place-making-concept-towards-sustainable-edutourism-in-urban-kampung-of-surabaya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Place-making Concept Towards Sustainable Edutourism in Urban Kampung of Surabaya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3318dd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b3318dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3319c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3319c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b331b4b\" data-id=\"b331b4b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b331c67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b331c67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b331d1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b331d1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b331e74\" data-id=\"b331e74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b331f82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b331f82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b33201f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b33201f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b33d932\" data-id=\"b33d932\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b33da9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b33da9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b33db70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b33db70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b33dd30\" data-id=\"b33dd30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b33de7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b33de7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Why strategies implemented to revive the manufacturing sector in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province during the period 2009 to 2017 failed to produce tangible results? <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Fainos Chinjova &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 640-644<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b33df38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b33df38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b33e0d8\" data-id=\"b33e0d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b33e2a8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b33e2a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the factors that were causing failure of the strategies implemented to revive the manufacturing industry in Bulawayo during the period 2009 to 2017. The manufacturing industry in Bulawayo plays a pivotal role towards the revival of the economy of Zimbabwe because of its proximity to the country\u2019s major trading partners, South Africa and Botswana as well as being the country\u2019s industrial hub. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology. Data was gathered using in-depth interviews with senior managers of 12 large manufacturing companies in Bulawayo. The study concluded that the main factors causing the strategies implemented to revive the manufacturing industry in Bulawayo fail to produce tangible results are the lack of funding of the manufacturing companies, use of obsolete machinery and equipment by manufacturing companies, lack of political will, uncertainty due to short term economic policies implemented in the sector, poor supply of essential utilities to manufacturing companies and poor transport infrastructure in Bulawayo. To ensure effective implementation of strategies to revive the manufacturing sector in Bulawayo, the study recommend that the government should avail funds to the manufacturing sector, remove duty on equipment and machinery used in the manufacturing sector, reducing corporate tax on manufacturing companies, assist local authorities in rehabilitation of roads in Bulawayo, Bulawayo City Council should try to ensure constant supply of water to the manufacturing sector, ZESA should exempt manufacturing companies from load shedding and there should be political support to revive the manufacturing sector in Bulawayo.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 640-644\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fainos Chinjova <\/strong><\/span>\r\nGraduate School of Business, National University of Science and Technology, P.O Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Block, (2013). Causes of the Decline in Manufacturing. Zimbabwe Independent; 19 April. [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.theindependent.co.zw\/2013\/04\/19\/causes-of-the-decline-in-manufacturing\/\r\n[2]. Bonga, W. G (2014). World De-Dollarization Economic Implication of De-Dollarization in Zimbabwe: Introduction of special coins.\r\n[3]. Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries (2017). Manufacturing Sector Survey Report. Availableat http:\/\/www.czi.co.zw\/images\/presentations\/2017.pdf.\r\n[4]. Creswell, J. W (2007): Research Design. Qualitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th Edition: Thousand Oaks: SAGE.\r\n[5]. Creswell, J. W (2009): Research Design. Qualitative and Mixed Methods Approaches.2nd Edition; Thousand Oaks: SAGE.\r\n[6]. Creswell, J. W (2013): Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among five. 3rd Edition. ThousandOaks: SAGE.\r\n[7]. Creswell, J. W (2014): Research Design. Qualitative and Mixed Methods Approaches.4th Edition; Thousand Oaks: SAGE.\r\n[8]. Damiyano, D; Mubaiwa, L; Mushanyuri, B. E; Chikomba, C. P (2012). An investigation of\r\n[9]. Dube, C. and Chipumho, E. (2016). Response of Manufacturing Sector to the ZimbabweEconomic Crisis: The Political Economy of Zimbabwe (1980-2008), Part II: Productive Sector Performance [Online].Availableathttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/314374247 _Response_of_the_Manufacturing_Sector_to_the_Zimbabwe_Economic_Crisis_The_Political_Economy_of_Zimbabwe_1980-2008.\r\n[10]. Gumbo, S. and Kaseke, N. (2012). Manufacturing Firms and Hyper Inflation-Survival Options:The Case of Zimbabwe Manufacturers (2005 \u2013 2008). Journal of Management and Marketing Research, vol. 7, pp 1-22.\r\n[11]. Jefferis, E; Kumah, F; Jefferis, B (2013). Reviving the Western Indian Ocean Economy. Actions for a sustainable future.\r\n[12]. Johnson, B and Christenson, L. B (2014): Educational Research. Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Approaches. 5th Edition. Thousand Oaks. SAGE.\r\n[13]. Karim, A (2009). Manufacturing Practices and Performances: A Malaysian Study\r\n[14]. Karombo, T. (2017). Firms in Zimbabwe Innovate to Survive in Business Report. [Online].Available at https:\/\/www.iol.co.za\/business-report\/companies\/firms-in-zimbabwe-innovate-to-survive-8753554.\r\n[15]. Mangudha, T. and Mambo, E. (2013). 700 firms close. Zimbabwe Independent, October 18.[Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.theindependent.co.zw\/2013\/10\/18\/700-harare-firms-close\/.\r\n[16]. Masanga , G. G. and Zinyuku, L. (2017). Strategic Choices in Turbulent Times: A Case of the Bread Manufacturers in Zimbabwe. Africa Development and Resources Research Institute Journal, Ghana: Vol. 26,No. 5(4), Pp. 47-61.\r\n[17]. Matutu, V. (2014). Zimbabwe Agenda For Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation(ZIMASSET 2013-2018) A Pipeline Dream Or Reality. A Reflective Analysis of the Prospects of the Economic Blue Print. Research Journal of Public Policy, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-10.\r\n[18]. Mbira, L. (2015).The De-industrialization of Bulawayo Manufacturing Sector in Zimbabwe:Is the Capital Vacuum to Blame? International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, vol. III, no. 3, pp 1-15.\r\n[19]. Mtetwa, E. (2012). De-industrialisation in Bulawayo started before 1980 in The Independent,\r\n[20]. National Budget Statement (2009): Government publication\r\n[21]. Noko, J (2009). Dollarization: The Case of Zimbabwe. Cato Journal, Vol. 31\r\n[22]. Noko, J. (2012). Dollarization: the case of Zimbabwe. Cato Journal, Vol. 31\r\n[23]. Sai, J. P and Zinyemba, A (2014). Impact of the Multi- Currency System on the manufacturing sector in Zimbabwe.\r\n[24]. Sibanda, V. and Makwata, R. (2017). Zimbabwe Post Independence Economic Policies: ACritical Review. Germany: Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Fainos Chinjova &#8220;Why strategies implemented to revive the manufacturing sector in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province during the period 2009 to 2017 failed to produce tangible results?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.640-644 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/640-644.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/640-644.