{"id":3642,"date":"2020-11-17T11:31:31","date_gmt":"2020-11-17T11:31:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/?page_id=3642"},"modified":"2020-12-24T12:26:01","modified_gmt":"2020-12-24T12:26:01","slug":"volume-iv-issue-xi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/digital-library\/volume-iv-issue-xi\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume IV Issue XI"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3642\" class=\"elementor elementor-3642 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16286b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16286b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1628b06\" data-id=\"1628b06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1628dcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1628dcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><\/strong><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1629292 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1629292\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162958f\" data-id=\"162958f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16297f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16297f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Review of Women and Leadership in Tertiary Education in Cameroon: Adversities and Implications for Productivity<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Vanity Mugob Nshukwi, Titanji Peter Fon, Joseph Besong Besong- November 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 01-12<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1629950 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1629950\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1629d37\" data-id=\"1629d37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162a04f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"162a04f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper is anchored on leadership and women in tertiary education in Cameroon with a focus on productivity from the perspective of these women. The review dwells on the premise that possibilities for floundering among women leaders abound with adverse consequences on their productivity. There are multifold concerns regarding women in leadership positions within higher education institutions ranging from: ability to manage work and family responsibilities, difficulty of receiving adequate mentoring from women with greater longevity and issues related to gender bias. While these adversities exist, there is seemingly a low key empathetic and supportive response from their male counterparts. Albeit these challenges, this paper examines the status quo through the lenses of a conceptual review to comprehend what literature has posited in respect to the topic under discourse. While the paper acknowledges the paucity of empirical works that have investigated the topic within the context of Cameroon, calls are equally made for more research to understand women in leadership positions within higher education institutions in Cameroon as well as some possible recommendations to remedy the challenges they face. Primarily, the male administrators may engage in behavioural adjustments towards female colleagues, support the activities of their female counterparts due to their extra responsibilities and equally show more empathy to their female co-workers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-12\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 November 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vanity Mugob Nshukwi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and Administration Faculty of Education , University of Buea. P O Box 63, Buea Southwest Region, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Titanji Peter Fon<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Education, University of Bamenda P O Box 39, Bambili Northwest Region, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Besong Besong<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and Administration Faculty of Education , University of Buea. P O Box 63, Buea Southwest Region, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adusah-Karikari, A. (2008). Experiences of women in higher education: A study of women Faculty and administrators in selected public universities in Ghana. Ohio University.\r\n[2] Alabi, T., Bahah, M., &amp; Alabi, S.O. (2013). The girl-child: A sociological view on the problems of girl-child education in Nigeria. Global Research Journal of Education, 3(2), 57-65\r\n[3] Arini, C.S., Conner, L., McPherson, K., Midson, B., &amp; Wilson, C. (2011). Learning to be leaders in higher education: What helps or hinders women\u2019s advancement as leaders in universities. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 39, 44-62. http:\/\/ dx.doi.org \/10.1177\/17 41143210383896\r\n[4] Assenoh, A. Y. (2012). Transformations in traditional rule in Ghana. JO-Africa Today https:\/\/doi.org\/0.1353\/at.2012.0036\r\n[5] Ballenger, J.N. (2010). Voices from the field: What have we learned about instructional leadership? http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/15700763.2013.766349.\r\n[6] Beardwell, J., &amp; Calydon, T. (2010). Human resource management: A Contemporary approach. 6th edition, Prentice Hall. https: \/\/ doi. org\/: 10.4236 \/ib. 2009. 11005 6,505\r\n[7] Beaudry, C., Mouton, J. &amp; Prozesky. H. (2018). Mobility and the careers of young scientists. In\r\n[8] Beaudry, C., Mouton, J. &amp; Prozesky, H. (eds) The Next Generation of Scientists in Africa. Cape Town: African Minds, pp.103\u201321.\r\n[9] Brink, C.L., &amp; Benschop, Y. (2012). Gender practices in the construction of academic excellence: Sheep with five legs. https:\/\/doi.org\/:10.1177\/1350508411414293.SAGE Publications.\r\n[10] Bruckm\u00fcller, M. S., Ryan, F.R., &amp; Haslam, A. (2014). Beyond the glass ceiling: The glass cliff and its lessons for organizational policy. Journal of social issues https: \/\/doi.org\/ 10.1111 \/sipr. 12006\r\n[11] Carter, N.M., Ibarra, H., &amp; Silva, C. (2010). Why men still get more promotion than women.Harvard Business Review Press\r\n[12] Cook, A., &amp; Glass, C. (2016). Women and top leadership positions: Towards an institutional analysis. Gender and Work Orgaisaion. Vol. 21(1), 91-103.\r\n[13] DeFrank-Cole, L., Latimer, M., Reed, M., &amp; Wheatly, M. (2014). The women\u2019s leadershipinitiative: One university\u2019s attempt to empower females on campus. Journal of Leadership, Accountability &amp;, Ethics. 11(1), 50-63. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nabusinesspress.com\/jlaeopen.html\r\n[14] Dunn, D., Gerlach, J. M., &amp; Hyle, A. E. (2014). Gender and leadership: Reflections ofwomen in higher education administration. International Journal of Leadership and Change: Vol. 2: I ss. 1, Article 2. Available at: http:\/\/ digital commons. wku.edu\/ ijlc\/vol2\/iss1\/2\r\n[15] Fonkeng, E.G. (2010). The history of education in Cameroon, 1844-2004. Lewiston, New York. Edwin Mellen Press.\r\n[16] Gartzia, L., Ryan, M.K., Balluerka, N., &amp; Aritzeta, A. (2012). Think crisis think female: Further evidence. European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology. 21, 603-628. https:\/\/doi.org\/:10.1080\/1359432X.2011.59157216\r\n[17] Guillen, L., Mayo,M., &amp; Korotov, K. (2015). Is leadership part of me? A leader identity approach to understanding the motivation to lead. https:\/\/doi.org\/:10.1016\/jleagua 2015.05.001\r\n[18] Hlatywayo, L., Hlatywayo, S., &amp; Muranda, A.Z. (2014). The extent to which female leadersoccupy leadership positions in Zimbabwean teachers colleges. IOSR Journal ofHumanities and Social Science, Volume 19, Issue 9.\r\n[19] Hunt, C., Callender, C., &amp; Parry, G., (2016). The entry and experience of private providers of higher education in six countries. Centre for Global Higher Education, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AL.\r\n[20] Johnson, H. J., Barnard-Brak, L., Saxon, T. F., &amp; Johnson, M. K. (2012). An experimental study of the effects of stereotype threat and stereotype lift on men and women&#8217;s performance in mathematics. The Journal of Experimental Education, 80(2), 137- 149. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220973.2011.567312\r\n[21] Johnson, A.G. (2014): The gender knot: Unravelling our patriarchal legacy 3rd Ed Temple University Press, Philadelphia.\r\n[22] Kellerman, B., &amp; Rhodes, D. L. (2014). Women at the top: The pipeline reconsidered.Research, theory, and practice (pp. 23-39). Information Age Publishing, Inc.\r\n[23] Kiamba, J.M. (2008). Women and leadership positions: Social and cultural barriers to success. Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women\u2019s and Gender Studies 6: 27\u201343.\r\n[24] Kowalski, T. (2010). The school principal: Visionary leadership and competent management. 1st Edition, Routledge.\r\n[25] Kaushik, G., &amp; Pullen, A. (2018). Study of gender as social practice in an Indian I.T. company. Journal of International Women\u2019s Studies. Vol. 19(2)\r\n[26] Krause, S.F. (2017). Leadership: Underrepresentation of women in higher education. ProQuest LLC, [PhD. Dissertation], North central University.\r\n[27] Levtov, R.G. (2013). Men and Masculinities. SAGE Publications.\r\n[28] Lewis, P., &amp; Simpson, K. (2012). Exploring gender inclusion in contemporary organizations. Kent Business School, University of Kent.\r\n[29] Lindow, B. (2011). Intimate partner violence against women. http:\/\/ doi. Org\/ 10.4103\/ 1658- 354x.76480\r\n[30] McDaniel, A. (2014). Women\u2019s rising share of tertiary enrolment: A cross- national analysis. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 1(2). Retrieved from http:\/\/ preserve. lehigh. edu \/fire \/vol1 \/iss2\/1\r\n[31] Morley, L. &amp; Crossouard, B. (2015). Women in higher education leadership in South Asia:\r\n[32] Rejection, refusal, reluctance, revisioning. Executive Summary, British Council, University of Sussex, available at: http:\/\/ www. British council. In \/sites\/ British council.in2 \/files\/ women_in_higher_ education leadership_in_sa.pdf (accessed 21 March 2015).\r\n[33] Murray, A., &amp; Chau, P. (2014). Enhancing staff motivation in \u201ctough\u201d periods: Implications for business leaders. Strategic Direction, Vol. 30 No6.\r\n[34] Parker, E. I. (2018). Perspectives on women\u2019s higher education leadership from around the World. SAGE Publications.\r\n[35] Scott, J. (2012). Quantitative methods and gender inequalities. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 13(3), 2232-2236.\r\n[36] Titanji, P.F. (2017). Understanding educational organizations and leadership. University of Calabar Press, Calabar \u2013 Nigeria.\r\n[37] Varghese, N. (2006). Growth and Expansion of Private Higher Education in Africa. In N. V. (Ed.), Growth and Expansion of Private Higher Education in Africa. Paris: UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning.\r\n[38] Voydanoff, P. (2014). The effects of work demands and resources on work-to- family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(2), 398- 412. http:\/\/ dx.doi .org\/ 10.1111\/j. 1741-3737. 2004.00028.\r\n[39] Zimmer, L., (2011). Tokenism and women in the workplace: The limits of gender- neutral theory University of California Press, Accessed: 02\/03\/2011 09:17\r\n[40] http\/\/www.minesup.org\r\n[41] http\/\/www.en.unesco.org\/gem-report\/taxonomy\/term\/209\r\n[42] httpp\/\/www.documents.worldbank.org\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Vanity Mugob Nshukwi, Titanji Peter Fon, Joseph Besong Besong &#8220;A Review of Women and Leadership in Tertiary Education in Cameroon: Adversities and Implications for Productivity&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume 4 issue 11, pp.01-12 November 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/01-12.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/01-12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-review-of-women-and-leadership-in-tertiary-education-in-cameroon-adversities-and-implications-for-productivity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Review of Women and Leadership in Tertiary Education in Cameroon: Adversities and Implications for Productivity<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162bd99 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"162bd99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162bf3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162bf3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162c1de\" data-id=\"162c1de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162c401 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162c401\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162e152 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162e152\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162e290 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162e290\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162e503\" data-id=\"162e503\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162e715 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162e715\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162e854 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162e854\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162eaf7\" data-id=\"162eaf7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162ecfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"162ecfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Study on the Conditions of Women Construction Workers in Guwahati<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Himadri Gogoi -November 2020 -Page No.: 13-22<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-162ee40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"162ee40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-162f0de\" data-id=\"162f0de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162f326 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"162f326\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The passion for this research stems from the desire to understand the position of women in the vulnerable parts of the informal economy. The study is predominantly based on women construction workers of Guwahati. The construction industry and its biasness along gender lines is something which is very much prevalent and needs continuous research. This research explores around the social security, working conditions and economic inequalities faced by the women construction workers. The research was demanding, but it has helped in discovering many different issues and perspectives on the topic.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 13-22\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 November 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Himadri Gogoi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nTata Institute of Social Science, Guwahati, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Agarwala, R. (2007). Resistance and Compliance in the Age of Globalization: Indian Women and Labor Organizations. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 610,NAFTA and Beyond: Alternative Perspectives in the Study of Global Trade and Development (Mar., 2007), 143-15. Sage Publications, Inc. in association with the American Academy of Political and Social Science.\r\n[2] Baruah, B. (2010). Women and Globalisation: Challenges and Opportunities Facing Construction Workers in Contemporary India. Development in Practice, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Feb., 2010), 31-44. Taylor &amp; Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Oxfam GB.\r\n[3] Bhowmik, S. (2012). Industry, Labour and Society. Orient Black Swan.\r\n[4] Breman, J. (1996). Footloose labour working in India\u2019s informal economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[5] Dalmia, A. J. (2012). Strong Women, Weak Bodies, Muted Voices women construction workers in Delhi. Economic and Political Weekly VOL XLVII Nos 26&amp;27\r\n[6] Devi, K., &amp; Kiran U.V. (2013). Status of Female Workers in the Construction Industry of India: A Review. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSRJHSS)Volume 14, Issue 4 (Sep-Oct 2013, 27-30.\r\n[7] Geetika, Gupta, A. &amp; Singh, T. (2011). Women Working in Informal Sector in India: A saga of Lopsided Utilization of Human Capital. 2011 International Conference on Economics and Finance Research IPEDR vol.4 (2011), 534-538. Singapore: IACSIT Press.\r\n[8] Hart, K. (1973). Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol, 11, No. 1, (Mar., 1973), 61-89. Cambridge University Press.\r\n[9] Kabeer, N. (2010). Gender &amp; Social Protection Strategies in the Informal Economy. New Delhi: Routledge.\r\n[10] Kalpagam, U. (2011). Gender and Development in India. Jaipur, Rajasthan: Rawat Publications.\r\n[11] Kaveri, M.S. (1995). Construction Workers, Unionisation and Gender: A Study of Tamil Nadu Construction Workers\u2019 Union. In C. Joseph and K.V. Eswara Prasad (Eds.), Women, Work and Inequity (pp. 65-106). New Delhi: National Labour Institute.\r\n[12] Kumar M, D. (2013). Inimitable Issues of Construction Workers: Case Study. British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences April 2013, Vol. 7 (2), 42-53.\r\n[13] Minimum Wages in Assam w.e.f. June 1, 2018. Retrieved March, 2019 from\r\nhttps:\/\/paycheck.in\/salary\/minimumwages\/assam\r\n[14] Mohapatra, K. (2012). Women Workers in Informal Sector in India: Understanding the Occupational Vulnerability. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol.2 No. 21, 197-207.\r\n[15] Pattanaik, B.K. (2009). Young migrant construction workers in the unorganised urban sector. South Asia Research Vol. 29 (1), 19\u201340. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.\r\n[16] The Building and Other Construction Workers\u2019 ( Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1996. Retrieved January, 2019, from\r\nhttps:\/\/maitri.mahaonline.gov.in\/pdf\/building-and-other-construction-workers-act-1996.pdf\r\n[17] WEIGO (Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing). Women in India\u2019s Construction Industry. Retrieved February, 2019, from\r\nhttp:\/\/www.wiego.org\/informal-economy\/women-india%E2%80%99s-construction-industry\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Himadri Gogoi, &#8220;A Study on the Conditions of Women Construction Workers in Guwahati&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume 4 issue 11, pp.13-22 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/13-22.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/13-22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-study-on-the-conditions-of-women-construction-workers-in-guwahati\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Study on the Conditions of Women Construction Workers in Guwahati<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1630e0c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1630e0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1630f9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1630f9d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1631244\" data-id=\"1631244\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1631464 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1631464\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-163159c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"163159c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-163182e\" data-id=\"163182e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1631a48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1631a48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Adequacy of School Resources and infrastructure in relation to Pupils\u2019 Performance in English subject at Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Examination.<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Wandera N. Susan, Professor Winston Jumba Akala, Dr. Rosemary Khitieyi Imonje November 2020 Page No.: 23-29<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1631b95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1631b95\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1631e2c\" data-id=\"1631e2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16320ae elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16320ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2321\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">School resources and infrastructure are very essential to the learning and teaching process. In exploring level of learner performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Examinations, learning resources and school infrastructure is one of major indicators of the level of preparedness for enhancing learner performance. The study determined the relation of the adequacy of school resources and infrastructure on learner performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Examination (KCPE) in English subject in public primary schools in Kenya. The study used descriptive survey design using purposive sampling technique. This enabled the study capture how levels of adequacy of school resources and infrastructure relate to learner performance in National Examination public primary schools in Machakos County. The unit of analysis was Public primary schools. The County has 842 Government run public primary schools out of which 86 schools were studied. Data was collected using observation schedules and questionnaires. Respondents were teachers who teach English subject. Study found that availability and usage of teaching and learning resources averaging 65 % and availability\/adequacy and usage of school infrastructure averaging 60 % to correspond to learner performance scores in KCPE.