{"id":3313,"date":"2020-08-20T13:44:49","date_gmt":"2020-08-20T13:44:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/?page_id=3313"},"modified":"2020-09-22T01:28:24","modified_gmt":"2020-09-22T01:28:24","slug":"volume-iv-issue-viii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/digital-library\/volume-iv-issue-viii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume IV Issue VIII"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3313\" class=\"elementor elementor-3313 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c3f4cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c3f4cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c3f758\" data-id=\"5c3f758\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c3f8aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c3f8aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Comparison of Academic Performance of Learners in Day Secondary Schools and Those in Boarding Secondary School in Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. Solomon Kipyego Ngetich &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 01-07<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c3f97f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c3f97f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c3fb0c\" data-id=\"5c3fb0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c3fc58 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5c3fc58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9674\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9675\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9676\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9671\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Given the rising cost of education, there has been a growing consensus of establishing Day Secondary School to provide school places for the increasing number of learners joining secondary level of education. Day schools have been associated to low performance at the national examinations. This study compares academic performance of learners in Day Secondary Schools and those in Boarding Secondary Schools in Nandi County, Kenya. This study was guided by Cost Function derived from the Education Production Function theory. This study employed a cross-sectional survey as a research strategy. This study targeted all the principals in 186 public secondary schools in the Nandi County. It employed stratified random sampling so as to achieve representation from the school types. The sample size was determined by use of the published table by Krejcie and Morgan. Questionnaire and document analysis were the main instrument of data collection. A pilot study was used in determining the reliability while validity of the research tool was achieved through a carefully and critically examination of the instruments by experienced team of supervisors. Data was analyzed using frequency, means, range, percentages and t-test. It was found out that, academic performance for the period (2012-2015), recorded an average mean of 7.1184 and 4.7391 for Boarding and Day secondary schools respectively. This study found out that, there was a significant difference in academic performance between Boarding and Day secondary schools (t(121) = 9.990, p = 0.000); The findings of this study will generate ideas for better and more resourceful cost management in secondary schools, which is useful for policy makers and managers in education sector. The study makes recommendation that, there is need to improve effectiveness and efficiency of school management, effectively utilize monetary resource, appropriately allocate resources and practice prudence in financial management.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-07\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9672\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Solomon Kipyego Ngetich<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Educational Management and Policy Studies, School of Education, Moi University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9673\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Effectiveness of cost saving measures in improving KCSE performance in public secondary schools: case of Marakwet West District, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation).<br \/>\r\n[14]. Kosgei, Z. K., &amp; Rono, P. K. (2004). Determining the optional size and cost efficiency of Nandi District secondary schools. Journal of Education and Human Resources, 2(2), 33-49.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Kothari, C. R., &amp; Garg, C. (2014). Research methodology, Methods and Techniques (3rd ed). New Age International (P) Limited, Publisher.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Krejcie, R. V., &amp; Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Mbugua, Z. K., Kibet, K., Muthaa, G. M., &amp; Nkonke, G. R. (2012). Factors contributing to students\u2019 poor performance in mathematics at Kenya certificate of secondary education in Kenya: A case of Baringo county, Kenya. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(6), 87-91.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. (2003). Draft on Education Sector Strategic Plan, 2003-2007, Nairobi, Government Printers.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Munda, S, W., &amp; Odebero, S. (2014). The influence of education cost on students\u2019 academic performance in Kenya: An empirical study of Bungoma County secondary schools. Asian Journarnal of Educational Research, 2 (1), 1-11.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Ngetich, S. K., Wambua, B. K. &amp; Kosgei, Z. K. (2014). Determination of unit cost among secondary school in Kenya; A case of Nandi North District, Kenya. European Scientific Journal (ESJ) 10(16), 211-224.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Nworgu, B. G. (1991). Educational research: Basic issues and methodology. Nigeria: Wisdom Publishers Limited.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Nyamongo, D. N., Sang, A., Nyaoga, R. B., &amp; Matoke, Y. K. (2014) Relationship Between School Based Factors and Students\u2019 Performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination in Masaba North District, Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Ohba, A. (2009). Does Free Secondary Education Enable the Poor to Gain Access?: A Study from Rural Kenya. Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Owoeye, J. S., &amp; Yara, P. O. (2011). School facilities and academic achievement of secondary school agricultural science in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Asian social science, 7(7), 64.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Psacharapoulus, G. &amp; Woodhall, M. (1985). Education for development. An analysis of investment choices. Washington DC: World Bank.<br \/>\r\n[26]. Republic of Kenya.(2007). The Kenya vision 2030. Nairobi: Government Printer.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Robert, J. Wilson. (2005). Dilemmas in classroom assessment, Winnipeg, Canada: portage &amp; main press.<br \/>\r\n[28]. Sabitu, A. O., Babatunde, E. G., &amp; Oluwole, A. F. (2012). School types, facilities and academic performance of students in senior secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. International Education Studies, 5(3), 44-48. www.ccsenet.org\/ies doi:10.5539\/ies.v5n3p44 URL: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5539\/ies.v5n3p44.<br \/>\r\n[29]. Sigilai, R. M. (2013). A Review of Curriculum Related Factors Influencing Academic Achievements Among Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya. International Journal of Advanced Research, 1(3) 219-230.<br \/>\r\n[30]. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016). Qualitative research. Sage.<br \/>\r\n[31]. World Bank. (2008). Kenya-Data and Statistics. Retrieved from. http:\/\/web.world bank. org\/pk:356509,00.html<br \/>\r\n[32]. Yara, P. O., &amp; Catherine, W. W. (2011). Performance determinants of Kenya certificate of secondary education (KCSE) in mathematics of secondary schools in Nyamaiya division, Kenya. Asian Social Science, 7(2), 107.<br \/>\r\n[33]. Yeya, M. S. (2002). An investigation of the probable causes of poor performance in KCSE in Matunga District. Kwale district, MED project, Kenyatta University.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9674\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9674\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Solomon Kipyego Ngetich &#8220;A Comparison of Academic Performance of Learners in Day Secondary Schools and Those in Boarding Secondary School in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.01-07 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/01-07.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9675\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9675\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/01-07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9676\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9676\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-comparison-of-academic-performance-of-learners-in-day-secondary-schools-and-those-in-boarding-secondary-school-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Comparison of Academic Performance of Learners in Day Secondary Schools and Those in Boarding Secondary School in Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c43eab elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5c43eab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c43fb4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c43fb4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c44145\" data-id=\"5c44145\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c4427c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c4427c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c4430c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c4430c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c4446e\" data-id=\"5c4446e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c44585 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c44585\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c44626 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c44626\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c44796\" data-id=\"5c44796\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c448a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c448a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Punishments Imposed on Non-Muslims in Islamic History are an Obstacle to Contemporary Social Harmony &#8211; A Review <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ahamed Sarjoon Razick, Muhammadhu Ibrahim Nasrin &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 08-13<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c44948 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c44948\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c44aaf\" data-id=\"5c44aaf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c44bda elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5c44bda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9674\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9675\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9676\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9671\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Misconceptions about Islam are prevalent in many parts of the world today, including among non-Muslims. There is a widespread perception that not only Islam but also Muslims are seen as a threat to other people who do not openly view Islamic legal plans and try to seek their authenticity. Many who view it superficially accuse some of the punishments meted out to non-Muslims by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in Islamic history as unjust and very cruel. Some Muslims living in Sri Lanka are also subject to that view. It is in this context that the present study pursued to dispel misconceptions about Islam by illustrating the justification given by the Prophet to the Banu Qurayza-Jewish tribe. This review was based on a descriptive methodology from previously published books and journal articles on the subject. This review clearly described the ways in which the Jewish tribes living in Medina, such as Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nazir, and Banu Qurayza, deviated from the treaty made in Medina by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and how the punishments were meted out to them by the Prophet. Further, the relevant punitive method was analyzed and the rationale contained therein was revealed. It was discussed that the punishments meted out by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) were in no way an impediment to the reconciliation of Sri Lanka among the communities living there. It is hoped that this review will help to bring about a just and harmonious life for all the people of Sri Lanka by presenting the rationale of the penalties.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 08-13\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9672\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ahamed Sarjoon Razick<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Oluvil<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammadhu Ibrahim Nasrin <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Oluvil<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9673\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] AbuSulaiman, A. A. (1987). The Islamic Theory of International Relations: New Directions for Islamic Methodology and Thought. Herndon: IIIT.<br \/>\r\n[2] Safiur Rahman (1976). Raheek Al Maktoum. London: Darussalam International Publication Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[3] Mansour, M.H.M. (1996). Religious Tolerance. Islamic Thought 12 (2). (January-March).<br \/>\r\n[4] Mustafa Sibai. (1994). Islamiya Kannottathil Porum Samathaanamum Islaththil Uththa olungamaippum (War and Peace in the Islamic Perspective, and War in Islam). Islamic Thought 16 (02). (January-March).<br \/>\r\n[5] Nawaz Sanurdeen, M. (2013). Islamiya Fiqhuvin Panmukap Parimanam-Thaqlid Samuka pirayokam (The Plural Dimension of the Islamic Fiqh &#8211; The Social Application of Taqleed). Islamic Thought 35 (04).<br \/>\r\n[6] Falil, S.H.M. (2007). Ilankai Muslimkalin Sakavalvu (Coexistence of Sri Lankan Muslims). Islamic Thought 29 (01) (January-March).<br \/>\r\n[7] Falil, S.H.M. (2007). ). Ilankai Muslimkalin Sakavalvu (Coexistence of Sri Lankan Muslims). Islamic Thought 29 (02) (April-June).<br \/>\r\n[8] Falil, S.H.M. (2008). Sarvathesa Uravukal Patriya Islamiya Kotpadu (Islamic Theory of International Relations. Islamic Thought 30 (02) (April-June).<br \/>\r\n[9] Falil, S.H.M. (2008). Sarvathesa Uravukal Patriya Islamiya Kotpadu (Islamic Theory of International Relations. (Islamic Thought). 30 (03) (July-September).<br \/>\r\n[10] Falil, S.H.M. (2008). Sarvathesa Uravukal Patriya Islamiya Kotpadu-3 Uthththatkana Niyayangal (Islamic Theory of International Relations Justifications-Justifications on War). Islamic Thought. 30 (04) (October-December).<br \/>\r\n[11] Ikram, M.N. (2019). Perumpanmai Samukaththudan Valthal, Muslimallathavarudanan Uravadal (Living with the majority community and relationship with a non-Muslim. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.vidivelli,lk(Deceber 28 2019).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9674\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9674\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ahamed Sarjoon Razick, Muhammadhu Ibrahim Nasrin &#8220;The Punishments Imposed on Non-Muslims in Islamic History are an Obstacle to Contemporary Social Harmony &#8211; A Review &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.08-13 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/08-13.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9675\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9675\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/08-13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9676\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9676\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-punishments-imposed-on-non-muslims-in-islamic-history-are-an-obstacle-to-contemporary-social-harmony-a-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Punishments Imposed on Non-Muslims in Islamic History are an Obstacle to Contemporary Social Harmony &#8211; A Review <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c49708 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5c49708\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c498a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c498a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c49a61\" data-id=\"5c49a61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c49b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c49b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c49c32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c49c32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c49d93\" data-id=\"5c49d93\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c49ea8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c49ea8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c49f31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c49f31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c4a085\" data-id=\"5c4a085\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c4cd62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c4cd62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c4cfb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c4cfb8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c4d175\" data-id=\"5c4d175\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c4d2c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c4d2c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c4d355 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c4d355\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c4d4b0\" data-id=\"5c4d4b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c4d5c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c4d5c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c4d652 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c4d652\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c4d7a3\" data-id=\"5c4d7a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c4d8b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c4d8b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c4d952 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c4d952\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c4dad7\" data-id=\"5c4dad7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c4dc00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c4dc00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation of the Use of Library Resources and Services in the Nigerian Navy Secondary Schools in Western Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ogbonnaya, Esther Abosede PhD &#8211; August 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 14-29<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c4dca7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c4dca7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c4de37\" data-id=\"5c4de37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c4df63 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5c4df63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9674\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9675\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9676\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9671\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purpose: The Nigeria educational system is toeing the line of the international trends, where the emphasis has now shifted from traditional pupil-teacher interaction to the scientific approach of teaching (self-discovery) that is child-centered. Thus, changes in roles and objectives are expected of the school library system. This study examined the evaluation of the use of library resources and services in the Nigerian Navy Secondary Schools in Western Nigeria. The purposes of this research were to: ascertain how relevant and adequate the library resources and services to the academic performance of students are, identify factors influencing the use of library resources and services in the selected schools and proffer solutions to them.<br \/>\r\nMethodology: Four research questions guided the study. The descriptive survey research design and inferential statistical method of analyses were adopted for the study. The sample population of the study was drawn from Nigerian Navy Secondary School (NNSS) Ojo \u2013 Lagos and NNSS Abeokuta made up of students and teachers. A total of 1910 respondents consist of 1733 students and 177 teachers. The instruments for data collection were the questionnaire semi-structured interviews, an examination of library acquisition records, and personal observation. The data were analyzed were using frequency, percentage, bar, and pie charts.<br \/>\r\nFindings: The results revealed that the library resources and services available are inadequate and the degree of usage is poor in both schools. Six major challenges were identified by respondents in the two schools as factors influencing the use of Library resources and services. These are the inadequate fund, lack of standard school library buildings, among others. The respondents proffered six major solutions to mitigate the challenges of the use of library resources and services in the study. These are the provision of sufficient funds for library management, staff training, and the construction of fully furnished standard library buildings.<br \/>\r\nImplications: From the findings, the school libraries in the study would not be able to achieve the basic goals of the school library which include promoting love for learning and supporting the school curricular if the proffered solutions are not implemented.<br \/>\r\nOriginality\/Value: This research has not been published in any journal before. Its originality lies in its ability to enable the school management to fully embrace the use of library resources and services to promote literacy development<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 14-29\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9672\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbonnaya, Esther Abosede PhD<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nNational Open University of Nigeria, Mushin Centre, Lagos, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9673\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Davies, R.A. (1994). The School Library Media Centre: A Force for Educational Excellence 2nd Edition. New York, Bowker. 1. https:\/\/www.projectclue. Retrieved 27 June, 2020<br \/>\r\n[2] Fafunwa, A.B.(1992). Forward to Minimum Standards for School Libraries in Nigeria. Lagos, Federal Ministry of Education, p.7.<br \/>\r\n[3] Fayose, P.O. (I983). Student Use of Secondary School Library Resources in Ibadan and Benin. Nigerian Journal of Library and Information Science, 2(2)Pp 40-51.<br \/>\r\n[4] Fayose, P.O. (1995). School Library Resource Centres for Educational Excellence. Ibadan, AENL Educational Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[5] Federal Republic of Nigeria, (1998). National Policy on Education of Nigeria revised edition, Lagos. National Educational Research Development Council Press, p. 432.<br \/>\r\n[6] Federal Republic of Nigeria, (2004) National Policy on Education.Yaba, Lagos NERDC Press.<br \/>\r\n[7] George Eberhart The Librarian\u2019s Book of Lists (Chicago: ALA, 2010), from https:\/\/libguides.ala.org\/library-definition. Retrieved 24 June, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[8] IFLA \/UNESCO (1999). School Library Manifesto, 1999. From https:\/\/www.ifla.org Retrieved 26 May, 2020<br \/>\r\n[9] lroha \u2013 Okpa, N. (1985). The Purpose and Functions of School Libraries. Nigeribiblios 10(2).<br \/>\r\n[10] Lawal and Udofia, (1994). Informaton Needs of Rural Secondary School Adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Peace. from https:\/\/scholar.google.com Retrieved 27 June, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[11] Madu and Adediran T.N. (2005). Information Technology: Uses of Resources in Library and Information Centre. 2nd ed. Ibadan: Evi-Coleman Publications. Pp 161-172.<br \/>\r\n[12] Morse, P.M. (1972). Measures of Library Effectiveness. The Library Quarterly, Chicago, University of Chicago, 42(1).<br \/>\r\n[13] Ogbonnaya, E.A. (1998). Evaluation of the Use of Library Resources and Services Provided at Nigerian Navy Secondary Schools Lagos Area. Unpublished Master\u2019s Degree Thesis, submitted to the Department of Library, Archival and Information Studies, Faculty of Education University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[14] Onwubiko, E. C. N. and Uzoigwe, C. U. (2004). Library: The Home of Knowledge. Enugu: HRV Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[15] Owate, C.N. ;lroha \u2013 Okpa. (2013). The Availability and Utilization of School Library Resources in Some Selected Secondary Schools (High Schools) in River State. Educational Research and Reviews, v8n16p1449-1460 Aug 2013. From https:\/\/eric.ed.gov Retrieved 25 May, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[16] Phillips, G. (2011). Who\u2019s is in your School Library? Teacher Journal Archive, (2008-2011). Vol. 2011, No 218. From research.acer.edu.au<br \/>\r\n[17] Rogers, A. and Smith, M.K. (2006). Evaluation: Learning What Matters, London: Rank Foundation\/YMCA George Williams college.www.ymca.org.uk\/rank\/conference \/evaluation_learning_what_matters.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[18] Shadish, Cork and Leviton (1991), Evaluation for Education, Learning and Change-Theory and Practice. From https:\/\/infed.org Retrieved 27 June, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[19] Shrestha, Nina (2008). A Study on Student\u2019s Use Of Library Resources and Self-Efficacy.<br \/>\r\n[20] A thesis submitted to the Central Department of Library and Information Science in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Master\u2019s Degree in Library and Information Science Central Department of Library and Information Science Faculties of Humanities and Social Sciences Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Katmandu, Nepal December 2008.<br \/>\r\n[21] UNESCO, (1994). Public Library Manifesto, UNESCO, Paris.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9674\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9674\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ogbonnaya, Esther Abosede PhD &#8220;Evaluation of the Use of Library Resources and Services in the Nigerian Navy Secondary Schools in Western Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.14-29 August 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/14-29.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9675\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9675\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/14-29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9676\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9676\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-the-use-of-library-resources-and-services-in-the-nigerian-navy-secondary-schools-in-western-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Evaluation of the Use of Library Resources and Services in the Nigerian Navy Secondary Schools in Western Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c53761 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5c53761\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c5384a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c5384a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c539da\" data-id=\"5c539da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c53b1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c53b1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c53baf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c53baf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c53cfc\" data-id=\"5c53cfc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c53e1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c53e1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c53ea2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c53ea2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c54003\" data-id=\"5c54003\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5413b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c5413b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c541d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c541d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c5434d\" data-id=\"5c5434d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c54465 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c54465\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c544e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c544e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c54631\" data-id=\"5c54631\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5473d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c5473d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c547bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c547bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c5490f\" data-id=\"5c5490f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c54a27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c54a27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c54ac3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c54ac3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c54c5c\" data-id=\"5c54c5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c54d82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c54d82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effect of Learning Strategy and Self Confidence towards Tahfidz Qur&#8217;an Learning Outcomes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Zulfitria, Zainal Arif &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 30-35<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c54e27 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c54e27\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c54f94\" data-id=\"5c54f94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c550c8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5c550c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9681\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9682\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9683\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9684\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9685\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9686\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9681\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9681\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The aim of this research was to determine the learning outcomes of learning strategies and confidence in memorizing of Holy Qur&#8217;an. This research was conducted at Islamic Integrated Junior High School YAPIDH in Bekasi. Sampling method of this research was random sampling which was based on students&#8217; self-confidence, so that the sample for each study group consisted of 12 students for the experimental group and 12 students for the conventional. Experimental research carried out by using design treatment by level 2&#215;2. The results of research showed (1) there were differences between learners provided by peer tutors with learners provided by conventional learning, (2) there was interaction between learning strategies and confidence towards learning outcomes memorizing of the holy Qur&#8217;an, (3) there was the difference between the students who have high confidence that using peer tutoring strategy compared with conventional learning, (4) there was a difference between students who have low confidence that using peer tutoring learning strategies compared with conventional strategies.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 30-35\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9682\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9682\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zulfitria <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEducation Technology, Faculty of Education, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zainal Arif <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nIslamic Educations, Faculty of Islamic Studies, University of Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9683\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9683\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Al Hafizhah Rif&#8217;ah, Ummi. Pedoman Tilawah Al-Qur&#8217;an Ilmu Tajwid. Jakarta: Syukur Press, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[2] Al-Uqshari, Yusuf.Percaya Diri Pasti. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2005.<br \/>\r\n[3] As-Sirjani, Raghib &amp; A. Khaliq, Abdurrahman.Cara Cerdas Hafal Al-Qur\u2019an, Solo: PT Aqwam Media Profetika, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[4] Djamarah, Syaiful Bahri. Zain, Aswan. Strategi Belajar dan Mengajar. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[5] Gunawan, Bakti &#8220;Penerapan Teori Belajar Vygotsky Dalam Interaksi belajar Mengajar&#8221; http:\/\/edukasi.kompasiana.com (diakses 31 Januari 2012).<br \/>\r\n[6] Hildayani Rini. Dkk. Psikologi Perkembangan. Jakarta, Universitas Terbuka, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[7] Husnan, Djaelan dkk.Islam Integral Membangun Kepribadian Islami.Jakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[8] Herianto, Dedi.&#8221;Efektivitas Strategi Pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Dalam Belajar Microsoft Exel di Kelas VIII SMP.dua Mei Banjaran&#8221; Jurnal Pendidikan PPS Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung 2010.<br \/>\r\n[9] Jamaris, Martinis.Orientasi Baru dalam Psikologi Pendidikan.Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[10] Parwata, I Nyoman &#8220;Pengaruh pembelajaran tutor sebaya terhadap kreativiatas terhadap prestasi belajar Matematika di SMA X payangan Bandung&#8221;, Jurnal pendidikan Vol. III Desember 2008 Bandung, PPS UPI, 2008.<br \/>\r\n[11] Philip Lafleur, Peer Tutoring: Studen Achievement, confidence and the Teacher&#8217;s Role, Departement of Mathematics University of Nebraska Linconld 2010.<br \/>\r\n[12] Rauf, Abdul Aziz Abdul. Kiat Sukses menjadi Hafidz Al-Qur\u2019an Dai&#8217;yah. Bandung: Syaamil Cipta Media, 2004.<br \/>\r\n[13] Rouf, Abdul Aziz Abdur. Tarbiyah Syakhsiyah Qur&#8217;aniyah. Jakarta: Markaz Qur&#8217;an, 2006.<br \/>\r\n[14] Rusman.Model-Model Pembelajaran Mengembangkan Profesionalisme Guru.Jakarta: PT Rajagrafindo Persada, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[15] Sa&#8217;dulloh, Sembilan Cara Cepat Menghafal Al-Qur&#8217;an. Depok: Gema Insani, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[16] Smaldino, Sharon E. dkk. Insrtuctional Technology &amp; Media For Learning. Jakarta: Kencana, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[17] Trianto.Model-Model Pembelajaran Inovatif Berorientasi Konstruktivistik, Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[18] Walker,Jennifer.http:\/\/www.cldinternational.org\/InfoSheets\/PeerTutoring.Asp(diakses 28 Juni 2013)<br \/>\r\n[19] Yukl, Gary. Kepemimpinan Dalam Organisasi. Jakarta, Indeks, 2009.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9684\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9684\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Zulfitria, Zainal Arif &#8220;The Effect of Learning Strategy and Self Confidence towards Tahfidz Qur&#8217;an Learning Outcomes&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.30-35 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/30-35.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9685\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9685\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/30-35.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9686\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9686\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-learning-strategy-and-self-confidence-towards-tahfidz-quran-learning-outcomes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Effect of Learning Strategy and Self Confidence towards Tahfidz Qur&#8217;an Learning Outcomes<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5e83c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5c5e83c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c5e93b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c5e93b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c5eae8\" data-id=\"5c5eae8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5ec2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c5ec2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c5ecbd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c5ecbd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c5ee1b\" data-id=\"5c5ee1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5ef3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c5ef3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c5efbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c5efbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f108\" data-id=\"5c5f108\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f219 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c5f219\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f298 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c5f298\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f3e5\" data-id=\"5c5f3e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f4ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c5f4ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f573 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c5f573\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f6be\" data-id=\"5c5f6be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f7cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c5f7cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f86a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c5f86a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c5f9d7\" data-id=\"5c5f9d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5fae9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c5fae9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Security Sector Reform and Its Implications for Conflict Areas in Indonesia<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Muhammad Ibnu Kamil, Dr. Anggi Aulina Harahap, Dipl. Soz, Dr. Benny Jozua Mamoto, SH, M.Si &#8211; August 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 36-40<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c5fb88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c5fb88\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c5fcf4\" data-id=\"5c5fcf4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5fe1c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5c5fe1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9681\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9682\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9683\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9684\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9685\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9686\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9681\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9681\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The shift in security operations from the military to the police indicates restrictions on the use of force by the military. Under the new Indonesian security law, the police are responsible for security while the military is responsible for defending the country. In this paper, further analysis will be carried out on the implications of this shift in responsibility for conflict areas in Indonesia. From the results of the study it was found that security sector reform in Indonesia provides a comprehensive framework for resolution of security issues, such as law enforcement, protection of civil rights with the need to carry out institutional and internal reforms within the TNI, the National Police, intelligence agencies, and civilian institutions that are responsible responsible for overseeing the security institutions. From these reforms in conflict areas it seems that many are still controlled by the TNI and there is a shift in the image between the Police and the TNI in the public eye.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 36-40\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9682\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9682\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Ibnu Kamil<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Anggi Aulina Harahap, Dipl. Soz <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Benny Jozua Mamoto, SH, M.Si <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9683\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9683\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Siregar, S. N. (2016). Alternatif Model Pengelolaan Keamanan di Daerah Konflik. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 7(1), 16.<br \/>\r\n[2] Siregar, S. N. (2016). Pencapaian Reformasi Instrumental POLRI 1999-2011. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 10(2), 15.<br \/>\r\n[3] Sistem Nasional Pemantauan Kekerasan Indonesia. (2015). Indeks Intensitas Kekerasan. Diambil dari https:\/\/media.neliti.com\/media\/publications\/45142-ID-indeks-intensitas-kekerasan-2015.pdf (16 Januari 2020).<br \/>\r\n[4] Supriatma, A. M. T. (2013). TNI\/POLRI in West Papua: how security reforms work in the conflict region. Indonesia, (95), 93-124.<br \/>\r\n[5] von Tangen Page, M., &amp; Hamill, O. (2006). Security sector reform and its role in challenging of radicalism (No. 2006: 10). DIIS Working Paper.<br \/>\r\n[6] Wanandi, J. (2003). Theory and Practices of Security Sector Reform: The Case of Indonesia. In Geneva, UNOG and DCAP Seminar.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9684\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9684\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Muhammad Ibnu Kamil, Dr. Anggi Aulina Harahap, Dipl. Soz, Dr. Benny Jozua Mamoto, SH, M.Si &#8220;Security Sector Reform and Its Implications for Conflict Areas in Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.36-40 August 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/36-40.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9685\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9685\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/36-40.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9686\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9686\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/security-sector-reform-and-its-implications-for-conflict-areas-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Security Sector Reform and Its Implications for Conflict Areas in Indonesia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c66b9f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5c66b9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c66c88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c66c88\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c66e13\" data-id=\"5c66e13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c66f49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c66f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c66ff1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c66ff1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c67153\" data-id=\"5c67153\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c67269 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c67269\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c67309 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c67309\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c67463\" data-id=\"5c67463\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c67569 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c67569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c67610 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c67610\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c6778c\" data-id=\"5c6778c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c678ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c678ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c6794f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c6794f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c67aab\" data-id=\"5c67aab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c67be6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c67be6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c67c96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c67c96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c67e01\" data-id=\"5c67e01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c67f1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c67f1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c67fc9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c67fc9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c6814f\" data-id=\"5c6814f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6828a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c6828a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effectiveness of SliMS Automation System Services for Library Service Support (Case Study in MAN 1 Bandar Lampung) <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Tri Estu Wulandari, Riswanti Rini, Sowiyah, Elvira Putri Erlinda &#8211; August 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 41-46<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c6833a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c6833a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c684df\" data-id=\"5c684df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c68626 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5c68626\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9681\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9682\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9683\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9684\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9685\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9686\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9681\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9681\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Effectiveness of SliMS Automation System Services for Library Service Support (Case Study in MAN 1 Bandar Lampung. The SliMS automation system provide convenience in library management, such as collection storage, circulation systems, recording of visit statistics, evaluating collection usage, and through internet access. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the SliMS automation system in expanding services, the performance of library heads and Madrasah head support at MAN 1 Bandar Lampung. This study used a qualitative method with 8 informants. Data collection techniques are done through observation, interviews and documentation. Finding: Slims automation system services not yet accessed online are still focused on administrative main tasks such as cataloging, tracking and circulation. Performance in the library does not have information technology experts, madrasa head support for the library is not optimal. Conclusion: SliMS Automation System based library services in MAN 1 Bandar Lampung are not optimal.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 41-46\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9682\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9682\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tri Estu Wulandari<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Riswanti Rini<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sowiyah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elvira Putri Erlinda<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9683\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9683\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Azwar, M. (2013). Membangun sistem otomasi perpuakaan dstengan senayan library management system (SLIMS). Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan, Informasi, dan Kearsipan, 1(1) 1-15.<br \/>\r\n[2] Hermanto, B. (2008). Penerapan teknologi informasi untuk meningkatkan mutu layanan perpustakaan Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surabaya: Universitas Sebelas maret.<br \/>\r\n[3] Iswanto, R., Wince, E., &amp; Marleni, M. (2019). Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Aplikasi SliMS dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pustakawan pada Perpustakaan Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup. Tik Ilmeu: Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi, 3(2), 159-192.<br \/>\r\n[4] Klika, A. K., Small, T. J., Saleh, A., Szubski, C. R., Pillai, A. L. P. C., &amp; Barsoum, W. K. (2014). Primary total knee arthroplasty allogenic transfusion trends, length of stay, and complications: nationwide inpatient sample 2000\u20132009. The Journal of arthroplasty, 29(11), 2070-2077.<br \/>\r\n[5] Onny, Cahyo Widodo. (2016). Efektifitas penggunaan software open source (SLiMS) pada perpustakaan perguruan tinggi di malang. Skripsi. Malang: Universitas Airlangga<br \/>\r\n[6] Pamungkas, PDA. (2018). ISO 9126 Untuk Pengujian Kualitas Aplikasi Perpustakaan Senayan Library Management System (SLiMS). Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018) 465\u2013471.<br \/>\r\n[7] Rex Fritz Sidupa. (2016). Pengukuran Kinerja Aplikas iSLiMS pada Pelayanan Teknologi Informasi Menggunakan Framework ITIL v.3 (StudiKasus: Perpustakaan dan Arsip Daerah Kota Salatiga).Skripsi.Salatiga: Universitas Kristen Satya WacanaSalatiga<br \/>\r\n[8] Saleem, A., Shabana, T. S. Z., &amp; Batcha, M. S. (2013). Application and uses of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in academic libraries: an overview. International Journal of Library Science, 2(3), 49-52. https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/36974031\/10.5923.j.library.20130203.01.pdf<br \/>\r\n[9] Shivaram, B.S. (2007). Library Automation: An overview. Dr. TB Rajashekar Memorial Seminar on Emerging ICT Skills for the Information Professionals<br \/>\r\n[10] Sinaga, D. (2011). Mengelola perpustakaan sekolah. In: Bandung: Bejana.<br \/>\r\n[11] Suwarno, Wiji. (2009). Psikologi Perpustakaan. Jakarta : Sagung Seto Undang-Undang No.43 tahun 2007<br \/>\r\n[12] Widiasa, I. K. (2007). Manajemen Perpustakaan Sekolah. Jurnal Perpustakaan Sekolah, Tahun, 1, 1-14. http:\/\/library.um.ac.id\/images\/gbjps\/art02ktu.pdf<br \/>\r\n[13] Yusuf, Pawit M. (2010). Komunikasi Instruksional : teori dan praktek. Jakarta : PT. Bumi Aksara<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9684\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9684\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tri Estu Wulandari, Riswanti Rini, Sowiyah, Elvira Putri Erlinda &#8220;Effectiveness of SliMS Automation System Services for Library Service Support (Case Study in MAN 1 Bandar Lampung)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp. 41-46 August 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/41-46.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9685\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9685\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/41-46.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9686\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9686\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effectiveness-of-slims-automation-system-services-for-library-service-support-case-study-in-man-1-bandar-lampung\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effectiveness of SliMS Automation System Services for Library Service Support (Case Study in MAN 1 Bandar Lampung)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6caee elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5c6caee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c6cbc0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c6cbc0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c6cd45\" data-id=\"5c6cd45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6ce77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c6ce77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c6cf17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c6cf17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c6d070\" data-id=\"5c6d070\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6d17f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c6d17f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c6d22a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c6d22a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c6d377\" data-id=\"5c6d377\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6d48b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c6d48b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c6d527 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c6d527\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c6d675\" data-id=\"5c6d675\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6d77a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c6d77a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c6d81d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c6d81d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c6d95d\" data-id=\"5c6d95d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6da78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c6da78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c6db12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c6db12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c6dc5f\" data-id=\"5c6dc5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c85f45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c85f45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c860dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c860dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c862c0\" data-id=\"5c862c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c86408 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c86408\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Optimization of Dialogical Patrol in Preventing the Criminal Act of Gambling in the Jurisdiction area of Lamongan Polres<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Rizki Atmaka Hadi, Abdul Mu\u2019ata Ali, Prof. Dr. Tb. Ronny Rahman Nitibaskara &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 47-53<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c864b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c864b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c8662d\" data-id=\"5c8662d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c86750 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5c86750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">I. INTRODUCTION<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The natural condition of the country of Indonesia which has a tropical climate makes this country a country that is very suitable for planting a variety of plants. Unlike in other countries which can only be planted by a few plants, Indonesia&#8217;s tropical climate conditions also have very fertile soil so that it is suitable for planting a variety of plants. With these conditions, this country should be able to make good use of its natural wealth and fertile land that can be used as capital to make this country a very developed country, even defeat the countries in Europe and even America. With a description of Indonesia there should be no reason for Indonesia is difficult to advance.<br \/>\r\nConsidering the condition of Indonesia, where there are abundant natural resources, the reality that is happening now is very different. It can be seen that Indonesia is still a developing country with a very high social inequality between its people. The uneven development carried out by the government is increasingly showing the country&#8217;s social inequality. In fact, there are still many people of Indonesia who still live below the poverty line. Such conditions make many of the Indonesian people who cannot feel the school bench caused by poverty is a lot of young Indonesian people who actually they even go down to become buskers or just begging on the streets waiting for the mercy of people.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 47-53\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Rizki Atmaka Hadi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Abdul Mu\u2019ata Ali<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Prof. Dr. Tb. Ronny Rahman Nitibaskara<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\nReference are not available.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rizki Atmaka Hadi, Abdul Mu\u2019ata Ali, Prof. Dr. Tb. Ronny Rahman Nitibaskara &#8220;The Optimization of Dialogical Patrol in Preventing the Criminal Act of Gambling in the Jurisdiction area of Lamongan Polres&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.47-53 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/47-53.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/47-53.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-optimization-of-dialogical-patrol-in-preventing-the-criminal-act-of-gambling-in-the-jurisdiction-area-of-lamongan-polres\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Optimization of Dialogical Patrol in Preventing the Criminal Act of Gambling in the Jurisdiction area of Lamongan Polres<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c888ab elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5c888ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c889e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c889e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c88b9b\" data-id=\"5c88b9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c88cd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c88cd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c88d89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c88d89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c88f06\" data-id=\"5c88f06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c89032 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c89032\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c890db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c890db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c89243\" data-id=\"5c89243\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c89363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c89363\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c89405 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c89405\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c8956a\" data-id=\"5c8956a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c89680 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c89680\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c89728 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c89728\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c89870\" data-id=\"5c89870\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c89995 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c89995\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c89a3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c89a3a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c89b8b\" data-id=\"5c89b8b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c89c94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c89c94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c89d38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c89d38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c89ead\" data-id=\"5c89ead\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c89fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c89fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Reoccurring Farmers-Herders Conflict in Nigeria: Political and Socio-Economic Implications of Herders Attacks on Farmers in Uzo-Uwani Communities of Enugu State<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Boris Happy Odalonu &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 54-62<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c8a06a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c8a06a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c8a1ea\" data-id=\"5c8a1ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c8a369 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5c8a369\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined the political and socio-economic effects of farmers-herders conflict in Nigeria with particular reference to Uzo-Uwani local Government Area of Enugu. The study was anchored on climate change theory and survey research design was adopted for the study. The primary data for the study was generated through structured questionnaire and in depth interview. Eight communities that were affected by the conflicts were purposively sampled. The study revealed that the immediate causes of the conflict were destruction of farmlands, contamination of streams by the herders\u2019 cattle and killing of cattle by farmers. The remote causes include competition for land and water resources and government ineffective environmental policy. The conflicts led to loss of lives, loss of houses and other properties and loss of crops, loss of cattle, reduction in food and animal production by both farmers and herder, displacement of farmers and rise in tension and volatile inter-group relations amongst the farmers and herders. The study recommended that conflict resolution mechanism should be established in those communities that are prone to herders-farmers clashes, there should be an established database of Fulani herdsmen in order to identify the herders in every community across the country, there should be sensitization of the farmers and herdsmen on peaceful co-existence and cooperation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 54-62\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Boris Happy Odalonu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Political Science Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbass, I. (2012): \u201cNo Retreat No Surrender Conflict for Survival between the Fulani Pastoralist   and Farmers in Northern Nigeria\u201d, European Scientific Journal, 8(1), 331-346.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAdetula, D. (2016, July 16). Understanding the Fulani herdsmen crisis in Nigeria: Here is  everything you need to know. Ventures Africa. Retrieved from http:\/\/venturesafrica.com\/understanding-the-fulani-herdsmen-crisis-in-nigeria-what-you-need-to-know\/<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAdisa, R. S. (2011). Management of Farmer-herdsmen Conflict in North-Central Nigeria: Implications for Collaboration between Agricultural Extension Service and Other Stakeholders. Journal of International Agricultural Education and Extension,18(1),60-72<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAdisa, R. S. (2012): Land Use Conflict between Farmers and Herdsmen-Implications for Agricultural and Rural Development in Nigeria, Available on:  http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/rural-development-contemporary-issues-and-practices\/land use conflict<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAkujobi, C.T. Ebitari, S. &#038; Amuzie, H. O. (2016). Arable Land Resource Conflict in Nigeria,  Journal of Applied Science &#038; Development, 7(1-2), 39-65<br \/>\r\n[6]\tAudu, S. D. (2013): Conflicts among Farmers and Pastoralists in Northern Nigeria Induced by Freshwater Scarcity, Developing Country Studies, 3(12), 23-32.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tAudu, S. D. (2016, April 25th)&#8221;Catholic Church, houses burnt as Fulani Herdsmen invade Enugu communities&#8221;. Vanguard, Retrieved from April 26th, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tAwogbade, H.Y (September 22nd, 1987) &#8220;Olu Falae kidnapped on his 77th birthday&#8221;. guardian.ng. (September 22, 1987), Retrieved from www.guardian.com.ng on May 25th, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tBaba, I. &#038; Abeysinghe, C. (2017).  Farmers-Herdsmen Conflict in the North Central Region of Nigeria (An Analysis of Cause and Effect), International Journal of Social Science   and Humanities Research, 5(3), 53-62.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tBalogun, A. (2016). The extent of Fulani herdsmen attack in Nigeria Department of Geography, University of Ilorin, 3rd \u2013 12th, July.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tBabajide, J. (2014, March 5) Benue Residents Raise the Alarm Over Influx of Fulani Herdsmen, Nigerian, Tribune Newspaper P. 44<br \/>\r\n[12]\tBarnett, J. (2008). Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and CSERGE, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, .<br \/>\r\n[13]\tBiermann, F., &#038; Klaus, D. (2004).Global Environmental Change and the Nation State. Global Environmental Politics, 4(1),1-12<br \/>\r\n[14]\tBlench, R. (2010). Conflict between Pastoralists and Cultivators in Nigeria: Review paper prepared for DFID, Nigeria, on the 9th August.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tClifford, N.  et al. (2017, June 20). Herdsmen on rampage as Governments continue to delay ,  Vanguard. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2017\/06\/herdsmen-rampage-govts-continue-delay\/<br \/>\r\n[16]\tConroy, S. (2014). Land conflicts and lethal violence in Nigeria: Patterns, mapping and evolution (2006-2014)\u2019, INFRA Nigeria, no. 38.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tCotula, L; Toulmin, C; and C. Hesse (2004).\u201cLand Tenure and Administration in Africa: Lesson of Experience and Emerging Issues,\u201d IIED.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tCrisis Group (2017, September 19). Herders against Farmers: Nigeria\u2019s Expanding Deadly   Conflict, Crisis Group Africa Report N\u00b0252<br \/>\r\n[19]\tCPDS (2012) Report on the Study of Community Level Conflict Management Mechanisms in the Niger Delta, Middle Belt and North East Zones of Nigeria. Centre for Conflict Management and Peace Studies (CECOMPS), University of Jos,<br \/>\r\n[20]\tChukudili M,. (2016). Enugu: Suspected Fulani Herdsmen Attack Ukpabi Nimbo Community of Uzo-Uwani Local Government in April, 2016. Retrieved from www.naij.com<br \/>\r\n[21]\tDavid, U. (2016, December 25). Herdsmen Attacked and Killed 7 Men and 1 Woman in Sabuwa, KatsinaState. Premium Times Newspaper,Retrieved from www.premiumtimesonline.com<br \/>\r\n[22]\tDurojaiye, R.(2014, July 8). Challenge of Fulani Herdsmen, Editorial, DailyIndependence, P.12<br \/>\r\n[23]\tEyekpimi, O. (2016, June 21). History of Fulani Herdsmen and Farmers Clashes in Nigeria, Information Guide Nigeria, http:\/\/infoguidenigeria.com\/fulani-herdsmen-farmers-clashes\/<br \/>\r\n[24]\tFasona D. and Omojola E. (2016, January 24th)&#8221;How Fulani herdsmen abducted, killed Delta monarch&#8221;. Vanguard (www.vanguardngr.com).Retrieved from May 3rd 2006.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tFasona, M. J. &#038; Omojola, A. S. (2005).Climate Change, Human Security and Communal Clashes in Nigeria. Paper presented at the International Workshop in Human Security and Climate Change, Oslo, Sweden.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tFiki, C. &#038; Lee, B. (2004): Conflict Generation, Conflict Management and Self-organizing Capabilities in Drought-prone Rural Communities in North-eastern Nigeria: A Case Study. Journal of Social Development in Africa, 19(2): 25-48.<br \/>\r\n[27]\tFlavel, A. (2010). Migration. In V. Ndaruzaniye, L. Lipper, D. Fiot, A. Flavell&#038; J. Clover (Eds.), Climate Change and Security in Africa: Vulnerability Discussion Paper of Climate Change, Environment and Security (ACCES) Conference Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research, 2(1), 12-22.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tGareth, P. (1995). Redefining Security: The Human Dimension, Current History Journal.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tHaan, C. (2002): Nigeria Second Fadama Development Project (SFDP). Project Preparation Mission Report, Livestock Component, World Bank, pp1-13.<br \/>\r\n[30]\tHogan, M. O. (2006), Academic Dictionary of Sociology, India, Academic Publishers<br \/>\r\n[31]\tHoudret, A., Kramer, A. &#038; Carius, E. (2010). The WaterSecurity Nexus: Challenges and  Opportunities for Development Cooperation.Deutsche  Gesellschaftf\u00fcr Technische Zusammenarbeit<br \/>\r\n[32]\tHoton. T. F. (1972). Environment, scarcity, and violence, Princeton: Michigan University, University Press.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tIro, I. (1994). The Fulani Herding System, Washington: African Development Foundation<br \/>\r\n[34]\tIsah, M. A. (2010, November 18th)&#8221;Global Terrorism Index: Nigerian Fulani militants named as fourth deadliest terror group in world&#8221;. Www.independent.co.uk. Retrieved from May 19th, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[35]\tJaphet, C. H. (2017, January 4). Delta State: 5 killed in Abraka and Obiarukwu Communities of Ukwani Local Government Area, Retrieved from www.naij.com<br \/>\r\n[36]\tLudovica, I. (2015) Nigeria Fulani Militants: Herdsmen Accused of killing 1,200 People in 2014,  International Business Times News www.internationalbustimes.com.uk, United  Kingdom.<br \/>\r\n[37]\tMaduabu, C. (2015, January 2015). Enugu State: 1 Dead as Fulani Herdsmen Attack Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area. Premium Times. Retrieved from www.Premiumtimes.com<br \/>\r\n[38]\tMamah, E., Ndujihe, C., Nkwopara, C. &#038; Ozor, C. (2016, April 26). Bloodbath in Enugu as Fulani Herdsmen Kill 40, Vanguard, http:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2016\/04\/bloodbath-enugu-fulani-herdsmen-kill-40\/<br \/>\r\n[39]\tMercy Corps (July 2016). Conflict Between Nigerian Rural Communities Takes Enormous  Economic Toll. Press Release https:\/\/www.mercycorps.org\/pressroom\/releases\/mercy-corps-conflict-between-nigerian-rural-communitiestakesenormous-economic<br \/>\r\n[40]\tNyong, F. &#038; Fiki, D. (2002) Fulani herdsman attack in Nigeria, effects and solutions<br \/>\r\n[41]\tNwosu, C. (2017, April 23). Between Fulani Herdsmen and Farmers National Security under Buhari, The Republic, http:\/\/www.republic.com.ng\/aprilmay-2017\/fulani-herdsmen-farmers\/<br \/>\r\n[42]\tOgbo, A, Lauretta, NE, &#038; Ukpere, W. (2013). Risk management and challenges of climate change in Nigeria\u2019, Journal of Human Ecology, 41(3), 221-235.<br \/>\r\n[43]\tOfuoku, A. &#038; Isife, B. I. (2010). Causes, Effects and Resolution of Farmers-Nomadic Cattle Herders Conflict in Delta State, Nigeria. Agricultura Tropica Et Sub Tropica, 43, (1), 33-41.<br \/>\r\n[44]\tOkeke, O. E. (2014). Conflicts between Fulani Herders and Farmers in Central and Southern Nigeria: Discourse on Proposed Establishment of Grazing Routes and Reserves. AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 3(1), 66-84.<br \/>\r\n[45]\tOkoli, A.C &#038; Atelhe, G.A. (2014). Nomads against Natives: A political ecology of herder\/ Farmer conflicts in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, (2), 76-88.<br \/>\r\n[46]\tOkwor, D. (2016).The Political Economy of the Conflict Between the Farmers and Fulani Herdsmen in the Contemporary Era of Climate Change in Nigeria, Master Thesis at the<br \/>\r\n[47]\tInternational Institute of Social Studies, Hague, The Netherlands Oluwasegu, A. &#038; Solagberu, A. (2010). An Empirical Phenomenological Psychological Study of Farmer-Herdsmen Conflicts in North Central Nigeria. Journal of Perspectives in Social Sciences. 2(1),1-27<br \/>\r\n[48]\tPaterson, M. (1996). Global Warming and Global Politics. New York: Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[49]\tPurvis, N., &#038; Busby, J. (2008).The Security Implications of Climate Change for the UN System. In Policy Brief for the United Nations and Environmental Security<br \/>\r\n[50]\tRashid, S. A. (2012), Land Use Conflict between Farmers and Herdsmen- Implications For  Agricultural And Rural Development In Nigeria, Rural Development-Contemporary Issues And Practices, Hptt:Www.Intechopen.Com\/Books\/Rural-Development-Contemprary-Issues-And-Practice\/Land-Use-Conflict-Between-Farmers-And-Herdsmen-Implications-For-Agricultural-And-Rural-Development-<br \/>\r\n[51]\tReisman, M. (1977) Effect of farmer herder crisis in the world, European Scientific Journals.<br \/>\r\n[52]\tRibot, J.C. &#038; N.L. Peluso (2003) &#8216;A Theory of Access&#8217;, Rural Sociology 68(2): 153-181.<br \/>\r\n[53]\tSater, E. (2013, September) eight killed, houses razed, many injured as Fulani herdsmen attack more Benue communities. Morning star news<br \/>\r\n[54]\tSawin, J. (2013). Climate Change Poses Greater Security Threat than Terrorism. In World Watch Institute Journal, Retrieved from http:\/\/www.worldwatch.org\/node\/77,<br \/>\r\n[55]\tShiklam, J. (2014), Kaduna state: Suspected Fulani Herdsmen Kill 123 in Fresh Attacks in kirim, Zagar kaduna state, ThisDay Newspaper, P.23-25<br \/>\r\n[56]\tStein, C .(May 2016). Farmer-Herder Conflict Rises Across Nigeria. VOA News. http:\/\/ww w.voanews.com\/a\/farmer-herder-conflict-rises-acrossnigeria\/ 3326151.html<br \/>\r\n[57]\tSunday, D. (2016)&#8221;Fulani Pastoralists, Indigenous Farmers and the Contest for Land in Northern, Ghana&#8221;. Africa Spectrum journals.<br \/>\r\n[58]\tWikipedia (2017). Conflict. Retrieved from www.wikipedia.com. October 17, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[59]\twww.buzz.com.ng (2016) Fulani herdsmen attack in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Boris Happy Odalonu &#8220;Reoccurring Farmers-Herders Conflict in Nigeria: Political and Socio-Economic Implications of Herders Attacks on Farmers in Uzo-Uwani Communities of Enugu State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.54-62 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/54-62.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/54-62.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" 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Communities of Enugu State<br \/>\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c90308 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5c90308\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c9079d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c9079d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c908fa\" data-id=\"5c908fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c90a09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c90a09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c90aac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c90aac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c90c07\" data-id=\"5c90c07\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c90d18 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c91024 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c91024\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c910c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c910c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c9120a\" data-id=\"5c9120a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c9130a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c9130a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c913a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c913a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c914ec\" data-id=\"5c914ec\" 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elementor-element elementor-element-5c917d6\" data-id=\"5c917d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c918d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c918d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c91970 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c91970\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c91ab7\" data-id=\"5c91ab7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c91bc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c91bc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c91c59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c91c59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c91d9f\" data-id=\"5c91d9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c91ea5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c91ea5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c91f40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c91f40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c93861\" data-id=\"5c93861\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c93a00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c93a00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Public Perceptions on the Impacts of Proliferation of Churches on Corruption in Benue State, Nigeria: an Insight of Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Iorkosu, Tyover Samuel, Emmanuel Verem Orjime, Donald, Tarfa Ende, Benedict, Terkaa Iornyagh, Iyorwuese, Salem I &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 63-71<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c93af4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c93af4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c93c94\" data-id=\"5c93c94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c93dd0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5c93dd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The proliferation of churches that accompanied by the high level of corruption in Nigeria has attracted a good level of attention. Statistics show that about 72.3 million Nigerian are Christians. Going by this figure, the church indeed wields enormous potential in its followers and in turn stems corruption across the nation. The tenacious preference of corruption, however, suggests that it has not played its responsibility in this regard effectively. In other to investigate this fact; the oral interview and questionnaire were used. A sample size of 400 respondents was drawn from Makurdi town following the Yamane&#8217;s formula. The analysis of the data revealed that the proliferation of churches in Benue state, has, seemingly, not translated to a drastic reduction of corruption. Additionally, despite the proliferation of churches in Makurdi metropolis, corruption and other deviant behaviour were relatively high. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that corruption in the churches should be checked and those leaders involved in corrupt activities should be prosecuted accordingly. Church leaders should not focus their preaching on prosperity but on hard work and corrupt-free society.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 63-71\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iorkosu, Tyover Samuel<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPh.D Student, Department of Sociology, Federal University, Lafia, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Verem Orjime<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Donald, Tarfa Ende<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Benedict, Terkaa Iornyagh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iyorwuese, Salem I<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD Student, Nasarrawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]\tAbioje, P.O (2011), \u201cA Critique of commercialization of  Religion in Nigeria via the Mass Media\u201d Ilorin Journal of Religious Studies. (IJOURELS) Vol.1 No. 2<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAjiki T.T (2008) The Proliferation of African churches; Makurdi Aboki press.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tClement E, K (2003); The problem with Nigeria Churches; Enugu<br \/>\r\n[4]\tEfe, A. (2013) Proliferation of churches and corruption in Nigeria understanding the Irony; Academia.edu<br \/>\r\n[5]\tEhwarieme, W. and Cododia, J (2011). \u201cCorruption and Environmental degradation  in Nigeria and its Niger delta\u201d Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13 (5),34-48<br \/>\r\n[6]\tFalola, T. (2002) key Events in African History: Santa Barbara: Greenwood publishing Group.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tHaralambos, M and R.M (1980). Sociology: Theme  and perspective. Oxford University press.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tHesanmi. S.O. (1997). Religious pluralism and the Nigerian State. Ohio: Ohio University press.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tIorfaa, 1(2006) Indigenous Christians movement in West Africa (Lecture note) BSU Makurdi.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tKeeper, D.G (2012). \u201cSystematic corruption in Nigeria: A threat to sustained Development\u201d. Proceedings of the 1st International Technology, Education, Environment Conference. A journal of African study for scientific research (ASSR) 1 (1) 172-179<br \/>\r\n[11]\tKhan, M.H, (2012).\u201cThe Efficient Implications of Corruption\u201d Journal of International Development Vol 8 (5): 683-96<br \/>\r\n[12]\tkukah, M, H. (2007), \u201cReligion, culture  and  the Development\u201d Lagos: Centre for Black and Africa Arts and Civilization, Public Lecture.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tMendels, E (2006). \u201cCorruption corroding the global economy and sustainable development: The United Nations Global Compact at risk\u201d. In B Errath  (ed). Business Against Corruption-Case Stories and Examples (UN Global Compact)<br \/>\r\n[14]\tMorgan W.S (2015) Nigeria Corruption by Christians churches Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/Nigeria-corruption-cause-Christian-churches.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tNicho, H. (2004). The Crusades. Westport: Greenwood press<br \/>\r\n[16]\tNwaomah, SM (2007). \u201cThe Role of the Church in Combating Corruption in Nigeria\u201d in Aina (ed) Corruption and the challenges of Human Development. Task for Nation Building Series (1 )llishan Remo: Babcock University  press.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tOgunbumi, B. (2012). \u201cPHB ex Boss, Atuche paid  N45M to  Church as Tithes from Stolen Money\u201d Retrieved on 28-10-12 from http:\/\/www.nigeriafilms.com\/news19021\/4\/phb\/-ex-boss-atuche-paid-45m-tochurch-as-tithes-Ehtmln<br \/>\r\n[18]\tOlukayode, A.F (2013) Religious corruption: Dilemma of the Nigerian State; Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa Vol. 15 No 1.Clarrion University of Pennsy Vania.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tOnogha. K. (2007) \u201cIntersection  of Corruption  and Christian  Ethics: Towards A solution  to A problem\u201d in Aina (ed). Corruption and the challenges of Human Development  task for Nation Building Series (1). Hishan Remo: Babcock University press.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tOshodi. J.E. (2012). \u201cLet\u2019s call it Religion Corruption Syndrome\u201d The Punch Newspaper. February 27.2012 Retrieved on 28\/10\/12 from http:\/\/www.punchng.com\/opnion\/lets-call-ityreligion-corruption-syndrome).<br \/>\r\n[21]\tSimbine, A.T (2011) \u201cReligion. Ethics and Attitudes towards Corruption in Nigeria\u201d, Birminghan: RaD Research programme Working Paper.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tUmaxhi, G.A. (2007). \u201cPauls Approach t Bribery in Act 24:25-27: A Christian Response to Corruption in Nigeria\u201d in Aina (ed). Corruption and the Challenges of Human Development task for Nation Building Series (1) Hishan Remo. Babcock University Press.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tWegh F, S (2012) Continuity and change, Makurdi. Aboki Publishers.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Iorkosu, Tyover Samuel, Emmanuel Verem Orjime, Donald, Tarfa Ende, Benedict, Terkaa Iornyagh, Iyorwuese, Salem I &#8220;Public Perceptions on the Impacts of Proliferation of Churches on Corruption in Benue State, Nigeria: an Insight of Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.63-71 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/63-71.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/63-71.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/public-perceptions-on-the-impacts-of-proliferation-of-churches-on-corruption-in-benue-state-nigeria-an-insight-of-makurdi-metropolis-of-benue-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Perceptions on the Impacts of Proliferation of Churches on Corruption in Benue State, Nigeria: an Insight of Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c94c02 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5c94c02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c97428 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c97428\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c974c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c974c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c9761b\" data-id=\"5c9761b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c97722 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c97722\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c977c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c977c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c9790e\" data-id=\"5c9790e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c97a20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c97a20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c97abb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c97abb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c97c21\" data-id=\"5c97c21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c97d28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c97d28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Ethics and Professionalism; the Current Challenges for Nigerian Banks<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Okere Peter. A Phd, Njoku Gospel O, Okere, Cletus O &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 72-77<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c97ddb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c97ddb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c97f50\" data-id=\"5c97f50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c98082 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5c98082\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The main objective of this study is to address the importance of ethics and professionalism in the banking industry in Nigeria more especially in this period of COVID-19 and also address the consequences of unethical and sharp practices in the banking industry. Banks in the modern day world, play an intermediary role between the deficit economic units and surplus economic units of the society, executing savings and investment functions. The  protection of the rights and interests of numerous  stakeholders is sine quo non for banking sector stability and  the requirement for economic development and  therefore, banks are expected to ethically pursue their operations in compliance with the principles of integrity, impartiality, reliability, transparency, social responsibility and denounce unethical and unprofessional practices. It is therefore recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria should ensure tougher disciplinary measures against any erring bank staff as this could go a long way to further mitigate the rising trends of unethical and unprofessional practices in the Nigerian banking sector. The Institute of Bankers should also enforce full compliance of the Institute professional code of conduct in the banking industry in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 72-77\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okere Peter. A Phd<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDept. of Banking and Finance Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Njoku Gospel O<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDept. of Banking and Finance Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okere, Cletus O<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDept. of Accountancy, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAckoff, R. L. (1987): Business Ethics and the Entrepreneur, Journal of Business Venturing,  Vol. 2 No.3, p. 185<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAdegbite, E.O.(2005) Development Finance Institutions in Nigeria in Fakeyesi &#038; Akano, Issues  in Money, Finance  and Economic Management in Nigeria, Lagos, University of Nigeria   press.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAdegbite, E.O. &#038; Arasomwan O. (2016) The Nigerian Economy, and the Banking and Finance, Profession: The Role of Ethical Education. Conference Lecture at the CIBN 2nd National Conference of Educators in Banking and Finance in Nigeria, Ibadan, CIBN Nigeria banker<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAdewale A.A (2012) Ethics and Professionalism in banking services. Basic Research Journal of Business Management and Accounts ISSN 2315-6899Vol. 1(1) pp. 01-05<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAdeyanju, O. D. (2014) Code of Ethics and Professionalism: Implication for Bank Failure in Nigeria. 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The Management Bible. Queensland: Plum Press.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tHaakonssen, K (2006): he Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tHornby, A.S (2006). Oxford Advanced Learner\u2019s Dictionary of Current English, Oxford: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tIkpefan, O. A. And Ayeni, O.(2012) The Impact Of Ethics and Professionalism In The Nigerian Banking industry . A paper presentation to the department of Banking and Finance, Covenant University, Ota Ogun State http:\/\/eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng\/1319\/1\/ayeni ethics<br \/>\r\n[15].\tJones, Wicks and Freeman (2001): Stakeholder Theory: The State of the Art, The Blackwell Guide Journal of Business Ethics Vol. 2, p. 2<br \/>\r\n[16].\tNilsson, A. &#038; Westerberg, M. (1997): Business Ethics and Systems Thinking, Journal of Systems Practice. Vol. 10, No.4, p. 25.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tMautner, T (2000). The Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy London: Penguin Group<br \/>\r\n[18].\tOdozi V. (2007) Ethics and Professionalism in the Banking Industry: The Role of the Honorary Senior Member. The Nigerian Banker, April \u2013 June, Lagos. CIBN Press Ltd<br \/>\r\n[19].\tOyetunji, O.T , Akande, O. C  and Olurin, O (2017) Ethics and Corporate Governance In The Nigerian Banking Industry. Journal of Association of Professional Bankers in Education (JAPBE) Nigeriahttp:\/\/apbe-cibn.org.ng Vol., I No 1,<br \/>\r\n[20].\tOgunleye O.G.(2010)  Perspectives on the Nigerian financial Safety-Net\u201d, A Nigerian Deposit Insurance Book.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tOgunniyi, J.O. (2013) The Necessity for a sound ethical compass in the drive for high profit\u201dThe Nigeria banker, January-march. Lagos CIBN Press Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tOghojafor, B.E. A., Olayemi, O. O., Okonji, P. S. and Okolie J. U. (2010): Poor Corporate Governance and its Consequence on the Nigerian Banking Sector, Serbian Journal of Management, Vol. 5, No 2, p. 243.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tOjo M.O. (1994) Checking Unethical practices in the financial system: implications for the economy. CBN bullion vo18. No.3, Lagos, Central Bank Press.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tPondar , J (2006): Towards a Categorization of Stakeholder Groups: An Empirical verification of a Three-Level Model. Diagram, Journal of Marketing Communications, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p. 301.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tSanusi L.S. (2010) Growth Prospects for the Nigeria Economy, Convocation Lecture Delivered at the Igbinedion University 8th Convocation Ceremony, Okada Edo State<br \/>\r\n[26].\tShaw, W.H &#038; Barry, V (2004). \u201cMoral Issues in Business\u201d (9th Edition), Belmont, Wadsworth.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tVerschoor, C.C.(2002) \u201c Finance involves Ethics, not just Technical issues. Strategic finance, vol.84 pp 13-28.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Okere Peter. A Phd, Njoku Gospel O, Okere, Cletus O, &#8220;Ethics and Professionalism; the Current Challenges for Nigerian Banks&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.72-77 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/72-77.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/72-77.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/ethics-and-professionalism-the-current-challenges-for-nigerian-banks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ethics and Professionalism; the Current Challenges for Nigerian Banks<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb2cb4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cb2cb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb2dac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb2dac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb2f6b\" data-id=\"5cb2f6b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb309f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cb309f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb3148 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb3148\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb329e\" data-id=\"5cb329e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb33e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cb33e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb3498 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb3498\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb35f8\" data-id=\"5cb35f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb370a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cb370a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb37a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb37a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb38f4\" data-id=\"5cb38f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb3a16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cb3a16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb3abf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb3abf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb3c08\" data-id=\"5cb3c08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb3d13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cb3d13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb3db1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb3db1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb3f2e\" data-id=\"5cb3f2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb4043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cb4043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb40f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb40f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb42bc\" data-id=\"5cb42bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb4424 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cb4424\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Ethical Sensitivity and Sustainable Performance of SMEs: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Amina Asabe Adamu, Chong Yen Wan, Abdullahi Hassan Gorondutse &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 78-82<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb44de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb44de\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb469d\" data-id=\"5cb469d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb4806 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cb4806\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Regardless of the relevance of sustainability practices to business organisation, literature indicates very few studies have attempted to investigate the effect of ethical sensitivity on the sustainability of small and medium enterprise (SMEs), mainly the relationship between ethical sensitivity and sustainable performance of SMEs. The literature suggests that there is not only limited information on the Sustainable Performance of SMEs in Nigeria but also little research in this important area of study. By using structural questionnaires, the data for the study were collected from 288 SMEs in Nigeria. The findings of the study indicate a significant positive relationship between ethical sensitivity and sustainable performance of SMEs. The result of the study seems to demonstrate that the practice of ethical sensitivity in SMEs will not only be to improve their economic performance but also to increase both environment and social performance as well.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 78-82\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amina Asabe Adamu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Business Management, Universitity Utara Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chong Yen Wan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Business Management, Universitity Utara Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdullahi Hassan Gorondutse<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Business Management, Universitity Utara Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAlmubarak, F. 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Institutionalising Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development (Vol. 44). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/9789264019096-en<br \/>\r\n[38]\tTisdell, C. (2001). Globalisation and sustainability: environmental Kuznets curve and the WTO. Ecological Economics, 39(2), 185\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0921-8009(01)00234-8<br \/>\r\n[39]\tVenkatraman, S., &#038; Nayak, R. R. (2015). Relationships among triple bottom line elements Focus on integrating sustainable business practices. Facilities, 33(11\/12), 736\u2013751.<br \/>\r\n[40]\tWaddock, S. A., &#038; Graves, S. B. (1997). The corporate social performance \u2013 financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, 18(4).<br \/>\r\n[41]\tWCED. (2012). Sustainable Development\u202f: From Brundtland to Rio 2012. New York, (September 2010), 26.<br \/>\r\n[42]\tWesarat, P., Sharif, M. Y., &#038; Abdul Majid, A. H. (2017). Role of Organizational Ethics in Sustainable Development: A Conceptual Framework. 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Journal of Business Research, 63(7), 763\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2009.06.005<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Amina Asabe Adamu, Chong Yen Wan, Abdullahi Hassan Gorondutse &#8220;Ethical Sensitivity and Sustainable Performance of SMEs: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.78-82 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/78-82.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/78-82.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/ethical-sensitivity-and-sustainable-performance-of-smes-empirical-evidence-from-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ethical Sensitivity and Sustainable Performance of SMEs: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb9886 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cb9886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb9975 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb9975\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb9b0b\" data-id=\"5cb9b0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb9c40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cb9c40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb9ce4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb9ce4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cb9e2d\" data-id=\"5cb9e2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb9f4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cb9f4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cb9fee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cb9fee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cba143\" data-id=\"5cba143\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cba24f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cba24f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cba2ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cba2ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cba433\" data-id=\"5cba433\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cba538 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cba538\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cba5d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cba5d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cba719\" data-id=\"5cba719\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cba823 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cba823\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cba8bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cba8bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cbaa0b\" data-id=\"5cbaa0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbab12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cbab12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cbaba9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cbaba9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cbad13\" data-id=\"5cbad13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbae25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cbae25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Relationships between Organizational Learning and Organizational Performance in Yaba College Of Technology Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Aderibigbe E. Adefisayo, Yunus Dauda, Fapohunda M. Tinuke &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 83-87<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cbaec0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cbaec0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cbb02f\" data-id=\"5cbb02f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbb15e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cbb15e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigates the relationships between organizational learning and organizational performance in Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria. Data were obtained from three hundred and thirty two (320) selected respondents who are staff of the college by use of experts-validated questionnaires. The sampling techniques used is judgemental sampling method, data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) via Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Two hypotheses were tested and the finding shows that there is a significant relationship between organizational learning and organizational performance, and that there is a significant association between employee experience and organizational performance. It was conclude from the result that organizational learning has a significant relationship with organizational performance. The study therefore recommends that government should provide adequate funding for tertiary institutions in order to become active learning organizations in order to promote learning activities at organizational level to enhance quality of teaching and research.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 83-87\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aderibigbe E. Adefisayo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yunus Dauda<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fapohunda M. Tinuke<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1].\tKhandekar, A. and Sharma, A (2006). Organizational learning and performance: Understanding Indian scenario in present global context. Education + Training, 48: (8\/9), 682-692<br \/>\r\n[2].\tLewis, N.; Benjamin, W,K.; Jud .N, and Marcella. M.(2008). Universities as learning organizations: implications and challenges. Educational Research and Review, 3, 289-293<br \/>\r\n[3].\tRebelo, T,M.  and A.D. Gomes, A.D..(2008) Organizational learning and the learning organization Reviewing evolution for prospecting the future. The Learning Organization, 15, 294-308.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tArgot, L. and Ren, Y. (2010). Transactive memory systems: micro foundations of dynamic capabilities. Paper presented at the conference on micro-level origins of organizational routines and capabilities, 18\u201319 June, Helsin<br \/>\r\n[5].\tArgot, L. and Miron-Spektor, E. (2011). Organizational learning: from experience to knowledge. Journal of Organization Science.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tWan , H.L. and Ngui ,S.K.( 2014). Enhancing organizational performance of Malaysian SMes, International journal of manpower, 35(7), 973-995.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tVeisi, H. ( 2010).Organizational learning in the higher insstitutions; a case study of agricultural and natural resources campus University of Teran. International online journal educational science, 2(1), 21-26<br \/>\r\n[8].\tAkhtar, S., Arif, A., Rubi, E., &#038;Naveed, S. (2012). Impact of organizational learning on organizational performance: study of Higher Education Institutes. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(5), 327-331<br \/>\r\n[9].\tRoche, E. (2002). The implementation of quality management initiatives in the context of organizational learning. Journal of European industrial training. 26, 149-153<br \/>\r\n[10].\tRobinson, T., Clemson, B., &#038; Keating, C. (1997). Development of high organizational learning units. The Learning Organization, 4, 228-234..<br \/>\r\n[11].\tGuta, A.L. (2014). Measuring organization learning  model testing in two Romanian universities. Journal of marketing and management. 9(3): 253-282<br \/>\r\n[12].\tHo, I. .A .(2011). Meditation, learning, organizational innovation and performance. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 111: 113-131<br \/>\r\n[13].\tSchulz, M. (2002). Organizational learning. In: Baum JAC (ed.) The Blackwell Companion to Organizations. Oxford: Blackwell Business, 415\u2013441<br \/>\r\n[14].\tDeng, P. and Tsacle, E. (2006). Emergent learning behavior in a simulated organization faced with tasks requiring team effort. The Journal of the operational research society, 57, 603-611.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tStankard, M. F. (2002). Management systems and organizational performance: The Search for excellence beyond ISO9000. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tChen, S-H., Wang, H-H, &#038; Yang, K-J. (2009). Establishment and application of performance measure indicators for universities. TQM Magazine, 21(3), 220-235.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tNorashikin Hussein &#038;Noormala Amir Ishak. (2006). Human resource practices and organizational learning capability: a proposed framework. Paper presented at the Third Human Resource Management Conference at Langkawi, Malaysia.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tPower, J. &#038; Waddell, D. (2014). The link between self-managed work teams and learning organizations using performance indicators. The Learning Organization, 11(3), 244-259<br \/>\r\n[19].\tBaker, W.E .&#038;Sinkula, J.M. (1999).The synergistic effects of market orientation and learning orientation on organization performance,<br \/>\r\n[20].\tMehemet, F.Y., Aminu. A, and  Abdurahim, E. (2014). Analysis of relationships between  organization learning capacity  and organization performance: Acase study  of Banking Sector in Nigeria. Arabian journal of business review ( NIgeria Chapter). 2(1), 1-10.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tPham, T.B.N. and Tran, Q.H.(2016). Organizational learning in higher educational  institutions: A study of a public University in Vietnam. Journal of Economics Development. 18(2), 88-104.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tSohail, M.S. Daud , S. and Rajadurai, J.(2006). Restructuring a higher education institution: A case study from developing country. International journal of Educational Management,20,279-290.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tSitkin, S.B. (1996). Learning through failure: The strategy of small losses. In: Cohen MD and Sproull LS (eds) Organizational Learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 541\u2013578.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tSproull, L. and Kiesler, S. (1991). Connections: view ways of working in the networked organization. Cambridge: MIT Press.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tEarl, R. B. (2006). The practice of social research. Belmont California:Weds worth publishing company Inc.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tMartinez \u2013Costa, M. &#038; Jimenez \u2013 Jimenez, D.(2009). The effectiveness of T.Q.M : The key role of organization learning in the small business, International small business journal, 27, 98 -125<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aderibigbe E. Adefisayo, Yunus Dauda, Fapohunda M. Tinuke, &#8220;The Relationships between Organizational Learning and Organizational Performance in Yaba College Of Technology Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.83-87 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/83-87.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/83-87.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-relationships-between-organizational-learning-and-organizational-performance-in-yaba-college-of-technology-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Relationships between Organizational Learning and Organizational Performance in Yaba College Of Technology Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbc282 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cbc282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cbc376 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cbc376\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cbc4f4\" data-id=\"5cbc4f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cbfb78\" data-id=\"5cbfb78\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbfc9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cbfc9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cbfd42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cbfd42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cbfea4\" data-id=\"5cbfea4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbffac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cbffac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc0052 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc0052\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc01bd\" data-id=\"5cc01bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc02cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc02cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Job Intentions of Polytechnic Students in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Adewoyin Victor A, Famule Festus D.- August 2020 Page No.: 88-95<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc036a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc036a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc04f0\" data-id=\"5cc04f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc0627 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cc0627\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The Nigeria State through the regulatory bodies for Polytechnics and Universities namely National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) and National Universities Commission (NUC) has made Entrepreneurship Education (EE) compulsory for Nigerian undergraduates from 2007\/2008 academic session.  This is to make them job creators rather than job seekers after graduation. About decade after the commencement, there is a need to assess the impact on both final years National Diploma (ND) Higher National Diploma (HND) students of the polytechnic system.  There is yet no sufficient empirical evidence to suggest that EE has direct and positive impact on their self-employment intentions and drive.  Fundamentally, Polytechnic education by design and rationale is expected to train and equip graduates with the requisites skill to be self-employed. This study is therefore on the impact that Entrepreneurship Education (EE) is having on Entrepreneurial outcome.  The authors aim at investigating students\u2019 attitude towards Entrepreneurship Education (EE) and the perceived influence that various Entrepreneurship Education (EE) courses can have on a cohort of final year National Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND) students in Nigerian Polytechnics starting with three (3) Polytechnics  (both State and Federal Government owned) situated in Oyo, Ondo and Ekiti states of the Western Region of Nigeria in the first instance, and subsequently in other three states; Osun, Ogun and Lagos states of the region.  The other geopolitical zones will follow later.  The target beneficiaries for this study include entrepreneurship educators, researchers and EE decision-makers like regulatory agencies (e.g. NBTE), National Council on Education), institutional academic boards, donor agencies etc. It was found generally in the study empirically that more than enough evidence has suggested that EE has positive impact on job intentions of students in Nigerian Polytechnics and Colleges of Technology.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 88-95\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adewoyin Victor A<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Famule Festus D.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tCotton, J. O., Gorman, C and Stampfi, C. (2000).  Can national education policies, meet the call for more entrepreneurs?  A project supported by the European community (Project Number \u2013 FIN\/00\/C\/P\/RF\/92650 (www.google.com): March 2005<br \/>\r\n[2]\tEuropean commission (2012) \u201cEffects and Impact of entrepreneurship programmes in higher Education\u201d, Brussels, 12 \u2013 15.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tFayolle, A., Gailly, B., and Lassas, N. (2006).  Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: a new methodology.  Journal of European Industrial Training, 30-9, 701 \u2013 20.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tGibb, A., (2002). \u201cIn Pursuit of a New \u2018Enterprise\u2019 and \u2018Entrepreneurship\u2019 Paradigm for Learning: Creative Destruction, New Values, New ways of Doing Things and New Combinations of Knowledge\u201d, International Journal of Management Reviews, 4 (3), PP 233-269.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tHeinonen, J. and Poikkijoki, S. (2006) \u201cAn entrepreneurial directed approach to entrepreneurship education: mission impossible? Journal of Management Development, 25(1); 80-94<br \/>\r\n[6]\tIkeme, A.I. and Amaechi, A.R. (2013).  Benchmarking of the Administration in framework of an Entrepreneurship Centre for Effective of Entrepreneurship Education: What can Nigeria Learn? 2nd Entrepreneurship Directors\u201d Conference, Kwara State University.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tJones, (and English, J. (2004) A contemporary approach to entrepreneurship education, Education and Training, 46 (8-9), 416-23.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMartinez, A., Levie J., Kelley, D., Saemundsson, R. and Schott, T. (2010) \u201cGlobal Entrepreneurship Monitor Special Report::  A Global Perspective on Entrepreneurship Education Training\u201d.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMcMullan, E.W., Long, W. A. and Wilson (1985) MBA concentration on entrepreneurship Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 3-1, 18-22.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tRead, S. and Sarasvathy, S.D. (2005) knowing what to do and doing what you know:  Effectuation as a form of Entrepreneurial Expertise, Journal of Private Equity, 2005: 45-62.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tVander Sluis, J., van Praag M., and Vijverberg, W. (2005).  Entrepreneurship Selection and Performance: A Meta \u2013 Analysis of the Impact of Education in Developing Economics.  World Bank Economic Review, 19(2), 225 \u2013 261.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adewoyin Victor A, Famule Festus D. &#8220;Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Job Intentions of Polytechnic Students in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.88-95 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/88-95.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/88-95.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-entrepreneurship-education-on-job-intentions-of-polytechnic-students-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Job Intentions of Polytechnic Students in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc1655 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cc1655\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc173b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc173b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc18ba\" data-id=\"5cc18ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc35c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc35c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc36b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc36b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc3856\" data-id=\"5cc3856\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc3999 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc3999\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc3a41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc3a41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc3ba0\" data-id=\"5cc3ba0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc3cbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc3cbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc3d61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc3d61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc3ec3\" data-id=\"5cc3ec3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc3fcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc3fcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc4074 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc4074\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc4202\" data-id=\"5cc4202\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc431e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc431e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Architects\u2019 Perception of Acid Rain: The Need for Reprioritising Design Values in Studio Pedagogy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Peter O. Adewale, Oyebimpe A. Adebiyi &#038; Abimbola A. Adebayo &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 96-102<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc43bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc43bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc4532\" data-id=\"5cc4532\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc4667 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cc4667\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">One of the major issues that constitute threat to the international peace, security and continued human existence is environmental degradation. Reports are presented annually about the increasing depletion and pollution of the natural environment by virtually all forms of developmental activities. Among the preponderant negative consequences of these activities is the issue of acid rain deposition, flooding and overheating. While literature is replete with the challenges some of these phenomena pose to architects, little or no attention has been given to the issue of acid rain which has been found to have deleterious effects on buildings. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to determine the level of awareness, perception and responses of architect to this challenge, using Lagos Metropolis as an empirical focus. Data were obtained through structured questionnaire administered on 157 randomly selected practicing architects in Lagos, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The results were further subjected to Linear Regression Analysis. The findings revealed high level of awareness of acid rain among the architects who also feel concerned about phenomenon. Their response to the adaptation and mitigation of the phenomenon was however, very low. The paper establishes architectural design values as one of the major contributors to this behaviour. It concludes by suggesting the need to update architectural education and theories to include climate responsive pedagogies in the learning process.