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/why-strategies-implemented-to-revive-the-manufacturing-sector-in-bulawayo-metropolitan-province-during-the-period-2009-to-2017-failed-to-produce-tangible-results\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Why strategies implemented to revive the manufacturing sector in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province during the period 2009 to 2017 failed to produce tangible results?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b33f2e7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b33f2e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b33f3f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b33f3f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b33f585\" data-id=\"b33f585\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b33f6b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b33f6b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b33f76c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b33f76c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b33f8ce\" data-id=\"b33f8ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b33f9f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b33f9f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b33fa91 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b33fa91\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b33fbec\" data-id=\"b33fbec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b33fd05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b33fd05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b33fda5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b33fda5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b34d234\" data-id=\"b34d234\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34d42a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b34d42a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Existing Crime Prevention Practices on Student Safety in Public Boarding Secondary Schools in Trans-Nzoia County <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Jane Udali Alunga, Dr. Alice Limo &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 645-649<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b34d4f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b34d4f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b34d6a6\" data-id=\"b34d6a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34d7ec elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b34d7ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined security preparedness of the schools since there were recurrent safety problems in public boarding secondary schools even after release of the safety standards manual by the Kenyan Ministry of Education in the year 2008.The study sought to examine the effect of existing crime prevention practices on student safety in public boarding secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County. The study was modeled on Invitational theory developed by William Watson Purkey (1999). The study used descriptive survey research design. The study targeted principals, teachers, students and security officers in 39 secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County. Questionnaires, focused group discussion and interview schedule were used as data collection instruments. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistical that were frequencies and percentages. The hypothesis was tested using Pearson\u2019s product moment correlation coefficient. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study established that most schools had not complied with the ministry of education safety standards, crime prevention measures were not very effective because cases of crime still prevailed in the schools therefore the schools were not fully prepared for student safety. The study recommends that schools should comply with Ministry\u2019s safety standards to guarantee students safety, crime prevention practices like instituting crime prevention committee, training and putting structures in place for prevention of crime.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 645-649\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jane Udali Alunga <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Education, University of Eldoret, P.O Box 2500, Eldoret, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Alice Limo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Education, University of Eldoret, P.O Box 2500, Eldoret, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Allison, M. and Leah, B (2012). Active implementation frameworks for program success. How to use implementation science to improve outcomes for children. National Implementation Research Network at the Frank Porter Graham.\r\n[2]. Bulhan, H. (1985). Frantz Fanon and the Psychology of Oppression. New York: University Press of Boston.\r\n[3]. Kothari, C. R. (2008). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd Edn). . New Delhi: New Age International.\r\n[4]. Lawrence, R. (1998). School crime and juvenile justice. New york: Oxford University Press.\r\n[5]. Mackenzie, R.T. (2010). Safety and Health in Education and Schools. Retrieved on 12 February 2019 from www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/doc\r\n[6]. Matsoga, J. T. (2003). Crime and school violence in Botswana Secondary Education: The case of Moeding Senior Secondary School. PhD Dissertation. Pretoria: University of South Africa.\r\n[7]. Micheal, J.F (2013). Crisis Management and Emergency planning: Preparing for Today\u2019s Challenges. USA. CRC Press, an imprint of Taylor and Francis group.\r\n[8]. MOE. (2008). Safety Standards Manual for Schools in Kenya: Schools as safe Zones (1st Ed). Nairobi: Church World Service.\r\n[9]. Muthuiya, K. L. (2013). Emerging issues and challenges facing implementation of subsidizedsecondary education policy in Tigania East District, Meru County. PhD Thesis, Kenyatta University.\r\n[10]. O\u2019Brien, G. (2005). UK Emergency preparedness: A step in the right direction? Journal of international affairs, Vol. 14(3), pp. 343-351.\r\n[11]. Purkey, W. W. (1999). Creating Safe Schools through Invitational Education. Retrieved from https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED435946.pdf\r\n[12]. Ronoh, R. K. (2018). Adequacy of Safety Procedures and Infrastructure for School Safety in Kenya. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, Vol. 7(3), pp. 401-413.\r\n[13]. Ronoh, R. K., &amp; Kyalo, W. B. (2009). Safety awareness and preparedness in secondary schools in Kenya: A case of Turkana district. Educational Research and Review, Vol. 4(8), pp. 379-384.\r\n[14]. UNICEF (2006). The state of the World\u2019s Children: Excluded and Invisible. New York: UNICEF.\r\n[15]. Vienings, T., Commys, C., &amp; Geyer, Y. (2001). Safety now: Step by step guidelines on how to develop a safe school policy . Johannesburg: Centre for Study of Violence and Reconciliation.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jane Udali Alunga, Dr. Alice Limo &#8220;Existing Crime Prevention Practices on Student Safety in Public Boarding Secondary Schools in Trans-Nzoia County&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.645-649 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/645-649.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/645-649.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/existing-crime-prevention-practices-on-student-safety-in-public-boarding-secondary-schools-in-trans-nzoia-county\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Existing Crime Prevention Practices on Student Safety in Public Boarding Secondary Schools in Trans-Nzoia County<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34e631 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b34e631\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b34e737 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b34e737\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b34e8d1\" data-id=\"b34e8d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34e9f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b34e9f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b34ea9c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b34ea9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b34ebfb\" data-id=\"b34ebfb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34ed0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b34ed0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b34edb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b34edb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b34ef02\" data-id=\"b34ef02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34f01a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b34f01a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b34f0b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b34f0b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b34f222\" data-id=\"b34f222\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34f339 