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 23-29\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 November 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2322\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2322\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wandera N. Susan Imonje<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Administration and Planning, School of Education, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197- 00100 Nairobi Kenya.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Professor Winston Jumba Akala<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Administration and Planning, School of Education, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197- 00100 Nairobi Kenya.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Rosemary Khitieyi Imonje<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Administration and Planning, School of Education, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197- 00100 Nairobi Kenya.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2323\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2323\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Best, J &amp; Kahn, J. (1992). Research in Education, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India\r\n[2] Chang, B.B. (2009). Cognitive Load Theory: An Empirical Study of Anxiety and Task Performance in Language Learning. Taipei: Takming University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.\r\n[3] Charles, F.B. and Coombs, P.H. (2010). The World Educational Crisis: A System Analysis. New York University Press.\r\n[4] Gannicott, K. &amp; Throsby, B (1996). Education for 21st Century issues and prospects contributions to the work of the international commission on education for twenty first century chaired by Jacques Delovs, Washington, UNESCO publishing.\r\n[5] Glewwe et al. (2010): What works to improve the quality of student learning in developing countries? International Journal of Educational Development: Volume 48, May 2016, pages 53-65.\r\n[6] Johnson, R. B., &amp; Christensen, L. B. (2004). Educational Research Quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches. Boston MA: Allyn and Bacon.\r\n[7] Kapoli, J. I. (2001). The impact of English language as a medium of instruction on the training and performance of secretaries Dar es Salaam\r\n[8] Levacic, R. &amp; Vignoles, A. (2005). Researching the links between school resources and student outcomes in the UK: A review of issues and evidence; Education Economics, 10 (3), 312-331.\r\n[9] Maicibi, N. A. (2002). \u201cThe Need to Reform the Management of Education in Nigeria\u201d: Journal of Educational Management and Planning (JEMP)\r\n[10] Ministry of Education (2017). Report of the Directory of quality assurance and standards on 2016 KCPE Examinations, Nairobi\r\n[11] MoSEST (2004). Primary Teacher Education Syllabus: volume 1 and 2 Publisher Nairobi Kenya National Bureau of Statistics\r\n[12] Nyamubi, G. J. (2003). The Influence of Motivation on Secondary School Students\u2019 Performance in English Language. www.ijiter.org\r\n[13] Quadri, K., Ogunjide, J.A., Oladejo, M.A. (2003). School Organization and Classroom Management: Theory of Practice Oyo: Tobistic Printing and Publishing Ventures (3) pp. 36 \u2013 41.\r\n[14] Schreiber J., &amp; Asner-Self, K. (2011). Educational research; The Interrelationships of questions, sampling, design and analysis; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley\r\n[15] Slavin, R.E. (2010). A Synthesis of Research on Language of Reading Instruction for English Language Learners; Review of Educational Research, 75(2), 247 \u2013 254.\r\n[16] Teachers Service Commission (TSC, 2007). 10 key policies, teachers Image. Quarterly Magazine.\r\n[17] The KNEC (2017). 2016 KCPE Examination Performance Audit Report www.knec.ac.ke.\r\n[18] UNESCO (2000). Dakar Framework for Action, Education for all; Meeting the collective commitments Dakar Senegal, Paris Text adapted by the World Education forum\r\n[19] UNESCO (2005). EFA Global Monitoring Report: The Quality Imperative Paris\r\n[20] UNESCO (2010). Education for All Global Monitoring Report: reaching the marginalized htpp:\/\/hdl.voced.edu.au\/10707\/1915\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2324\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2324\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wandera N. Susan, Professor Winston Jumba Akala, Dr. Rosemary Khitieyi Imonje, &#8220;Adequacy of School Resources and infrastructure in relation to Pupils\u2019 Performance in English subject at Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Examination&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume 4 issue 11, pp.23-29 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/23-29.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2325\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2325\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/23-29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2326\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2326\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/adequacy-of-school-resources-and-infrastructure-in-relation-to-pupils-performance-in-english-subject-at-kenya-certificate-of-primary-education-examination\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adequacy of School Resources and infrastructure in relation to Pupils\u2019 Performance in English subject at Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Examination<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1634ccb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1634ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1634e88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1634e88\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-163516a\" data-id=\"163516a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-163aa24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"163aa24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-163ac0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"163ac0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-163af5c\" data-id=\"163af5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-163b1ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"163b1ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Risk Response Planning on Completion of Women Groups Projects In Katulani Ward, Kitui County<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Munyungu Faith Kavuli, Dr. Caleb Kirui- November 2020 Page No.: 30-33<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-163b30c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"163b30c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-163b5ee\" data-id=\"163b5ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-163b86d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"163b86d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2331\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2332\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2333\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2334\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2335\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2336\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2331\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2331\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study sought to establish the effect of risk response planning on completion of women group projects in Katulani Ward, Kitui County. The research adopted a descriptive research design. Primary data for the study was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The target population was 8 women Self Help Groups namely; Neema self-help group, Muuo self-help group, Mutethya self-help group, Woni self-help group, Wendo self-help group, Usenyo self-help group, Amani self-help group and Mumo self-help group comprising of 583 management staff and beneficiaries. A stratified sample of 30 percent was carried out which generated 175 respondents. Validity and reliability were carried out to test the accuracy and consistency of the research instruments. Quantiative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and presented in terms of tables. Multiple regression analysis was done to establish the effect of risk response planning on project completion. The study found that risk response planning positively and significantly influenced the completion of women group projects in Katulani Ward, Kitui County. The study concluded that risk response planning helps in the development of the procedures and techniques to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to the project&#8217;s objectives. They help in reducing the effect or probability of the identified or even the unidentified risks. The study recommended that the women groups in Katulani Ward should assign individuals who will be responsible for each risk and generate a response that can be used for each risk.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 30-33\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 November 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2332\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2332\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Munyungu Faith Kavuli<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Management Science, School of Business, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Munyungu Faith Kavuli, Dr. Caleb Kirui<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Management Science, School of Business, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2333\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2333\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Carstens, D. S., Richardson, G. L., &amp; Smith, R. B. (2016). Project management tools and techniques: A practical guide. CRC Press\r\n[2] Demirkesen, S., &amp;Ozorhon, B. (2017). Impact of integration management on construction project management. International Journal of Project Management, 35(8), 1639-1654\r\n[3] Flouris, T. G., &amp; Lock, D. (2016). Managing Aviation Projects from Concept to Completion. Routledge.\r\n[4] Hidding, G. J., &amp; Nicholas, J. M. (2017). A new way of thinking about IT project management practices: Early empirical results. Journal of Organisational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 27(1), 81-95\r\n[5] Hulett, D., (2016). Practical schedule risk analysis. Routledge.\r\n[6] Hwang, B. G., &amp; Ng, H. B. (2016). Project network management: risks and contributors from the viewpoint of contractors and sub-contractors. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 22(4), 631-648\r\n[7] Jarrow, R., (2017). The Economic Foundations of Risk Management: Theory, Practice, and Applications\r\n[8] Kerzner, H., &amp; Kerzner, H. R., (2017). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley &amp; Sons\r\n[9] Kerzner, H., (2018). Project management best practices: Achieving global excellence. John Wiley &amp; Sons\r\n[10] Kerzner, H., (2019). Using project management maturity model: strategic planning for project management. Wiley\r\n[11] Niazi, M., Mahmood, S., Alshayeb, M., Riaz, M. R., Faisal, K., Cerpa, N., &#8230; &amp; Richardson, I. (2016). Challenges of project management in global software development: A client-vendor analysis. Information and Software Technology, 80, 1-19\r\n[12] Nicholas, J. M., &amp; Steyn, H. (2017). Project management for engineering, business and technology. Routledge\r\n[13] Rabechini Junior, R., &amp; Monteiro de Carvalho, M. (2013). Understanding the impact of project risk management on project performance: An empirical study. Journal of technology management &amp; innovation, 8, 6-6.\r\n[14] Tahir, O., Tahir, I., &amp; Shujaat, S. (2017). Effects of Risk Response Planning on Project Completion in the Construction Industry of Pakistan. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Lancashire)\r\n[15] Teklemariam, M. A., &amp;Mnkandla, E. (2017). Software project risk management practice in Ethiopia. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 79(1), 1-14\r\n[16] Urba\u0144ski, M., Haque, A. U., &amp; Oino, I. (2019). The moderating role of risk management in project planning and project success: evidence from construction businesses of Pakistan and the UK. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 11(1), 23-35.\r\n[17] Williams, T., (2016). Identifying success factors in construction projects: A case study. Project Management Journal, 47(1), 97-112\r\n[18] Zhou, P. X., Zhang, G. M., &amp; Wang, J. (2017). Understanding the Key Risks in Construction Projects in China. International Journal of Project Management, 25, 601-614\r\n[19] Zwikael, O., &amp; Ahn, M. (2018). The effectiveness of risk management: an analysis of project risk planning across industries and countries. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 31(1), 25-37.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2334\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2334\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Munyungu Faith Kavuli, Dr. Caleb Kirui, &#8220;Effect of Risk Response Planning on Completion of Women Groups Projects In Katulani Ward, Kitui County&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume 4 issue 11, pp.30-33 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/30-33.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2335\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2335\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/30-33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2336\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2336\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-risk-response-planning-on-completion-of-women-groups-projects-in-katulani-ward-kitui-county\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Risk Response Planning on Completion of Women Groups Projects In Katulani Ward, Kitui County<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1645af2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1645af2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1645d1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1645d1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1646010\" data-id=\"1646010\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1646245 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1646245\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-164638e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"164638e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-164666d\" data-id=\"164666d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16468f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16468f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Social Media Platforms and Examination Malpractice among Secondary School Students: The Possible Way Out<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Bello Alim Babi- November 2020 Page No.: 34-39<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1646a6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1646a6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-164993e\" data-id=\"164993e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1649c2a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1649c2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2331\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2332\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2333\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2334\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2335\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2336\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2331\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2331\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The pursuit of certificates and the behavioral issues in the society amidst poor performances are identified as some root causes of examination malpractice in Nigeria. The study revealed that issues of examination malpractice through social media platforms persists as a result of the escalation of mobile phones and tablets in the hands of students which enables them easy access to the internet and the modern social media platforms such as; Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp and so on. This paper essentially examined the relationship that exists between examination malpractice and the social media platforms. Descriptive method was used for data collection with the aid of simple percentage and content analysis. A total of 5 teachers out of 52 teachers were selected as the respondents in the study. This represented 19.2% of the teachers\u2019 sample. A total number of 5 teachers and a total number of 180 students out of 1800 senior secondary three students in public schools were selected which constituted 10% of the students\u2019 sample, by means of random sampling technique from five (5) secondary schools in Yola \u2013 North local government council of Adamawa state, Nigeria. The paper found that the relationship that exists between examination malpractice and the social media platforms include the use of WhatsApp which makes students vulnerable to examination malpractice. The paper recommended among others that; examination malpractice should be discouraged by seizing the students\u2019 internet and social media access during examination periods.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 34-39\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 November 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2332\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2332\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Bello Alim Babi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nGeneral Studies Department, School of Administrative and Business Studies, Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2333\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2333\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adedeji, T. (2011). Technology (Social Media) as Bane of NigerianYouths. Naira notes.Wordpress.com \/2011\/11\/21\/technology-social-media-as-abane-of-the-NigerianYouth. Retrieved 13\/5\/2012.\r\n[2] Ahmad, S. (2011). YouTube usage and behaviour change among Nigerian university students in Journal of education and sociology, Vol.4 (2), pp. 32-42\r\n[3] Asante-Kyei, K., &amp; Nduro, K. (2014). Inclining factors towards examination malpractice among students in Takoradi Polytechnic, Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(22), 1-9.\r\n[4] Ayodele F (2014) Examination Malpractices in Nigeria; Issues arising and way forward. Education Studies Journal Vol.1 No 1 Pp 62-80.\r\n[5] Akaneme, I. N., Ibenegbu, C. I. &amp; Nwosu, E. N. (2013). Adolescents and use of social networking sites.Golden Research Thought-International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(5), 1-5\r\n[6] Barker, Adam. ( 2013). Phishing Scams Continue to Plague Social Media Sites. Wise Bread.Retrieved April 22, 2011, from World Wide Web.\r\n[7] Badejo, A.O., &amp; Gandonu, M. B. (2010). Predisposing factors towards examination malpractice among students in Lagos Universities: Implications for counselling. Edo Journal of Counselling, 3(2), 197-209.\r\n[8] Bello, A. A. (2012). Effects of social networking on Nigerian youths\/ students Nigeriaobservernews.com\/2602212\/Sundayobserver features.html.(Retrieved12\/0720 12).\r\n[9] Collins, R. L., Martino, S. C., &amp; Shaw, R. (2011). Influence of new media on adolescent sexual health: evidence and opportunities, working paper WR-761.Retrieved on march 14, 2014 from U.S. Department of Health and Human services website: http:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/hsp\/11\/adolescentsexual activity\/newmedialitrev\/index.pdf.\r\n[10] Ekpoimo, O., (2014). Technology can help fight hunger. The Communication Actor. Journal of Nigeria Communication Commission,(NCC).\r\n[11] Itodo, D.S. (2011). Nigeria: Youths and Social Networking Obsession. AllAfrica.com\/stories \/201101403776.html.\r\n[12] Idankwo, N.M. (2011). The use of social media among Nigerian youth www.slideshare.net\/goldlami\/the-use-of-social-media-networks (Retrieved 26\/7\/2012)\r\n[13] Juwah, E., (2014). Juwah Attributes of Rapid Growth to Telecom Act, The commune Actor, Journal of Nigeria Communities\r\n[14] Khan, I, Khan, M. J. &amp; Khan, J. (2012) Teachers\u2019 perception regarding malpractices used inexaminations in urban areas of District Peshawar University of Peshawar, Pakistan:Munich Personal RePEC Archive\r\n[15] Kuss, D. J. &amp; Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction-a review of thepsychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research And PublicHealth 8(9), 3528-3552.\r\n[16] Mashable (2015). Social networking. Retrieved from www.mashabel.com\/social networking on 19th June, 2015\r\n[17] Osarumwense, J. (2015) Examination Malpractices in Benin, BJA Vol.2 No 3 pp 22-34.\r\n[18] Ogbevoen, L. (2013). The social impact of social networking, Retrieved from http\/\/ social impact of social networking on 12\/3\/2014\r\n[19] Wang, Q., Chen, W. and Liang, Y (2011). The Effects of Social Media on College Students MBA Student Scholarship, Retrieved February 27th, 2013 fromhttp:\/\/scholarsarchive.jwu.edu\/mba-student\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2334\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2334\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bello Alim Babi, &#8220;The Social Media Platforms and Examination Malpractice among Secondary School Students: The Possible Way Out&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.34-39 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/34-39.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2335\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2335\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/34-39.