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 96-102 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Peter O. Adewale<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n Department of Architectural Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oyebimpe A. Adebiyi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Palm Associates Nig. Ltd, Elebu Junction, New Garage Area, Ibadan, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abimbola A. Adebayo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Palm Associates Nig. Ltd, Elebu Junction, New Garage Area, Ibadan, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBaedecker, P.A., Reddy, M.M., Riemann, K.J., &#038; Sciammarella, C.A. (1992). Effects of acidic deposition on the erosion of carbonate stone: Experimental results from the United States National Acid Precipitation Assessment Programme. Atmosphere and Environment, 263, 147 \u2013 158.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBhargava, S., &#038; Bhargava, S. (2013). Ecological consequences of the acid rain. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 5(4), 19 \u2013 24.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tBhatti, W., Streets, D.G., &#038; Foell, W.K. (1992). Acid rain in Asia. Environmental Management, 16(4), 541-562.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tBlake, J. (1999). Overcoming the \u2018value\u2013action gap\u2019 in environmental policy: Tensions between national policy and local experience. Local Environment, 4(3), 257\u2013278.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tBohm, G. (2003). Emotional reactions to environmental risks: Consequentialists versus ethical evaluation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 199-212.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tBohm, G., and Pfister, H-R. (2001). Mental representation of global environmental risks. In G.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tBohm, J. Nerb, T. McDaniels and H. Spada (Eds), Environmental risks: Perception, evaluation and management (pp. 1-30). NY: Elsevier Science\/JAI Press.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tBole, S., &#038; Reed, R. (2011). The value of design: A discussion paper. Architectural Science Review, 52 (3). 169-175.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tBurgess, J., Harrison, C., &#038; Filius, P. (1998). Environmental communication and the cultural politics of environmental citizenship. Environment and Planning A, (30), 1445\u20131460.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tDepartment of the Environment and Heritage (2005). Air quality sheet. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.epa\/gov\/SO2-pollution<br \/>\r\n[11]\tDeSoto Construction Coatings (1981). Dramatic proof of acisd rain protection. Architectural Record, March 3, 73.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tEncyclopedia.com (2018). The environment: A revolution in attitudes. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com<br \/>\r\n[13]\tFliegenschnee, M. &#038; Schelakovsky, M. (1998) Umweltpsychologi e und Umweltbildung: eine Einfu \u00a8hrung aus humano\u00a8kologischer Sicht (Wien, Facultas Universita\u00a8ts Verlag)<br \/>\r\n[14]\tHargreaves, I., Lewis, J., and Speers, T. (2003). Towards a better map: Science, the public and the media. ESRC, UK.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tHeimsath, H. (1977). Behavioural architecture: Toward an accountable design process. New York: McGraw-Hill<br \/>\r\n[16]\tHines, J.M., Hungerford, H.R., &#038; Tomera, A.N. (1986). Analysis and Synthesis of Research on Responsible Pro-Environmental Behavior: a Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Environmental Education, 18(2). 1\u2013 8.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tHughes, R.E., &#038; Bargh, B.L. (1982). The weathering of brick: Causes, assessment and measurement. A report of the Joint Agreement between the US Geological Survey and the Illinois State Geological Survey. New York: US Geological Survey.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tKollmuss, A., &#038; Agyeman, J.  (2002). Mind the gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8(3), 239 &#8211; 259.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tLee, T. (1976) Psychology and Environment, Essential Psychology Series, London: MethuenLehmann, J. (1999) Befunde empirischer Forschung zu Umweltbildung und Umweltbewusstsein (Opladen, Leske und Budrich)<br \/>\r\n[20]\tLockton, D., Harrison, D. and Stanton, N.A. (2009). Design for sustainable behaviour: Investigating design methods for influencing behaviour. Paper presented at Sustainable Innovation 09: Towards a Low Carbon Innovation Revolution International Conference, Farnham Castle, UK. 26 &#8211; 27, October.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tMahadam, P.D., &#038; Mane, A.V. (2013). Effect of simulated acidic rain concentrations on selected materials used in construction. Environmental Science: An Indian Journal, 8(10), 396 \u2013 406.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tMorgan, E. (2012). Does design affect behaviour? A case study of Pomona and Sontag Halls. B.Art Thesis, Department of Environmental Analysis, Pomona College, Claremont, California.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tOgah, A.T., Alhassan, M.M., Sangari, D.U. and Magaji, J.I. (2014) \u2018The Influence of Households Size, Level of Education and Income on Waste Generation Rates in Mararraba Area of Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria\u2019. J. of Environmental Sciences and Resource Management, 6(2):51 \u2013 58.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tOladokun, M.G., Motawa, I.A., and Banfill, P.F.G. (2012), \u2018Modelling techniques for capturing the socio-technical aspects of sustainability in post-occupancy stage of buildings\u2019. In: Proceedings of Retrofit 2012 Academic Conference, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, 24th \u2013 26th January.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tSalama, A.M. (2005). A process oriented design pedagogy: KFUPM Somophore Studio. CEBE Transactions, 2(2), 16 \u2013 31.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tSchultz, P.W.  (2002). Knowledge, information and household recycling: examining the knowledge deficit model of behaviour change. In: T. Dietz and P.C. Stern (eds). New tools for environmental protection and voluntary measures. New York: The National Academic Press.<br \/>\r\n[27]\tSersale, R., Frigione, G., &#038; Bonavita, L. (1998). Acid deposition and concrete attack: Main influence. Cement and Research, 28, 19 \u2013 24.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tSorensen, P.A., Kiil, S., Dan-Johansen, K.., &#038; Weinell, C.E. (2009). Anti-Corrosive coatings: A review. Journal of Coating Technology and Research, 6(2), 135-176.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tTolba, M.F. (1983). Earth (Planets). In R. Lamb, P. Allen, &#038; United Nations Environment Programme (eds.) Earth Matters. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme<br \/>\r\n[30]\tUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (2008). Learning about acid rain. Washington, DC, US: United States Environmental Protection Agency<br \/>\r\n[31]\tUkabi, E. (2015). Conserving the Architects\u2019 Jewel in the 21st century. Architectural Research, 5(1), 10-15.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tvan der Linden, S. (2014). Towards a new model for communicating climate change. In S. Cohen, J. Higham, P. Peters and S. Gossling (eds). Understanding and governing sustainable tourism mobility: Psychological and behavioural approaches (pp. 243-275). Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tWorld Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our Future. London: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tWu, D.W. DiGiacono, A. &#038; Kingstone, A. (2013). A Sustainable Building Promotes Pro- Environmental Behaviour:  an Observational Study on Food Disposal\u2019, PLoS ONE, 8 (1)<br \/>\r\n[35]\tZhang, Y., Gu, L., Li, W., &#038; Zhang, Q. (2019). Effect of acid rain on economic loss of concrete structures in Hangzhou, China. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 14, 89 \u2013 94.<br \/>\r\n[36]\tZhang, Y., Fan, Y., &#038; Li, H. (2012). Influence of simulated acid rain corrosion on the uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of concrete. International Journal of Corrosion, 1, 1 \u2013 7. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Peter O. Adewale, Oyebimpe A. Adebiyi &#038; Abimbola A. Adebayo &#8220;Architects\u2019 Perception of Acid Rain: The Need for Reprioritising Design Values in Studio Pedagogy&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.96-102 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/96-102.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/96-102.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/architects-perception-of-acid-rain-the-need-for-reprioritising-design-values-in-studio-pedagogy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Architects\u2019 Perception of Acid Rain: The Need for Reprioritising Design Values in Studio Pedagogy<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc548d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cc548d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc5816 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc5816\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc58bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc58bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc5a19\" data-id=\"5cc5a19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc5b24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc5b24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc5bc9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc5bc9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc5d10\" data-id=\"5cc5d10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc5e20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc5e20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc5ebd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc5ebd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc6020\" data-id=\"5cc6020\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc6129 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc6129\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc61ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc61ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc632f\" data-id=\"5cc632f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc6450 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc6450\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Quality of Academic Services in the Academic Bureau, Students, and Planning of Tadulako Palu University<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Munari, Mahfudz, Sasterio Mansur, Abdul Rivai, Nawawi Natsir &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 103-112<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc64ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc64ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc6654\" data-id=\"5cc6654\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc6782 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cc6782\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to look at the quality of Academic Services at the Academic and Student Affairs Bureau of Tadulako University, Palu. The mechanism and procedures applied to students are still too long, both  mechanism \/ procedure for re-registration\u2019s process of new students and the Graduation service procedure at the Academic Bureau, student affairs and planning at Tadulako University, Palu. The service quality felt by students is not optimal and not as expected, starting from the reliability aspects, assurance, physical evidence, empathy,   low response of services on new student registration and graduation. Supporting Factors that affect the assessment of service quality, namely the availability of services according to SOP, simplicity, assurance of certainty, transparent, safe, fairness, if fulfilled will satisfy satisfactory service quality. On the other hand the inhibiting factor of service quality is if the condition is not fulfilled as the supporting factor.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 103-112 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Munari<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDoctoral Student in Social Sciences and Political Sciences, Postgraduate Tadulako University, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mahfudz<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture,Tadulako University, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sasterio Mansur<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Tadulako University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdul Rivai<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Tadulako University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nawawi Natsir<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Tadulako University<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\nAhmed, Wasim, and Qingyu Zhang. 2020. \u201cGreen Purchase Intention: Effects of Electronic Service Quality and Customer Green Psychology.\u201d Journal of Cleaner Production, May, 122053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122053.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tG\u00fcner, Samet. 2015. \u201cInvestigating Infrastructure, Superstructure, Operating and Financial Efficiency in the Management of Turkish Seaports Using Data Envelopment Analysis.\u201d Transport Policy 40 (May): 36\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tranpol.2015.02.006.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tHazboun, Shawn Olson, Michael Briscoe, Jennifer Givens, and Richard Krannich. 2019. \u201cKeep Quiet on Climate: Assessing Public Response to Seven Renewable Energy Frames in the Western United States.\u201d Energy Research &#038; Social Science 57 (November): 101243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.erss.2019.101243.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tHe, Qing, Junyi Liu, Chang Xue, and Shaojie Zhou. 2019. \u201cBureaucratic Integration and Synchronization of Regional Economic Growth: Evidence from China.\u201d China Economic Review, June, 101310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chieco.2019.101310.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tHermelingmeier, Verena, and Kimberly A. Nicholas. 2017. \u201cIdentifying Five Different Perspectives on the Ecosystem Services Concept Using Q Methodology.\u201d Ecological Economics 136 (June): 255\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2017.01.006.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tJoewono, Tri B., Ari K.M. Tarigan, and Yusak O. Susilo. 2016. \u201cRoad-Based Public Transportation in Urban Areas of Indonesia: What Policies Do Users Expect to Improve the Service Quality?\u201d Transport Policy 49 (July): 114\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tranpol.2016.04.009.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tKonczal, Agata A. 2020. \u201cWhy Can a Forest Not Be Private? A Post-Socialist Perspective on Polish Forestry Paradigms \u2013 an Anthropological Contribution.\u201d Forest Policy and Economics 117 (August): 102206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forpol.2020.102206.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMolderez, Ingrid, and Elsa Fonseca. 2018. \u201cThe Efficacy of Real-World Experiences and Service Learning for Fostering Competences for Sustainable Development in Higher Education.\u201d Journal of Cleaner Production 172 (January): 4397\u20134410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.04.062.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tNshutiyukuri, Claudine, Busisiwe Rosemary Bhengu, and Darius Gishoma. 2020. \u201cAn Assessment of Nurses\u2019 Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Care Related to Road Traffic Accident Victims at Three Selected Hospitals in Rwanda.\u201d African Journal of Emergency Medicine, May, S2211419X20300239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.afjem.2020.03.003.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tOjha, Hemant R. 2006. \u201cTechno-Bureaucratic Doxa and Challenges for Deliberative Governance: The Case of Community Forestry Policy and Practice in Nepal.\u201d Policy and Society 25 (2): 131\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1449-4035(06)70077-7.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tOzdemir, Yasal, Sema Kayapinar Kaya, and Erkan Turhan. 2020. \u201cA Scale to Measure Sustainable Campus Services in Higher Education: \u2018Sustainable Service Quality.\u2019\u201d Journal of Cleaner Production 245 (February): 118839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118839.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tSantoso, M. Iman. 2015. \u201cApplying Interactive Planning on Public Service Leadership in the Directorate General of Immigration Indonesia.\u201d Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences 169 (January): 400\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.01.326.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tSidortsov, Roman. 2014. \u201cReinventing Rules for Environmental Risk Governance in the Energy Sector.\u201d Energy Research &#038; Social Science 1 (March): 171\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.erss.2014.03.013.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tSinkovics, Rudolf R., Yusuf Kurt, and Noemi Sinkovics. 2018. \u201cThe Effect of Matching on Perceived Export Barriers and Performance in an Era of Globalization Discontents: Empirical Evidence from UK SMEs.\u201d International Business Review 27 (5): 1065\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2018.03.007.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tVarughese, Aswathy Rachel, and Indrajit Bairagya. 2020. \u201cGroup-Based Educational Inequalities in India: Have Major Education Policy Interventions Been Effective?\u201d International Journal of Educational Development 73 (March): 102159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2020.102159.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tVergerio, Giulia, Cristina Becchio, Chiara Delmastro, Andrea Lanzini, Stefano P. Corgnati, and Romano Borchiellini. 2018. \u201cA Decision-Making Process to Support Public Administrations in Defining Local Energy Policies.\u201d Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 6 (June): 398\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsep.2018.01.016.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tWinters, Matthew S., Abdul Gaffar Karim, and Berly Martawardaya. 2014. \u201cPublic Service Provision under Conditions of Insufficient Citizen Demand: Insights from the Urban Sanitation Sector in Indonesia.\u201d World Development 60 (August): 31\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.worlddev.2014.03.017.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tZhang, Ruirui, Pei Liu, Chengchuan Zhou, Angelo Amorelli, and Zheng Li. 2016. \u201cConfiguration of Inter-City High-Speed Passenger Transport Infrastructure with Minimal Construction and Operational Energy Consumption: A Superstructure Based Modelling and Optimization Framework.\u201d Computers &#038; Chemical Engineering 93 (October): 87\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2016.06.003.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tZolfaghari, Mehdi, Mahbobe Kabiri, and Hamideh Saadatmanesh. 2020. \u201cImpact of Socio-Economic Infrastructure Investments on Income Inequality in Iran.\u201d Journal of Policy Modeling, February, S0161893820300211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpolmod.2020.02.004.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Munari, Mahfudz, Sasterio Mansur, Abdul Rivai, Nawawi Natsir &#8220;Quality of Academic Services in the Academic Bureau, Students, and Planning of Tadulako Palu University&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.103-112 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/103-112.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/103-112.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/quality-of-academic-services-in-the-academic-bureau-students-and-planning-of-tadulako-palu-university\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Quality of Academic Services in the Academic Bureau, Students, and Planning of Tadulako Palu University<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc7723 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cc7723\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc7b40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc7b40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc7c90\" data-id=\"5cc7c90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc7d9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc7d9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc7e33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc7e33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc7f80\" data-id=\"5cc7f80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc8221 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc8221\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc82f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc82f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc859b\" data-id=\"5cc859b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc87bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc87bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc8877 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc8877\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc8ab8\" data-id=\"5cc8ab8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc8c77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc8c77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc8d31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc8d31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc8eac\" data-id=\"5cc8eac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc8fc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc8fc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc905f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc905f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc91ae\" data-id=\"5cc91ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc92c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc92c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc935f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc935f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc94cd\" data-id=\"5cc94cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc95d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cc95d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Amalgamation in Strengthening Society Social Integration and Harmonization<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Endah Setyo Rini, Sudjarwo, Sugeng Widodo &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 113-119<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cc967c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cc967c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc97e0\" data-id=\"5cc97e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc990b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cc990b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to describe the amalgamation through intermarriage in Lampung Pepadun custom and non-Lampung Pepadun ethnic as seen from the customary rules on intermarriage, causes and social impacts arising from the amalgamation in the Margakaya Village, Pringsewu Sub-District, Pringsewu Regency. This study uses a phenomenological approach as part of qualitative research. The research location is chosen because Margakaya Village is the oldest Lampung Pepadun Village in Pringsewu Regency and many of its residents are married to non-Lampung Pepadun ethnic. The results of the study were (1) in Lampung Pepadun customary rules, there were customary fines for society who do intermarriage (2) usually before the marriage ceremony procession, the ceremony of ngankon was performed firstnamely the appointment ceremony as a child. If the future bride of non-Lampung Pepadun has not been ngankon then it cannot hold a traditional ceremony (3) traditional ceremonies can be performed on kering-keringan, sujud, or sujud terang (4) factors causing the amalgamation in Margakaya Villagesuch as religion, residence, similarity of occupation and economy, and the amount of the fine that does not change. (5) the impact of amalgamation on society social life such as tolerance towards partners, conflicts in society can be suppressed, and the emergence of new generations.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 113-119\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Endah Setyo Rini <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesian<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sudjarwo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesian<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sugeng Widodo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesian<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAmboro,Kian&#038;ArisMunandar, 2015, Potret Keberhasilan Transmigrasi di Provinsi Lampung sebagai Sarana Menumbuh Kembangkan Kesadaran Sejarah\tBerbangsa, dan Bernegara dalam Penguatan NKRI. https:\/\/kianamborohistoryummetro.wordpress.com. DiaksespadahariJumat tanggal 6 Maret 2020 pukul 11.39 WIB.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAnselmu Agung Pramudito. 2017. Merenda Cinta Melintas Budaya hingga Senja Tiba (Studi Literatur tentang Perkawinan Antar Budaya).Jogjakarta :Buletin Psikologi Vol. 25 No 2, 76-88.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBPS.Stastitik Indonesia 2020.Jakarta : BPS-statistic Indonesian<br \/>\r\n[4].\tDesy Miranda, dkk.2019. Pelaksanaan Ngangkon pada Perkawinan Beda Suku Masyarakat Lampung Pepadun KampungTerbanggi Besar. Bandar Lampung : FKIP UNILA<br \/>\r\n[5].\tFatchan. 2009. Metode peneelitian kualitatif. Malang: JenggalaPustaka.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tMeinarno, dkk. 2011. Manusi adalam Kebudayaan dan Masyarakat. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tMuhammad Arif. 2014. Model Kerukunan Sosial pada Masyarakat Multikultural Cina Benteng (Studi Historis dan Sosiologis). Jakarta : FITK UIN Syarif HidayatullahVol  1 No 1, Mei 2014.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tNarwoko, J.Dwi &#038; Bagong Suyanto. Sosiologi Teks Pengantardan Terapan.2011. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tSusanto, S.Astrid. 1985. Pengantar Sosiologi dan Perubahan Sosial . Jakarta: Binacipta.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Endah Setyo Rini, Sudjarwo, Sugeng Widodo &#8220;Amalgamation in Strengthening Society Social Integration and Harmonization&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.113-119 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/113-119.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/113-119.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/amalgamation-in-strengthening-society-social-integration-and-harmonization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amalgamation in Strengthening Society Social Integration and Harmonization<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cca72c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cca72c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cca817 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cca817\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cca987\" data-id=\"5cca987\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccaaac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccaaac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccab4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccab4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccaca3\" data-id=\"5ccaca3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccadb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccadb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccae58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccae58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccafac\" data-id=\"5ccafac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb0b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccb0b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb151 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccb151\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb29f\" data-id=\"5ccb29f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb3ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccb3ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb44a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccb44a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb5a0\" data-id=\"5ccb5a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb6b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccb6b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb753 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccb753\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb89f\" data-id=\"5ccb89f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccb9c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccb9c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccba69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccba69\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccbbd8\" data-id=\"5ccbbd8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccbcef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccbcef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Factors Affecting Credit Management in Microfinance Institutions in Kenya: A Case of \u201cJ B\u201d Bank<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Dr. John Cheluget (MUA), Kaburu Purity Naitore (MUA) &#8211; August 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 120-132<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccbd96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccbd96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccbf18\" data-id=\"5ccbf18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccc058 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ccc058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The core focus of this study was to investigate the factors affecting credit management in microfinance institutions in Kenya. This effect of poor credit and loan performance has led to collapse of financial institutions and poor individual credit rating in Kenya. The main objectives were to find out effects of technical competency, information technology, finance, credit terms and government policy on credit management in microfinance institutions in Kenya. The study covered a population of 125 personnel in \u201cJ B\u201d Bank, Head Office and used stratified random sampling where 50% of the entire target group formed the sample size (62) of the study. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources by means of feedback form and literature analysis correspondingly to get comprehensive facts. The findings were presented using graphs, pie charts, and table diagrams separately subject to the methods used. Based on the findings the study reveals that technical competency affects credit management at a very high rate. Most of the respondents cited that it is significant for the organization to have employees who are trained with IT basic knowledge and leadership skills. Majority of the respondents agreed that credit terms affect credit management in microfinance institutions in Kenya and they rated its effect in microfinance institutions in Kenya. It was found out that finance is very vital in providing smooth flow of services. Based on the findings the study also reveals that government policy affects credit management in microfinance institutions in Kenya at a very high rate. The researcher suggested that the organizations should be in a position to improve the competency of personnel. It was recommended that in the crucial work of private managers involving discretion and advice, as well as policymaking, that the ethical standards of credit management in microfinance institutions assume particular significance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 120-132\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. John Cheluget (MUA) <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Management University of Africa, Kenya           <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kaburu Purity Naitore (MUA) <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Management University of Africa, Kenya           <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAnaloui, P. 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Furlong<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. John Cheluget (MUA), Kaburu Purity Naitore (MUA) &#8220;Factors Affecting Credit Management in Microfinance Institutions in Kenya: A Case of \u201cJ B\u201d Bank&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp. 120-132 August 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/120-132.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/120-132.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/factors-affecting-credit-management-in-microfinance-institutions-in-kenya-a-case-of-j-b-bank\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Factors Affecting Credit Management in Microfinance Institutions in Kenya: A Case of \u201cJ B\u201d Bank<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccce33 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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data-id=\"5ccd239\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccd38c\" data-id=\"5ccd38c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccd49c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccd49c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccd542 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccd542\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccd68d\" data-id=\"5ccd68d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccd797 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccd797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccd82f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccd82f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccd985\" data-id=\"5ccd985\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccda92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccda92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccdb5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccdb5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccdccd\" data-id=\"5ccdccd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccdde2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccdde2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccdea7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccdea7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cce02f\" data-id=\"5cce02f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cce15d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cce15d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Socio-economic Research on Identifying the Major Factors that Affect Women&#8217;s Career Choice in Kesbewa Divisional Secretariat in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>W. T. D. Wijethunga, S.D.Y. Jayarathne &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 133-139<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cce1ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cce1ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cce367\" data-id=\"5cce367\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cce4a4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cce4a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Due to the openness of education and the open economic pattern in the Sri Lankan society, the social status of the woman in the traditional society has changed drastically &#8211; resulting in the woman becoming a homemaker and becoming a professional worker. According to the Central Bank Annual Report, women&#8217;s employment increased from 32-9% in 2012 to 35-6% in 2013 &#8211; the most significant increase in employment for women is the increasing number of women seeking employment Moving. In the past, women turned to the occupational and apparel sector, and are now turning to outside careers such as administrative services, nursing, teaching and medical, and law especially in the health sector, where nursing was the top female employer. Today in the medical field. In 2008, the number was 131, compared to 176 in 2009. The number of engineers, which fell from 9% in 1985 to 12% in 2008, has increased to 14% in 2009 &#8211; in the case of the Administration Division The total number of women employed in the legal sector was 270 in 2009, compared to 248 in 2008. Accordingly, the main research problem of this research was to find out what are the factors that contribute to the creation of a career choice.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 133-139\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>W. T. D. Wijethunga<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Department of Anthropology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S.D.Y. Jayarathne<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Department of Anthropology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]\tJayaweera&#8221; Swarna\u00a6  Gunavardana&#8221; Chandra\u00a6  Edirisinha&#8221; Indika  (2008)\u00a6 Beyond the Glass Selling \u00fearticepation in Decision Making in the Public Domain\u00a6 CENWOR Colombo 08\u00a1<br \/>\r\n[2]\tJayaweera&#8221; Swarna   (2011)\u00a6 CEDAW Commitments A Progress Review\u00a6 Center for Women Research\u00a6 Colombo 05\u00a1<br \/>\r\n[3]\tLabour Marcket Information Bulleting (vol 02\/11) (2012) December\u00a6 Ministry of Youth Affairs &#038; Skills Develoment\u00a1<br \/>\r\n[4]\tStatistical Pocket Book (2006); Department of Census &#038; Statistics ;Colombo<br \/>\r\n[5]\tStatistical Pocket Book (2011); Department of Census &#038; Statistics; Colombo\u00a1<br \/>\r\n[6]\tStromberg&#8221; Ann\u00a1 H (1978)\u00a6 Women Work &#038; The Labour Force\u00a6 Mayfield Publishing Company\u00a6 New York<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">W. T. D. Wijethunga, S.D.Y. Jayarathne &#8220;Socio-economic Research on Identifying the Major Factors that Affect Women&#8217;s Career Choice in Kesbewa Divisional Secretariat in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.133-139 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/133-139.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/133-139.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/socio-economic-research-on-identifying-the-major-factors-that-affect-womens-career-choice-in-kesbewa-divisional-secretariat-in-the-colombo-district-sri-lanka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Socio-economic Research on Identifying the Major Factors that Affect Women&#8217;s Career Choice in Kesbewa Divisional Secretariat in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccf30e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ccf30e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccf3fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccf3fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccf57a\" data-id=\"5ccf57a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccf69d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccf69d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccf73d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccf73d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccf894\" data-id=\"5ccf894\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccf9a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccf9a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccfa67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccfa67\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccfbb7\" data-id=\"5ccfbb7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccfcce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccfcce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ccfd69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ccfd69\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ccfedc\" data-id=\"5ccfedc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccfff1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccfff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd0090 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd0090\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd01de\" data-id=\"5cd01de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd02e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd02e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd037e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd037e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd04cb\" data-id=\"5cd04cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd05d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd05d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd0670 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd0670\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd07bf\" data-id=\"5cd07bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd08c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd08c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd0976 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd0976\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd0aef\" data-id=\"5cd0aef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd0c14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd0c14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sustainability of Donor Funded Projects in Public Hospitals in Kenya: A Case of HIV\/Aids Projects at \u201cN\u201d County Referral Hospital<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. John Cheluget (MUA), Ngari Caroline Wamuyu (MUA) &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 140-150<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd0cb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd0cb3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd0e41\" data-id=\"5cd0e41\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd0f9c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cd0f9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The research project sought to investigate factors influencing sustainability of donor funded projects in public hospitals in Kenya; a case of HIV\/AIDS projects at \u201cN\u201d County Referral Hospital. Project sustainability is one of the most critical challenges for all grassroots, national and international development agencies. The study objective was to evaluate how leadership, funds, capacity building, and stakeholder\u2019s involvement can influence the sustainability of donor funded projects in public hospitals. The study provided an in-depth literature review and analysis based on the research objectives, identification of the theories applicable to this study, and the conceptual framework. The target population for this study was 137 employees from the HIV\/AIDS projects funded at \u201cN\u201d County Referral Hospital. A census of 137 respondents was done since the target population was relatively small and therefore the need for sampling from it was overlooked. The researcher obtained a permit from National Council for Science and Technology based on authorization letter from The Management University of Africa. The researcher paid a visit to the area of study and made appointments with the target population where data was collected. A pilot survey was done before conducting the main data collection exercise and the reliability and consistency of the research instrument was assessed using the Cronbach Alpha scores obtained from the pilot study respondents. The study relied on primary data where questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was then analysed using descriptive analysis such as descriptive statistics mean scores and standard deviations, frequencies distributions, and percentages. The relationship between the dependent and independent variables were assessed using linear regression. The findings of the study established that source of funds and stakeholder involvement significantly influenced project sustainability. Further, the study found that capacity building, leadership and government policy did not significantly influenced project sustainability. When all the variables were regressed collectively a model was generated that was fit for prediction of project sustainability. The study therefore reached a conclusion that involving stakeholders at all stages of the process and ensuring adequate funds are available for the project contributes greatly to the success of the project. The study recommends that an evaluation of capacity building and training needs assessment should be conducted in both rural and urban hospital settings in Kenya and an evaluation of the impact of leadership on the project sustainability should be evaluated within a wider geographical scope.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 140-150\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. John Cheluget (MUA)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Management University of Africa, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ngari Caroline Wamuyu (MUA)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Management University of Africa, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]\tAbrams (1998), Understanding sustainability of local water services<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAhmed, R., Tahir, M., &#038; Azmi bin Mohamad, N. 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Understanding Interpersonal Communication. US: Scott Freeman and Co.<br \/>\r\n[68]\tWillard, R. (2009). The Sustainability Champion&#8217;s Guidebook: How to Transform Your Company. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[69]\tWilliams, C. J. (2012). Euro crisis imperils recovering global economy. OECD Warns.<br \/>\r\n[70]\tWorld Bank. (2013). Kenya &#8211; Health Sector Support Project: restructuring and additional financing. Washington DC; World Bank.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. John Cheluget (MUA), Ngari Caroline Wamuyu (MUA) &#8220;Sustainability of Donor Funded Projects in Public Hospitals in Kenya: A Case of HIV\/Aids Projects at \u201cN\u201d County Referral Hospital&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.140-150 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/140-150.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/140-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sustainability-of-donor-funded-projects-in-public-hospitals-in-kenya-a-case-of-hiv-aids-projects-at-n-county-referral-hospital\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sustainability of Donor Funded Projects in Public Hospitals in Kenya: A Case of HIV\/Aids Projects at \u201cN\u201d County Referral Hospital<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd1de2 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd1ec3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2043\" data-id=\"5cd2043\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2167 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd2167\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2207 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd2207\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd235c\" data-id=\"5cd235c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2463 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd2463\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2506 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd2506\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd264b\" data-id=\"5cd264b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2759 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd2759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd27f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd27f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd294b\" data-id=\"5cd294b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2a54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd2a54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2af4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd2af4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2c4e\" data-id=\"5cd2c4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2d63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd2d63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Competencies of Public Primary School Head Teachers in the Management of School Nutrition and Meals Programme at the ECDE Centres in Bungoma South Sub-County<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Claartje Nekoye Wakhungu, Onex David Opati &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 151-155<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2dfe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd2dfe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2f62\" data-id=\"5cd2f62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd3082 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cd3082\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Provision of essential nutrition, shelter, and health care for children is enshrined in the Kenyan constitution. Notwithstanding the efforts by the government to improve the livelihoods of its citizens, under-nutrition remains prevalent among children under the age of 5years which has made the children prone to early childhood diseases that impede academic achievement and sometimes lead to premature death. As the pivots around which all school activities revolve, head teachers are responsible for the management of school nutrition and meals programme of children at school. The main purpose of the study was to analyse the core competencies of public primary school head teachers regarding the management of school nutrition and meals programme at the ECDE Centres. The respondents in the study included one head teacher and one ECDE teacher from a randomly selected sample size of 73 schools. Key informants were selected purposively.  The data collection strategy involved the use of structured questionnaires and interview schedules. The results indicated that 32.9% of the ECDE teachers claimed that head teachers supervised the school nutrition and meals programme at the ECDE centres, while 67.1% alleged that head teachers rarely managed the programme. Notably, 9.6% of the head teachers agreed that they had basic knowledge of the existing government policies concerning school nutrition and meals programme, while 90.4% of them did not have basic knowledge on the same. Furthermore, the study revealed that lack of effective evaluation and monitoring mechanism and inadequate funding was the primary challenge to the implementation and sustenance of the programme. The study recommends adequate support from the government through the provision of funds sufficient to support the school nutrition and meals programme. The government should empower the school head teachers through training programmes regarding existing policy documents that will enable them to manage the health and nutrition in schools effectively.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 151-155\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Claartje Nekoye Wakhungu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nKibabii University, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 1699-50200, Bungoma, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onex David Opati<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nKibabii University, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 1699-50200, Bungoma, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAkoth, M.S. (2017) Effects of Nutrition on Performance of Children in Number Work Activities in Pre-schools in Moiben Constituency in Uasin Gishu County. Master project submitted to University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tChakraborty, T., &#038; Jayaraman, R. (2019). School feeding and learning achievement: Evidence from India&#8217;s midday meal program. Journal of Development Economics, 139, 249-265. doi:10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2018.10.011<br \/>\r\n[3]\tGavarapu, R.M. (2014). Community Nutrition in community Settings: A Case study of critical \tExamination of Institutional Approaches .Andhra Pradesh: SAGE publisher.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tWakhu, F.W., John B.W., &#038; Amos K.R (2018). Impact of the School Feeding Programs: A Case \tof Mateka Early Childhood Development Centre, Bungoma County. Journal of African \tStudies in Educational Management and Leadership. Vol 9, 20-53<br \/>\r\n[5]\tHendricks, M. &#038; Bourre.L. (2014). An integrated approach to malnutrition in childhood. Cape \tTown. University of Cape Town.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tIddrisu, I. (2018). Improving school feeding through participation: should the teacher be actively involved? International Journal of Educational Management, 32(1), 141-154. doi:10.1108\/ijem-01-2017-0013<br \/>\r\n[7]\tMawela, A., &#038; Van den Berg, G. (2018). Management of school nutrition programmes to improve environmental justice in schools: a South African case study. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1-6. doi:10.1080\/16070658.2018.1507208<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMunuhe B.W (2014) Challenges facing School Feeding Programmes in Isinya Division, Kajiado County. Master project submitted to University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tOlivier, E. &#038; Marc, N.(2012). Nutrition policy in developing countries: Challenges. New York: United Nations Children Fund.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tRonoh, A. K., Mercy Were, G., Wakhu-Wamunga, F., &#038; Wamunga, J. B. (2017). Food Consumption Patterns among Pre-School Children 3 &#8211; 5 Years Old in Mateka, Western Kenya. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 08(08), 801-811. doi:10.4236\/fns.2017.88057<br \/>\r\n[11]\tTaylor, A. D., &#038; Ogbogu, C. O. (2016). The Effects of School Feeding Programme on Enrolment and Performance of Public Elementary School Pupils in Osun State, Nigeria. World Journal of Education, 6(3). doi:10.5430\/wje.v6n3p39<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Claartje Nekoye Wakhungu, Onex David Opati &#8220;Competencies of Public Primary School Head Teachers in the Management of School Nutrition and Meals Programme at the ECDE Centres in Bungoma South Sub-County&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.151-155 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/151-155.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/151-155.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/competencies-of-public-primary-school-head-teachers-in-the-management-of-school-nutrition-and-meals-programme-at-the-ecde-centres-in-bungoma-south-sub-county\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Competencies of Public Primary School Head Teachers in the Management of School Nutrition and Meals Programme at the ECDE Centres in Bungoma South Sub-County<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd3e70 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cd3e70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd45e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd45e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd4743\" data-id=\"5cd4743\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd485b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd485b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd48f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd48f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd4a48\" data-id=\"5cd4a48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd4b52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd4b52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd4bf3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd4bf3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd4d37\" data-id=\"5cd4d37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd4e44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd4e44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd4ee2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd4ee2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd504f\" data-id=\"5cd504f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd5156 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd5156\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of Library in the Use of Mobile Phone for People Living With HIV (PLHIV)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Farida Sani Stores, Karimatu Isa Maisango- August 2020 Page No.: 156-159<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd51fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd51fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd5364\" data-id=\"5cd5364\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd5490 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cd5490\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">HIV is the worlds\u2019 most disturbing epidemic especially in developing country like Nigeria. Hence the world wants to reduce the spread of the epidemic by the year 2030. To be able to achieve the worlds\u2019 sustainable development goals (SDG) HIV prevention, treatment and care messages would be essential. The paper looks at the role of libraries in encouraging the use of mobile phone to communicate HIV information for the treatment and control of the disease through social media platforms. The PLHIV needs to be encouraged to use mobile phone as a means of disseminating HIV information. Use of mobile phone may be a reliable means of accessing HIV information as one can receive information from far and wide. More through the use of mobile phone technology new ideas are able to emerge to meet the health need of People Living with HIV. The paper concludes by highlighting the challenges of using mobile phone and some recommendations were given.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 156-159\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Farida Sani Stores<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Agricultural Produce Technology, Kano<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Karimatu Isa Maisango<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nYusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tCatalani, Philbrick and Israelski (2013). mHealth for treatment and prevention: A systematic review of the literature. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nhi.gov>pubmedDe tolly, K,<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAlexander, H. (2009).  Innovative use of cellphone technology for HIV\/AIDS behavior change communications: 3 pilot projects. Retrieved from  http:\/\/www.w3org>papers>kdetolly.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tGelmon, L. (2017).  HIV\/AIDS in the world: Epidemiology and issues. Retrieved from http:\/\/medicine.usask.ca>alumni>Hig.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tHaberer, J. E, Kiwanuka, J and Bansberg D. R. (2010) Challenges in using mobile phone for collection of antiretroviral theraphyadherence data in a resource limited setting. Journal of AIDS and Behavior (14)6. Dio:10.1007\/s1046-0109720-1<br \/>\r\n[5].\tMiakotko, L (2015). The Impact of smartphones and mobile devices on human health and life. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nyu.edu>woe>miakotkol.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tNicole, D. S, Arletha, W. L, Andrew, P, Gale, D. A, Elliot, R. S (2016). Enhancing the capacity of community organization to evaluate HIV\/AIDS information outreach: Apilot experiment in expert consultation. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.gov>articles.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tQuist, S.C &#038; Quarshie, H. S. (2016). The use of mobile phone among undergraduate students: a case in Ghana. South America Journal of Academic Research. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/303723828.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tStores, F. S. (2017) Information Need and Seeking Behaviour of Diploma Students of Federal College of Agricultural Produce Technology, Kano.  An  International  Multi- disciplinary Journal Ethiopia, 11 (2),  223-236<br \/>\r\n[9].\tThumbi, C. M (2017).  A mobile application for HIV education and stigma level measure: a case    of Nairobi.  (Online masters\u2019 thesis), University of Strathmore.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tTechopobia: mobile phone (2018).  Retrieved from &#8220;http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org>wiki>mobile&#8221;.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Farida Sani Stores, Karimatu Isa Maisango, &#8220;The Role of Library in the Use of Mobile Phone for People Living With HIV (PLHIV)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.156-159 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/156-159.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/156-159.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-library-in-the-use-of-mobile-phone-for-people-living-with-hiv-plhiv\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Role of Library in the Use of Mobile Phone for People Living With HIV (PLHIV)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd62a4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cd62a4\" 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elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd6ce5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd6e3b\" data-id=\"5cd6e3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd6f4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd6f4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd6fe5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd6fe5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd712e\" data-id=\"5cd712e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd7235 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd7235\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd72cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd72cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd7428\" data-id=\"5cd7428\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd753b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd753b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Motorcycle (Bodaboda) Business on Pupils\u2019 Drop-Out in Public Primary Schools in Rangwe Sub County, Homa-Bay County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Joseph Kipkoech Keino, Lewis Ngesu, Christine Kahigi &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 160-165<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd75d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd75d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd7747\" data-id=\"5cd7747\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd786d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cd786d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of the study was to explore the influence of motorcycle (bodaboda) business on pupils\u2019 dropout rates in primary education in Rangwe Sub County in Homa Bay County. The study examined the influence of gender related issues, mode of transport, socio-economic factors and school location on pupils\u2019 dropout rates in primary education. The study was based on Tinto\u2019s Model of student retention. The research adopted a descriptive survey design with a target population comprising of 120 public primary schools, 120 head teachers, 428 teachers\u2019 and 8277 class six, seven and eight pupils\u2019 as well as 600 boda boda operators. Stratified random sampling was used to arrive at schools to participate in the study by dividing the target population of schools into six strata on the basis of the six zones in l Rangwe Sub County. Census sampling approach was used to sample head teachers\u2019 in the sampled schools, while random sampling was used to sample teachers\u2019 and pupil\u2019s from the selected schools. Therefore, the total sample of the study comprised of 12 head teachers, 43 teachers\u2019 828 pupils\u2019 and 60 boda boda operators. The researcher used questionnaires to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The study established that gender related issues and use of motorcycle transport had a significant effect on pupils\u2019 dropout rates in primary schools. Further, the study established that most parents were unable to raise adequate funds to pay school levies for their children. It was also established that the distance from home to school, mode of transport, lack of money and insecurity had a bearing on students\u2019 dropout in primary schools. The study recommends among others that the school administration and other stakeholders should come up with programs and forums to enlighten parents on the importance of pupils\u2019 education. A study should be carried out to find out the possible policies that can be put in place to improve the completion rates of pupils in primary schools in Kenya.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 160-165\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Kipkoech Keino<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lewis Ngesu<\/strong><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Christine Kahigi<\/strong><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdogu, O. U. (2006). Codes among commercial motorcycle riders in Nigerian. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 13(4), 297.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAl-Hasan, A. Z., Momoh, S. &#038; Eboreime, L. (2015) Urban poverty and informal motorcycle transport services in a Nigerian intermediate settlement: a synthesis of operative motives and satisfaction, Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 3 (1), 1-18.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAmadi, E. C. (2013). Socio-cultural factors on the girl-child education in Secondary Schools in Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing. International Journal of Education, Learning and Development, 1 (1), 71-74.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAnanga, E. (2011). Typology of school dropout: The dimensions and dynamics of dropout in Ghana. International Journal of Educational Development, (31) 374-381.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tBuser, T., Noemi, P., &#038; Wolter, S. (2017). Gender, Competitiveness, and Study Choices in High School: Evidence from Switzerland. American Economic Review. 107. 125-130.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tEbonugwo, M. (2009). Okada; not Lucrative business any more in Okonkwo, E.C, Emehute, V. C and Nwosu A.C (eds) The Okada phenomenon: effects on agricultural and Rural development. Proceeding of the 44th Annual Conference of Agricultural society of Nigeria pp 278- 279.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tGrant, M.J., &#038; Hallman, K. (2006). Pregnancy-related school dropout and prior school performance in South Africa. DOI:10.31899\/pgy2.1042.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tHowe J., &#038; Maunder D. A. C., (2004). Boda boda \u2013 lessons from East Africa&#8217;s growing NMT industry. 10th World Conference on Transport Research, Istanbul, 4-8 July 2004, p. 10.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tJoas, H. (1987). Contemporary sociological thinkers and theories. Social Forces, 65 (3),  891\u2013892.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tKhisty, C.J. (1993). Nonmotorized transportation research and issues: A new approach to spacial analysis of motorcycle taxis activities Transportation Research Board, p. 44-49.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tKisaalita, W., &#038; Sentongo-Kibalama, J. (2007). Delivery of urban transport in developing countries: the case for the motorcycle taxi service (boda boda) \toperators of Kampala. Development Southern Africa, 24(2), 345-357.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tKumar, A. (2011). Understanding the role of motorcycles in African cities:  A political economy perspective. Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program. SSATP discussion paper No 13 (urban transport series).<br \/>\r\n[13]\tKurdaningsih, S., Sudargo, T. &#038; Lusmilasari, L. (2017). Physical activity and sedentary lifestyle towards teenagers&#8217; overweight\/obesity status. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 630-635.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tLombard J., &#038; Ninot O., (2010). Connecting and integrating: territories and transport changes in Africa. Bulletin of the Association of French Geographers, 1, p. 69-86.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tMbonji, (1988). The Socio-cultural impact of the introduction of Motorbike.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tMbugua, C. (2011). The effects of the motorcycle transport revolution on the economic growth of Kenya: A case of Thika. MA online published thesis.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tNandwoli, F.W.N. (2014). Factors influencing motorcycle transport on creation of employment opportunities in Kenya; a case of Bungoma south sub county, Bungoma county. Unpublished M. E.d Thesis, University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tO&#8217;Hara, P. A. (2003). Deep recession and financial instability or a new long wave of \teconomic growth for US capitalism? A regulation school approach. Review of \tRadical Political Economics, 35(1), 18-43.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tOladipo, O. (2012). The development and impact of motorcycles as means of commercial transportation in Nigeria. Res. Humanit. Soc. Sci.. 2.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tOyesiku, O.K. (2002) Policy framework for urban motorcycle public transport system in Nigerian cities. In: Godard, X. &#038; Innocent, F., Eds., Urban mobility for all, A. A., Lisse, Balkema, 255-261.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tPhun, V. K., Masui, R., &#038; Yai, T. (2018). Operational characteristics of paratransit services with ride-hailing apps in Asian developing cities: The Phnom Penh case. Journal of Transportation Technologies, 8, 291-311.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tRoschanski, H. (2007). Deprived children and education in Ethiopia. International Research on Working Children.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tRussell, R. (2001), &#8220;The role of values in servant leadership&#8221;, Leadership &#038; Organization Development Journal, 22 (2), 76-84.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tSabates, R., Akyeampong, K., Westbrook, J. &#038; Hunt, F. (2010) School dropout: Patterns, causes, changes and policies. Unset. UNESCO.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tSchipper, L. (2009). Fuel economy, vehicle use and other factors affecting CO2 emissions from transport. Energy Policy. 37. 3711-3713.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tTechsci (2016). TechSci Research analyses the worldwide market for plastic additives, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0306-3747(19)30030-2<br \/>\r\n[27]\tTinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition, (2nd Ed.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tTossou C. A., (1993). Cotonou urban motorbikes: safety and the environment. In: Proceedings of Codatu Urban Transport in Developing Countries, Tunis, 15-19 Feb. 1993, p. 45-55.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tWorld Bank (2005). Reshaping the future. World Bank Education Project.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joseph Kipkoech Keino, Lewis Ngesu, Christine Kahigi &#8220;Influence of Motorcycle (Bodaboda) Business on Pupils\u2019 Drop-Out in Public Primary Schools in Rangwe Sub County, Homa-Bay County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.160-165 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/160-165.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/160-165.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-motorcycle-bodaboda-business-on-pupils-drop-out-in-public-primary-schools-in-rangwe-sub-county-homa-bay-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of Motorcycle (Bodaboda) Business on Pupils\u2019 Drop-Out in Public Primary Schools in Rangwe Sub County, Homa-Bay County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd8629 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cd8629\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd8711 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd8711\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd8885\" data-id=\"5cd8885\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd899b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd899b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd8a3b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd8a3b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd8b90\" data-id=\"5cd8b90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd8cb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd8cb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd8d54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd8d54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd8ea4\" data-id=\"5cd8ea4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd8fab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd8fab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd905b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd905b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd91a1\" data-id=\"5cd91a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd92a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd92a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd9341 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd9341\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd949e\" data-id=\"5cd949e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd95a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd95a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Governce Challanges Affecting the Implementation of Devolved Governance System in Kenya. The Case of Mandera County<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mohamed Ahmed Dagane, Dr George Maroko &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 166-182<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cd9643 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cd9643\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd979a\" data-id=\"5cd979a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd98c0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cd98c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The devolved governance is a system of political power sharing between the national government and state or county governments. The system allocates development responsibilities to devolved governments with funding while the national government takes over certain functions which cover the needs of all devolved units under a central system in the whole country. The purpose of this study was to assess challenges facing the implementation of devolved governance system in Kenya with special reference to Mandera County. The specific objectives of the study were  : to examine the effect of funding on the implementation of devolved governance system in Mandera County : to assess  the extent to which revenue collection affect the implementation of devolved governance system in Mandera County: to examine the effect of accountability on the implementation of devolved governance system in Mandera County: to analyze  how equitable resource distribution influence the implementation of devolved governance system in Mandera County. This study used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. It was conducted in Mandera County. The target population was 260 drawn from County Government officials and national government officials. Purposive   sampling technique was used in the study. A sample size of 210 was employed to conduct the study. Data was collected through questionnaires and and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS tool while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis  methods and NVIVO . The analyzed data was presented using tables, charts and figures, diagrams and reports. Ethical factors were considered and respected during the study.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 166-182\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> <span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohamed Ahmed Dagane <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr George Maroko <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">References are not available.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mohamed Ahmed Dagane, Dr George Maroko &#8220;Governce Challanges Affecting the Implementation of Devolved Governance System in Kenya. The Case of Mandera County&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.166-182 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/166-182.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/166-182.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/governce-challanges-affecting-the-implementation-of-devolved-governance-system-in-kenya-the-case-of-mandera-county\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Governce Challanges Affecting the Implementation of Devolved Governance System in Kenya. The Case of Mandera County<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cda630 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cda630\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cda70a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cda70a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cda881\" data-id=\"5cda881\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cda99c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cda99c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdaa45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdaa45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdab9d\" data-id=\"5cdab9d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdacaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cdacaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdad47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdad47\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdae91\" data-id=\"5cdae91\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdaf98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cdaf98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdb033 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdb033\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdb17e\" data-id=\"5cdb17e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdb284 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cdb284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdb31b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdb31b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdb478\" data-id=\"5cdb478\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdb586 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cdb586\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of Telenovelas on the Social Life of the Youth of Tamale Metropolis of Ghana<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Paul Achonga Kabah Kwode, John Stephen Agbenyo, Dr. Adam Bawa Yussif &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 183-189<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdb61e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdb61e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdb78b\" data-id=\"5cdb78b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdb8b2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cdb8b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Telenovelas are gradually making their way into every home with their melodramatic style of arresting the taste and fulfilling a great vacuum in the viewing pleasure of the youth of Tamale metropolis of Ghana. This paper adopted a purposive qualitative study to investigate the influence of telenovelas in the social life of the youth of Tamale. It discovered that some of the youth have adapted new identities and personalities out of the telenovelas they watch. The youth tend to cultivate some habits exhibited in the telenovelas they watch which is alien to the culture and people of the metropolis.  This study recommends formulation and systematic implementation of indigenous policies that will arrest the zeal and craze for foreign telenovelas in Ghana. The government must take particular interest in programmes broadcast on the numerous television channels across the country to ensure that they are consistent with our national goals and aspirations as a people.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 183-189\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Paul Achonga Kabah Kwode <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Media and Communication Studies Department, Tamale Technical University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>John Stephen Agbenyo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Social Science, St. Paul\u2019s University, Limuru-Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Adam Bawa Yussif <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSenior Lecturer, Media and Communication Studies Department, Tamale Technical University <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdia, E., A. (2014). Programme Element Importance: An Analysis of Telenovelas in the Ghanaian Media. International Journal of ICT and Management.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAsiamah, E., O. &#038; Ofori-Birikorang (2018). An Ethnographic Study of Audience Viewing of the Telenovela-Kumkum Bhagya at Selected Sites in Ghana. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 8, No. 6.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tBaran and Davis (2010). Mass Communication Theory: Foundations, Ferment and Future. (6th Ed.).WADSWORTH.CENGAGE. Learning<br \/>\r\n[4]\tCampbell, R., Martin, C., R. &#038; Fabos, B. (2007). Media &#038; Culture: An Introduction to Mass Communication (5th Ed.). Boston, New York.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tDominick, J., R. (2013). The Dynamics of Mass Communication: Media in Transition (12th Ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tDonkor, M., E. (2013). Teenagers. Television Serials and Reality: A Study of Madina (Ghana). Unpublished Masters thesis, University of Ghana.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tFolarin, B. (2005). Theories of Mass Communication: An Introductory Text (3rd  ed.). Ibadan: Bakinfol Publications.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tGhana Statistical Service (2014). 2010 Population &#038; Housing Census-District Analytical Report, Tamale Metropolis.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tJedlowski, A. &#038; Rego, C. (2018). Latin American Telenovelas and African Screen Media: From Reception to Production. Journal of African Cultural Studies.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tLule, J. (2014). Understanding Media and Culture: An Introduction to Mass Communication. Flat World Knowledge, Inc. Washington, DC.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tMante, G., A. (2016). Content Localisation and Viewers Needs Gratification: A Study of \u201cKumkum Bhagya\u201d Viewers. Unpublished Masters thesis, University of Ghana.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tOfori-Birikorang, A. (2014). Television Viewing in Public Places: Identity Construction and Evolving Urban Spaces in Metropolises in Ghana. African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. Vol. 7, pp 17-27.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tSinghal, A., Rogers, E., M., &#038; Brown, W., J. (1993). Entertainment Telenovelas for Development: Lessons Learned.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tTindi, S., &#038; Ayiku, C., N., A. (2018). Local Reception of Global Media Texts: Telenovelas As Sites of Cultural Mixture in Ghana. Legon Journal of the Humanities 29.1.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tTufte, T. (2003). Telenovelas, Culture and Social Change \u2013 From Polisemy, Pleasure and Resistance to Strategic Communication and Social Development. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Paul Achonga Kabah Kwode, John Stephen Agbenyo, Dr. Adam Bawa Yussif, &#8220;The Influence of Telenovelas on the Social Life of the Youth of Tamale Metropolis of Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.183-189 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/183-189.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/183-189.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-telenovelas-on-the-social-life-of-the-youth-of-tamale-metropolis-of-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Influence of Telenovelas on the Social Life of the Youth of Tamale Metropolis of Ghana<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdc654 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cdc654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdc739 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdc739\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdc8a6\" data-id=\"5cdc8a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdc9c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cdc9c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdca5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdca5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdcbb4\" data-id=\"5cdcbb4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdccbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cdccbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdcd5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdcd5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdceca\" data-id=\"5cdceca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdcfd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cdcfd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Strategic Human Resources Management in Organizations: A Logical Exploration of the Nature, Process and Rationales<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Asadu. Ikechukwu, Ph.D, Onah, Celestine Chijioke, Obi, Deborah. O &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 190-202<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdd079 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdd079\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdd206\" data-id=\"5cdd206\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdd351 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cdd351\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Increasing changes stemming from globalization, information and communication technology, scarce resources and competitions have attracted the attention of many scholars in strategic human resources management. Human resources play pivotal roles in effective and efficient functioning of organizations. In the face of growing competition among organizations over limited resources and market, organizations can only gain competitive advantage via strategic management. Thus, the strategic roles of human resource management in the long term viability of any profit or nonprofit making organization cannot be under scored. The study systematically examined the nature, process and rationales for strategic human resources management in organizations. The methodology of the study is qualitative and descriptive. Relevant materials on strategic human resources management were generated through secondary and primary sources and subjected to contextual-descriptive analysis. The study shows, among others, that strategic human resources management is a source of competitive advantage strength for organizations and has considerable impacts on the bottom-line of the employees and organization performance. It is a core managerial role which is at the centre of organizations\u2019 key to success since it ensures that the organization remains competitive and has comparative advantage over its competitors in the market. Hence, the study advocates the institutionalization of strategic management of human resources in organizations to enhance competitive advantage, productivity, quality and service delivery.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 190-202\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asadu. Ikechukwu, Ph.D<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration and Local Government, University of Nigeria, Nsukka<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onah, Celestine Chijioke<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSocial Science Units, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obi, Deborah. O<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSocial Science Units, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p>[1]\tAswathappa, K. (2002). Human resource and personnel management, text and cases (3rd edition). New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company limited.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tArgris, C. and Schon, D .(1978). Organizational learning, reading. M.A: Addison Wesley<br \/>\r\n[3]\tArmstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press<br \/>\r\n[4]\tArmstrong, M. (2006). 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New York: The free press<br \/>\r\n[53]\tPeters, G. (2000). Institutional Theory: problems and prospects. Vienna: Institute of Advanced Studies.<br \/>\r\n[54]\tPeter, T. J. and Waterman; R. H. (1982). In search of excellence. New York: Harper and Row.<br \/>\r\n[55]\tRao, P.S. and Kumar, P. V. (2014). Personnel and human resource management (5th edition). Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House<br \/>\r\n[56]\tRogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations .New York: Free Press<br \/>\r\n[57]\tRicardo, D. (1891). Principles of political economy and taxation. London: G. Bell<br \/>\r\n[58]\tRobbins, S. (1990). Organization theory: structure, design and applications. Engle wood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.<br \/>\r\n[59]\tRobert, B. (1991). Economic growth in crisis section countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106 (2), 402 \u2013 414<br \/>\r\n[60]\tStorey, J. (2001). Human resources management today: An assessment. In J. Story (ed) Human Resource Management: A critical text (2nd edition). 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The Economist, 146 (1), 23 \u2013 58<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Asadu. Ikechukwu, Ph.D, Onah, Celestine Chijioke, Obi, Deborah. O &#8220;Strategic Human Resources Management in Organizations: A Logical Exploration of the Nature, Process and Rationales&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.190-202 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/190-202.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/strategic-human-resources-management-in-organizations-a-logical-exploration-of-the-nature-process-and-rationales\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Strategic Human Resources Management in Organizations: A Logical Exploration of the Nature, Process and Rationales<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cde15d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cde15d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cde4db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cde4db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cde57f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cde57f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cde6ed\" data-id=\"5cde6ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cde7f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cde7f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cde899 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cde899\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cde9ea\" data-id=\"5cde9ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdeaf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cdeaf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdeb94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdeb94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdecdf\" data-id=\"5cdecdf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdede6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cdede6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation of Financial Reporting \u201cFair Presentation\u201d Conceptual Objective of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) in Africa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Zivanai Mazhambe- August 2020 Page No.: 203-205<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cdee8c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cdee8c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cdefe6\" data-id=\"5cdefe6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdf105 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cdf105\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">General purpose financial statements issued in compliance with the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) are determinative and useful for decision making by all stakeholders. This scientific study purpose is to evaluate the financial reporting conceptual objective of IPSAS \u2018fair presentation\u2019 in Africa. The study methodology adopted is mixed research methodology, through questionnaires and interviews on PAFA accountants in public sector practice across Africa. The findings revealed that the IPSAS financial reporting conceptual objective of \u2018fair presentation\u2019 is attainable with consistent application of professional judgments, taking into accounting the requisite accounting principles. Fair presentation is technically compounded for the average professional to apply, and requiring a lot of additional guidance over a prolonged period of time for the preparer of the financial reports to comply with all IPSASs in the process of complying with the conceptual qualitative characteristics of relevance and reliability.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 203-205\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zivanai Mazhambe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFinance and Accounting Department, University of Zimbabwe<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAlexander D and Nobes C (2010): Financial accounting. An International introduction. ft Prentice Hall. Pearson Education. ISBN:978-0-273-72164-2<br \/>\r\n[2].\tIFRS Foundation (2015): International Financial Reporting Standards<br \/>\r\n[3].\tIPSAS 1: Presentation of financial statements<br \/>\r\n[4].\tMazhambe, Z (2014): Book \u2013 The compromise of IASB\u2019s Conceptual Framework and IFRSs, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-57452-8<br \/>\r\n[5].\tMazhambe, Z (2014b): Book -Doctoral (PhD) Proposal Writing, CompletelyNovel, ISBN- 13: 978-1849145909, ISBN-10: 1849145903<br \/>\r\n[6].\tZivanai Mazhambe. (2020). Evaluating The International Public Sector Accounting Standards (Ipsass) Cash And Accrual Based Accounting Application Technical Differences In Africa. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3747544<br \/>\r\n[7].\tIAS 1 (2007): International Accounting Standard (IAS 1), Presentation of financial statements<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Zivanai Mazhambe &#8220;Evaluation of Financial Reporting \u201cFair Presentation\u201d Conceptual Objective of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) in Africa&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.203-205 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/203-205.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/203-205.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-financial-reporting-fair-presentation-conceptual-objective-of-international-public-sector-accounting-standards-ipsass-in-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Evaluation of Financial Reporting \u201cFair 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce0b6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce0b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce0c04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce0c04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce0d6d\" data-id=\"5ce0d6d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce0e79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce0e79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Principals\u2019 Use of Peer Counselling as an Alternative Disciplinaly Method on Students\u2019 Discipline in Kitui County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. Janet K. Mulwa, PhD &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 206-210<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce0f14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce0f14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce1082\" data-id=\"5ce1082\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce11be elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ce11be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study sought to investigate Principals\u2019 influence in use of peer counseling as an alternative disciplinary method on students\u2019 discipline in public secondary schools principals\u2019 in kitui county, Kenya. The study objective sought to establish the extent to which public secondary school principals had   implemented peer counseling as an alternative disciplinary method in their schools. The study adopted the ex-post-facto research design to establish the situation of students\u2019 discipline at the ground. The target population consisted of 333 secondary school principals from which a sample of 101 respondents was obtained.  Data was collected by use of Questionnaires.  A pilot study was used to establish instrument validity.  Instrument reliability was determined by a test-re-test technique. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyse data. Data was presented using   frequency distribution and cross tabulation tables. Qualitative data was organised and presented in narrative form. A Chi-square (x2) test was used to establish   the significance of implementation of peer counselling and students\u2019 discipline. The significance level was set at alpha = 0.05.  From the findings, 67.3 per cent of the principals agreed that students attended peer counselling in their schools while others did not.  Results of chi-square (x2) test had a p-value 0.349>0.05. The study concluded that school discipline could be shaped by the disciplinary methods that school principals adopted.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 206-210\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Janet K. Mulwa, PhD<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Educational Administration and Planning, School of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBest, J.W. &#038; Kahn, J.V. (2000). Research in Education. (7thed). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Private limited.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBett, J.C. (2013). The importance of promoting the value of the role of Peer counselling among  Students in secondary schools. The international journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences.2 (6) June 2013, pages: 477-484.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tCarr, R. (1988). The city wide peer counselling program. Children and youth services review, 10(10): 217-232<br \/>\r\n[4]\tCarroll,M.R.(1973). The regeneration of guidance: The school Counselor,20,355-360<br \/>\r\n[5]\tChireshe, R. (2006). An Assessment of the effectiveness of school Guidance and  CounsellingServices in Zimbabwean Secondary schools.PhD Dissertation.University of South Africa.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tChireshe, R. (2013). Peer Counselling in Zimbabwean Secondary Schools.Int J Edu Sci, 5(4): 349-354 (2013) Department of Psychology of Education, University of South Africa.  Accessed 7 May, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tCowie,R. &#038; Shrp,S.(1996). Peer Counselling in schools. a time to listen. London:D Fulton<br \/>\r\n[8]\tDavid,A.D. (1988.Peer Counselling Project; University of Victoria,British Columbia, Canada<br \/>\r\n[9]\tKIE (2004).Guidance and counselling.A teacher Handbook. Nairobi,  Kenya institute of   Education.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tKothari, C. R. (2011). Research Methodology Methods and Techniques. (2nded). New Age International Publishers: New Delhi.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tMarangu, G.P., Bururia, N.D. &#038; Njonge, T. (2012) Challenges Faced By Peer Counsellors in Their Effort to Effect Behaviour Change in Secondary Schools in Maara  District, Kenya. American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 2 No. 11; November 2012. Accessed 3 May, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tMbugua, S. M. (2006).Teachers and students attitudes to peer counselling in public secondary  Schools in Starehe Division, Nairobi Province Kenya. M.Ed Research Project: Kenyatta University.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tMulwa,J.K (2014) Effects of Principals\u2019 alternative disciplinary methods on students\u2019 discipline in public secondary schools in kitui county, Kenya. PhD thesis, University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tNdichu, D. (2005). Guidance and counselling: Handbook for schools. Nairobi: Career Ventures.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tPhillips, M. &#038; Sturkie, J. 1993. Developing peer-counselling skills. Cambridge: Daniels.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tRepublic of Kenya (2001).Report of the Task Force on Students Discipline and Unrest in secondary schools. Nairobi: Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tRutondoki, E. N. (2000). Guidance and Counselling. Makerere University, Institute of Adult and Continuing Education.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tTindall, J. A &#038; Salmon-White, S. 1990. Peers helping peers, program for the preadolescent. Muncie, Indiana: Accelerated Development<br \/>\r\n[19]\tUNESCO.(2002). Terms of Reference. The first International Conference on  Guidance, Counselling and Youth Development in Africa, 22-26 April 2002. Nairobi, Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tWango, G. M. (2006). Policy and practices in guidance and counselling in secondary Schools in Kenya.PhD Thesis; University of Birmighan.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tWango, G. M. &#038;Mungai, E. K. (2007).Counselling in school. A Handbook for Teachers.Nairobi: Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tWere, N.M.W.(2003). Discipline guidance and counselling in schools. Nairobi Strong Wall Africa.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Janet K. Mulwa, PhD &#8220;Influence of Principals\u2019 Use of Peer Counselling as an Alternative Disciplinaly Method on Students\u2019 Discipline in Kitui County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.206-210 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/206-210.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/206-210.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-principals-use-of-peer-counselling-as-an-alternative-disciplinaly-method-on-students-discipline-in-kitui-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of Principals\u2019 Use of Peer Counselling as an Alternative Disciplinaly Method on Students\u2019 Discipline in Kitui County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce1f81 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ce1f81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-element elementor-element-5ce27e6\" data-id=\"5ce27e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce28f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce28f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce298d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce298d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce2ad3\" data-id=\"5ce2ad3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce2bd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce2bd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce2c6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce2c6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce2dcb\" data-id=\"5ce2dcb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce2ed9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce2ed9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Use of Traditional Family Planning Methods among Women of Child Bearing Age in Kwande LGA of Benue State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Iorkosu, Tyover Samuel, Alugwa, Euphemia Dooyum, Anum, Orngu Jacob, Dooior, Daniel Tsembe &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 211-217<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce2f72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce2f72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce30d6\" data-id=\"5ce30d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce31f3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ce31f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The family planning use has a multiplicity of health benefits such as preventing unplanned pregnancies, ensuring child spacing, reducing maternal and child mortality. In recent years, there has been an improvement in the provision of health facilities. Despite the improvement in science and technology that accompanied the establishment of the family planning unit across the state. With all these efforts, it has been observed that many women of childbearing age still cling to traditional family planning.  This study also seeks to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of women that mostly use traditional family planning, various traditional family planning methods they use, the reasons for the preference of traditional family planning and the perceived effects of the traditional methods. The structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 387 respondents and 50 participants for the in-depth interview to compliment the information from the quantitative data. The quantitative data involving descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation) was applied to interpret the result using SPSS.  The study also revealed that women of childbearing age mostly used herbal medicine as a family planning method. In addition, the study revealed that effectiveness and trust of the method, no side effects, low cost as well as the availability of the method are the factors influencing the usage of traditional family planning in the area. The result of the study revealed that women of different educational qualification effectively utilized traditional family planning methods. This means that the educational qualifications of women have no significant influence on the use of traditional family planning method. The study recommends among others that women of childbearing age should be enlightened on the effect of modern family planning. The government should intensify its effort in making family planning units closer to the women. In addition, government and Non-governmental organisation should sponsor advanced research in the area to ascertain the effectiveness of the traditional family planning for better outlook, policy-making and implementation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 211-217\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iorkosu, Tyover Samuel<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, Federal University of Lafia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alugwa, Euphemia Dooyum <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nM.Sc Student, Benue state University, Makurdi<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anum, Orngu Jacob<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD Student, Department of Sociology, Federal University of Lafia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dooior, Daniel Tsembe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDooior, Daniel Tsembe<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAlaka Malwade Basu ( 2011) Postmodern contraception: the use of traditional methods of birth control among upper class women in india. Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the Program of African Studies, Northwestern University, March 9-10, 2001PAS Working Papers, Number 11, pp 71-81; Edited by Caroline Bledsoe Program of \tAfrican Studies, Northwestern University, 620 Library Place, Evanston, IL 60208-4110, U.S.A.\u00a9 2002 Caroline Bledsoe and No. 11 PAS Working Papers authors.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAnthony I; Oladele O, &#038; Wilson, A (2018) Use of traditional and modern \tcontraceptives \tamong childbearing women: findings from a mixed methods study in \ttwo south-\twestern Nigerian states. BMC Public Health (2018) 18:604 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5522-6<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAnyanwu E,&#038; Eskay, (2013). Family planning in Nigeria: a myth or reality? \tImplications for education in Nkanu Local Government Area of Enugu State. journal \tof Education and Practice, ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online),Vol.4, \tNo.15, 2013<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAyyuba &#038; Asma\u2019u (2018) The Role of Traditional Contraceptive Methods in Family \tPlanning among Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in \tKano.international Journal of clinical psychology, vol.34, pp.23-35<br \/>\r\n[5]\tButawa, N. N., Tukur, B., Idris, H., Adiri, F. &#038; Taylor, K. D. (2010). Knowledge and perceptions of maternal health in Kaduna state, northern Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 14, 3. Retrieved from<br \/>\r\n[6]\tCl\u00e9mentine, R &#038;Jacqueline, H (2012) Traditional Birth spacing Practices and \tUptake of \tFamily Planning during the Postpartum Period in Ouagadougou. \tinternational Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, vol.40,pp 87-96<br \/>\r\n[7]\tEsike, A; Ekwedigwe, E, &#038; Umeora (2017).Barriers to family planning \tacceptance in \tAbakaliki, Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology | \tPublished \tby Wolters Kluwer &#8211; Medknowwww.tjognline.com<br \/>\r\n[8]\tEtokiden, N; Etowa, S &#038; Asuquo (2019) Family planning practice of rural community \tdwellers in Cross- River State.Nigeria journal of clinical practice available on line at http\/\/www.njeponline.com<br \/>\r\n[9]\tNational population Commission (2019, September 23). What is Nigeria\u2019s current Population? Retrieved from https:\/\/nigerianfinder.com\/population-of-nigeria\/<br \/>\r\n[10]\tOlugbenga-B; Abodunrin G, &#038; Adeomi (2011). Contraceptive practices among women in \trural communities in South-Western Nigeria. Global Journal of Medical research \tVolume 11 Issue 2 Version 1.0 July 2011<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Iorkosu, Tyover Samuel, Alugwa, Euphemia Dooyum, Anum, Orngu Jacob, Dooior, Daniel Tsembe &#8220;Use of Traditional Family Planning Methods among Women of Child Bearing Age in Kwande LGA of Benue State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.211-217 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/211-217.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/211-217.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/use-of-traditional-family-planning-methods-among-women-of-child-bearing-age-in-kwande-lga-of-benue-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Use of Traditional Family Planning Methods among Women of Child Bearing Age in Kwande LGA of Benue State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce3fdf elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ce3fdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4705 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce4705\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce485a\" data-id=\"5ce485a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4966 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce4966\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4a07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce4a07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4b4f\" data-id=\"5ce4b4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4c59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce4c59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4cf2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce4cf2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4e4b\" data-id=\"5ce4e4b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4f51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce4f51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Public Debt and It\u2019s Implication on Kenya\u2019s Future Economic Growth<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Pollyne Mbithe Mutunga- August 2020 Page No.: 218-223<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4ff6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce4ff6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce5154\" data-id=\"5ce5154\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce5279 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ce5279\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">An upsurge of Kenya\u2019s public debt has elicited public debate on whether these crises could affect the future generation. Thus, the study adopted VAR model using data from 1980 to 2019 to investigate the effect of public debt on the future generation. To do this, the study utilized the historical data for GDP (dependent) and Public debt (independent variable) to estimate GDP for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. Results reveal that public debt could slow down Kenya\u2019s economic growth for the next three years. It was recommended that the country need debt restructuring to free up some financial resources and enhance investment in productive sectors as a mitigation measure.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 218-223\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pollyne Mbithe Mutunga<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMachakos University, Machakos, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tCBK. (2020). Central Bank of Kenya Monthly Report.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tEl-Mahdy, A. M., &#038; Torayeh, N. M. (2009). Debt Sustainability and Economic Growth in Egypt. International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies, 6 (1), 25-55.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tIyoha, M. A. (1999). External debt and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries: An econometric study. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tKENDRED, (2009). Kenya\u2019s Public Debt Status. Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tKNBS. (2019). Economic Survey. Nairobi: Government Printer<br \/>\r\n[6]\tMarcellino, M. M., Stock, J., H., and Watson, M.W. (2005). A Comparison of Direct and Iterated Multistep AR Methods for Forecasting Macroeconomic Time Series. University of Bocconi Working Paper Series 285.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tModigliani, F. (1961). Long Run Implications of Alternative Fiscal Policies and the Burden of the National Debt. Economic Journal, 71, 730-755.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tPutunoi, S. &#038; Mutuku, J. (2013). Coping with risks through mismatches: domestic and international financial contracts for emerging economies. International Finance, 7(3), 349-392<br \/>\r\n[9]\tRobertson, J. C., and Tallman, E. W. (1999). Vector Autoregressions: Forecasting and Reality: Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Economic Review. 84(4): 4-18.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tRomer, P. M. (1990). Endogenous Technological Change. The Journal of Political Economy, 98 (5), 71-102.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tSaint-Paul, G. (1992). Fiscal policy in an Endogenous Growth Model. Quarterly Journal of economic, 107, 1243-1259.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tStock, J., H., and Watson, M., W. (2001).Vector Autoregression, Journal of Economic Perspectives,15(4): 101-115.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tWere, M. (2001). The Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth in Kenya: An Empirical Assessment. UNU\/ WIDER Discussion Paper No. 2001\/120, Helsinki<br \/>\r\n[14]\tWilliam G. B., Davis, R.G., and Kopf. H.D. (1960).The Public Debt: A Burden on Future Generations? The American Economic Review, 50(4) 701-706<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Pollyne Mbithe Mutunga &#8220;Public Debt and It\u2019s Implication on Kenya\u2019s Future Economic Growth&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.218-223 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/218-223.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/218-223.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/public-debt-and-its-implication-on-kenyas-future-economic-growth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Debt and It\u2019s Implication on Kenya\u2019s Future Economic Growth<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce6077 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ce6077\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce62e3\" data-id=\"5ce62e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce641c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce641c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce64c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce64c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce6621\" data-id=\"5ce6621\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce6751 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce6751\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce67f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce6aef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce6c45\" data-id=\"5ce6c45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce6db2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce6db2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce6e65 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce6e65\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce6fe0\" data-id=\"5ce6fe0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce7112 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce7112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce71b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce71b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce7332\" data-id=\"5ce7332\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce7451 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce7451\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Indonesian Animation Industry: Its Mapping and Strategy Development<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Eka Nurjati, Yan Rianto, Rika Wulandari, Ontin Fatmakartika &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 224-234<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce74f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce74f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce766d\" data-id=\"5ce766d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce77b5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ce77b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The problem of the animation industry in Indonesia is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contribution of animation, video, and film sub sector is lower than other sub sectors, which is 0.17%. On the other side, Indonesia has a potency to grow the animation industry through creativity and human thought power. This research was a descriptive research which uses in-depth interviews. CV Imaji Studio, PT the Little Giantz, PT Ayena Mandiri Sinema, and PT Kinema Systrans Multimedia are the research object. Based on the analysis, the animation studios have many problems; such are a few numbers of animators, a few infrastructure facilities, the high price of technology, the low quality and quantity of both education and trainee. It needs the cooperation of the stakeholders to create the strategy development. Business sector, government, community, academy, and media are the stakeholders which play a role to develop the strategy. Business sector is the leader to develop co-working space, incubation scheme, and financial system. Communities have the role to establish the exhibition and training. Academicians have the function to make the education curriculum and developing the animation technology. Media is the channel distribution of animation products to promote them.