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b34f339\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Building Insurance Valuation (BIV) for Nigerian Universities and Their Environs <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Njungbwen, Ernest, Oke, Abimbola Adeoluwa &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 650-657<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b34f3d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b34f3d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b34f53d\" data-id=\"b34f53d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34f66a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b34f66a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research sought to determine the role of estate surveyors and valuers in Building Insurance Valuation (BIV) and insurance policy to the selected universities and their environs. The survey design was used to collect the experienced opinion of estate surveyors and staff of asset and insurance units of some Universities with the use of questionnaires. Data collected for the study was processed through the Statistical Packages for the Social Science(SPSS) and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean score, relative importance index, and Mann-Whitney U test in order to answer the research questions and the formulated hypotheses. The results revealed that It can be seen that all the variables except one scored above the 0.60 R.I.I score which means that the respondents accepted that the variables are the roles they perform as it relates to BIV policy. The only variable that was not accepted by the respondents as the role they perform is the plate glass insurance (0.44 score). On the benefits of BIV, the outcome revealed that Accurate record on the existence and value of building coverage (Ranked 1st), Independent professional value opinion of organization building (Ranked 2nd), Evidence of existence of building for insurance underwriters and adjusters (Ranked 3rd), and Addresses the fair premium to be paid on the building (Ranked 3rd) were the benefits of BIV to the estate surveyors and valuers\u2019 profession and the universities as perceived by the respondents.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 650-657\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Njungbwen, Ernest <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Uyo, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oke, Abimbola Adeoluwa <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Uyo, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Araba, K. O. (1993). Insurance Valuation: A case study of Fire Insurance Policy for Head Office of FMBN, Being a critical analysis\/thesis submitted to NIESV, Mamina, Lagos.\r\n[2]. Bailey, D. (1995). Fire Insurance on Properties: Need for Adequate Valuation. Paper presented at Luncheon of Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors at Golden Crown, Lagos on Thursday October 19, 1995\r\n[3]. BioyeTajudeenAluko, C.A. Ajayl&amp; Abdul\u2010RasheedAmidu (2004) The estate surveyors and valuers and the magic number: A point estimate or a range of value? International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 8:3, 149-162.\r\n[4]. Belo, M. A. (2003). Plant and Machinery Valuation Engineers or Valuers? The Great Debate,Amitage Books \u2013 GURUPR.London.\r\n[5]. Bolwidt, J. (1997). The basics of Insurance Property Valuations.http\/\/ www.isn-inc.com\r\n[6]. Boiye, T. A., C. A. Ajayi and Abdul Rasheed, A. (2004). The Estate Surveyors and Valuers and the Magic Number: A Point Estimate or arrange of Value? International Journal of Strategic property Management, 8(3): 149-162.\r\n[7]. Olawale, O. (2001). Valuation for Insurance Purpose \u2018\u2018The Perspective of an Insurer\u2019\u2019. Being. Text the Paper delivered at the In-house Seminar organised by JideTaiwo&amp; co. on 23rd June 2001. Retrieve from Onaolapo.org\/journal\/VIP.pdf.\r\n[8]. Ohaja, B. (2003). Mass Communication Research and Project Report Writing, John Letterman, Lagos.\r\n[9]. Olayanwa G.O. (2006). Property Valuation, published by DPC Debo Company, Iwo.\r\n[10]. Ogunba, O. (2013). Principles and Practice of Property Valuation in Nigeria.12-188.\r\n[11]. Salau, L.T. (2011). Basics of Property Valuation.Liberty Graphic Links, Bauchi, p3.\r\n[12]. Salau, L. T.Salawu M. B. (2014): Challenges and Prospects of Nigerian Public Buildings\u2019 Insurance Valuation By Estate Surveyors and Valuers- A Case Study of Nigerian Geological Survey Agency,Abuja.Journal of Environmental Design and Construction Management,\r\n[13]. Taiwo, J. (2008): Real Estate Insurance: The Estate Surveyors and Valuers Perspective being a paper presented at NIESV Abuja Branch MCPD Held at NICON Luxury Hotel, Abuja on 27th November.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Njungbwen, Ernest, Oke, Abimbola Adeoluwa &#8220;The Role of Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Building Insurance Valuation (BIV) for Nigerian Universities and Their Environs&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.650-657 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/650-657.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/650-657.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-estate-surveyors-and-valuers-in-building-insurance-valuation-biv-for-nigerian-universities-and-their-environs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Role of Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Building Insurance Valuation (BIV) for Nigerian Universities and Their Environs<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b359c49 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b359c49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b359d46 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b359d46\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b359ef2\" data-id=\"b359ef2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35a023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b35a023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35a0c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35a0c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b35a220\" data-id=\"b35a220\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35a33d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b35a33d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35a3de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35a3de\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b35a53d\" data-id=\"b35a53d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35a64f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b35a64f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35a6f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35a6f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b35a864\" data-id=\"b35a864\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35a989 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b35a989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Trends, Patterns and Processes of Information Management by the Nigerian Army in the United Nations Peace Support Operations in Liberia <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Danjibo Nathaniel D, Koleoso Mobolaji A, Henry Olusegun Hamilton &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 658-672<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35aa2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35aa2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b35abd3\" data-id=\"b35abd3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35ad3e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b35ad3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Nigeria has been involved in the United Nations Peace Support Operations (UNPSOs) since independence. Nigeria\u2019s Peacekeeping Operations with the direction of the trends, patterns and processes of information acquisition and the Nigerian Army\u2019s (NA) Information Management in the UNPSO in Liberia were studied. The study adopted the Cohen\u2019s Agenda Setting and employed a triangulation research design. Twenty-eight officers and 172 soldiers were purposively sampled from Nigerian Battalions (NIBATTs) 36 and 37 that served in Liberia while 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with heads of military units in Liberia. Two key informant interviews were conducted with one Commanding Officer and the Military Assistant to the Force Commander. Secondary data were collected from Nigerian Army Signal Messages, Part One and Part Two Orders and the United Nations documents. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was content analysed.The critical role of information management in decision making was reflected by 192 (96.0%) of respondents who affirmed that adequate information management was crucial to the success of Peace Support Operations (PSOs) in Liberia. Also, 182 (91.0%) of the respondents averred that Information Management processes in NA PSOs in Liberia included communication links, satellites, cables and procedures, formats and filters for information transport and retrieval. Furthermore, 184 (92.0%) of the respondents held that trends and patterns of information on the NA in PSOs in Liberia was well managed and protected by both officers and soldiers. Information acquisition processes, trends and patterns of information management by Nigerian Army in PSOs in Liberia were in form of open sources like visual observations by patrol and authorised flights, open communication with belligerent forces and local populations while the act of cryptography or sending coded messages was employed as patterns for information sharing. Though beset with information sharing and coordination challenges, strategic information management by the Nigerian Army contingent enhanced operational efficiency and contributed to the overall success of the United Nations Peace Support Operations in Liberia. However, to achieve a more efficient and reliable management of information resource in PSOs, synergy on information management trends, patterns and processes among the different military battalions in the PSO should be encouraged.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 658-672\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Danjibo Nathaniel D <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute for Peace and Strategic Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Koleoso Mobolaji A <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute for Peace and Strategic Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Henry Olusegun Hamilton <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute for Peace and Strategic Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Pre-Mission Planning and PSOs in the Nigerian Armed Forces: An Assessment, National Defence College, course 20.\r\n[62]. Walsham, G (2005) \u201cDevelopment, global futures and IS research: a polemic.\u201d In: Journal of Strategic Information Systems 14, pp. 5\u201315.\r\n[63]. Walsham, G and Sahay .(2006) \u201cDoing interpretive research.\u201d In: European Journal of Information Systems 15, pp. 320\u2013330.\r\n[64]. Wilshusen, G. C (2010) Information Management: Challenges in Federal Agencies&#8217; Use of Web 2.0 Technologies. United States Government Accountability Office.\r\n[65]. Winter, Robert (2008) \u201cDesign science research in Europe.\u201d In: European Journal of Information Systems 17, pp. 470\u2013475.\r\n[66]. World Bank (1999a) World Development Report 1998\/1999.15.10.2000\r\n[67]. Zwangobani E (1990) Information technology in Africa \u2013 an overview. In Bhatnagar, Bj\u00f8rn-Andersen (eds) Information Technology in Developing Countries. North-Holland: Elsevier Scinece Publishers B.W. 167-173.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Danjibo Nathaniel D, Koleoso Mobolaji A, Henry Olusegun Hamilton &#8220;Trends, Patterns and Processes of Information Management by the Nigerian Army in the United Nations Peace Support Operations in Liberia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.658-672 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/658-672.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/658-672.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/trends-patterns-and-processes-of-information-management-by-the-nigerian-army-in-the-united-nations-peace-support-operations-in-liberia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trends, Patterns and Processes of Information Management by the Nigerian Army in the United Nations Peace Support Operations in Liberia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35bc25 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b35bc25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35bd1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35bd1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b35bea7\" data-id=\"b35bea7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35d216 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b35d216\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35d356 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35d356\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b35d4e8\" data-id=\"b35d4e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35d613 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b35d613\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35d6bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35d6bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b35d81e\" data-id=\"b35d81e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35d92a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b35d92a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35d9d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35d9d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b35db43\" data-id=\"b35db43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35dcae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b35dcae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Improving and Enhancing Meal Participation by Learners in the School Feeding Programme in Selected Eswatini High Schools <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Hazel Nompumelelo Mkhonta, Dumisa Celumusa Mabuza &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 673-682<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35dd5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35dd5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b35dee6\" data-id=\"b35dee6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35e029 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b35e029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">School feeding (SF) has been made headway globally since the early 1940s having started in Latin American countries to improve health, educational performance and attendance of school age children. The purpose of this study was to identify possible strategies that may be applied to improve meal participation by learners in Eswatini high schools. It is a case study of four selected high schools in Shiselweni region, Hlathikhulu boundary. Low or non-participation has raised concern about SF effectiveness in addressing hunger issues among high school learners. The study adopted a descriptive survey design employing a mixed method using semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires. Population of the study was high school learners and SF facilitators from randomly selected high schools in Shiselweni region. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used to analyze the quantitative data employing descriptive statistics, while qualitative data employed a theoretical thematic analysis. Findings of the study established that SF is an appropriate safety net for high schools. Possible strategies for improvement for SF effectiveness included: 1) Provision of variety in menu, 2) Extra funding, 3) Involvement of learners in menu development, 4) Nutrition education for learners and 5) Local community involvement in SF. It was recommended that, for SF effectiveness to be attained, governments should secure extra funding and support projects that would generate funds, such as vegetable production and partnering with local farmers for supporting SF, making it cost effective.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 673-682\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hazel Nompumelelo Mkhonta<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Consumer Sciences Education and Community Development, Faculty of Consumer Sciences, University of Eswatini, P. O. Luyengo, Eswatini\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dumisa Celumusa Mabuza<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Consumer Sciences Education and Community Development, Faculty of Consumer Sciences, University of Eswatini, P. O. Luyengo, Eswatini\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp. 11-39). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.\r\n[2]. Braune, V. &amp; Clarke, V. (2006) \u2018Using thematic analysis in psychology\u2019, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.\r\n[3]. Burns, N., &amp; Groove, S. (2003). Understanding nursing research (ed.). St Louis: Wb Saunders Company.\r\n[4]. Chan, W. C., Tang, J. Y., Hui, C. L., Chiu, C. P., Lam, M. M., Wong, G. H., &#8230; &amp; Hung, S. F. (2011). Gender differences in patients presenting with first-episode psychosis in Hong Kong: a three-year follow up study. Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 45(3), 199-205.\r\n[5]. Cole, S. (2007). Tourism, culture and development: hopes, dreams and realities in East Indonesia. Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications.\r\n[6]. Creswell, J. W., Klassen, A. C., Plano Clark, V. L., &amp; Smith, K. C. (2011). Best practices for mixed methods research in the health sciences. Bethesda (Maryland): National Institutes of Health, 2013, 541-545.\r\n[7]. Dohle, S., Rall, S., &amp; Siegrist, M. (2014). I cooked it myself: preparing food increases liking and consumption. Food Quality and Preference, 33 (2), 14-16.\r\n[8]. Drake, L., Woolnough, A., Burbano, C., &amp; Bundy, D. (2016). Global School Feeding Sourcebook: Lessons from 14 Countries. London: Imperial College Press.\r\n[9]. Fila, S. A., &amp; Smith, C. (2006). Applying the theory of planned behavior to healthy eating behaviors in urban Native American youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 3(1), 11-20.\r\n[10]. Fishbein, M., Jaccard, J., Davidson, A. R., Ajzen, I., &amp; Loken, B. (1980). Predicting and understanding family planning behaviors. In Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Prentice Hall.\r\n[11]. Galliano, S., Gravier, G., &amp; Chaubard, L. (2009). The ESTER 2 evaluation campaign for the rich transcription of French radio broadcasts. In Tenth Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association.\r\n[12]. Harper, C., &amp; Wells, L. (2007). School meal provision in England and other Western countries: a review. Sheffield: School Food Trust.\r\n[13]. Kazianga, H., Walque, D. &amp; Alderman, H. (2009). Educational and health impacts of two school feeding schemes: Evidence from randomised trial in rural Burkina Faso. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No.4976.\r\n[14]. Kothari, R., Buddhi, D., &amp; Sawhney, R. L. (2008). Comparison of environmental and economic aspects of various hydrogen production methods. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(2), 553-563\r\n[15]. Maluleka, J. S. (2008). The Capacity of School Governing Bodies in Rural Schools in the Moretele District in the Nkangala Region (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa).\r\n[16]. Martens, L., Hermjakob, H., Jones, P., Adamski, M., Taylor, C., States, D., &amp; Apweiler, R. (2005). PRIDE: the proteomics identifications database. Proteomics, 5(13), 3537-3545.\r\n[17]. Moore, Q., Hulsey, L. &amp; Ponza, M. (2009). Factors associated with school meal participation and the relationship between different participation measures. Final report (Report No. 53). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.\r\n[18]. Morris, R. S., Wilesmith, J. W., Stern, M. W., Sanson, R. L., &amp; Stevenson, M. A. (2001, December). Predictive spatial modelling of alternative control strategies for the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Great Britain, 2001. In II International Symposium on Application of Modelling as an Innovative Technology in the Agri-Food Chain; MODEL-IT 566 (pp. 337-347).\r\n[19]. Mugenda, O. M. and Mugenda, A. G. (2009). Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.\r\n[20]. Namkung, Y., &amp; Jang, S. (2007). Does food quality really matter in restaurants? Its impact on customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Journal of Hospitality &amp; Tourism Research, 31(3), 387-409\r\n[21]. 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Braziila: Home-grown Food in Schools for a Green Economy. United Nations University.\r\n[26]. Roccaldo, R., Censi, L., D\u2019Addezio, L., Toti, E., Martone, D., D\u2019Addesa, D. &amp; D\u2019 Amicis, A. (2014). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Italian school children (The ZOOM8 Study). International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 65(5), 621-628.\r\n[27]. Shahrudin, S., Jaafar, I. H., Rahim, N. D. A., &amp; Akil, M. A. M. M. (2011). An Annotated Checklist of the Herpetofauna of Beris Valley, Kedah, Malaysia. Tropical life sciences research, 22(1), 13-15.\r\n[28]. Stone, G. W., Moses, J. W., Ellis, S. G., Schofer, J., Dawkins, K. D., Morice, M. C., &#8230; &amp; Cutlip, D. E. (2007). Safety and efficacy of sirolimus-and paclitaxel-eluting coronary stents. New England Journal of Medicine, 356(10), 998-1008.\r\n[29]. Suarez-Balcazar, Y., &amp; Taylor-Ritzler, T. (2014). Moving from science to practice in evaluation capacity building. American Journal of Evaluation, 35(1), 95-99.\r\n[30]. Weaver-Hightower, M. B. (2011). Why education researchers should take school food seriously. Educational researcher, 40(1), 15-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102%2F0013189X10397043\r\n[31]. World Bank. (2013). From Evidence to Policy: Do School Feeding Programs Help Children? Washington, D.C.: World Bank.\r\n[32]. WFP. (2016). Resource Framework on Home Grown School Meals Synopsis \u2013 November 2016.\r\n[33]. Young, R. J. (2005). Colonial desire: Hybridity in theory, culture and race. Routledge.\r\n[34]. Zampollo, F., Wansink, B., Kniffin, K. M., Shimizu, M., &amp; Omori, A. (2011). Looks good enough to eat: how food plating preferences differ across cultures and continents. Cross-Cultural Research, 46(1), 31-49.\r\n[35]. Zellner (2016). High School students\u2019 Participation and Satisfaction of the School Lunch Program. Mount Mary University. Johannesburg.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hazel Nompumelelo Mkhonta, Dumisa Celumusa Mabuza &#8220;Improving and Enhancing Meal Participation by Learners in the School Feeding Programme in Selected Eswatini High Schools&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.673-682 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/673-682.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/673-682.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/improving-and-enhancing-meal-participation-by-learners-in-the-school-feeding-programme-in-selected-eswatini-high-schools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Improving and Enhancing Meal Participation by Learners in the School Feeding Programme in Selected Eswatini High Schools<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35ee99 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b35ee99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35ef8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35ef8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b35f10e\" data-id=\"b35f10e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35f22d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b35f22d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b365d61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b365d61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b365f80\" data-id=\"b365f80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3660d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3660d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b36618a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b36618a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3662f6\" data-id=\"b3662f6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b36a931 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b36a931\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b36aa17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b36aa17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b36abcc\" data-id=\"b36abcc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b36acf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b36acf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Learning Environment and Peer Pressure as Correlates of Academic Aspirations among Senior Secondary School Students in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr Dorcas Oluremi FAREO &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 683-689<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b36ad9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b36ad9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b36af1c\" data-id=\"b36af1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b36b080 