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2336\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2336\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-social-media-platforms-and-examination-malpractice-among-secondary-school-students-the-possible-way-out\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Social Media Platforms and Examination Malpractice among Secondary School Students: The Possible Way Out<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-164afc2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"164afc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-164b0b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"164b0b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-164b243\" data-id=\"164b243\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-164b374 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"164b374\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-164b416 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"164b416\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-164b56a\" data-id=\"164b56a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-164b674 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"164b674\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-164b71c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"164b71c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-164b862\" data-id=\"164b862\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-164b975 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"164b975\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-164ba15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"164ba15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-164bb85\" data-id=\"164bb85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-164bc9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"164bc9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Analysis of the Influence of Information Technology and Procurement Process on Performance of NHIF, In Western Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Patrick Opondo, Ibrahim Makina- November 2020 Page No.: 40-46<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-164bd3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"164bd3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-164bed4\" data-id=\"164bed4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-164c049 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"164c049\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2331\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2332\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2333\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2334\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2335\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2336\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2331\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2331\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">:Some organizations have implemented e-procurement technologies and succeed whereas others have failed to adopt the system after implementation with devastating consequences. E-procurement refers to use of internet-based systems to carry out procurement processes including research, sourcing, negotiations, ordering, receipts and post purchase reviews. Therefore, this study sought to establish the influence of information technology and procurement process on performance of National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF). The study targeted 154 employees and a sample size of 57 employees filled the questionnaires. The study area was three counties in western Kenya. Exploratory research design was used. Multiple regression was used to analyze results. Results revealed that information technology has positive and significant influence on performance (\u03b2 = 0.529; p&lt;.05). The study provides valuable information to the management of National Hospital Insurance fund who shall be able to develop interventions on information and communication technology Management will also be able to facilitate the integration of the procurement system in various department of the organization.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 40-46\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 November 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2332\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2332\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> <span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Patrick Opondo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nJaramogi Oginga Odinga, University of Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ibrahim Makina<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKisii University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2333\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2333\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Antonio. (2004). A conceptual model for assessing the impact of electronic procurement. European Journal of Purchasing &amp; Supply Management, 8(1), 25-33.\r\n[2] Assar. (2011). Supply management and e-procurement: creating value added in the supply . Journal of Management, 23-25.\r\n[3] Auditor General Report. (2014). Status of Audited Government Agencies and County Government. Nairobi: Government Printers.\r\n[4] Baily, P. (2014). procurement principles and management. prentice hall financoial times, 394.\r\n[5] Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., Jessop, D., &amp; Jonnes, D. (2008). Procurement Principle and Supply Chain. .\r\n[6] Barngetuny. (2015). Effects of e-procurement on supply chain management performance. International academic journal of procurement and supply chain management.\r\n[7] Basheka, B. C., Mubangizi, B., Mathebula, F. M., &amp; Phago, K. (2009). What constrains a transformed public service in Uganda. Kampala.\r\n[8] Beauvallet, &amp; Michon. (2011). &#8220;Successful use of e-procurement in supply chains&#8221;, Supply Chain Management: ,. An International Journal, 122 &#8211; 133.\r\n[9] Blair. (2010). The problem of discussions with tenders under the EC procurement directives: the current law and the case of reform. Private Procurement Law Review, 7(3), 65-82.\r\n[10] Boakye, D., Artoful, P., Owusu, I., Nyaning, S., Boateng, D., &amp; Abunyewa, D. (2013). Assessmet of procurement process and its challenges in the public sector (A case Study of Kumasi Polytechnic). Christian Service University.\r\n[11] Brandon. (2008). Challenges of Logistics and procurement; Port Management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 105-111.\r\n[12] Brown. (2005). \u201cState and local e-government: prospects and challenges,\u201d ,. The American Review of Public Administration, (33) 20-45.\r\n[13] Burns &amp; Grove. (2001). The practice of nursing research: Conduct, critique &amp; utilization. Philadelphia: 4th edition, WB Saunders Publishers.\r\n[14] Chang. (2012). Public Procurement in HongKong China: Re-engineering of Processes. International Journal of Management, (34) 55-58.\r\n[15] Cheptora, C. N. Osoro, A . &amp; Musau , G.E (2018) The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Procurement\r\n[16] Performance in Manufacturing Firms in Kenya International journal of Academic Research in Businesss and Social Science\r\n[17] Cooper &amp; Schindler . (2006). Business Research Methods. New York: 9th edition, McGraw-Hill.\r\n[18] Creswell. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches . New York: SAGE Publications.\r\n[19] Davilla, &amp; Aymard. (2002). A Study of the Value and Impact of B2B E-commerce: The Case of Web-Based Procurement&#8217;.. International Journal of Electronic Commerce,, 6(4): 19-40.\r\n[20] Donahue, J. (1989). The Privatization Decision: Private Ends, Private Means, Basic Books,. New York: NY Erridge.\r\n[21] Erick. (2006). An exploratory study of performance measurement systems and relationships with performance results. Journal of Operations Management, 22(3), 219-232.\r\n[22] European Union. (2003). Supply management and e-procurement: creating value added in the supply. European Union Journal, 80-85.\r\n[23] European Union. (2008). E-Procurement Implementation for accoutability and Transparency in the European Union. European Union Journal, 2-6.\r\n[24] Freund. (2006). Project Finance and Prospects for Infrastructure Development. International Journal of Project Management, 98-100.\r\n[25] Frost, J. (2013, July 1). How to interpret regression analysis results: P-values and coefficients. Retrieved from The Minitab Blog: http:\/\/blog.minitab.com\/adventures-in-statistics-2\/how-to-interpret-regression-analysis-results-p-values-and-coefficients\r\n[26] Greunen, V. D., Jin, H., Hu, B., &amp; Qiaohong, Z. (2010). adoption of regulation-based e-procurement in the Eastern Cape provincial administration. International Journal of Management, 11-14.\r\n[27] Guinipero, L. (2008). Using eprocurement applications to achieve integration: what role does firm size play?&#8221;. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal.\r\n[28] Hansen. (2009). E-procurement implementation in the public sector . International Journal of Management, 43-50.\r\n[29] Heller. (2007). E-Procurement Adoption By European Firms. European Union Journal, (III) 60-63.\r\n[30] Higgins. (2010). Financing Public Sector Projects. International Journal of Project Management, 76-88.\r\n[31] Kamau. (2004). Efficiency and Effectiveness of the procurement function. Retrieved from Procurement Processes and Performance: http:\/\/www.ippu.or.ug\/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task\r\n[32] Kauffman. (2001). \u201cInstituting e-procurement in the public sector,\u201d . Public Management Journal,, 21-25.\r\n[33] Kirkland. (2011). \u201cAn e-procurement system for governmental purchasing,\u201d . International Journal of Production Economics,, 79-102.\r\n[34] Kothari. (2004). Research Methods and Techniques. New Delhi: New Age.\r\n[35] Lancioni. (2007). The role of internet in supply chain management logistics catches up with strategy. Industrial Marketing Management,, 29(1), 45-56.\r\n[36] Loi, k. (2013, 03 04). the complete procure to pay cycle. Retrieved from procurify: https:\/\/blog.procurify.com\/2013\/04\/03\/the-complete-procure-to-pay-cycle\/\r\n[37] Macharia, N. W., Iravo, A .M., Ondabu, T .I . &amp; Ombui, K. (2015). Effects of Information Technology on Performance of Logistics Firms in Nairobi County\r\n[38] Mandy. (2012). Critical success factors for managing systems integration Information Systems Management Spring. . Journal of Management, 56-75.\r\n[39] Nelson. (2008). Challenges of E-Procurement Systems Development. International Journal of management, (46)75-86.\r\n[40] Neuman. (2005). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. New York, USA: 6th edition, Allyn&amp; Bacon.