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 224-234\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eka Nurjati<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCenter For Utilization and Innovation of Science and Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor km 47, Cibinong, West Java \u2013 Indonesia (16911).<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yan Rianto<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCenter For Utilization and Innovation of Science and Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor km 47, Cibinong, West Java \u2013 Indonesia (16911).<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rika Wulandari<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCenter For Utilization and Innovation of Science and Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor km 47, Cibinong, West Java \u2013 Indonesia (16911).<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ontin Fatmakartika<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCenter For Utilization and Innovation of Science and Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor km 47, Cibinong, West Java \u2013 Indonesia (16911).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAkombo, Odhiambo. (2010). Analyzing Kenya\u2019s sugar industry competitiveness through Porter\u2019s Diamond Model. A Managament Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master in Business Administration (MBA). University of Nairobl.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBarragan, S. (2005). 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Adoption of new movie distribution services on the Internet. Journal of Media Economics. 21(3), pp 131-157.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tPorter, M. (1985). On competition, Updated and Expanded Edition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tPorter, M. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. New York: Free Press.<br \/>\r\n[30]\tPorter, M. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review.<br \/>\r\n[31]\tPorter, M. (2002). Competitive Advantage. Chen Xiaorui,trans. Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tRugman, A.M., Verbeke, A. (1993). Foreign subsidiaries and multinational strategic management: an extension and correction of Porter\u2019s single diamond framework [special issue]. Manage Int Rev. 2(33), pp 71\u2013 84.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tSantoso, B.G. (2018). Intellectual property animasi di Indonesia dalam buku katalog nganimasi Indonesia. Bahasarupa. 1(2), pp 89-98.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tShah, S.K., Tripsas, M. (2007). The accidental entrepreneur: the emergent and collective process of user entrepreneurship. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. 1(1), pp 123-140.<br \/>\r\n[35]\tStopford, J.M., Strange, S. (1991). Rival states, rival firms: competition for world market shares. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.<br \/>\r\n[36]\tSubagja, I.K. (2017). Creative industry competitiveness in Indonesia. International Journal of Academic research and Development. 2 (5), pp 428-439.<br \/>\r\n[37]\tTschang, T., Goldstein, A. (2004). Production and political economy in the animaion industry: Why insourcing and outsourcing occur. Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University.<br \/>\r\n[38]\tWestcott, T., (2010). An overview of the global animation industry. Creative industries journal. 3 (3), pp 253\u2013259.<br \/>\r\n[39]\tYoon, H. (2017). Globalization of the animation industry: multi-scalar linkages of six animation production centers. International Journal of Cultural Policy. 23 (5), pp 634\u2013651.<br \/>\r\n[40]\tYoon, H., Malecki, E.J. (2009). Cartoon planet: worlds of production and global production networks in the animation industry. Industrial and Corporate Change. 19 (1), pp 239-271<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Eka Nurjati, Yan Rianto, Rika Wulandari, Ontin Fatmakartika &#8220;Indonesian Animation Industry: Its Mapping and Strategy Development&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.224-234 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/224-234.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/224-234.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/indonesian-animation-industry-its-mapping-and-strategy-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Indonesian Animation Industry: Its Mapping and Strategy Development<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce8612 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ce8612\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce86ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce86ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce887b\" data-id=\"5ce887b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce8997 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce8997\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce8a3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce8a3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce8b8f\" data-id=\"5ce8b8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce8cca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce8cca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce8d71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce8d71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce8ed5\" data-id=\"5ce8ed5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce8fe4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce8fe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce9087 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce9087\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce91c7\" data-id=\"5ce91c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce92ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce92ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce9389 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce9389\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce9514\" data-id=\"5ce9514\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce9635 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce9635\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce96db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce96db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce983c\" data-id=\"5ce983c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce994c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce994c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Tekena. N. Tamuno on Nigerian Historiography<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Gobo Prisca Abiye &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 235-244<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ce99f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ce99f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ce9b91\" data-id=\"5ce9b91\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce9cf2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ce9cf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The aim of this article is to explain the development of Nigerian historiography and the place of Tekena Tamuno in it. For centuries, it was believed that Africa had no history. The only sources of African history were from outside the continent. The situation changed after the Second World War and particularly after African countries gained independence and became involved in the mainstream of things. As a second generation historian, he went beyond the popular emphasis on colonial administration at that time to deal with more important issues in the social, administrative and institutional history of Nigeria. This article will survey the growth and development of Nigerian historiography and Tamuno\u2019s role in it.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 235-244\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gobo Prisca Abiye<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of History and Diplomatic Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdeniji, A. (n.d.) Universal History and the Challenge of Globalization to African Historiography, http\/\/:www.google.com.ng\/search \u201chistoriography\u201d.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAkindele, R. A. and Bassey, E. A., eds. (2001). Beyond Conflict Resolution Managing African Security in the Twenty-First Century. Ibadan: Vintage Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAlagoa, E. J. (1990). Oral Tradition and Oral History in Africa and the Diaspora: Theory and Practice. Lagos: Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilization.<br \/>\r\n[4]\t_____ (1998). Dike Remembered: African Reflections on History, Dike Memorial Lectures 1985-1995, Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt Press Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[5]\t_____(2004). The Uses of Hindsight as Foresight: Reflections on Niger Delta and Nigerian History. Port Harcourt: Onyoma Research Publications.<br \/>\r\n[6]\t_____(2007).The Practice of History in Africa: A History of African Historiography. Port Harcourt: Onyoma Research Publications.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tAlagoa E. J., Tamuno, T. N. and Clark J. P. (2009). The Izon of the Niger Delta. Port Harcourt: Onyoma Research Publications.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tAlagoa, E. J. and Tamuno, T. N., eds. (1989). Land and People of Nigeria: Rivers State. Port Harcourt: Riverside Communications.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tAnene, J. C. (1966). Southern Nigeria in Transition 1884-1906, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tAsiegbu, J. U. J. (1984). Nigeria and its British Invaders, 1851-1920. New York: Nok Publishers International.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tBloch, M. (1953). The Historian\u2019s Craft. New York: Vintage Books Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tBoahen, A. A. (1985). UNESCO General History of Africa VII: Africa Under Colonial Domination, 1880-1935. London: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[13]\t_____ (1990). UNESCO General History of Africa: Africa Under Colonial Rule 1880-1935, London: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tBunzil, M. (1997). Real History: Reflections on Historical Practice London: Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tBurns, A. (1972). History of Nigeria. London: Allen and Unwin.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tCollingwood, R. G. (1946). The Idea of History. London: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tDerefaka, A. A. (2003). Archaeology and Culture History in the Central Niger Delta. Port Harcourt: Onyoma Research Publications.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tDerefaka, A. A. and Okorobia, A. M., eds. (2007). The Future of the Niger Delta: The Search for a Relevant Narrative. Port Harcourt: Onyoma Research Publications.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tDike, K. O. (1956). Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta, 1830-1885. Oxford: Clarendon Press.<br \/>\r\n[20]\t_____ (1956). Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta 1830-1885. An Introduction to the Economic and Political History of Nigeria. London: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tEjituwu, N. C., ed. (1998). The Multi-Disciplinary Approach to African History: Essays in Honour of Ebiegheri Joe Alagoa. 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London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tFage, J. D. (1981). The Development of African Historiography in Methodology and African Prehistory, Vol. 1 of UNESCO General History of Africa (Joseph Kizerbo, ed.) Berkeley: University of California Press.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tFalola, T. (2005). Nigerian History, Politics and Affairs Collected Essays of Adiele Afigbo. London: African World Press.<\/p>\r\n<p>[30]\tFubara, T. C. (2005). \u201cA Moment with Professor Tekena Tamuno\u201d in Akalu: The Light in the Dark  Magazine, Port Harcourt.<br \/>\r\n[31]\tGboloibai, K. and Kpemi, B. (2001). The Odyssey of T. N. Tamuno, Fmr., V. C., U.I. \u201cI wept, wept and wept. The Vision Magazine, October 31.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tGeyl, P. (1963). Encounters in History. London: W. M. Collins and Co. Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tHigham, J., ed. (1965). History: The Development of Historical Studies in the United States. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tIfie, E., ed. (2002). 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Redmond W.A., 22.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gobo Prisca Abiye &#8220;Impact of Tekena. N. 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N. Tamuno on Nigerian Historiography<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ceabad elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ceabad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ceafd5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ceafd5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ceb12a\" data-id=\"5ceb12a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ceb245 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ceb245\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ceb2e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ceb2e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ceb42b\" data-id=\"5ceb42b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ceb53a elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ceb828 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ceb828\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ceb8c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ceb8c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ceba2c\" data-id=\"5ceba2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cebb3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cebb3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation Implementation under Right to Education Act, 2009 in Rajasthan: Challenges and Possibilities<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Varun Otari &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 245-249<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cebbec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cebbec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cebd8a\" data-id=\"5cebd8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cebeaf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cebeaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper is an exclusive exploratory study in order to understand the key challenges faced by the teachers in implementation of Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation under Right to Education Act, 2009. The analysis drawn in the study is from the experiences shared by the Govt. School teacher, research articles and on the basis of government published reports. An attempt is been made towards coming up with key possibilities in order to strengthen the existing implementation of the Act that eventually will contribute towards better learning levels of students.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 245-249\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Varun Otari<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBhattacharya, R. S. (1991). Education in India. Indian Anthropologist , December 1991, Vol. 21, No. 2.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tJayaram, N. (1979). Higher Education, Inequality and Social Change in India. Sociological Bulletin , March and September 1979, Vol. 28, No. 1\/2 (March and September) .<br \/>\r\n[3]\tKashyap, D. N. (2006). The \u2018Fundamentals\u2019 of the Fundamental Right to Education in India. Books for Change.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tMcCONKEY, W. (1960). THE FUTURE OF INDIAN EDUCATION. A Journal of Social and Political Theory, No. 15.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tMcCowan, T. (2010). Reframing the Universal Right to Education. Comparative Education , NOVEMBER 2010, Vol. 46, No. 4.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tMinistry of statistics and Programme Implementation, G. o. (2012). Children in India, 2012. New Delhi: Registrar General and Census Commissioner, india.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tMinistry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, G. o. (2018). Children in India, 2018 &#8211; A Statistical Appraisal. Social Statistics Division of CSO, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMukhopadhya, S. C. (2006). Primary Education as a Fundamental Right: Cost Implication. Economic &#038; Political Weekly, Vol. 41, No35.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMurdoch, J. (1863). National Education in India. Knowsley Pamphlet Collection, University of Liverpool.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tParvathi, P. J. (2010). Right to Education Act 2009: Critical Gaps and Challenges. Economic &#038; Political Weekly, Vol: XLV No. 13.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tRao, P. (2008). Fundamental Right to Education . Journal of the Indian Law Institute, Vol. 50, No. 4.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tIndia, G. o. (1986). The National Policy on Education.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Varun Otari &#8220;Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation Implementation under Right to Education Act, 2009 in Rajasthan: Challenges and Possibilities&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.245-249 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/245-249.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/245-249.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/continuous-comprehensive-evaluation-implementation-under-right-to-education-act-2009-in-rajasthan-challenges-and-possibilities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation Implementation under Right to Education Act, 2009 in Rajasthan: Challenges and Possibilities<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ceccb8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ceccb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cecda0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cecda0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cecf17\" data-id=\"5cecf17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ced031 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ced031\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ced0d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ced0d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ced229\" data-id=\"5ced229\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ced337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ced337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ced3d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ced3d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ced537\" data-id=\"5ced537\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ced645 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ced645\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>COVID-19 and Informal Settlements: an urgent call to rethink.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Oguche, Christopher Joseph, Diyoke, Michael Chika, Andrew Noah Reigns &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 250-258<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ced6eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ced6eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ced84c\" data-id=\"5ced84c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ced97f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ced97f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Coronaviruses (Covid-19) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases. The assessment of Covid-19 and informal settlements has remained relevant since it effect both human and it immediate environment and the world at large. The paper explores the concept of covid-19, settlements, informal settlements, characteristics of informal settlements, reduces risk factor for covid-19 in informal settlements, tackling covid-19 in informal Settlements and explains further Rio de Janeiro, Brazil case of covid-19. Suggestions from the paper that the government at all levels should provide adequate and functional amenities such as pipe borne water, health care facilities (testing skits), sanitation, soap, disinfectant, hand sanitizer, and overall personal protective equipment. Portable hand washing stations are critical in informal settlements. It brought to bear that cities must be empowered to assume stronger leadership in coordination roles and to take on responsibilities for health and security and the governance and management of public and urban affairs. They need to do all this with strong participation of all actors. This paper will help researchers, scholars, government, planners as well as related authorities to understand the concept of covid-19 and informal settlements, its effects and proffer ways to control and mitigate the trend of the viruses.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 250-258\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oguche, Christopher Joseph<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Environmental Management University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Diyoke, Michael Chika<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Andrew Noah Reigns<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Geography, Nigeria Defence Academy Kaduna, Kaduna Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tChandran, R. (2020) Forced evictions illegal, slum dwellers have right to City: Delhi court. Reuters. 20 March 2019. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-india-landrights-court\/forced-evictions-illegal-slum-dwellers-have-right-to-city-delhi-court-idUSKCN1R10V8.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tKendi, I. (2020) Why don\u2019t we know who the Coronavirus victims are? The Atlantic. https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2020\/04\/stop-looking-away-race-covid-19-victims\/609250\/<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAnnie W. (2020) Impact of covid-19 in informal settlements- are we paying enough attention, Institute of Development studies<br \/>\r\n[4]\tJohns Hopkins (2020) COVID-19 Resources Center. COVID-19 Case Tracker 2020. Available from: https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tWalker P, Whittaker C, Watser O, Baguelin M, Ainslie K, Bhatia S, (2020). The Global Impact of COVID-19 and Strategies for Mitigation and Suppression. Imperial College London. 2020. doi: doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25561\/77735.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tMakoni M. (2020) Africa prepares for coronavirus. The Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223):483. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30355-X.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tIonnidis J, P. (2019) Coronavirus disease: The harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 50 (4). doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.13223.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tVigdor N. (2020) Man Fatally Poisons Himself While Self-Medicating for Coronavirus, Doctor Says. . The New York Times.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tUN-Habitat (2016) Urbanization and development: emerging futures. World Cities Report 2016. . Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Human Settlemnets Programme (UN-Habitat).<br \/>\r\n[10]\tDahab M, Zandvoort K, V, Flasche S, Warsame A, Spiegel P, Waldman J, (2020) COVID19 control in low-income settings and displaced populations: What can realistically be done?.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tUN-Habitat (2019). Kenya Habitat Country Programme Document (2018-2021). Nairobi, Kenya:.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tEzeh A, Oyebode O, Satterthwaite D, Chen Y, Ndugwa R, Sartori J, (2017) The history, geography, and sociology of slums and the health problems of people who live in slums. The Lancet. 2017; 389 (10068):547-58. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31650-6.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tThuany Rodrigues (2020) Strikes hard in Rio Janeiro\u2019s many informal settlements, commentary.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tOlusegun Areola, Ohiwere, Irueghe, Kabiru Ahmed, Bola Adeleke and Goh Cheng Leing (2002) Certificate Physical and Human Geography University Press Plc Ibadan.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tBunnett R.B. and Olatunde O.P (2003) General Geography in Diagrams for West Africa. Longman Press Plc.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tGyamba Naderi, (2020) Exploring Contemporary Migration, Longman, New York<br \/>\r\n[17]\tEckholm E.P (2013) Down to Earth- Environmental and Human needs. Notion and company New York.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tMuse S.D (2005) Introduction to Environmental Science (GEO 105) Lecture Module Department of Geography Science &#038; Planning Kogi State University Anyigba, Kogi State.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tOcholi (2005) Introductory Practical Geography (CEO 103) Lecture Module, Kogi State University Anyigba, Kogi State. Department of Geography &#038; Planning.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tUN Habitat 2010 World Urbanization Prospect: The 1992 Revision: United Department of Economic, Social Information and Policy Analysis, New York USA.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oguche, Christopher Joseph, Diyoke, Michael Chika, Andrew Noah Reigns &#8220;COVID-19 and Informal Settlements: an urgent call to rethink.&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.250-258 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/250-258.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/250-258.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/board-behavior-and-corporate-performance-a-case-of-african-guarantee-fund-for-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COVID-19 and Informal Settlements: an urgent call to rethink.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cee728 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cee728\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cee81e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cee81e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cee995\" data-id=\"5cee995\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ceeab5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ceeab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ceeb57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ceeb57\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ceecaa\" data-id=\"5ceecaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ceedb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ceedb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ceee5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ceee5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ceefb9\" data-id=\"5ceefb9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cef0e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cef0e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of Bi Rate and Inflation on <i>Mudharabah<\/i> Deposits at Jabar Banten Islamic Bank<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Sabik Khumaini, Muhammad Nurzansyah, Zainal Arif  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 259-264<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cef184 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cef184\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cef320\" data-id=\"5cef320\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cef45e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cef45e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research was conducted to analyze the influence of BI rate and inflation on mudharabah deposits in Jabar Banten Islamic Bank. The data used in this study are monthly data from January 2015 to December 2017. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing using t-statistics to test the partial regression coefficient with a level of significance of 5%. Besides that, a classic assumption test is also conducted which included normality test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test and multicollinearity test. During the observation period, from January 2015 to December 2017, the results of the study do not  find any classical assumptions deviations. This  indicates that the available data  met the requirements for the use of  multiple regression equation models. The results show that BI rate has a significant negative effect on mudharabah deposits, with a level of significance smaller than 5%. Inflation has a positive and insignificant effect on mudharabah deposits, with a level of significance greater than 5%.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 259-264\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sabik Khumaini <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSharia Banking school of Islamic Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University Tangerang <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Nurzansyah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSharia Banking school of Islamic Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University Tangerang <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zainal Arif <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSharia Banking school of Islamic Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University Tangerang <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Journal article<br \/>\r\n[1].\tIskandar, Iskandar dan Firdaus, Iwan. (2014). Pengaruh Tingkat Suku Bunga, Inflasi dan Kurs Rupiah Terhadap Deposito Mudharabah dan Deposito Bank Konvensional Pada Perbankan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Sosial, Vol 3, No.2.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tRahayu, Sri dan Siregar, Rahmadani. (2018). Pengaruh Bagi Hasil Deposito Mudharabah, Suku Bunga Berjangka Bank Indonesia Dan Inflasi Terhadap  Jumlah Deposito Mudharabah  PT. Bank Negara Indonesia  (BNI) Syariah. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Multiparadigma, Vol. 5. No. 1.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tRudiansyah,Afif. (2014). Pengaruh Inflasi, Bi Rate, PDB dan Nilai Tukar Rupiah Terhadap Simpanan Mudharabah Pada Bank Syariah  di Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Vol 2, No 2.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tSyukriah Ali, Anita, Abu Hassan and Kartini. Kasim. (2012) Macroeconomics Variables and Its Impact to Mudharabah Investment Deposits in Malaysia. Elixir International Journal, Mgmt. 51.<br \/>\r\nBook<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAbdullah Al-Mushlih dan Shalah Ash-Shawi. (2008) Fikih Ekonomi Keuangan Islam. Darul Haq, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tArthesa, Ade. (2016) Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan Bukan Bank. PT Indeks, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tGhofur Ansori, Abdul. (2018) Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tGhozali, Imam. (2013). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SPSS 21. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tIchsan, Nurul. (2014). Perbankan Syariah. GP Press Group, Tangerang.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tKarim, Adiwarman. (2008). Ekonomi Makro Islam. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tKasmir. (2014). Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan Lainnya. Rajawali Pers, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tIsmail. (2011). Perbankan Syariah. Prenada Media Group, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tMuljono, Djoko (2015). Buku Pintar Akuntansi Perbankan dan Lembaga Keuangan \tSyariah. Andi offset, Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tNurhayati, Sri dan Wasilah. (2015). Akuntansi Syariah di Indonesia. Salemba Empat, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tSukirno ,Sadono. (2013). Makro Ekonomi Teori Pengantar. Rajawali, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tSuwiknyo, Dwi. (2009). Kompilasi Tafsir Ayat-ayat Ekonomi Islam. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tYunaldi, Wendra. (2007). Potret Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia. Centralis, Jakarta.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Sabik Khumaini, Muhammad Nurzansyah, Zainal Arif  &#8220;The Influence of Bi Rate and Inflation on <i>Mudharabah<\/i> Deposits at Jabar Banten Islamic Bank&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.259-264 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/259-264.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/259-264.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-bi-rate-and-inflation-on-mudharabah-deposits-at-jabar-banten-islamic-bank\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Influence of Bi Rate and Inflation on <i>Mudharabah<\/i> Deposits at Jabar Banten Islamic Bank<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf026d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cf026d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf035c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf035c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf04d2\" data-id=\"5cf04d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf05fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cf05fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf069e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf069e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf07fe\" data-id=\"5cf07fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf0908 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cf0908\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf09ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf09ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf0b04\" data-id=\"5cf0b04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf0c14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cf0c14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Second Demographic Dividend: The Challenge for Uganda<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>James Kizza, Amonya David, Kigosa Nathan- August 2020 Page No.: 265-272<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf0caf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf0caf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf0e14\" data-id=\"5cf0e14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf0f4a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cf0f4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purpose: To investigate the challenges of Uganda\u2019s demographic structure in relation to the country\u2019s ability to harness a demographic dividend<br \/>\r\nDesign\/Methodology\/Approach: We analyze secondary data from the World Bank data base on Uganda for the period 1983 to 2017. This data is supplemented with secondary data from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics.  We run a multiple regression test to enable us predict the likely contribution of the selected demographic characteristic towards the country\u2019s GDP per capita growth and check the robustness of the model by conducting various tests such as the Breusch Godfrey and Arch tests.<br \/>\r\nFindings: Results show that: GDP growth, age dependency ratio\u2013 young &#038; old and annual urban population growth have a positive impact on per capita GDP growth while young dependency ratio, total population, annual population growth and mortality under 5 have a negative impact on per capita GDP. Collectively, the demographic characteristics studied explain 93.9% towards the country\u2019s potential to harness the demographic dividend (Adjusted R-square 0.9391; p\u20390.000).<br \/>\r\nPractical implications: Although there exists studies relating to demographic characteristics to the demographic dividend, none of the studies identified particularly deals with Uganda singularly. Most studies study Uganda in relation to other countries. This study handles Uganda\u2019s case to exploit the demographic dividend given the studied demographic structure of the country. The study brings to light that with the right policies and institutions in place based on evidence provided by the study, the potential for Uganda enjoying the demographic dividend exists.<br \/>\r\nOriginality\/value: This study shows how Uganda can exploit her demographic structure to enjoy a demographic dividend<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 265-272\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>James Kizza<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics and Statistics, Kyambogo University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amonya David<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics and Statistics, Kyambogo University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kigosa Nathan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics and Statistics, Kyambogo University<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAgenda 2063. Agenda 2063, the Africa we want.  www.agenda2063.au.int<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBbaale,E. &#038; Mutenyo,J. (2011). Export composition and Economic growth in SSA: A panal analyisis. Consilience: The J. Sustain.Dev. 6 (1),1-19<br \/>\r\n[3]\tBloom, D. &#038; Williamson,J. (1998). Demographic transitions and economic miracles in emerging Asia. World Bank Economic Review, 12, 419-456<br \/>\r\n[4]\tBloom, D.E. &#038; Williamson, J.G. (1998). Demographic transition and economic miracles in emerging Asia. The World Bank Economic Review. 12 (3), 419-455<br \/>\r\n[5]\tBloom, D.E., Canning,D. &#038; Sevilla, J.  (2001). Economic growth and the demographic transition. NBER working paper series 8685<br \/>\r\n[6]\tBloom, D.E., Kuhn,M. &#038; Prettner,K. (2016). Africa\u2019s prospects for enjoying a demographic dividend. Discussion Paper Series. IZA DP No.10161. Bonn: Germany<br \/>\r\n[7]\tBloom,D.E., Canning, D., Fink,G. &#038; Finlay,J. (2007). Realizing the demographic dividend: Is Africa any different? Research Gate<br \/>\r\n[8]\tBongaarts, J. (2010). The causes of Educational Differences in Fertility in sub Saharan Africa. Working Paper No. 20. NewYork: Population Council, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tDyson,T. (2010). Population and Development: The Demographic Transition. New York,NY: Zed Books<br \/>\r\n[10]\tKilimani,N. (2006). The impact of Uganda\u2019s trade liberalization policy on economic growth. Uganda Programme on Trade Opportunities and Policy (UPTOP)<br \/>\r\n[11]\tKothare,R. (1999). Does India\u2019s population growth has a positive effect on economic growth. Social Science 410, 2-14.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tMinh,Q.D. (2012). Population and economic growth in developing countries. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(1), 5-17.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tNational Population Council (2018)- Uganda\u2019s demographic dividend roadmap. Transforming Uganda\u2019s Economy: Opportunities to harness the DD for SD<br \/>\r\n[14]\tPopulation reference bureau (PRB), 2013. International conference on family planning. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. November 12-15,2013.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tU.S. Department of State (2007).Why population aging matters. A global perspective. Department of health and Human services, SA 7,6134, 2007<br \/>\r\n[16]\tUganda Bureau of Statistics (2016). The National Population and Housing Census, 2014 \u2013 Main Report, Kampala, Uganda<br \/>\r\n[17]\tUganda Bureau of Statistics (2018). Statistical Abstract . Kampala, Uganda<br \/>\r\n[18]\tUNFPA (2014). State of the World Population 2014. United Nations Population Fund, New York<br \/>\r\n[19]\tWorldometer (www.Worldometers,info- accessed July 14th 2020)    <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">James Kizza, Amonya David, Kigosa Nathan &#8220;The Second Demographic Dividend: The Challenge for Uganda&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.265-272 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/265-272.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/265-272.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-second-demographic-dividend-the-challenge-for-uganda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Second Demographic Dividend: The Challenge for Uganda<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf1dae elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cf1dae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf1e90 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf1e90\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf2014\" data-id=\"5cf2014\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf2139 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cf2139\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf21d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf21d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf233b\" data-id=\"5cf233b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf2453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cf2453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf2512 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf2512\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf2684\" data-id=\"5cf2684\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf2797 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cf2797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Moderating Effect of Firm Size on the Relationship between Joint Marketing Alliances and Firm Performance of Retail Firms in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Rosemary Muvinya Muange,  Ng\u2019etich Willy Kiptoo &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 273-284<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf2834 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf2834\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf29c2\" data-id=\"5cf29c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf2b17 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5cf2b17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigates the Moderating effects of firm size on the relationship between joint marketing alliances and the firm performance of retail firms in Nairobi County. The aim of the study was to evaluate the direct influence of joint marketing alliances on firm performance and the moderating effects of firm size on the relationship between joint marketing alliance and firm performance Resource Dependency Theory was used to guide the study. The study adopted explanatory research design. The target population of the study consisted of 490 top management officials working in the 47 retail firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study used stratified and simple random sampling technique to select a sample of 216 respondents. Data is quantitative and was collected using a questionnaire. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics so multiple regression was used as it is the most applicable in this study. Correlation analysis was used to determine the strength of linear relationship between the variables being analyzed in the research. Study findings indicated that joint marketing alliance, has significant effect on firm performance. Based on the findings creating a joint marketing enhances firm performance. In addition, findings indicated under high firm size increase on firm performance. Furthermore, the study found out that firm size has a moderating effect on the relationship between joint marketing alliance and firm performance.  The study recommends that firms need to share research and development resources with its strategic partners, shares manufacturing cost to develop marketable products. Firms have to engage in joint marketing alliances with firms that have well-established customer relationships so as increase their market and thereby enhance performance. Finally, It is necessary for firms to engage in joint marketing alliances with others and joint promotion services and product with other firms in order to enhance firm performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 273-284\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rosemary Muvinya Muange <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Quantitative Skills and Development Studies, School of Human Resource Development, University of Eldoret, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ng\u2019etich Willy Kiptoo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Quantitative Skills and Development Studies, School of Human Resource Development, University of Eldoret, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAchrol, R. 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Organizational cultural intelligence: A competitive capability for strategic alliances in the international construction industry. Project Management Journal, 44(4), 5-25. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rosemary Muvinya Muange,  Ng\u2019etich Willy Kiptoo &#8220;Moderating Effect of Firm Size on the Relationship between Joint Marketing Alliances and Firm Performance of Retail Firms in Nairobi County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.273-284 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/273-284.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/273-284.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/moderating-effect-of-firm-size-on-the-relationship-between-joint-marketing-alliances-and-firm-performance-of-retail-firms-in-nairobi-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moderating Effect of Firm Size on the Relationship between Joint Marketing Alliances and Firm Performance of Retail Firms in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf3934 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cf3934\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf3a22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf3a22\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf3b9f\" data-id=\"5cf3b9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf3ccb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cf3ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf3d6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf3d6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf3edf\" data-id=\"5cf3edf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf3ff1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cf3ff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf408f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf408f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cf41f5\" data-id=\"5cf41f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d000c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d000c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of Media on Obstetric Health Behavior in Northern Bangladesh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Md. Bokul Hossain, Dr. Md. Siddiqur Rahman &#038; Sonya Farhana Sony &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 285-292<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0015f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0015f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d002d3\" data-id=\"5d002d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d00410 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d00410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Media is a part and parcel of daily life and influences every sphere of life. The present study seeks to understand the influence of media on obstetric health behavior. Survey method has been executed to conduct the study. The research shows that media plays a vital role in obstetric health fields. Besides, there is a significant association between respondent\u2019s media engagement and the performance of obstetric health behaviors like ANC visits, getting assistance of skilled health personnel during delivery or types of birth attendant, intake of iron tablets and vaccination of mother (TT).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 285-292\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Bokul Hossain <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Sociology, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Md. Siddiqur Rahman<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor, Department of Sociology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sonya Farhana Sony<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Sociology, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdamu, Y.M. and Salihu, H.M. (2002).Barriers to the use of antenatal and obstetric care services in rural Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Obstetrics &#038; Gynecology, 22(6), 600\u2013603.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAndersen, R. 1968. A behavioral model of family use of health services. Research series 25. Chicago, IL: center for health administration studies, university of Chicago.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tArmstrong, D. 1983. Political Anatomy of the Body: Medical Knowledge in Britain in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAsundep, N.N., April, P., Carson, C.A.T., Berhanu, T., Ada, T., Agidi, K.Z. and Pauline, E.J. (2013) Determinants of Access to Antenatal Care and Birth Outcomes in Kumasi, Ghana. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 3, 279-288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jegh.2013.09.004<br \/>\r\n[5]\tBangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 1998. Health and Population Sector Program 1998-2003, Program Implementation Plan, part Dhaka: Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tBangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.(2015). Health Bulletin 2015. Dhaka: Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tCastells, M. 1996. The Rise of the Network Society. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tCatala\u0301n-Matamoros, Daniel. 2011. \u201cThe Role of Mass Media Communication in Public Health.\u201d Health Management &#8211; Different Approaches and Solutions, Dr. Krzysztof Smigorski (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-296-8 (399-414) InTech, Available from: http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/health-management-different-approaches andsolutions\/ the-role-of-mass-media-communication-in-public-health<br \/>\r\n[9]\tDahal, R.K. (2013) Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in Rural Area of Nepal. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine &#038; Public Health, 5, 120.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tDennis, C., Fung, K. and Grigoriadis, S. (2007). Traditional postpartum practices and rituals: A qualitative systematic review. Women\u2019s Health, 3(4), 487-502.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tEmily, C. Evans. (2013). A review of cultural influence on maternal mortality in the developing world. Midwifery, 29(5):490-6.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tEmily, C.E. (2013) A Review of Cultural Influence on Maternal Mortality in the Developing World. Midwifery, 29, 490-496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.midw.2012.04.002<br \/>\r\n[13]\tGeneral Economics Division. Millennium Development Goals Bangladesh progress report 2015. Dhaka: Bangladesh Plannning Commission Government of the People&#8217;s Republic of Bangladesh September 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2017 (http:\/\/www.plancomm.gov.bd\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/MDGs-Bangladeh-Progress-Report_-PDF_Final_September-2015.pdf)<br \/>\r\n[14]\tHossain, Md.B. and Rahman, Md.S. (2019) Availability and Equality of Health Services: The Reduction of the Influence of Social Class on Obstetric Health Behavior in Northern Bangladesh. Health, 11, 1186-1205.<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/health.2019.119093<br \/>\r\n[15]\tKhan M. N. U., (edited), Khanum, P. A., Quaiyum, M. A., Islam, A., Ahmes, S. 2000. \u201cComplications of Pregnancy and Childbirth: Knowledge and Practices of Women in Rural Bangladesh.\u201d Dhaka: ICDDRB: Center for Health and Population Research.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tKhanum, S. M., &#038; Taufiquzzaman, M. 2012. \u201cConstrains on women\u2019s access to emergency obstetric care in Bangladesh.\u201d Dhaka: University Grants commission, Bangladesh.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tKhanum, S. M., and Taufikuzzaman, M. (2012).\u201cConstrains on women\u2019s access to emergency obstetric care in Bangladesh.\u201d Dhaka: University Grants Commission, Bangladesh.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tKhanum, S.M. and Taufikuzzaman, M. (2012) Constraints on Women\u2019s Access to Emergency Obstetric Care in Bangladesh. University Grants Commission, Dhaka.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tKoblinsky, M., anwar, I., Mridha, M.K., Chowdhury, M.E. &#038; Botlero, R. 2008. \u201cReducing Maternal Mortality and Improving Maternal Health: Bangladesh and MDG 5.\u201d Journal of Health Population and Nutrition 3 (1): 280.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tKorda, Holly. And Zena Itani. 2011. \u201cHarnessing Social Media for Health Promotion and Behavior Change.\u201d in Health Promotion Practice 14(1): 15-23.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tLowe, M., Chen, D. R. and Huang, S. L. (2016). Social and Cultural Factors Affecting Maternal Health in Rural Gambia: An Exploratory Qualitative Study. PLoS ONE, 11(9): e0163653. doi:10.1371\/ journal.pone.0163653<br \/>\r\n[22]\tLupton, D. 1994. Medicine as Culture: Illness, Disease and the Body in Western Societies. London: Sage.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tMathe, M. (2017) Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in Botswana. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7, 477-520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6007\/IJARBSS\/v7-i9\/3343<br \/>\r\n[24]\t\u201cMedia (communication).\u201d Wikipedia, 4 March 2017. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Media_(communication)?oldid=768530376<br \/>\r\n[25]\tOgundairo, J.A. and Jegede, A.S. (2016) Socio-Cultural Challenges in Accessing Antenatal Care by Pregnant Fulani Women in Ibarapa Central Local Government, Oyo-State, Nigeria. Annals of Public Health and Research, 3, 1043-1044.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tSeale, Clive. 2003. \u201cHealth and Media: An Overview.\u201d Sociology of Health &#038; Illness 25(6): 513\u2013531<br \/>\r\n[27]\tShole, R. N. (2015). An Impact of Socio-Cultural Practices on Maternal Mortality in Masasi District, Tanzania. Malays.j. med. biol. res. Volume 2. No 3.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tSimkhada, B. Teijlingen, E. R., Porter, M &#038; Simkhada, P. 2008. \u201cFactors affecting the utilization of antennal care in developing countries: systematic review of the literature.\u201d  J Adv Nurs 61(3):266-60.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tSimkhada, B., Teijlingen, E.R., Porter, M. and Simkhada, P. (2008) Factors Affecting the Utilization of Antennal Care in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61, 244-260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04532.x<br \/>\r\n[30]\tStella, B. and Adesegun, F. (2009) Determinants of Use of Maternal Health Services in Nigeria\u2014Looking beyond Individual and Household Factors. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 9, Article No. 43. http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-2393\/9\/43 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-9-43<br \/>\r\n[31]\tTaufiquzzaman, M. 2014. \u201cThe nature of receiving obstetric health care among rural women in northern Bangladesh.\u201d PhD diss. Department of sociology, University of  Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tWalton, L. M., and Schbley, B. (2013). Cultural Barriers To Maternal Health Care In Rural Bangladesh. Online Journal of Health Ethics, 9(1).http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.18785\/ojhe.0901.03<br \/>\r\n[33]\tWebb, T. L., Joseph, J., Yardley, L., &#038; Michie, S. 2010. \u201cUsing the Internet to Promote Health Behavior Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Theoretical Basis, Use of Behavior Change Techniques, and Mode of Delivery on Efficacy.\u201d Journal of Medical Internet Research, no. 12(1): e4.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tWorld Health Organization (2012). Maternal mortality, fact sheet N    348<br \/>\r\n[35]\tYe, Y., Yoshitoku, Y., Rashid, H.O. and Junichi, S. (2010) Factors Affecting the Utilization of Antenatal Care Services among Women in Kham District, Xiengkhouang Province, Lao PDR. Nagoya Journal of Medical Science, 72, 23-33.<br \/>\r\n[36]\tZakar, R., Zakar, M. and Itani, T. (2011) Factors Associated with Use of Maternal Health Care Services in Pakistan: Evidence from DHS Pakistan. Social Science &#038; Medicine, 68, 1349-1356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1283690<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Md. Bokul Hossain, Dr. Md. Siddiqur Rahman &#038; Sonya Farhana Sony &#8220;The Influence of Media on Obstetric Health Behavior in Northern Bangladesh&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.285-292 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/285-292.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/285-292.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-media-on-obstetric-health-behavior-in-northern-bangladesh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Influence of Media on Obstetric Health Behavior in Northern Bangladesh<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d011e7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d011e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d012c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d012c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d01439\" data-id=\"5d01439\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0155d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d0155d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d01600 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d01600\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0174e\" data-id=\"5d0174e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0185b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d0185b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d018f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d018f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d01a41\" data-id=\"5d01a41\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d01b4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d01b4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d01be9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d01be9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d01d4d\" data-id=\"5d01d4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d01e59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d01e59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Socio-economic Determinants of Farmland Management Practices in Ido Local Government Area Oyo State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Isaac, O. Oyewo, Oreoluwa, B. Ajayi, Dami, A. Aruwajoye, Oyetundun, O Olawale, Ifeoluwa, D. Olunlade &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 293-298<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d01efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d01efb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0205c\" data-id=\"5d0205c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d021b4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d021b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined the socio-economic Determinants of Farmland Management Practices in Ido Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study were to examine the socio-economic determinant of farmland management practices of the farmers, examine the distribution of the respondents according to agricultural practices and physical input, observed the distribution of the respondents based on farmland management practices used and to study the problem encountered with possible solutions. Purposive sampling technique was used to select sixty farmers for the study. Data collection was obtained from primary source with the aid of well- structured questionnaires and personal interview schedule were used in data collection. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as frequency, distribution and percentage to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and presented in the form of table in the study. The result showed that 43% of the farmers were male: 20.7% were single: 44.3% were within age range of 50-59years: 34.4% had primary school education: 67.2% were native of Yoruba land: 73.8% belongs to Christianity religion: 41.0% had household size between 4-6: 52.5% does not belong to farmers association, while 70.5% does not have access to agricultural extension, 47.5% had between 1-5years of farming experience, 42.6% of the respondents earn \u20a6100000-\u20a6300000, 41% had farm size of 1-4hectares, 45.9% had their farm at about 1-5km to their homestead, 42.2% used both tractor and simple farm tools for land preparation techniques, 48.3% practiced two cropping system, 21.3% planted different type of tuber crop: It also revealed that 16.7% of the respondents encountered the problem of land tenure. The study recommended the needs of environmental education, legislation and enforcement of farmland management laws. The Federal Government should as a matter of urgency allocate higher percentage of her annual budget to Agriculture in order to boast agricultural production.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 293-298\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isaac, O. Oyewo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oreoluwa, B. Ajayi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Forest Products and Utilisation, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dami, A. Aruwajoye <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Forest Technology, Federal College of Agriculture Akure, Nigeria                                                                                                                                                         <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oyetundun, O Olawale<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Forest Economics and Extension, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ifeoluwa, D. Olunlade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdekoya, A.E., and M.A. Ajayi. (2000). An assessment of farmer\u2019s awareness and practices of land management techniques in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State. Journal of    Environmental Extension1 (1) Pp. 98-105.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAdesimi, A.A.  (2008). Definition of Farm Management. Inaugural lecture series 110. Pp 18<br \/>\r\n[3]\tEbii, C.O. (2000). A guide in rural sociology for students of agricultural science in adeveloping economy. Enugu: Snap Press. Egbule, P.E. (2004): Fundamentals and practice of agricultural education. Owerri: Economic Development and Cultural Change 33. 25<br \/>\r\n[4]\tGarcia, Y.T. (2000). Analysis of farmer decision to adopt soil conservation technologies for smallholder farming system in the Philippine Uplands. AVIAR Monograph No.78.<br \/>\r\n[5]\t Ekumankama, O.O. and E.M. Igbokwe (2002). Woman participation in agric-business in Oboro Area of Abia State .Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment. (4)1.60-68<br \/>\r\n[6]\tErvin, C.A &#038; D.E. Ervin. (1982). Factors affecting the uses of soil conservation practices; hypotheses, evidence and policy implication. Land Economics. 58 (3), 277-292.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tFakoya, E.O. (2001). An assessment of the degree of sustainable environmental management practices by farmers in Ifedore local Government of Ondo State. Journal of Environmental Extension (2)1.P.3<br \/>\r\n[8]\tFeder, G.R; E.Just and D. Zilberman. (1985): Adoption of Agricultural innovations in developing countries: a survey.<br \/>\r\n[9]\t    FAO (2003). Statement at the Ministerial Conference of the WTO &#8211; Circulated by H.E.       Hartwig de Haen,<br \/>\r\n[10]\tHenao, J. &#038; C. Baanante (2001). Nutrient depletion in the agricultural soils of Africa: Thunfinished agenda. Washington D.C. IFPRI. Pp. 159-60.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tMadu, I.A. (2001). Population and environmental problems in: Ofomata, G.E.K and P.O.Phil-Eze (Eds) Geographical Perspectives on Environmental Problems and Management in Nigeria. Enugu. Zamoe.P.80-82.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tNational Root Crop Research Institute- NRCRI (2002). Weather Report Umudike, Abia State National Population \u2013 NPC. (2006): Census result. Abuja: NPC.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tO.latunji, O. J. (2003). The effect of socio-economic characteristics of farmers on land degradation in the derived guinea savannah ecological zone of Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental issues.1 (1) Development Universal Consortia.237-243.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tOnumadu, F.N. (2001). Determinants of adoption of agro-forestry practices by small-scale farmers in Katsina State, Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis. Pg.141.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tOuma, J., Murithi, F., Mwangi, W, Verkuijl, H., Gethi M, and De Groote, H. (2002). Adoption of Maize Seed and Fertilizer Technologies in Embu District, Kenya. CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), Mexico, D.F.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tRahm, R., and Huffman, W. (1984). The Adoption of Reduced Tillage: The Role of Human Capital and Other Variables. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 66(4): 405-413.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tRavallion, M., &#038; Chen, S. (2004). \u201cHow has the world poorest fared since the early 1980s\u201d World Bank Research Observer, 19 (2): Pp141-170.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tReardon, T., Stamoulis, K., and Pingali, P. (2007). \u201cRural Nonfarm Employment in Developing Countries in an era of Globalization.\u201d Agricultural Economics 37:173\u2013183.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tRidgley, M.,and Brush, B. (1992).Social factors and selective technology adoption: the case of integrated pest management, Human org. 51: 367-378.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Isaac, O. Oyewo, Oreoluwa, B. Ajayi, Dami, A. Aruwajoye, Oyetundun, O Olawale, Ifeoluwa, D. Olunlade &#8220;Socio-economic Determinants of Farmland Management Practices in Ido Local Government Area Oyo State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.293-298 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/293-298.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/293-298.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/socio-economic-determinants-of-farmland-management-practices-in-ido-local-government-area-oyo-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Socio-economic Determinants of Farmland Management Practices in Ido Local Government Area Oyo State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0309e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d0309e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0317e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0317e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0333b\" data-id=\"5d0333b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0349b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d0349b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d03552 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d03552\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d036d1\" data-id=\"5d036d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d037ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d037ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d03899 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d03899\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d03a05\" data-id=\"5d03a05\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d03b1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d03b1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Suggested Approaches to Achieve Effective Implementation of Strategies to Revive Manufacturing Companies in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. Fainos Chinjova, Tichafa Chiramba, Primrose Ncube &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 299-302<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d03bbe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d03bbe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d03d33\" data-id=\"5d03d33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d03e5e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d03e5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined issues that need to be addressed by the Government of Zimbabwe before they could implement strategies to revive the manufacturing sector in Bulawayo in order for the strategies to produce tangible results. An interpretivism paradigm was adopted in order to generate a lot of data in the field and from the site where participants experienced the problem. The study used a multiple case study design involving 20 manufacturing companies operating in Bulawayo which facilitated a holistic and in-depth investigation of the issues that need to be taken into account in order to ensure effectiveness of the strategies implemented to revive the manufacturing sector in Bulawayo. The findings of the study were that the Government needs to address corruption, avail funds to manufacturing companies, review investment laws, improve the supply of water and electricity in Bulawayo, introduce cheap mode of transport to the manufacturing sector, review the Indigenisation and Empowerment Act, review tax laws and allow manufacturing companies to procure their own fuel from neighbouring countries.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 299-302\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Fainos Chinjova<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nGraduate School of Business. National University of Science and Technology, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tichafa Chiramba<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nGraduate School of Business. National University of Science and Technology, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Primrose Ncube<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nGraduate School of Business. National University of Science and Technology, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAssociation of Bulawayo Businesses Report (2016)<br \/>\r\n[2]\tChitemba, P (2011). Mail and Guardian. 22 June 2014.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tCohen D. &#038; Crabtree B. (2006).  Qualitative Research Guidelines Project.  Retrieved from http:\/\/www.qualres.org\/HomeSemi-3629.html.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tCohen, D. &#038; Crabtree, B. (2006). Qualitative Research Guidelines Project. Sage<br \/>\r\n[5]\tPublications. Creswell, J. W (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods, (2ndEd.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tCreswell, J. W. (2007).  Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and mixed Methods Approaches, (2nd Ed.).  Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tCreswell, J. W. (2009).  Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, (3rd Ed.).  Los Angeles: Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tCreswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five. Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tCreswell, J.,W. (2007). Research design. Qualitative and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tCreswell, J.,W. (2014). Research design. qualitative and mixed methods approaches. (4th ed.). Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tDavies, R (2007): Industry and Accumulation in Africa. London: Heinemann<br \/>\r\n[12]\tMoyo. S (2000): Land Reform and Structural adjustment in Zimbabwe: Land Use Change in  the Mashonaland provinces. Uppsala: Nardiska Afrika Institute.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tMugumisi, N. (2014).   Microeconomic Determinants of Migrant Remittances into Zimbabwe: A Survey of Zimbabweans in Botswana and South Africa. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2(3), 201 \u2013 210.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tPrabash, E. (2012) Interpretivism and Positivism (Ontological and Epistemological Perspectives). Available at  https:\/\/prabash78.wordpress.com.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tWelman, C.; Kruger, F. &#038; Mitchell, B. (2005).  Research Methodology, (3rd Ed.).  Cape Town: Oxford University Press Southern Africa.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tMarshall, C., &#038; Rossman, G. B. (2011). Designing qualitative research (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks<br \/>\r\n[17]\tUnited States Agency for International Development Report (2006)<br \/>\r\n[18]\tThe Solidarity Peace Trust (2011).  Matabeleland: urban deindustrialization \u2010 and rural hunger. [Online]. Available at http:\/\/solidaritypeacetrust.org\/download\/report-files\/Hard%20Times%20Nov%202011.pdf.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Fainos Chinjova, Tichafa Chiramba, Primrose Ncube &#8220;Suggested Approaches to Achieve Effective Implementation of Strategies to Revive Manufacturing Companies in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.299-302 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/299-302.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/299-302.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/suggested-approaches-to-achieve-effective-implementation-of-strategies-to-revive-manufacturing-companies-in-bulawayo-metropolitan-province\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Suggested Approaches to Achieve Effective Implementation of Strategies to Revive Manufacturing Companies in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d04c28 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d04c28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d04d02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d04d02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d04e88\" data-id=\"5d04e88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d04fa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d04fa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d05057 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d05057\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d051ea\" data-id=\"5d051ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d05328 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d05328\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d053d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d053d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0553a\" data-id=\"5d0553a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d05653 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d05653\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Auditor\u2019s Independence (AUDINDP) and the Quality of Financial Reporting (FRQ) in Listed Deposit Money Banks (DMB\u2019s) in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Professor Owolabi, S.A.,   Afolayan, Oluwatobi &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 303-309<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d056f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d056f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0586f\" data-id=\"5d0586f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d059b2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d059b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research evaluates the impact of the AUDINDP on the quality of FRQ in listed DMB\u2019s in Nigeria. The necessity for auditors\u2019 independence is fundamental for completion of the audit reporting process. Autonomy of the auditor reveals in technical, investigative as well as reporting practices. For an audit report to be openly certified as capturing the true picture of things, the auditors ought to be viewed to be certainly autonomous. The population for this research comprised of 20 listed DMB\u2019s in Nigeria. Purposive non-probability sampling method was employed to select the sample of ten (10) banks. Secondary data was adopted and likewise gathered from certified corporate annual report of the sampled DMB\u2019s. Descriptive tests, correlation analysis as well as panel OLS regression was adopted for analysis purposes. The research discovered that there exists a positive association amid AUDINDP and FRQ in DMB\u2019s. AUDINDP is a major audit quality in financial reporting. Auditors and professional accountants should follow the integrity of autonomy to realize credibility as well as reliability demanded from FR.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 303-309\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Professor Owolabi, S.A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor, Department of Accounting, Babcock University, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Afolayan, Oluwatobi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Babcock University, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdeyemi, S. B., &#038;Okpala, O. (2011). The impact pf audit independence on financial reporting: Evidence from Nigeria. Business and Management Review, 1 (4), 9-25.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAlbeksh, H. M. (2017). Factors affecting the independence of the external auditor within the auditing profession.International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, 4 (2), 680-689.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAl-Dmour, A. H., Abbod, M., &#038; Al-Balqa, N. S. A. (2018). The impact of the quality of financial reporting on non-financial business performance and the role of organizations demographic\u2019 attributes (type, size and experience). Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 22 (1), 1-18.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAl-Eissa, A. I. (2009). Non-Audit Services and Auditor Independence: The Case of Saudi Arabia (Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Victoria University, Saudi Arabia). Retrieved from http:\/\/vuir.vu.edu.au\/2008\/<br \/>\r\n[5]\tArnold, P. J., &#038;Sikka, P. (2001). 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(1995). Characteristics of internal auditing quality, field study in Saudi Arabia.General Management Journal, 35 (3), 405-451.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tHudaib, M. (2003).Understanding auditor independence in Saudi Arabia: Perceptions of selected groups of auditors and users (Unpublished doctoral thesis), University of Essex, Colchester.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tIASB.(2008). Objective and qualitative characteristics of accounting information. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ifrs.org\/current-projects\/iasb-projects\/conceptual-framework<br \/>\r\n[26]\tLacey, D. (2011).The role of humiliation in collective political violence (Mastersthesis, University of Sydney, Australia). Retrieved from http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.903.5617&#038;rep=rep1&#038;type=pdf<br \/>\r\n[27]\tJenkins, G. (1999). A declaration of independence.Journal of Accountancy, 187 (5), 31-33.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tJensen, M. C., &#038;Meckling, W. H. (1976). 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The Accounting Review, 60 (2), 202-211.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tLowe, D., Geiger, M., &#038;Pany, K. (1999). The effects of internal audit outsourcing on perceived external auditor independence.Auditing: A Journal of Practice &#038; Theory, 18, 7-26.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tMautz, R. K. &#038;Sharaf, H. A. (1961).The Philosophy of Auditing. Sarasota FL: American Accounting Association.<br \/>\r\n[35]\tMcLennan, A., &#038; Park, 1. (2003). The market for liars: reputation and auditor honesty (Discussion Paper No. 587) Osaka University, Japan: The Institute of Social and Economic Research<br \/>\r\n[36]\tNiyonzima, T., &#038;Akintoye, I. R. (2018). Qualitative characteristics of financial information and shareholder\u2019s value creation in selected commercial banks in Rwanda. International Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management, 2 (6), 1-17.<br \/>\r\n[37]\tNwanyanwu, L. A. (2017). Audit quality practices and financial reporting in Nigeria.International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences. 7 (2), 145-155.<br \/>\r\n[38]\tNwaobia, A. N., Kwarbai, J. D., &#038;Ajibade, A. T. (2016). Financial reporting quality on investors decisions. International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, 2 (7), 140-147.<br \/>\r\n[39]\tOkolie, A. O. (2006). Fundamentals of audit practice. Agbor, Nigeria: Progress Printing Associates.<br \/>\r\n[40]\tOkolie, A. O. (2007). Auditor\u2019s re-appointment and its impact on audit independence.The Nigerian Accountant, 40 (4).<br \/>\r\n[41]\tOladele, O. K. (n. d.). Auditor\u2019s independence and accountability in Nigeria public enterprises: a case of the Nigerian Ports Authority. (Doctoral Thesis, Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna).<br \/>\r\n[42]\tPearson, M., &#038;Ryans, J. A. J. (1981\/ 1982).Fee structure and competition in public accounting.The Ohia CPA Journal, 14 (1), 53-56.<br \/>\r\n[43]\tSalehi, M. (2010).Evaluating effectiveness of external auditors\u2019 report: empirical evidence from Iran.Pak. J. Commer. Soc. Sci. 4 (1), 69-83.<br \/>\r\n[44]\tShockley, R. A. (1982). Perceptions of auditor independence: a conceptual model. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 5 (2), 126-143.<br \/>\r\n[45]\tSori, Z. M. (2016).Perceived auditor independence and size of audit firm.ResearchGate, 1-21.<br \/>\r\n[46]\tTasios, S., &#038;Bekiaris, M. (2012). Auditor\u2019s perceptions of financial reporting quality: the case of Greece. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 2 (1), 57-74.<br \/>\r\n[47]\tTerzungwe, N. (2013). Financial Reporting Quality of Nigerian Firms: Users\u2019 Perception. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4 (13), 273-279.<br \/>\r\n[48]\tTitman, S., &#038;Trueman, B. (1986).Information quality and the valuation of new issues.Journal of Accounting and Economics, 8, 159-172.<br \/>\r\n[49]\tVolosin, E. (2007). The theories of audit expectations and the expectations gap. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.grin.com\/document\/116911<br \/>\r\n[50]\tWright, A., &#038; Wright, S. (1997). An examination of factors affecting the decision to waive audit adjustments.Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 12, 15-36.<br \/>\r\n[51]\tXie, F. (2016).Competition, auditor independence and audit quality (Doctor of Philosophy thesis, University of Hawaii, Manoa). Retrieved from https:\/\/scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu\/bitstream\/10125\/51624\/1\/2016-12-phd-xie.pdf<br \/>\r\n[52]\tYamani, A. (1991). The factors that effects on external auditor independence from points of views the analysts and borrowers in the Saudi Arabia.General Management Journal, 71, 183-229.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Professor Owolabi, S.A.,   Afolayan, Oluwatobi &#8220;Auditor\u2019s Independence (AUDINDP) and the Quality of Financial Reporting (FRQ) in Listed Deposit Money Banks (DMB\u2019s) in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.303-309 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/303-309.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/303-309.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/auditors-independence-audindp-and-the-quality-of-financial-reporting-frq-in-listed-deposit-money-banks-dmbs-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Auditor\u2019s Independence (AUDINDP) and the Quality of Financial Reporting (FRQ) in Listed Deposit Money Banks (DMB\u2019s) in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d067d4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d067d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d068b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d068b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d06a30\" data-id=\"5d06a30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d06b55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d06b55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d06bf9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d06bf9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d06d4a\" data-id=\"5d06d4a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d06e54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d06e54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d06ef8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d06ef8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0703e\" data-id=\"5d0703e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0714a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d0714a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d071e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d071e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d07346\" data-id=\"5d07346\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d07451 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d07451\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Social Media: A Way Forward in Students\u2019 Perception of French Language in Junior Secondary Schools in Benin Metropolis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>ALUFOHAI, Peace Joan &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 310-313<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d07507 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d07507\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d07675\" data-id=\"5d07675\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d077a4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d077a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Over the years, the lackadaisical way in which students, parents and the society in general treat French language in Nigeria is very worrisome. Thus, this study is geared towards investigating the place of social media in students\u2019 learning abilities in French. The simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 100 JSS 3 students in 5 private junior secondary schools in Benin metropolis, Edo State. The descriptive survey design was used for the study. A four point Likert type rating scale questionnaire was adopted for the study. The descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentage were used to analyse the demographic data while chi-square statistics was used in testing the research hypothesis. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the JSS 3 students use social media wrongly and that social media can be used to enhance students\u2019 perception of French. Based on the findings, it was recommended that social media should be used by French language teachers to enhance students\u2019 perception of the subject. In addition, social networking sites should be expanded to enhance academic activities.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 310-313\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ALUFOHAI, Peace Joan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbah, J. I. (2016). Teaching and learning of French: Imperative for educational opportunities. National Development and management review (INJODEMAR), vol. ii.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAsemah, E. S.; Okpanachi, R. A. &#038; Edegoh, L.O. N. (2013). Influence of social media on the academic performance of the undergraduate students of Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN 2222-1719 (paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (online) vol. 3, No. 12. Retrieved from https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tBariki, O. (1999). Le Fran\u04abais au Nig\u00e9ria. Historique statut et importance. In: Nnoruka, M. (ed.) cours de langue et de lit\u00e9rature fran\u04abaise, 22-32. Ilorin, D\u00e9partment de langue vivantes europ\u00e9ennes.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tBernard, K. J. &#038; Dzandza, P. E. (2018). Effects of social media on academic performance of students in Ghanaian University: A case study of university of Ghana library philosophy and practice (e-journal) university of Nebraska \u2013Lincoln. Digitakarman university of Nebraska Lincoln.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tDalandi, S. S. (2013). Language policy: Nigeria and the role of English Language in the 21st century. European scientific journal vol. 9 No. 17 ISSN: 1857-7881 (print) e-ISSN 1857-743 12. Retrieved on the 2nd August, 2019<br \/>\r\n[6]\tGobaye, B. (2015). Pedagogical implication of the use of multimedia in teaching and learning of Babcock University High school. A paper presented at the 2015 3rd international conference on the future of Higher education in Africa. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.babcock. Edu.ny<br \/>\r\n[7]\tJaia, N, verma, A., Verma, R., &#038; Tiwari, P. (2012). Going social: The impact of social networking in promoting education. International journal of computer science (IKSI), 9 (i), P. 483-485 ISSN: 1694-0814. Retrieved from http:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED548379<br \/>\r\n[8]\tKhan, S. (2010). Impact of social networking website on students Abasyan journal of social science 5 (2). 56-75. Retrieved from www.irjims.com<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMC Dermott, G. (2013). Le r\u00f4le des m\u00e9dias sociaux dans l\u2019engeignement de langues   \u00e9trangeres: Une \u00e9tude de cas pour le FLE. Open Edition Journal vol xxxii No. 2 p. 141-157. Retrieved from https:\/\/journals.openedition.org<br \/>\r\n[10]\tOkunura, S. (2016). The use of an educational social networking site for English language learning beyond the classroom in a Japanese university setting, research bulletin of education, vol.11. Retrieved from https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov<br \/>\r\n[11]\tOmekwu, C. O. (2019). Smart schools new frontiers for education in the digital age. Faculty of education, Ambrose Alli University, Distinguished guest lecture delivered on the 14th of May, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tPaliwala, A. (2001). \u201cLearning in cyberspace\u201d The journal of information, Law &#038; Technology (JILT). Retrieved from: http:\/\/elj.warwick.ac.uk\/jilt\/01-11puliwala.html<br \/>\r\n[13]\tRinika, M. &#038; Selvaras, S. (2013). Impact of social media on students\u2019 academic performance. Internal journal of logistics and supply\u2026., 2013-research gate net. Retrieved from https:\/\/scholar.google.com<br \/>\r\n[14]\tSukri, H. I. M., Mustapha, L. Othman, M., Aralas D. and Ismail, L. (2018). Social media: Engaging language learning. International journal of academic research in business and social science vol. 8(12) 287-294. Retrieved from: http:\/\/hrmars.cony. Index php\/pages\/detail\/IJARBSS<br \/>\r\n[15]\tTalaue, G. M, Alsaad, A; Alrushaidan, N. Alhugail, A and Alfahhad, S. (2018). The impact of social on academic performance of selected college students. International journal of Advanced Information Technology (IJAIT) vol. 8 ND. 4\/5. Retrieved from aircconline\u2026.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tYunus, M., &#038; Salehi, H., (2012). The effectiveness of facebook groups on teaching and improving writing: students\u2019 perceptions. International journal of education and information technologies 6. Retrieved from research. Iaun.ac.ir>pdfs>pages m-778.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">ALUFOHAI, Peace Joan &#8220;Social Media: A Way Forward in Students\u2019 Perception of French Language in Junior Secondary Schools in Benin Metropolis&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.310-313 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/310-313.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/310-313.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/social-media-a-way-forward-in-students-perception-of-french-language-in-junior-secondary-schools-in-benin-metropolis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Social Media: A Way Forward in Students\u2019 Perception of French Language in Junior Secondary Schools in Benin Metropolis<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d08614 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d08614\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d086f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d086f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d08871\" data-id=\"5d08871\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0898d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d0898d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d08a28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d08a28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d08b7d\" data-id=\"5d08b7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d08caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d08caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d08d50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d08d50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d08eaa\" data-id=\"5d08eaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d08fb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d08fb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0905b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0905b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d091be\" data-id=\"5d091be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d092ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d092ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Modified Game Based Activities in Motor Control and Functional Outcome of Stroke Patients<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Nighat Tahir, Sana Nauman, Shankar Ahuja, Dr Madiha Zia &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 314-319<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0936a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0936a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d094e5\" data-id=\"5d094e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d09624 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d09624\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Background: Stroke is one of the most common causes of physical disability, and early, intensive, and repetitive rehabilitation exercises are crucial to the recovery of stroke survivors. Unfortunately, research shows that only one third of stroke patients actually perform recommended exercises at home, because of the repetitive and mundane nature of conventional rehabilitation exercises. Thus, to motivate stroke survivors to engage in monotonous rehabilitation is a significant issue in the therapy process. Game-based rehabilitation systems have the potential to encourage patients continuing rehabilitation exercises<br \/>\r\nObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate\/explore the effect \/impact of modified game based activity that improve hand functioning<br \/>\r\nMethod: This study was conducted at Institute of physical medicine and rehabilitation DOW University of health sciences.  15 patients those included were diagnosed as stroke through randomized control trial; patients having muscle grade 3, aged between 20-50, acute cases were included .All patients received conventional therapy and additional game based activities 4 days a week. Sports based therapy included Basket Ball, Balloon Bounce, Volley Ball, Cricket, and Football .These 5 activities covered with warm up and cool down exercises. Pre and post assessment is done by Fugal Mayer and Chadock scale.<br \/>\r\nResult: There is significant difference in baseline pre and post assessment of fugal Mayer and CAHAI scoring Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed. Value of p<0.05 In fugal Mayer   A Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test indicated that posttest score was significantly higher than pretest  Z = -3.413, p < .001 total measure of upper extremity and lower extremity as well as shoulder external rotation ,wrist ability adduction, opposition of thumb ,and grip if individually measured it also showed significant value of p<.001<br \/>\r\nConclusion: Modified sports can turn the rehabilitation exercises more appealing and provide innate motivation to individual. The participants experienced increased quality of life, a greater propensity to use their affected arm and enhanced task performance<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 314-319\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nighat Tahir<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakisthan<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sana Nauman<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakisthan<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Shankar Ahuja<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakisthan<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr Madiha Zia<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakisthan<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario. Management of the Post Stroke Arm and Hand: Treatment Recommendations of the 2001 Consensus Panel. Available at: http:\/\/209.5.25.171\/ClientImages\/1\/ PostStrokeArmandHandFinal2002.pdf. Accessed April 20, 2005.<br \/>\r\n[2]\t.Khealani BA, Hameed B, Mapari UU. Stroke in Pakistan.Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2008;58(7):400.<br \/>\r\n[3]\t.M Ishaq khan1*, Junaid I Khan2*, Sheikh I Ahmed3 and Umer ul Haq4 1 Walden University, USA 2 George Mason University, USA 3 Yusra Medical College, DHA Islamabad, Pakistan 4 Department of Neurology, AMC Rawalpindi, Pakistan,The Epidemiology of Stroke in a Developing Country (Pakistan). Volume 8 Issue 1 &#8211; 2018 , Seymour J. The Aftermath of Stroke: The Experience of Patients and Their Families. 1993; 449\u2013450.<br \/>\r\n[4]\t.Henri L Hurkmans, 1 Gerard M Ribbers,1,2 Marjolein F Streur-Kranenburg,1 Henk J Stam,1 andRita J van den Berg-Emons1 Energy expenditure in chronic stroke patients playing Wii Sports: a pilot study, J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2011; 8:<br \/>\r\n[5]\t.Stroke Rehabilitation: Guidelines for Exercise and Training to Optimise Motor Skill<br \/>\r\n[6]\t.Fugl-Meyer AR, Jaasko L, Leyman I, et al. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient, 1: a method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand JRehabil Med.<br \/>\r\n[7]\t.Kennon T.francis,The role of endorphins in exercise:Areview of current knowledge.the journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy.096-6011\/83\/0403-<br \/>\r\n[8]\t.Susan R Barreca, Paul W Stratford, Lisa M Masters, Cynthia L Lambert, Jeremy GriffithsComparing 2 Versions of the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory With the Action Research Arm Test,Physical Therapy . Volume 86 . Number 2 . February 2006<br \/>\r\n[9]\t.Barreca SR, Gowland CA, Stratford PW, et al. Development of the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI): theoretical constructs, item generation, and selection. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004<br \/>\r\n[10]\t.Tennille J. Rowland, Deirdre M. Cooke1, Louise A. Gustafsson, Role of occupational therapy after stroke, Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2008;11:S99-S107<br \/>\r\n[11]\t.Laurie Lundy-Ekman Relationship between lower extremity muscle strength and dynamic balance in people post-stroke Article  in  Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) \u2022<br \/>\r\n[12]\t.Shanta Pandian, Kamal Narayan Arya, and Dharmendra Kumar ,Does Motor Training of the Nonparetic Side Influences Balanceand Function in Chronic Stroke? A Pilot RCT, Hindawi Publishing Corporation ,Scienti\ufb01c World Journal Volume 2014, Article ID 769726, 8 pag<br \/>\r\n[13]\t.Arya KN, Pandian S, Verma R, et al. Movement therapy induced neural reorganization and motor recovery in stroke: a review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2011; 15:528\u2013537. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[14]\t.Sandra A. Billinger, PT, PhD, FAHA, Chair; Ross Arena, PT, PhD, FAHA, Co-Chair;Julie Bernhardt, PT, PhD; Janice J. Eng, BSc, PT\/OTPhysical Activity and Exercise Recommendations for Stroke Survivors, http:\/\/stroke.ahajournals.org<br \/>\r\n[15]\t.Robert Teasell MD, Norhayati Hussein MBBS,Background Concepts in Stroke Rehabilitation,Evidence based review of stroke rehabilitation.<br \/>\r\n[16]\t.Abbott RD, Rodriguez BL, Burchfiel CM, Curb JD. Physical activity in older middle-aged men and reduced risk of stroke: the Honolulu Heart Program. American journal of epidemiology. 1994; 139(9): 881\u2013893. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[17]\t.Agnarsson U, Thorgeirsson G, Sigvaldason H, Sigfusson N. Effects of leisure-time physical activity and ventilatory function on risk for stroke in men: the Reykjavik study. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1999;130(12):987\u2013990. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[18]\t.Ellekj\u00e6r H, Holmen J, Ellekj\u00e6r E, Vatten L. Physical activity and stroke mortality in women: ten-year follow-up of the Nord-Trondelag Health Survey, 1984\u20131986. Stroke. 2000;31(1):14\u201318. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[19]\t.Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al. Physical activity and risk of stroke in women. JAMA. 2000;283(22):2961\u20132967. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[20]\t.American Journal of Epidemiology. 1994;140(7):608\u2013620. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[21]\t.Gillum RF, Mussolino ME, Ingram DD. Physical activity and stroke incidence in women and men: the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1996;143(9):860\u2013868.[PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[22]\t.Haheim LL, Holme I, Hjermann I, Leren P. Risk factors of stroke incidence and mortality: a 12-year follow-up of the Oslo study. Stroke. 1993;24(10):1484\u20131489. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[23]\t.Wannamethee G, Shaper AG. Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men. British Medical Journal. 1992;304(6827):597\u2013601. [PMC free article] [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[24]\t.Sacco RL, Gan R, Boden-Albala B, et al. Leisure-time physical activity and ischemic stroke risk: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke. 1998;29(2):380\u2013387. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[25]\t.Shinton R, Sagar G. Lifelong exercise and stroke. British Medical Journal. 1993;307(6898):231\u2013234.[PMC free article] [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[26]\t.You R, McNeil JJ, O\u2019Malley HM, Davis SM, Donnan GA. Risk factors for lacunar infarction syndromes. Neurology. 1995;45(8):1483\u20131487. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[27]\tYou RX, McNeil JJ, O\u2019Malley HM, Davis SM, Thrift AG, Donnan GA. Risk factors for stroke due to cerebral infarction in young adults. Stroke. 997;28(10):1913\u20131918. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[28]\tHu G, Sarti C, Jousilahti P, Silventoinen K, Barengo NC, Tuomilehto J. Leisure time, occupational, and commuting physical activity and the risk of stroke. Stroke. 2005; 36(9):1994\u20131999. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[29]\tWilliams PT. Reduction in incident stroke risk with vigorous physical activity: evidence from 7.7-year follow-up of the national runners\u2019 health study. Stroke. 2009; 40(5):1921\u20131923. [PMC free article] [PubMed] Published online 2011 Jul 14.<br \/>\r\n[30]\tEvenson KR, Rosamond WD, Cai J, et al. Physical activity and ischemic stroke risk: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Stroke. 1999; 30(7):1333\u20131339. [PubMed]<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nighat Tahir, Sana Nauman, Shankar Ahuja, Dr Madiha Zia &#8220;Impact of Modified Game Based Activities in Motor Control and Functional Outcome of Stroke Patients&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.314-319 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/314-319.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/314-319.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-modified-game-based-activities-in-motor-control-and-functional-outcome-of-stroke-patients\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Modified Game Based Activities in Motor Control and Functional Outcome of Stroke Patients<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0a595 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d0a595\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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August 2020 Page No.: 320-325<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0b387 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0b387\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0b4ee\" data-id=\"5d0b4ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0b61d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d0b61d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Women were regarded as inferior and sometimes are still regarded as inferior to men and looked down upon.  They are sometimes underestimated in issues regarding leadership and management as they are stereotyped and regarded as not being capable of being at the top. This belief came as a result of how men and women are socialized. In actual sense there is little reason to believe that either women or men make superior managers or different types of managers.  Hoverer, there are some little differences but this is socially constructed.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 320-325\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Chipo Mutongi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD, MSc, MBA, BA, HND-LIS, Dip-Edu, Dip-LIS, Dip-Personnel Mgnt, Dip- Salaries Admn.<br \/>\r\nMidlands State University, Zimbabwe Open University, City of Harare, Associate Chief Editor-IJDS<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tChamisa, Makururu, Nyoni, Hamadziripi and Mutongi (2019) Dynamic Research Journals (DRJ) Journal of Economics and Finance (DRJ-JEF) Volume 4 ~ Issue 2 (March, 2019) pp: 38-44 ISSN (Online): 2520-7490<br \/>\r\n[2]\tGiddens, A (2009) Sociology. Cambridge: Polity Press<br \/>\r\n[3]\tHaralambos, M. and Holbon, M. (2004) Sociology: Themes and Perspectives.  London: HarperCollins.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tHarrison, O.  (2002)   The Spirit of Leadership. New Delhi: Viva Books Private Books Limited.<br \/>\r\n[5]\t(Liff and Ward, 2001).<br \/>\r\n[6]\tMaxwell (2008) The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership. Mumbai: Magna Publishing Co. Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tMcKenna, C. (2003) Powerful Communication Skills. Mumbai: Magna Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMullins (2010)  Management and Organisational Behaviour. Harlow: Pearson.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tNyamunda, P. (2002) Organizational Leadership. Harare: Zimbabwe Open University.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tPierce, J. L and Newstron, J.W.  (1987) Leaders and the Leadership Process. Irwin: McGraw Hill.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tRobbins S. P. and Coutler M. (2005) Management. Delhi: Pearson   Education.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tSenge, P.M. (2004) The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation. Sydney:  Random House.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tThe Bible (1979) The Bible: Revised Standard. New York: CollinsBible.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Chipo Mutongi &#8220;Either Women or Men Make Superior Managers and Leaders: A Critique&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.320-325 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/320-325.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/320-325.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/either-women-or-men-make-superior-managers-and-leaders-a-critique\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Either Women or Men Make Superior Managers and Leaders: A Critique<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0c3fa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d0c3fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0c4db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0c4db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0c651\" data-id=\"5d0c651\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0c776 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d0c776\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0c812 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0c812\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0c964\" data-id=\"5d0c964\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0ca6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d0ca6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0cb15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0cb15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0cc70\" data-id=\"5d0cc70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0cd81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d0cd81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effect of Challenge-Based Learning on the Mastery of Discourse Analysis Subject<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Hery Yufrizal, Cucu Sutarsyah, Feni Munifatullah  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 326-330<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0ce1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0ce1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0cf91\" data-id=\"5d0cf91\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0d0df elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d0d0df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The objectives of this study are to investigate whether Challenge-Based Learning can improve the mastery of Discourse Analysis subject at the English study Program of the University of Lampung, and to investigate the factors that significantly influence the mastery of Discourse Analysis subject taught through Challenge-Based Learning at the English study Program of the University of Lampung. This study used quasi-experimental research design. The subjects of this study were students enrolled as participants at \u2018Discourse Analysis\u2019 subject at the Universitas Lampung. In this case, the students served both as the population and sample of the study. The results show that there was a significant difference of students\u2019 achievement in three challenge-based learning activities. Challenge 1 (read, write, and present) got better result of learning compared to Challenge 2 (read, relate, present). There was no significant difference between Challenge 2 and Challenge 3 (read, illustrate, present, and argue), while there was a significant difference of achievement between Challenge 1 and Challenge 3<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 326-330\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hery Yufrizal <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Cucu Sutarsyah <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Feni Munifatullah <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tApple, Inc. (2008) Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow\u2014Today Learning in the 21st Century. Cupertino, California: Apple, Inc.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAnderson, L. W., &#038; Krathwohl, D.R. (Eds). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom\u2019s taxonomy of educational objectives. New York:Longman.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tCosta, A., Lucena, C., Lemos H., Carvalho, G., Fuks, H., &#038; Venieris, R. (2018). Multidisciplinary groups learning to develop mobile applications from the challenge-based learning methodology. 318-327.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tGall and Borg, 2007.Educational Research. An Introduction, 8th Edition. Pearson.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tGee, J.P and Green, J.L. Review of Research in Education, Vol. 23 (1998), pp. 119-169<br \/>\r\n[6]\tGee, J. P. (1999). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method. New York: Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tGriffin G. (Ed.),( 2013) Research Methods for English Studies (pp. 93-112). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tJohnson, L. and Adams, S., (2011). Challenge Based Learning: The Report from the Implementation Project.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tNichols, M., Cator, K., Torres, M. and Henderson, D. (2016) Challenge Based Learner User Guide. Redwood City, CA: Digital Promise.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tNichols, Mark H., Cator, Karen (2009), Challenge Based Learning White Paper. Cupertino, California: Apple, Inc.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tO\u2019Mahony, T.K. , Vye, N.J., Bransford, J.D., Sanders, E.A., Stevens, R., Stephens, R.D., Richey, M.C., Lin, K.Y., Soleiman, M.K. (2012). A Comparison of Lecture-Based and Challenge-Based Learning in a Workplace Setting: Course Designs, Patterns of<br \/>\r\n[12]\tNichols, Mark H., Cator, Karen (2009), Challenge Based Learning White Paper. Cupertino, California: Apple, Inc.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tNordquist, Richard. \u201cLanguage and Gender Studies.\u201d ThoughtCo, Feb. 11, 2020, thoughtco.com\/language-and-gender-studies-1691095<br \/>\r\n[14]\tPhillips, N. &#038; Hardy, C. (2002). Discourse analysis: Investigating processes of social construction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tSantos, Alan R., Sales, Afonso, Fernandes, Paulo, Nichols Mark H. (2015). Combining Challenge Based Learning and Scrum Framework for Mobile Application Development. Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tStoller, F. 2006. In Project based second and foreign language education: Past, present, and future, ed. G.H. Beckett and P.C. Miller, 19\u201340. Greenwich, CT: Information Age.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tWhite, H., &#038; S. Sabarwal (2014). Quasi-experimental Design and Methods, Methodological Briefs: Impact Evaluation 8, UNICEF Office of Research, Florence.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tWood, L.A. &#038; Kroger. R.O. (2000). Doing discourse analysis: Methods for studying action in talk and text. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hery Yufrizal, Cucu Sutarsyah, Feni Munifatullah  &#8220;The Effect of Challenge-Based Learning on the Mastery of Discourse Analysis Subject&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.326-330 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/326-330.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/326-330.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-challenge-based-learning-on-the-mastery-of-discourse-analysis-subject\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Effect of Challenge-Based Learning on the Mastery of Discourse Analysis Subject<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0dea4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d0dea4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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August 2020 Page No.: 331-340<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0ec05 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0ec05\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0ed86\" data-id=\"5d0ed86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0eed8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d0eed8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In Kenya, supermarkets have witnessed challenging times due to unpredictable business environment. In recent times, the industry has seen some of the largest players like Uchumi and Nakumatt close most of their outlets. Therefore, this study assessed strategy implementation on organizational performance of the supermarkets in Nairobi County. Specifically, the study looked at organizational resource allocation, strategy communication, senior management support, monitoring and control of strategies and how they affect organizational performance of selected supermarkets in Nairobi County.  The resource based view theory, agency theory and institutional theory were used. The study adopted a descriptive research design and it targeted 27 supermarkets operating in Nairobi County and its management staff who included the operations and human resource managers. The target respondents were 54, two from each of the supermarkets. A census was used thus all of the 54 respondents were included in the study . Hence, the unit of analysis were the 27  supermarkets in Nairobi County while the accessible population were the operations and human resource managers. The researcher collected information using structured questionnaires. A description of  patterns in the collected data was done using mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. Regression analysis was used to  establish the relationship between strategy implementation and its effect on  performance  of the selected supermarkerts  in Nairobi county so that relevant conclusions could be made. The findings were presented in the form of tables, figures, charts and discussions. The study established that monitoring and control of strategies had the largest effect on organizational performance followed by strategy communication, organizational resource allocation and lastly senior management support. This study concluded that strategy implementation had a postive and significant effect on organizational performance. The study recommended that the management of the supermarkets in Nairobi County should  ensure that controls in strategy seek to optimize performance of their supermarkets while monitoring strategy implementation activities should seek to enable supermarkets in Nairobi County  to minimize wastage of available resources.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 331-340\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Priscillah Wanjiru Gitau  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster of Business Administration (Strategic Management), St. Paul\u2019s University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Robert Abayo  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Faculty of Business, Computer Science and Communication Studies, St. Paul\u2019s University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Priscillah Wanjiru Gitau  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Faculty of Business, Computer Science and Communication Studies, St. Paul\u2019s University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAlharthy, A. 