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b36b080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the learning environment and peer pressure as correlates of academic aspirations among senior secondary school students in Mubi North local Government Area, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised of secondary school students in Mubi North Local Government. A sample size of 400 students was chosen from four secondary schools by stratified sampling technique. A questionnaire titled \u201cLearning Environment and Peer Pressure Questionnaire\u201d (LEPPQ) was adapted from Shamaki (2015) and Jack and Gamnajoh (2017). The instrument was validated by an expert in Guidance and Counselling from the Department of Science Education. The reliability value was calculated using Kudder-Richardson formular (KR-21) which yielded a reliability co-efficient of 0.88. Data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Four research questions and two hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the environmental factors that influence learning Biology include classroom brightness, classroom painting, dilapidated classrooms, classrooms with no ventilation, sitting arrangement and lack of seats. The study also revealed that the effects of learning environment on academic performance includes loss of interests in Biology lessons, poor performance, obstruction of the view of the board, and distractions. The way peer pressure influences learning Biology include punctuality to class, through competition, studying together, disturbance in class and helping with academic difficulties. Effects of peer pressure on academic performance include improving or worsening academic performance. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between peer pressure and academic achievement; and that there is a significant difference between the academic achievement of male and female students. It was recommended that government should improve the condition of classrooms by providing electric fittings besides renovations of schools and students should endeavour to form or join groups that are study inclined so that learning would be effective and instructional materials.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 683-689\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Dorcas Oluremi FAREO <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adegboyega, A.A. (2002). Trends in Public Financing of Federal Inventors in Nigeriaa Case Study of University of Ibadan in Adedeji, S. O. (ed).African Journal of Educational Planning and Policy Studies, 3 (1): 95-108.\r\n[2]. Aguolu, C.C. &amp;Aguolu, I.E. (2002). Libraries and information management inNigeria. Maiduguri: ED-INFORM services. Pp212-218\r\n[3]. Ajao, A. (2001). Teachers effectiveness on students\u2019 academic performance. Journal of Education and Practice 5 (22).\r\n[4]. Akpobia, O. N. &amp;Nidah, L. W. (2009). Incidence and factors associated with dropout among Primary School Pupils in Ogoja Local Government Area of Cross River State. Unpublished M.Ed. Project University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[5]. Bankole E. T. &amp;Ogunsakin F. C. (2015). Influence of Peer Group on Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Ekiti State. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 4(1): 324-331.\r\n[6]. Crosnoe, R., Monica, K. &amp; Glen, H. (2004). School size and the interpersonal side of education: an examination of race\/ethnicity and organizational context. Social sciences Quarterly, 85(5), 1259-1274.\r\n[7]. Duruji, M.M., Azuh, D. &amp;Oviasogie, F. (2014). Learning environment and academic performance of secondary school students in external examinations: A study of selected schools in Ota. Paper presented during Proceedings of EDULEARN14 Conference 7th-9th July 2014, Barcelona, Spain.\r\n[8]. Eamon, M. K. (2005). Socio- demographic, school, neighbourhood, and parenting influence on academic achievement of Latino young adolescent. Journal of youth and adolescents, 34(20), 163-175.\r\n[9]. Foster, G., (2006). It&#8217;s not Your Peers, And It&#8217;s Not Your Friends: Some Progress Toward from Boston&#8217;s Metco Program, American Economic Review, 94.\r\n[10]. Ide, K., Parkerson, J., Haerted, G. O., &amp; Walberg, H. J. (2006). Peer group influence on educational outcomes. A Quantitative Synthesis of Educational Psychology, 73, 472-484.\r\n[11]. Jack, G. U. &amp;Gamnjoh, D. D. (2017). Relationship between peer group influence and students\u2019 academic achievement in Chemistry at secondary school level. American Journal of\r\n[12]. Lockwood, P., Jordan, C. H. &amp;Kunda, Z. (2002). Motivation by positive or negative role models: Regulatory focus determines who will best inspire us. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(4), 854-864.\r\n[13]. Muleyi, G. (2008). Effects of home factors and type of school on academic performance of Girls in Bungoma District (Unpublished M.Phil. Thesis). Moi University, Eldoret.\r\n[14]. Nicole, M. H. (2004). Peer influence in relation to academic performance and socialization among adolescent: A Literature Review.University of Wisconsin Stout.\r\n[15]. Odeh. R. C., Oguche, O., Angelina &amp;Ivagher, E. D. (2015). Influence of school environment on academic achievement of students in secondary schools in Zone \u201cA\u201d Senatorial District of Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 6 (7): 4914-4922\r\n[16]. Ryan, A. M. (2000). Peer groups as a context for the socialization of adolescents\u2019 motivation, engagement, and achievement in school. Educational Psychologist, 35, 101-112.\r\n[17]. Shamaki, T. A. (2015). Influence of learning environment on students&#8217; academic achievement in Mathematics: A case study of some selected secondary schools in Yobe State-Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 6 (34): 40-44\r\n[18]. Tsavga, J. (2011). The effect of environment on the academic performance of students in Tarka LGA of Benue State. Unpublished PGDE Thesis, Benue State University: Makurdi, Nigeria.\r\n[19]. Wilson, K. Lizzio, A., &amp; Simons, R. (2002).University students\u2019 perceptions of the learning environment and academic outcomes: Implications for theory and practice. Carfax Publishing \u2013 Taylor &amp; Francis Group: Studies in Higher Education, 27(1).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Dorcas Oluremi FAREO &#8220;Learning Environment and Peer Pressure as Correlates of Academic Aspirations among Senior Secondary School Students in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.683-689 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/683-689.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/683-689.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/learning-environment-and-peer-pressure-as-correlates-of-academic-aspirations-among-senior-secondary-school-students-in-mubi-north-local-government-area-adamawa-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Learning Environment and Peer Pressure as Correlates of Academic Aspirations among Senior Secondary School Students in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b36befd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b36befd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b36bfe3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b36bfe3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b36c17b\" data-id=\"b36c17b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b36c2a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b36c2a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b36c34d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b36c34d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b36c4b2\" data-id=\"b36c4b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b36c5da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b36c5da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b36c68d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b36c68d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b36c7e4\" data-id=\"b36c7e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b36c900 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b36c900\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b36c9a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b36c9a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b36cb18\" data-id=\"b36cb18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b36cc43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b36cc43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effects of Maladaptive Behaviour among in-School Adolescents Learning Biology in Gombi Educational Zone, Adamawa State <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr Dorcas Oluremi FAREO &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 690-696<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b36cce6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b36cce6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b36ce69\" data-id=\"b36ce69\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b36cfe0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b36cfe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the effects of maladaptive behaviour among in-school adolescents on learning Biology as perceived by secondary school teachers in Gombi Education Zone Adamawa state. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design method. The target population for this study consisted of all secondary school teachers in the zone. Purposive sampling technique was used to select three hundred respondents from two Local Government Areas. The questionnaire titled \u201cEffects of Maladaptive Behaviour Questionnaire\u201d was used to collect data. The validity of the instrument was carried out by an expert in Guidance and Counselling. The reliability of the instrument titled \u201cEffects of Maladaptive Behaviour Questionnaire \u201cwas carried out using test re-test method and Kudder-Richardson formulae was used to determine the internal consistency. Reliability estimate of the test showed a reliability index of 0.86. Frequency counts, simple percentages and t-test were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that maladaptive behaviour is caused by poor parental upbringing. Issues such as high failure of students in external examinations, disruption of teaching and learning, low cognitive ability, school dropout and student poor performance in class are the effects of maladaptive behaviour among in-school adolescents. The findings of the study also showed that there was no significant difference between male and female teachers\u2019 perception on the causes of maladaptive behaviour among in-school adolescents. The major strategy employed by teachers for curbing behavioural problem is the reinforcement technique. In conclusion, in-school adolescents\u2019 maladaptive behaviour is on the rise and has serious effects on students\u2019 learning and their general academic performance. To this end, teachers, counsellors, school heads in collaboration with the government should continue to provide right information to in-school adolescents about the negative effects of maladaptive behaviour.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 690-696\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Dorcas Oluremi FAREO <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ali, A. A., Dada, I. T., Isiaka, G. A., &amp; Salmon, S. A. (2014). Types, causes and management of indiscipline acts among secondary school students in Shomolu local government area of Lagos State. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, 8(2),254-287.\r\n[2]. Asonibare, J.B. (2016). Modifying maladaptive behaviour in schools. Guidance and counselling in education. Ilorin: University Press.\r\n[3]. Babatunde, A.N. (2016). Influence of reinforcement technique in reducing student\u2019s classroom undesirable behaviours as expressed by secondary school teachers in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State. Unpublished M.Eddissertationsubmitted to the department of counsellor education, university of Ilorin.\r\n[4]. Blank, C. &amp;Shavit, Y. (2016). The Association between Student Reports of Classmates\u2019 Disruptive Behavior and Student Achievement.AERA Open, 2:3, 1-17.\r\n[5]. Bolu-Steve, F.N &amp;Esere, M. O. (2017); Strategies for managing deviant behaviour among in-school adolescents as expressed by secondary school counsellors in Kwara State, Nigeria. Inkanyiso, Jnl Hum &amp;SocSci 9(1).\r\n[6]. Boyd, J.L. (2015). National institute on drug abuse, brains and behavior. Viewed 3 June 2015, from http:\/\/ www.livestrong.com\/discase_and_conditions.\r\n[7]. Belle, J.L. (2017). Factors that influence student behaviour in secondary schools. European journal of Educational and Development Psychology5, (5), 27-36.\r\n[8]. Chikwature, W.,Oyelede, V.&amp; Ganyani, I. (2016). Effect of deviant behaviour on academic performance in Mutare urban primary school in Mutare District Zimbabwe.\r\n[9]. Daramola, S.O. (2006). Research and statistical methods in education for students and researchers in tertiary institutions. Ilorin: Bamitex Printing and Publishing.\r\n[10]. Dunapo, S.O. (2002). Causative and sustaining factors to street hawking in Nigeria: implicationto child development. In Okonkwo R.U. and Okoye (Ed.). The learning environment of the Nigerinchild.Awka: Education Publisher.\r\n[11]. Esere, M.O. (2008). Effect of sex education programme on at-risk sexual behaviour of school-going adolescents in Ilorin, Nigeria. African health sciences, 8(2), 120 &#8211; 125. Viewed 19 December 2017, from http:\/\/www.bioline. org. br\/abstract?id=hs08026&amp;lang=en\r\n[12]. Garcia, Q. P., &amp; Santiago, A. B. (2017). Parenting styles as correlates to self-esteem of underprivileged adolescents: Basis for a proposed parenting skills program.Internationaljournal of advanced education and research, 2(5), 27-35.\r\n[13]. Gbadamosi, M.O. (2003). Pattern and causes of deviant behaviours among secondary school students as perceived by teachers in Ilorin metropolis. Unpublished M.Ed thesis in the Department of Counsellor Education University of Ilorin.\r\n[14]. Goode, E. 2007. Deviant behaviour. Upper saddle river, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.\r\n[15]. Gutuza, R. F., &amp;Mapolisa, T. (2015). An analysis of the causes of indiscipline amongst secondary school pupils in Nyanga District. Global Journal of Advanced Research, 2(7), 1164-1171.\r\n[16]. Idrisi, O. 2016. Causes of deviant behaviour among in-school adolescents in Lagos. Unpublished M.Ed Project submitted to the department of educational foundation, Lagos State University.\r\n[17]. Jeeroburkhan, F. (2016). Indiscipline in schools. Le Mauricien, 2 February: 5-6.\r\n[18]. Kumar, P. (2017). Morality and life skills: The need and importance of life skills education. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research, 2(4), 144-148.\r\n[19]. Kwaja, P. &amp;Mormah F. O. (2008); Managing adolescents\u2019 maladaptive behaviour in Nigerian Secondary Schools, International journal of research development. 3(2).\r\n[20]. Ministry of Education and Human Resource. (2014). Education reforms in actions: 20082014. Phoenix: IVTB House.\r\n[21]. Naganandini, R. (2017). Self-esteem among adolescents. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research, 2(4), 198-199.\r\n[22]. Nworgu, B. G. (2006). Educational research basic issues and methodology. University Trust Publishers, Nsukka, Enugu State.\r\n[23]. Omotosho, F. 2009. Relationship between boredom and deviant behaviour among adolescents in Ilorin metropolis. Unpublished B.Ed. thesis in the Department of Counsellor Education University of Ilorin.\r\n[24]. Sulieman, J.M. (2011). Causes and remedies of deviant behavior among adolescents as expressed by teachers in Kwara State. Unpublished M.Ed thesis in the Department of Counsellor Education University of Ilorin.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Dorcas Oluremi FAREO &#8220;Effects of Maladaptive Behaviour among in-School Adolescents Learning Biology in Gombi Educational Zone, Adamawa State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.690-696 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/690-696.