\r\n[41] Polit. (2006). Essentials of Nursing Research. Methods, Appraisal, and Utilization. Philadelphia USA: 6th ed Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.\r\n[42] Pressutti, D. (2003). Supply Management and e-procurement: Creating Value Added in the Supply Chain. Industrial Marketing Management, 32(3), 219-226.\r\n[43] Sang, K.C. (2016) . Effect of E- supply chain Process on Organization Performance of non-governmental organizations in Kericho, Kenya.\r\n[44] Strategic Journal of Business and Change Management. Vol. 3,No.4\r\n[45] Saunders. (2003). \u201cE-Procurement Pays Its Own Way: Strategic Sourcing and e-Procurement Transform Purchasing. International Journal , 67-70.\r\n[46] Schoenherr. (2007). Succesful use of e-procurement in supply chains.Supply chain management,. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 10(2), 122-133.scott. (2004).\r\n[47] Singh, Y. K. (2006). Fundamental of research methodology and statistics. New Delhi: NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS.\r\n[48] United Nations. (2011). Accountability and Transparency in Procurement. United Nations Journal of Develoment, 43-45.\r\n[49] Vane. (2009). \u201cAdoption of electronic commerce tools in business procurement: enhanced buying center structure and processes,\u201d , . Journal of Business &amp; Industrial Marketing, 151-166.\r\n[50] Veit, Possil, Senes, &amp; Rabl. (2011). Critical success factors for managing systems integration Information Systems Management Spring. Management Journal of Information Technology, 56-75.\r\n[51] Vidal. (2008). Manageing Public Sector Supply Chain Systems. Supply Chain Management Journal, 77-81.\r\n[52] Wawuda, J. &amp; Mwangangi, P.(2018). Influence of Information Communication Technology on Perfomance of Procurement among Parastatals in Kenya.International journal of Supply chain and Logistics\r\n[53] Weeks, M .P &amp; Namusonge, S. G. (2016). Influence of Information Technology Practices in Procurement on Organization Perfomance in Public Institutions Kenya International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management Vol. IV, Issue 5, May 2016\r\n[54] Wilbert. (2010). E-Procurement and it Streamlining effects in Supply Chain Systems. Journal of Management, (12) 32-35.\r\n[55] World Bank Report. (2003). Moving procurement systems to the internet: the adoption and use of e-Procurement technology models. European Management Journal, . World Bank Journal of Development, 21(1), 11-23.\r\n[56] Zakari, M. G. (2013). E-Procurement and Performance of Service Organizations in. European Journal of Business and Management, 5, 2222-2839.\r\n[57] Zikmund. (2009). Business Research Methods. New York, USA: 8th edition, South-Western College Publishing.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2334\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2334\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Patrick Opondo, Ibrahim Makina. &#8220;An Analysis of the Influence of Information Technology and Procurement Process on Performance of NHIF, In Western Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.40-46 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/40-46.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2335\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2335\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/40-46.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2336\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2336\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-analysis-of-the-influence-of-information-technology-and-procurement-process-on-performance-of-nhif-in-western-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Analysis of the Influence of Information Technology and Procurement Process on Performance of NHIF, In Western Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1655150 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1655150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1655248 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1655248\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16553eb\" data-id=\"16553eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-165551d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"165551d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16555c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16555c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1655724\" data-id=\"1655724\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1655834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1655834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16558db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16558db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1655a2d\" data-id=\"1655a2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1655b48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1655b48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1655be5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1655be5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1655d5c\" data-id=\"1655d5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1655e6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1655e6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Consequences of Defective Public Relation in Nigerian Special Libraries<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Angbande, Dennis P, James N. Mnguty\u00f4 &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 47-52<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1655f12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1655f12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1656077\" data-id=\"1656077\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16561ab elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16561ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2341\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2341\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2342\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2342\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2343\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2343\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2344\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2344\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2345\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2345\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2346\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2346\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2341\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2341\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2341\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Special libraries contribute significantly to national development. Unfortunately the connection between special libraries and national development has not been fully known and established for Nigeria and her institutions to understand due to defective public relations. The resultant effect has been unpalatable on Nigerian special libraries, Nigerian institutions and ultimately on national development. To address this, the paper examines the concepts of special libraries, national development, defective PR and went on to look at the relationship between special libraries and national development, and further discusses causes of defective public relation and the consequences on Nigerian special libraries and proffer the way forward and conclude that indeed defective PR has given Nigerian special libraries a neglected, undervalued, underfunded misconceived, misconstrued, misrepresented image among other effects such as lack of attention and so on that result to poor information resources and information services. Though surmountable, the task is her culean and the way forward among other things include building image of library, possession of higher qualifications; development of research and presentationskillswhich must start now as Nigerian society seeks accelerated national development.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 47-52\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2342\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2342\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2342\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Angbande, Dennis P<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity Library and Information Services, Benue State University, Makurdi\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>James N. Mnguty\u00f4<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Library and Information Science,Benue State University, Makurdi\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2343\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2343\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2343\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Afolabi, O.A. (2009). Keynote Address presented at the opening ceremony of the 2nd heads of libraries National workshop at Kaduna State University, Kaduna, 13th -15thOctober.\r\n[2] Aguolu, C.C. &amp; I.E. Aguolu (2002).Libraries and Information Management Seminar Essays on Themes and Problems. Maiduguri, Nigeria: EDLform services.\r\n[3] Ahmed, D. (2009). Repositioning the library for National Development: Policy, culture and Ethical Issues. A paper presented at 2nd heads of libraries National workshop held at Kaduna State University, Kaduna, 13th \u2013 15thOctober.\r\n[4] Dike, V. W.(2000). More than computers; information technology in library and information science education in Nigeria; papers presented at the 10 Biennial conference of the National Association of Library and Information Science Educators.\r\n[5] Edoka, B.E. (2000). Introduction to Library Science. Onitsha: Palma.\r\n[6] Hameed, A.B. (ND). Use of Library: Essential Manual for Beginners. Ibadan: Akacom.\r\n[7] Ikpaahindi,L.N.(2009).Issues of library Development in Nigeria presented at the 2nd heads of librarians National Workshop organized by Nigerians Library Association in collaboration with the centre for leveraging information for productivity, in Kaduna State University, Kaduna, 13th -15th October.\r\n[8] Israel, O. (2012). Public Relations Activities in an Academic Library: The Roles of the Reference Librarian. International Journal of Library Science, 1(2): 38-42DOI: 10.5923\/j.library.20120102.04.\r\n[9] Longman (2001).Longman Dictionary of contemporary English. U.K.: Longman\r\n[10] Mnguty\u00f4, J.N. &amp; Tarbo,T. (2020).Advocacy and Lobbying as public Relations Instruments for Repositioning the Image of Special libraries in Nigeria Benue .Journal of Library, Management and Information Science (BJLMIS),10,(1):135-148.\r\n[11] Mnguty\u00f4, J.N.&amp; Ngushin, R.T. (2018). Information Literacy Skills Requirement of Special library Staff for National Development in Nigeria Benue. Journal of Library, Management and Information Science (BJLMIS),8(1):67-82.\r\n[12] Mnguty\u00f4, J.N.;Angbande,D.P.&amp; Gbuushi, J.A.