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Implementation Approaches of Rural Cultural Revitalization Strategy from the Perspective of Resource-Based View-Taking Shuangliu District of Chengdu as an Example.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Priscillah Wanjiru Gitau, Robert Abayo, Mary Kibuine  &#8220;Influence of Organizational Resource Allocation and Strategy Communication on Organizational Performance of  Selected Supermarkets in Nairobi County&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.331-340 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/331-340.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/331-340.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-organizational-resource-allocation-and-strategy-communication-on-organizational-performance-of-selected-supermarkets-in-nairobi-county\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of Organizational Resource Allocation and Strategy Communication on Organizational Performance of  Selected Supermarkets in Nairobi County<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0fd0f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d0fd0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d0fe09 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d0fe09\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d0ff86\" data-id=\"5d0ff86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d100ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d100ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d10150 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d10150\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d102ae\" data-id=\"5d102ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d103bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d103bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1045b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1045b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d105ac\" data-id=\"5d105ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d106b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d106b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d10753 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d10753\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d108af\" data-id=\"5d108af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d109be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d109be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Interpretations of English Nominal Elements by Kamba Speakers in Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Nicholas Kilonzo Kivuva, Dr. Gerry Ayieko &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 341-348<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d10a58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d10a58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d10bc2\" data-id=\"5d10bc2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d10ce5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d10ce5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Language principles are innate and all human beings are endowed with such ability to acquire and be competent in any human language. Notably, there are subtle variations in languages occasioned by its morphological property. As such, once morphological units have been acquired the language principles work naturally in constraining the language use. Some of the language principles which are innate and part of adult syntactic knowledge are the binding theory principles. Binding theory constrains the use of NPs in languages; there are asymmetrical results, however, on binding theory based research on knowledge of the binding principles among young children cross-linguistically see (Mustafawi &#038; Mahfoudhi, 2005). To investigate the innateness of binding principles among L2 learners; the current study looked at Kenyan form one students who have studied English nominal elements for more than seven years. The aim was to describe knowledge in nominal elements and how the students subconsciously interpret and use the binding principles as guided by the innate linguistic ability. Judgment test was used to elicit data from two different schools an experimental and a controlled one. The experimental school had studied a recommended class reader where an extract was lifted and students given seventeen test questions on nominal elements. Students were also given fifty questions on match and mismatch binding theory sentences (BT sentences hence forth) for interpretation. Lastly, the students wrote essays where BT sentences were extracted from their essays for judgment. Both phrase markers and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried to point out any significance difference in interpretation of the nominal elements within and between the two groups. The abstract linguistic ability among the form one students was evident from the students\u2019 use of nominal elements in spontaneous essay writing where 70% use of BT sentences was grammatical. Comprehensional skills which precede production skills lead to below chance in identification of nominal elements in context and interpretation of both match and mismatch nominal items in the BT sentences.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 341-348\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nicholas Kilonzo Kivuva <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Literature, Linguistic and Foreign Languages, Kenyatta University, Nairobi- Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Gerry Ayieko <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Literature, Linguistic and Foreign Languages, Kenyatta University, Nairobi- Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bloom, P., Barss, A., Nicol, J., &#038; Conway, L. (1994). Children\u2019s Knowledge of Binding and Coreference: Evidence from Spontaneous Speech. Language, 70(1), 53\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/416740<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBorer, H., &#038; Wexler, K. (1987). The maturation of syntax. In Parameter setting (pp. 123\u2013172). Springer. http:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-94-009-3727-7_6<br \/>\r\n[3]\tCarnie, A. (2000). Syntax. Blackwell Publishers Oxford.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tChien, Y.-C., &#038; Wexler, K. (1987). Children\u2019s Acquisition of the Locality Condition for Reflexives and Pronouns. http:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED288364<br \/>\r\n[5]\tCook, V., J. &#038; Newson, M. (2007). Chomsky\u2019s Universal Grammar:  An introduction (3rd ed.). Wiley, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tFischer, S. (2004). Optimal Binding. Natural Language &#038; Linguistic Theory, 22(3), 481\u2013526.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tGrimshaw, J., &#038; Rosen, S. T. (1990). Knowledge and Obedience: The Developmental Status of the Binding Theory. Linguistic Inquiry, 21(2), 187\u2013222.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tHaegeman, L. (1994). Introduction to Government and Binding theory (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishers Ltd 108 Cowley Road Oxford OX4 UF, UK.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tHedrick, T.E, Bickman, L., &#038; Rog, D.J. (1993). Applied Research Design: A practical guide. C.A: Sage.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tHendriks, P., &#038; Spenader, J. (2005). When Production Precedes Comprehension: An Optimization Approach to the Acquisition of Pronouns. Language Acquisition, 13(4), 319\u2013348.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tMadara. (1989)The Analysis of Pronominals and Anaphors In Dholuo A Government And Binding Approach. Retrieved 15 December 2016, from http:\/\/erepository.uonbi.ac.ke\/bitstream\/handle\/11295\/36473\/M.%20A.%20MADARA%20M.A.%201989.pdf?sequence=2&#038;isAllowed=y<br \/>\r\n[12]\tMbugua, N. (2012). The Man in Green Dungarees. Oxford University Press East Africa limited.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tMustafawi, E., &#038; Mahfoudhi, A. (2005). The Development of Binding Principles in Qatari Arabic. Georgetown University Press, 38\/39   pp., 19\u201343.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tMusyoka, E. K. (2015). Choice of prepositions by form three students in selected schools in Machakos County [Thesis, Kenyatta University]. http:\/\/ir-library.ku.ac.ke\/handle\/123456789\/15120<br \/>\r\n[15]\tOnyango, J. A. (2013). A semantic analysis of dholuo anaphors in simple declarative sentences: the minimalist program perspectives [University of Nairobi]. http:\/\/erepository.uonbi.ac.ke\/handle\/11295\/59270<br \/>\r\n[16]\t Quirk, R., Sideny, G., Geoffrey, L., &#038;  Jan, S. (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of The English language. Longman Group Limited.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tReinhart, T., &#038; Reuland, E. (1993). Reflexivity. Linguistic Inquiry, 24(4), 657\u2013720.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tSeliger, H. W. &#038; Shohamy, E. (1989). Second Language Research Methods. Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tWexler, K., &#038; Chien, Y.-C. (1985). The Development of Lexical Anaphors and Pronouns. Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, 24, 138\u201349.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tWexler, K., &#038; Manzini, M. R. (1987). Parameters and learnability in binding theory. In Parameter setting (pp. 41\u201376). Springer. http:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-94-009-3727-7_3<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nicholas Kilonzo Kivuva, Dr. Gerry Ayieko &#8220;Interpretations of English Nominal Elements by Kamba Speakers in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.341-348 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/341-348.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/341-348.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/interpretations-of-english-nominal-elements-by-kamba-speakers-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Interpretations of English Nominal Elements by Kamba Speakers in Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d11ad6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d11ad6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d11bb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d11bb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d11d2e\" data-id=\"5d11d2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d11e4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d11e4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d11efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d11efb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d12054\" data-id=\"5d12054\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d12165 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d12165\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d12202 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d12202\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1235a\" data-id=\"5d1235a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1245f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1245f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d12513 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d12513\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d12674\" data-id=\"5d12674\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d12788 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d12788\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Potential Impacts of Financial Literacy on the Economy through the Formulation and Implementation of Monetary Policy by Central Bank of Nigeria <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Chief Ajugwe, Chukwu Alphonsus Ph.D. &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 349-356<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d12823 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d12823\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1299d\" data-id=\"5d1299d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d12ac5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d12ac5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Financial Literacy being the potent tool that drives the economy is quite necessary in the transmission of monetary policy outcome to the economy. The cardinal argument is that if the economic actors are not financial literate, they will be incapable of the interpreting and having in-depth understanding of the monetary policy frameworks as enunciated by monetary authorities.  Financial literacy serves also as a strategic weapon for making positive and efficient investments by consumers and organizations which makes the critical sectors of the economy to get the required boast.<br \/>\r\nThe success of the Financial Literacy will not only have profound impact on monetary policy but also on financial inclusion which will make it possible for every eligible adult to open bank account,  in order to access all the banking services such as savings, deposits, loans and avail themselves to Information Communication Technology (ICT) as well. It is imperative to state that it will be accompanied with additional benefits such as e-banking and the use of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) which assured speedy transaction and convenience to consumers and the banking industry. In reality financial literacy is not only pivotal for financial inclusion but a critical component in providing strategic lead in achieving  financial stability and cashless policy which generates multiple advantages both to the customers and banks alike because of its cost minimization and convenience .<br \/>\r\nThe paper will examine in-depth the monetary policy and financial literacy, a robust approach on the impacts of both the financial literacy and monetary policy as being formulated and implemented by the monetary authorities will be undertaken. In addition the challenges, recommendations, and the conclusions will be critically analyzed.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 349-356\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chief Ajugwe, Chukwu Alphonsus Ph.D.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAkhtar, M.A. \u201cUnderstanding Open Market Operation.\u201d Public Information Department, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBamidele. A. \u201cThe Imperative of E-banking for Monetary Policy in Nigeria\u201d Central Bank of Nigeria Economic and Financial Review Vol. 43 March 2005, Number 1.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tBernanke, B. Address to America Economic Association meeting, San Diego (2004)<br \/>\r\n[4]\tBernanke, B, Rinehart, N. R. and Sack B.P. \u201cMonetary Policy Alternatives at the Zero Bound: An Empirical Assessment\u201d Brooking Papers on Economic Activities. (2004)<br \/>\r\n[5]\tBhinder, A.  \u201cCentral Banking in Theory and Practice.\u201d MIT Press Cambridge. (1998)<br \/>\r\n[6]\tEgbunna, E.N. \u201cCentral Bank Communication and Monetary Policy- The Case of Central Bank of Nigeria\u201d Bullion: Publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria Volume 32 November 4, October-December 2008.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tEn.wikipedia.org.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tFreenstra Robert C, Alan M. Taylor \u201cInternational Macrocosmic\u201d New York Worth (2012)<br \/>\r\n[9]\tLewis, Mandell and Linda Schmid Kleis \u201cThe Impact of Financial Literacy Education on subsequent Financial Behavior.\u201d Association for Financial Counseling and planning Education.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tMordi, C.N.O. (2009) Overview of Monetary Policy Framework in Nigeria, CBN Bullion Vol. 33. Number1, January \u2013March. Research Department CBN Monetary Sector Model for Nigeria<br \/>\r\n[11]\tMoses K. Tule \u201cMonetary Policy Management in Nigeria Today: Issue in Stagflation and Recession\u201d Bullion: Publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria Volume 42 NO. 1, January \u2013March 2018.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tMonetary Sector Model for Nigeria: Research Department, Central Bank of Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tNational Financial Literacy Framework, Central Bank of Nigeria (2016)<br \/>\r\n[14]\tOECD (2009) Framework for the development of Financial Literacy Baseline Survey: A first International Comparative Analysis OCID working paper.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tPiprek, G.L.  \u201cDevelopment of Strategy Options for financial literacy for S.A. USAID\u201d. South Africa (2009) Marketwar Africa ltd 2016.<br \/>\r\n[16]\twww.Investopidia.com<br \/>\r\n[17]\tWill Kenton Feb, 2020: Investopedia.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chief Ajugwe, Chukwu Alphonsus Ph.D. &#8220;The Potential Impacts of Financial Literacy on the Economy through the Formulation and Implementation of Monetary Policy by Central Bank of Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.349-356 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/349-356.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/349-356.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-potential-impacts-of-financial-literacy-on-the-economy-through-the-formulation-and-implementation-of-monetary-policy-by-central-bank-of-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Potential Impacts of Financial Literacy on the Economy through the Formulation and Implementation of Monetary Policy by Central Bank of Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d13867 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d13867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d13944 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d13944\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d13ab1\" data-id=\"5d13ab1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d13bc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d13bc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d13c73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d13c73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d13de7\" data-id=\"5d13de7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d13f0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d13f0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d13fa7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d13fa7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1410c\" data-id=\"5d1410c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d14219 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d14219\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Factors That Cause Someone to Become A Beggar in Traffic Lights of Sultan Agung Street, Way Halim Sub-District <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Hamda Wara, Dr. Trisnaningsih, M.Si., Dr. Sugeng Widodo, M.Pd. &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 357-359<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d142bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d142bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d14432\" data-id=\"5d14432\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1454c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d1454c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to describe the factors that cause someone to beg at the traffic lights of Sultan Agung Street, Way Halim Sub-District, Bandar Lampung City in 2019. The research method uses qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques in this study are observation and in-depth interviews.<br \/>\r\nThe results of this study concluded that the main factor that causes a person to become a beggar at the Sultan Agung Traffic Lights in Way Halim sub-district was poverty. Another factor that causes someone to become a beggar was the low level of education and hereditary habit factors, as well as the laziness feeling to work. For beggars, begging was a way or reaction to be able to survive in life.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 357-359\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hamda Wara<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster of Social Science Education, FKIP Universitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Trisnaningsih, M.Si.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster of Social Science Education, FKIP Universitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Sugeng Widodo, M.Pd.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster of Social Science Education, FKIP Universitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tEffendi, Noer. 1993.  Sumber Daya Manusia, Peluang Kerja dan Kemiskinan. Tiara Wacana : Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tIrawan, Dimas Dwi. 2013. Pengemis Undercover ( rahasia seputar kehidupan pengemis).  Titik Media: Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tSoekanto, Soerjono. 1985. Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar. CV Rajawali : Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tSoetrisno, Loekman. 1997. Kemiskinan, Perempuan, dan Pemberdayaan. Kanisius : Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tSugiyono. 2014. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif , dan R&#038;D. Alfabeta: Bandung. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hamda Wara, Dr. Trisnaningsih, M.Si., Dr. Sugeng Widodo, M.Pd. &#8220;Factors That Cause Someone to Become A Beggar in Traffic Lights of Sultan Agung Street, Way Halim Sub-District &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.357-359 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/357-359.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/357-359.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/factors-that-cause-someone-to-become-a-beggar-in-traffic-lights-of-sultan-agung-street-way-halim-sub-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Factors That Cause Someone to Become A Beggar in Traffic Lights of Sultan Agung Street, Way Halim Sub-District <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1539a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d1539a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1547c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1547c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d155ed\" data-id=\"5d155ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d15706 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d15706\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d15792 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d15792\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d158dc\" data-id=\"5d158dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d159f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d159f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d15a73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d15a73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d15bc8\" data-id=\"5d15bc8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d15cce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d15cce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d15d4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d15d4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d15e93\" data-id=\"5d15e93\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d15fa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d15fa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d16024 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d16024\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d16170\" data-id=\"5d16170\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d16272 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d16272\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d162ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d162ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1643c\" data-id=\"5d1643c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d16547 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d16547\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d165e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d165e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1673c\" data-id=\"5d1673c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d16843 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d16843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Constraints and Extent of Participation of Rural Women in Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa<\/i>p L.) Farming in Jaba Local Government Area of Kaduna State <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Balogun O.S, Owonibi, B .D, Olafemi, S O, and Alabi O, F &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 360-364<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d168dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d168dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d16a3d\" data-id=\"5d16a3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d16b6b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d16b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined the constraints and extent of participation of rural women in Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) farming in Jaba Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Primary data was collected through the use of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and likert type scale were used to analyse the data. The result revealed that the respondents were young with a mean age of about 31years, most 70(70%) of the respondents had a minimum of secondary school education. Women were found to participate highly in most farm activities involved in Turmeric farming except ploughing and chemical application. Fluctuation in price, pest and diseases were important factors that significantly constrained Turmeric farming in the area. The study recommended that the farmers should take advantage of associations and cooperative to bargain for better prices. Also, extension activities should be stepped up to forestall the incidence of pest and diseases.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 360-364\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Balogun O.S<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Afaka, Mando Kaduna  <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rachael Seun OLUWADARE<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Afaka, Mando Kaduna  <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olafemi, S O<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Afaka, Mando Kaduna <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alabi O, F<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Afaka, Mando Kaduna <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdegbola AA, Onayinka EAO (2006). A Review of Range Management Problems in Southern and Derived Savanna Zones of Nigeria. Trop. Grasslands 10(1): PP. 41-51.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBilkisu A. M (2011). Women Participation in Agriculture: The Role And Impact of    Agricultural Development Project (ADP) in Kogi State. Published M. Sc Thesis Submitted to the Postgraduate School Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tButt T.M, Hossa Z.Y,  Memood K and Muhammad S. (2010). Roles of women in agriculture A case study of rural Lahor . Pakistan J.Agric Soc. Sci. Vol 6(3) 54-56<br \/>\r\n[4]\tFAO (2003). Women Statistics in Agriculture. A Paper Presented at UNIFEM \u2013 ESCAP Workshop held at Bangkok \u2013 Thailand, 8 \u2013 10 January. Accessed 5th july, 2019 from http:\/\/www.unescap.org\/stat\/meet\/iags\/iags_gender_agri.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tFAO (2011). Women in Agriculture &#8211; Making a Strong Case for Investing in Women. Rome: FAO.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tFabiyi, E.F., B.B Danladi, K.E, Akande and Y, Mahmood. (2007). \u201cRole of Women in Agricultural Development and Their Constraints: A Case Study of Biliri Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria\u201d. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 6 (6): 676 \u2013 680.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tJilani M.S, Waseem K, Habib-ur-Reman M, Kiran G, Ahmad.J (2001). Performance of Different TumericCultivars in Derah Ismail Khan. Pakistan J. Agric. Sci. 49: 47-5<br \/>\r\n[8]\tOlife I.C, Onwualu A.P, Uchegbu K.I, Jolaoso M.A (2013). Status Assessment of Spice Resources in Nigeria. J  Biol, Agric Healthcare 3(9):12-18.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tKarim MR, Abedul H, Khairul A, Nurshad AS, Kazi A, Zahangir H, Ekhtear F, Abul A, Anwarul H, Seiichiro H, K(2010).Protective effects of the dietary supplementation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on sodium arsenite-induced biochemical perturbation in mice. Bangladesh Med Res Council Bull 36: 82-88<br \/>\r\n[10]\tOlojede AO, Iluebbey P, Dixon AGO (2005).IITA\/NRCRI Collaborative Germplasm and data collection on minor Root and Tuber Crops in Nigeria. In: Annual report 2005, National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike: pp.77-81.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tOlojede AO, Nwokocha CC (2011). A decade of research on minor root and tuber crops at NRCRI: The contribution towards food sufficiency and economic empowerment in Nigeria, In: Root and Tuber Crops Research for Food Security and Empowerment.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tOlojede AO, Nwokocha CC, Akinpelu AO, Dalyop T (2009). Effect of Variety, Rhizome and Seed Bed Types on Yield of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) under a Humid Tropical Agro-Ecol. Adv. Biol. Res. 3:40-42.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tRahman, S.A. and J.F. Alamu, 2003. Estimating the level of women interest in agriculture the application of logit regression model. Nig. J. Sci. Res., 4: 45-49.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tRavindran PN, Babu KN, Sivaranan K (2007). Turmeric: the genus Curcuma: medicinal and aromatic plants \u2013 industrial profiles. CRC press, Boca Raton, 484p.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tSasikumar B (2005). Genetic resources of curcuma: diversity, characterization and utilization Plant Genet Res 3: 230-251.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tSigrist MS, Pinheiro JB, Azevado-Filho JA, Zucchi MI (2011).Genetic divergence among Brazilian turmeric germ plasmusingmorpho-agronomical descriptors. Crop Breeding and Appl. Biotechnol. 11: 70-76.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tWikipedia, (2016). National Population commission of Nigeria.Bureau of statistics. Retrieved July 2019 at https: \/\/citypopulation.de.php\/nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Balogun O.S, Owonibi, B .D, Olafemi, S O, and Alabi O, F &#8220;Constraints and Extent of Participation of Rural Women in Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa<\/i>p L.) Farming in Jaba Local Government Area of Kaduna State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.360-364 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/360-364.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/360-364.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/constraints-and-extent-of-participation-of-rural-women-in-turmeric-curcuma-longa-l-farming-in-jaba-local-government-area-of-kaduna-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Constraints and Extent of Participation of Rural Women in Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa<\/i>p L.) Farming in Jaba Local Government Area of Kaduna State<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1791c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d1791c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d179f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d179f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d17b6e\" data-id=\"5d17b6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d17c92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d17c92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d17d37 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d17d37\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d17e96\" data-id=\"5d17e96\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d17fa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d17fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1803c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1803c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1819f\" data-id=\"5d1819f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d182b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d182b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Comparison of the Use of the Quick on the Draw Cooperative Learning Model and the Guided Inquiry Learning Type against Student Learning Outcomes <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Sulasmi, Pargito, Risma Margaretha Sinaga &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 365-368<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1834f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1834f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d184ae\" data-id=\"5d184ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d185c7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d185c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research was aimed at finding out (1) the differences between the students\u2019 achievement that used cooperative learning model of quick on the draw type and the students\u2019 achievement that used guided inquiry  learning model, (2) the effect of using cooperative learning model of quick on the draw type on the students\u2019 learning achievement. (3) the effectivities of using cooperative learning model of quick on the draw type on the students\u2019 learning achievement. Quasi experiment was used in this study. The populations were the students at class XI Social 1 and 2. To analyze the data, T-Test and linear regression analysis were used. The results showed that (1) there was a difference between the students\u2019 achievement that used cooperative learning model of quick on the draw type and the students\u2019 achievement that used guided inquiry learning model, (2) there was more than effect of using cooperative learning model of quick on the draw type on the students\u2019 learning achievement.(3) there was an effective of using cooperative learning model of quick on the draw type on the students\u2019 learning achievement with guided inquiry learning.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 365-368\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sulasmi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster of Social Science Education, FKIP Universitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pargito<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster of Social Science Education, FKIP Universitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Risma Margaretha Sinaga<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster of Social Science Education, FKIP Universitas Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tGinnis, Paul. 2008. Tricks and Teaching Tactics Strategies to Increase Teaching Achievement in the Classroom. Jakarta: Index.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tRiyanto, Yatim. 2010. New Learning Paradigm. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tSagala, Syaiful. 2013. Concepts and Meanings of Learning. Bandung: Alfabeta.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tSugiyono 2012. Educational Research Methods Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&#038;D Approaches. Bandung: Alfabeta.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sulasmi, Pargito, Risma Margaretha Sinaga &#8220;Comparison of the Use of the Quick on the Draw Cooperative Learning Model and the Guided Inquiry Learning Type against Student Learning Outcomes &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.365-368 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/365-368.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/365-368.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/comparison-of-the-use-of-the-quick-on-the-draw-cooperative-learning-model-and-the-guided-inquiry-learning-type-against-student-learning-outcomes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Comparison of the Use of the Quick on the Draw Cooperative Learning Model and the Guided Inquiry Learning Type against Student Learning Outcomes <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1940e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d1940e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d194e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d194e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1965e\" data-id=\"5d1965e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1977b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1977b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d19807 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d19807\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1995c\" data-id=\"5d1995c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d19a6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d19a6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d19aed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d19aed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d19c41\" data-id=\"5d19c41\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d19d4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d19d4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d19de2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d19de2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d19f30\" data-id=\"5d19f30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1a041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a0bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1a0bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a20d\" data-id=\"5d1a20d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a30e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1a30e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a38e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1a38e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a4cb\" data-id=\"5d1a4cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a5d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1a5d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a673 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1a673\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a7d8\" data-id=\"5d1a7d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a8dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1a8dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effect of Learning Cooperative Learning Model Type Write Think Type to Improve Communication of Students <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Apri Liliani, Erlina Rufaidah, Pujiati &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 369-373<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1a980 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1a980\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1aad8\" data-id=\"5d1aad8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1abf8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d1abf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to determine the increase in communication skills of students who take the Think Talk Write type of cooperative learning compared to conventional learning. The design used is a pretest posttest control group design. The population is all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 9 Metro 2017\/2018 Academic Year distributed in seven classes. Sampling was done using purposive sampling technique. The research data were obtained through tests of communication skills.<br \/>\r\nThis research concludes that the cooperative learning model of think talk write type affects the communication skills of students.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 369-373\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Apri Liliani<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Erlina Rufaidah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pujiati<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Budiyono. 2003. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tDahar, Ratna Wilis. 2011. Teori-Teori Belajar &#038; Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Erlangga.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tHuda. 2013. Model-Model Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tIsjoni. 2014. Cooperative Learning. Alfabeta. Bandung<br \/>\r\n[5].\tSuprijono, Agus. 2015. Cooperative Learning. Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta Aksara<br \/>\r\n[6].\tWahyudin. 2008. Pembelajaran dan Model-model Pembelajaran. Jakarta: CV Ipa Abong<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Apri Liliani, Erlina Rufaidah, Pujiati &#8220;The Effect of Learning Cooperative Learning Model Type Write Think Type to Improve Communication of Students&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.369-373 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/369-373.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/369-373.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-learning-cooperative-learning-model-type-write-think-type-to-improve-communication-of-students\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Effect of Learning Cooperative Learning Model Type Write Think Type to Improve Communication of Students<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1ba75 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d1ba75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1bb5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1bb5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1bcd2\" data-id=\"5d1bcd2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1bdfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1bdfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1bea3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1bea3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1bffd\" data-id=\"5d1bffd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1c110 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1c110\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1c1ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1c1ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1c310\" data-id=\"5d1c310\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1c41d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1c41d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effects of Policy Regulation on Alcohol Trade in Kirinyaga County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Kangangi Muriuki Paul, Dr. Wilson Muna, PhD &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 374-383<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1c4bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1c4bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1c62b\" data-id=\"5d1c62b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1c763 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d1c763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Although governments have absolute obligation to control alcohol trade and enactment of new laws, alcohol trade is still a big issue in Kenya. This article provides the investigation concerning effects of policy regulation on alcohol trade in Kirinyaga West, Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The article adopted the availability theory and single distribution theory pioneered by Single Eric and Sully Lederman respectively. 349 respondents from 38 urban centres in Kirinyaga West Sub County served as a target population. A sample size of 35 alcohol traders was used as respondents of the study.  Interviews and questionnaires were used in data gathering. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analyzed into themes and patterns. The study results revealed that issuing of licensing limits; enacting licensing laws and penalties have helped regulate the alcohol trade. Corruption has undermined compliance with alcohol trade policies while police arrests have helped to control the alcohol trade. The study also showed that majority of alcohol traders do not conform to stipulated operating hours while a good number of manufacturers do conform to the requirements of labelling standards. In few cases alcohol is sold to underage persons. The study recommended that County government should educate members of the public and officials involved in alcohol regulation on how to implement enforcement strategies successfully.  There  should  be  proper evaluation  of  licensing  policies  to  ensure  they  work  well  in  alcohol  trade  regulation.  The government  should  also  carry  out  interim  audits  on  alcohol  businesses  to  ensure  they  comply with  required  policies  that  would  lead  to  successful  alcohol  policy  regulations.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 374-383\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kangangi Muriuki Paul <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Humanities and Social sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya <\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Wilson Muna, PhD <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Humanities and Social sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAchieng, K. 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Public Health Policy, Vol 21, No 3, pp 303-327<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kangangi Muriuki Paul, Dr. Wilson Muna, PhD &#8220;Effects of Policy Regulation on Alcohol Trade in Kirinyaga County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.374-383 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/374-383.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/374-383.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effects-of-policy-regulation-on-alcohol-trade-in-kirinyaga-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effects of Policy Regulation on Alcohol Trade in Kirinyaga County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1d557 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d1d557\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1d62e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1d62e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1d7af\" data-id=\"5d1d7af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1d8e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1d8e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1d96a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1d96a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1dac2\" data-id=\"5d1dac2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1dbd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1dbd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1dc59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1dc59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1dd9e\" data-id=\"5d1dd9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1deb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1deb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1df30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1df30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e07d\" data-id=\"5d1e07d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1e182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e1fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1e1fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e349\" data-id=\"5d1e349\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e455 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1e455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e4d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1e4d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e621\" data-id=\"5d1e621\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e72b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1e72b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e7c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1e7c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e92d\" data-id=\"5d1e92d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1ea38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1ea38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Phenomenon of Private Higher Education: A Review of the Rationale, the Merits and Demerits<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Samson C. R. Kajawo- August 2020 Page No.: 384-392<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1ead2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1ead2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1ec50\" data-id=\"5d1ec50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1ed8d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d1ed8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Expansion of enrolment has been the central higher education reality for the past half-century all over the world. Literature is rich with reasons that ignited the global emergence of private universities. This article reviews the rationale, merits and demerits of the emergence and the expansion of the private universities in a bid to boost the continuity of the private higher education discourse. In this review, it has been noted that growth in private higher education provision was mainly fuelled by the growth in people\u2019s demand for higher education access due to the failure of supply by public universities especially in African countries. Scholars have pointed out the ability to create jobs, extend higher education opportunities to many students left out by public universities\u2019 selections in Africa and providing stable academic calendars as the major merits of the existence of private universities in the countries. Nevertheless, numerous weaknesses were also revealed. According to some studies, due to their focus on profits, they were contributing to the degradation of higher education quality, propagating inequality in the society and were limited and selective in the study programmes they offered. Several studies also revealed the inadequacy of resources in terms of human, physical and infrastructure as another weakness that likely compromised the quality of education provided.  From this review, it has been noted that many studies had been done in many African countries related to performances and challenges of private universities. Nevertheless, there is still a need for more studies to be done focusing on quality assurance and control.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 384-392\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samson C. R. Kajawo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAbubakar, M. (2005). Why private universities are necessary, relevant. Guardian Newspapers. http:\/\/www.guardiannewsngr.com\/education\/article04<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAhemba, T. (November 15, 2006). Decay dims Africa\u2019s once-proud universities. Mail and Guardian. Ibadan, Nigeria. https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/2006-11-15-decay-dims-africas-onceproud-universities<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAjadi, T. O. (2010). Private universities in Nigeria: The challenges ahead. American Journal of Scientific Research, 7, 15-24. http:\/\/www.eurojournals.com\/ajsr.htm<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAkpotu, N. E. &#038; Akpochafo, W. P. (2009).  An analysis of factors influencing the upsurge of private universities in Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences, 18(1), 21-27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09718923.2009.11892663<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAltbach, P. &#038; Salmi, J. (Eds.). (2011). The road to academic excellence: The making of world-class research universities. The World Bank.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tAltbach, P. G. (1998). Private higher education: Themes and variations in comparative perspective. International Higher Education, 10(1), 2-4.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tAmponsah, E. B. &#038; Onuoha, L. N. (2013).  The performance and challenges of private universities in Ghana and Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(5). http:\/\/www.ijbssnet.com\/journals\/Vol_4_No_5_May_2013\/30.pdf<br \/>\r\n[8].\tBadat, S. &#038; Sayed, Y. (2014). 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World Bank Technical Department, Africa Region.<br \/>\r\n[39].\tShankar, A. (2016). Role of private sector in higher education.  http:\/\/www.prsindia.org\/administrator\/uploads\/general\/1453203086_Role%20of%20Private%20Sector%20in%20Higher%20Education.pdf<br \/>\r\n[40].\tShen, H., Hua, S. &#038; Johnstone, E. D. B. (2017). Higher education finance in China. http:\/\/gse.buffalo.edu\/org\/inthigheredfinance\/files\/Country_Profiles\/Asia\/China.pdf<br \/>\r\n[41].\tSsewamala, F. M. (2014). Optimizing the \u201cdemographic dividend\u201d in young developing countries: The role of contractual savings and insurance for financing education. International Journal of Social Welfare, 24(3), 248-262.<br \/>\r\n[42].\tSuleiman, Y., Hanafi, Z. B., &#038; Tanslikhan, M. (2017). Private universities and development of higher education in Nigeria: A mixed methods approach. 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DIFID-WB collaboration on knowledge and skills in the new economy. http:\/\/siteresources.worldbank.org\/EDUCATION\/Resources\/278200-1126210664195\/1636971-1126210694253\/China_Higher_Education.pdf.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Samson C. R. Kajawo &#8220;The Phenomenon of Private Higher Education: A Review of the Rationale, the Merits and Demerits&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.384-392 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/384-392.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/384-392.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-phenomenon-of-private-higher-education-a-review-of-the-rationale-the-merits-and-demerits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Phenomenon of Private Higher Education: A Review of the Rationale, the Merits and Demerits<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1fb90 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d1fb90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1fc6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1fc6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1fde5\" data-id=\"5d1fde5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1fef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1fef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d1ff9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d1ff9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d200f4\" data-id=\"5d200f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2020b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2020b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d202a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d202a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2040d\" data-id=\"5d2040d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d20520 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d20520\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Examination of Obstacles towards Managing of Inter-Clan Conflicts within the Somali Community of Wajir North Sub-County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Robert Aengwony, Lilian Machariah and Samson Busalire &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 393-407<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d205c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d205c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d20785\" data-id=\"5d20785\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d208f2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d208f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Members of the Degodia and Ajuran clans have been conflicting in Wajir North Sub-County since the pre-colonial era. Several actors have not successful managed to resolve the conflicts despite the available strategies and interventions. This is an indication that these strategies have not been successful, and that was the prime interest of this study. The objective of the study was to examine the obstacles of managing inter-clan conflicts within the Somali Community of Wajir North Sub-County. The study employed The Human Needs Theory and Social Conflict Theory. The study sampled 492 respondents who included 400 household heads, 25 assistant chiefs, 16 police officers, 20 business entities, 4 NGOs, 15 Village Elders and 12 youth leaders in peace committees. Questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion, observation checklists and interviews were used in data collection. The study found out that youth employment (72%) and solving historical injustices (68%) would increase harmony among the communities and would help in propagating peace between them. The study recommends that poverty alleviation and creation of job opportunities for the youths in the region should be prioritized by the national and county governments.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 393-407\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Robert Aengwony<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Peace and Conflict Studies, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O BOX, 190-50100 Kakamega, KENYA<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lilian Machariah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Peace and Conflict Studies, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O BOX, 190-50100 Kakamega, KENYA<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samson Busalire<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Peace and Conflict Studies, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O BOX, 190-50100 Kakamega, KENYA<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbdullahi, J. 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James currey, Ohio University press and Unisa press.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Robert Aengwony, Lilian Machariah and Samson Busalire &#8220;Examination of Obstacles towards Managing of Inter-Clan Conflicts within the Somali Community of Wajir North Sub-County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.393-407 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/393-407.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/393-407.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/examination-of-obstacles-towards-managing-of-inter-clan-conflicts-within-the-somali-community-of-wajir-north-sub-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Examination of Obstacles towards Managing of Inter-Clan Conflicts within the Somali Community of Wajir North Sub-County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2177b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d2177b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d21854 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d21854\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d219cb\" data-id=\"5d219cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d21aef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d21aef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d21b6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d21b6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d21cbb\" data-id=\"5d21cbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d21dcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d21dcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d21e49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d21e49\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d21f9e\" data-id=\"5d21f9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d220ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d220ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2212b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2212b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2228c\" data-id=\"5d2228c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d22399 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d22399\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d22416 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d22416\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2255e\" data-id=\"5d2255e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2266b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2266b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d226ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d226ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d22833\" data-id=\"5d22833\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d22944 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d22944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d229df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d229df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d22b49\" data-id=\"5d22b49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d22c94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d22c94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Leveraging a Public Infrastructure Project as a Driver for Technology Development \u2013 A Case Study on a Technology Transfer Model for the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Development Project <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Abdul Rahman Hamdan, Dr. Mohamad Syazli Fathi, Professor Emeritus Dr. Zainai Mohamed &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 408-420<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d22d3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d22d3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d22ed4\" data-id=\"5d22ed4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d23019 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d23019\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In realizing the strategic leverage large public procurement has on technol- ogy development, several countries have introduced technology transfer programs within strategic public procurement to develop the capability of their local industries. This pa- per uses a mix-method analysis of qualitative and quantitative data from a case study of   a technology transfer model in a public rail infrastructure project in Malaysia. For the quantitative analysis, a total of 202 respondents from the contractors and consultants have participated in the survey. The results of the analysis show that the critical success factors for determining the technology outcome of the KVMRT Technology Transfer program are \u201cTechnology Transfer Planning\u201d, \u201cTransfer Environment\u201d and \u201cLearning Environment\u201d. The study concludes that the factor most influencing the outcome is \u201cLearning Environ- ment\u201d. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to improve the technology transfer process for similar future rail projects. The study recommendations include (1) Improvement of the current government policy on Technology Transfer, (2) Focusing on innovation as one of the main criteria for a successful TT outcome, (3) Digitalization of the TT Process and (4) Establishment of a Technology Transfer Office (TTO) within a government strategic procurement project.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 408-420\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdul Rahman Hamdan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPh.D Candidate, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, University Teknologi Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mohamad Syazli Fathi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPh.D, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, University Teknologi Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Professor Emeritus Dr. Zainai Mohamed<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPh.D, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, University Teknologi Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tH A. 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Organizational Research Methods, 6(4):465\u2013 481. URL 10.1177\/1094428103257362;https:\/\/dx.doi. org\/10.1177\/1094428103257362.<br \/>\r\n[59]\tR. K. Yin. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. SAGE Publications, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[60]\tA.G. Yong and S. Pearce, 2013. A Beginner\u2019s Guide to Factor Analysis: Focusing on Exploratory Factor Anal- ysis. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychol- ogy, 9(2):79\u201394. URL 10.20982\/tqmp.09.2.p079;https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.20982\/tqmp.09.2.p079.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abdul Rahman Hamdan, Dr. Mohamad Syazli Fathi, Professor Emeritus Dr. Zainai Mohamed &#8220;Leveraging a Public Infrastructure Project as a Driver for Technology Development \u2013 A Case Study on a Technology Transfer Model for the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Development Project&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.408-420 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/408-420.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/408-420.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/leveraging-a-public-infrastructure-project-as-a-driver-for-technology-development-a-case-study-on-a-technology-transfer-model-for-the-klang-valley-mass-rapid-transit-development-project\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leveraging a Public Infrastructure Project as a Driver for Technology Development \u2013 A Case Study on a Technology Transfer Model for the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Development Project<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d23fdb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d23fdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d240d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d240d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d24275\" data-id=\"5d24275\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d243b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d243b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d24461 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d24461\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d245ea\" data-id=\"5d245ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d24713 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d24713\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d247e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d247e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2499f\" data-id=\"5d2499f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d24ad2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d24ad2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Attitudes of Higher Education Students toward Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Afam Uzorka (PhD), Yakubu Ajiji Makeri (PhD) &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 421-425<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d24b78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d24b78\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d24cf6\" data-id=\"5d24cf6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d24e37 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d24e37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study was to assess Higher Education student\u2019s attitude toward learning during COVID-19 pandemic. The study also explores the factors affecting student\u2019s attitude towards learning during COVID-19 pandemic. The study population consist 344 students and 10 lecturers in Kampala. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed in the study. Demographic data was also collected on the lecturers and students involved in the study. Questionnaire of Attitudes toward learning during COVID-19 Pandemic (QATLCP) was used as the principal quantitative data collection instrument.<br \/>\r\nThe techniques used for analysis of the quantitative data were: descriptive statistics; analysis of variance (ANOVA); test for differences and regressions. In terms of the focus group data, interviews were audio recorded; transcribed and thematic analysis was conducted on the transcripts.<br \/>\r\nAlthough the results of the quantitative data analysis revealed that students had generally favorable attitudes toward learning during COVID-19 pandemic, focus group data indicated that a number of factors across three contexts (the environment, school system and society) seemed to be fundamental in shaping students attitude toward learning during COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 421-425\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Afam Uzorka (PhD)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nKampala International University, Uganda<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yakubu Ajiji Makeri (PhD)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nKampala International University, Uganda<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tCandeias Adelinda, Rebelo Nicole, Franco Gl\u00f3ria and Mendes Patr\u00edcia. (2010). Student\u2019 Attitudes and Motivation toward learning and school \u2013 Study of exploratory models about the effects of socio-demographics, personal attributes and school characteristics. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/209270454. Accessed on 10th May 2020<br \/>\r\n[2]\tGina Almazan, Rachel Almendros, Jeoffrey Gabriel and Chris Valencia (2020) Professional Education Let Reviewer 2020 by LETPasser.com.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tH.\u015eenay \u015een (2013) The Attitudes of University Students Towards Learning. DOI: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.06.177<br \/>\r\n[4]\tIrshad Hussain (2007) A study of student&#8217;s attitude towards virtual education in Pakistan. Turkish online Journal of Distance Education 8(2).<br \/>\r\n[5]\tJason Mikes and John Mcllwaine (2020) Keeping the world\u2019s children learning through COVID-19. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/coronavirus\/keeping-worlds-children-learning-through-covid-19 accessed on 9th May 2020<br \/>\r\n[6]\tOppenheim, A.N. (1966). Questionnaire design and attitude measurement. New York: Basic Books<br \/>\r\n[7]\tPaul Leblanc (2020) COVID-19 has thrust universities into online learning-how should they adapt? https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/education-plus-development\/2020\/03\/30\/covid-19-has-thrust-universities-into-online-learning%E2%81%A0-how-should-they-adapt\/  accessed on 9th May 2020<br \/>\r\n[8]\tProf Russell M Viner, PhD. et al. (2020) School Closure and Management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30095-X<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Afam Uzorka (PhD), Yakubu Ajiji Makeri (PhD) &#8220;Attitudes of Higher Education Students toward Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.421-425 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/421-425.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/421-425.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/attitudes-of-higher-education-students-toward-learning-during-covid-19-pandemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Attitudes of Higher Education Students toward Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d25ce6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d25ce6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d25de4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d25de4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d25f6c\" data-id=\"5d25f6c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d260ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d260ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d26166 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d26166\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d262bb\" data-id=\"5d262bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d263d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d263d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d26471 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d26471\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d265de\" data-id=\"5d265de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d26719 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d26719\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Development of Mechanics Problem-Based Learning Model with Multi Representation Approach to Practice Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skill of Elasticity and Hooke\u2019s Law, And Static Fluid Concepts in Senior High School <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. Rosyid Althaf &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 426-437<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d267db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d267db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d26986\" data-id=\"5d26986\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d26ad3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d26ad3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research aims to develop instructional model problem-based mechanics with multi representation approach (the instructional model of Orientation IPA) to practice students\u2019 critical thinking skill. The used method is research and development referring to Borg &#038; Gall. This development research includes three stages, namely preliminary study stage, the development of model design and trials stage, and model evaluation stage. The focus of this research is in preliminary study and model design development stages resulting the instructional model of Orientation IPA. The expert validation is conducted by three experts and eight teachers of model users. The trial stage is conducted to students of 10th grade of Science Mathematics department of three classes. The sample determination uses Simple Random Sampling technique. The data analysis uses quantitative descriptive technique. The research results show that the instructional model of Orientation IPA meets the validation, practice and effectiveness requirements.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 426-437\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Rosyid Althaf<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nReseacher, Head of Section of Senior High School Development &#038; Special Education at the Education Office of East Java Province, Jember Region, Indonesia <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAinsworth, S. (1999).The Functions of Multiple Representations.Computers &#038; Education, 33, 131-152.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAnderson, Lorin W., &#038; Krathwohl, David R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching and Assessing: a Revision of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy.New York. LongmanPublishing.(http: \/\/www.kurwongbss. qld.edu.au\/ thinking\/Bloom\/blooms.htm).<br \/>\r\n[3]\tArends, R. I. (1997). Classroom Instruction and Management. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tArends, R.I. (2004). Learning to Teach. New York: McGraw-Hill.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tArends, R.I. (2008). Learning to Teach, Belajar untuk Mengajar. Edisi Ketujuh. Jilid Dua. (Translated by Soedjipto, Helly, P. and Soedjipto, Sri, M.) Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tBerger, D.E., Pezdeck, K., dan Banks, W.P. (1987). Application of Cognitive Psychology: Problem solving, education, and computing, Hillsdale: New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tBowen, C.W. 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New York: Macmillian.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tMarzano, R. J. (1993). How classroom teachers approach the teaching of thinking. Dalam Donmoyer, R., &#038; Merryfield, M. M (Eds.): Theory into practice: Teaching for higher order thinking. 32(3). 154-160.<br \/>\r\n[35]\tMcDermott, L.C. &#038; PEG.(2004). Physics by Inquiry [Online] Tersedia: http:\/\/www.phys.washington.edu\/RGoups\/peg\/pbi.html.<br \/>\r\n[36]\tMoore, B.N., &#038; Parker, R. (1994).  Critical thinking.  Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.<br \/>\r\n[37]\tMoust, J.H.C., Van BerkeL, H.J.M., and Schimdt, H.G. (2005). \u201cSigns of erosion: Reflections on three decades of problem-based learning at Maastricht University.\u201d Higher Education, 50, 665-683.<br \/>\r\n[38]\tNational Education Department. 2013. Currillum 2013 physics for senior high school. Jakarta: Depdiknas.<br \/>\r\n[39]\tNational Education System No. 20\/2003, Jakarta<br \/>\r\n[40]\tNieveen, Nienke. (1999). Prototyping to Reach Product Quality. 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(Online). http:\/\/ searchyahoo.com\/ search? p=problem+based+learning. Diakses 9 Maret 2013.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Rosyid Althaf &#8220;The Development of Mechanics Problem-Based Learning Model with Multi Representation Approach to Practice Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skill of Elasticity and Hooke\u2019s Law, And Static Fluid Concepts in Senior High School&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.426-437 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/426-437.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/426-437.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-development-of-mechanics-problem-based-learning-model-with-multi-representation-approach-to-practice-students-critical-thinking-skill-of-elasticity-and-hookes-law-and-static-flu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Development of Mechanics Problem-Based Learning Model with Multi Representation Approach to Practice Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skill of Elasticity and Hooke\u2019s Law, And Static Fluid Concepts in Senior High School<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d27924 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d27924\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d27a06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d27a06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d27b89\" data-id=\"5d27b89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d27cb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d27cb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d27d59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d27d59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d27ecf\" data-id=\"5d27ecf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d27fe4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d27fe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d28092 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d28092\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d281f8\" data-id=\"5d281f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d28314 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d28314\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Potentials of Islamic Banking on Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Rabiu Abubakar Abba, Besar Bin Ngah &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 438-443<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d283b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d283b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d28532\" data-id=\"5d28532\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d28657 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d28657\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">It is a well-known fact that the global financial crisis prompted the establishment of Islamic finance to complement the traditional financial institutions, as a medium to lessen the endemic risk exposure inherent in the financial institutions. The principle goals and functions of the Islamic finance comprises the economic well-being of the populace, through full employment and maximum rate of economic growth, equal distributions of income and wealth and as a result socio-economic justice, and the generation of sufficient savings and their productive mobilization and stability in the value of money (Chapra, 2000). On the other hand, poverty, which is the absence of means to attain a \u201cdecent\u201d standard of living, has been found to be very common in the Muslim world. It has been estimated that over 40 per cent of the Muslim population languishes in abject poverty, with nearly 350 million living on less than US$1.25 a day (C0MCEC, 2014). The objective of this study is therefore, to determine whether Islamic banking in Abuja, Nigeria has the potentials to alleviate poverty. The research is exploratory in nature, relying on secondary sources of data such as journals, periodicals, conference proceedings, textbooks, internet search and other source of published data.  Findings from the analysis revealed that Islamic Banking is indeed a means of alleviating poverty. The conclusion drawn from the study indicates that the following are the poverty alleviation strategies, methods and instruments used by Islamic banks, these are; Murabaha, Mushraka, Mudaraba, Ijarah, Sukuk, Interest free service, good business ethics, Islamic microfinance and corporate social responsibility. The study further observed that Abuja, Nigeria\u2019s Federal Capital, with its large Muslims population, shifting of attention and growing interest on Islamic banking products by its populace and the promotion of development of infrastructures in Malaysia and other countries presents a great potential for the practicability of Islamic banking products in alleviating poverty in Abuja, Nigeria.  The study therefore, recommended that Islamic Banking should be highly encourage by the appropriate authorities in order to assist in the war against poverty in Abuja and Nigeria at large.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 438-443\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rabiu Abubakar Abba<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Besar Bin Ngah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbedifar, P., Ebrahim, M.S., Molyneux, P. and Tarazi, A. (2015) Islamic banking and finance:  Recent empirical literature and directions for future research, Journal of Economic Surveys (Forthcoming).<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAbedifar, P., Hasan, I. and Tarazi A. (2015). Finance-Growth Nexus and Dual-Banking Systems: Relative Importance of Islamic Banks. Working Papers in Responsible Banking &#038; Finance. Centre for responsible banking and finance.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAchmad T. &#038; Fauzan H. (2019). Does Islamic Banking Financing Help the Poor? Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Accounting, Business &#038; Economics (UII-ICABE 2019).<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAl-Hafiz b. &#038; Hajar A. (1996). Bulughu al-Maram part I. Riyadh-Saudi Arabia: Dar-us- Salam publication.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAl-Qaradawi Y. (1989). The lawful and the prohibited in Islam. Lagos: Al-Tawheed Publishing Company<br \/>\r\n[6]\tBashir, A. M. (2018). Reducing Poverty and Inracome Inequalities: Current Approaches and Islamic Perspective. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tChapra, M. U. (1996). Monetary Management in an Islamic economy. Islamic Economic Studied.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tDonou-Adonsou, F., &#038; Sylwester, K. (2016). Financial development and poverty reduction in developing countries: New evidence from banks and microfinance institutions. Review of Development Finance. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdf.2016.06.002<br \/>\r\n[9]\tEl-Galfy, Ahmed &#038; Khiyar, Khiyar. (2012). Islamic Banking and Economic Growth: A Review. Journal of Applied Business Research. 943956.10.19030\/jabr.v28i5.7236.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tHo, S.-Y., &#038; Odhiambo, N. M. (2016). Finance and Poverty Reduction in China: An Empirical Investigation. International Business &#038; Economics Research Journal (IBER). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19030\/iber.v10i8.5382.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tKareem, M. K. (2012). Utilizing Islamic Banking Products to Alleviate Poverty in Nigeria. Ife Journal of Religions Vol. 8, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tMuhammad, A. I., Maidoki, M.L. &#038; Sani, U. M. (2018). The role of Islamic Social Finance in empowering Youth and Women in Sokoto State of Nigeria. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, Volume 3, Special Issue (2018), pp 141 \u2013 152.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tNdagi, M. U. (2011). Islamic Banking Is About Equity II. In Weekly Trust 2 July, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tOlajide, B. (2010). Islamic Banking: The Hidden Treasures. The Guardian 15 December, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tPoliduts, A., &#038; Kapkaev, Y. (2015). Economic Growth: Types and Factors. International Conference on Eurasian Economies.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tSetiawan, I. (2017). Role of Islamic Banking and Conventional Against Poverty with the Dual Banking System. Mimbar, Jurnal Sosial Dan Pembangunan. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29313\/mimbar.v32i2.1916.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tSeven, U., &#038; Coskun, Y. (2016). Does financial development reduce income inequality and poverty? Evidence from emerging countries. Emerging Markets Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ememar.2016.02.002.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tZhang, Q., &#038; Chen, R. (2015). Financial development and income inequality in China: An application of SVAR approach. Procedia Computer Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2015.07.159.\\<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rabiu Abubakar Abba, Besar Bin Ngah &#8220;The Potentials of Islamic Banking on Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.438-443 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/438-443.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/438-443.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-potentials-of-islamic-banking-on-poverty-alleviation-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Potentials of Islamic Banking on Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d29458 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d29458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d29539 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d29539\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d296e9\" data-id=\"5d296e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d29829 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d29829\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d298b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d298b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d29a0a\" data-id=\"5d29a0a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d29b11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d29b11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d29b97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d29b97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d29ce3\" data-id=\"5d29ce3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d29df3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d29df3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d29e6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d29e6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d29fc3\" data-id=\"5d29fc3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2a0ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2a0ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2a148 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2a148\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2a28a\" data-id=\"5d2a28a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2a396 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2a396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2a412 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2a412\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2a550\" data-id=\"5d2a550\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2a65c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2a65c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2a6f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2a6f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2a85f\" data-id=\"5d2a85f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2a975 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2a975\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Automation of Accounting Processes: Impact of Artificial Intelligence<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. Chukwuani, Victoria Nnenna, Dr. Egiyi, Modesta Amaka &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 444-449<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2aa13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2aa13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2ab90\" data-id=\"5d2ab90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2acb9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d2acb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly bringing change to the way financial institutions are operated and this change is expected to take over the core aspects of the accounting industry. The accounting profession has changed its focus from paper and pencil era to software and computer era. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of artificial intelligence on the accounting industry and the level of advancement of the accounting industry in automating the accounting process. Also, to understand the concept known as Artificial Intelligence, Robotic process automation, and how the 21st-century accountant can adapt to automation in the accounting industry.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 444-449\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Chukwuani, Victoria Nnenna<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, Enugu State University of Technology<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Egiyi, Modesta Amaka<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nNigeian Army University, Biu Borno State, NigeriaDepartment of Accountancy, Godfrey Okoye University, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAIIM (2018). What is Robotic Process Automation? (AIIM) Retrieved February 12, 2020, from Intelligent Information Management Glossary: https:\/\/www.aiim.org\/What-is-Robotic-Process-Automation#<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAlex, H., Fogel, K., Wilbank, C., Benard, G., and Serge, M. (2014). AI, robotics and the future of jobs. Pew Research Centre.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAxson, D. (2015). Finance 2020: Death by digital The best thing that ever happened to your finance organization. Retrieved from organization, Accenture, https:\/\/www.accenture.com\/t20150902T015110_w_\/us-en\/_acnmedia\/ Accen- ture\/Conversion-Assets\/DotCom\/Documents\/Global\/PDF\/Dualpub_21\/Accenture-Finance-2020-PoV. pdf<br \/>\r\n[4]\tBoulton, C. (2018, September 4). What is RPA? A revolution in business process automation. Retrieved February 13, 2020, from CIO Africa: https:\/\/www.cio.com\/article\/3236451\/what-is-rpa-robotic-process-automation-explained.html<br \/>\r\n[5]\tCarol, E., and O\u2019Leary, D. (2013). Introduction to artificial intelligence and export system. Retrieved from :http:\/\/www.mbsfile03.uscredu\/dialtalmeasures<br \/>\r\n[6]\tCFB, b. (2018). The Difference between Robotic Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cfb-bots.com\/single-post\/2018\/04\/09\/The-Difference-between-Robotic-Process-Automation- and-Artificial-Intelligence.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tDavenport, T. (2016). Innovation in audit takes the analytics, AI Routes, Audit analytics, cognitive technologies, to set accountants free from grunt work. Dupress Publisher.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tDeloitte, https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/us\/Documents\/audit\/ASC\/us-aers-robotic- process-automation-internal-controls-over-financial-reporting-considerations-for-developing-and-im- plementing-bots-september2018.pdf (accessed 10.04.2019).<br \/>\r\n[9]\tElaine, R. (2000). Overview of AI and its application area. Retrieved from http:\/\/members.90n.at\/frankstein\/frankeinstein-novelhtm<br \/>\r\n[10]\tEmbracing robotic automation during the evolution of finance. (2018). Association of Chartered Certified Accountants. Retrieved from Accountants, https:\/\/www.accaglobal.com\/content\/dam\/ACCA_Global\/professional-insights\/embrac- ing-robotics\/Embracing%20robotic%20automation.pdf<br \/>\r\n[11]\tEmbracing robotic automation during the evolution of finance. (2018). Association of Chartered Certified Accountants. Retrieved from Accountants, https:\/\/www.accaglobal.com\/content\/dam\/ACCA_Global\/professional-insights\/embrac- ing-robotics\/Embracing%20robotic%20automation.pdf<br \/>\r\n[12]\tGotthardt, M., Koivulaakso, D., Paksoy, O., Saramo, C., Eds, M. M., and and Lehner, O. (2019). Gotthardt, M., Koivulaakso, D., Paksoy, Current State and Challenges in the Implementation of Robotic Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Accounting and Auditing. ACRN Oxford Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives, 31-46.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tGraetz, G., and Michaels, G. (2015). Estimating the impact of robots on productivity and employment. Center for Economics and performance.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tGreenman, C. (2017). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on the accounting profession. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management (JRBEM), 1451-1454.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tInternal Controls over Financial Reporting Considerations for Developing and Implementing Bots (2018),<br \/>\r\n[16]\tIntroduction to Robotic Process Automation, a Primer. (2015). Institute for Robotic Process Automation. Retrieved from http:\/\/irpaai.com\/introduction-to-robotic-process-automation-a-primer<br \/>\r\n[17]\tJ\u0119drzejka, D. (2019). Robotic process automation and its impact on accounting. Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowo\u015bcitom, 137\u2212166.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tKuma, K., and Thakur, G. (2012). Kuma K, Thakur GSM. Advanced applications of neural networks and artificial intelligence; A review. Information Technology and Computer, 57-68.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tLe Clair C. (2017), Future Of RPA And Intelligent Automation, Forrester, https:\/\/cdn2.hubspot. net\/hubfs\/416323\/UiPathForward Americas 2017\/UiPathForward Americas Presentations\/ %23Ui- PathForward Americas 2017 Forrester Keynote.pdf (accessed 10.04.2019).<br \/>\r\n[20]\tO\u2019Leary, D. (2003). Expert systems in accounting.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tPerrier, F. (2018). Pushing the limits of RPA with AI. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/2018\/11\/pushingthe-limits-of-rpa-with-ai\/<br \/>\r\n[22]\tProfessional accountants \u2013 the future: Generation Next. (2016). Association of Chartered Certified Accountants. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.accaglobal.com\/content\/dam\/ACCA_Global\/Technical\/Future\/generation-next-full-report. PDF<br \/>\r\n[23]\tShukla, S., and Jaiswal, V. (2013). Applicability of artificial intelligence in different fields of life. International Journal of Scientifc Engineering and Research (IJSER).<br \/>\r\n[24]\tTaghizadeh, A., Mohammad, R., Dariush, S., and Jafar, M. (2013). Artificial intelligence, its abilities and challenges. International Journal of Business And Behavioral Sciences.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tYadav, A., Gupta, V., Sahu, H., and Shrimal, S. (2017). Artificial intelligence \u2013 new era. International Journal of New Technology, 3(3), 30-33.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tYang, D., and Miklos, A. (2008). The application of expert system in accounting.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Chukwuani, Victoria Nnenna, Dr. Egiyi, Modesta Amaka &#8220;Automation of Accounting Processes: Impact of Artificial Intelligence&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.444-449 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/444-449.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/444-449.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/automation-of-accounting-processes-impact-of-artificial-intelligence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Automation of Accounting Processes: Impact of Artificial Intelligence<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2bab9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d2bab9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2bba6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2bba6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2bd1f\" data-id=\"5d2bd1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2be3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2be3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2c01d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2c01d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2c1be\" data-id=\"5d2c1be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2c2e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2c2e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2c389 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2c389\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2c4f3\" data-id=\"5d2c4f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2c600 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2c600\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Indiscipline Model and Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Ibadan: Implication for Educational Foundation in Nigeria <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Adegoke Olusegun Steve, Orekelewa Olukayode Charles &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 450-460<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2c6ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2c6ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2c820\" data-id=\"5d2c820\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2c98d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d2c98d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examined the effects of indiscipline model on academic performance of secondary school students in Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria. Systematic reviewed literature revealed that there has been a downward trend in academic performance ranking among secondary students in Oyo State which queries the role of educationists at national level. Despite series of studies on this subject; poor performance related problems still lingering in our society. In fact, the 2017 WAEC result ranking placed Oyo in 28th position.<br \/>\r\nA descriptive survey design was adopted for the study because the variables of the study are already in-existence and could not be manipulated in the study. The study population comprises of randomly selected (305) students from selected secondary school students in Ibadan Metropolis of Oyo state, from two local governments and a structured questionnaire named (IFASQ-37 items)was used for data collection among secondary school students in Ibadan North LGA. Research questions were answered directly while Hypothesis 1 was tested using Pearson correlation, hypothesis 2 was tested with multiple regression analysis.<br \/>\r\nResults of the study revealed that indiscipline contributed to poor academic performance of secondary school students(r=-.373; p<.01); the results confirmed relationship between indiscipline, school factors and academic performance. Also, it was revealed that indiscipline, Teacher student relationship, Peer pressure, Classroom setting and Age of students jointly predicted academic performance {R = .538; R2 =.289; F (5,299) = 24.310; P<.01}. This result shows that indiscipline, peer group and age jointly accounted for about 29% variance in academic performance among students in secondary schools.<br \/>\r\nThe study concluded that there is high level of indiscipline, peer group influence among secondary school students which contributed significantly to poor academic performance. Therefore, the study recommends that group influence should be monitored to yield positive effects on students\u2019 academic activities. Teacher-students relationship should be harnessed to improve academic performance as well as put in place conducive classroom setting for the students learning will have direct implication for performance delivery and academic achievement among students.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 450-460\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adegoke Olusegun Steve<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Orekelewa Olukayode Charles<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, National Open University of Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAkpobia, O. N. &#038; Nidah, L. W. (2009). Incidence and factors associated with dropout among Primary School Students in Ogoja Local Government Area of Cross River State.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAllen, P, McGarland, M, &#038; Elhaney, M.C. (2005). The two faces of adolescents success with peers: Adolescent popularity, social adaptation and deviant behaviour. Child Development..meg-ha and jinriksha, 76, 757-760.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAnyakoha, E. U. &#038; Eluwa, M. A. (1991). Home management for schools and colleges, Onitsha: African Fep. Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAremu O.A &#038; Sokan, B.O. (2003). A multi causal evaluation of academic performance of Nigerian learners: Issues and implications for national development: paper presented in the  Department of Guidance and Counseling, University of Ibadan: Ibadan.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAremu, A.O. (2000). Academic performance five factors inventory. Ibadan: Stirling Horden Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tAribiyi, O.A. (2006). Knowledge attitude and practice of parents to adolescents reproductive health training in Lagos state, Nigeria. West African, Journal of Counselling Psychotherapy, 31 (1), 1040-110.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tArief, G.I &#038; Martin, A.J. (2011). Peer relationship and adolescents\u2019 academic and non-academic outcomes: some-sex and opposite-sex and opposite-sex peer effect and the role of school engagement. British Journal of Educational Psychology 81, 183-206.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tAryana M. (2010). Relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement amongst pre-university students. Journal of Applied Sciences, (10) , 2474-2477.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tBandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. New Jersey: Englewood Cliff Prentice Hall Inc.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tBarnes, G.M. &#038; Farrell, M.P. (1992). Parenting support and control as predictors of adolescent drinking, delinquency, and related problem behaviours, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54:763-776.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tBibble, B. I. Bank: B. J. &#038; Martin, M. M. (1980). Parental and Peer influence on adolescent social forces, 53,1057 \u2013 1079.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tCohen, L.; Manion, L. &#038; Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education. (7th Edition). London.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tCross, S.E., &#038; Madson, L. (2007). Models of the self construal theory and gender. Psychological bulletin, 122, 5-37.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tEze, F. N. (2010). Influence of school environment on academic achievement Unpublished M. Ed Thesis.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tFarrell, A. D. &#038; White, K. S. (1998). Peer influence and drug use among urban adolescents: family structure and parent adolescent relationship as protective factors. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 66, 248 \u2013 258.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tFarrell, M.P. &#038; Barnes, G.M. (2000). Family stress and adolescent substance abuse. In: McKenry P, &#038; Price, S.I. (eds) Family and Change: Coping with stressful life events and transitions. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 208-228.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tGest, S., Dominitrovich, C &#038; Velsh, J. (2005). Handbook of attachment: Theory, and clinical implications. New York: Guilford.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tHardcastle, M. (2002). Beating peer pressure your guide to teen advise. California: Advice Book.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tKathryn, D. (2010). Academic performance achievement. Retrieved June 14, 2011,from http:\/\/www.nichgy.org.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tKeith, (2000). Relationship between school libraries and academic performance in Okigwe Senatorial Zone. Unpublished M. Ed thesis.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tKirk, A.J. (2000). The peer effect on academic achievement among publicelementary school students. Washington center for Data Analysis Report.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tLahmers, A. (2000). Factors associated with academic time used and academic performance of college students. A recursive approach\u201d. Journal of college student Development.. 544 \u2013 554 London: Pan Books Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tObidoa, M. A. &#038; Ifelunni, I. C. S. (2010). Counseling Youths in contemporary Nigeria. Chukka Educational Publishers, Nsukka, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tOkafor, H. C. &#038; C. N. Ugwuegbulam, (2000). Adolescent psychology. Published and printed by Joe Mankpa\u2019s publisher 18\/20 mere street Owerri, Imo State.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tOkoye, (1992). Relationship between the socio economic status of parent and academic performance of students published M.Ed Thesis. University of Nigeria, Nsukka.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tOmotere, T. (2011). The influence of peer group on adolescents\u2019 academic performance: A case study of some selected schools in Ogun State. Ogun: Ego Booster Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[27]\tPandey, R.C. (2008), Academic achievement as related to achievement motivation and parental background Indian psycho, 70 (4): 213-216).<br \/>\r\n[28]\tUwaifo, V.O. (2008). The effects of family structure and parents\u2019 hood on the academic performance of Nigerian university students, Edo: Kamla Raj Publishers.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adegoke Olusegun Steve, Orekelewa Olukayode Charles &#8220;Indiscipline Model and Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Ibadan: Implication for Educational Foundation in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.450-460 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/450-460.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/450-460.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/indiscipline-model-and-academic-performance-of-secondary-school-students-in-ibadan-implication-for-educational-foundation-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Indiscipline Model and Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Ibadan: Implication for Educational Foundation in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2d7ae elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d2d7ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2d898 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2d898\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2da0d\" data-id=\"5d2da0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2db29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2db29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2dbc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2dbc5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2dd16\" data-id=\"5d2dd16\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2de29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2de29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2dec5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2dec5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2e02c\" data-id=\"5d2e02c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2e141 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2e141\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Organizational Stress and Demographic Variables as Predictors of Workplace Violence in the Telecommunication Industry<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>ADEGOKE Olusegun Steve, AYANTAYO, Solomon Ojo &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 461-474<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2e1ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2e1ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2e3b0\" data-id=\"5d2e3b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2e533 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d2e533\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aimed at investigating organizational stress and demographic variables as predictors of workplace violence in the telecommunication industry. Workplace violence, in terms of occupational health and safety, is one of the most important problems of working life.  \u201cIncidents where staffs are abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances related to their work, including an explicit or implicit challenge to their safety, well-being or health\u201d interfering with work tools and equipment .<br \/>\r\nA cross-sectional research design was adopted in this study. The study was conducted in a telecommunication industry in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study setting was Etisalat Telecommunications Company. The participants for this study comprised of men and women who are workers in Etisalat Plc, Ibadan offices. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique with population sample size of 187. 80 (42.8%) of the participants were males, while the remaining 107 (57.2%) were females. The mean age was 34.17, SD= 8.72. The hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics.<br \/>\r\nThe results showed that organizational stress had significant influence on workplace violence at {t(185) = 2.069; P<.05)}; only age had a significant negative relationship with workplace violence in this study at (r=-.51: p<.05). organizational stress and workplace violence among employees in the telecommunication industry. (r = .155; P<.01); gender, age, marital status, educational qualification and work experience jointly explained about 9.2% variance observed in workplace violence (R2 = 0.92, F (5, 187) = 2.35, p < .05); age, (\u03b2 = .136, t = 2.010, p<.05), marital status (\u03b2 =.-.137, t = -2.353, p<.05) and work experience (\u03b2 =.-.148 p<.05)<br \/>\r\nIt was concluded that organizational stress and demographic variables are significant predictors of workplace violence . This study also indicated significant negative relationship between age and workplace violence. This study recommends that organizations should try as much as possible unravel the factors that have the tendency of causing stressors for the employees in the organization. This will help limiting the effect of job stressors on employee job attitudes and work behaviours.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 461-474\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ADEGOKE Olusegun Steve<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AYANTAYO, Solomon Ojo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Peace and Conflict Studies University of Ibadan<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdams, A., &#038; Crawford, N. 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Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1068-1076.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">ADEGOKE Olusegun Steve, AYANTAYO, Solomon Ojo  &#8220;Organizational Stress and Demographic Variables as Predictors of Workplace Violence in the Telecommunication Industry&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.461-474 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/461-474.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/461-474.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/organizational-stress-and-demographic-variables-as-predictors-of-workplace-violence-in-the-telecommunication-industry\/ target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Organizational Stress and Demographic Variables as Predictors of Workplace Violence in the Telecommunication Industry<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2fbce elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d2fbce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d2fcc2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d2fcc2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2fe79\" data-id=\"5d2fe79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2ffc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d2ffc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3004e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3004e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d301b3\" data-id=\"5d301b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d302c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d302c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3034e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3034e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d304ad\" data-id=\"5d304ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d305c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d305c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d30670 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d30670\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d307c6\" data-id=\"5d307c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d308cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d308cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d30958 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d30958\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d30a97\" data-id=\"5d30a97\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d30b9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d30b9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d30c1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d30c1b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d30d65\" data-id=\"5d30d65\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d30e6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d30e6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d30f0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d30f0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d31065\" data-id=\"5d31065\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3117c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3117c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Organizational Politics and Employee Performance in Dokolo District Local Government<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ogweng Grace Geoffrey, Evelyn Hope Kyokunda &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 475-483<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d31218 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d31218\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d313a2\" data-id=\"5d313a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d314ea elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d314ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study focused at establishing the presence of politics, the level at which it was played and its influence to performance of employees in Dokolo district local government. This was assessed through investigating whether organizational goals and objectives, organizational culture and self-interests influence employee performance in terms of employee commitment and attain to detail. The researcher adopted a quantitative, cross sectional, survey design to collect data. The study population was 65 from where a sample of 56 respondents was selected based on the Krejcie and D.W. Morgan (1970) table. The study findings revealed that both the employees and the political leadership respondents were more focused in the Organizational goals and objectives, cultures which were both high and self-interest was moderate. Overall Organizational Politics (Organizational goal, objectives, culture and Self Interest) in Dokolo District Local Government was moderate with mean at ( = 3.38) with the low standard deviation of 0.93 implying that Organizational Politics was practiced in Dokolo District Local Government moderately. Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that political behavior was inevitable and desirable as political exchanges generate the dynamic and drive the debate behind organizational development and change initiatives. Numerous managers would likely find implementation of innovation and change challenging unless they posed political skills in Dokolo district local government. The researcher recommends that political leaders should put checks and balances in place to influence the technical stuffs performance in their respective districts and the country at large.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 475-483\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogweng Grace Geoffrey <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Graduate Studies and Research, Team University, Plot 446,  Kabaka Ajagara.rd. Kampala-Uganda <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Evelyn Hope Kyokunda<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Graduate Studies and Research, Team University, Plot 446,  Kabaka Ajagara.rd. Kampala-Uganda <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBrouer, R. L., Ferris, G. R., Hochwarter, W. A., Laird, M. D., &#038; Gilmore, D. C. (2006). The strain-related reactions to perceptions of organizational politics as a workplace stressor: Political skill as a neutralizer. Handbook of organizational politics, 187, 206.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tChang, C. H., Rosen, C. C., &#038; Levy, P. E. (2009). The relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and employee attitudes, strain, and behavior: A meta-analytic examination. Academy of Management journal, 52(4), 779-801.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tDixon, M., Kane, M., &#038; DiGrazia, J. (2017). Organization, opportunity, and the shifting politics of employment discrimination. Social Currents, 4(2), 111-127.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tGakure, R. W., Orwa, G., &#038; Wachira, F. N. (2012). The Impact of Organizational Politics on The Effectiveness of Management Development In The Kenya Civil Service. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 2(5), 250-259.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tGolafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The qualitative report, 8(4), 597-607.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tGoldstein, R. A., &#038; Beutel, A. R. (2009). &#8221; Soldier of Democracy&#8221; or&#8221; Enemy of the State&#8221;? The rhetorical construction of teacher through No Child Left Behind. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies (JCEPS), 7(1).<br \/>\r\n[7]\tHampshire, K., &#038; Randall, S. (1999). Seasonal labour migration strategies in the Sahel: coping with poverty or optimising security?. International Journal of Population Geography, 5(5), 367-385.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tHarris, K. J., James, M., &#038; Boonthanom, R. (2005). Perceptions of organizational politics and cooperation as moderators of the relationship between job strains and intent to turnover. Journal of Managerial issues, 26-42.