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\nhttps:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effects-of-maladaptive-behaviour-among-in-school-adolescents-learning-biology-in-gombi-educational-zone-adamawa-state\/&#8221; target=&#8221;_blank&#8221; rel=&#8221;noopener noreferrer&#8221;&gt;Effects of Maladaptive Behaviour among in-School Adolescents Learning Biology in Gombi Educational Zone, Adamawa State\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3908eb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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data-id=\"b391141\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3913f3\" data-id=\"b3913f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b39162f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b39162f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b391787 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b391787\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3a0d6b\" data-id=\"b3a0d6b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3a1002 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3a1002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3a116b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3a116b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3a147a\" data-id=\"b3a147a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3a16e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3a16e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Soil Fertility on the Physiognomy of <i>Colophospermum mopane<\/i> in the South Luangwa Ecosystem, Zambia <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>George Kampamba, Leonard Mubila, Seter Siziya &#8211; August 2019 Page No.: 697-702<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3a1857 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3a1857\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3a1b7f\" data-id=\"b3a1b7f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3a1e0a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"b3a1e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1885\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1886\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study aimed to develop a new understanding of environmental mechanisms at work in <em>Colophospermum mopane<\/em> that lead to the development of distinct tree height gradient (variation in horizontal and vertical structure). Thus, we investigated soil fertility as a possible environmental factor influencing the physiognomy of <em>Colophospermum mopane<\/em>. The study site in the national park was selected to represent dwarf mopane \u22643 meters tall whereas the site in the game management area was selected to represent &gt;13 meters tall mopane. Field work involved collection of soil samples to investigate on estimation of organic matter, pH, phosphorous, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium in soils under tall and dwarf mopane woodlands. IBM SPSS statistical package version 20 was used for data analysis. T-tests were used to show levels of significance in differences between dwarf and tall mopane woodlands. Findings of this study revealed that soils under coppiced mopane are nutrient richer with calcium, magnesium and sodium content than soils under tall mopane. These minerals may be influencing food quality <em>Colophospermum mopane<\/em> feed. However, phosphorous content in mg\/kg is one and a fourth times more in tall mopane woodland of the game management area than in dwarf mopane woodland of the national park. Thus, it may be assumed that phosphorous deficiency in the national park is a possible environmental factor influencing the physiognomy of <em>Colophospermum mopane<\/em> since it can stunt plants. The management authority responsible for the national park should support further research and experiments to manipulate environmental stressors including addition of phosphorous fertilizer to understand the possible environmental factors influencing the physiognomy of <em>Colophospermum mopane<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 697-702\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 September 2019<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>George Kampamba<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCopperbelt University, P. O. Box 71191, Ndola Road, Ndola, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Leonard Mubila<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCopperbelt University, P. O. Box 71191, Ndola Road, Ndola, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Seter Siziya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Public Health Unit, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, P. O. Box 71191, Ndola Road, Ndola, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abel, N., &amp; Blaikie, P. (1986). Elephants, people, parks and development: the case of the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Environmental Management, 10(6), 735-751.\r\n[2]. Anderson, N. E., Mubanga, J., Fevre, E. M., Picozzi, K., Eisler, M. C., Thomas, R., &amp; Welburn, S. C. (2011). Characterisation of the wildlife reservoir community for human and animal trypanosomiasis in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 5(6), e1211.\r\n[3]. Astle, W. L. (1971). Management in the Luangwa Valley. Oryx, 11(2-3), 135-140.\r\n[4]. Astle, W. L., Webster, R. &amp; Lawrence, C. J. (1969). Land classification for management planning in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia. J. appl. Ecol. 6, 143-169.\r\n[5]. Banks, N. L., Bardwell, K. A., &amp; Musiwa, S. (1995). Karoo rift basins of the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80(1), 285-295.\r\n[6]. Barboza, P. S., Parker, K. L., &amp; Hume, I. D. (2009). Integrating nutrient supply and demand in variable environments. Integrative wildlife nutrition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin\/Heidelberg, Germany, 257-284.\r\n[7]. Belakbir A, Ruiz JM, Romero L (1998). Yield and fruit quality of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) in response to bioregulators. Hort. Sci. 33: 85- 87.\r\n[8]. Ben-Shahar, R., &amp; Macdonald, D. W. (2002). The role of soil factors and leaf protein in the utilization of mopane plants by elephants in northern Botswana. BMC ecology, 2(1), 3.\r\n[9]. Berry, P. S. M. (1978). Range movements of giraffe in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. African Journal of Ecology, 16(2), 77-83.\r\n[10]. Caughley, G., &amp; Goddard, J. (1975). Abundance and distribution of elephants in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. African Journal of Ecology, 13(1), 39-48.\r\n[11]. Dangerfield, J. M. (1990). Abundance, biomass and diversity of soil macrofauna in savanna woodland and associated managed habitats. Pedobiologia, 34(2), 141-150.\r\n[12]. Fraser, S.W., Van Rooyen, T.H., Vester, E. (1987). Soil\u2013plant relationships in the Central Kruger National Park. Koedoe 30, 19\u201334.\r\n[13]. Hang&#8217;ombe, M. B., Mwansa, J. C., Muwowo, S., Mulenga, P., Kapina, M., Musenga, E., &#8230; &amp; Sawa, H. (2012). Human\u2013animal anthrax outbreak in the Luangwa valley of Zambia in 2011. Tropical doctor, 42(3), 136-139.\r\n[14]. Hanks, J. (1972). Reproduction of elephant, Loxodonta africana, in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Reproduction, 30(1), 13-26.\r\n[15]. Hold\u00f8, R. M., Dudley, J. P. &amp; McDowell, L. R. (2002). Geophagy in the African elephant in relation to availability of dietary sodium. Journal of Mammalogy, 83(3):652\u2013664.\r\n[16]. Jachmann, H., &amp; Billiouw, M. (1997). Elephant poaching and law enforcement in the central Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 233-244.\r\n[17]. Koch, M.S. (1997) Rhizophora mangle L. seedling development into the sapling stage across resource and stress gradients in subtropical Florida. 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Ecol. 38, 352\u2013359.\r\n[32]. Smith, J. L., &amp; Doran, J. W. (1996). Measurement and use of pH and electrical conductivity for soil quality analysis. Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. Soil Science Society of America (SSSA). Special Publication, (49).\r\n[33]. Smith, P. P. (1997). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of the North Luangwa National Park, Zambia. Kirkia, 16(2), 205-245.\r\n[34]. Smith, P. P. (1998). A reconnaissance survey of the vegetation of the North Luangwa National Park, Zambia. Bothalia, 28(2), 197-211.\r\n[35]. Soetan, K. O., Olaiya, C. O., &amp; Oyewole, O. E. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants-A review. African journal of food science, 4(5), 200-222.\r\n[36]. Styles, C.V. &amp; Skinner, J.D. (1997) Seasonal variations in the quality of mopane leaves as a source of browse for mammalian herbivores. Afr. J. Ecol. 35, 254\u2013265.\r\n[37]. Turnbull, P. C., Bell, R. H., Saigawa, K., Munyenyembe, F. E., Mulenga, C. K., &amp; Makala, L. H. (1991). Anthrax in wildlife in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. The Veterinary Record, 128(17), 399-403.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1884\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1884\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">George Kampamba, Leonard Mubila, Seter Siziya &#8220;Influence of Soil Fertility on the Physiognomy of <i>Colophospermum mopane<\/i> in the South Luangwa Ecosystem, Zambia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 8, pp.697-702 August 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-8\/697-702.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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