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tHeskett, J. L., &#038; Kotter, J. P. (1992). Corporate culture and performance. Business Review. Vol, 2(5), 83-93.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tHeskett, J. L., &#038; Kotter, J. P. (1992). Corporate culture and performance. Business Review. Vol, 2(5), 83-93.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tKilduff, M., &#038; Day, D. V. (1994). Do chameleons get ahead? The effects of self-monitoring on managerial careers. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 1047-1060.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tKim, H. (2004). The influence of organizational politics and power on training transfer. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tKrejcie, R. V., &#038; Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tLencioni, P. M. (2006). Silos, politics and turf wars: A leadership fable about destroying the barriers that turn colleagues into competitors (Vol. 17). John Wiley &#038; Sons.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tLencioni, P. M. (2006). Silos, politics and turf wars: A leadership fable about destroying the barriers that turn colleagues into competitors (Vol. 17). John Wiley &#038; Sons.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tSchein, E. H. (1990). Organizational culture (Vol. 45, No. 2, p. 109). American Psychological Association.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tSusetyo, D., &#038; Lestari, P. S. (2014). Developing entrepreneurial intention model of university students: an empirical study on university students in Semarang Indonesia. International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences, 5(3), 184-196.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tValle, M., &#038; Perrewe, P. L. (2000). Do politics perceptions relate to political behaviors? Tests of an implicit assumption and expanded model. Human relations, 53(3), 359-386.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tWidodo, D. S., Silitonga, P., &#038; Ali, H. (2020). The Influence of Good Governance, Culture, and Performance in Increasing Public Satisfaction and Implication to Public Trust: Study in Indonesian Government. Talent Development &#038; Excellence, 12(2).<br \/>\r\n[20]\tYusuf, S., &#038; Saich, A. (Eds.). (2008). China urbanizes: consequences, strategies, and policies. The World Bank<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ogweng Grace Geoffrey, Evelyn Hope Kyokunda &#8220;Organizational Politics and Employee Performance in Dokolo District Local Government&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.475-483 August 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/475-483.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/475-483.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/organizational-politics-and-employee-performance-in-dokolo-district-local-government\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Organizational Politics and Employee Performance in Dokolo District Local Government<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d327e9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d327e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d328da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d328da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d32a53\" data-id=\"5d32a53\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d32b6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d32b6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d32c20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d32c20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d32d75\" data-id=\"5d32d75\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d32e89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d32e89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d32f26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d32f26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3308d\" data-id=\"5d3308d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3319a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3319a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Discourse Analysis and its Area of Coverage<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Muhammad Abubakar Abdullahi, Shehu Baraya, Nasiru Abubakar Isah, Aisha Abubakar Yasmin and Hassan Malami Alkanchi &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 484-488<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3323b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3323b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3339d\" data-id=\"5d3339d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d334c6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d334c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Discourse analysis is associated with the use of language in any form of communication, such as spoken, written or signs language. It helps in analyzing how people express themselves using the three systems of communication, its impact on the audience and how it affects the society.<br \/>\r\nThis paper presents the types of discourse analysis as well as some important areas of its coverage, the meaning of discourse analysis given by different linguists will be clearly stated, the co-operative principles set out by Grice Paul together with maxims would be vividly explained. The point views given by both British and American linguists on Discourse Analysis will be examined by given relevant examples.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 484-488\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Abubakar Abdullahi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege Of General Studies (English Unit), Umaru Ali Shinkafi Polytechnic Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p>span class=&#8221;html-tag&#8221;><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shehu Baraya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege Of General Studies (English Unit), Umaru Ali Shinkafi Polytechnic Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p>span class=&#8221;html-tag&#8221;><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nasiru Abubakar Isah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege Of General Studies (English Unit), Umaru Ali Shinkafi Polytechnic Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p>span class=&#8221;html-tag&#8221;><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nasiru Abubakar Isah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege Of General Studies (English Unit), Umaru Ali Shinkafi Polytechnic Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p>span class=&#8221;html-tag&#8221;><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hassan Malami Alkanchi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies , Umaru Ali Shinkafi Polytechnic Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBavelas, J, Kenwood, C., and Philis C. 2002. Discourse analysis in M. Knapp &#038; J Daly (Eds). Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed., pp. 102 \u2013 129).<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBreeze, R. (2011) Critical discourse analysis and its critics.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tGeorge Yule:The Study of Language Cambridge University Press (1985, 1996, P130)<br \/>\r\n[4]\tMohmmad Ibrahim (2003): The Structure of English Dept of English Shehu Shagari     College of Education, Sokoto.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tM. Stubb\u2019s \u2013 What is meant by \u201cDiscourse Analysis\u201d (Stubbs 1983 : 1) Websites on Discourse Nalysis<br \/>\r\n[6]\tRigenbach, H. (1999) Discourse Analysis in the Language Classroom: Vol.1: The Spoken Language, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tSchifrin, D. (1994): Approaches to Discourse. Oxford Blackwell<br \/>\r\n[8]\tThomas J.Meaning of Interaction: An introduction to Pragmatics. 1995. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Muhammad Abubakar Abdullahi, Shehu Baraya, Nasiru Abubakar Isah, Aisha Abubakar Yasmin and Hassan Malami Alkanchi &#8220;Discourse Analysis and its Area of Coverage&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.484-488 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/484-488.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/484-488.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/discourse-analysis-and-its-area-of-coverage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Discourse Analysis and its Area of Coverage<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3426c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d3426c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d34346 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d34346\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d344b9\" data-id=\"5d344b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d345d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d345d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d34659 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d34659\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d347b0\" data-id=\"5d347b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d348be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d348be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3493f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3493f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d34a95\" data-id=\"5d34a95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d34ba4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d34ba4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d34c23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d34c23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d34d6a\" data-id=\"5d34d6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d34ea4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d34ea4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d34f2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d34f2f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3509a\" data-id=\"5d3509a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d351a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d351a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d35226 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d35226\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d35372\" data-id=\"5d35372\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d35472 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d35472\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3550e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3550e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d35673\" data-id=\"5d35673\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d35786 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d35786\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Pilot study: Politeness Strategies in selected Doctor-Patient Interactions in Ibadan Private Hospitals<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>David Olorunsogo &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 489-493<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d35822 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d35822\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d35994\" data-id=\"5d35994\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d35ab9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d35ab9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The professional side and social side of medical discourse have been recognized by scholars. Scholarship in the Nigerian Medical Context has geared towards the professional side until recently that the social side is given attention. Earlier researches that have investigated politeness within the Nigerian context of medical discuss have not given primacy to private hospital. This paper is a pilot study to investigate how Politeness Strategies are deployed in Doctor-Patient interactions in private hospitals in Ibadan. With specific objectives of investigating how doctors employ politeness strategies in eliciting information from patients; investigating the kind of face wants of patients in doctor-patients interactions; examining the asymmetry between doctors and patients. It was been discovered that doctors mostly make use of bald on-record strategies with older patients and more of positive politeness strategies with children. Patients, employ positive politeness strategy and negative politeness as demanded by the emerging context of interaction.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 489-493\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>David Olorunsogo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n Department of English, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria    <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdegbite, W and Odebunmi, A. (2006). Discourse tact in doctor-patient interactions in English: an analysis of diagnosis in medical communication in Nigeria. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 15(4), 499\u2013519<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBrown,\tP. and Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness:Some universals in language use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,<br \/>\r\n[3].\tCoiera, E. (2008). Communication in Emergency Medical Teams. In Patient Safety in Emergency Medicine, edited by Pat Croskerry; Cosby K; Schenkel S; Wears R., 181 \u2013 187. Lippincott Williams &#038; Wilkins: Philadelphia.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tFamuyiwa, M. (2014). Knowledge of Public Health Ethics among Medical Doctors in Nigeria. South American Journal of Public Health, 2, 457 \u2013 475.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tGoffman,\tE. (1955). On\tface-work: An analysis\tof\tritual\telements\tin social interaction. Psychiatry, 18(3), 213\u2013231.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tKasper,\tG. (1990). Linguistic politeness: Current research\tissues,\u201d University of Hawaii Working Papers in ESL, 9(1), 1-33.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tKitamura, N. (2000). Adapting Brown and Levinson\u2019s \u2018Politeness\u2019 Theory to the Analysis of Casual Conversation. Proceedings of ALS2k, the 2000 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tKr\u00e1lov\u00e1, P. (2012). Power relations in doctor-patient Communication. Bachelor\u201fs Diploma Thesis, Masaryk University.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tLevinson, S. (1979). Activity types and language. Linguistics, 17, 365 \u2013 399.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tMatsuoka, R and Poole, G. (2010). The use of politeness strategies in Japanese healthcare settings: Analysis of Manga discourse between healthcare providers and a \u2018difficult\u2019 patient. J Nurs Studies NCNJ , 9(1), 9 \u2013 17.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tOdebunmi, A. (2006). Locutions in medical discourse in southwestern Nigeria. Pragmatics, 16(1), 25-41<br \/>\r\n[12].\tOdebunmi, A. (2011). Concealment in consultative encounters in Nigerian hospitals. Pragmatics, 21(4), 619-645<br \/>\r\n[13].\tOdebunmi, A. (2013). Greetings and politeness in doctor-client encounters in southwestern Nigeria. Iranian Journal of Society, Culture and Language, 101-117<br \/>\r\n[14].\tRoy, C. (2000). Interpreting as a Discourse Process. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tVergaro, C. (2004). Discourse strategies of Italian and English sales promotion letters. English for Specific Purposes, 23,181\u2013207.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tVilkki, L. (2006). Politeness, face and facework: current issues. A Man of Measure Festschrift in Honour of Fred Karlsson, 322\u2013332.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tWaitzkin, H. (1989). A critical theory of medical discourse: ideology, social control, and the processing of social context in medical encounters. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 30, 220 \u2013 239.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tWilce, J. (2009). Medical discourse. The Annual Review of Anthropology, 38, 199\u2013215.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tYule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford, Oxford University Press.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">David Olorunsogo &#8220;Pilot study: Politeness Strategies in selected Doctor-Patient Interactions in Ibadan Private Hospitals&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.489-493 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/489-493.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/489-493.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/pilot-study-politeness-strategies-in-selected-doctor-patient-interactions-in-ibadan-private-hospitals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pilot study: Politeness Strategies in selected Doctor-Patient Interactions in Ibadan Private Hospitals<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d36885 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d36885\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d36971 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d36971\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d36af4\" data-id=\"5d36af4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d36c11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d36c11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d36c96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d36c96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d36dde\" data-id=\"5d36dde\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d36f04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d36f04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d36f84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d36f84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d370ce\" data-id=\"5d370ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d371d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d371d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d37251 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d37251\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d373a2\" data-id=\"5d373a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d374b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d374b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d37532 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d37532\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d376c4\" data-id=\"5d376c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d377d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d377d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3785b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3785b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d379a8\" data-id=\"5d379a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d37ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d37ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d37b50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d37b50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d37cb0\" data-id=\"5d37cb0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d37db7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d37db7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Inculturation in African Christianity: The Need for a Global Model<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr Charles K. Moywaywa &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 496-500<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d37ec1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d37ec1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d380d0\" data-id=\"5d380d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3823b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d3823b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this work is to contribute to the on-going debate on inculturation by projecting a trajectory that appreciates the authenticity of all cultures. The chief objective for inculturation is to make Christianity more relevant, more appealing, more understandable or even more feel-at-home to the Afrucan continent (Walligo, 1986:12). Inculturation, as a concept, was coined to satisfy the need for addressing the mistakes made by some of the pioneer white missionaries who condemned indigenous culture as devilish  and therefore one of the evils from which Africans required to be liberated (Kanu, 2012; Mugambi, 2002). To undo this erroneous ideology, African theologians began to push for a more sympathetic theological approach that could give credence rather tha general condemnation of their indigenous traditions. But the truth of the matter is ********that the damage was already done. Pro-western cultural attributes have already become entrenched in African mentality such that to completely remove them from people\u2019s minds is like a mission in vanity. For this reason, there is need to appreciate the fact that indigenous cultures may not always provide an adequate material for inculturation. In some instances, it may well be the vase that a more suitable material is available in the western culture, or any other foreign culture. This paper focuses on the following areas: examination of the prevailing approaches to inculturation in African Christianity; the need for a  global model and an analysis of a proposed model. This work is underpinned by Grenham\u2019s (2001) observation that the process of inculturation infers a transformative and dialog*ical engagement involving Christian and nonChristian values aimed at revealing God\u2019s vision for humanity<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 496-500\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Charles K. Moywaywa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Philosophy &#038; Religious Studies, South Eastern Kenya University P. O. Box 170, 90200, Kitui, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAkaranga, SI (2015). \u201cProsperity Gospel  in Kenyan Urban Centres: Come, See, and Receive Your Miracles and Healing\u201d  Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol 5(10):199-208.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAkaranga, SI (2002). \u201cIndigenous Moral Education: Perspectives from logooli culture.\u201d  The Fountain, University of Nairobi, Vol 1:13-24.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAkaranga, SI Ong\u2019ong\u2019a, JJ (2015). \u201cThe Phenomenon of Intolerance and its effects on Christian-Muslim Relations in Kenya.\u201d  Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol 5(8):105-121.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAkaranga, SI Ong\u2019ong\u2019a, JJ (2014). \u201cThe Suppression of Women by Religion: A Kenyan Example.\u201d  International Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneural Research, Vol 11(4):48-60.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAkaranga, SI Ong\u2019ong\u2019a, JJ (2013). \u201cAfrican Traditional Conundrums which make women prone to HIV\/AIDS Infections: The case of the Maasai of Kenya.\u201d  International Journal of Education and Research, Vol  8(8):153-156.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tAkaranga, SI Ong\u2019ong\u2019a, JJ (2013). \u201cThe Dynamics of Religiosity and Spirituality in Kenyan Public Universities.\u201d  International Journal of Education and Research, Vol  6(6):63-80.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tAndersen, ML &#038; Collins, PH (1998). 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Inculturation in the S. African Context, Nairobi, Paulines Publications.<br \/>\r\n[54]\tSabar, Gallia (2002). Church State and Society in Kenya: From Mediation to Opposition, London, Franc Cass.<br \/>\r\n[55]\tShorter, A (1974). African Culture and the Christian Church, Maryknoll, Orbis Books<br \/>\r\n[56]\tShorter, A   (1978). African Christian Spirituality. London, Geoffrey Chapman.<br \/>\r\n[57]\tShorter, A  (1988). The Theology of Inculturation, Maryknoll, Orbis Books.<br \/>\r\n[58]\tSmith, E. ed, (1961). African idea of God, London, Edniburgh House Press.<br \/>\r\n[59]\tSzhineller, P (190). A Handbook of Inculturation, New York, Paulist Press.UNESCO  (2005). Towards Knowledge Societies. Paris: UNESCO.<br \/>\r\n[60]\tWaliggo Johnmary (1986). Inculturation: Its Meanig and Urgency, Nairobi, St Paul Publication Africa.<br \/>\r\n[61]\tWarah, Rasna (1999). The triple Heritage, Nairobi, Kurigraphics.<br \/>\r\n[62]\tWarambo, Kathleen , (2009). \u201cThe Family: Cradle of Interfaith Dialogue in a multi-faith society\u201d, in Frederic Ntedika Mvumbi, ed, 2009, op. cit, pp. 158-163.<br \/>\r\n[63]\tWeber, Max (1958). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, New York, Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Charles K. Moywaywa &#8220;Inculturation in African Christianity: The Need for a Global Model&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.496-500 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/496-500.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/496-500.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/inculturation-in-african-christianity-the-need-for-a-global-model\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inculturation in African Christianity: The Need for a Global Model<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d390df elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d390df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d391d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d391d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3934e\" data-id=\"5d3934e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d39477 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d39477\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d394f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d394f9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3964f\" data-id=\"5d3964f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3975b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3975b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d397f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d397f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3993f\" data-id=\"5d3993f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d39a51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d39a51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d39ad0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d39ad0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d39c17\" data-id=\"5d39c17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d39d51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d39d51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d39dec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d39dec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d39f3d\" data-id=\"5d39f3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a04a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3a04a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a0c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3a0c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a20c\" data-id=\"5d3a20c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a30e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3a30e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a3ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3a3ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a50d\" data-id=\"5d3a50d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a63d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3a63d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Investigating Current Classroom Practices in the Teaching and Learning of Geography among Pupils with Visual Impairment in an Inclusive Classroom at Munali Boys\u2019 Secondary School<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Jordan Nyirenda &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 501-504<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a6d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3a6d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a849\" data-id=\"5d3a849\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3a9a1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d3a9a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This manuscript investigated current classroom practices in the teaching of geography to students with visual impairment in inclusive classroom at Munali Boys\u2019 Secondary School in Lusaka district of Zambia.  The researcher employed purposive sampling to selected the school and geography teachers. This study found that teachers with little or no knowledge of braille face difficulties to teach geography to students with visual impairment. It also found that teachers never adapted their teaching methods to accommodate students with visual impairment. The teaching methods teachers adopted in the teaching of geography was mainly talk and chalk or lecture method which made it hard for students with visual impairment to follow the lesson clearly.  In summary, while students with visual impairment have the capacity to learn geography, teachers did not use embossed maps, auditory or models to assist students with visual impairment in grasping concepts.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 501-504\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jordan Nyirenda<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Education, Mukuba University, Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdam, M and Brown, P (2000) \u2018The times they are changing\u2019 Developing disability provisions in UK Higher education, paper presented to pathways 4 conference, Canberra, Australia, December 6-8.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAjibade, L.T., &#038; Raheem, U. A. (1999). Reappraisal of field work as a teaching method in geography in Ilorin. Ilorin: Haytee Press.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAun, T.T., Adaga, H. I., Ajala T. M., Odunayo, D. and Adaaku J. M. (2020) Challenges against Effective Teaching and Learning of Geography in Senior Secondary Schools in Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) Volume VII, Issue VI, June 2020 ISSN 2321\u20132705.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBuultjeans, M., Stead, J., &#038; Dallas, M. (2002). Promoting social inclusion of pupils with visual impairments in mainstream schools in Scotland. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of British Educational Research Association, University of Exeter, England. Abstract retrieved from http:\/\/www.leeds.ac.uk\/educol\/documents\/00002281.htm.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tCreswell, J. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications<br \/>\r\n[6].\tDamar, D. N. (2004). The making of a geography teacher. Jos: Deka Publications.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tJohnsen, B. H. (2001). Curricula for the Plurality of Individual Learning Needs: Some Thoughts concerning Practical Innovation towards an Inclusive Class and School. In B. H. Johnsen &#038; M. D. Skj\u00f8rten, (Eds.), Education \u2013 Special Needs Education: An Introduction. Oslo: Unipub<br \/>\r\n[8].\tKalabula, D. (1993). Special education in Zambia. In R. J. Michael &#038; G. Upton, (Eds.), The view finder: Expanding boundaries and perspectives in special education (pp. 45-47). New York:<br \/>\r\n[9].\tKarakoski, J. &#038; Strom, K. (2005). Special Needs Education in Tanzania. 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Urban-Rural Differentials in Teaching and Learning of Geography in Ahiazu Mbaise and Owerri Municipal Council in Imo State Environmental Research Journal Vol.5 Issue 4, 2011<br \/>\r\n[20].\tPenda, A, Ndhlovu D, Kasonde-Ngandu, S (2015). The challenges in teaching learners with visual impairment in Zambia. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. Vol-2, (4), pp. 157-166.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tRae, H., Murray, G., &#038; McKenzie, K. (2010). Teachers\u2019 attitude towards mainstream schooling. Learning Disability Practice, 13(10).<br \/>\r\n[22].\tSimon, C., Echeita, G., Sandoval, M. &#038; Lopez, M. (2010). The Inclusive Educational Process of Students with Visual Impairments in Spain: An Analysis from the Perspective of Organization<br \/>\r\n[23].\tSham, L (2000). A visual illusion induced by sound. Abstract 17, 2nd Annual Multisensory Research conference, 6-7 October, New York<br \/>\r\n[24].\tTurnbull, A., Turnbull, H., Shank, M., &#038; Leal, D. (1995). Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today\u2019s Schools. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jordan Nyirenda &#8220;Investigating Current Classroom Practices in the Teaching and Learning of Geography among Pupils with Visual Impairment in an Inclusive Classroom at Munali Boys\u2019 Secondary School&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.501-504 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/501-504.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/501-504.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/investigating-current-classroom-practices-in-the-teaching-and-learning-of-geography-among-pupils-with-visual-impairment-in-an-inclusive-classroom-at-munali-boys-secondary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Investigating Current Classroom Practices in the Teaching and Learning of Geography among Pupils with Visual Impairment in an Inclusive Classroom at Munali Boys\u2019 Secondary School<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3b7ae elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d3b7ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3b890 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3b890\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3ba03\" data-id=\"5d3ba03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3bb33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3bb33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3bbb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3bbb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3bdbd\" data-id=\"5d3bdbd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3bf2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3bf2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3bfe0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3bfe0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3c173\" data-id=\"5d3c173\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3c2aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3c2aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3c338 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3c338\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3c4af\" data-id=\"5d3c4af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3c5db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3c5db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3c672 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3c672\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3c7cc\" data-id=\"5d3c7cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3c8f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3c8f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3c97c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3c97c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3caea\" data-id=\"5d3caea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3cc0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3cc0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3ccbe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3ccbe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3ce69\" data-id=\"5d3ce69\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3cfba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3cfba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Unearthing Impediments and anti-dots in the Implementation of Dual Citizenship Policy in Zambia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Brendah Namadula, Wilfred Muntengwa, Rachael Simwatachela, Viola Hamainza, Godfrey Mwewa, Francis Simui and Gistered Muleya  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 505-512<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3d079 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3d079\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3d20e\" data-id=\"5d3d20e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3d36e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d3d36e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In this study, we explored Impediments in the implementation of the Dual Citizenship Policy in Zambia. The study utilised a descriptive research design within a qualitative research approach. The study used semi-structured interviews and document analysis as data generation instruments. Using a critical case and maximum variation, purposive sampling, the study generated evidence from a total of 14 participants. The study identified lack of awareness and sensitisation, delay in security vetting, lack of information from the Zambian missions abroad, lack of honesty from applicants, failure by applicants to provide accurate information, and incomplete application forms as some among the many reasons on the institutional related barriers to the implementation of the dual citizenship Policy. On the other hand, the following were the suggested anti-dots to the accelerated implementation of the dual citizenship policy: (i) engaging the media, both print and electronic, (ii) educating the citizens by utilising the already existing structures as information desks for citizens to access information about the Dual Citizenship Act, and (iii) decentralisation of the sittings of the Citizenship Board of Zambia to other parts of Zambia. Further, there was need to repackage the information in accessible manner for all people and by introducing online platforms where citizens can find the information readily available  The study concludes that while  Government through the  Ministry of Home Affairs is registering citizens for dual citizenship, there was lack of awareness and sensitisation being done in order for the citizenry to appreciate the positive nature of the policy The study recommends that the Government of the Republic of Zambia should scale up awareness and sensitisation programmes on the intended benefits and opportunities that lie in the implementation of dual citizenship policy among others.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 505-512\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Brendah Namadula<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wilfred Muntengwa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rachael Simwatachela<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Viola Hamainza<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Godfrey Mwewa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Francis Simui<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gistered Muleya <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAleinikoff, T. 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(2007).Co-development and Citizenship: Paper presented at working group on trans nationalization and development(s): Towards a North-South Perspective, centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Bieledfeld.<br \/>\r\n[27]\tSaunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2012). Research Methods for Business Students. Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tSapali, J. (2015). Analysing the Debate of Dual Citizenship in Tanzania: Malmo: Malmo University.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tSimui, F., Namangala, B., Tambulukani, G., &#038; Ndhlovu, D. (2018). Demystifying the process of ODL policy development in a dual-mode context: lessons from Zambia, Journal of Distance Education, Routledge, DOI: 10.1080\/01587919.2018.1457946.<br \/>\r\n[30]\tSimui, F. (2018). Lived Experiences of Students with Visual Impairments at Sim University in Zambia: A Hermeneutic Phenomelogical Approach. Lusaka: University of Zambia. Unpublished PhD Thesis. http:\/\/dspace.unza.zm\/handle\/123456789\/5884<br \/>\r\n[31]\tSimui, F., Mwewa, G., Chota, A., Kakana, F., Mundende, K., Thompson, L., Mwanza, P., Ndhlovu, D., &#038; Namangala, B., (2018). \u201cWhatsApp\u201d as a Learner Support tool for distance education: Implications for Policy and Practice at University of Zambia. Zambia ICT Journal, 2, (2), 36-44, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33260\/zictjournal.v2i2.55.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tSimui, F., Nyaruwata, L.T. and Kasonde-Ngandu, S. (2017). ICT as an Enabler to Academic Success of Students with Visually Impaired at Sim University: Hermeneutics Approach. Zambia ICT Journal Vol. 1. Issue 1. pp 5 &#8211; 9. http:\/\/ictjournal.icict.org.zm\/index.php\/zictjournal\/article\/view\/9<br \/>\r\n[33]\tYattani,V.G.(2015).The Composite Terrain of Dual Citizenship Concept: An Analytical Study Of the Kenyan Model. Nairobi: University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tWaltz, K. (2007). \u201cThe Anarchic Structure of World Politics. \u201cIn International politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues, edited by Robert J. Art and Robert Jervis, 29-49.New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2007. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Brendah Namadula, Wilfred Muntengwa, Rachael Simwatachela, Viola Hamainza, Godfrey Mwewa, Francis Simui and Gistered Muleya  &#8220;Unearthing Impediments and anti-dots in the Implementation of Dual Citizenship Policy in Zambia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.505-512 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/505-512.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/505-512.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/unearthing-impediments-and-anti-dots-in-the-implementation-of-dual-citizenship-policy-in-zambia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Unearthing Impediments and anti-dots in the Implementation of Dual Citizenship Policy in Zambia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3e22d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d3e22d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3e313 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3e313\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3e48e\" data-id=\"5d3e48e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3e5b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3e5b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3e638 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3e638\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3e787\" data-id=\"5d3e787\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3e983 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3e983\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3ea14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3ea14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3eb69\" data-id=\"5d3eb69\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3ecb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3ecb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3ed4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3ed4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3eed0\" data-id=\"5d3eed0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f001 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3f001\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f084 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3f084\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f1d5\" data-id=\"5d3f1d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f2dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3f2dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f363 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3f363\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f4a9\" data-id=\"5d3f4a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f5b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3f5b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f652 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3f652\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f7c2\" data-id=\"5d3f7c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f8cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d3f8cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of the Wuhan Coronavirus Pandemic on Education in Nigeria: A Critical Appraisal<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>OLUKA, Nduka Lucas, EZEH, Ndiombeze Augustina PhD., &#038; OKOTIE, Agbedia Joshua &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 513-521<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3f971 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3f971\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d3fadd\" data-id=\"5d3fadd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d3fc0d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d3fc0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examined the immediate and long-term impacts of the outbreak of the novel Wuhan Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on education in Nigeria. The study, thus, argued that the temporary closure of businesses, social activities and the continued closure of schools in the face the outbreak of the novel COVID-19 have impacted negatively on the development of education that was already in comatose state in Nigeria. To achieve the objective of this study which is to identify the immediate and long-term impacts of the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic on education in Nigeria, study adopted cross sectional research design which has three aspects via investigation of contemporary phenomenon and life context, and the use of multiple source of evidence. This research design lends itself to explorative and explanatory methods. Some solutions that could address the immediate and long-term impacts of the closure of schools in the face of the outbreak of COVID-19 in the country were suggested. However, there is the need for common understanding between the government, its agencies and other stakeholders in the cause of finding solutions to the challenges of the outbreak of the virus, and the continued closure of schools in the country; there is also the need for the government and policy makers to mitigate the impacts of the closure of schools through the provision of technologies needed to facilitate e-learning, such as computers, mobile data packages, subsidizing telecommunication and power supply bills to the citizenries, among others.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 513-521\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OLUKA, Nduka Lucas<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Novena University Ogume, Delta .State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>EZEH, Ndiombeze Augustina PhD.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, Novena University Ogume, Delta .State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OKOTIE, Agbedia Joshua<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Novena University Ogume, Delta .State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAmorighoye, T. A. (2020). COVID-19 has exposed the education divide in Nigeria: This how we can close it. World Economic Forum, 2 June, https:\/\/www.wforum.org\/agenda\/2020\/06\/education-nigeria-covid-19-digital-divide\/<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAiyedun, Tope Gloria (2020). Effect of Covid-19 on Educational System in Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tIsokpan, A. J. &#038; Durojaye, E. (2016). Impact of the Boko Haram Insurgency on the Child\u2019s Right to Education in Nigeria, PER\/PELJ 2016(19)- DOI http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.17159\/1727-3781\/2016\/v9n0a1299.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tEdeh, M. O., Nwafor, C. E., Obafemi, F. A., Shuvro, S., Fyneface, G. A., Aabha, S., &#038; Alhuseen, O. A. (2020). Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Education. Journal of Education and Practice, 11(13), 1o8-121, www.iiste.org<br \/>\r\n[5]\tEttang, I. (2020). Nigeria\u2019s Poor Face Education Challenges during Pandemic, 14 May, 2020 https:\/\/www.voanews.com>Africa<br \/>\r\n[6]\tGuidance Note on Education Systems\u2019 Response to COVI9-19. (2020, March 25). How does COVID-19 impact on education?<br \/>\r\n[7]\tKarp, P. &#038; McGowan, M. (2020, March 23). \u201cClear as mud\u201d: schools ask for online learning help as coronavirus policy confusion persists\u201d. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/impact_of_the_COVID_19_pandemic_on-education<br \/>\r\n[8]\tKim, E. (2020, April 26). The Astounding Idiocy of Charging China for Reparations. MEL Magazine, Los Angeles, USA.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tKrejcie, R. V &#038; Morgan, D. W. (2020). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational &#038; Psychological Neasurement.30: 607-610.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tLagakos, D. (2020). Reopening School too Early Could Spread COVID-19 Even Faster-Especially in Developing World. World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tNairametrics (2020, April 18). Covid-19 is exacerbating the problem of educational inequity in Nigeria, https:\/\/www.nairametric.com\/2020\/04\/18\/covid-19-is-exacerbaring-the-problem-of-educatioal-ineqyity-in-Ngeria\/<br \/>\r\n[12]\tNdubuisi-Kanu, L. (2020, April 21). Coronavirus pandemic and education. Punch Nigeria, https:\/\/punchng.com\/coronavirus-pandemic-and-education\/<br \/>\r\n[13]\tNigeria Education in Emergencies Working Group (EiEWG). (2020). Nigeria Education Sector COVID19 Response Strategy in North East. https:\/\/reliefweb.int>files>resources.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tObiakor, T. &#038; Adeniran, A. (2020). COVID-19: Impending Situation Threatens to Deepen Nigeria\u2019s Education Crisis. Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA).<br \/>\r\n[15]\tOladunjoye, P. &#038; Omemu, F. (2013). Effect of Boko Haram on School Attendance in Northern Nigeria, 1(2) BJE 1-9.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tSimon, B. &#038; Hans, H. S. (2020, April 01). School, Skills, and Learning: The Impact of COVID-19 on education. https:\/\/voxeu.org\/article\/impact-covid-19-education<br \/>\r\n[17]\tSection 18 (3) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended) (CFRN 1999).<br \/>\r\n[18]\tTaibat, A. H. (2020). Education and Covid-19 in Nigeria: Tackling the Digital Divide. World Literacy Foundation, Monday April 13, https:\/\/www.worldliteracyfoundation.org\/education-and-covid-19-nigeria\/<br \/>\r\n[19]\tUNESCO (2020, March 4). \u201c290 million students out of school due to COVID-19: UNESCO releases first global numbers and mobilizes response\u201d. https:\/\/en.m.wikipepedia.org\/wiki\/impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tWondwosen, T.  &#038; Damtew, T. (2020, April 09). COVID-19 poses a serious threat to higher education. University World News, https:\/\/www.universityworldnews.com\/post.php?story=20200409103755715.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tYinka, D. L. &#038; Adebayo, A. (2020). COVID-19 is exacerbating the problem of educational inequity in Nigeria. Teach For Nigeria Fellowship Programme: Op-Ed Contributor, April, 18. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">OLUKA, Nduka Lucas, EZEH, Ndiombeze Augustina PhD., &#038; OKOTIE, Agbedia Joshua &#8220;The Impact of the Wuhan Coronavirus Pandemic on Education in Nigeria: A Critical Appraisal&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.513-521 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/513-521.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/513-521.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-the-wuhan-coronavirus-pandemic-on-education-in-nigeria-a-critical-appraisal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Impact of the Wuhan Coronavirus Pandemic on Education in Nigeria: A Critical Appraisal<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d40bdc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d40bdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d40cc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d40cc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d40e3a\" data-id=\"5d40e3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d40f66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d40f66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d40fea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d40fea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4113d\" data-id=\"5d4113d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d41244 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d41244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d412cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d412cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4144b\" data-id=\"5d4144b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4158c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d4158c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d41613 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d41613\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d41765\" data-id=\"5d41765\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4186c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d4186c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d418f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d418f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d41a33\" data-id=\"5d41a33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d41b3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d41b3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d41bb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d41bb8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d41d04\" data-id=\"5d41d04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d41e31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d41e31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d41ee1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d41ee1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d42047\" data-id=\"5d42047\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d42150 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d42150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Problem-Based Learning on Learner Achievement and Problem-Solving Skills on Environmental Non-Metal Pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Joe Simunza, Asiana Banda, Patrick Hayumbu &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 522-533<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d421ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d421ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4236f\" data-id=\"5d4236f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d424ab elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d424ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the impact of Problem -Based Learning (PBL) on learner achievement and their problem solving skills on environmental non-metal pollution. Learners&#8217; attitude towards environmental non-metal pollution was also evaluated. The study implemented a quasi-experimental design involving the pre-test, post-test control group design. The research sample consisted of two grade 12 classes (total of 95 learners) studying Chemistry 5124 at Kenneth Kaunda Secondary School in Chinsali District of Muchinga Province. Learners in the experimental group were instructed via PBL, while the lecture and discussion methods were used in the control group. Achievement test, problem solving skills test and attitude questionnaire were used to assess three parameters, namely; understanding of the topic, problem-solving skills on the topic and learners\u2019 attitude towards the topic. An independent samples t-test was used to compare achievement of the two groups at 95% confidence level. Problem-solving skills data were analysed descriptively by computing frequencies while attitude data were analysed using descriptive (mean) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney U\u2013test). The study findings indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control group (t (df=93) =3.554, p = 0.001 \u02c2 \u03b1 = 0.05 two tailed). Problem solving skills assessment results reflected that learners&#8217; problem solving skills of the experimental group (75.6%) increased more than that of the control group (42.0%). The attitude results indicated that learners\u2019 liking, interest and motivation towards the topic increased more in the experimental group compared to the control group with attitude mean of 4.11 (SD = 1.059) and 3.42 (SD =1.346), respectively. The value of U= 557.000, Exact. Sig (2-tailed) = 0.00. Based on the findings, it is recommended that PBL instruction be used in teaching environmental pollution arising from non-metals as it showed a positive impact in concept learning, problem-solving skills and learners\u2019 attitude towards learning.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 522-533\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joe Simunza<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nKenneth Kaunda Secondary School, P.O. Box 480096, Chinsali, Muchinga Province, Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asiana Banda<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University P.O. Box 21692,  Kitwe, Copperbelt Province, Zambia.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Patrick Hayumbu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University P.O. Box 21692,  Kitwe, Copperbelt Province, Zambia.         <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAbanikannda, M.O. (2016).Influence of problem-based learning in chemistry on academic achievement of high school students in Osun state. International Journal of Education, Learning and Development, 4 (3), 55-63.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAidoo.B, Boateng, S.K, Kissi, P.S &#038; Ofor, I. (2016).Effect of Problem-based learning on Students\u2019 achievement in chemistry, Journal of Education and Practice. 7(33), 103-108<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAgogo, P. O &#038; Onda,M.O. (2014).Identification of Students\u2019 Perceived Difficult Concepts in Senior Secondary School Chemistry in Oju Local Government Area of Benue State. Global Educational Research Journal. 2(4), 044-049.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAkinoglu, O &#038; Tandogan, R.O.(2007).The effects of Problem-Based Active Learning in Science Education on Students\u2019 Academic Achievement, Attitude and Concept Learning. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science &#038; Technology Education, 3(1), 71-81<br \/>\r\n[5].\tArwila,T.M, Salagi,D and Suyanti,R.D (2019).The Effect of Problem-Based on Learning Models Using Macromedea Flash and Motivation Against Student Learning Outcomes on Environmental Pollution Materials, Budapest International Research and Critics Institute Journal, 2(4), 326-333.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tAyyildiz, Y and Tarhan, L (2017).Problem-based learning in teaching chemistry: enthalpy changes in systems, Research in Science &#038; Technological Education, 36(1),35-54<br \/>\r\n[7].\tBasri, N.E.A, Zain, S.M.D, Jaafar, O, Basri, H &#038;Suja, H. (2011) .Introduction to Environmental Engineering: A problem-Based Learning Approach to Enhance Environmental Awareness among Civil Engineering Students, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 60(2012), 36-41<br \/>\r\n[8].\tBassey, S. W, Umoren, G &#038; Udida, L. A. (2008). Cognitive Styles, Secondary School Students\u2019 Attitude and Academic Performance in Chemistry in Akwa Ibom State. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.longdom.org.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tCurriculum Development Centre. (2013). Zambia Education Curriculum Framework, CDC, Lusaka.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tCreswell, J. W, (2009).Research design, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.).Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publication<br \/>\r\n[11].\tDelmang, T.K., &#038; Gongden, E.J. 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Problem-Based Learning in 9th Grade Chemistry Class: \u2018Intermolecular Forces\u2019 .Research in Science Education, 38(3), 285-300.<br \/>\r\n[30].\tTarhan, L &#038; Sesen, A. (2013). Problem-Based Learning in Acids and Bases: Learning Achievements and Students\u2019 Beliefs. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 12(5) 565-578<br \/>\r\n[31].\tTorp, L., and Sage, S. (2002). Problems as Possibilities: Problem-Based Learning for K\u201312 Education, 2nd edn. ASCD, Alexandria, VA: ASCD.<br \/>\r\n[32].\tValeiras, N and Godoy L.A (2007).Understanding Environmental Pollution Concepts: A case  Study Using School Students in Argentina and Puerto Rico, International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 31(3\/4), 342-358<br \/>\r\n[33].\tYunus, F.W &#038; Ali, Z.M.(2012). Urban Students\u2019 Attitude towards Learning Chemistry. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 68(2012), 295-304<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joe Simunza, Asiana Banda, Patrick Hayumbu &#8220;Impact of Problem-Based Learning on Learner Achievement and Problem-Solving Skills on Environmental Non-Metal Pollution&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.522-533 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/522-533.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/522-533.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-problem-based-learning-on-learner-achievement-and-problem-solving-skills-on-environmental-non-metal-pollution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Problem-Based Learning on Learner Achievement and Problem-Solving Skills on Environmental Non-Metal Pollution<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d432c8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d432c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d433a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d433a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d43518\" data-id=\"5d43518\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d43654 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d43654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d436d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d436d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d43831\" data-id=\"5d43831\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d43942 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d43942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d439cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d439cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d43b19\" data-id=\"5d43b19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d43c5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d43c5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d43ce6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d43ce6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d43e39\" data-id=\"5d43e39\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d43f42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d43f42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d43fc7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d43fc7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d44107\" data-id=\"5d44107\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d44210 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d44210\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4428d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4428d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d443d4\" data-id=\"5d443d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d444d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d444d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4457d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4457d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d446df\" data-id=\"5d446df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d447f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d447f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Ethnochemistry on Learners Achievement and Attitude towards Experimental Techniques<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Absalom Siwale, Indra Sen Singh, Patrick Hayumbu &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 534-542<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d44890 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d44890\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d44a07\" data-id=\"5d44a07\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d44b31 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d44b31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was conducted to examine the impact of the Ethnochemistry teaching approach on learners\u2019 performance and attitude towards the topic of Chemistry Experimental Techniques as well as Chemistry in general. The quasi-experimental design of the pre-test, post-test approach was used in the study. The total sample size was 195 learners. To assess learners\u2019 performance, a pre-test and a post-test were administered to both the control and the experimental groups. Learners\u2019 attitude towards Experimental Techniques and Chemistry in general was assessed using a pre-test and post-test Attitude Questionnaire. The results for the performance pre-test and post-test were compared using independent-sample t-Test at  an alpha (\u03b1) level set at 0.05.This showed a statistically significant difference in the post-test performance for control (M=42.75   ,SD=11.313 ) and Experimental (M= 70.85 ,SD=14.45 ) groups; t(38)=-6.85, P= .000. There was also a statistically significant difference in post-test attitude Scores for control (M= 50.5, SD=19.73) and experimental (M=85.5, SD=20.7) groups; t (193) =16.4, P= .000. This indicates that the Ethnochemistry teaching approach enhances learners\u2019 performance and enhances learners\u2019 positive attitude towards Experimental Techniques and Chemistry in general.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 534-542\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Absalom Siwale<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University, P.O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia<br \/>\r\nChapula Secondary School, P.O Box 260495, Kalulushi, Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Indra Sen Singh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University, P.O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Patrick Hayumbu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University, P.O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambiaka<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAikenhead, G. 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Meaningful Learning: The Essential Factor for Conceptual Change in Limited or Inappropriate Propositional Hierarchies Leading to Empowerment of Learners. Florida: Cornell, University.<br \/>\r\n[15]\t.Hill,A.(2010).Reflection on beliefs and practices from new Zealand outdoor educators:  Consistencies and conflicts. Australian Journal of Outdoor chemical education,14(1),30-40.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tKalebaila,K.&#038; Hamukale, B. (2020): Integrating Social Economic activities of local Community into Chemistry lessons: A case study of fermentation and incomplete Combustion at Malambanyama Day Secondary School in  Chibombo District in Central Zambia. African journal of chemical education.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tKi-Zerbo, J. (1990) Educate or Perish. Africa&#8217;s Impass and Prospects. Dakar: BREDA with WCARO (UNESCO-UNICEF -West-Africa).<br \/>\r\n[18]\tKurumeh, M.S, Opara, M.F (2008).  Innovative Teaching Approaches of Mathematics Education in the 21st century.  Makurdi:  Azaben Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tLeedy P.D &#038; Ormrod J.E (2010) Practical research and Design.(9th Ed). Pearson Educational international.<br \/>\r\n[20]\t O\u2019dwyer, A. (2012). Identification of the Difficulties in Teaching and learning of Introductory Organic Chemistry in Ireland and the Development of a second-level Intervention Programme to Address These. OllscoilLuimnigh: University of Limerick.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tMajasan, J. A. 1967. Yoruba Education: Its Principles, Practices and Relevance to Current Educational Development. Ph.D. thesis, University of Ibadan.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tMinistry of Education (2005). Baseline survey for difficulties in Science and Mathematics. Lusaka, Zambia.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tNovak, J.D. and Gowin, D.B., (1984). Learning How to Learn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tLeedy P.D &#038; Ormrod J.E (2010) Practical research and Design.(9th Ed). Pearson Educational international.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tO\u2019dwyer, A. (2012). Identification of the Difficulties in Teaching and learning of Introductory Organic Chemistry in Ireland and the Development of a second-level Intervention Programme to Address These.   OllscoilLuimnigh: University of Limerick. [26]. Ogawa, M. (1995). Science education in a multiscience perspective. Science Education, 79, 583-593.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tOluwatosin,V.A, Achor.E.E &#038; Ogobu.P.O (2007)Use of Ethnochemistry Teaching Approach and Achievement and Retention of Senior Secondary Students in Standard Mixture Separation Techniques. ICSHER JOURNAL Vol. 3, No. 1 (June, 2017): 21 \u2013 30.<br \/>\r\n[27]\tVygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: the Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tOlorundare, A.S (2014).  Correlates  of  poor  academic  performance  of Secondary school students  in  the  Science  in  Nigeria International institute for capacity building in higher Education,Virginia state University, verginia, USA.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tPais, A. (2010). Criticisms and contradictions of ethnomathematics. Educational Studies in Mathematics,76(2), 209\u2013230. doi:10.1007\/s10649-010-9289-7.<br \/>\r\n[30]\t Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step to Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows (Ver 12). Sydney: Allen &#038;Unwin.<br \/>\r\n[31]\t Pintrich,P.R., &#038; De Groot,E.(1990).Motivation and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational   psychology,82(1),33-40.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tSingh,I. &#038; Chibuye, C. (2016). Effects of Ethnochemistry practices on Secondary School Student\u2019s attitude towards Chemistry. Journal of education and practices, 7(17): 44- 56.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tSnively,G.,&#038; Corsiglia, J. (2001 April). Discovering indigenous science: Implications for science education. Paper presented at the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, San Diego.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tWare SA (2001). Teaching Chemistry from Societal Perspective. Pure and Applied Chemistry 3(7): 1209-1214.<br \/>\r\n[35]\tWeiner, B. (1974). Achievement motivation and attribution theory. Morristown, N.J.: General Learning Press.<br \/>\r\n[36]\tWilson, Ian D.; Adlard, Edward R, Cooke, Michael, (2000).Encyclopedia of Separation Science. San Diego: Academic press. ISBN978-0-12-226770-3.<br \/>\r\n[37]\tWood, D., Bruner, J., &#038; Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Child Psychiatry, 17, 89\u2212100.<br \/>\r\n[38]\tYin, R.K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods. London: stage. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Absalom Siwale, Indra Sen Singh, Patrick Hayumbu &#8220;Impact of Ethnochemistry on Learners Achievement and Attitude towards Experimental Techniques&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.534-542 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/534-542.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/534-542.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-ethnochemistry-on-learners-achievement-and-attitude-towards-experimental-techniques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Ethnochemistry on Learners Achievement and Attitude towards Experimental Techniques<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d45a3e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d45a3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d45b4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d45b4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d45cb5\" data-id=\"5d45cb5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d45dde elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d45dde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d45e64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d45e64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d45fbc\" data-id=\"5d45fbc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d460ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d460ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4614b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4614b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d46298\" data-id=\"5d46298\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d463dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d463dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d46463 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d46463\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d465ca\" data-id=\"5d465ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d466d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d466d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d46754 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d46754\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d46899\" data-id=\"5d46899\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d469a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d469a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d46a23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d46a23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d46b66\" data-id=\"5d46b66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d46c77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d46c77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d46d13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d46d13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d46e70\" data-id=\"5d46e70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d46f7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d46f7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Graphic Organizers on Performance and Retention in Writing and Balancing of Chemical Equations by Grade 11 Pupils at Temweni Secondary School, Ndola<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Chanshi Christopher and Daka Phillip &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 543-556<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d47019 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d47019\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4718b\" data-id=\"5d4718b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d472c5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d472c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9781\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9782\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9783\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9784\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9785\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9786\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9781\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Viable evidence indicates that in spite of frantic efforts put in place by Ministry of General Education such as the fast track training of Science teachers, introduction of a practical examination, abolishing of a complete theory multiple-choice question paper and having two separate theory papers for chemistry and physics following the revision of the curriculum so as to improve performance in science subjects, the performance of students still remains below average in science subjects particularly chemistry. The recent 2019 examinations results have also indicated that the performance of students in science subjects was below average. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of graphic organizers on students\u2019 performance and retention in writing and balancing of chemical equations. The design of the study was a counter-balance quasi-experimental non-equivalent group. The sample composed of 111 grade eleven pupils comprising 51 boys and 60 were girls. The study was conducted in two phases and lasted for six weeks. The first phase was conducted for a period of 3 weeks. During this period the experimental group was exposed to the treatment, the graphic organizers, and the control group was taught using lecture method there after post-test1 was administered. The second phase started in the fourth week and lasted for 3 weeks as well. In this phase the control group was exposed to the intervention the graphic organizers while the initial experimental group was taught using lecture method there after post-test2 was administered.<br \/>\r\nTwo instruments were used to collect quantitative data, and this include chemistry achievement test (CAT) and attitude and belief questionnaire. These instruments were administered once before and once after the intervention. The scores of the subjects before and after the graphic organizers intervention were compared and analysed quantitatively using a computer program SPSS and the hypotheses were tested using independent-samples t-test at 0.05 level of significance to determine whether there was any significant differences between means of the scores. The data generated through the questionnaire was analysed using the SPSS and presented on the frequency table and bar chart to determine whether there was some changes in student\u2019s attitudes and beliefs.<br \/>\r\nThe results of this study showed that graphic organizers such as ranking ladder and chain of linked events had significantly improved the performance and retention of students and had positively impacted the student\u2019s attitudes and beliefs towards writing and balancing of chemical equations. These results also suggest that graphic organizers can be an effective supporting tool in teaching and learning of learners.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 543-556\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9782\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chanshi Christopher<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, P.O. BOX 21692, Kitwe, Zambia <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Daka Phillip <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, P.O. BOX 21692, Kitwe, Zambia <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9783\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAiken, R. L. (2000). Psychological Testing and Assessment. Tenth Edition, Allyn and Bacon. Boston.<br \/>\r\n[2]\t Aiyelaagbe, G.O. (1998 ). The Effectiveness of Audio, Visual and Audio-Visual Self-Learning Packages in Adult Learning Outcomes in Basic Literacy Skills in Ibadan. 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Effects of Heuristic Problem Solving Strategy on Senior Secondary School Students&#8217; Learning Outcomes in Mathematics in Enugu State, Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tOsisoma, U. I. N. (1995). Effect of Mode Concept Mapping and Gender on Students Achievement in, and Attitude towards Integrated Science. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.Nsukka, University of Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[30]\t Papanastasiou, E. C. (2001) Willingness to follow math-related careers among seniors in math classes: The case of Cyprus. Science Education International, 13(2) 20-21.<br \/>\r\n[31]\t Popooola, A.A. (2002). Effects of Heuristic Problem-Solving and Programmed Instructional Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students\u2019 Learning Outcomes in Mathematics in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ibadan.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tRosemond, D.G. (2006). Acquisition of Scientific Attitudes and its Relevance to Science Educators. A paper presented at the median seminar of Faculty of Sciences, RSCOE, P\/H.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tTichapondwa, S.M. (2013). \u201cPreparing your dissertation at a distance: A research guide\u201d. Published by Virtual University For Small States of the Collonwealth: Vancouver.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tUdousoro, U.J. (2000). The Relative Effects of Computer and Text-Assisted Programmed Instruction on Students\u2019 Learning Outcomes in Mathematics. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ibadan.<br \/>\r\n[35]\tUgwu, A. U. (2007). Effect of Analogy Model of Instruction on Students Achievement and Retention in Biology in Secondary Schools in Enugu State. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Enugu, Enugu State University of Science and Technology.<br \/>\r\n[36]\tWandasee, J. H. (1990).  Concept Mapping and the Cartography of Cognition.  Journal of Research in Science Teaching 27 (1) 987- 1000<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9784\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chanshi Christopher and Daka Phillip &#8220;Effect \tof Graphic Organizers on Performance and Retention in Writing and Balancing of Chemical Equations by Grade 11 Pupils at Temweni Secondary School, Ndola&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.543-556 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/543-556.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9785\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/543-556.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9786\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-graphic-organizers-on-performance-and-retention-in-writing-and-balancing-of-chemical-equations-by-grade-11-pupils-at-temweni-secondary-school-ndola\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Graphic Organizers on Performance and Retention in Writing and Balancing of Chemical Equations by Grade 11 Pupils at Temweni Secondary School, Ndola<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d48173 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d48173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d48269 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d48269\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4d444\" data-id=\"5d4d444\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4d606 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d4d606\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4d6b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4d6b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4d83f\" data-id=\"5d4d83f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4d97a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d4d97a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4da2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4da2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4db84\" data-id=\"5d4db84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4dc9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d4dc9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4dd1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4dd1b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4de72\" data-id=\"5d4de72\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4df75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d4df75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4dffd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4dffd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4e13e\" data-id=\"5d4e13e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4e24d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d4e24d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4e2cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4e2cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4e418\" data-id=\"5d4e418\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4e51c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d4e51c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4e5be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4e5be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4e71e\" data-id=\"5d4e71e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4e836 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d4e836\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><i>Boko Haram<\/i> Insurgency: Repercussions on Educational Institutions in Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ahmed Rufa\u2019i Usman, Usman Ibrahim Dabai &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 557-562<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4e900 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4e900\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4ea7c\" data-id=\"5d4ea7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4eba7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d4eba7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9781\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9782\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9783\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9784\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9785\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9786\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9781\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Boko Haram attacks on educational institutions include assassination, attacks on students, academics, arbitrary arrest, torture, abduction and bombing. This is done through the use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEds), rocket attacks, suicide bombs, grenades and gun shootings. Education is under attack as the incidence of violence against educational institutions is on the rise in Nigeria due to Boko Haram which reduced school attendance among youths. Since 2009 Boko Haram has targeted educational institutions, killing hundreds of students and staff. Boko  Haram has bedeviled the educational sector by attacking Universities, Polytechnics, Colleges, Secondary and Primary schools. Structures were destroyed and thousands of staff and students displaced by Boko Haram insurgents. The population of the study comprised students and staff of Adamawa State University, Mubi and the Federal Polytechnic, Mubi. Questionnaires and in-depth interview IDI were used as instruments of data collection. A sample population of 300 respondents was employed by the study. Cluster and accidental sampling techniques were used to draw the respondents. The study finds that the insurgents have affected academic activities, structures, manpower and coping strategies after resumption in the institutions.  The study recommended that government should improve security situation and the affected institution should be assisted by the government, philanthropists and NGOs to improve academic activities.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 557-562\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9782\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ahmed Rufa\u2019i Usman<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Federal University, Dutse, Jigawa State-Nigeria                                                  <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Usman Ibrahim Dabai<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto-Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9783\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdamu. F. I. (2013) Ideology of Boko Haram on Western Education. Journal of Islamic Educational 2(2):  1-9<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAminu, D. (2014) Boko Haram: Parents withdraw Children from Yobe Schools. The Nation March 13.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAmnesty International (2014) Boko Haram\u2019s Reign of Terror in North Eastern Nigeria<br \/>\r\n[4]\tCITAD Report (2014) Boko Haram Insurgency and the Plight of Internally Displaced Persons in North Eastern Nigeria<br \/>\r\n[5]\tHuman Right Watch (2014) Report on Insurgency and Internally Displaced Persons in North Eastern Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tIbrahim, M. (2015) Abducted Schoolgirls in Nigeria: Improving Education and Preventing Future Boko Haram Attacks. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bokoharaminsurgency\/westerneducation on 27\/10\/2018<br \/>\r\n[7]\tIdris, S. (2015) Counting the Cost of Boko Haram Crisis. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/deserthraid.com\/country\/costofbokoharam on 12\/11\/2018<br \/>\r\n[8]\tIsmail, O. A. (2014) Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: Its Implications and way Forwards toward Avoidance of Future Insurgency. International Journal of Scientific Research Publications 3 (11): 19-29<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMohammed, K. (2014)\u201dThe Message and Methods of Boko Haram\u201c. In Montclos A. P (eds). Boko Haram Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria. Netherland: Ipskamp Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tMusa, I. (2015) A Political Uprising: From Insurgency to Terrorism. Retrieved from www.http:\/\/bokoharamuprising on 17\/12\/2018<br \/>\r\n[11]\tOduah, C. (2015) Boko Haram denied Youth Education in North East Nigeria. Retrieved from Vanguard online December 8, 2018<br \/>\r\n[12]\tOgwuche, H. C. (2013) \u201cTerrorism, Militancy and the Nigerian State.\u201d In Mbachu and Bature (eds). Internal Security Management in Nigeria: A Study in Terrorism and Counter \u2013 Terrorism. Kaduna: Medusa Publishers<br \/>\r\n[13]\tOlanyi, O. D. ( 2015) Effects of Boko Haram Insurgency on the Nigerian Education System. A Journal of Research Development 24(2): 11-21<br \/>\r\n[14]\tPeter, R. (2009), Guide to the Analysis of Insurgency. UK: SAGE Publishing Company.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tPhukan, M.D. (2013) Internally Displaced Persons and their Protection. International \tJournal of Sciences Research Publication 3(7): 34-41<br \/>\r\n[16]\tTukur, I. (2014) Teaching under Siege in Nigeria gripped by fear of Boko Haram. Retrieved from www.thenationnigeria.htm. On 27\/11\/2018<br \/>\r\n[17]\tUgwumba, J (2014) Boko Haram Insurgency: A Peril to Achievement of Education for All. International Journal of Education Learning and Development 3 (1): 33-46<br \/>\r\n[18]\tUNICEF (2015) Report on Consequences of Insurgency on School Children in North Eastern Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tUNESCO (2014) Report on Boko Haram and Fight against Education in North East Nigeria<br \/>\r\n[20]\tUnited Nations High Commission for Refugees (2015) Report on Boko Haram Displacement in Northern Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9784\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ahmed Rufa\u2019i Usman, Usman Ibrahim Dabai &#8220;<i>Boko Haram<\/i> Insurgency: Repercussions on Educational Institutions in Adamawa State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.557-562 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/557-562.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9785\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/557-562.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9786\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/boko-haram-insurgency-repercussions-on-educational-institutions-in-adamawa-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i>Boko Haram<\/i> Insurgency: Repercussions on Educational Institutions in Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4f9cc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d4f9cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d4faae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d4faae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d4fc29\" data-id=\"5d4fc29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d54503 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d54503\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d54608 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d54608\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d547d2\" data-id=\"5d547d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d5490a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d5490a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d549a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d549a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d54afe\" data-id=\"5d54afe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d54c21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d54c21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d54ca7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d54ca7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d54dfd\" data-id=\"5d54dfd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d54f0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d54f0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d54f91 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d54f91\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d55108\" data-id=\"5d55108\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d55230 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d55230\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d552bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d552bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d55414\" data-id=\"5d55414\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d5554f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d5554f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d55614 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d55614\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d557aa\" data-id=\"5d557aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d558da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d558da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Prioritizing Functional Infrastructure Facilities for Sustainable Privatisation of Electricity Service Delivery In Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Olamide, Eniola, Victor (PhD), Daramola, Joshua, Olusola and Adebayo Abimbola, A &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 563-572<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d55985 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d55985\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d55b32\" data-id=\"5d55b32\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d55c98 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d55c98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9781\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9782\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9783\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9784\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9785\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9786\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9781\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Background And Objectives: Actualizing constant supply of electricity is the desire of every nation as it facilitates economic development and national growth, some nations had gone the way of privatisation The privatisation of the power sector had been the strategy embarked upon across the globe aiming at finding probable last solution to the menace of incessant power failure most especially in the developing nations which is detrimental to their economic development. The consideration for adequate functioning of electrical infrastructure facilities before the full privatisation of the power sector as fundamental to effective electricity service delivery is the main focus of this study as it applies to Nigeria.<br \/>\r\nThe paper stresses that the poor functional condition of these electrical facilities was one of the causes of the poor performance of electricity service delivery after privatisation. Hence, the paper opined that the functional condition of these electrical infrastructure facilities ought to have been put into consideration before embarking on the privatisation of electricity service delivery.<br \/>\r\nMethods: The study draws its information from the extant publications on infrastructure facilities that are relevant to the case study. The study adopted on the spot observation and assessment of facilities in the study area. The electrical facilities considered in this study were the distribution transformer, electric poles, and electric wire and cables. Tertiary data were also made use.<br \/>\r\nFinding: The study based on the findings from the literature recommended that the policymakers, decision-makers, relevant government officials, and all concerned stakeholders should go back to the roundtable and hold an in-depth, thoughtful deliberation that will factor in the consideration for the indispensability of electrical infrastructure facilities to successful privatisation of power sector.<br \/>\r\nConclusion: Conclusively, figure 4,5,6,7, and 8 gave the visual condition of the electrical facilities state.  Hence, prioritising these facilities before privatisation is imperative.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 563-572\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9782\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olamide, Eniola, Victor (PhD)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUrban and Regional Planning Department, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Daramola, Joshua, Olusola<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUrban and Regional Planning Department, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adebayo Abimbola, A<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nArchitectural Technology Department, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9783\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbiodun Awogbemi, (2015) Business Comments on Power sector: Awaiting    Buhari\u2019s action  http:\/\/www.mynewswatchtimesng.com\/power-sector-awaiting-buharis action\/#sthash.ow21IX2U.dpuf<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAdekunle,  F.  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All rights reserved.<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/www.google.com\/aclk?sa=l&#038;ai=DChcSEwiWzJ3X893qAhUIndUKHeChBJwYABABGgJ3cw&#038;sig=AOD64_0h8boQ6lW8oIcmod74ZpbtqCgaVw&#038;q=&#038;ved=2ahUKEwjSrJLX893qAhXGzYUKHeumCdAQ0Qx6BAgNEAE&#038;adurl=<br \/>\r\n[53]\tRBI\/Vinod Kothari, (2014).Vinod Kothari &#038; Company corplaw@vinodkothari.com January 6, 2014. http:\/\/india-financing.com\/staff-publications.html<br \/>\r\n[54]\tRotimi Ojomoyela, (2019) https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2019\/10\/power-bedc-to-distribute-67452-prepaid-meters-to-ekiti-consumers\/<br \/>\r\n[55]\tSullivan, Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 474. ISBN 0-13-063085-3<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/economics-principles-in-action\/oclc\/50237774<br \/>\r\n[56]\tThe American Heritage\u00ae Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright \u00a92014 by Houghton     Mifflin     Harcourt     Publishing     Company.     All rights reserved. https:\/\/www.ahdictionary.com\/word\/search.html?q=infrastructure<br \/>\r\n[57]\tUche, A. (2014). Analysis of Local Government Performance and Leadership in Nigeria. Africa\u2019s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/apsdpr.org\/index.php\/apsdpr\/article\/download\/70\/69<br \/>\r\n[58]\tUhunmwuangho, S. O. Ekpu, Christopher (2012) Analysis of Socio-Political Implication of Infrastructural Decay in Nigeria, An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 6 (4), Serial No. 27, October 2012 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070&#8211;0083 (Online) (Pp.40-58)<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/afrrev\/article\/download\/83597\/73625<br \/>\r\n[59]\tUnited Nations (2011) Research on infrastructure for economic development and poverty reduction in Africa. Nairobi. UN-Habitat. Vol. 6 (4), Serial No. 27, October, 2012 \tISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070&#8211;0083 (Online) (Pp.40-58)<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&#038;lr=&#038;id=1YamSiSyx0gC&#038;oi=fnd&#038;pg=PP1&#038;dq=UN-HABITAT(2011)+Infrastructure+for+Poverty+Reduction+and+Economic+Development+in+Africa.+,.+by:+United+Nations+Human+Settlements+Programme+&#8230;&#038;ots=EkM3DxMk3j&#038;sig=k0FzGEgq2fFQv9V4cMpmmV0moV8<br \/>\r\n[60]\tValmont Structures India (2015). Utility Poles, Steel poles and structures for utility applications http:\/\/www.valmont.in\/products\/utility \u00a9 2015 Valmont  Industries, Inc All rights reserved.<br \/>\r\n[61]\tVictor Ahiuma-Young et al., (2017), Projections for power supply: Nigerians resign to fate as the system collapses 22 times in 12 months  http:\/\/www.vanguar dngr.com\/2017\/01\/2017<br \/>\r\n[62]\tYour Dictionary definition and usage example. Copyright \u00a9 2014 by Love To Know Corp.<br \/>\r\n[63]\tYour. (n.d.). In YourDictionary. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.yourdictionary.com\/Your<br \/>\r\n[64]\tYurasek, Anne, (2014), Strategic Planning: A Step-by-Step Process. Fio Partners www.fiopartners.com<br \/>\r\n[65]\tWarrnambool City Council. Warrnambool Community Services and Infrastructure Plan (CSIP) 2014.<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/www.warrnambool.vic.gov.au\/sites\/warrnambool.vic.gov.au\/files\/documents\/council\/plans_stategies\/Community%20Services%20and%20Infrastructure%20Plan%20FINAL%20Report%2012%20November%202013.pdf<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/php\/nigeria admin.php?adm1id=NGA013<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/www.macrotrends.net\/cities\/21977\/ado-ekiti\/population<br \/>\r\n[66]\tWorld Bank Databank. http:\/\/www.tradingeconomics.com\/nigeria\/access-to-electricity-percent-of-population-wb-data<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9784\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Olamide, Eniola, Victor (PhD), Daramola, Joshua, Olusola and Adebayo Abimbola, A &#8220;Prioritizing Functional Infrastructure Facilities for Sustainable Privatisation of Electricity Service Delivery In Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.563-572 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/563-572.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9785\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/563-572.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9786\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/prioritizing-functional-infrastructure-facilities-for-sustainable-privatisation-of-electricity-service-delivery-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prioritizing Functional Infrastructure Facilities for Sustainable Privatisation of Electricity Service Delivery In Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d56f16 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d56f16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d5700e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d5700e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d571b8\" data-id=\"5d571b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d57306 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d57306\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d573a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d573a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d5756e\" data-id=\"5d5756e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d576b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d576b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d5774d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d5774d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d578d3\" data-id=\"5d578d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d57a03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d57a03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d57a89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d57a89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d57bd7\" data-id=\"5d57bd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d57ce3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d57ce3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d57d60 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d57d60\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d57eab\" data-id=\"5d57eab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d57fb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d57fb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d58034 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d58034\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d58173\" data-id=\"5d58173\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d58288 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d58288\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d58325 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d58325\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d584cb\" data-id=\"5d584cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d5860a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d5860a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of International Trade on the Growth of the Nigerian Economy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>YUSUF Lateef Olarotimi, NCHOM Humphrey, OSUJI Paulinus, UDEORAH Sylvester Alor F &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 573-576<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d586b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d586b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d58821\" data-id=\"5d58821\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d5894f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d5894f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9781\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9782\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9783\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9784\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9785\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9786\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9781\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9781\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper examined the impact of international trade on economic growth in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, net-export (NEX) and foreign exchange rate (EXR) on the growth of the Nigerian economy (GDP). Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) multiple regression analysis technique was employed to estimate the various data collected via the central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin covering the period of 1980 to2018. The results showed that all the explanatory variables except exchange rate were positively linked with economic growth. More so, all the explanatory variables were statistically significant with economic growth except net export. The Durbin Watson statistics value of 1.81 suggested that the explanatory variables in the model are not serially correlated. Thus, the model is good for policy implementation. Based on the findings, the paper recommended that; Government should maintain a good market driven exchange rate policy in order to encourage local production that will lead to increase in international competiveness which in turn will result to increase in economic growth. Also, government should implement efficient and specific macroeconomic policy geared toward improving safe business environment that will attract more foreign investment in order to increase the growth of the Nigerian economy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 573-576\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9782\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9782\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>YUSUF Lateef Olarotimi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInstitute of International Trade and Development, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>NCHOM Humphrey<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInstitute of International Trade and Development, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OSUJI Paulinus<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInstitute of International Trade and Development, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>UDEORAH Sylvester Alor F.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInstitute of International Trade and Development, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9783\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9783\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbiodun, K. (2017). Contribution of international trade to economic growth in Nigeria. Eastern Illinois University, 2017 Awards for Excellence in Student Research and Creative Activity \u2013 Documents. http:\/\/thekeep.eiu.edu\/lib_awards_2017_docs\/1<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAlimi, S.R. &#038; Muse, O.B. (2013). Export-led growth or growth-driven exports? Evidence from Nigeria. British Journal of Economics, Management &#038; Trade 3(2), 89-100.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAtoyebi, K. O., Akinde, J. O., Adekunjo, F.O &#038; Femi, E. (2012). Foreign trade and economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical analysis, American Academic &#038; Scholarly Research Journal, 4(5).<br \/>\r\n[4]\tBabatunde A., Jonathan D. D. &#038; Muhyideen I. A.  (2017). International trade and economic growth in Nigeria, Global Journal of Human-Social Science: E-Economics, 17(5)<br \/>\r\n[5]\tCentral Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2018). Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, Abuja, Nigeria<br \/>\r\n[6]\tEdoumiekumo, S.G. &#038; Opukri, C.O. (2013). Economic growth factor in Nigeria: The role of global trade, American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 51-55<br \/>\r\n[7]\tElias, I. A., Agu R, E. &#038; Eze, L.O. (2018). Impact of international trade on the economic growth of Nigeria, European Journal of Business and Management, 10(18), 22-30<br \/>\r\n[8]\tEwubare, D.B. &#038; Obayori, J.B. (2015). Fiscal policy measures and balance of payments in Nigeria. Scholar Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2(9), 921-929.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tEzirim, B. C. (2005). Finance Dynamics Principles, Techniques and Application. Port Harcourt: Markowitz centre for \tResearch and Development.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tGbanador, C.A (2005). Devaluation and balance of payments stability in an oil \tproducing economy. Nigeria Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol5, N0.4<br \/>\r\n[11]\tFrankel, A.J., &#038; D. Romer (1999). Does Trade Cause Growth: The American Economic \tReview, 89, 379-99.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tJhingan, M. L. (2012). Money, Banking, International Trade and Public Finance. (8th Ed.) India: \tDelhi. Vrinda Pub.Ltd<br \/>\r\n[13]\tLawal, E. O., &#038; Ezeuchenne, K. (2017).International trade and economic growth in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 22(6-8), 35-43.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tObadan, M.I. &#038; Okojie, I.E. (2012). An empirical analysis of the impact of trade on economic growth in Nigeria, Jos Journal of Economic, 4(1), 1-23<br \/>\r\n[15]\tObayori, J.B. (2016). Fiscal policy and unemployment in Nigeria. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention. 3(2), 1887-1891.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tObida, G. &#038; Nurudeen, A. (2010). The long-run effects of fiscal deficits on economic growth in Nigeria, 1970-2008. The Nigerian Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 4(2), 7-<br \/>\r\n[17]\tOmoju, O &#038; Adesanya, O. (2012). Does trade promote growth in developing countries? Empirical evidence from Nigeria, International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 1(3), 743-753<br \/>\r\n[18]\tSamuelson, P. N. (2002).  Economics. 17th Edition: McGraw \u2013 Hill\/Irwin<br \/>\r\n[19]\tStock, J.H. &#038; Watson, M.W. (1993). A simple estimator of cointegrating vector in a higher order integrated system, Econometrica, 61(4), 783-820<br \/>\r\n[20]\tUdeh, S. N., Ugwu, J.I. &#038; Onwuka, I.O. (2016). External debt and economic growth: The Nigeria experience. European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research. 4(2), 33-48.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tUsman, M., Ashfaq, S., &#038; Mushtaq, N. (2012). Relationship of export and economic growth: An Empirical study of Pakistan. Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, 6(3), 1-10<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9784\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9784\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">YUSUF Lateef Olarotimi, NCHOM Humphrey, OSUJI Paulinus, UDEORAH Sylvester Alor F &#8220;Impact of International Trade on the Growth of the Nigerian Economy&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.573-576 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/573-576.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9785\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9785\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/573-576.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9786\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9786\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-international-trade-on-the-growth-of-the-nigerian-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of International Trade on the Growth of the Nigerian Economy<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d5b6dd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d5b6dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d5b7cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d5b7cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d5b966\" data-id=\"5d5b966\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d70959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d70959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d70a36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d70a36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d70bf6\" data-id=\"5d70bf6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d70d39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d70d39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d70dc9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d70dc9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d70f35\" data-id=\"5d70f35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d71057 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d71057\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d710dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d710dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d71236\" data-id=\"5d71236\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d71341 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d71341\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d713c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d713c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d71515\" data-id=\"5d71515\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d71627 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d71627\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d716a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d716a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d71818\" data-id=\"5d71818\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d7192e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d7192e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d719ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d719ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d71b60\" data-id=\"5d71b60\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d71c86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d71c86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Housing Development, Poverty Alleviation and Cooperative Societies: The Nexus<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Anthony Ikpeme Ankeli, Bashar Muhammad Nuhu, Naomi, Ijadunola Popoola, Uchechi Constance Ankeli, Adekunle Sulaiman Ojeniyi &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 577-584<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d71d27 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d71d27\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d71ea2\" data-id=\"5d71ea2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d71fdc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d71fdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9791\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9791\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9792\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9792\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9793\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9793\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9794\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9794\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9795\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9795\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9796\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9796\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9791\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9791\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9791\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Housing is one of man\u2019s basic essentials of life which ranked second to food. In spite of this, its development requires huge initial capital outlay, hence the ownership is steadily becoming elusive especially for those within the low- income cadre. Nigeria as one of the developing nations of the world is faced with the twin problems of poverty and housing provision. Housing financing and poverty alleviation has become problematic issues for successive government in Nigeria as the various poverty alleviation and housing financing options in the country has failed largely due to bureaucratic bottleneck and other corrupt practices. The paper therefore evaluates the efforts of the Federal Polytechnic Ede academic staff union cooperative society at alleviating poverty through housing development financing. To achieve this, the study explored both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies in order to empirically investigate the activities of the society and established the nexus between housing development, poverty alleviation and cooperative societies. Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical tool. Findings from the study revealed that 270 staff members have benefitted from the housing provision initiatives of the society with their properties at various stages of completions, while 24 members have also obtained their PhD and Master\u2019s degree, 18 members got exotic cars through the dedicated education and car loan options. More so, the society provided soft and flexible loan facilities at low interest rates through which staff members have been empowered. The paper concluded by recommending the introduction and sustenance of co-operative societies in government institutions as a sure means for housing ownership and urban poverty alleviation in the country.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 577-584\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9792\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9792\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9792\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anthony Ikpeme Ankeli<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bashar Muhammad Nuhu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Naomi, Ijadunola Popoola<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uchechi Constance Ankeli<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Statistics, Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adekunle Sulaiman Ojeniyi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management and Valuation, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9793\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9793\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9793\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdebayo, B (2018): Nigeria Overtakes India in Extreme Poverty Ranking. The Cable Network News. June<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAdeboyejo, A.T and Oderinde, J.A. (2013): Housing Co-operative Societies and Sustainable Housing Delivery in Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Co-operative Management, 6(2), 61 &#8211; 74<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAdediran, A.O &#038; MohdAli, B.M (2018): Housing Corporative Society Consortium: A Veritable Sources for Low-Income Housing Delivery in Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Research 6(11), 754-766<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAgbola, S. B. (1998): The housing of Nigerians &#8211; A review of policy development and Implementation, Research Report No. 14. Ibadan, Nigeria: Development Policy Centre.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAkeju, A. A (2007): Challenges to Providing Affordable Housing in Nigeria. Being a Paper Presented at the 2nd Emerging Urban Africa International Conference on Housing Finance in Nigeria, Held at Sehu Yar&#8217;adua Center Abuja, October 17-19<br \/>\r\n[6].\tAluko, O. (2012): Impact of Poverty on Housing Condition in Nigeria: A case study of Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State. Journal of African Studies and Development 4(3), 81-89<br \/>\r\n[7].\tAnkeli, I. A, Nuhu, M. B, Sule, A. I, Ankeli, U. C, Bello, A. T (2020): Residential Land Use Commercilisation and Rental Value Trend in Osogbo, Nigeria. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 8(6) 2521 &#8211; 2531<br \/>\r\n[8].\tAnkeli, I. A., Dabara, I. D., Omotehinshe, J. O., Lawal, O. K., Odeyomi, F. G and Adebowale, A. P. (2017): Affordable and Acceptable Mass Housing Delivery: A Panacea to the Nigeria Housing Problem. Conference of the International Journal of Arts &#038; Sciences, 10(01), 31\u201338<br \/>\r\n[9].\tAnkeli, I.A., Dabara, I.D., Omotenshe, O.J., Musa, A.K., Adaranijo, L.O (2017b): Assessment of Housing Conditions and its Effect on Occupiers\u2019 Health Condition. Proceeding of International Conference on Research and Development. The Republic of Benin, 12(4), \t57 &#8211; 64<br \/>\r\n[10].\tAnkeli I. A, Dabara I. D, Oyeleke O. O, Joshua G and Eyitayo J.O (2015): Housing Condition and Residential Property Rental Values in Ede Nigeria. Conference of The International Journal of Arts &#038; Sciences, 08(01), 53 \u2013 61<br \/>\r\n[11].\tAyedun, C. A.; Oloyede, S. A.; Durodola, O. D and Akinjare, O. A. (2018): An Evaluation of Strategies being Adopted by Lagos State Residents Towards Solving their Residential Housing Problems. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 9(13), 1468\u20131477<br \/>\r\n[12].\tAyedun, C.A, Oloyede, S.A, Ikpefan, O.A, Akinjare, A.O &#038; Oloke, C.O (2017): Cooperative Societies, Housing Provision and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria. Covenant Journal of Research in the Built Environment (CJRBE) 5(1), 69 \u2013 81<br \/>\r\n[13].\tFarouk, B.U.K, David, I.J and David, O.A (2014): Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SCCs): A Panacea to Accessing Funds for Housing Development to Workers of Public Institutions in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(23) 135 &#8211; 149<br \/>\r\n[14].\tGomina, A. A, Zakari, M. D &#038; Saddiq, N. M. (2015): Impact of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies on Poverty Status of Crop Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria, Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 3 (6)142-150.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tIkgopoleng G. H., Cavri\u0107 B. (2011) An Evaluation of the Integrated Poverty Alleviation and Housing Scheme in Botswana, Case of Ramotswa Village. SPATIUM International Review, 26 (2011), 26 &#8211; 32<br \/>\r\n[16].\tNuhu M.B (2007): Property Development as a Panacea to Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria. Strategic Integration of Surveying Services FIG Working Week, Hong Kong SAR, China<br \/>\r\n[17].\tOgunsemi,D.R., Asaju, A.S. and  Mordi, J.J. (2002): An Appraisal of Mass Housing Development in Nigeria: A Case Study of Federal Housing Authority. Journal of Environmental Technology, 1(10) 16-29<br \/>\r\n[18].\tOkoli, C. I. (2016): Functionality of Cooperative Business Education in Development of Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(18), 15-19.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tOladejo, M.O. (2011): The Nigerian Microfinance Policy: A Perspective from Cooperative Societies International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 2(1) 127 &#8211; 138<br \/>\r\n[20].\tOlanrewaju, D.O. (2001): Urban Infrastructure A critique of Urban Renewal Process in Ijora Badia. Habitat International 20: 517-530<br \/>\r\n[21].\tOlotuah, A. O and Taiwo, A. A (2015): Housing Strategies and Quality of Housing in Nigeria:  What lessons from Wales? Developing Country Studies ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN  2225-0565 (Online) Vol.5, No.16, 2015 www.iiste.org<br \/>\r\n[22].\tOluyombo, O. O (2013): The Role of Cooperative Societies on Standard of Living in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Accounting and Finance 2(1) 133 \u2013 142<br \/>\r\n[23].\tOmojinmi, I.O. (2000): SINA Technical Workshop on Housing Co-operatives, Nairobi 6 \u2013 17 October<br \/>\r\n[24].\tOmole, F.K (2001): Basic Issues in Housing Development. Ondo, Nigeria, Femo Bless Publication.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tOyewole, M. O. (2010): Housing development finance through cooperative societies: The case of Ogbomoso, Nigeria. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, Vol. 3 (3), 245 \u2013255<br \/>\r\n[26].\tOyewole, M.O and Oladokkun T.T (2010): Financing Housing for Sustainability in Nigeria: Options and Challenges. In Fadare, S.O. and D.A. Adesanya (Eds), Sustainable Environment, Faculty of Environmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 223-232<br \/>\r\n[27].\tTipple, A.G (2005) The Place of Home-Based Enterprises in the Informal Sector; Evidence from Cochabamba New Delhi, Surabaya and Pretoria, Urban Studies, 42 (4) 611-632.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tUnited States Census Bureau (2020): How is Poverty Measured? The Institute for Research on Poverty. University of Wisconsin \u2013 Madison<br \/>\r\n[29].\tYakub, A. A., Salawu, A. O. and Gimba, S. D. (2012): Housing Delivery via Housing Cooperatives as a Tool towards achieving National Development; An Empirical Study In: Laryea, S., Agyepong, S.A., Leiringer, R. and Hughes, W. (Eds) Procs 4th West Africa Built Environment Research (WABER) Conference, 24-26 July 2012, Abuja, Nigeria, \t1427-1441<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9794\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9794\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9794\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Anthony Ikpeme Ankeli, Bashar Muhammad Nuhu, Naomi, Ijadunola Popoola, Uchechi Constance Ankeli, Adekunle Sulaiman Ojeniyi &#8220;Housing Development, Poverty Alleviation and Cooperative Societies: The Nexus&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.577-584 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/577-584.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9795\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9795\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9795\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/577-584.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9796\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9796\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9796\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/housing-development-poverty-alleviation-and-cooperative-societies-the-nexus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Housing Development, Poverty Alleviation and Cooperative Societies: The Nexus<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d72e71 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d72e71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d72f53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d72f53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d730d5\" data-id=\"5d730d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d731fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d731fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d73298 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d73298\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d77c06\" data-id=\"5d77c06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d77da5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d77da5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d77e48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d77e48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d77fbf\" data-id=\"5d77fbf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d780d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d780d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d7815f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d7815f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d782c7\" data-id=\"5d782c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d783e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d783e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d78465 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d78465\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d785b9\" data-id=\"5d785b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d786d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d786d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d78763 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d78763\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d788ae\" data-id=\"5d788ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d789c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d789c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d78a65 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d78a65\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d78bd7\" data-id=\"5d78bd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d78ce1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d78ce1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Empowerment Practices and Organizational Performance: A Review of Literature<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. Miebaka Dagogo Tamunomiebi, Hannah Chika-Anyanwu &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 585-599<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d78d8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d78d8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d78f3a\" data-id=\"5d78f3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d790cb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d790cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9801\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9801\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9802\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9802\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9803\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9803\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9804\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9804\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9805\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9805\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9806\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9806\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9801\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9801\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9801\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study is a descriptive work aimed at theoretically reviewing existing literature on the impact of empowerment practices on the general organizational performance \u2013 having empowerment practice as the predictor variable and organizational performance as the criterion variable. In virtually every organization, the central objective of human resource management is to meritoriously pilot the affairs of the employees by inspiring positive work attitudes such as: enhancing productivity, satisfaction on the job, high morale, enthusiasm and organizational citizenship behavior with absolute reduction of destructive work attitudes like high quest to leave the organization, absenteeism, work evasiveness and deviant work place comportment. Existing studies have revealed that employee performance has a direct relation to an organization&#8217;s overall performance and success and that mainly empowered employees are able to perform immensely and cause the overall performance of the organization to be skyrocketed or to be at its peak. In this study, empowerment practices such as autonomy to employees, effective reward system, effective communication\/information system employee participation\/involvement were found to boost employee performance and by extension organizational performance. It was concluded that empowerment practices predicts organizational performance so long as the cost of adopting this practices does not exceed the profit it generates to the organization. This work will be very relevant to academia, organizations and business world at large as a source of knowledge on the importance of empowerment practice especially in terms of performance with its cost effectiveness in view.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 585-599\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9802\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9802\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9802\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Miebaka Dagogo Tamunomiebi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Rivers State University, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hannah Chika-Anyanwu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDoctoral Student, Department of Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Rivers State University, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9803\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9803\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9803\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbdullah, A., Bilau, A. 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Compensation &#038; Benefits Review, 44(5), 254-265.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9804\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9804\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9804\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Miebaka Dagogo Tamunomiebi, Hannah Chika-Anyanwu &#8220;Empowerment Practices and Organizational Performance: A Review of Literature&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.585-599 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/585-599.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9805\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9805\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9805\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/585-599.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9806\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9806\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9806\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/empowerment-practices-and-organizational-performance-a-review-of-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Empowerment Practices and Organizational Performance: A Review of Literature<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d7a02d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d7a02d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d7a11c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d7a11c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d7a295\" data-id=\"5d7a295\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d7a3ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d7a3ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d7a451 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d7a451\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d807fc\" data-id=\"5d807fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d80968 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d80968\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d80a04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d80a04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d80b6f\" data-id=\"5d80b6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d80c8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d80c8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d80d13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d80d13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d80e6d\" data-id=\"5d80e6d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d80fb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d80fb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d8104a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d8104a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d811bb\" data-id=\"5d811bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d812da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d812da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d8135a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d8135a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d814a4\" data-id=\"5d814a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d815ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d815ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d81653 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d81653\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d817b5\" data-id=\"5d817b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d818fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d818fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Public Health Financing Policy: The Case of Baringo County-Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Wilfred Rotich Chacha, Shadrack Kipkoech Sitienei &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 600-604<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d819b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d819b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d81b2b\" data-id=\"5d81b2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d81c60 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d81c60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9801\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9801\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9802\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9802\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9803\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9803\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9804\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9804\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9805\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9805\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9806\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9806\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9801\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9801\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9801\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Health financing refers to how financial resources are used to ensure that the health system can adequately cover the collective health needs of every person in a state. The paper was guided by the following two objectives; to examine the public health financing policy in Baringo County, and to find out the quality of services rendered in the public health facilities in the county. The researcher adopted a qualitative study technique and an interview schedule to collect the data, frequencies and percentages were used to analyse and interpret the data to arrive at logical conclusions. The geographical scope of the study covers Baringo County in Kenya, while the time scope 2003-2005. The authors found that the cost-sharing policy has not been effective since majority of the population are unable to pay due to poverty. In addition, there is inadequacy in finances both from the Central and the County government which affects the quality of health care delivery to the population. Finally, the Central government should restructure the public health care insurance popularly called NHIF, to accommodate outpatient services and to cater for the less privileged members of the society.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 600-604\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9802\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9802\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9802\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wilfred Rotich Chacha<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD Candidate (Political Sciences and Public Administration) Moi University and A lecturer at Kisii University-Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shadrack Kipkoech Sitienei<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD Candidate (Political Sciences and Public Administration) and lectures at Moi University-Kenya <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9803\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9803\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9803\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdetokunbo, L.O. (1999) Reconciling decentralization and equity: Health. Forum of federation: international Conference On federalism. Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, Canada. and Projections to 2030. Ministry of Medical Services and Ministry of Public<br \/>\r\n[2]\tEconomist Intelligence Unit (2011). The future of healthcare financing in Africa.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tG.o.K (2010) Kenya Health Situation Analysis, Trends and Distribution, 1994 \u2013 2010<br \/>\r\n[4]\tGreen, A. (1999) an introduction to health planning in developing countries .Oxford: Oxford University press. \u201cGrowing Pains\u201d The Economist, September 24th 2011. Health and Sanitation.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tKPMG (2012). The state of health care in Africa. KPMG international. Available at www.kpmgafrica.com.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tKPMG (2013) devolution of healthcare services in Kenya: lesson learnt from other countries. KPMG international.  Available at www.kpmgafrica.com.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tMacinko, J., Starfield, B. and Shi, L. (2003) the contribution of primary care system to health outcome within organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) countries, 1970-1998 Health Services Research,38, 831-865.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMaeseneer, J.D., Willems, S.,Sutter,A.D., Geuchte,I.V.D and Billings, M. (2007) primary health care as a strategy for achieving equitable care: A literature review commissioned by the health systems knowledge  Network. Johannesburg: Health Systems Knowledge Network.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMwabu et tal (2004). A review of the Health sector in Kenya. KIPPRA working paper No. 11.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tNational Treasury (1999) intergovernmental Fiscal Review National  Treasury ,Republic of  South Africa.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tOwino, W. and Munga, S. (1997). Decentralization of Financial Management systems: Its implementation and impact on Health care delivery. IPAR Discussion paper No. 06\/1997. Nairobi: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tScott-Herridge, R.(2002).Decentralization-Does it Deliver  Good Governance and Improved service? The experience of Uganda. Occasional Paper Series No 10. African Studies Center, Coventry University.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tWorld Bank (1993) World Development Reports: Investing in Health. New York: Oxford University press.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tWorld Bank (1994) Better health in Africa: experiences and lessons learned. Development and practice, Washington DC: The World Bank.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9804\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9804\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9804\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wilfred Rotich Chacha, Shadrack Kipkoech Sitienei &#8220;Public Health Financing Policy: The Case of Baringo County-Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.600-604 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/600-604.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9805\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9805\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9805\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/600-604.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9806\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9806\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9806\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/public-health-financing-policy-the-case-of-baringo-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Health Financing Policy: The Case of Baringo County-Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d82a8d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d82a8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d82b76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d82b76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d82ceb\" data-id=\"5d82ceb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8b023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b113 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d8b113\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b2c7\" data-id=\"5d8b2c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b3ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8b3ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b483 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d8b483\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b5d4\" data-id=\"5d8b5d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b6f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8b6f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b775 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d8b775\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b8c9\" data-id=\"5d8b8c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b9cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8b9cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d8ba57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d8ba57\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8bb99\" data-id=\"5d8bb99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8bca4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8bca4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d8bd24 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d8bd24\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8be73\" data-id=\"5d8be73\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8bf79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8bf79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c01a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d8c01a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c187\" data-id=\"5d8c187\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c2bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8c2bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Waste Disposal Management and Pollution Policies in Eldoret-Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Abel Cheruiyot,  Shadrack Kipkoech Sitienei &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 605-609<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c37d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d8c37d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c633\" data-id=\"5d8c633\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8c806 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d8c806\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9801\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9801\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9802\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9802\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9803\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9803\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9804\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9804\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9805\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9805\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9806\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9806\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9801\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9801\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9801\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Waste management or Waste disposal is all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This research endeavors to examine the waste disposal management and pollution policies in Eldoret municipality-Kenya. The paper will be guided by the following objectives: to examine the waste disposal and management policies in Eldoret municipality and to evaluate the roles of various stakeholders in waste management. The paper will adopt a qualitative approach by getting response from the stakeholders through interviews and questionnaires, the respondents were chosen through purposive sapling technique. The geographical scope of the study was Eldoret municipality while the time scope covered the period 2012-2015. The findings were: several policies exist which include; Waste Generation Policy, Waste Transportation Policy, Waste Disposal Policy, and Waste Recycling Policy. However, the implementation of the mentioned policies is wanting. The stakeholders include; Central Government, Judiciary, Legislature and Relevant State Corporations. The paper concludes that the presence of relevant policies and stakeholders should ensure proper management of solid waste and pollution prevention due to lapse garbage collection, lack of garbage collection in high density and inadequate facilities in city centers and low density areas also pose a challenge.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 605-609\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9802\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9802\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9802\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abel Cheruiyot<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nHolds a  BA in Political Science and Public Administration, MA in Public Administration and Policy and currently lecturer at Moi University-Department of History, Political Science and Public Administration<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shadrack Kipkoech Sitienei<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nHolds a BA in Political Science and Public Administration, MA in Public Administration and Policy and currently lecturer at Moi University-Department of History, Political Science and Public Administration.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9803\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9803\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9803\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tChalmin, P. and Gaillochet, C. (2009). From waste to resource, An abstract of world waste survey, Cyclope,Veolia Environmental Services, Edition Economica, France.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tEEA (2001). Environmental Signals. Environmental Assessment Report No 6.Copenhagen, European Environment Agency.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tEGSSAA (2009). Solid Waste: generation, handling, treatment and disposal. World Bank Group.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tERM. (2000). Waste Management Planning and Optimization, Stuttgard: Ibedem Verlag.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tIkiara, M.M, Karanja A.M &#038; Davies, T.C (2004) Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Urban Solid \tWaste in Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tNyakaana, J.B. (1995). Kenya\u2019s Development Center Policy: The case study of Eldoret. An Assessment of Implementation and Impacts. University of Amsterdam:  PhD Thesis. Republic of Kenya, Urban Areas and Cities Act, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tUnited Nations Population Division (2001). World urbanization Prospects: The 1999 Revision.      Key Findings: United Nations Population Division.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tUN Habitat (2010). Solid Waste Management in the World&#8217;s Cities, Earth Scan.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tUNEP (2010). Framework of global partnership on waste management, New York, By the Secretariat<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9804\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9804\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9804\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abel Cheruiyot,  Shadrack Kipkoech Sitienei &#8220;Waste Disposal Management and Pollution Policies in Eldoret-Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.605-609 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/605-609.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9805\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9805\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9805\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/605-609.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9806\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9806\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9806\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/waste-disposal-management-and-pollution-policies-in-eldoret-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Waste Disposal Management and Pollution Policies in Eldoret-Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8d7fe elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d8d7fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d8d8fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d8d8fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d96358\" data-id=\"5d96358\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d964bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d964bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9655d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9655d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d966e5\" data-id=\"5d966e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d96804 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d96804\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9688c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9688c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d969e6\" data-id=\"5d969e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d96b06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d96b06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d96b89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d96b89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d96cd7\" data-id=\"5d96cd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d96de7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d96de7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d96e77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d96e77\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d96fce\" data-id=\"5d96fce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d970db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d970db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9715a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9715a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d972b3\" data-id=\"5d972b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d973c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d973c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d97464 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d97464\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d975fa\" data-id=\"5d975fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9771e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d9771e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Management of Human Resources Development in Members Indonesian National Police on Biopsicosocial and Spiritual Based (<i>Study of Members Resort Police Tojo Una-Una Region Police Central Sulawesi<\/i>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Bagus Setiyono, Muhammad Basir, Nawawi Natsir, Muhammad Khairil &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 610-614<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d977c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d977c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d97948\" data-id=\"5d97948\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d97ad5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d97ad5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9811\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9811\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9812\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9812\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9813\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9813\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9814\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9814\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9815\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9815\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9816\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9816\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9811\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9811\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9811\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research was to increase process and results management of Human Resources development on Biopsychosocial and Spiritual based in members Indonesian National Police at Resort Police Tojo Una-Una. By using descriptive qualitative research methods, authors try to explore data techniques with interview, observation and documentation study. The interview process was conducted by writer with nine informants, while data processing and analysis techniques were carried out in three stages, namely data reduction, power display, and data verification. After analyzing collected data, was found that: 1) Mechanism of procedure and management process for admission of members Indonesian National Police at Region Police Central Sulawesi in 2017 generally applies the \u201cBetah\u201d principle, namely is Bersih, Transparan, Akuntabel dan Humanis (Clean, Transparent, Accountable and Humanist). So that various problems of fraud can be resolved, first fraud from personnel who try ask permission to \u201cpayment\u201d amount of money as a guarantee of graduation; 2) Condition of human resources in members Indonesian National Police at Resort Police Tojo Una-Una are still unable control themselves and do not understand their main duties and functions as protectors, protectors and community servants; and 3) The process and management of development human resources for members Indonesian National Police on Biopsychosocial and Spirituality based applied to problematic personnel at Resort Police Tojo Una-Una have a significant impact self-balance, mental resilience, social sensitivity and strength of personnel\u2019s confidence to readjust again with they are environment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 610-614\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9812\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9812\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9812\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bagus Setiyono<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDoctoral Student in Social and Political Sciences, Postgraduate Tadulako University, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Basir<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartemen of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nawawi Natsir<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Science,. Tadulako University, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Khairil<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Science,. Tadulako University, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9813\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9813\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9813\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]\tSkolnick, Jerome. H. and Fyfe, James. J. 2000. Above The Law (Brutalitas Polisi). Penyadur: Kunarto. Jakarta: Cipta Manunggal.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAndri. 2011. \u201cKonsep Biopsikososial pada Keluhan Psikosomatik\u201d. Jurnal Indon Med Assoc. Vol. 61, No. 9. September 2011, pp. 365-380.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tHawari, Dadang. 2015. Skizofrenia: Pendekatan Holistik Biopsikososial Spiritual. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tMoleong, Lexy. J. 2007. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosda Karya.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tSarwoto. 2001. Efektivitas Organisasi. Jakarta: Erlangga.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tLiliweri, Alo.  2011. Komunikasi Antar Personal. Jakarta: PT. Remaja Rosda Karya.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tWalgito, Bimo. 1983. Psikologi Sosial Suatu Pengantar. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Fakultas Psikologi UGM.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tSarwono, Sarlito Wirawan. 2013. Pengantar Psikologi Umum. Jakarta: PT. Rajawali Pers.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tDahlan, Abdul Choliq. 2009. Bimbingan dan Konseling Islami: Sejarah, Konsep dan Pendekatannya. Yogyakarta: Pura Pustaka.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tNotoatmodjo, Soekidjo. 2012. Promosi Kesehatan dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tHasibuan, Malayu S.P. 2009. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tNitisemito, Alex S. 1982. Manajemen Personalia. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tRuky, Achmad S. 2006. Sumber Daya Manusia Berkualitas. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tSutrisno, Edy. 2011. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Kencana.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9814\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9814\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9814\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bagus Setiyono, Muhammad Basir, Nawawi Natsir, Muhammad Khairil &#8220;Management of Human Resources Development in Members Indonesian National Police on Biopsicosocial and Spiritual Based (<i>Study of Members Resort Police Tojo Una-Una Region Police Central Sulawesi<\/i>)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.610-614 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/610-614.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9815\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9815\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9815\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/610-614.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9816\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9816\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9816\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/management-of-human-resources-development-in-members-indonesian-national-police-on-biopsicosocial-and-spiritual-based-study-of-members-resort-police-tojo-una-una-region-police-central-sulawesi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Management of Human Resources Development in Members Indonesian National Police on Biopsicosocial and Spiritual Based (<i>Study of Members Resort Police Tojo Una-Una Region Police Central Sulawesi<\/i>)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9defc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d9defc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9e004 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9e004\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d9e19c\" data-id=\"5d9e19c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9e2c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d9e2c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9e358 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9e358\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d9e4ad\" data-id=\"5d9e4ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9e5c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d9e5c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9e640 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9e640\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d9e79e\" data-id=\"5d9e79e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9e8ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d9e8ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9e935 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9e935\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d9eac1\" data-id=\"5d9eac1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9ec2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d9ec2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9ecca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9ecca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d9ee34\" data-id=\"5d9ee34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9ef6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d9ef6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9eff4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9eff4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f14f\" data-id=\"5d9f14f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f25c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d9f25c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f30e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9f30e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f486\" data-id=\"5d9f486\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f598 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d9f598\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Legal Professionals Perceptions of Court Interpreters Role as Language Rights Practitioners in Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Odhiambo Kenneth- August 2020 Page No.: 615-622<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f639 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9f639\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f7be\" data-id=\"5d9f7be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9f8ef elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5d9f8ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9811\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9811\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9812\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9812\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9813\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9813\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9814\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9814\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9815\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9815\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9816\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9816\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9811\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9811\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9811\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The role of the court interpreter stirs controversies anytime it is mentioned especially in legal interpreting. This study sought to examine the perceptions of legal professionals towards court interpreters as language rights practitioners. Language rights in this parlance indicates the interpreter is not merely seen as a conduit but as one who speaks for the persons who do not speak English in court. The study used a total of 68 questionnaires distributed to the lawyers, magistrates and prosecutors in selected subordinate courts in Kisumu County. A frequency and percentage rating were used to determine the perception of the legal professionals towards the court interpreter as language rights practitioners. The parameters used to gauge language rights were language combination proficiency, accuracy, omission, interruptions and impartiality. The study found out that the legal professionals have varied perceptions on the parameters constituting the language rights practitioner role of the interpreter.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 615-622\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9812\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9812\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9812\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Odhiambo Kenneth<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Languages, Literature and Culture Maasai Mara University<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9813\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9813\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9813\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tArjona-Tseng, E. (1985).  The Court Interpreters Certification Test Design.  In Lucia Elias-Olivares, Elizabeth A. Leone, Rene Cisneros, and John Gutierrez (Eds), Spanish Language Use and Public Life in the U.S.A. Berlin: Mouton<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAustralian Institute of Interpreters and Translators (AUSIT) (2008). AUSIT Code of Ethics  http:\/\/www.ausit.org\/eng\/showpage.php3?id=650 on 3rd june 2020.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tFrishberg,N. (1986). Interpreting: An Introduction. Silver Spring MD: Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tGonzalez, R., Vasquez, V., and Mikkelson,H. (1991). Fundamentals of court Interpretation: Theory, Policy and Practice. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tGovernment of Kenya. (2010) Criminal Procedure Code. Nairobi:    National Council for Law Reporting<br \/>\r\n[6]\tGovernment of Kenya. (2010) the Constitution of Kenya. Nairobi:    National Council for Law Reporting<br \/>\r\n[7]\tHale, S.B (2004).  The Discourse of Court Interpreting:  Discourse Practices of the Law, the Witness, and the Interpreter.  Amsterdam\/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tJones, R. (1998). Conference Interpreting Explained. Manchester. St Jerome Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tKondo, M. (2003) \u201c3-Party 2-Language Model of Interpreting Revised\u2019. International Journal of Interpreting and Translation 1: 77-95<br \/>\r\n[10]\tKymlicka, W (2002) Multiculturalism and Minority rights, journal of Ethnopolitics and minority issues in Europe, Issue 4<br \/>\r\n[11]\tLastor,K and taylor,V. (1995) The compromised conduit: Conflicting Perception of Legal Interpreters. Criminology Australia 6 (4) 10, 10.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tLebese, S. (2011) A pilot Study on the Undefined Role of Court Interpreters in South Africa Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 29(3) 343-357<br \/>\r\n[13]\tLee J. (2009) Interpreting Inexplicit Language during Courtroom Examination. Applied Linguistics 30\/1:93-114 Oxford: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tLinell, P. (1997). Interpreting as Communication in Conference Interpreting: Current Trends in Research.  Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tMbaabu, I. (1996) Language Policy in East Africa: A Dependency Theory Perspective. Nairobi.  Educational Research Publications<br \/>\r\n[16]\tMikkelson, H.  (2000). Introduction to Court Interpreting.  Manchester &#038; Northampton:  St Jerome Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tPhillipson, R (1992) Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford University Press: Oxford.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tPhillipson, R. and Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1994). Language Rights in Postcolonial Africa. In R. Phillipson, M. Rannut and T. Skutnabb-Kangas(ed) Linguistic Human Rights: Overcoming Linguistic Discrimination. Berlin: Morton de Gruyter<br \/>\r\n[19]\tUNESCO (1996) Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights. Barcelona. At www.linguistic -declaration.org\/Index-gb.htm downloaded on 22- 7- 2020.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9814\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9814\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9814\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Odhiambo Kenneth&#8221;Legal Professionals Perceptions of Court Interpreters Role as Language Rights Practitioners in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.615-622 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/615-622.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9815\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9815\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9815\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/615-622.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9816\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9816\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9816\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/legal-professionals-perceptions-of-court-interpreters-role-as-language-rights-practitioners-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Legal Professionals Perceptions of Court Interpreters Role as Language Rights Practitioners in Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da6363 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5da6363\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5da6480 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5da6480\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5da6616\" data-id=\"5da6616\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da6741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5da6741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5da67d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5da67d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5da694d\" data-id=\"5da694d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da6a6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5da6a6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5da6aee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5da6aee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5da6c48\" data-id=\"5da6c48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da6d52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5da6d52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5da6dd8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5da6dd8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5da6f21\" data-id=\"5da6f21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da704d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5da704d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5da70d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5da70d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5da722d\" data-id=\"5da722d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da736c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5da736c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5da7401 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5da7401\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5da7550\" data-id=\"5da7550\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da7662 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5da7662\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5da76ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5da76ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5da7868\" data-id=\"5da7868\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da7979 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5da7979\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Firm Characteristics and Restatement of Financial Statement in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Lodikero Olusola, Amodu Muhammed Abdulasisi &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 623-628<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5da7a14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5da7a14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5da7b93\" data-id=\"5da7b93\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da7cc9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5da7cc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9821\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9821\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9822\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9822\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9823\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9823\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9824\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9824\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9825\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9825\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9826\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9826\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9821\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9821\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9821\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Published accounting information in financial statements are required to provide various users; shareholders, employees, suppliers, creditors, financial analysts, stockbrokers and government agencies with timely and reliable information useful for making prudent, effective and efficient decisions. This paper examines firm characteristics and restatement of financial reports in Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigates the relationship that subsists between firm characteristics and restatement of financial statement. The corporate annual reports and website for the periods 2010-2019 were utilised as the main sources of secondary data. The study adopted correlation technique to analyse the data collected from annual reports and corporate website of the listed companies in Nigeria. The findings showed that restatement of financial reporting is related to: firm size, ROA, and leverage. The results also revealed that restatement of financial statements significantly influenced investors, potential investors\u2019 behaviour and serves as correcting and control yardsticks to check mate intentional material misstatements in financial records. The study recommended the effective execution of the restatement standard with integrity and independence of executors.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 623-628\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9822\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9822\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9822\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lodikero Olusola <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Owo, Ondo state, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Don&#8217; Emenike<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Owo, Ondo state, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9823\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9823\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9823\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbdullah, S.N., Yusof, N.Z., &#038; Norn, M.N. 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(2015). Factors associated with financial restatements: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Pengurusan 44(2015): 105-116.<br \/>\r\n[42]\tWatts, R. L., &#038; Zimmerman, J. L. (1986).Positive accounting theory. London: Prentice-Hall.<br \/>\r\n[43]\tWaweru, N. M., &#038;Riro, G. K. (2013). Corporate governance, firm characteristics and Earnings management in an emerging economy. Journal of Accounting Research, 11(1): 43-64.<br \/>\r\n[44]\tWilson, W. M. (2008). An empirical analysis of the decline in the information content of earnings following restatements. The Accounting Review, 83(5): 19-48.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9824\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9824\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9824\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lodikero Olusola, Amodu Muhammed Abdulasisi &#8220;Firm Characteristics and Restatement of Financial Statement in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.623-628 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/623-628.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9825\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9825\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9825\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/623-628.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9826\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9826\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9826\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/firm-characteristics-and-restatement-of-financial-statement-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Firm Characteristics and Restatement of Financial Statement in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5daf584 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5daf584\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5daf6b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5daf6b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5daf895\" data-id=\"5daf895\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5daf9df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5daf9df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dafa76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dafa76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dafbd2\" data-id=\"5dafbd2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dafcfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dafcfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dafd7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dafd7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dafec8\" data-id=\"5dafec8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5daffce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5daffce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db0073 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db0073\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db01b7\" data-id=\"5db01b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db0301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db0301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db0388 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db0388\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db04de\" data-id=\"5db04de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db05ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db05ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db066d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db066d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db07b3\" data-id=\"5db07b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db08da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db08da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db097d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db097d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db0af9\" data-id=\"5db0af9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db0c18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db0c18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>How Efficient are Government Stringency Responses in Curbing the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Elvis Dze Achuo   &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 629-635<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db0cb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db0cb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db0e27\" data-id=\"5db0e27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db0f59 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5db0f59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9821\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9821\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9822\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9822\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9823\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9823\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9824\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9824\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9825\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9825\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9826\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9826\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9821\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9821\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9821\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study quantitatively examines the effectiveness of government response policies in abating the spread of COVID-19. We employed daily data spanning from mid-February 2020 to early August 2020 for a panel of 50 African countries. Results of the IRFs of the panel VAR model shows a negative significant long-run effect of government stringent responses on the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. This implies that stricter government responses reduce the spread of COVID-19. The robustness of this result was verified with the help of the FMOLS and DOLS estimators. Consequently, this study recommends that African governments should step-up their community screening\/testing capacities and continuously organise health campaigns to sensitize the citizens on the importance of respecting COVID-19 barrier measures. Equally, African governments should rethink the health of their citizens by increasing investments in the health sector in order to prevent the devastating health impacts of unexpected future pandemics.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 629-635\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9822\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9822\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9822\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elvis Dze Achuo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Economics and Management Sciences, the University of Dschang &#8211; Cameroon<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9823\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9823\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9823\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]\tAbrigo, M.R.M. and Love, I. (2016) Estimation of Panel Vector Autoregression in Stata. The Stata Journal, 16(3): 778\u2013804<br \/>\r\n[2]\tCovello, V. and Hyer, R. (2020) COVID-19: Simple Answers to Top Questions, Risk Communication Guide. Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, July 12, 2020. Arlington, Virginia<br \/>\r\n[3]\tEmirmahmutoglu, F. and Kose, N. (2011) Testing for Granger Causality in Heterogeneous Mixed Panels. Economic Modelling, 28: 870-876<br \/>\r\n[4]\tHale, T., Webster, S. Petherick, A. et al. (2020) Oxford COVID-19 Government Response. Assessed on 7th August 2020 from: https:\/\/www.bsg.ox.ac.uk\/research\/research-projects\/oxford-covid-19-government-response-tracker<br \/>\r\n[5]\tJoynt, G.M. and Wu, W. (2020) Understanding COVID-19: what does viral RNA load really mean? Latent Infectious Disease, 20(6): 635-636<br \/>\r\n[6]\tJuodis, A. (2018) First Difference Transformation in Panel VAR Models: Robustness, Estimation and Inference. Econometric Reviews, 37(6): 650-693<br \/>\r\n[7]\tLee, J-W. and McKibbin, W. (2004) Globalization and Disease: The Case of SARS. Asian Economic Papers, 3(1): 113-131<br \/>\r\n[8]\tLescure, F-X., Bouadma, L., Nguyen, D., Parisey, M. et al. (2020) Clinical and Virological Data of the First Cases of COVID-19 in Europe: A Case Series. Latent Infectious Disease, 20(6): 697-706<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMaliszewska, M., Mattoo, A. and van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2020) The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on GDP and Trade: A Preliminary Assessment. World Bank Group, Policy Research Working Paper 9211<br \/>\r\n[10]\tMcKibbin, W. and Fernando, R. (2020a) The Global Macroeconomic Impacts of COVID-19: Seven Scenarios. CAMA Working paper, The Australian National University (forthcoming)<br \/>\r\n[11]\tMcKibbin, W. and Fernando, R. (2020b) The\tEconomic Impact\tof\tCOVID-19. In: Economics in the Time of COVID-19. Centre for Economic Policy Research, CEPR Press, (pp.45-51), ISBN: 978-1-912179-28-2, London<br \/>\r\n[12]\tOWID (2020) Data on COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Assessed on August 6th 2020 from https:\/\/github.com\/owid\/covid-19-data\/tree\/master\/public\/data<br \/>\r\n[13]\tStatista (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease Pandemic: Statistics &#038; Facts. Assessed on August 6th from https:\/\/www.statista.com\/topics\/5994\/the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak\/<br \/>\r\n[14]\tToda, H.Y. and Yamamoto, T. (1995) Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66: 225-250<br \/>\r\n[15]\tUNESCO (2020) Education: From Disruption to Recovery. Assessed on August 12th 2020 from: https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/covid19\/educationresponse<br \/>\r\n[16]\tWorldometer (2020) Coronavirus Update. Assessed on August 6th 2020 from https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?%22%20%5Cl%20%22countries<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9824\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9824\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9824\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Elvis Dze Achuo   &#8220;How Efficient are Government Stringency Responses in Curbing the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.629-635 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/629-635.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9825\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9825\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9825\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/629-635.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9826\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9826\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9826\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/how-efficient-are-government-stringency-responses-in-curbing-the-spread-of-the-covid-19-pandemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How Efficient are Government Stringency Responses in Curbing the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db1d43 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5db1d43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db1e2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db1e2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db76c6\" data-id=\"5db76c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db7895 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db7895\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db7950 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db7950\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db7aed\" data-id=\"5db7aed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db7c17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db7c17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db7c9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db7c9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db7e05\" data-id=\"5db7e05\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db7f1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db7f1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db7f9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db7f9e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db80f1\" data-id=\"5db80f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db81fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db81fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db8281 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db8281\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db83d0\" data-id=\"5db83d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db84e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db84e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db8569 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db8569\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db86b6\" data-id=\"5db86b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db87c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db87c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db8863 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db8863\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db8a1d\" data-id=\"5db8a1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db8b4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db8b4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Responsibilities of Nurses in the Management of Admitted Patients with HIV and AIDS Related Illnesses<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Clement Nyati, Patrick Senderayi, Mqemane Tshababa, Ngonidzashe Mutanana- August 2020 Page No.: 636-646<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db8bf4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db8bf4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db8d77\" data-id=\"5db8d77\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db8eb4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5db8eb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9821\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9821\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9822\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9822\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9823\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9823\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9824\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9824\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9825\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9825\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9826\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9826\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9821\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9821\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9821\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of the study was to determine the perceptions of patients and nurses in view of the responsibilities of nurses in the care of admitted patients with HIV and AIDS related illnesses. The nurses\u2019 responsibilities in the management of admitted patients with HIV and AIDS related illnesses are varied and go beyond the administration of prescribed medications.  An anti-positivist \/ interpretivist approach, which is a qualitative methodology, was adopted. The study, through its methods, sought to capture HIV and AIDS nursing care aspects in their entirety within the context of the patients and nurses who are experiencing them. Interpretive phenomenology was applied to explicitly describe the experience as lived by the participants. Convenience\u2013purposive sampling was employed in the recruitment of nurses, and a simple random sampling technique was utilised in the recruitment of patients. Patients were included in the study on the basis of having been admitted for more than a day, conscious, and mentally stable. The participants shared their experiences when they were engaged through semi-structured interview schedules, focus group discussions and short essays. The details of the participants remained anonymous throughout the study to protect their identity. The dignity of all research participants in this study was respected and maintained, and their autonomy was ensured.  The data generated were analysed through a series of steps of the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Framework (IPA). The first stage involved the transcription of data from interviews and focus group discussions verbatim.  In the second stage preliminary themes were identified.  The third stage involved grouping themes together as clusters. The final stage involved tabulating themes in a summary table. Six master themes emerged from the data, Establishment of constancy, Patient Empowerment, Infection control, Benevolence and need for patient safety and comfort. The nurses\u2019 experiences and patients\u2019 experiences helped generate master themes that address the issue of the nurses\u2019 scope in the management of admitted patients with HIV and AIDS related illnesses. The themes include: Provision of constancy. Patient empowerment, Infection Control, Provision of comprehensive care. Extended enquiries in the area of patient empowerment and infection need to be conducted. These concepts have been deemed essential in the care of admitted patients with HIV and AIDS related illnesses. There is very scanty data with regards to these concepts in view of abilities of nurses to provide adequate care to admitted patients<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 636-646\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9822\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9822\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9822\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Clement Nyati<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Zimbabwe Open University, Zimbabwe <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Patrick Senderayi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Polytechnic, Zimbabwe<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mqemane Tshababa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Police Staff College, Zimbabwe<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ngonidzashe Mutanana<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSenior Lecturer, Women\u2019s University in Africa, Zimbabwe<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9823\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9823\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9823\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tBiggerstaff, D. 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A., Harr\u00e9, R. &#038; Van Langenhove, L. (1995). Idiography and the case study. In J. A.\tSmith, R. Harre &#038; L. Van Langenhove (Eds.) Rethinking Psychology. London: Sage.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tSpinelli, E. (2005). The interpreted world: an introduction to phenomenological psychology.\t(2nd.ed.) London: Sage. In Biggerstaff D. L. &#038; Thompson A. R. (2008). QualitativeResearch in Psychology. 5: 173 \u2013 183.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tTufford, L. and Newman, P. (2012). Bracketing in Qualitative Research. Qualitative \tSocial Work, vol. 11, 1: 80-96.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tVan Manen M. (1997). Researching Lived Experience: Human science for an action sensitive  pedagogy. London, Ontario: Althouse.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tWaters, J. (2016). Phenomenological Research Guidelines. Capilano University. https:\/\/www.capilanou.ca\/psychology\/student-resources\/research- guidelines\/Phenomenological-Research-Guidelines\/<br \/>\r\n[26].\tWeaver, K.D. &#038; J.K. Olson, (2006). Understanding paradigms used for nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing 53(4):459-69<br \/>\r\n[27].\tWHO (2016). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. HIV and AIDS: Global situation andtrends: www.who.int\/gho\/hiv\/en. Geneva, Switzerland.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tYox, S. &#038; Farley J. E. (2012). The role of the nurse in HIV treatment and Care. Nurse\tModels of HIV Care and Treatment: Addressing Health Workforce Shortages for\tLong \u2013 Term Sustainability. XIX International AIDS Conference in Washington, DC<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9824\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9824\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9824\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Clement Nyati, Patrick Senderayi, Mqemane Tshababa, Ngonidzashe Mutanana &#8220;Responsibilities of Nurses in the Management of Admitted Patients with HIV and AIDS Related Illnesses&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.636-646 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/636-646.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9825\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9825\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9825\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/636-646.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9826\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9826\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9826\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/responsibilities-of-nurses-in-the-management-of-admitted-patients-with-hiv-and-aids-related-illnesses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Responsibilities of Nurses in the Management of Admitted Patients with HIV and AIDS Related Illnesses<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db9d2e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5db9d2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db9e17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db9e17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db9f8d\" data-id=\"5db9f8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc3453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dc3453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dc3567 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dc3567\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dc370f\" data-id=\"5dc370f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc3839 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dc3839\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dc38da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dc38da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dc3a7f\" data-id=\"5dc3a7f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc3ba1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dc3ba1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dc3c2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dc3c2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dc3d83\" data-id=\"5dc3d83\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc3eb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dc3eb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dc3f39 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dc3f39\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dc40a5\" data-id=\"5dc40a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc41af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dc41af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dc422e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dc422e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dc437b\" data-id=\"5dc437b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc448d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dc448d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dc4530 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dc4530\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dc46a9\" data-id=\"5dc46a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc47ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dc47ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Role of Political Leadership and Governance in the Reintegration of War Veterans: Challenges and Their Implications for Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Shadreck P.M. Makombe  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 647-652<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dc4862 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dc4862\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dc4a05\" data-id=\"5dc4a05\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc4b4c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5dc4b4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9831\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9831\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9832\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9832\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9833\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9833\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9834\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9834\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9835\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9835\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9836\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9836\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9831\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9831\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9831\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The research sought to assess the reintegration of war veterans into the society, the challenges and their implications. In trying to find solutions to the research problem, the researcher examined the role of political leadership and governance in the handling of the integration of war veterans in Zimbabwe and identified reintegration models that can be undertaken to ensure that the war veteran\u2019s grievances are holistically met and accommodated by the ordinary community members in Zimbabwe. The research method used was qualitative approach and the data was generated through the use of face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions and the researcher as a tool with a sample of eight participants which consisted war veterans. The findings were presented in narrative form; thematic analysis was used through interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Lack of participation had negative consequences for the specific programme objectives, and also for the wider peacebuilding project to which DDR is meant to contribute. Inaccurate information, lack of consultation, failures in programme delivery, and misappropriation of funds all of which were closely linked to the lower rungs of the ladder of participation had negative consequences for the rebuilding of social capital and identification with the new system of governance and accountability which is part of the countries\u2019 transition from armed conflict to peace. The research concluded that failure to recognize the political dimension adequately at the policy level has also meant that the issue has been poorly dealt with at the local level by implementers of reintegration programs.  reintegration was not properly conducted in Zimbabwe and war veterans would remain isolated from society if no proper measures are taken. The research suggests it was the government\u2019s responsibility to implement a framework for reintegration of war veterans and war victims through reconstruction, rehabilitation, resettlement, empowerment and social security programmes.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 647-652\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9832\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9832\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9832\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shadreck P.M. Makombe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nZimbabwe Open University, Zimbabwe<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9833\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9833\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9833\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAfrican Monitor (2011). Fighting Ranges in Sudan\u2019s  Southern  Kordofan. Retrieved April 21, 2011, from http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Africa\/Africa-<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAlexander, J. (2006). Community Based Reintegration: Programme Evaluation. New York:  UNICEF.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAlison, Miranda, (2004), \u201cWomen as Agents of Political Violence: Gendering Security\u201d, Security Dialogue, 35(4):447\u2013463.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tBarnes T A, (1991), The Heroes&#8217; Struggle: Life after the Liberation War\/or Four Ex-combatants in Zimbabwe, Department of Economic History, University of Zimbabwe<br \/>\r\n[5]\tBetancourt, T., Borisova, I., Rubin-Smith, J., Gingerich, T., Williams, T. and Agnew-  Blais, J. (2008). Psychosocial Adjustment and Social Reintegration of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups: The State of the Field and Future Directions: a report prepared for psychology beyond borders. Harvard School of Public Health, Boston.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tBj\u00f8rgo and Horgan (2008) Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and<br \/>\r\n[7]\tBloom, S. (1999). 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The transition from war to peace in sub-Saharan Africa. doi:1<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9834\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9834\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9834\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shadreck P.M. Makombe  &#8220;Role of Political Leadership and Governance in the Reintegration of War Veterans: Challenges and Their Implications for Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.647-652 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/647-652.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9835\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9835\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9835\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/647-652.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9836\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9836\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9836\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/role-of-political-leadership-and-governance-in-the-reintegration-of-war-veterans-challenges-and-their-implications-for-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Role of Political Leadership and Governance in the Reintegration of War Veterans: Challenges and Their Implications for Zimbabwe<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc5997 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5dc5997\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dc5a80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dc5a80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dcebb3\" data-id=\"5dcebb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dced4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dced4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dcedef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dcedef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dcef6f\" data-id=\"5dcef6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dcf091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dcf091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dcf117 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dcf117\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dcf287\" data-id=\"5dcf287\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dcf39a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dcf39a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dcf42a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dcf42a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dcf610\" data-id=\"5dcf610\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dcf742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dcf742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dcf7cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dcf7cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dcf939\" data-id=\"5dcf939\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dcfa49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dcfa49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dcfad3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dcfad3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dcfc25\" data-id=\"5dcfc25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dcfd45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dcfd45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dcfdef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dcfdef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dcff72\" data-id=\"5dcff72\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dd00d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dd00d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Reintegration of War Veterans: Challenges and Their Implications for Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Shadreck P.M. Makombe &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 653-659<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dd020e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dd020e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dd0474\" data-id=\"5dd0474\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dd05df elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5dd05df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9831\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9831\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9832\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9832\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9833\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9833\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9834\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9834\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9835\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9835\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9836\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9836\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9831\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9831\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9831\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The research sought to assess the reintegration of war veterans into the society, the challenges and their implications. In trying to find solutions to the research problem, the researcher examined the nature of the relationship between the war veterans and society in Zimbabwe and to determine how war veterans were being reintegrated into the society after returning from the war. The research method used was qualitative approach and the data was generated through the use of face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions and the researcher as a tool with a sample of eight participants which consisted war veterans. The research singled out that reintegration of war veterans had resulted in a complex process which raises many moral, practical, and operational questions. It was ultimately the remaking of relationships on many levels, not only between individuals, communities, and states, but within all of these entities as well. This research shows that participatory approaches in the Zimbabwe Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration DDR programmes fell short in meeting their objectives. Lack of participation had negative consequences for the specific programme objectives, and also for the wider peacebuilding project to which DDR is meant to contribute. The research concluded that reintegration was not properly conducted in Zimbabwe and war veterans would remain isolated from society if no proper measures are taken<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 653-659\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9832\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9832\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9832\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shadreck P.M. Makombe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nZimbabwe Open University, Zimbabwe<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9833\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9833\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9833\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAfrican Monitor (2011). Fighting Ranges in Sudan\u2019s  Southern  Kordofan. Retrieved April 21, 2011, from http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Africa\/Africa-<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBerg, B. L., and Lune, H. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (Vol. 5). 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The Qualitative Report 13 (4), pp. 544-559.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tIsmail, Olawale, (2002), \u201cLiberia\u2019s Child Combatants: Paying the Price of Neglect\u201d, Conflict, Security and Development, 2(2):125\u2013134.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tKvale, S (1996). Interviews: An introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage publications.<br \/>\r\n[27]\tKvale, S. and Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. Los Angeles, California: Sage publications<br \/>\r\n[28]\tMackie, D.  M.  (1986).  \u201cSocial identification effects  in  group  polarization\u201d.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: 1986, 50, 720-728.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tMajok, I. D. (2002). Suffering and God, a Theological Reflection on the War in Sudan.   Gurtong: Paulines Publications Africa.<br \/>\r\n[30]\tMhanda A (2011) Individual demobilization and reintegration process in Colombia: Implementation, challenges and former combatants\u2019 perspectives. Intervention, 5(3), 179-190. doi:10.1097\/WTF.0b013e3282f1d036<br \/>\r\n[31]\tMoyo S, (1985), The Socic-Economic Status and Needs of Ex-Combatants: The Case of Masvingo Province, Z.I.D.S Consultancy Report prepared for the Lutheran World Federation (Harare), 4<br \/>\r\n[32]\tMuchomba, E. and Sharp, B. (2006). South Sudan Centre for Census, Statistics and<br \/>\r\n[33]\tMugenda, A. G. (2008). Social Science Research.Principles and Practice. Nairobi: ARTS.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tNyasha and Row, (1983), &#8216;Four Yean of Armed Struggle in Zimbabwe&#8217; in Davies M, (ed), Third World, Second Sex: Women&#8217;s Struggles andNational Liberation, Third World Women speak out. Zed Books, London<br \/>\r\n[35]\tNyathi and Hoffman, (1990), Tomorrow is Built Today: Experiences of War, Colonialism and the Struggle for Collective Co-operatives in Zimbabwe, AmviL Harare<br \/>\r\n[36]\tNyerere, J. K. (1968). Education for Self Reliance, Freedom and Socialism. Dar es Salaam:  Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[37]\tOlson, E. T. (2010). Personal Identity, the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved June 18, 2010 fromhttp:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/win2010\/entries\/identity-personal\/<br \/>\r\n[38]\tPorto J., Parsons I. and Alden C. (2007). From soldiers to citizens: the social, economic and  political reintegration of UNITA Ex-combatants, ISS MONOGRAPH SERIES No 130. Luanda, Angola. Press.<br \/>\r\n[39]\tPugel, J. (2006). What the Fighters Say: A Survey of Ex-combatants in Liberia. A UNDP- funded empirical study conducted in partnership with African Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect, Monrovia: ANPPCAN<br \/>\r\n[40]\tPutnam A (2001), Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict, Global Overview and Implications for Security Sector, Geneva Centre for<br \/>\r\n[41]\tRose, S., Bisson. J., Churchill, R. and Wessely, S. (2009). Psychological debriefing for   preventingpost traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Retrieved June 10, 2011, from  http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/o\/cochrane\/clsysrev\/articles\/CD000560\/frame.html<br \/>\r\n[42]\tThe following newspapers and magazines are cited in the text: Argus; The People&#8217;s Voice; The Herald; The Financial Gazette; The Zimbabwe News; Moto; Zimbabwe Project<br \/>\r\n[43]\tUNESCO (2010). Education under attack: Published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France. University of East London.<br \/>\r\n[44]\tWatson C. (2010). Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants: What Role for the European Union? Reintegration briefing paper 1.1. International Alert, London.<br \/>\r\n[45]\tWorld Bank. (1996). The transition from war to peace in sub-Saharan Africa. doi:10.1596\/0-8213-3581-2<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9834\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9834\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9834\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shadreck P.M. Makombe &#8220;The Reintegration of War Veterans: Challenges and Their Implications for Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.653-659 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/653-659.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9835\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9835\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9835\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/653-659.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9836\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9836\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9836\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-reintegration-of-war-veterans-challenges-and-their-implications-for-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Reintegration of War Veterans: Challenges and Their Implications for Zimbabwe<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddc2a5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ddc2a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddc3ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddc3ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddc53e\" data-id=\"5ddc53e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddc670 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddc670\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddc711 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddc711\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddc880\" data-id=\"5ddc880\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddc9a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddc9a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddca2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddca2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddcb87\" data-id=\"5ddcb87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddcc8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddcc8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddcd18 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddcd18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddce5a\" data-id=\"5ddce5a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddcf80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddcf80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddd000 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddd000\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddd14e\" data-id=\"5ddd14e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddd254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddd254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddd2e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddd2e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddd44e\" data-id=\"5ddd44e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddd567 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddd567\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddd607 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddd607\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddd770\" data-id=\"5ddd770\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddd883 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddd883\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Improvisation of 3-Dimensional Instructional Model to Enhance the Learning Process in Fine Arts <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>BABATUNDE, Christopher Femi  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 660-664<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddd92c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddd92c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dddaa0\" data-id=\"5dddaa0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dddbca elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5dddbca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9841\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9842\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9843\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9844\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9845\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9846\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9841\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9841\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper examined the improvisation of three-dimensional instructional model to enhance the learning process in Fine Arts. It reviews the concept of improvisation and possible goals of improvisation in teaching and learning processes. Furthermore, it looks into the reason for 3-D instructional materials and the two categories of media, primarily three dimensional, models and puppets and other kinds of three dimensional instructional models such as Dioramas, mock-ups, Television, Radio, Computer, Overhead projectors etc. the study went ahead to explain the importance of three dimensional instructional model in teaching and learning fine arts, such as arousal of interest, retention of knowledge and power, saves time and Improvement of quality of instruction. Also, the source of this paper was secondary source such as, journals, articles, books and internet browsing. The study concluded that Fine Art teachers should adopt the use of improvisation to complement the standard materials in the teaching of Fine Art; Learners should be engaged in the process of improvising instructional materials; Students should be encouraged with the help of the teacher to assembly locally made materials resources which should be used in the teaching of Fine Art. This will help to reduce the abstract nature of the subject as some of the suggestions given in this paper.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 660-664\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9842\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9842\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>BABATUNDE, Christopher Femi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUsmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9843\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9843\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbdullahi, M. (2010). Designing and Developing Instructional Materials by School Teachers. A leader paper presented at the Annual Conference and Convention, Organized by the Nigeria Association for Educational Media and Technology (NAEMT). C.O.E Minna 20th \u2013 26th September, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAbdu-Raheem, B. O. (2016). Effects of Instructional Materials on Secondary Schools Students\u2019 Academic Achievement in Social Studies in Ekiti State, Nigeria. World Journal of Education, Vol. 6, No. 1(ISSN 1925-0746), 32-39.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAbdu-Raheem, B. O., &#038; Oluwagbohunmi, M. F. (2015). Pre-service teachers\u2019 problems of improvisation of instructional materials in social studies in Ekiti State University. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(3),160-163.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAnyasode, B. A. (2010). Religion on the Society. Journal of Society, 11, 75-90.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAzubuike, A. (2004) Principle and Practice of Educational Technology: Ibadan International Publisher Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tAzzara, C. D. (2002). Improvisation in Colwel, Richard (ed), The New Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning: A Project of the Music Educators National Conference, Oxford: University Press.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tBada, T. A. (2013). Towards Effective Utilization of the Mass Media to Improvise the Quality of Instruction in Schools. Nigeria Journal of Social Sciences, 3, 148-159.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tBada, T. A., Bello, I, Ijisakin, Y. O., &#038; Fajuyigbe, M. O. (2014). Effects of Two and Three- Dimensional Visual Objects on the Acquisition of Drawing Skills. World Journal of Education. Vol. 4, No. 1:2014. Published by sciedu Press.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tBerk, R. A. &#038; Trieber, R. H. (2009) whose classroom is it, anyway? Improvisation as a tool. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 20 (3), 29-60.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tDalhatu I.I. (2014).Improvisation: An Essential Requirement for Effective Teaching and Learning. Sokoto Educational Review Vol. 13 (2): October 2012. Published by: Faculty of Education and Extension Services, Sokoto, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tGombrich, T. P. (2005). Techniques of Drawing in Nigeria Secondary Schools. Lagos: Macmillan.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tHornby, A, S. (2010). Oxford Advanced Dictionary of Current English. Improvisation in Physics Class: Implications for Teaching and Learning, Journal of Research and Method in Education, Vol. 2 no. 5, Pp. 38-42 http:\/\/www.creativityatwork.com<br \/>\r\n[13]\tIgbo, J. N &#038;Omeje, J.C 2014, Perceived Efficacy of Teacher-made Instructional Materials in Promoting Learning Among Mathematics-disabled children, SAGE Open 1-6 Retrieved 11 February 2011,http:\/\/sgo-sagepub.com\/content\/4\/2\/2158244014538431.full-text.pdf+html.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tKochhar, S. K. (2012). The Teaching of Social Studies. New Delhi, India. 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The Use of Instructional Materials for Effective learning of Islamic Studies, Journal of Jihat at-Islam, Vol. 6 no. 2 pp. 29-40.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tOlumorin C. O., Yusuf A., Ajidagba U. A &#038; Jekayinfa A. A. (2010). Development of Instructional Materials from Local Resources for Art-based Courses. Asian Journal of information Technology, 9 (2) 107-110. Available online at www.medwelljournals.com\/ref.phd? doi-ajit<br \/>\r\n[20]\tOnasanya, S. A (2004). Selection and Utilization of Instructional Media for Effective Practice Teaching, Institute Journal of Studies in Education, Vol. 2 No.1, Pp. 127-133.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tOsho, L. (2011). Need for Improvisation in Classroom Teaching. Lagos: Retrieved from: http:\/\/odili.net\/news\/source\/2011\/june\/20\/802.html on 29\/6\/13<br \/>\r\n[22]\tTukur, A. K. (2012).Teachers Guide to Improvisation and Utilization of Instructional Materials. Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Pp. 13 &#038; 81.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tWathore N. G (2012). Utility of Instructional Materials in the Teaching of Geography at Higher Secondary Level, International<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9844\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9844\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">BABATUNDE, Christopher Femi  &#8220;Improvisation of 3-Dimensional Instructional Model to Enhance the Learning Process in Fine Arts &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.660-664 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/660-664.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9845\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9845\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/660-664.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9846\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9846\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/improvisation-of-3-dimensional-instructional-model-to-enhance-the-learning-process-in-fine-arts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Improvisation of 3-Dimensional Instructional Model to Enhance the Learning Process in Fine Arts <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dde9c9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5dde9c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddeab3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddeab3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddec2f\" data-id=\"5ddec2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dded49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dded49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddedca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddedca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddef23\" data-id=\"5ddef23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf060 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddf060\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf0ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddf0ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf249\" data-id=\"5ddf249\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf351 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddf351\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf3ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddf3ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf521\" data-id=\"5ddf521\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf630 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddf630\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf6ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddf6ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf7f3\" data-id=\"5ddf7f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf8f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddf8f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddf96d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddf96d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ddfaf2\" data-id=\"5ddfaf2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddfc17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddfc17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ddfcb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ddfcb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5de8b7b\" data-id=\"5de8b7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de8d1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5de8d1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Financial Management Practices and Financial Performance of Construction Companies in Nairobi County<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Njeri M. N., Dr Muhoho J.,  Kiarie J. &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 665-670<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5de8de2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5de8de2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5de8f9f\" data-id=\"5de8f9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de90e6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5de90e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9841\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9842\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9843\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9844\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9845\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9846\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9841\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9841\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Nowadays, competition is becoming very stiff in the business environment Due to this fact, business firms are trying hard to create better interaction with customers and suppliers. Similarly, wise decision making is very crucial to the success of the business firm. This study sought to establish the relationship between financial management practices and financial performance of construction companies: A case study of construction companies in Nairobi County. Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of internal controls on financial performance of construction industry in Nairobi County. The target population consisted of 167 registered construction firms in Nairobi County. This study adopted census sampling technique since the population size was small. The mean and standard deviation stood in for the descriptive technique.Correlation and regression analysis were the inferential statistics used in the study. The study concludes that internal control has a positive influence on financial performance of construction companies in Nairobi County in Kenya.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 665-670\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9842\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9842\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Njeri M. N.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSt. Paul\u2019s university, School of Business. 00217, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Muhoho J.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSt. Paul\u2019s university, School of Business. 00217, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kiarie J.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSt. Paul\u2019s university, School of Business. 00217, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9843\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9843\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbdi, A. D. (2015). The Impact of Internal Control System on Financial Performance In Mogadishu Private Banks (Case Study Some Selected Private Banks In Mogadishu). Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, Horseed International University.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAfolabi, M. O. (2013). Effect of Financial Reporting on Investment Decision Making of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ,22<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAhmed, I. (2012). Impact of Working Capital Management on Performance of Listed Non-Financial Companies of Pakistan: Application of OLS and LOGIT Models. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Business Management (ISBN: 978-969-9368-06-6)<br \/>\r\n[4]\tChung S. H., &#038; Chuang J. H., (2013). The effect of financial management practices on profitability of small and medium enterprises in Veitnam, DBA thesis MeihoUniversity.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tDaily, S. E., Donnell, E. O, &#038;Arel, B. M. (2013). The influence of auditor experience on the persuasiveness of information provided by management. Auditing: A journal of practice &#038; theory, 27(1), 67\u201383.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tDineshkumar, S., &#038; Kogulacumar, P. (2013). Internal Control System and its impact on the Performance of the Sri Lanka Telecom limited in Jaffna District. International journal of advanced computer technology, 2(6), 56-64.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tHamed, A.(2014). A clear Look at Internal Control: Theory and Concept. Unpublished MBA Research Paper. University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tHamza, K., Mutala, Z., &#038; Antwi, S. K. (2015). Cash management practices and financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the northern region of Ghana. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(7), 456-480.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tIbrahim, S., Diibuzie, G., &#038; Abubakari, M. (2017). The impact of internal control systems on financial performance: The case of health institutions in upper West Region of Ghana. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4), 684-696.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tJensen, M.C. &#038;Meckling, W.H (1976). Agency Theory: Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1) 99-120.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tKhan, N. I. &#038; Rahim, N. H. (2015). Firm Performance: An Empirical Study on Timeliness of Financial Reporting and Financial Voluntary Disclosure. e- Academia Journal UiTMT, Volume 5 Issue 1 PP. 1-5(http:\/\/journale- academiauitmt.edu.my\/)<br \/>\r\n[12]\tKumar, D. (2015). Correlation between Strategic Planning and Firm Performance.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tMagu, J. K., &#038; Kibati, P. (2016). Influence of internal control systems on financial performance of Kenya Farmers\u2019 Association Limited. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 4(4), 783-800.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tManne, H. G. (2015). Corporate governance\u2013Getting back to market basics.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tMwakimasinde, M., Odhiambo, A., &#038; Byaruhanga, J. (2014). Effects of internal control systems on financial performance of sugarcane out grower companies in Kenya. Journal of Business and Management, 16(12), 62-73.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tNyakundi, D. O., Nyamita, M. O., &#038; Tinega, T. M. (2014). Effect of internal control systems on financial performance of small and medium scale business enterprises in Kisumu City, Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences and Entrepreneurship, 1(11), 719-734.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tNyakundi, D. O., Nyamita, M. O., &#038; Tinega, T. M. (2014). Effect of internal control systems on financial performance of small and medium scale business enterprises in Kisumu City, Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences and Entrepreneurship, 1(11), 719-734.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tOlango, E. O. (2014). The Effects of International Financial Reporting Standards Adoption on Smes Performance: A Case Study Mombasa Central Business District (CBD) Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,5 (7)<br \/>\r\n[19]\tShapiro, M. N. (2015). Financial Management and Profitability of SME in Vetinam,<br \/>\r\n[20]\tShim Jae, K., &#038; Siegel Joel, G. (2014). Budgeting Basics and Beyond: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide for Nonfinancial Managers.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tTaiwo, F. H. &#038;Adejare, A. T. (2014). Empirical Analysis of the Effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption on Accounting Practices in Nigeria. Archives of Business Research, 2(2), 1-14.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tUwalomwa U. and Uadiale O.M., (2012). An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between Capital Structure, Financial Performance of Firms in Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9844\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9844\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9844\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Njeri M. N., Dr Muhoho J.,  Kiarie J. &#8220;Financial Management Practices and Financial Performance of Construction Companies in Nairobi County&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.665-670 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/665-670.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9845\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9845\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9845\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/665-670.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9846\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9846\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9846\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/financial-management-practices-and-financial-performance-of-construction-companies-in-nairobi-county\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Financial Management Practices and Financial Performance of Construction Companies in Nairobi County<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de9fde elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5de9fde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dea0dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dea0dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dea27a\" data-id=\"5dea27a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dea3d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dea3d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dea464 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dea464\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dea5c4\" data-id=\"5dea5c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dea6d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dea6d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dea757 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dea757\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dea8d2\" data-id=\"5dea8d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5deaa16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5deaa16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5deaaa2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5deaaa2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5deabf2\" data-id=\"5deabf2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5deacfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5deacfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dead83 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dead83\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5deaee6\" data-id=\"5deaee6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5deaffa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5deaffa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5deb076 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5deb076\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5deb1c3\" data-id=\"5deb1c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5deb2c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5deb2c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5deb368 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5deb368\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5deb4c8\" data-id=\"5deb4c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e00165 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e00165\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Causality between Manufacturing Efficiency, Energy Use and Economic Growth in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Olabode Eric Olabisi (Ph.D) &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 671-675<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e0025e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e0025e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e00427\" data-id=\"5e00427\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e005b1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e005b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9852\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9853\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9854\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9855\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9856\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9851\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Studies on whether manufacturing productivity with interaction of energy use promotes economic growth are of cardinal importance as a result of the fact that energy use measured in kilogramme of oil equivalent per capita is a major factor that engineers the growth of manufacturing productivity. Using the unrestricted Vector Auto-regression (VAR) approach, the study examines the causality between manufacturing productivity, energy use and economic growth in Nigeria from 1985 to 2018. The Augmented Dickey Fuller unit-root tests, Pairwise and Wald test statistics Granger causality tests were employed. Results reveal two-way causality between manufacturing productivity and economic growth in Nigeria. While economic growth and manufacturing productivity (MP) Granger cause energy use (EU) and not vice versa, jointly examined, MP and EU promote growth in Nigeria, GDP and EU promote MP, and GDP combined with MP enhances the use of energy in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that adequate energy supply should be made available to the manufacturing sector for meaningful economic growth to occur in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 671-675\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9852\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9852\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9852\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olabode Eric Olabisi (Ph.D)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Humanities, Social &#038; Management Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9853\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9853\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9853\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n\t[1]\tAtesoglu. 1993. Manufacturing and economic growth in the United States. Applied Economics 25:   67-69.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBairan. 1991. Economic growth and Kaldor\u2019s law: the case of Turkey. Applied Economics 23: 1277-1280.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tChakravarty, S. and A. Mitra. 2009. Is industry still the engine of growth? An econometric study of the organized sector eMPloyment in India. Journal of Policy Modelling 31: 22\u201335.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tDasgupta, S. and A. Singh. 2006. Manufacturing, services and premature deindustrialization in developing countries United Nations University World Institute of Development Economic, United Nations University.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tDrakopoulos and Theodossiou. 1991. Kaldorian approach to Greek economic growth. Applied Economics 23:1683-1689.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tFagerberg, J. and B. Verspagen. 1999. Modern Capitalism in the 1970s and 1980s, In Growth, eMPloyment and inflation, 113-126, Palgrave Macmillan, London.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tHaraguchi, N., Cheng, C.F.C., and Smeets, E. 2017. The IMPortance of Manufacturing in Economic Development: Has this Changed?\u201d World Development 20: 293-315.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tHarris, R. I. (1992). Testing for unit roots using the augmented Dickey-Fuller test: Some issues relating to the size, power and the lag structure of the test. Economics letters, 38(4), 381-386.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tKaldor. 1967. Strategic factors in economic development. Ithaca: New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tKathuria, V. and R.R. Natarajan. 2013. Is manufacturing an engine of growth in India in the post-nineties? Journal of South Asian Development, 8: 385\u2013408.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tMcCausland, D. W. and I. Theodossiou. 2012. Is manufacturing still the engine of growth? Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 35: 79\u201393.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tMarconi, N., Reis, C. F. D. B. and E. C. D. Arau\u00b4 jo. 2016. Manufacturing and economic development: The actuality of Kaldor\u2019s first and second laws. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 37: 75\u201389.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tNational Bureau of Statistics (2016). Economic Statistics in Nigeria, Abuja: The NBS Publication.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tNational Bureau of Statistics. 2017. Economic Statistics in Nigeria, Abuja: The NBS Publication.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tNecmi. 1999. Kaldor\u2019s growth analysis revisited. Applied Economics, 31: 653\u2013660.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tOnakoya, A. B. (2015). The Kaldor-Verdoorn\u2019s law on manufacturing: Test of the Nigerian experience. Redeemer\u2019s University Journal of       Management and Social Sciences, 3(1), 37-49.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tDas, P. (2019). Econometrics in Theory and Practice (pp. 219-225). Springer, Singapore<br \/>\r\n[18]\tRowthorn, R., and K. Coutts. 2004. De-industrialisation and the balance of pay-ments in advanced economies. Cambridge Journal of Economics 28: 767\u2013790.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tSchwert, G. W. (1989). Tests for unit roots: A Monte Carlo investigation. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 7:147\u2013159.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tStoneman, P. (1979). Kaldor&#8217;s law and British economic growth: 1800\u20131970. Applied Economics, 11(3), 309-319.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tSu, D. and Y. Yao. 2016. Manufacturing as the key engine of economic growth for middle-income economies. ADBI Working Paper No. 573.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tSzirmai. 2012. Industrialisation as an engine of growth in developing countries 1950\u20132005, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 23: 406\u2013420.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tSzirmai, A. (2013). Manufacturing and economic development. Pathways to industrialization in the twenty-first century: New challenges and emerging paradigms, 53-75.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tSzirmai, A. and B. Verspagen (2015). Manufacturing and economic growth in developing countries, 1950\u20132005. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 34: 46\u201359.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tThirlwall. 1983. A plain man\u2019s guide to Kaldor\u2019s growth laws. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 5: 345-358.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9854\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9854\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9854\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Olabode Eric Olabisi (Ph.D) &#8220;Causality between Manufacturing Efficiency, Energy Use and Economic Growth in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.671-675 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/671-675.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9855\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9855\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9855\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/671-675.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9856\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9856\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9856\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/causality-between-manufacturing-efficiency-energy-use-and-economic-growth-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Causality between Manufacturing Efficiency, Energy Use and Economic Growth in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e01448 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e01448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e01538 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e01538\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e016b2\" data-id=\"5e016b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e017de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e017de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e0185f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e0185f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e019b1\" data-id=\"5e019b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e01abe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e01abe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e01b45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e01b45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e01c8c\" data-id=\"5e01c8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e01d9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e01d9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e01e1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e01e1f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e01f72\" data-id=\"5e01f72\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e020bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e020bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e02160 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e02160\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e022ab\" data-id=\"5e022ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e023c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e023c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e02447 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e02447\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e0259a\" data-id=\"5e0259a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e026a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e026a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e02741 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e02741\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e0289b\" data-id=\"5e0289b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e029b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e029b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Traditional Games <i>Engklek<\/i> as a Medium to Increase Self-Control in School-Aged Children in Indonesia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Iswinarti- August 2020 Page No.: 676-682<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e02a51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e02a51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e0acb6\" data-id=\"5e0acb6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0ae50 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e0ae50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Self-control is a personal ability to control emotions and cognitive as well as the decision-making processes that lead to positive behavior in order to achieve the expected goals. Self-control is needed to deal with various problems in daily life. Various attempts were made to be able to practice self-control; one of them was through the traditional game Engklek (hopscotch) game. The traditional game Engklek contains useful values in self-control. This study aims to determine the effect of traditional games Engklek as a medium to improve children&#8217;s self-control. This study used a quasi-experimental method with pretest and posttest control group design. The research subjects were 54 grade-5th elementary school students who are divided into three groups. The first group was given the treatment of traditional games of Payung and Sorok Engklek. The second group was given the treatment of traditional games Payung and Engklek Pa&#8217;a. The third group as a control group that was not given any treatment. Data analysis used the ANOVA test to compare self-control in the three groups and paired-test to compare the pretest and posttest in self-control scores. The results showed that there was self-control increasing of the children who were treated by traditional games Engklek  Payung, Sorok, and Pa&#8217;a.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 676-682\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iswinarti<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPsychology Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAeni, N., A., &#038; J., D. 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Rimanews.Com. http:\/\/rimanews.com\/budaya\/pendidikan\/read\/20141013\/177539\/Bullying-di-Bukittinggi-Siswi-SD-Dikeroyok-Teman-temannya<br \/>\r\n[20]\tSutton \u2013 Shimth, B. (1999). Children Forklore: A source Book. Logan. Utah: Utah University Press.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tTangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., &#038; Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2).<br \/>\r\n[22]\tTarullo, A. R., Obradovic, J., &#038; Gunnar, M. R. (2009). Self-control and the developing brain. Zero to Three, 31\u201337.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tTeam, T. U. (2014). At a glance: 3 types of self-control issues. https:\/\/www.understood.org\/en\/friends-feelings\/common-challenges\/self-control\/at-a-glance-3-types-of-self-control-issues<br \/>\r\n[24]\tThobroni, M., &#038; Mumtaz, F. (2011). Mendongkrak kecerdasan anak melalui bermain dan permainan. Jogjakarta: Katahati.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tViva.co.id. (2015). Bocah SD pukul teman hingga tewas, ini kata psikolog. Viva.Co.Id. http:\/\/life.viva.co.id\/news\/read\/676296-bocah-sd-pukul-teman-hingga-tewas&#8211;ini-kata-psikolog<br \/>\r\n[26]\tWills, T. A., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Murry, V. M., &#038; Brody, G. H. (2003). Family communication and religiosity related to substance use and sexual behavior in early adolescence: A test for pathways through self-control and prototype perceptions. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17(4), 312\u2013323.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Iswinarti &#8220;Traditional Games <i>Engklek<\/i> as a Medium to Increase Self-Control in School-Aged Children in Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.676-682 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/676-682.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/676-682.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/traditional-games-engklek-as-a-medium-to-increase-self-control-in-school-aged-children-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Traditional Games <i>Engklek<\/i> as a Medium to Increase Self-Control in School-Aged Children in Indonesia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0bcd6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e0bcd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e0bdc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e0bdc5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e0bf87\" data-id=\"5e0bf87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0c0b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e0c0b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e0c146 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e0c146\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e0c29a\" data-id=\"5e0c29a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0c3ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e0c3ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e0c428 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e0c428\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e0c578\" data-id=\"5e0c578\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0c67c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e0c67c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e0c6ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e0c6ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e0c843\" data-id=\"5e0c843\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0c977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e0c977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e0ca23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e0ca23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e0cc55\" data-id=\"5e0cc55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0cdc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e0cdc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e0ce4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e0ce4a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e0cf9f\" data-id=\"5e0cf9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0d0af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e0d0af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e0d14d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e0d14d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e182d3\" data-id=\"5e182d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e184d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e184d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Legal Protection of Indonesia Budget User Authority in Using the State Budget<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Achmad Setyo Pudjoharsoyo   &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 683-686<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e185ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e185ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e18742\" data-id=\"5e18742\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1887e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e1887e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9861\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9862\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9863\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9864\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9865\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9866\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9861\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9861\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">the research stems from the recent prevalence of corruption cases in budgeting that is revealed by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). Many institutions are afraid and reluctant to absorb budget, primarily in the procurement of goods and services. It makes the budget absorption lower because many budget user authorities are afraid to execute the policy. It is not surprising since the consequences of the policy are often biased and mistargeted. The related officials then are frequently dragged to a legal case and even go to jail. The research is a descriptive analysis that used a normative juridical method. The object was approached using a stature approach. The research found that searching for legal protection is searching for regularity in the basic legal values, e.g., usefulness, justice, and certainty of law. The law mission to protect human right and interest have a high authority to define human right that should be regulated and protected<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 683-686\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9862\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9862\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Achmad Setyo Pudjoharsoyo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDoctor of Law Program, Universitas Jayabaya, Jakarta-Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9863\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9863\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">D. Yudanto and N. Dewi, \u201cSinkronisasi Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintah Dengan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidak Korupsi Dalam Penyelesaian Kasus Penyalahgunaan Wewenang Pejabat Pemerintah Di Indonesia,\u201d J. Serambi Huk., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 32\u201345, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tHarun, N. Siswi, and G. Taufani, Hukum Administrasi Negara di Era Citizen Friendly. Surakarta: MuhammadiyahUniversity Press, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tN. Nuswardani, Buku Ajar Pengantar Hukum Administrasi. Surabaya: Scopindo Media Pustaka, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tB. M. Yasser, \u201cPengujian Unsur Penyalahgunaan Wewenang Pada Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Tindak Pidana Korupsi,\u201d Soumatera Law Rev., 2019.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tA. Latif, Hukum Administrasi Dalam Praktik Tindak Pidana Korupsi Edisi 2, 2nd ed. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tP. M. Hadjon, \u201cPeradilan Tata Usaha Negara Dalam Konteks Undang-Undang No. 30 Th. 2014 Tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan,\u201d J. Huk. dan Peradil., 2015.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tA. Putrijanti and L. T. Leonard, \u201cKompetensi Peratun Untuk Memeriksa Unsur Penyalahgunaan Wewenang,\u201d J. IUS Kaji. Huk. dan Keadilan, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tY. Yulius, \u201cPerkembangan Pemikiran dan Pengaturan Penyalahgunaan Wewenang di Indonesia (Tinjauan Singkat dari Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara Pasca Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014,\u201d J. Huk. dan Peradil., 2015.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tE. P. Simanjuntak, \u201cPengujian Ada Tidaknya Penyalahgunaan Wewenang Menurut Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan \/ Examination To Determine The Presence Or Absence Of Abuse Of Authority According To Government Administration Law,\u201d J. Huk. dan Peradil., 2018.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tM. Effendy, Kapita Selekta Hukum Pidana: Perkembangan dan Isu-Isu Aktual dalam Kejahatan Finansial dan Korupsi. Jakarta: Referensi, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tC. S. T. K. C.S.T. Kansil, \u201cPengantar Ilmu Hukum Dan Tata Hukum Indonesia,\u201d Profesional Psychology. 2014.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9864\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9864\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Achmad Setyo Pudjoharsoyo   &#8220;Legal Protection of Indonesia Budget User Authority in Using the State Budget&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.683-686 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/683-686.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9865\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9865\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/683-686.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9866\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9866\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9866\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/legal-protection-of-indonesia-budget-user-authority-in-using-the-state-budget\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Legal Protection of Indonesia Budget User Authority in Using the State Budget<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e196d3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e196d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e197b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e197b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e19934\" data-id=\"5e19934\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e19a61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e19a61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e19ae9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e19ae9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e19c72\" data-id=\"5e19c72\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e19d89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e19d89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e19e17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e19e17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e19f62\" data-id=\"5e19f62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a074 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e1a074\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a0f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e1a0f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a243\" data-id=\"5e1a243\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a347 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e1a347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a3cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e1a3cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a511\" data-id=\"5e1a511\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a61c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e1a61c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a69a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e1a69a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a7de\" data-id=\"5e1a7de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a8e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e1a8e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e1a9a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e1a9a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e1ab30\" data-id=\"5e1ab30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1ac88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e1ac88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Legitimacy of the Policies of Humanitarian Interventions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Vardaan Shekhawat  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 687-691<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e1ad35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e1ad35\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e26780\" data-id=\"5e26780\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e268ff elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e268ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Driven by fundamental national interests hidden under the garb of universal welfare and protection of human rights. Humanitarian Interventions have become one of the biggest sources of tension, contention and dis-harmony in the international arena. This paper therefore, seeks to understand the nuances of mandated and unmadated interventions, dealing with the dilemma of their legitimacy by attempting to realize the trade-off between protecting rights and guaranteeing sovereignty which comes with its own risks when looked at from a realist perspective. Therefore, the paper seeks to clearly define interventions, lay out a historical analysis, put forth legal and institutional contentions vis-a-vis interventions by looking at roles of international bodies in regulating and governing such intervention and thereafter puts forth a conclusive narrative and value-judgement on humanitarian interventions based on the afore mentioned study<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 687-691\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vardaan Shekhawat<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Political Sciences, University of Delhi, Kirori Mal College, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBertschinger, A. (2016). HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION: AN INVIABLE CONCEPT. RESEARCH GATE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.12366.87364<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBinder, M. (2019, May 30). Why Does UN Humanitarian Intervention Remain Selective? Retrieved April 2, 2020, from https:\/\/www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk\/blog\/why-does-un-humanitarian-intervention-remain-selective<br \/>\r\n[3]\tBinder, M. (2015). Paths to intervention. Journal of Peace Research, 52(6), 712\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022343315585847<br \/>\r\n[4]\tChinkin, Kaldor, Christine, Mary. (2018, April 22). The \u2018Doctrine of Humanitarian Intervention\u2019: and how it exposes the absence of any serious intention to help Syrians. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/doctrine-of-humanitarian-intervention-and-how-it-exposes-absence-of-an\/<br \/>\r\n[5]\tDANISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 1999, D. I. O. I. A. 1999. (1999). Humanitarian Intervention Legal and Political Aspects (1999th ed.). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.diis.dk\/files\/media\/publications\/import\/extra\/humanitarian_intervention_1999.pdf<br \/>\r\n[6]\tFalk, R. (2011, August 4). Humanitarian Intervention and its Non-Humanitarian Agenda. Retrieved April 2, 2020, from https:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/qhumanitarianq-intervention\/50591-humanitarian-intervention-and-its-non-humanitarian-agenda.html?itemid=591<br \/>\r\nFrye, A. (2000). Humanitarian Intervention: Crafting a Workable Doctrine: Three Options Presented as Memoranda to the President (Vol. 4). Council on Foreign Relations.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tInternational Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect, International Development Centre, Canada, December 2001, retrieved from: \u2039http:\/\/www.icissciise.gc.ca\/report-e.asp\u203a.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tKolb, R. (2003). Note on humanitarian intervention. International Review of the Red Cross, 85(849),<br \/>\r\n[9]\tR2P &#8211; in detail. (n.d.). Retrieved April 4, 2020, from https:\/\/www.una.org.uk\/r2p-detail<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Vardaan Shekhawat  &#8220;Legitimacy of the Policies of Humanitarian Interventions&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.687-691 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/687-691.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/687-691.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/legitimacy-of-the-policies-of-humanitarian-interventions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Legitimacy of the Policies of Humanitarian Interventions<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2c185 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e2c185\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e2c272 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e2c272\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e2c3fd\" data-id=\"5e2c3fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2c52c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e2c52c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e2c5b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e2c5b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e2c709\" data-id=\"5e2c709\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2c816 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e2c816\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e2c8a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e2c8a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e2c9e9\" data-id=\"5e2c9e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2caff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e2caff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e2cb80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e2cb80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e2ccd1\" data-id=\"5e2ccd1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2cdd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e2cdd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e2ce5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e2ce5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e2cfa6\" data-id=\"5e2cfa6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2d0b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e2d0b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e2d134 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e2d134\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e2d2a8\" data-id=\"5e2d2a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2d3b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e2d3b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e2d453 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e2d453\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e2d5b1\" data-id=\"5e2d5b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2d6df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e2d6df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Association between the Organizational Culture and Employees\u2019 Performance<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>S. Priyadharsan, P.Nithiya &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 692-696<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e2d7e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e2d7e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e2d989\" data-id=\"5e2d989\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e350a0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e350a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Organizational Culture expresses to which extent the members of organization are willing to support each other and also the goals and development of their organization. It has been shown by the organizational psychology to influence important aspect of staff behaviour. Therefore, this study was carried out to measure the association between Organizational culture and Employees\u2019 Performance of Eastern Provincial Council Institutions. For this purpose of measuring five variables of organizational culture are considered such as Employee participation, Job security, Supervision, Work environment and Employee benefits. Hundred sample was selected in the method of systemic random sampling from secondary level employees. And also SPSS package used for analysis purpose. The study found that the discussed in five dimensions mostly indicate moderate organizational culture and staff performance. Therefore, it was known from the conclusion, the result shows that managing and improving the organizational culture could contribute to the performance of staff.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 692-696\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S. Priyadharsan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Business &#038; Management Studies, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>P.Nithiya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Business &#038; Management Studies, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAllaire, Y., and M. E. Firsirotu, M.E. (1984). Theories of organizational culture. Organization Studies 5:193-226.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tDeal, T., &#038; Kennedy, A. A. (1982). Corporate culture: Rites and rituals of organizational life. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tDenison, D. R. (1990). Corporate Culture and Organizational Effectiveness. New York, NY: John Wiley &#038; Sons.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tKotter, J. P. &#038; Heskett, J. L. (1992). Corporate culture and performance. New York: Free Press.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tLundberg, CC (1985), \u2018On the feasibility of cultural intervention in organizations\u2019, organizational Culture, Sage Publications, Beverley Hills.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tMagee, K. C. (2002). The impact of organizational culture on the implementation of performance management. Doctoral dissertation. Available from Dissertations and Theses database (UMI No. 3047909).<br \/>\r\n[7]\tMartin, J. and Siehl, C. (1990). Organizational Culture: A Key to Financial Performance. In B. Schneider (Ed.). Organizational Climate and Culture, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 241\u2013281.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMotowidlo, S. J. &#038; Van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 475\u201080.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tSchein, E. H. (1985) Organizational Culture, American Psychologist, 43 (2), 109-119.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tSilverthorne, C. (2004). The impact of organizational culture and person\u2010organization fit on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in Taiwan. Leadership &#038; Organization Development Journal, 25(7), 592-9.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">S. Priyadharsan, P.Nithiya &#8220;Association between the Organizational Culture and Employees\u2019 Performance&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.692-696 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/692-696.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/692-696.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/association-between-the-organizational-culture-and-employees-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Association between the Organizational Culture and Employees\u2019 Performance<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e35fc1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e35fc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e360ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e360ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e3623c\" data-id=\"5e3623c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e36368 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e36368\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e363eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e363eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e36542\" data-id=\"5e36542\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e36651 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e36651\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e366da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e366da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e36823\" data-id=\"5e36823\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e36935 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e36935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e369b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e369b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e36afe\" data-id=\"5e36afe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e36c03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e36c03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e36c80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e36c80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e36dc4\" data-id=\"5e36dc4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e36ece elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e36ece\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e36f65 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e36f65\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e37101\" data-id=\"5e37101\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e3721d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e3721d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e372ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e372ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e37440\" data-id=\"5e37440\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e3755d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e3755d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Indigenous Settlement Types among the Mbum of the Nkambe, Plateau of Cameroon: Continuity and Change<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Talla Richard Tanto   &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 697-703<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e37623 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e37623\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e377a4\" data-id=\"5e377a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e378f1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e378f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9871\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">One of the many ways in which man has over the years been striving to adapt to his changing natural environment, so as to ensure his continuous survival, has been in the domain of settlement or housing technology. The environmental changes demanded adjustments to man\u2019 s technology associated with his shelter, and as a consequence, a lot as to what concerns the true nature of indigenous settlements have been gradually disappearing with time. This paper therefore, tries to reconstruct, for purposes of posterity, the nature of indigenous types of shelters of the Mbum ethnic group on the Nkambe Plateau of Cameroon. Oral traditions, archaeological ruins found at the archaeological\/historical Mbum site of Mbajeng, and ethnographic research provided the data for the research. It was discovered that the Mbum have three main indigenous types of settlement architecture, most of which have either been modified or become extinct over the years. The first consist of houses constructed with sun-dried blocks and thatched with grass; the second with bamboos, sticks and also thatched with grass, while, the third had circularly arranged stones also thatched with grass. The last two are gradually dying out while the first is being modified with zinc roofs and walls plastered with cement and sand. In the light of these disappearing indigenous housing structures, the paper concludes that Africans should borrow only alien technology, which when blended with local technology, ensures their sustainability and existence as a people.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 697-703\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9872\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Talla Richard Tanto <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of History and Archaeology, The University of Bamenda,   North West Region, Cameroon<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9873\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAndah, B. W. 1982. African Development in Cultural Perspective, Ibadan. Ibadan University Press.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAndah, B.W. and Okpoko A.l 1994 Practicing Archaeology in Africa Ibadan, Wisdom Publishers Ltd: 1-17<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAndah, B.W. and Okpoko A.l 1979 \u201cOral traditions and West Africa culture History\u201d In Perspective on West Africa&#8217;s past West African Journal of Archaeology) WAJA Vol. 9.199-223.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAnderson K.M. 1969 \u201cEthnographic Analogy and Archaeological Interpretation\u201d. Science 63. 133-138.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAscher, R. 1961 &#8220;Analogy and Archaeological Interpretation&#8221; In South-western Journal of Anthropology 17317 -325.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tAjayi, J.F.A and Michael Crowder (ed.) 1979 History of West Africa. Vol. I, London. Longman.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tBulmer, S. 1971 &#8220;Prehistoric settlement patterns and pottery in &#8220;Port Moresby&#8221; In Journal of the Padua and New Guanine society Vol. 5.2.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tCarpenter, W. 1934 &#8220;Intelligence Report on Nsungli Area. Bamenda Division&#8221; File No. Ac 15\/ 1956. National Archives Buea.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tChang, K.C (ed.) 1968 Settlement Archaeology Natural Press Books.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tChilde, V.G 1956 Piecing together the Past. New York.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tFanso V.G. (1989). Cameroon History for Secondary Schools and Colleges.Vol.1From Prehistoric Times to the Nineteenth Century. London: Longman.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tFarrar, V .K. T. \u201cIndigenous building construction in Southern Ghana: some; aspects of Technology and History.\u201d In West African Journal of Archaeology. Vol. 25 153-169.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tFolorunso, C.A. 1993. &#8220;Ethnoarchaeology, its methods and Practice: The Tiv Example.&#8221; In West African Journal of Archaeology. Vol. 23, .92-103.<br \/>\r\n[14]\t______.1983. &#8220;An Ethnoarchaeological study of the Ushongo Prehistoric Settlement.&#8221; Paper presented at the 9th Congress of the PanAfrican Association of Prehistory and related studies Jos, Nigeria.Vol. 11 35-38.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tHawskworth, E.G. 1924 \u201cAssessment Report on Nsungli; Bamenda Division\u201d File No. 1189\/1924 V 0111 National Archives Buea.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tJeffreys, M.D. 1963. The Wiya Tribe Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tNgoh, V.J. 1996 Cameroon since 1800. Limbe, Presbook.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tNkwi, P.N and Wanier, J.P. 1982 Elements for a Historv of the Western Grassfields. Yaounde. Sopecam.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tNoutchachom, C. 1984 R\u00e9pertoire Economique et Industriel de la R\u00e9publique du Cameroun. Yaounde. Sopecam.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tOgundele, S.O. 1989 \u201cSettlement Archaeology in Tivland. A Preliminary Report.\u201d In West African Journal of Archaeology Vol.19 83-92.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tOkpoko, A.l 1979 \u201cSettlement Archaeology in the Anambra River village: A short Note\u201d In West African Journal of Archaeology Vol. 9: 157-162.<br \/>\r\n[22]\t________.1989 \u201cThe use of Ethnography in Archaeological Investigations\u201d (Ethnoarchaeology) In West African Journal of Archaeology Vol. 19: 65-82.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tRenfrew, Colin and Bahn, Paul. 1997. Archaeology: Theories. Methods and Practice (2nd edition), London. Thames and Hudson.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tShaw, T (1979) \u201cThe Prehistory of West Africa\u201d In Ajayi J.F.A et al (eds) History of West Africa Vol.1. London, Longman Press.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tStiles, D. 1977 \u201cEthnoarchaeology: A discussion of Methods and Application\u201d. In MAN 12 (1).<br \/>\r\n[26]\tTalla, R.T. and Nforba, S.Y (2010), \u201cThe Nfu Society of the Wimbum in the Donga Mantung Division, North West Region of Cameroon: Continuity and Change\u201d In Tropical Focus Volume 11 No.1: 112-124<br \/>\r\n[27]\tTalla R.T (2012) \u201cChristianity and Indigenous Religion in the Mbum land of Cameroon: Who owns the Corpse and First Fruits?\u201d In African Journal of Humanities and Society: A Multidisciplinary Journal of Humanities and Society Vol. 13 No.1.161-170.<br \/>\r\n[28]\t&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;1991 \u201cAn Archaeological Contribution to the early settlement History of Mambilla Plateau.\u201d M-SC. dissertation (unpublished) Dept. of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Ibadan.<br \/>\r\n[29]\t________.1997 The Fondom\/Chiefdom Institution of the Bamenda Grassfields of Cameroon In West African Journal of Archaeology (WAJA)Vol. 27 No. (2) 68-80.<br \/>\r\n[30]\tTrigger, B.C. 1968, \u201cThe Determinants of settlement patterns\u201d In Settlement Archaeology (ed.) Chang, K.C. Natural Press Books.<br \/>\r\n[31]\tWilley, S. 1953 \u201cSettlement Archaeology: An Appraisal\u201d In Settlement Archaeology (ed.) Chang, K.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9874\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Talla Richard Tanto   &#8220;Indigenous Settlement Types among the Mbum of the Nkambe, Plateau of Cameroon: Continuity and Change&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.697-703 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/697-703.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9875\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/697-703.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9876\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/indigenous-settlement-types-among-the-mbum-of-the-nkambe-plateau-of-cameroon-continuity-and-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Indigenous Settlement Types among the Mbum of the Nkambe, Plateau of Cameroon: Continuity and Change<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e450e3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e450e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e451e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e451e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e4537d\" data-id=\"5e4537d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e454c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e454c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e45558 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e45558\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e456ae\" data-id=\"5e456ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e457da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e457da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e45868 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e45868\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e459c6\" data-id=\"5e459c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e45ade elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e45ade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e45b6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e45b6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e45cd3\" data-id=\"5e45cd3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e45de6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e45de6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e45e66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e45e66\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e45fc8\" data-id=\"5e45fc8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e460e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e460e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e46160 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e46160\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e4629f\" data-id=\"5e4629f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e463bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e463bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e4645d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e4645d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e465c5\" data-id=\"5e465c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e466e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e466e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teaching Challenging Topics in English Language, Mathematics and Natural Science in Primary School Using Creative Arts Methods<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Betty Essuman, Akosua Tachie-Menson, Harry Barton Essel, Albert Essuman  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 704-713<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e4678e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e4678e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e4692e\" data-id=\"5e4692e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e46a8a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e46a8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9881\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9882\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9883\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9884\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9885\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9886\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9881\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9881\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purpose: The integration of the creative arts into individual subjects in primary school education enhances the teaching of challenging topics in those subjects. However, teachers teach subjects individually without the integration of creatives hindering the understanding of students during lessons. This study focused on the teaching of &#8220;challenging to teach topics&#8221; in three subjects: English Language, Mathematics and Natural Science using creative art methods.<br \/>\r\nDesign\/methodology\/approach: A sample of 261 respondents was purposively selected for the study. The sample involved basic school students from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Primary School. Besides, the study employed interviews and observation to gather qualitative data.<br \/>\r\nFindings: The study found that the teachers used textual materials without interactive activities during teaching. Also, the teachers employed the lecture method of teaching topics which made it difficult for students to understand the lessons. The introduction of creative arts to teach the &#8220;Challenging to teach topics&#8221; positively influenced class participation and engagement and subsequently, the academic performance of the students. The study recommended that the teachers should adopt child-centred teaching strategies such as hands-on activities and the use of visual aids to cater to students with different learning abilities. Finally, the School should organise professional development programmes for primary school teachers on the integration of creative arts to teach the &#8220;challenging to teach topics&#8221;.<br \/>\r\nOriginality\/value: To the authors&#8217; knowledge, no study has been conducted to examine the teaching of English Language, Mathematics and Science with creative arts methods, especially using teacher-and-student made illustrations in Ghana. Therefore, this study explores the use of creative arts to enhance the teaching of challenging topics in English Language, Mathematics and Natural Sciences in a selected basic school in Ghana.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 704-713\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9882\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9882\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Betty Essuman<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nKNUST Basic School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akosua Tachie-Menson<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEducational Innovations in Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Harry Barton Essel<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Art, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Albert Essuman<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Art, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9883\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9883\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdu-Agyem, J., &#038; Osei-Poku, P., 2012. 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E., 2013. Rhetorical reading as a gateway to disciplinary literacy. Journal of Adolescent &#038; Adult Literacy, 56(5), 391-399.<br \/>\r\n[89]\tWolff, L., Schiefelbein, E. &#038; Valenzuela, J., 1994. Improving the quality of primary education in Latin America and the Caribbean: Toward the 21st century (Vol. 257). World Bank Publications.<br \/>\r\n[90]\tWright, A., 2001. Art and crafts with children. Oxford University Press. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9884\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9884\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Betty Essuman, Akosua Tachie-Menson, Harry Barton Essel, Albert Essuman  &#8220;Teaching Challenging Topics in English Language, Mathematics and Natural Science in Primary School Using Creative Arts Methods&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.704-713 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/704-713.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9885\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9885\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9885\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/704-713.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9886\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9886\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9886\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teaching-challenging-topics-in-english-language-mathematics-and-natural-science-in-primary-school-using-creative-arts-methods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Teaching Challenging Topics in English Language, Mathematics and Natural Science in Primary School Using Creative Arts Methods<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e4ebaa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e4ebaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e4ec92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e4ec92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e4ee29\" data-id=\"5e4ee29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e4ef67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e4ef67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e4eff2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e4eff2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e4f16f\" data-id=\"5e4f16f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e4f283 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e4f283\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e4f306 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e4f306\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e4f468\" data-id=\"5e4f468\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5460e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e5460e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e546f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e546f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e548a7\" data-id=\"5e548a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e549dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e549dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e54a69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e54a69\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e54bcc\" data-id=\"5e54bcc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e54cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e54cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e54d61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e54d61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e54ea9\" data-id=\"5e54ea9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e54fb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e54fb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e55058 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e55058\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e551cf\" data-id=\"5e551cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e55314 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e55314\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Exploring Right to Reparation of Indigenous Peoples: A Comparative Study between Land Claims in USA and International Perspectives<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Rakiba Nabi &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 714-730<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e553bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e553bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e55522\" data-id=\"5e55522\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e55664 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e55664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9891\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9892\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9893\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9894\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9895\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9896\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9891\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The centuries-long Native American\u2019s history of forced dispossession, relocation, land-grabbing poses significant challenges to their property rights even at present.  Beginning from the 15th century to the present, the journey of land-theft and forced dispossession of native Americans continued and colonial governments legalized the loss of land via the doctrine of discovery, conquest, terra nullius, and congressional plenary power.  The Native American communities still encounter the infringements of their most basic land rights with which native people have extraordinary, unique relationship.  Tribal peoples\u2019 close ties with land such as the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe determines their ways of life, reflects their culture, values, spirituality and physical existence. Dispossession is destructive not only to their physical structures, but also it damages their mental stability, belief, religious sentiment and after all their physical as well as spiritual world.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 714-730\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9892\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rakiba Nabi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Chittagong, Bangladesh<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9893\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">References are not available.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9894\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rakiba Nabi &#8220;Exploring Right to Reparation of Indigenous Peoples: A Comparative Study between Land Claims in USA and International Perspectives&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.714-730 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/714-730.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9895\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/714-730.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9896\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/exploring-right-to-reparation-of-indigenous-peoples-a-comparative-study-between-land-claims-in-usa-and-international-perspectives\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Exploring Right to Reparation of Indigenous Peoples: A Comparative Study between Land Claims in USA and International Perspectives<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e564c0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e564c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e565b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e565b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e580db\" data-id=\"5e580db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e58263 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e58263\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5831c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5831c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e584ac\" data-id=\"5e584ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e585d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e585d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e58668 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e58668\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e587c1\" data-id=\"5e587c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e588d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e588d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e58957 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e58957\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e58abc\" data-id=\"5e58abc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e58bd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e58bd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e58c58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e58c58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e58db8\" data-id=\"5e58db8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e58ecc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e58ecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e58f4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e58f4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e590ac\" data-id=\"5e590ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e591c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e591c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e59267 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e59267\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e593e1\" data-id=\"5e593e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e594f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e594f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Inclusive Education in Ho Ghana Is It A Reality or Mirage to Persons Living with Autism Spectrum Disorders?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Samuel Senyo Dogoe, Eunice Awoenam Dogoe, Christina Christodoulou  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 731-736<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5959e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5959e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5971c\" data-id=\"5e5971c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5986c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e5986c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9891\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9892\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9893\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9894\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9895\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9896\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9891\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">As Ghana ratifies the inclusive educational policy, persons living with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) still struggle to have place in the formal educational mainstream setting in Ho, Ghana part of one of the regions in the country-Ghana<br \/>\r\nThe Ghanaian Inclusive Education (IE) Policy document also talks about Universal Design for Learning (UDL). This seeks to promote conducive school environment that promotes quality education for all learners, in an inclusive educational settings. For the purpose of this write \u2013up, Inclusive education is making education accessible to all learners by adapting the school curriculum to meet differing needs of all learners no matter their origin, creed sex, and disability and ethnic background. Also making the school environment and infracture friendly to support teaching and learning of all learners.<br \/>\r\nThis research is a case study which is used to find out how meaningful persons or children living with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are included in inclusive schools in Ho, Ghana. The researchers also seek to find out the knowledge base of teachers or facilitators about ASD who facilitates teaching and learning in their various schools in Ho Ghana.<br \/>\r\nInclusive Education IE policy document of Ghana was looked at, documents, books and articles related to this topic were reviewed as well.<br \/>\r\nPseudonym will be used to represent real name- because of ethical issues regarding writing of research papers. The story of the boy- Ris is contrary to the IE policy as he struggles to find a school that supports his educational needs. This story of Ris has become so pivotal to this research and forms part of the case study for this write up.<br \/>\r\nThe work is organized under various themes and explained under these thematic areas. Tables are used to show respondents and the various categories under which they fall.  The responses of the respondents were also analyzed according to the various responses given and analyzed according to the understanding of the researchers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 731-736\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9892\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel Senyo Dogoe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n(Postgraduate degree in Autism: SpED), University of Birmingham- Past Student (England UK)<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eunice Awoenam Dogoe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n(MPhil: SpED), St. Teresa\u2019s College of Education-Tutor, Ghana<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Christina Christodoulou<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n(MEd: Inclusion and Special Educational Needs), Past Student University of Birmingham England UK<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9893\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAddo,S.(GNA)https:\/\/www.google.com.gh\/search?newwindow=1&#038;site=&#038;source=hp&#038;q=launching+of+inclusive+education+in+Ghana&#038;oq=launching+of+inclusive+education+in+Ghana&#038;gs_l=hp.3&#8230;5183.49783.0.52706.51.47.1.3.3.0.1770.12044.2-33j1j1j1j0j1j1.38.0&#8230;.0&#8230;1c.1.64.hp..9.25.8640&#8230;0j0i131j0i3j0i22i30j0i22i10i30j33i21.yohjgcVXHTU [Accessed on 27th February 2019]<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAnthony, J. H. (2010) Access to Education for students with Autism in Ghana: Implication for EFA. Paper commission for EFA Global Monitoring Report 2010 Reaching the Marginalised.  http:http:ddp-ext.worldbank.org%2Fedstats%2Fghagmrpap09.pdf [accessed on 27th February 2019]<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAvoke, M. A. (2005). Rudiment of special education: Disabilities and the beliefs system in Ghana. Winneba: Special Educational Books<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAvoke, M., (2005) Inclusive Education for Persons with Disabilities: African Journal of Special Educational Needs, 4, 1-5.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tBryman, A. and Bell, E. (2003) Business research methods. Oxford: oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tDenscombe, M. (2003) The good research guide for small-scale social research projects. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tDisabilityAct715, 2006 https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=Disability+Act+715%2C+2006&#038;oq=Disability+Act+715%2C+2006&#038;aqs=chrome..69i57.6921j0j8&#038;sourceid=chrome&#038;ie=UTF-8 [Accessed on 2nd September 2019]<br \/>\r\n[8]\tEducationforAll in Jomtien https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=education+for+all+jomtien+1990&#038;oq=education+all+Jotien&#038;aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0l2.40787j0j7&#038;sourceid=chrome&#038;ie=UTF-8<br \/>\r\n[9]\tFerguson, D. L. (1998). Educating exceptional children (10th ed.). In K. L. Freiberg (Ed.) (p.p. 84-87). U.S. A: Dushkin\/McGraw-Hill<br \/>\r\n[10]\tGhana Federation of the Disabled, Disability Situation in Ghana. http:\/\/www.gfdgh.org\/disability%20situation%20in%20ghana.html [Accessed on 27 February 2019]<br \/>\r\n[11]\tGillham, B. (2000) The research interview. London: Continuum.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tGovernment of Ghana Inclusive Education Policy, (2015) Ministry of Education: Ghana Education Service Accra.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tGovernment of Ghana Inclusive Education Policy: Ministry of Education, (2016).<br \/>\r\n[14]\tInclusive Education Policy, Ministry of Education, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tIovannone, R., Dunlap, G., Huber, H. &#038; Kincaid, D., (2003), Effective Educational Practice for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 18, 3, 150-65.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tJohnson, B. and Christensen, B.L. (2008) Educational Research: quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches. 3rd ed. London: SAGE.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tJoy news http:\/\/opinion.myjoyonline.com\/pages\/features\/201304\/105206.php [accessed on 27th February, 2019]<br \/>\r\n[18]\tMamah, V. (2006) Making inclusion a reality in Ghana: The role of University of education Winneba. African Journal of Special Educational Needs, 4: 2, 299- 304<br \/>\r\n[19]\tMcMillan, H.J. and Schumacher, S. (1989) Research in education: a conceptual introduction. 2nd ed. Glenview, III. ; London: Scott, Foresman.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tMinistry of Employment and Social Welfare 2000.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tOppong, M. A (2003) Understanding and effectively educating the special needs student, Accra: Salt and Light Company.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tOsarenren, N. (2006). Inclusion, teacher preparation and implication for counseling. African journal of special educational needs, 4(3), 427-433<br \/>\r\n[23]\tPunch, K. (1998) Introduction to social research: quantitative and qualitative approaches. London: SAGE.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tUN: Secretary General Message on World Autism Awareness Day (April 2, 2014) http:\/\/www.un.org\/sg\/STATEMENTS\/index.asp?nid=7559 [Accessed on 27 February 2019]<br \/>\r\n[25]\tUNESCO (2009), Policy guidelines on inclusion in education. Paris: UNESCO.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tUNESCO (United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (2000).The Dakar Framework for Action, DFAQ. Paris: UNESCO.<br \/>\r\n[27]\tUNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) (1990). Education for All. Background Documents. Dakar Framework for Action<br \/>\r\n[28]\tUnited Nations (1993). The Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons With Disabilities. New York: United<br \/>\r\n[29]\tWalsch, F. (1996) Special Section. Family Resilience: A Concept and its Applications. The Concept of Family Resilience: Crisis and Challenge. Family Process, 35: 1-14<br \/>\r\n[30]\tWing, L., Gould, J., Gillberg, C. (2011) Research in Developmental Disabilities, Autism spectrum in the DSM-V:BetterorWorsethantheDSM-IV?32:pp.768-773.Onlineat: http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0891422210002647 [Accessed on 27th February 2019]<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9894\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Samuel Senyo Dogoe, Eunice Awoenam Dogoe, Christina Christodoulou  &#8220;Inclusive Education in Ho Ghana Is It A Reality or Mirage to Persons Living with Autism Spectrum Disorders?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.731-736 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/731-736.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9895\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/731-736.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9896\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/inclusive-education-in-ho-ghana-is-it-a-reality-or-mirage-to-persons-living-with-autism-spectrum-disorders\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inclusive Education in Ho Ghana Is It A Reality or Mirage to Persons Living with Autism Spectrum Disorders?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5a6e8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e5a6e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5a7d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5a7d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5d6da\" data-id=\"5e5d6da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5d874 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e5d874\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5d919 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5d919\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5daa2\" data-id=\"5e5daa2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5dbc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e5dbc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5dc4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5dc4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5ddb3\" data-id=\"5e5ddb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5deca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e5deca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5df53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5df53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e0aa\" data-id=\"5e5e0aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e1c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e5e1c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e24a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5e24a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e39e\" data-id=\"5e5e39e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e4a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e5e4a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e527 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5e527\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e67b\" data-id=\"5e5e67b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e5e791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e832 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5e832\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e9ad\" data-id=\"5e5e9ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5eabd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e5eabd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Linguistic Study of the Contemporary Context of <i>Vedda<\/i> Language with Special Reference to Dambana, Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. R.A.D. Priyanka Weerasekara   &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 737-741<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5eb64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5eb64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5ecc8\" data-id=\"5e5ecc8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5edfe elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e5edfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9891\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9892\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9893\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9894\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9895\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9896\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9891\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The intent of this research is to examine the contemporary context of Vedda Language from the linguistic point of view, based on their overall socio-cultural background. The most popularly accepted theory on Vedda Language is a regional dialect of the Sinhala Language or a Creole and that there is no separate Vedda Language. Due to inadequate data of the original Vedda Language, it is difficult to identify the proper linguistic context of the early stage of Vedda Language. However the existing linguistic features of Vedda prove that the original Vedda Language is a simple hunting language. The findings of the research show the present day Vedda has borrowed not only lexical stocks  but also sounds, grammar, and meaning from dominant languages, significantly from colloquial Sinhalese. These linguistic results of language contact induce it has become an extreme language mixture and the current situation of Vedda language is severely endangered. This research is based on Qualitative Empirical Research Methodology and the Participant Observation Method based on Case Study has been used for data elicitation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 737-741\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9892\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. R.A.D. Priyanka Weerasekara <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Languages, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9893\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">BOOKS<br \/>\r\n[1]\tAbbi, Anvita. (2001). A manual of Linguistic Fieldwork and Structures of Indian Languages.   Lincom Europa.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tDeraniyagala, S.U. (1992). The Prehistory of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Department  of Archeological Survey.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tDe Silva, Sugathapala, M.W. (1964). DambaneVedi Basa. Sarasavi  Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tDe Silva, Suathapala, M. W. (1972). Vedda Langauge of Ceylon: Text and Lexicon. Munchen, Kitzinger &#038; Co.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tGeiger, Wilhelm (Translation). (1950). The Mahavamsa. Dept. of  Information, Colombo.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tSeligmann, C. G., Seligmann, B.S. (1911). The Veddas. Cambridge University Press, London.<\/p>\r\n<p>JOURNALS, ARTICLES<\/p>\r\n<p>[7]\tDeraniyagala, S.U. (1972). Ancient Ceylon. Journal of the archaeological survey Department of Ceylon, The Commissioner of Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, Colombo 7.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tDeraniyagala, S.U. and Kennedy K.A.R. (1972). Bellanbedi Palassa 1970: A Mesolithik Burial Site in Ceylon. Journal of the Archaeological Survey Depertment of Ceylon, The Commissioner of Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, Colombo 7.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tDeraniyagala, S.U. (1996). Pre and Protohistiric Settlements in Sri Lanka.The Prehistory of Asian and Oceania, Vollime 5\/ Section 16, A.B.A.C.O. s.r.l, Forli, Ital.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tDharmadasa, K.N.O. (1974). The creolization of an Aboriginal Language: The Case of Vedda in Sri Lanka. Anthropological Linguisics, Vol.xvi, No.2., Uiversity of  Sri Lanka.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tDharmadasa, K.N.O. (1999). The Veddas\u2019 Struggle for survival: Problems, Policies and Responses. The Vanishing Aborigines: Sri Lanka\u2019s Veddas in Transition, ICES Sri Lanka Studies Series:2, International Center for Ethnic Studies, Vikas Publishing houses Pvt Ltd, New Delhi<\/p>\r\n<p>DICTIONARIES<\/p>\r\n<p>[12]\tSorata Thero, Weliwitiya. (1956). Sri Sumangala Sabdakoshaya, Colombo Annual Press.<\/p>\r\n<p>WEBSITES<\/p>\r\n<p>[13]\tAbbi, Anvita. (2006). VOGA, Vanishing Voice of the Great Andamanese. [online] Available at: http:\/\/www.andamanese.net [Accessed 03 March 2013].<br \/>\r\n[14]\tDisappearing Language. (2011). Living tongues Institute for Endangered Languages [online] Available at: travel.nationalgeograpic.com\/ travel\/enduring-voice<br \/>\r\n[15]\tInternational Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences [Online] Available at :http:\/\/www.lankalibrary.com\/geo\/dera1.html [Accessed 09 August2008]<br \/>\r\n[16]\tObeyesekara, Gananath . Colonial Histories and Vedda Primitivism.  [online] Available at: http:\/\/www.vedda.org\/vanniyalaeto.html<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9894\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. R.A.D. Priyanka Weerasekara   &#8220;The Linguistic Study of the Contemporary Context of <i>Vedda<\/i> Language with Special Reference to Dambana, Sri Lanka&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.737-741 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/737-741.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9895\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/737-741.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9896\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-linguistic-study-of-the-contemporary-context-of-vedda-language-with-special-reference-to-dambana-sri-lanka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Linguistic Study of the Contemporary Context of <i>Vedda<\/i> Language with Special Reference to Dambana, Sri Lanka<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5fc76 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e5fc76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5fd66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5fd66\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e5fef8\" data-id=\"5e5fef8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e60023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e60023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e600a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e600a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e60202\" data-id=\"5e60202\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e6031c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e6031c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e6039c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e6039c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e604ef\" data-id=\"5e604ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e605fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e605fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e6067e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e6067e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e6287b\" data-id=\"5e6287b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e62a06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e62a06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e62aaa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e62aaa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e62c1e\" data-id=\"5e62c1e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e62d31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e62d31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e62dd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e62dd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e62f2b\" data-id=\"5e62f2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e6303f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e6303f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e630e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e630e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e63253\" data-id=\"5e63253\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e6336a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e6336a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Judicial Oversight in Indonesia &#038; Constraints Hampering Its Implementation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Fatahillah Abdul Syukur, PhD.   &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 742-745<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e63420 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e63420\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e635c7\" data-id=\"5e635c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e636fc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e636fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9891\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9892\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9893\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9894\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9895\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9896\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9891\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper analyses constraints hampering judicial oversight implementation in Indonesian courts. The author highlights some major problems faced by the Indonesian judiciary to implement supervision towards judges and court personnel when conducting their duties. The author examines external and internal mechanisms toward the Indonesian judicial system, including some recommendation to improve the implementation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 742-745\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9892\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fatahillah Abdul Syukur, PhD. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Law, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, Jakarta, 12630, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9893\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdul Syukur, F. (2013) Court-Annexed Mediation for Settling Family Disputes in Indonesia, PhD thesis, School of Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tDean, G. (2000) Doing Business in Indonesia, available at http:\/\/okusi.net\/garydean\/works\/bizindo.html (accessed 5 September 2010).<br \/>\r\n[3]\tCrouch, H. (2004) \u2018Political Transition and Communal Violence, In Searching for Peace in Asia Pacific (Heijmans, S. v. d. V., Ed.), pp 53-72, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tRais, A. (2008) Agenda Mendesak Bangsa: Selamatkan Indonesia (The Nation&#8217;s Urgent Agenda: Save Indonesia), 3rd ed., PPSK Press, Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tLindsey, T. (2000) Black Letter, Black Market and Bad Faith: Corruption and The Failure of Law Reform, In Indonesia in Transition: Social Aspects of Reformasi and Crisis (Manning, C., and van Dierman, P., Eds.), pp 278-292, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tBarnes, B., and Abdul Syukur, F. (2009) Mediating Contemporary, Severe Multicultural and Religious Conflicts in Indonesia, The Philippines and Thailand, In Mediation in The Asia-Pacific Region: Transforming Conflicts and Building Peace (Bagshaw, D., and Porter, E., Eds.), pp 198-213, Routledge, New York.<br \/>\r\n[7]\t Butt, S. (2008) Surat Sakti: The Decline of The Authority of Judicial Decisions in Indonesia, In Indonesia: Law and Society (Lindsey, T., Ed.) 2nd ed., pp 346-362, The Federation Press, NSW.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tBudiardjo, A., Nugroho, and Reksodiputro (1997) Law Reform in Indonesia: Diagnostic Assessment of Legal Development in Indonesia, Cyberconsult, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tSunarto (2014) Peran Aktif Hakim Dalam Perkara Perdata, Prenadamedia Group, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tSoetjipto, A. (2000) Legal Reform and Challenges in Indonesia, In Indonesia in Transition: Social Aspects of Reformasi and Crisis (Manning, C., and van Diermen, P., Eds.), Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tJuwana, H. (2003) Dispute Resolution Process in Indonesia, IDE Asian Law Series.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tKatjasungkana, N. (2000) Exchanging Power or Changing Power?: The Problem of Creating Democratic Institutions, In Indonesia in Transition: Social Aspects of Reformasi and Crisis (Manning, C., and Diermen, P. v., Eds.), pp 259-268, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tPuslitbang Hukum dan Peradilan. (2003) Naskah Akademik mengenai Court Dispute Resolution (Academic Draft on Court Dispute Resolution), Mahkamah Agung RI.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tLindsey, T., and Santosa, M. A. (2008) The trajectory of law reform in Indonesia: A short overview of legal systems and change in Indonesia, In Indonesia Law and Society (Lindsey, T., Ed.) 2nd ed., pp 2-22, The Federation Press, Sydney.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tAbdul Syukur, F., and Bagshaw, D. (2013) Court-Annexed Mediation in Indonesia: Does Culture Matter?, Conflict Resolution Quarterly.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tTumpa, H. A. (2016) Komisi Yudisial dalam Perspektif Hakim, In Optimalisasi Wewenang Komisi Yudisial dalam Mewujudkan Hakim Berintegritas, pp 212-229, Sekretariat Jenderal Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tSaleh, I. A. (2014) Konsep Pengawasan Kehakiman: Upaya Memperkuat Kewenangan Konstitusional Komisi Yudisial dalam Pengawasan Peradilan, Setara Press, Malang.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tAbdul Syukur, F. (2008) Constraints Hampering The Implementation of Indonesian Court-Annexed Mediation and Some Proposed Solutions, In 4th Asia Pacific Mediation Forum Conference, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tAbdul Syukur, F., and Bagshaw, D. (2013) Judicial Mediation in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities, Australasian Dispute Resolution Journal.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tAbdul Syukur, F. (2012) Mediasi Yudisial di Indonesia: Peluang dan Tantangan dalam Memajukan Sistem Peradilan di Indonesia CV. Mandar Maju, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tAbdul Syukur, F. (2011) Behind Closed Doors: Family Dispute Settlement in Court-Annexed Mediation in Indonesia, In Contribution Matters 2: Insights of Indonesian Students in Australia (PPIA, Ed.), PPIA, Sydney.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tAbdul Syukur, F., and Bagshaw, D. (2018) Indonesia: The Role of the Traditional, Indigenous Musyawarah Mufakat Process of Mediation, In Conflict Resolution in Asia. Mediation and Other Cultural Models. (Stobbe, S. P., Ed.), pp 13-34, Lexington Books, New York,.<br \/>\r\n[23]\t Abdul Syukur, F. (2009) Community Mediation Training in Bali and Papua: Access to Justice in Indonesia, In Asian Mediation Association Conference, Singapore.<br \/>\r\n[24]\t Dewi, D. S., and Abdul Syukur, F. (2011) Mediasi Penal: Penerapan Restorative Justice di Pengadilan Anak Indonesia (Penal Mediation: The Implementation of Restorative Justice with Youth Offenders in Indonesia), Indie Publishing, Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tAbdul Syukur, F., and Bagshaw, D. (2015) Victim-Offender Mediation for Youth Offenders in Indonesia, Conflict Resolution Quarterly 32.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tBazemore, G., and Schiff, M. (2005) Juvenile Justice Reform and Restorative Justice: Building Theory and Policy from Practice, Willan Publishing, Oregon.<br \/>\r\n[27]\t Pavlich, G. (2002) Towards An Ethics of Restorative Justice, In Restorative Justice and The Law (Walgrave, L., Ed.), Willan Publishing, Oregon.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tAbdul Syukur, F., and Bagshaw, D. (2020) Power, Gender, and Court-Annexed Mediation in Indonesia, Conflict Resolution Quarterly 37.<br \/>\r\n[29]\t Abdul Syukur, F. (2011) Mediasi Perkara KDRT (Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga) Teori dan Praktek di Pengadilan Indonesia (Court-Annexed Mediation for Settling Domestic Violence in Indonesia: Theory and Practice) CV. Mandar Maju, Bandung<br \/>\r\n[30]\tAbdul Syukur, F., and Bagshaw, D. (2013) &#8220;When Home is No Longer Sweet&#8221;: Family Violence and Court-Annexed Mediation in Indonesia, Conflict Resolution Quarterly.<br \/>\r\n[31]\t Abdul Syukur, F. (2020) Self-Relexivity: A Must-Have Guide for Judicial Mediators in Indonesia, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 4.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9894\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Fatahillah Abdul Syukur, PhD.   &#8220;Judicial Oversight in Indonesia &#038; Constraints Hampering Its Implementation&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.742-745 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/742-745.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9895\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/742-745.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9896\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/judicial-oversight-in-indonesia-constraints-hampering-its-implementation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Judicial Oversight in Indonesia &#038; Constraints Hampering Its Implementation<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e64568 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e64568\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e64657 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e64657\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e647e3\" data-id=\"5e647e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e6493c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e6493c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e649d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e649d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e64b3c\" data-id=\"5e64b3c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e64c4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e64c4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e64cd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e64cd1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e64e28\" data-id=\"5e64e28\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e64f35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e64f35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e64fb5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e64fb5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e650fd\" data-id=\"5e650fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e6520a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e6520a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e65289 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e65289\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e653d1\" data-id=\"5e653d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e654f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e654f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e6556e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e6556e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e656ba\" data-id=\"5e656ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e657bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e657bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e65857 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e65857\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e668e8\" data-id=\"5e668e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e66a4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e66a4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of Return and Trust on Society Interest in Saving at BMT El Ihsan Bandungbaru<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Yunita Sastrawati, Pargito, Pujiati  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 746-748<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e66b08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e66b08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e66c82\" data-id=\"5e66c82\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e66daa elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e66daa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9891\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9892\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9893\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9894\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9895\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9896\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9891\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9891\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research aims to examine the influence of return rate and trust on society interest in saving at BMT El Ikhsan Bandungbaru. There was a partial influence between return systems on interest in saving at BMT El Ihsan Bandungbaru. Referring to the T-test output, it could be seen that the significance value of the variable X1 to Y was 0.000 < 0.05 and the value of tcount was 7.459 > ttable was 1.663, with the magnitude of the determination coefficient indicating that 0.404 or 40.4% where X1 influence Y by 40.4 %. There was a partial influence between trust on interest in saving at BMT El Ihsan Bandungbaru. Referring to the T-test output, it could be seen that the significance value of the variable X2 to Y was 0.000 < 0.05 and the tcount value was 4.552 > ttable was 1.663, with the magnitude of the determination coefficient indicating that 0.202 or 20.2% where X2 influence Y by 20.2 %. There was a simultaneous influence between return system and trust on the interest in saving at BMT El Ihsan Bandung Baru. Referring to the F-test output, it could be seen that the significance value for the influence of X1 and X2 simultaneously on Y was 0.000 < 0.05 and the Fcount value was 42.351> Ftable 3.96, with the magnitude of R2 indicating that 0.511 or 51.1% where X1 and X2 influence Y by 51.1%. Based on these studies, it was known that the level of return and trust had a positive influence on society interest in saving at BMT El Ihsan Bandung baru.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 746-748\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9892\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9892\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yunita Sastrawati<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pargito<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pujiati<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9893\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9893\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAhmad, Komarudin. 1996. Dasar-dasar Manajemen Investasi. Rineka Cipta: Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tArief, Sritua. 1996.  Teori Ekonomi Mikro dan Makro Lanjutan.  Raja Grafindo  Persada : Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tManurung, Adler Haymans. 2013. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan: Pelindung Investor.  PT. Adler Manurung Press: Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tSugiyono. 2001. Metode Penelitian. Bandung: Alfabeta.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tSusilo, Sri,et. Al. 2000. Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan Lain. Salemba Empat: Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tUntung, Budi. 2011.  Buku Cerdas Investasi.  Penerbit Andi: Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tYuliadi, Imamudin. 2001. Ekonomi Islam. LPPI: Yogyakarta<br \/>\r\n.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9894\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9894\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Yunita Sastrawati, Pargito, Pujiati  &#8220;The Influence of Return and Trust on Society Interest in Saving at BMT El Ihsan Bandungbaru&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.746-748 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/746-748.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9895\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9895\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/746-748.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9896\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9896\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-return-and-trust-on-society-interest-in-saving-at-bmt-el-ihsan-bandungbaru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Influence of Return and Trust on Society Interest in Saving at BMT El Ihsan Bandungbaru<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e67c22 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e67c22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e67d0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e67d0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e67e95\" data-id=\"5e67e95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e67fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e67fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e68054 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e68054\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e681b2\" data-id=\"5e681b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e682c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e682c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e68348 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e68348\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e68498\" data-id=\"5e68498\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e685ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e685ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e68631 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e68631\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e687c9\" data-id=\"5e687c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e688eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e688eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e68979 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e68979\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e68ac3\" data-id=\"5e68ac3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e68bd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e68bd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e68c58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e68c58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e68da1\" data-id=\"5e68da1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e68eab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e68eab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e70c8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e70c8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e70edc\" data-id=\"5e70edc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7102f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7102f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Investigation Strategies used by EACC in Corruption Eradication among Traffic Police Service in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Nicholas Mwaura Muiruri, Dr. Dennis Nyongesa Wamalwa, PhD &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 749-754<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e710eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e710eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e71271\" data-id=\"5e71271\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e713aa elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e713aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9901\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9902\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9903\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9904\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9905\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9906\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9901\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study focused on investigation strategies used by Ethics and Anti-corruption Commission in corruption eradication among traffic police service in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study used mixed methodology approach by adopting descriptive research design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. The study target respondents were 710 officers working at Ethics and Anticorruption headquarters and Traffic Police headquarters in Nairobi County. Stratified random sampling was employed in selection of respondents obtained by 30% size calculation of the target population. The main research instrument used was questionnaire for data collection of the sample size of 213 respondents. Findings from this study were envisioned to inform policy and practice in efforts to combat corruption among the traffic police officers in Kenya. Major findings on investigatory strategies include; Public prosecutors identify particular cases and conduct their own criminal investigation, Community policing (the public or rather passengers) rely information about corrupt traffic officers through capacity building, Establishment of robust external supervision and accountability through dissemination of information on corruption matters and their control and relying on civil society.  The study recommended that government to give the commission necessary support in battle corruption and also increase human capacity to ensure smooth sailing of their fight against corruption among traffic police department.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 749-754\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9902\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nicholas Mwaura Muiruri<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMA Candidate, in Security Studies and Criminology, Mount Kenya University<br \/>\r\nBA in Economics , Kenyatta University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Dennis Nyongesa Wamalwa, PhD<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer \/ Consultant; Ph.D., Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya, MA Counselling Studies, University of Manchester UK. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9903\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBruce, D, Newham, G and Masuku, T. (2007). In service of the people\u2019s democracy: an assessment of the South African Police Service. Research report written for the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation in association with the Open Society Foundation for South Africa, May.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tDelaney, X. P. (2005). Transnational Corruption Regulation across Borders, Policy and Governance. Australian National University.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tEthics and Anti-Corruption Commission (2013). Annual Report 2012\u20132013. Nairobi : EACC. p. 15.Availablehttp:\/\/www.eacc.go.ke\/docs\/2012%20%202013%20Annual%20Report%20Final.pdf<br \/>\r\n[4]\tHaberfeld, M. R., C.B. Klockars, S. KutnjakIvkovich and M. Pagon. (2000). Police officer\u2019s perception of the disciplinary consequences of police corruption in Croatia, Poland, Slovenia and the United States. Journal of Police Practice and Research, 1(1), pp. 34-51, 2000.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tHabib, M., Maryam, H., &#038; Pathik, B. B. (2014). Research Methodology &#8212; Contemporary Practices: Guidelines for Academic Researchers. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tKlockars, C.B., S. KutnjakIvkovich, W.E. Harver and M.R. Haberfeld. (2007). The Measurement of Police Integrity: Executive Summary. Research Report to NIJ.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tKothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limited Publishers<br \/>\r\n[8]\tLangseth, P. (2002). Judicial Integrity and its Capacity to Enhance the Public Interest. Global Programme against Corruption Conferences. United Nations Office Drugs and Crime, Vienna.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMugenda, O. M., &#038;Mugenda, A. G. (2009). Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tNyamu, R. (2012). An Overview of Fraud and Money Laundering in the East Africa Financial Services Industry. Deloitte Forensic.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tOnyeozili, E. (2010). Obstacles to Effective Policing in Nigeria. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, Vol.1 No.1: April, 2005, p. 41 \u201342.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tTashakkori. A., &#038; Teddlie, C. (2009). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social \tand behavioural science. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tUnited Nations. (2013). Country Corruption Assessment Report South Africa, (2003) Department of Public Service and Administration. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Regional Office for Southern Africa.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9904\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nicholas Mwaura Muiruri, Dr. Dennis Nyongesa Wamalwa, PhD &#8220;Investigation Strategies used by EACC in Corruption Eradication among Traffic Police Service in Nairobi County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.749-754 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/749-754.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9905\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/749-754.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9906\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/investigation-strategies-used-by-eacc-in-corruption-eradication-among-traffic-police-service-in-nairobi-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Investigation Strategies used by EACC in Corruption Eradication among Traffic Police Service in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e721be elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e721be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e722ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e722ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e72437\" data-id=\"5e72437\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7255c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7255c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e7263b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e7263b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e72837\" data-id=\"5e72837\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7297e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7297e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e72a2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e72a2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e72bd2\" data-id=\"5e72bd2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e72d17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e72d17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e72db4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e72db4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e72f36\" data-id=\"5e72f36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e73070 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e73070\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e73117 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e73117\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e732a8\" data-id=\"5e732a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e733fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e733fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e73490 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e73490\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e73623\" data-id=\"5e73623\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7393e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7393e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e73a5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e73a5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e73c68\" data-id=\"5e73c68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e73dd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e73dd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Marxist Humanism and Gender Equity in Ngugi WA Thiong\u2019o\u2019s <i>Petals of Blood<\/i> and Osi Ogbu\u2019s <i>The Moon Also Sets<\/i><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Elizabeth Nasipwoni Wekesa, Dr. Felix Orina, Dr. Joseph Musungu   &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 755-762<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e73e98 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e73e98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e74038\" data-id=\"5e74038\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e74194 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e74194\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9901\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9902\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9903\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9904\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9905\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9906\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9901\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this paper is to explore Ngugi wa Thiong\u2019o\u2019s and Osi Ogbu\u2019s stance on gender. Against the backdrop of patriarchy in both Western and African societies, there has been an intense debate with regards to resolving gender inequality without reaching consensus since most of the existing feminist views have proved controversial and divisive. This paper is a continuation of this debate and specifically focuses on two African male postcolonial feminist artists whose humanist and afroeuropean approaches seem to tackle more wholesomely the issue of social justice and equity in their selected fiction. These approaches embrace co-operation and complementarity between men and women. Apart from gender inequality, the paper is cognizant of the fact that postcolonies grapple with hegemonic capitalism and its resultant exploitation and social oppression. To attain social emancipation, Ngugi and Osi, envision alternative agents in their fictional universes into which the present paper seeks to delve.  The humanist element contained in African feminism addressed patriarchy whereas Marxist feminist postulations addressed capitalistic hegemonies. The literature review focused on the works of authors and literary critics who have analyzed works on gender and capitalism. This paper concludes that men and women can have a peaceful co-existence. Secondly African humanist approaches to gender are viable in resolving social and gender conflicts. Finally, men and women should be treated equitably because people are endowed with different potentials which are not dependent on sex.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 755-762\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9902\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elizabeth Nasipwoni Wekesa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of English, Literature, Journalism and Mass Communication Kibabii University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Felix Orina<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of English, Literature, Journalism and Mass Communication Kibabii University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Joseph Musungu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of English, Literature, Journalism and Mass Communication Kibabii University<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9903\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">The purpose of this paper is to explore Ngugi wa Thiong\u2019o\u2019s and Osi Ogbu\u2019s stance on gender. Against the backdrop of patriarchy in both Western and African societies, there has been an intense debate with regards to resolving gender inequality without reaching consensus since most of the existing feminist views have proved controversial and divisive. This paper is a continuation of this debate and specifically focuses on two African male postcolonial feminist artists whose humanist and afroeuropean approaches seem to tackle more wholesomely the issue of social justice and equity in their selected fiction. These approaches embrace co-operation and complementarity between men and women. Apart from gender inequality, the paper is cognizant of the fact that postcolonies grapple with hegemonic capitalism and its resultant exploitation and social oppression. To attain social emancipation, Ngugi and Osi, envision alternative agents in their fictional universes into which the present paper seeks to delve.  The humanist element contained in African feminism addressed patriarchy whereas Marxist feminist postulations addressed capitalistic hegemonies. The literature review focused on the works of authors and literary critics who have analyzed works on gender and capitalism. This paper concludes that men and women can have a peaceful co-existence. Secondly African humanist approaches to gender are viable in resolving social and gender conflicts. Finally, men and women should be treated equitably because people are endowed with different potentials which are not dependent on sex.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9904\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Elizabeth Nasipwoni Wekesa, Dr. Felix Orina, Dr. Joseph Musungu   &#8220;Marxist Humanism and Gender Equity in Ngugi WA Thiong\u2019o\u2019s <i>Petals of Blood<\/i> and Osi Ogbu\u2019s <i>The Moon Also Sets<\/i>&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.755-762 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/755-762.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9905\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/755-762.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9906\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/marxist-humanism-and-gender-equity-in-ngugi-wa-thiongos-petals-of-blood-and-osi-ogbus-the-moon-also-sets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marxist Humanism and Gender Equity in Ngugi WA Thiong\u2019o\u2019s <i>Petals of Blood<\/i> and Osi Ogbu\u2019s <i>The Moon Also Sets<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e752f1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e752f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e753f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e753f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e755ba\" data-id=\"5e755ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e75723 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e75723\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e757ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e757ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7598c\" data-id=\"5e7598c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e75afa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e75afa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e75b95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e75b95\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e75d44\" data-id=\"5e75d44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e75e90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e75e90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e75f32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e75f32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e760b7\" data-id=\"5e760b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e761f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e761f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e762c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e762c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e76423\" data-id=\"5e76423\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7656e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7656e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e765fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e765fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7677e\" data-id=\"5e7677e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e768d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e768d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e76996 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e76996\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e76b39\" data-id=\"5e76b39\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e76c67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e76c67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Challenges of Asset Management in Institutions of Higher Education in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mudyazhezha Eddine Edson, Mudyazhezha Olivia Constance  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 763-776<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e76d2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e76d2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e76ed5\" data-id=\"5e76ed5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e77034 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e77034\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9901\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9902\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9903\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9904\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9905\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9906\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9901\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study focused on asset management in Institutions of Higher learning in Masvingo Province in Zimbabwe. The study was motivated by the fact that there is improper asset management in higher educational institutions in Zimbabwe. The study was to establish the types of assets (human, financial, facilities) required by Institutions of Higher Education in Zimbabwe in Masvingo Province. The second research objective was to assess the extent of the inadequacy of assets at the Institutions. The third research objective was to assess the current strategies for asset management at these Institutions. The fourth research objective was to isolate the challenges faced in asset management and the last research objective was to propose options for ensuring effective management and the adequacy of required assets at Institutions of Higher learning in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe. The study used mixed methods and there was both quantitative and qualitative data. The research was centred on Institutions of Higher learning in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe. The population was made up of 3200 academic and non-academic staff in Institutions of Higher learning in Masvingo Province and 8 Zimbabwe Congress of Students Union (ZICOSU) executive members, and 10 Zimbabwe National Student Union (ZINASU) executive members. There was use of simple stratified random sampling technique when selecting participants from the academic and non-academic staff in Institutions of Higher learning. There was use of \u2018fish bowl\u2019 method to select 10 non-academic staff members and 36 academic staff members. The study also sought the opinions of key stakeholders such as the Zimbabwe Congress of Students Union (ZICOSU) and Zimbabwe National Student Union (ZINASU). There was use of questionnaires and interviews to collect data for this study. Quantitative data analysis was conducted through use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) while qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The study found out that assets like financial resources, furniture, and ICT hardware and software were said to be highly significant. Most of the assets that are required by Institutions of Higher learning were inadequate. There were financial resource, human resource, technology, and facilities plans. The research showed that Masvingo Polytechnic College has adequate structures for asset management. Financial resources were a major challenge affecting asset management at Masvingo Polytechnic College. The study concluded that there was inadequacy of the required assets and it was recommended that these institutions could engage in income generating projects, for example agriculture, to finance asset acquisition. Partnerships with private companies, which could provide assets like student accommodation can also be explored. There was a need to fully embrace the concept of results based management in asset management.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 763-776\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9902\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mudyazhezha Eddine Edson<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPart Time Lecturer, Great Zimbabwe University, Department on Management Studies<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mudyazhezha Olivia Constance<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Midlands State University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pujiati<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9903\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbdullahi, I. 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(2010), \u2018The Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management on Organisational Performance,\u2019 Journal of Naval Science and Engineering, vol.6, no.2, pp.100-116.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tCandy, R., Lewtas, B., McGregor, A., Schumann, J., and Stack, G. (2000), Guidelines For Strategic Asset Management: How to Undertake a Facilities Audit, Sydney; Australasian Association of Higher Education Facilities Officers.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tCreswell, J.W. (2014), Research Design, Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, Fourth Edition, Thousand Oaks, California; Sage.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tDay, D.V. and Antonakis, J. (2012), The Nature of Leadership, Thousand Oaks, California; Sage.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tEziubochi, M. (2011), Revitalising Polytechnic Education in Nigeria, www.nigeriancommentaries.blogspot.com [Accessed 13 June 2017].<br \/>\r\n[11]\tFord, D.L. and Kiran, M.I. 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(1995), \u2018The Resource-Base View of the Firm: Ten Years After\u2019, Strategic Management Journal, vol.16, no.3, pp.171-174.<br \/>\r\n[41]\tWisner, M.D. (2011), \u2018Psychological Strengths as Predictors of Effective Student Leadership,\u2019 Christian Higher Education, vol.10, no.3, pp.353-375.<br \/>\r\n[42]\tYang, L., Sun, G. and Martin, J.E. (2008), \u2018Making Strategy Work: A Literature Review on Factors Influencing Strategy Implementation,\u2019 ACA Working Paper, vol.2, no.1, pp.25-54<br \/>\r\n[43]\tYizengaw, T. (2008), Challenges of Higher Education in Africa and Lessons of Experience for the Africa-U.S. Higher Education Collaboration Initiative, A Synthesis Report Based on Consultations made between March-April, 2008, and Review of Literature Related to Higher Education and Development in Africa, Washington D.C.; National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9904\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mudyazhezha Eddine Edson, Mudyazhezha Olivia Constance  &#8220;The Challenges of Asset Management in Institutions of Higher Education in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.763-776 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/763-776.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9905\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/763-776.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9906\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-challenges-of-asset-management-in-institutions-of-higher-education-in-masvingo-province-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Challenges of Asset Management in Institutions of Higher Education in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7c2a4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e7c2a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e7c394 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e7c394\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7c564\" data-id=\"5e7c564\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7c6a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7c6a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e7c72d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e7c72d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7c88f\" data-id=\"5e7c88f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7c9a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7c9a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e7ca2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e7ca2f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7cb81\" data-id=\"5e7cb81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7cc95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7cc95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e7cd17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e7cd17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7ce6f\" data-id=\"5e7ce6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7cfa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7cfa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d03b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e7d03b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d18b\" data-id=\"5e7d18b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d2ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7d2ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d334 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e7d334\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d48d\" data-id=\"5e7d48d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d5a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7d5a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d66b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e7d66b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d7ff\" data-id=\"5e7d7ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d91d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7d91d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Marital Status and Educational Background as Determinants of Tax Compliance in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Aregbesola, O.D, Owosekun, A.O &#038;  Salawu, R.O- August 2020 Page No.: 777-783<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d9d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e7d9d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7db6a\" data-id=\"5e7db6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7dcaa elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e7dcaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9901\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9902\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9903\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9904\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9905\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9906\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9901\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9901\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study analysed the influence of marital status and educational background of the tax payers on Personal Income Tax compliance in Nigeria.<br \/>\r\nThe study employed a cross-sectional design which made use of a structured questionnaire. The population of the study comprised of employees who were 18 years and above in the public and private organizations as well as artisans and traders to represent the informal sector. The Taro Yamane formular was used to determine the sample size of 400 which was distributed among the three Southwestern states selected namely, Lagos, Oyo and Osun using proportionate sampling technique. Data were analysed using percentages, mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Findings showed that marital status significantly influence personal income tax compliance in Nigeria (P=0.005) and mean scores showed that singles were more compliant than other categories of marital status, like the married and divorced.  Also, educational background does not significantly influence personal income tax compliance (P=0.338).<br \/>\r\nThe study concluded that in order for the government to achieve a desirable level of tax compliance among the populace, there is need for government to encourage the populace. Furthermore, the tax law should be more explicit and positioned in such a way as to improve its applicability.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 777-783\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9902\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9902\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aregbesola, O.D<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting and Finance, Bowen University Iwo, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Owosekun, A.O<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Bowen University Iwo, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Salawu, R.O<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management and Accounting, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9903\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9903\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAlabede, J. 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R. (2010). Tax knowledge and tax compliance determinants in self assessment system in Malaysia. University of Birmingham. &#8220;Rates and Allowances &#8211; Income Tax&#8221;. HM Revenue &#038; Customs. http:\/\/www.hmrc.gov.uk\/rates\/it.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-02.<br \/>\r\n[36]\tPalil, M. R., &#038; Mustapha, A. F. (2011a). Determinants of Tax Compliance in Asia: A case of Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 24(1), 8-32.<br \/>\r\n[37]\tPalil, M. R., &#038; Mustapha, A. F. (2011b). Factors affecting tax compliance behaviour in self assessment system. African Journal of Business Management, 5(33), 12864-12872.<br \/>\r\n[38]\tPentland, B. T., &#038; Carlile, P. (1996). Audit the taxpayer, not the return: Tax auditing as an expression game. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 21(2), 269\u2013287.<br \/>\r\n[39]\tRichardson, M, and Sawyer, A. J, (2001). \u201eA Taxonomy of the Tax Compliance Literature: Further Findings, Problems and Prospects\u201f, Australian Tax Forum, vol. 16, pp.137-320.<br \/>\r\n[40]\tTanzi, V., &#038; Shome, P. (1993). A prime on tax evasion. New York: Working paper,IMF.<br \/>\r\n[41]\tTibiletti, L. (1991). The paradox of tax full compliance: A solution. Atlantic Economic  Journal, International Atlantic Economic Society, 27(3), 356-366.<br \/>\r\n[42]\tTorgler, B. (2003). Tax morale: Theory and analysis of tax compliance. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, University of Zurich, Switzerland.<br \/>\r\n[43]\tTsakumis, G. T., Curtola, A. P., &#038; Porcano, T. M. (2007). The relation between national cultural dimensions and tax evasion. Journal of International of Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 16, 131-147.<br \/>\r\n[44]\tYamane, T. (1964). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, London: Harper and Row.<br \/>\r\n[45]\tYaniv, G. (1999). Tax Compliance and Advance Tax Payments: A Prospect Theory Analysis, National Tax Journal, 52(4), 753-764.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9904\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9904\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aregbesola, O.D, Owosekun, A.O &#038;  Salawu, R.O  &#8220;Marital Status and Educational Background as Determinants of Tax Compliance in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.777-783 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/777-783.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9905\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9905\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/777-783.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9906\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9906\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/marital-status-and-educational-background-as-determinants-of-tax-compliance-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marital Status and Educational Background as Determinants of Tax Compliance in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e818f4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e818f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e819f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e819f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e81bb0\" data-id=\"5e81bb0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e81cff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e81cff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e81d97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e81d97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e81f1d\" data-id=\"5e81f1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e82046 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e82046\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e820cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e820cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e82231\" data-id=\"5e82231\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e82345 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e82345\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e823cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e823cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e82519\" data-id=\"5e82519\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8265b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8265b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e826e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e826e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e82845\" data-id=\"5e82845\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e82955 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e82955\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e829df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e829df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e82b2a\" data-id=\"5e82b2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e82c37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e82c37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e82cd6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e82cd6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e82e8d\" data-id=\"5e82e8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e82fb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e82fb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Relevance of Philosophy to Any Discipline<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Charles C. Nweke, Vera A. Uyanwune  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 784-788<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8305c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8305c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e831c0\" data-id=\"5e831c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e832e6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e832e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The quest for the utility or futility of Philosophy is a fundamental concern on the general relevance of Philosophy especially in a world that currently progresses on the provisions of post-modernity. The advancements of science and technology, the progress and achievements of some disciplines within the fields of humanities all tend to engender relative indifference to Philosophy which is sometimes considered abstract, speculative and as a career, non-professional and less lucrative.This paper attempts to establish the efficacy of Philosophy by drawing its significance to any discipline using the tools of Phenomenology and Critical analysis.  The paper argues that the value of philosophy to any field is partly factored on its receptiveness and appreciation in the benefitting discipline. The paper finds that Philosophy mostly provides the fundamental principles that underpin various disciplines and continues to play often indispensable roles in various academic and practical fields of human endeavor.In the field of Law, Jurisprudence is essential for formulation of legal theories. In the field of Education, Philosophy is crucial in the areas of pedagogy, educational foundations, management and policies. Ethics is relevant to all facets of life. Within its own academic field, there is philosophy of virtually all disciplines which questions fundamental assumptions of such disciplines. Thus, Philosophy\u2019s relevance remains ineluctable.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 784-788\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Charles C. Nweke<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Philosophy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka-Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vera A. Uyanwune<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Philosophy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka-Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAlawa D.(2015). The problem of God and Existence in a Secularized Society: A Philosophical Analysis. NnamdiAzikiwe Journal of Philosophy, 7(2), pp.39-46.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tLeiter, B. &#038;Sevel, M.(2016). Philosophy of Law. https\/\/Britannica.com\/topic\/philosophy-\tof-law<br \/>\r\n[3]\tEgbeke, A. (1996). What is Philosphy? An African Inquiry. Done Family Circle Publications<br \/>\r\n[4]\tMmaduabuchi, O. (2018). Introduction to Philosophy of Science. Saola Prints.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tNdianefoo, I.(2016).A Critical History of Philosophy of Science. Divine Press.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tNweke, C. (2016). Philosophy: Definition and Meaning. In C. Nweke, C. Obi, C. Onebunne&#038; O. Nnajiofor(Eds.),Basic Philosophy and Logic (pp.17-30). Fab Anieh Nig. Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tObi, C. (2016). Philosophy: Definition and Meaning. In C. Nweke, C. Obi, C. Onnebunne&#038;O.Nnajiofor  (Eds.) Basic Philosophy and Logic (pp.1-5). Fab Anieh Nig. Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tOha, O. (2016). Signs, Wonders and Endless Wondering: Godwin Sogolo and the Question of religion in Contemporary African Society. In O. Oyeshile&#038; F. Offor (Eds), Ethics, Goverance and Social Order in Africa (pp.19-31). Zenith Book House Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tOjong, K. (1995). The concept of Philosohy and Its Latest Dimensions. In A. Uduigwomen(Ed.), A Concise introduction to Philosophy and Logic ( pp.1-20). CentaurPublishers.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tOkereke, C. &#038;Iloanya, C. (2011). Easy way to Philosophy: Origin and Development.Kings Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tSmeyers, P. (2018). Philosophy and Education: a critical kind of Wisdom.  In P. Nweke (Eds.). International handbook of Philosophy of Education. Springer Publishing. p.12.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tStumph S. E. (1975). Philosophy History and Problems.McGraw-Hill Inco.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tUmeh, G. (2016). Philosophy: Definition and Meaning. In C. Nweke&#038; C. Obi et al (Eds.) Basic Philosophy and Logic (pp. 6-16). Fab Anieh Nig. Ltd.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Charles C. Nweke, Vera A. Uyanwune  &#8220;Relevance of Philosophy to Any Discipline&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.784-788 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/784-788.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/784-788.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/relevance-of-philosophy-to-any-discipline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Relevance of Philosophy to Any Discipline<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8429b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e8429b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8438d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8438d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e84515\" data-id=\"5e84515\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8463a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8463a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e846ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e846ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e84812\" data-id=\"5e84812\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e84924 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e84924\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e849a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e849a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e84aed\" data-id=\"5e84aed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e851fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e851fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e852b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e852b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8542c\" data-id=\"5e8542c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e85554 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e85554\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e855d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e855d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e85fdc\" data-id=\"5e85fdc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8612f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8612f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e861b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e861b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e86320\" data-id=\"5e86320\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e86440 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e86440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e86503 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e86503\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e86696\" data-id=\"5e86696\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e867ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e867ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Testing and Interpreting Correlation, Moderation and Mediation Effects in Social Science Researches<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>T. L. Sajeevanie- August 2020 Page No.: 789-795<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8689c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8689c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e86a03\" data-id=\"5e86a03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e86b23 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e86b23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Most of the researchers in positivist paradigm develop conceptual frameworks to test the research hypotheses. In a quantitative study it is very common to identify the relationship between independent and dependent variables. In addition to that, most of the conceptual models consist of moderating and mediating variables. Hence, it is very critical to test these effects and similarly it is very serious, as to how to interpret, the test results properly. Hence, the objectives of this study are; to explain the correlation, moderating and mediating effects; to explain how to interpret the test results of correlation, moderation and mediating effects in a social science research.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 789-795\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>T. L. Sajeevanie<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Human Resource Management, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tFairchild A.J. and Mackinnon, D. P. (2009).  A General Model for Testing Mediation and Moderation Effects. Prevention Science, Vol. 10, 87-89.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tFrazier. P.A., Brron, K.E. and Tix, A.P (2004). Testing Moderator and Mediator Effects in Counseling Psychology Research, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol.51(1), 115-134.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tHair, J.F.J, Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., &#038; Tatham, R.L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tNamazi, M. and Mamazi, N. (2016). Conceptual Analysis of Moderator and Mediator Variables in business research. Procedia Economics and Finance, Col (36), 540-554.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tRayees, F. and Sandeep V., (2017). Moderating Variables in Business Research. IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 14(4), 75-79.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tSchcher, P., and Schwarte L.A. (2018). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate use and Interpretation .  Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(5), 1763-1768.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tSekaran, U. and Bougie, R. (2013). Research Methods for Business; A skill-Building Approach. Wiley India Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">T. L. Sajeevanie  &#8220;Testing and Interpreting Correlation, Moderation and Mediation Effects in Social Science Researches&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.789-795 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/789-795.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/789-795.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/testing-and-interpreting-correlation-moderation-and-mediation-effects-in-social-science-researches\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Testing and Interpreting Correlation, Moderation and Mediation Effects in Social Science Researches<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e881a2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e881a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e882a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e882a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8926e\" data-id=\"5e8926e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e893c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e893c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e89468 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e89468\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e895cf\" data-id=\"5e895cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e896eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e896eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8977c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8977c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e89977\" data-id=\"5e89977\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e89af9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e89af9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e89b87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e89b87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e89cd6\" data-id=\"5e89cd6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e89de8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e89de8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e89e66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e89e66\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e89fb8\" data-id=\"5e89fb8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8a0c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8a0c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8a149 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8a149\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8a295\" data-id=\"5e8a295\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8a3a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8a3a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8a46b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8a46b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8a5f2\" data-id=\"5e8a5f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8a728 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8a728\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Education as a Key to National Development in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ogbonnaya, Esther Abosede PhD  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 796-803<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8a7d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8a7d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8a959\" data-id=\"5e8a959\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8aaa1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e8aaa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purpose: This paper examined education as a key to National Development in Nigeria. It highlighted the fact that a nation develops in relation to its achievement in education. This explains why contemporary world attention has focused on education as an instrument for launching nations into the world of science and technology resulting in human advancement, in terms of living conditions and development of the environment.<br \/>\r\nDesign\/Methodology &#038; Approach: the methodology adopted was a contextual analysis that involved the review of materials ranging from publications, textbooks, and relevant internet sources.<br \/>\r\nImplication: Education is the life wire of a nation that leads to great growth and development, as no nation risesabove its standard of education. Therefore, Nigeria needs to appraise its present educational system and introduce innovations that would ensure it competes favorably with global standards.<br \/>\r\nOriginality\/Value: This paper concludes that when the present challenges in the educational sector are addressed,  a cutting edge educational standards established in all learning institutions, and political will of the government for equity, Nigeria would be launched into steady, and unprecedented national development.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 796-803\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbonnaya, Esther Abosede PhD<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nNational Open University of Nigeria, Mushin Centre, Lagos, Nigeria  <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdam Sibuyi, (2016). Importance of Education. From www.news24.com 4 Oct 2016. Accessed 18\/08\/2016.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAdesina, S. (2005). Growth without Development: Nigerian Educational Experience between 1914-2004. Abeokuta: Educational Industries Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAdiele, E. E. (2006). Reflections on The Philosophical Based of the Nigerian Education and the \tAttainment of Equality of Access to Primary Education. Internal Journal of African and African \tAmerican Studies. Vol, V No.1, Jan 2006.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAfolabi, F.O. and Loto, A.B. (2012). \u201cSocial- political Vicissitudes and Bureaucratic Constraints on Educational Formulation and Implementation in Nigeria\u201d.  In Edo, V.O. and Salami, E.F.K.(eds), Issues and Trends in \tNigeria\u2019s Development: A Festschrift for Rev. (Fr.) Abiodun , F.A. Ibadan: John Achers, P.330 and 339.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAjayi, A.I. and Afolabi, F.O. (2009). \u201cThe Role of Tertiary Education in National Development: The Nigerian Scenario; Journal of Teacher Education, 10(1), 34-46.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tAmaele, S. et al (2011). History of education: from Ancient to Contemporary Era: The Global and Nigerian Perspectives. Port Harcourt: Hrey Publications Coy, p.6 and 7.eujournal.org. Accessed 23\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tBhatta, C. P. (2009). Holistic Personality Development through Education: Ancient Indian Cultural \tExperiences. Journal of Human Values, 15 (1), 49\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/097168580901500104. Accessed 23\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tBhawna Bawa, (2016). National Development: Meaning and Problems. https:\/\/www.yourarticlelibrary.com\/society\/national-development-meaning-and-problems\/76824. Accessed 22\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tEkundayo, W. J. (2015). National Development in Nigeria and The Indispensable Lessons for Nigeria to Learn from \tthe Asian Tiger. Journal of Good Governance and Sustainable Development in Africa (JGGSDA), Vol. 2, \tNo. 4, May, 2015. http:\/\/rcmss.com. Accessed 20\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tEvang, H.M. Molagun, (1999). The Philosophy And Objectives Of Nigerian Education As It Relates To Teacher Education. A Paper Presented At The National Conference By The School Of Education, Kwara State \tCollege Of Education Ilorin Held On 13-16 April 1999. Main theme: Nigeria Teacher Education of the \tTwenty-First Century: Attractions and Distractions. Subtheme: Teacher Education and National Policy on Education.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tFadugba Josiah, (2017). The Dire Need For Genuine National Development Is Revolution A Solution https:\/\/medium.com\/@losici\/the-dire-need-for-genuine-national-development-is-revolution-a-solution-f0fe75530679.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tFafunwa, A.B. (2004). History of education in Nigeria. Ibadan: NPS Education Publishers Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tFasoranti, M. M. (2010). The Influence of the Deregulated Tele-communication Sector on Urban Employment Generation in Nigeria. Research Journal of Social Sciences, 5: 1-6.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tFederal Republic of Nigeria (2013). National Policy on Education 6th Edition. Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC) Press. Yaba Lagos.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tKingdom, E., Orji and Maekae, Job. (2013). The role of education in national development: Nigeria Experience . European Science Journal.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tLawal, T. and Abe, O. (2011). National Development in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Prospect. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research. Vol. 3 (9), pp.237-241, November 2011.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tLichman, W. (1972). The Political Economy of Development. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of Califonia \tPress, P. 57.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tLochner, L. and Moretti, E. (2004). The effect of education of crime: evidence from prison inmates, arrests and self-\treports NBER Working Paper 8605 http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers \/w8605.pdf. Accessed 20\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tMarcellus, I.O. (2009). Development Planning in Nigeria: Reflections on National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) 2003-2007. J.Soc Sci, 20(3), 197-210. 2009.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tNational Development Plan And Planning From 1968 Till Date; The Nigerian Experience  https:\/\/www.projectwriters.ng\/author\/scholarsadmin\/nuary 14, 2016. Accessed 21\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tNERDC, (2004). Federal Republic of Nigeria: National Policy on Education- 4th Edition 2004.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tNigeria National Planning Office, (1981). Fourth National Development Plan, 1981-1985, Volume 1. National Planning Office, Federal Ministry of National Planning 1981.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tOkoroma, N.S. (2006). Educational Policies and Problems of Implementation in Nigeria.  Australian Journal of \tAdult Learning Volume 46,Number2,July 2006.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tObasanjo, Olusegun. (2012). \u201cEducation and National Development\u201d, A Lecture Presented at the 2012 Graduation Ceremony of University of Nigeria, Nsukka, January 26, p.3.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tOnwuka, P.O. (2014). True Import of Education. https:\/\/nigerianobservernews.com. Accessed 18\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tRaheem, I and Oyinlola, M. A. (2013). Foreign Direct Investment &#8211; Economic Growth Nexus: The Role of the Level of Financial Sector Development in Africa. Journal of Economics and International Finance . Vol. 5 (9), \tpp327-337. December 2013.<br \/>\r\n[27]\tRaheem, I. D., Isah, K.O. and Adedeji, A. A. (2018). Inclusive growth , Human Capital Development and Natural Resource Rent in SSA. Economic Change and Structuring,Springer,Vol.51(1),pages29-48, February2018.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tRajesh Parihar (2017). The Concept of Education. https:\/\/rajnursing.blogspot.com\/2017\/09\/concept-of-education.html?m=1 Accessed 20\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tTodaro and Smith (2006). Economic Development, 9th Edition. http:\/\/www.aw-bc.com\/todaro_smith. Accessed 23\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[30]\tThe Importance of Education. https:\/\/www.pearson.com\/news-and-research\/efficacy\/importance-of-\teducation.html. Accessed 21\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[31]\tUNDESA (2018). The Report of the Secretary General on the &#8220;Implementation of the Third United Nations Decade \tfor the Eradication of Poverty (2018 &#8211; 2027)&#8221; https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/socialperspectiveondevelopment\/united-nation-decade-for-the-\teradication-of-poverty\/3rd.html. Accessed 23\/08\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tYuri Vanetik (2019). What Are The Three Types Of Education And How Do They Differ? medium.com. http:\/\/yurivanetik.net. Accessed 12\/08\/2020.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ogbonnaya, Esther Abosede PhD  &#8220;Education as a Key to National Development in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.796-803 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/796-803.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/796-803.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/education-as-a-key-to-national-development-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Education as a Key to National Development in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8bdd0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e8bdd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8bed9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8bed9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8c083\" data-id=\"5e8c083\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8c1b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8c1b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8c262 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8c262\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8c498\" data-id=\"5e8c498\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8c827 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8c827\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8c92b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8c92b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8cc67\" data-id=\"5e8cc67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8cee5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8cee5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8cf92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8cf92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8d232\" data-id=\"5e8d232\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8d455 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8d455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8d4e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8d4e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8d65f\" data-id=\"5e8d65f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8d77d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8d77d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8d7ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8d7ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8d950\" data-id=\"5e8d950\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8da5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8da5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8daf7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8daf7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8dcdb\" data-id=\"5e8dcdb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8e907 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8e907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of Cost Leadership Strategy on the Performance of Tea Processing Factories in Murang\u2019a County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mbaru Regina Wairimu, Dr. Caleb Kirui- August 2020 Page No.: 804-807<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8e9e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8e9e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8eb8c\" data-id=\"5e8eb8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8ece1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e8ece1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In today\u2019s rapidly changing economic and business environments tea factories in Kenya compete for customers, revenue, market share with products and services that meet customer\u2019s needs. The Kenyan tea producing industry has been in decline since 2000 which culminated in closure of most of the tea estates. Tea processing factories in Murang\u2019a County, Kenya in particular faces unprecedented challenges; a shift in consumer demand and habit, a changing climate, resource constraints and mechanization of farming are converging to put pressure on an industry. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the influence of cost leadership strategy on the performance of tea processing factories in Murang\u2019a County, Kenya. This study employed a descriptive survey design. The study targeted 9 tea processing factories in Murang\u2019a County, Kenya. The total number of the respondents was 407 comprising of managers and support staff. The study used stratified sampling method and simple random sampling technique to select the respondents. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study established a positive and significant relationship between differentiation strategy, cost leadership strategy and focus strategy on organizational performance. The study established a positive and significant relationship between cost leadership strategy and organizational performance. The study concluded that cost leadership strategy focus on resource organization. The goal is to produce goods or services at the lowest possible cost by organizing every potential resource around the current production methods. The study recommended that the tea factories should offer a lower price entry with a product offering a competitive advantage in terms of quality. Carry out Research and Development (R&#038;D) breakthroughs to advance technology for less expensive production or distribution.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 804-807\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mbaru Regina Wairimu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management Science, School of Business, Kenyatta University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Caleb Kirui<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management Science, School of Business, Kenyatta University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAtikiya, R., Mukulu, E., Kihoro, J., &#038; Waiganjo, E. (2015). Effect of cost leadership \tstrategy on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. Strategic Journals, 2(8), 134-143<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBerry, F. S. (2017). Strategic planning as a tool for managing organizational \tchange. International Journal of Public Administration, 30(3), 331-346.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBirjandi, H., Jahromi, N. M., Darasi, S. M., &#038; Birjandi, M. (2014). The Effect of Cost \tLeadership Strategy On ROA and Future Performance of Accepted Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(70, 152 \u2013 158<br \/>\r\n[4].\tCamis\u00f3n, C., &#038; Villar-L\u00f3pez, A. (2014). Organizational innovation as an enabler of \ttechnological innovation capabilities and firm performance. Journal of business research, 67(1), 2891-2902<br \/>\r\n[5].\tCavusgil, S. T., Ghauri, P. N. &#038; Akcal, A. A. (2013). Doing Business in Emerging \tMarkets, 2nd ed., SAGE, London<br \/>\r\n[6].\tChepchirchir, A. B., Omillo, F., &#038; Munyua, J. (2018). Effect of Cost Leadership Strategy \ton Organizational Performance of Logistics Firms at Jomo Kenyatta International \tAirport, Kenya. European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies, 2(1), 123 \u2013 \t132<br \/>\r\n[7].\tGloria L. G. &#038; Ding, D. Z. (2015). Competitive Strategy and Firm Performance: An \tEmpirical Study of Chinese Firms. Journal of Global Marketing,18(3\/4), 15 \u2013 23<br \/>\r\n[8].\tHill, C. W., Jones, G. R., &#038; Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an \tintegrated approach. Cengage Learning<br \/>\r\n[9].\tHuse, M. &#038; Gabrielson, M. (2014). Past, Present and Future Challenges in research on board and governance. A review on major management journals, 2(5), 56 \u2013 61<br \/>\r\n[10].\tKeraro, V., Mokamba, J., Cheluget, J., Kithitu, J., &#038; Mbogo, P. (2012). Strategies for \tenhancing effective management of tea factories in a liberalized smallholder tea \tsubsector in Kenya. Prime Journal of Business Administration and Management \t(BAM), 2(11), 736-\t745<br \/>\r\n[11].\tMachuki, V. N. &#038; Aosa, E. (2016). The influence of external environment on the \tperformance of publicly quoted companies in Kenya. Business Administration and \tManagement Journal, 1(7), 205-218<br \/>\r\n[12].\tMaina, E. W. (2018). Influence of Strategic Management Practices on Competitiveness of \tKenyan Tea (Doctoral dissertation, Jkuat-COHERED)<br \/>\r\n[13].\tMarangu, N. W. Mwiti, E., &#038; Thoronjo, E. (2017). Analysis of Cost Leadership Strategy \tInfluence on Organizations\u2019 Competitiveness of Sugar Firms in Kenya. European \tJournal of Business and Management, 9(28), 38 \u2013 40<br \/>\r\n[14].\tMulande, E. M. (2012). Competitive strategies adopted by coffee roasters and packers in \tKenya. Unpublished MBA project university of Nairobi<br \/>\r\n[15].\tPearce, J. A. &#038; Robinson, R. B. (2012). Strategic Management: Strategy Formulation and Implementation. Third Edition, Richard D. Irwin Inc<br \/>\r\n[16].\tTeeratansirikool, L., Siengthai, S., Badir, Y., &#038; Charoenngam, C. (2013). Competitive \tstrategies and firm performance: the mediating role of performance measurement. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(2), 168 \u2013 184<br \/>\r\n[17].\tVanderstraeten, J., &#038; Matthyssens, P. (2012). Service-based differentiation strategies for \tbusiness incubators: Exploring external and internal alignment. Technovation, 32(12), 656 \u2013 670<br \/>\r\n[18].\tWamalwa, B. P. (2014). Sustainable supply chain management as a strategic tool for \tcompetitive advantage in tea industry in Kenya. Journal Management &#038; Sustainability, 4, 157 \u2013 169<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mbaru Regina Wairimu, Dr. Caleb Kirui  &#8220;The Influence of Cost Leadership Strategy on the Performance of Tea Processing Factories in Murang\u2019a County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.804-807 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/804-807.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/804-807.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-cost-leadership-strategy-on-the-performance-of-tea-processing-factories-in-muranga-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Influence of Cost Leadership Strategy on the Performance of Tea Processing Factories in Murang\u2019a County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8fb91 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e8fb91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8fc8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8fc8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8fe1d\" data-id=\"5e8fe1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8ff52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8ff52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8ffde elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8ffde\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e90145\" data-id=\"5e90145\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e90261 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e90261\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e902e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e902e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e90482\" data-id=\"5e90482\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e905a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e905a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e90637 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e90637\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e90792\" data-id=\"5e90792\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e908b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e908b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9093e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9093e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e90a9c\" data-id=\"5e90a9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e90bc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e90bc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e90c5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e90c5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e90dad\" data-id=\"5e90dad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e90ec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e90ec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e90f69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e90f69\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e910dc\" data-id=\"5e910dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e911f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e911f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Lexical Expression of Eroticism between Male and Female Authors in Indonesian Prose 2000-2015: Analysis of Stylistic<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mahfuddin, Muhammad Darwis, Nurhayati Syairuddin, Ikhwan M. Said- August 2020 Page No.: 808-814<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e91295 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e91295\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e91410\" data-id=\"5e91410\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9153f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e9153f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study is to find out the differences in using the erotic expression in Indonesian prose written between 2000-2015 by male and female authors The theory used in this study is the theory of linguistic stilistics from Geoffery Leech and Michael H. Short. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive study. The sample was taken using purposive sampling. The technique of data analysis used flow models. The result of this research indicates that male and female authors use different words choices (diction) of eroticism. The words are classified into two categories. Those categories are words which refer to organ and erotic activity. It was also found that male and female authors have similar variations in expressing genital organs. However, female authors are more varied in expressing erotic activity than male authors<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 808-814\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mahfuddin<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCultural Studies Faculty, Hasanuddin University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Darwis<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCultural Studies Faculty, Hasanuddin University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nurhayati Syairuddin<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCultural Studies Faculty, Hasanuddin University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ikhwan M. Said<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCultural Studies Faculty, Hasanuddin University<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tArafah, Burhanuddin,  Hasyim, Muhammad. 2019. Linguistic functions of emoji in social media communication. Opci\u00f3n, Vol. 35, No. 24,  558-574<br \/>\r\n[2]\tArikunto. Suharsimi. 2010. Research Procedure: A Practical Approach. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAriesta, F.W. 2019. Nilai Moral dalam Lirik Dolanan Cublak-Cublak Suweng. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya. Vol. 7, No. 2, 188-192<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAyu, Djenar Maesa. 2005. Nayla. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAyu, Djenar Maesa. 2007. Don&#8217;t Play With (Your Gender). Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tDahlan, Muhidin M. 2005. God, Let Me Be a Prostitute. Yogyakarta: Scripta Manent.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tDarwis, Muhammad. 2010. \u201cThe Abnormalities of Grammar in Indonesian Poetry: Study of Stylistics &#8220;. Unraveling the Malay World Alliance in the Context of Indonesia-Malaysia Allied Nation Relations (Book 1). Yogyakarta: Ombak.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tDarwis, Muhammad dan Kamsinah. 2013.\u201d &#8220;The use of euphemism as a politeness strategy told in Buginese language: a statistical analysis&#8221;. ARCHEOLOGY, HISTORY AND CULTURE Proceedings of the 2nd International Archeology, History and Culture Seminar in Malay. Thing. 39-46. Malaysia: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 26 &#8211; 27 November 2013.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tHasyim, Muhammad. 2014. Konstruksi Mitos dan Ideologi dalam Teks Iklan Komersial Televisi: Suatu Analisis Semiologi. Disertasi. Makassar: Program Pascarajana Universitas Hasanuddin.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tHasyim, Muhammad. 2017. The Metaphor of Consumerism. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 523-530<br \/>\r\n[11]\tHasyim, Muhammad Dr., Akhmar, A.M., Kuswarini, P., Wahyuddin. 2019. Foreign Tourists&#8217; Perceptions of Toraja as a Cultural Site in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure. Volume 8 (3)<br \/>\r\n[12]\tHasyim, M., Prasuri Kuswarini, P., Kaharuddin. 2020. Semiotic Model for Equivalence and Non-Equivalence in Translation. Humanities &#038; Social Sciences Reviews.  8 (3), 381-391.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tKaharuddin, Hasyim, Muhammad. 2020. The Speech Act of Complaint: Socio-Cultural Competence Used by Native Speakers of English and Indonesian. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24 (06), 14016-14028.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tKuswarini, Prasuri, Muhammad Hasyim, M., Chotimah, Irma N.H. 2020. Othering The Self as A Form of Mimicry in The English Translation of Hirata\u2019s Laskar Pelangi. Journa Of Critical Reviews.  Vol 7, Issue 19, 1286-1295<br \/>\r\n[15]\tKurniawan, Eka. 2014. Like Revengefulness Must Be Paid Completely. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tLeech dan Short. 1993. Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose (terjemahan Umar Junus) London: Longman Group UK.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tMaknun, T., Hasjim, M., Muslimat, M.,  and Hasyim, M. 2019.  The form of the traditional bamboo house in the Makassar culture: A cultural semiotic study. Semiotica. In press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/sem-2017-0162<br \/>\r\n[18]\tNofitasari, D.V., Rosyadi,I., Muslimin, M.,  Hendrawan, R., Yudistio,K.,  Sa\u2019adah, Z., Dharmawan, A.S. 2020. Harmonisasi Masyarakat Tengger dalam Upacara Yadnya Karo. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya. Vol. 8., No. 1, 140-145.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tRukmini, Oka. 2014. Earth dance. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tSuherman, Maman. 2014. RE. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tSutarman. 2013. Taboo Language and Euphemism. Surakarta: Yuma Pustaka.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tUtami, Ayu. 2013. Saman. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/kamuskesehatan.id\/glossary. Dictionary of Health, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy and Midwifery.<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/kbbi.web.id. Indonesia Dictionary. Online.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mahfuddin, Muhammad Darwis, Nurhayati Syairuddin, Ikhwan M. Said  &#8220;Lexical Expression of Eroticism between Male and Female Authors in Indonesian Prose 2000-2015: Analysis of Stylistic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.808-814 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/808-814.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/808-814.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/lexical-expression-of-eroticism-between-male-and-female-authors-in-indonesian-prose-2000-2015-analysis-of-stylistic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lexical Expression of Eroticism between Male and Female Authors in Indonesian Prose 2000-2015: Analysis of Stylistic<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e923b0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e923b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9249b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9249b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e92620\" data-id=\"5e92620\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e92746 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e92746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e92998 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e92998\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e92ba9\" data-id=\"5e92ba9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e92cf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e92cf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e92d8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e92d8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e92eeb\" data-id=\"5e92eeb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9300c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e9300c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e93091 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e93091\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e931e2\" data-id=\"5e931e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e932f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e932f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9337e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9337e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e934c5\" data-id=\"5e934c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e935d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e935d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9365a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9365a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e937a7\" data-id=\"5e937a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e938b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e938b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e93957 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e93957\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e93aed\" data-id=\"5e93aed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e93c17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e93c17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Are Entrepreneurship Theories From Developed Countries Applicable In Developing Countries?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. Sangurah Ramari Mukhebi Robbert (PhD)- August 2020 Page No.: 815-818<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e93cbb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e93cbb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e93e2b\" data-id=\"5e93e2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e93f7d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e93f7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9911\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9911\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The varied views within the field as to definitions and frameworks suggest that entrepreneurship lacks a universal definition, and it is a paradigm of deliberate behavior. Heterogeneity in definition has permitted borrowing of theories from fields like economics, sociology, and psychology among others to anchor entrepreneurship research. Most of these theories have originated from developed countries, raising questions on their applicability in developing countries. This study sought to test if niche entrepreneurship policy (promotions and resource support) mediate in the relationship between women entrepreneurs\u2019 profile and their entrepreneurial activity, anchoring the study on psychological and resource-based theories. It adapted a Positivist Paradigm and used a Quantitative Multi-method approach. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Through multi-stage sampling, a sample of 375 adult female entrepreneurs participated in the study. Data was analyzed through correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination. The hypotheses testing results revealed there being significant direct and indirect relationships between and among variables. For example, the correlation coefficient results for the first hypothesis (H01); R2=.2374, p= .025 meant that 24% change in the rate of new start-ups initiated was attributed to promotional efforts. Also, the coefficient of determination results for the seventh hypothesis (H07); k2= .0766,  95% BCa CI (.0007, .0633) and b= .001, z= .7134, p= .4756); meant that 8% change in the rate of new start-ups initiated was due to the mediation influence of promotional efforts between the female entrepreneurs\u2019 motives and their rate of starting new MSEs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 815-818\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9912\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9912\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Sangurah Ramari Mukhebi Robbert (PhD)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer School of Business and Management Science; University Of Eldoret- Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9913\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9913\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tDzisi S. (2008). Women entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana. Unpublished PhD thesis submitted to the Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Business and Enterprise. Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia<br \/>\r\n[2]\tCochran, W. G. (1963). Sampling Techniques, (2nd Ed). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: New York.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tField A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage International Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tHair, J.F., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R.E. &#038; Tatham, R.L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th edn). Pearson Education: Harlow.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tICF\/WB (nd). Voices of Women Entrepreneurs in Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tIFC Gender Entrepreneurship Markets &#038; Foreign Investment Advisory Service: Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington D.C., U.S.A. (www.ifc.org)<br \/>\r\n[7]\tKothari, C.R. (2004). Research Methodology; Methods and Techniques. (2nd Ed.) New Age International (P) Ltd, New Delhi.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tLeedy, P.D. &#038; Ormrod, J.E. (2005). Practical research: Planning and design (8th ed). Pearson Education Inc: New Jersey.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tNeuman, L (2006). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, (6th edn), Pearson, Boston.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tROK (1992). Ministry of Planning and National Development. Sessional Paper 2 of 1992 on Small and Jua Kali Development in Kenya. Government Printer.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tSaunders, M. Lewis P. and Thormill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students. 3rd ed. England: Prentice Hall.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tSangurah R. M. R. &#038; Tubeyi R. Role Of Women Entrepreneurs\u2019 Traits On New Venture   Start-Ups In Western Kenya. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management ISSN 2520-9108 (Paper) ISSN 2518-2838 (Online) Vol.2, Issue 3 No.4, pp 40 &#8211; 47, 2017<br \/>\r\n[13]\tSangurah R. M. R., Omboto P. I &#038; Tubeyi R. Resource Support and Women-owned MSEs\u2019 Growth in Western Kenya. The International Journal of Humanities &#038; Social Studies (ISSN 2321 &#8211; 9203) www.theijhss.com. 2017.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tSangurah R. M. R. Growing Women-Owned MSEs in Kenya. International Journal of Innovative Research &#038; Development Doi No. : 10.24940\/Ijird\/2019\/V8\/I6\/Jun19059<br \/>\r\n[15]\tWorld Bank (2016): Doing Business in Kenya 2016. Washington DC<br \/>\r\n[16]\tWorld Bank (2008). Financing technology entrepreneurs &#038; SMEs in developing Countries. Country Study, Kenya. Washington DC<br \/>\r\n[17]\tWorld Bank (2007). Gender and Economic Growth in Kenya; Unleashing the Power of Women. Amanda E., Jozefina C., Nouma D., Ian G., Clare M., Thongori J.; Washington DC 20433<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9914\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9914\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Sangurah Ramari Mukhebi Robbert (PhD)  &#8220;Are Entrepreneurship Theories From Developed Countries Applicable In Developing Countries?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.815-818 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/815-818.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9915\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9915\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/815-818.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9916\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9916\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/are-entrepreneurship-theories-from-developed-countries-applicable-in-developing-countries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Are Entrepreneurship Theories From Developed Countries Applicable In Developing Countries?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9d004 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e9d004\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9d0f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9d0f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e9d296\" data-id=\"5e9d296\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9d3ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e9d3ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9d47b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9d47b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e9d5de\" data-id=\"5e9d5de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9d6e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e9d6e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9d774 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9d774\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e9d8bd\" data-id=\"5e9d8bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9d9c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e9d9c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9da4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9da4a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e9dbab\" data-id=\"5e9dbab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9dcb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e9dcb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9dd35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9dd35\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e9de95\" data-id=\"5e9de95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9dfb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e9dfb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9e039 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9e039\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e9e18a\" data-id=\"5e9e18a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9e290 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e9e290\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9e336 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9e336\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e9e496\" data-id=\"5e9e496\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9e5aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e9e5aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Moderating Effect of Business Size and Age on the Relationship between Financial Literacy and Financial Performance of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kisii County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. Kenyanya Patrick Nyatete, Ph.D., Dr. Mule Robert Kisavi, Ph.D.  &#8211; August 2020 Page No.: 819-823<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e9e645 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e9e645\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e9e7af\" data-id=\"5e9e7af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e9e8e0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5e9e8e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9921\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9922\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9923\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9924\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9925\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9926\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9921\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Craft micro enterprises contribute up to 20% to employment and 15% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in emerging economies through tax revenue and foreign exchange. In spite of funding and training interventions by stakeholders, statistics indicate that financial performance of craft micro enterprises is on a rapid decline, especially in the soapstone-based micro enterprises in Kisii, which poses a risk to both Kenya\u2019s GDP, and the many residents in the area who depend on the industry for survival. Although several studies have attempted to establish the cause of this poor performance, the endogenisation of both business size and age as moderating factors on the relationship between financial literacy and financial performance of the craft micro enterprises in Kisii has received far less attention empirically. The objective of the present study was therefore to investigate the moderating effect of business size and age on the relationship between financial literacy and financial performance of the craft micro enterprises. Using a correlational research design, the study targeted 532 entrepreneurs operating under 23 registered self-help groups. Stratified random sampling was employed to select 228 respondents for the study. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. Results showed that business size has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between financial literacy and financial performance of the craft micro enterprises. It is recommended that stakeholders in the craft industry in the soapstone industry should enhance financial literacy trainings to the entrepreneurs and increase financing to grow the enterprises if they seek to improve their financial performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 819-823\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9922\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Kenyanya Patrick Nyatete, Ph.D.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting and Finance, Maseno University, Kenya <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mule Robert Kisavi, Ph.D.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting and Finance, Maseno University, Kenya <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9923\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tNyanamba, S. O. (2018). Influence of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of craft micro enterprises in Kenya. A Ph.D. thesis submitted to JKUAT, Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[2]\t Mutegi, H.K., Njeru, P.N., &#038; Ongesa, N.T. (2015). An Analysis of The Effect Of Book Keeping Skills from Equity Group Foundation\u2019s Financial Literacy Training Program on Entrepreneurs Loan Repayment Performance. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom, 3(3), 1-28<br \/>\r\n[3]\tOgembo, J. (2015). Contribution of Soapstone handicraft industry to community tourism in Tabaka, Kisii County. A MSc. research project submitted to Kenyatta University.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tKisii County Government. (2013). Socio-economics Profile. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from Kisii County Government: http:\/\/www.kisii.go.ke.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tMoazzem, D. K. (2013). Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Bangladesh: Are They Scaling Up. Dhaka: Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD).<br \/>\r\n[6]\tMoyi, E. D. (2013). Credit and Employment Growth among Small Enterprises in Kenya. International. Journal of Business and Economics Research, 2(3), 69-76.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tLusardi, A. &#038; Tufano, P. (2008). Debt Literacy, Financial Experience and Over-indebtedness. Harvard School Working Paper. Retrieved July 14th, 2020, from http:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/assa\/2009\/retrieve.php?pdfid=302.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMakhitha, K. M. (2017). Challenges affecting small craft producer business growth and survival in South Africa. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 11 (3), 1-12.<br \/>\r\n[9]\t Ngugi, M. (2007). Impact of Entrepreneurial Development: The case of Kenya. Nairobi: University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tWaiganjo, E.W., Mukulu, E., &#038; Kahiri, J. (2012). Relationship between Strategic Human Resource Management and Firm Performance of Kenya\u2019s Corporate Organizations. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(10), 62-70.<br \/>\r\n[11]\t Khatri, C.O., &#038; Ng, C.M. (2013). The Impact of Microcredit on Women owned Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from Malaysia. Global Journal of Business Research, 7(5), 57-69.<br \/>\r\n[12]\t Rotich, M. S. (2016). The Effect of Real Estate Investments on the Financial Performance of Pension Funds in Kenya. Unpublished Msc. Finance Project, University of Nairobi, Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tTorteska, E. (2012). External Sources of Finance for the Corporate Sector in Macedonia. Published MSc Thesis, University of Ijubrjana, Macedonia.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tThirumalaisamy, R. (2013). Firm Growth and Retained Earnings Behavior \u2013 A Study on Indian Firms. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(27), 40-57<br \/>\r\n[15]\tMohammed, D. (2012). Impact of Business Risk on Corporate Capital Structure of Publicly-Listed Nigerian Companies. Journal of Business and Management, 5(2), 1-15.<br \/>\r\n[16]\t Ramalho, J.S., &#038; da Silva, J. V. (2009). A two-part fractional regression model for the financial leverage decisions of micro, small, medium and large firms. Quantitative Finance, 9(5), 621-636.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tOgunduyile, S.R., Kayode, F., &#038; Ojo, B. (2008). Art and design practices in Nigeria: The problem of dropping out. International Journal of Education &#038; the Arts, 9(4), 1-21.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tMahrt-Smith, J. (2005). The interaction of capital structure and ownership structure. The Journal of Business, 78(3), 787-816.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tMahjabeen, R. (2008). Microfinance in Bangladesh: Impact on Household, Consumption and Welfare [J]. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30(6), 1083-1092.<br \/>\r\n[20]\t Li,Y., Ong, S.E., &#038; Ooi, J.T.L. (2007). Market Timing and REIT Capital Structure Changes. IRES. Working Paper Series. University of Wisconsin and National University of Singapore, Singapore.<br \/>\r\n[21]\t Wahba, H., &#038; Elsayed, K. (2015). The mediating effect of financial performance on the relationship between social responsibility and ownership structure. Future Business Journal, 1(1-2), 1-12.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tMugenda, O.M, and Mugenda, A.G. (1999). Research Methods. Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. ACTS Press, Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tOrodho, A. J., &#038; Kombo, D. K. (2002). Research Methods. Nairobi: Kenyatta University, Institute of Open Learning<br \/>\r\n.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9924\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Kenyanya Patrick Nyatete, Ph.D., Dr. Mule Robert Kisavi, Ph.D.  &#8220;Moderating Effect of Business Size and Age on the Relationship between Financial Literacy and Financial Performance of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kisii County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.819-823 August 2020\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/819-823.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9925\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/819-823.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9926\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/moderating-effect-of-business-size-and-age-on-the-relationship-between-financial-literacy-and-financial-performance-of-craft-micro-enterprises-in-kisii-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moderating Effect of Business Size and Age on the Relationship between Financial Literacy and Financial Performance of Craft Micro Enterprises in Kisii County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2132 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ea2132\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2248 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea2248\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea23e6\" data-id=\"5ea23e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea2530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea25cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea25cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2720\" data-id=\"5ea2720\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea2838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea28b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea28b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2a0e\" data-id=\"5ea2a0e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2b19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea2b19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2ba3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea2ba3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2cf2\" data-id=\"5ea2cf2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea2e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2e8d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea2e8d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea2fdc\" data-id=\"5ea2fdc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea30e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea30e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea317a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea317a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea32bc\" data-id=\"5ea32bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea33c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea33c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea3467 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea3467\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea35d1\" data-id=\"5ea35d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea36e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea36e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>TGT Learning Application (Teams Games Tournament) on Student Learning Outcomes of History Gadingrejo State 1 High School<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Edi Purnomo, Risma M. Sinaga, Pargito- August 2020 Page No.: 824-826<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea3785 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea3785\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea38e4\" data-id=\"5ea38e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea3a05 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ea3a05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9921\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9922\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9923\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9924\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9925\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9926\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9921\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">INTRODUCTION<br \/>\r\nSenior High School 1 Gadingrejo, Gadingrejo District, Pringsewu Regency, Lampung Province has implemented the 2013 Curriculum to date, is one of the formal educational institutions that aims to form productive people, able to work independently, able to choose careers, resilient and persistent in competence, adaptability, in the work environment, and develop a professional attitude and self-knowledge, in the future either independently or through higher education. However, improving the quality of education in schools encounters several obstacles in achieving student learning outcomes.<br \/>\r\nTeachers as managers of learning activities must be able to apply varied learning models to students so as to encourage students to be active in the learning process. This is where the task of a teacher as an implementer of education in schools plays a role, namely to formulate strategies by arranging the functions of each teaching component into an effective and efficient teaching system so that maximum educational goals are achieved.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 824-826 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9922\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Edi Purnomo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Risma M<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Risma M<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9923\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tArikunto, S. 2012. Research Procedure A Practical Approach. Jakarta: PT. Rieka Cipta.<br \/>\r\n[2]\t Buzan, Tony. 2007. Smart Mind Book Folder for Children for Smart Children in  School. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pusaka Main.<br \/>\r\n[3]\t Djamarah, Syaiful Bahri. 2002. Teaching and Learning Strategies. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.<br \/>\r\n[4]\t Hamalik, Oemar. 2009. Basics Curriculum Development. Teenager. Rosdakarya: Bandung.<br \/>\r\n[5]\t Hanafiah, Nanang &#038; Grandson Suhana. 2010. Concept Learning Strategy. Refika Aditama: Bandung.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tKosasih, A., Angkowo R. (2007). Optimization of learning media. Jakarta: PT Grafindo.<br \/>\r\n[7]\t Sugiyono. 2008. Statistics for Research. Bandung: Alfabeta.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Sugiyono. 2011. Research Methods  Education: A Quantitative Approach,  Qualitative and R&#038;D. Bandung: Alfabeta.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9924\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Edi Purnomo, Risma M. Sinaga, Pargito  &#8220;TGT Learning Application (Teams Games Tournament) on Student Learning Outcomes of History Gadingrejo State 1 High School&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.824-826 August 2020  URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/824-826.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9925\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/824-826.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9926\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/tgt-learning-application-teams-games-tournament-on-student-learning-outcomes-of-history-gadingrejo-state-1-high-school\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TGT Learning Application (Teams Games Tournament) on Student Learning Outcomes of History Gadingrejo State 1 High School<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea4834 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ea4834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea68ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea68ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea6a87\" data-id=\"5ea6a87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea6bfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea6bfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea6c9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea6c9d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea6e11\" data-id=\"5ea6e11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea6f2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea6f2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea6fc6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea6fc6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7122\" data-id=\"5ea7122\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7246 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea7246\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea72d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea72d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7436\" data-id=\"5ea7436\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea754e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea754e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea75e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea75e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7746\" data-id=\"5ea7746\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea7866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea78ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea78ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7a46\" data-id=\"5ea7a46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7b69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea7b69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7c11 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea7c11\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7d8c\" data-id=\"5ea7d8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7eaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea7eaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teaching Style among Science Teachers in Secondary Schools <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ahmad Rizal Madar, Sri Sumarwati, Hashima Hamid, Mohd Hasril Amiruddin, Azhani Che Ibrahim- August 2020 Page No.: 827-830<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7f54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea7f54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea80c3\" data-id=\"5ea80c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea820d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5ea820d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9921\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9922\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9923\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9924\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9925\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9926\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9921\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Teachers in the 21st century need to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The quality of teachers&#8217; teaching style is one of the influential factors in producing a more effective learning environment. This study aims to identify the teaching style among science teachers in secondary schools. This quantitative study involved 320 high school students in Johor, Malaysia. The instrument used to obtain the data was a questionnaire consisting of 45 items, including demographic and Grasha Teaching style. Survey results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for The Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 software for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. This research found that expert style, formal authority style, personal models style, facilitators style, and delegator style used by science teachers. However, the facilitator style is the most often used teaching style by science teachers in the teaching and learning process. Besides, the findings of this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between facilitator style and student academic achievement. This research suggests that teachers should focus on the teaching style used in the classroom to improve student academic achievement.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 827-830 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9922\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Ahmad Rizal Madar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,  Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Sri Sumarwati<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,  Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Hashima Hamid<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,  Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Mohd Hasril Amiruddin<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,  Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Azhani Che Ibrahim<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,  Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9923\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAb. Rahim, N. R., Othman, N. Lecturer\u2019s (2017). Teaching Style with Student\u2019s Achievement in Entrepreneurship and Innovation Basic Course in UKM. Seminar Serantau, 326-332.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAbdullah, N. S., Sumarwati, S., Abd Aziz, M. I., Ziden, A. A., Razak, N. A., &#038; Jalil, S. A. (2020). Life and career skills amongst technical and vocational education and training (TVET) students. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11 (12): 637-654.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAlismail, H. A., McGuire, P. 21st Century Standards and Curriculum: Current Research and Practice. Journal of Education and Practice, 2015, 6, 6, 150-154.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAmiruddin, M. H., Ismail, I. M., Razali, N., Ismail, M. E., Doman, N., Samad, N. A., &#038; Rahim, A. A. A. (2020). The motivation level towards the application of google apps among part-time students: A case study. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 12, 1.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tBaharuddin, A., Subramaniam, M., &#038; Sharifuddin, R. S. (2001). Rekabentuk Perisian Multimedia Kuala Lumpur: Venton Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tBude Su, Bonk, C. J., Magjuka, R. J., Xiaojing, L., Seung-hee, L. The Importance of Interaction in Web-Based Education: A Program-level Case Study of Online MBA Courses. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 2005, 4, 1, 1-19.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tChong, S., Cheah, H. M. A Values, Skills and Knowledge Framework for Initial Teacher Preparation Programmes. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 2009, 34, 3, 1-17.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tFord, J. H., Robinson, J. M., &#038; Wise, M. E. (2016). Adaptation of the Grasha Riechman Student Leaning Style Survey and Teaching Style Inventory to assess individual teaching ang learning styles in a Quality Improvement Collaborative. BMC Medical Education, 16, 252, 1-13.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tGhani, A., Adnan, M. F., Jemaat, A. K., Ayub, M., Seman, M., Yusak, S. M. Principal Moral Leadership Full boarding schools and Mara Science Lower Colleges: A Comparison. Journal of Educational Leadership, 2015, 2, 3, 1-15.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tGrasha, A. F. (1994). A Matter of Style: The Teacher as Expert, Formal Authority, Personal Model, Facilitator and Delegator. College Teaching, 42, 4,142-149.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tGrasha, A. F. (1996). Teaching with style: A practical guide to enhancing leaning by understanding teaching and learning style. Pittsburgh: Alliance Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tHalim. L., Abdul Hamid, M. I., Meerah, T. S., &#038; Osman, K. (2006). Needs of Primary School Science Teachers in the Teaching of Science in Kota Setar District, Kedah. Journal of Technology, 44, 13-30.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tHeydarnejad, T., Fatemi, A. H., &#038; Ghonsooly, B. (2017). An Exploration of EFL Teachers&#8217; Teaching Styles and Emotions. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 4, 2, 26-46.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tIsmaon, Z., Iksan, Z., &#038; Othman, N. (2013). Impression of STAD Model Cooperative Learning to Attitudes Towards Mathematics. Journal of Mathematical Education, 1, 1, 11-18.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tMeng, E. A. (2003). Ilmu Pendidikan: Pengetahuan dan Ketrampilan Ikhtisas. Selangor: Penerbitan Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tMinistry of Education Malaysia. (2015). Kurikulum Abad Ke-21. Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum, KPM.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tNordin, A., Ling, L. H. (2011). Relationship Attitude towards Science Subjects with Basic Concept Mastery of Science Students Form Two. Journal of Science &#038; Mathematics Educational, 2, 89-101.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tShaari, A. S., Yusoff, N. M., Ghazalic, I. M., Osmand, R., &#038; Mohd Dzahir, N. F. (2014). The relationship between lecturers\u2019 teaching style and students\u2019 academic engagement. Procedia Social and Behavioral Science, 118, 10-20.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tShirazi, S. (2017). Student experience of school science. International Journal of Science Education, 39, 14, 1891-1912.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tSulaiman, H. R., &#038; Muhammad, R.  (2010). Development of Teaching and Learning Software using Computers. Johor: University of Technology Malaysia.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tSumarwati, S., Fitriyani, H., Setiaji, F. M. A., Amiruddin, M. H., &#038; Jalil, S. A. (2020). Developing mathematics learning media based on elearning using moodle on geometry subject to improve students&#8217; higher order thinking skills. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 14, 4, 182-191.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9924\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ahmad Rizal Madar, Sri Sumarwati, Hashima Hamid, Mohd Hasril Amiruddin, Azhani Che Ibrahim  &#8220;Teaching Style among Science Teachers in Secondary Schools &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.827-830 August 2020  URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/827-830.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9925\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/827-830.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9926\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teaching-style-among-science-teachers-in-secondary-schools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Teaching Style among Science Teachers in Secondary Schools <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea930f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ea930f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea93fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea93fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9581\" data-id=\"5ea9581\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea96ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea96ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9731 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea9731\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9887\" data-id=\"5ea9887\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9998 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea9998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9a32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea9a32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9b92\" data-id=\"5ea9b92\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9ca6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea9ca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9d28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea9d28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9e79\" data-id=\"5ea9e79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9f7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea9f7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ea9ffd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ea9ffd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eaa141\" data-id=\"5eaa141\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eaa252 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eaa252\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5eaa2d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5eaa2d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eaa41b\" data-id=\"5eaa41b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eaa52b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eaa52b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5eaa5c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5eaa5c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ead57b\" data-id=\"5ead57b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ead6e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ead6e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Comparison Life and Career Skills among Premier, Conventional and Metro Polytechnics Students in Malaysia <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Nurhanim Saadah Abdullah, Sri Sumarwati, Azidah Abu Ziden, Nordin Abd Razak, Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz- August 2020 Page No.: 831-835<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ead7b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ead7b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ead940\" data-id=\"5ead940\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eada6e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5eada6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9921\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9922\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9923\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9924\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9925\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9926\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9921\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9921\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The 21st Century education requires a holistic transformation in terms of infrastructure, knowledge, and teaching strategies that encourage a more complex thinking process. Life and career skills are essential to both learning and work in the 21st century. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference between life skills and career skills of flexibility and adaptability, initiative and self-directed skills, social skills and cross-cultural skills, productivity and accountability, responsibility, and leadership, between Polytechnic students in Malaysia. This study used a quantitative research approach. The respondents consisted of 527 students at the Polytechnic diploma in Malaysia, which is determined using stratified random sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA using SPSS version 21. The results of this study show that there is a significant difference between the flexibility and adaptability skills possessed by the students in different types of polytechnics in Malaysia. However, this study found that there is no significant difference between the initiative and self-direction skills, social and cross-cultural skills, productivity and accountability skills, responsibility, and leadership skills possessed by the students in different types of polytechnics in Malaysia. Therefore, researchers suggest that future researchers explore other critical elements of Work Readiness with 21st-century skills for polytechnic students in Malaysia.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 831-835 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 September 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9922\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9922\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Nurhanim Saadah Abdullah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,  Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Sri Sumarwati<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,  Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Azidah Abu Ziden<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,  Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Nordin Abd Razak<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,  Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i> <strong>Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,  Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9923\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9923\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tDaniels, J., Brooker, J. Student identity development in higher education: implications for graduate attributes and work-readiness. Educational Research, 2014, 56 (1), 65\u201376. doi:10.1080\/00131881.2013.874157.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tDepartment of Polytechnic Studies. Student Admission Division Portal, Department of Polytechnic Studies. 2014. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.politeknik.edu.my\/portalbpp\/index.asp?pg=program&#038;kat=dp.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tFong, L. L., Sidhu, G. K., Fook, C. Y. Exploring 21st Century Skills among Postgraduates in Malaysia. Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014, 123, 130\u2013138. doi: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.01.1406.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tIsmail, A., Kasman, Z., Sumarwati, S., Yunus, F. A. N.,  Samad, N. A. The development of job competency for skilled technical worker towards green technology. International Journal of GEOMATE, 2019, 17 (59): 216-221. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21660\/2019.59.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tJanet, B. B., Kimberly, A. G., &#038; Ken, K. Up to the Challenge: The Role of Career and Technical Education and 21st Century Skills in College and Career Readiness. U. S.: Career Technical Education Consortium and Partnership for 21st Century Skills. 2010.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tLevin, D., Ben-Jacob, T., Ben-Jacob, M. The learning environment of the 21st century. AACE Journal, 2000, 1(13), 8\u201312.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tMclachlan, K. (2012). A case study of 21st Century Skills Programs and Practices. University of Southern California: P.hD Thesis.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tOfori, G. Nature of the Construction Industry, Its Needs and Its Development: A Review of Four Decades of Research. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 2015, 20 (2), 115\u2013135.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tOsman, K., Soh, T. M. T., Arsad, N. M. Development and validation of the Malaysian 21st century skills instrument (M-21CSI) for science students. Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2010, 9, 599\u2013603. DOI: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.12.204.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tPool, L. D., Sewell, P. The key to employability: developing a practical model of graduate employability. Education + Training, 2007, 49 (4), 277\u2013289. DOI: 10.1108\/00400910710754435.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tRobinson, J. P. What are employability skills. The Workplace, 2000, 1 (3), 1\u20133. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.fremont.k12.ca.us\/cms\/lib04\/CA01000848\/Centricity\/Domain\/189\/employability-skills.pdf<br \/>\r\n[12]\tSumarwati, S., Yunos, J. M., Ibrahim, B. Transferable Skills for PhD Students to Complete the Journey. Advanced Science Letters, 2017, 23 (2), 968-971. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1166\/asl.2017.7459.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tTrilling, B., &#038; Fadel, C. (2009). 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times. Jossey-Bass. John Wiley &#038; Sons. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.hrdcentral.com\/21st-century-skills-learning-for-life-in-our-times.html\/.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9924\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9924\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nurhanim Saadah Abdullah, Sri Sumarwati, Azidah Abu Ziden, Nordin Abd Razak, Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz&#8221;The Comparison Life and Career Skills among Premier, Conventional and Metro Polytechnics Students in Malaysia &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.4 issue 8, pp.831-835 August 2020  URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/831-835.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9925\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9925\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-8\/831-835.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9926\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9926\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-comparison-life-and-career-skills-among-premier-conventional-and-metro-polytechnics-students-in-malaysia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Comparison Life and Career Skills among Premier, Conventional and Metro Polytechnics Students in Malaysia <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eae97a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5eae97a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5eaea68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5eaea68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eaebec\" data-id=\"5eaebec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eaed14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eaed14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5eaed99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5eaed99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eaeef7\" data-id=\"5eaeef7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf002 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eaf002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf088 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5eaf088\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf1cd\" data-id=\"5eaf1cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf2db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eaf2db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf359 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5eaf359\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf4aa\" data-id=\"5eaf4aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf5ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eaf5ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf629 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5eaf629\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf771\" data-id=\"5eaf771\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eaf895 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eaf895\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]A Comparison of Academic Performance of Learners in Day Secondary Schools and Those in Boarding Secondary School [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1439,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3313","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3313\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}