(2020). Engaging Government in Library Services for Sustainable National Development:The case of public library and Information Systems in Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science,4(9):70-74.\r\n[13] Mnguty\u00f4,J.N. &amp; Ngushin, R.T.(2015). Implications of unprofessional conducts in librarianship in Nigeria. International Center for Science, Humanities and Education Research,1(3):155-162.\r\n[14] Ochogwu, M. G. (2007). The Internalities and Externalities of Library and Information Delivery Services in Nigeria in the year 2015.Nigerian libraries, Vol. 40 P.\r\n[15] Ode, E.O &amp;Omokaro, D.A (2007).Basic Principles and Practice of Librarianship Makurdi: Oracle Business Ltd.\r\n[16] Reitz, J. (2005). Dictionary of library and Information science Westport, Connecticut: Libraries Unlimited.\r\n[17] Shidi, J.H., Aju, D. &amp; Ashaver, D (2014). Types of Libraries and their Functions In Aju, D.&amp;Karim, U.(Eds.) Groundwork on the use of library, study skills and information communication Technology, Makurdi: Midan.\r\n[18] Shidi,J. &amp; Sambe, T.(2019).Public relations and publicity in Libraries and Information Centers. Makurdi: Nats.\r\n[19] Uganneya,S. &amp;Agoh,J. (2012). Librarianship for Higher Education Students. Makurdi: Glory Ikani.\r\n[20] World Book,(2002).World Book Encyclopaedia,vol.15,Part 3, World Book Inc,ScottFetzer Co., Chicago,IL, p.868.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2344\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2344\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2344\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Angbande, Dennis P, James N. Mnguty\u00f4 &#8220;Consequences of Defective Public Relation in Nigerian Special Libraries&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.47-52 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/47-52.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2345\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2345\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2345\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/47-52.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2346\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2346\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2346\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/consequences-of-defective-public-relation-in-nigerian-special-libraries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Consequences of Defective Public Relation in Nigerian Special Libraries<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-166322d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"166322d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1663408 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1663408\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1663707\" data-id=\"1663707\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1663972 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1663972\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1663ae2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1663ae2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16694cc\" data-id=\"16694cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16697b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16697b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-166994f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"166994f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1669d44\" data-id=\"1669d44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1669fa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1669fa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-166a112 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"166a112\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-166a3f0\" data-id=\"166a3f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-166a645 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"166a645\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-166a7af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"166a7af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-166aa4f\" data-id=\"166aa4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-166acae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"166acae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-166ae00 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"166ae00\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-166b0c9\" data-id=\"166b0c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-166b305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"166b305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-166b43b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"166b43b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-166b724\" data-id=\"166b724\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-166b937 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"166b937\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effectiveness of the Inclusion of Teachers with Disabilities in the Teaching and Learning Situation in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province Schools <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Benny Chitsa PhD, Grace Moyo- November 2020 Page No.: 53-58<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-166ba85 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"166ba85\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-166bd91\" data-id=\"166bd91\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1678516 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1678516\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2351\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2351\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2352\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2352\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2353\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2353\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2354\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2354\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2355\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2355\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2356\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2356\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2351\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2351\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2351\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study sought to establish the effectiveness of the inclusion of teachers with physical disabilities in the teaching and learning situation in Bulawayo Metropolitan province schools. It was guided by the theoretical framework of Bronfenbrenner\u2019s social ecological systems theory. The mixed methods approach with case study were used to enable an in-depth exploration of purposively snowballed Bulawayo Metropolitan province schools. Questionnaire and interview were employed for generating interim and thematic analyzed data. This study revealed that teachers with disabilities were given minimal opportunities by schools thereby affecting their inclusion and effective curriculum implementation. Negative attitude, limited teaching aids, lack of funds and discrimination, stereotyping and stigmatization were some of the main challenges diluted the effectiveness of the inclusion of teachers with disabilities in the teaching and learning situation in schools. The study recommended that there is need for the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to revise and review the education policy on the inclusion of teachers with disabilities in the teaching and learning and provide clear guidelines on how to accommodate them. It is recommended that there is need to cultivate and nurture positive attitudes towards the inclusion of teachers with disabilities to stakeholders such as school Heads, teachers without physical disabilities, students and parents in order to achieve the effective inclusion of teachers with disabilities in Zimbabwean schools. There is need for the teachers with disabilities to be given due recognition and equal rights in accessing all school facilities to achieve their effective inclusion in the teaching and learning situation. .<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 53-58\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2352\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2352\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2352\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Benny Chitsa PhD<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZimbabwe Open University; Department of Psychology\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Grace Moyo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCandidate PhD with UNISA; Department of Psychology\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2353\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2353\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2353\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Babbie, ER. (2009) The practice of social research. 9th edition. Belmont: Wadsworth.\r\n[2]. Bowman, C. A., Barr, K., Ford, K., McCracken, N and McCullum-Clark, k and Jaeger, P. T (2018) The Relationship of Disability Rights Laws to Education Majors and Teachers with Disabilities. CEE Commission on Teachers with Disabilities. http:\/\/www.ncte.org\/library\/NCTEFiles\/\r\n[3]. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2016) U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2016-17 Edition, Postsecondary Teachers, http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/ooh\/education-training-and-library\/home.htm\r\n[4]. Chataika, T (2007) Inclusion of Disabled students in Higher education in Zimbabwe: From Idealism to Reality \u2013 A social Ecosystem perspective. University of Sheffield.\r\n[5]. Chinyoka, K. (2013). Psychosocial effects of poverty on the academic performance of the girl child in Zimbabwe. Doctoral thesis published online http:\/\/uir.unisa.ac.za\/bitstream\/handle\/\r\n[6]. Creswell, J. W. (2007) Qualitative enquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches. 2nd Ed. London: Sage.\r\n[7]. Crowe, S., Cresswell, K., Robertson, A., Huby, G., Avery, A., and Sheikh, A. (2011). The case study approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1), 100-109.\r\n[8]. Donald, D., Lazarus, S. &amp;Lolwana, P. (2010). Educational Psychology in social context: Ecosystem applications in Southern Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.\r\n[9]. Elman, C., Gerring, J., and Mahoney, J. (2016). Case Study Research: Putting the Quant Into the Qual. Sociological Methods &amp; Research, 45(3), 375-391.\r\n[10]. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2005) Disability-related inquiries and medical examinations of employees under the ADA. http:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/policy\/docs\/guidance-inquiries.html\r\n[11]. Ferri, B. A.; Keefe, C. H and Gregg, N (2002) Teachers with Disabilities.The ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education http:\/\/www.ncte.org\/inbox\/\r\n[12]. Freeman, M., Baumann, A., Fisher, A., Blythe, J., and Akhtar-Danesh, N. (2012). Case study methodology in nurse migration research: An integrative review. Applied Nursing Research: ANR, 25(3), 222-228.\r\n[13]. Gibbert, M., and Ruirok, W. (2010). The \u201cWhat\u201d and \u201cHow\u201d of Case Study Rigor: Three Strategies Based on Published Work. Organizational Research Methods, 13(4), 710-737.\r\n[14]. Gida, P., and Ortlepp, K. (2007). Employment of people with disabilities: Implications for HR management practices. ActaCommercii, 7, 135-150.\r\n[15]. Gowan, N. J. (2010). HR manager\u2019s guide to managing disability in the workplace (1st Ed.). Toronto: Thomson Reuters.\r\n[16]. Guimaraes, B. B., Martins, L. B., and BarkokebasJr, B. (2012). Issues concerning scientific production of including people with disabilities at work. Work, 41, 4722-4728.\r\n[17]. Johnson, R. B. and Christensen, L. (2014) Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches. 5th Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.\r\n[18]. Lepkowska, D (2012) Where are the disabled teachers? West Sussex\r\n[19]. Li, Y., &amp; Goldschmidt, J. (Eds.). (2009). Taking employment discrimination seriously:\r\n[20]. Chinese and European perspectives. Boston, MA: MaritinusNijhoff Publishers.\r\n[21]. Magot, D (2018) Meet South Sudan\u2019s extraordinary blind man. Sudan Article\r\n[22]. Ofuani, A. I. (2011). The right to economic empowerment of persons with disabilities in Nigeria:\r\n[23]. How enabled? African Human Rights Law Journal, 11(2), 639-658.\r\n[24]. Panick, H. C (2017) High School Teacher is determined to not be disabled after she accepts another teaching position. http:\/\/www.jacksonlewis.com\r\n[25]. Smith, D. J (2000) A Visually Impaired Teacher&#8217;s Internship. Alberta Journal of Educational Research; v46 n2 p167-78\r\n[26]. Sokal, L., Woloshyn, D., and Wilson, A. (2017). Pre-service Teachers with Disabilities:\r\n[27]. Challenges and Opportunities for Directors of Student Teaching in Western Canada. The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 8 (3). http:\/\/ir.lib.uwo.ca\/cjsotl_rcacea\/\r\n[28]. Tambala, C (2016) \u201cTeacher training for the deaf: A first for Zimbabwe\u201d weekly Harare Newsletter. http:\/\/www.hararenews.co.zw\r\n[29]. Valle, J., Solis, S., Volpitta, D., &amp;Commor, D. (2004). The disability closet: Teachers with learning disabilities evaluate the risks and benefits of \u201ccoming out\u201d. Equity and Excellent in Education, 37(1), 4-17. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/\r\n[30]. Van Niekerk, Z., and Van der Merwe, J. (2013). Participation opportunities for persons with disabilities in training interventions in the dti and CIPRO. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 1-12.\r\n[31]. Whetzel, M.; Goddard, T.M.; and Mathess, L. (2016) Occupation and Industry Series: Accommodating Educators with Disabilities\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2354\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2354\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2354\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Benny Chitsa PhD, Grace Moyo, &#8220;Effectiveness of the Inclusion of Teachers with Disabilities in the Teaching and Learning Situation in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province Schools &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.53-58 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/53-58.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2355\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2355\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2355\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/53-58.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2356\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2356\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2356\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effectiveness-of-the-inclusion-of-teachers-with-disabilities-in-the-teaching-and-learning-situation-in-bulawayo-metropolitan-province-schools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effectiveness of the Inclusion of Teachers with Disabilities in the Teaching and Learning Situation in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province Schools<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1680c2f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1680c2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1680d59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1680d59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1680f07\" data-id=\"1680f07\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-168103d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"168103d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16810e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16810e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1681244\" data-id=\"1681244\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1681356 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1681356\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16813f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16813f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1681553\" data-id=\"1681553\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-168166d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"168166d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1681711 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1681711\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1681862\" data-id=\"1681862\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1681967 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1681967\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1681a1e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1681a1e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1681b6b\" data-id=\"1681b6b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1681cb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1681cb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1681d6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1681d6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-168bd33\" data-id=\"168bd33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-168bf62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"168bf62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-168c2ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"168c2ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-168c4dd\" data-id=\"168c4dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-168c668 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"168c668\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2361\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2361\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2362\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2362\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2363\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2363\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2364\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2364\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2365\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2365\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2366\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2366\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2361\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2361\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2361\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Facebook, the world\u2019s largest social media site of today\u2019s world is the new trendsetter on interpersonal communication, interaction, and socializing. It has changed the face of social relationships and has taken the socio-cultural settings into a new phase. This study investigates the impact of Facebook on students\u2019 academic, social behavior, privacy, and physical health. A sample of 223 questionnaires was collected from participants of 20-24 years of age. The findings emphasized that Facebook is used for recreation and relaxation, remaining updated about trends, and for socializing. Besides, there is no significant adverse impact on students\u2019 academic, social interactions, and physical health. Also, the study indicates that students are aware of how to safeguard their privacy and security virtually, which is a good sign.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 60-64\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2362\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2362\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2362\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> D. A. Akuratiya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, Department of Information Technology, ATI-Dehiwala, SLIATE, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> D. N. R. Meddage<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, Department of Information Technology, ATI-Dehiwala, SLIATE, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2363\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2363\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2363\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdulahi, A., Samadi, B., &amp; Gharleghi, B. (2014). A study of the negative effects of social networking sites such as facebook among Asia Pacific University scholars in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(10), 133-145.\r\n[2] Akubugwo, I. &amp; Burke, M. (2013). Influence of social media on social behaviour of post graduate students. A case study of Salford University, United Kingdom. Journal of Research &amp; Method in Education, 3(6), 39-43.\r\n[3] Al-Sharqi, L., Hashim, K., &amp; Kutbi, I. (2015). Perceptions of social media impact on students\u2019 social behavior: A comparison between Art and Science students. International Journal of Education and Social Science, 2(4), 122-131.\r\n[4] Al-Tarawneh, H. A. (2014). The influence of Social networks on students\u2019 performance. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Science, 5(3), 200-205.\r\n[5] Bargh, J.A., &amp; McKenna, K. Y. A. (2004). The internet and social life. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 573-590.\r\n[6] Clement, J. (2020, April 24). Global social networks ranked by number of users 2020. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/272014\/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users.\r\n[7] Dessler, G. (2008). Human Resource Management (8th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.\r\n[8] Facebook users in Sri Lanka (2020). Retrieved from napoleoncat.com\/stats\/facebook-users-in-sri_lanka\/2020\/03.\r\n[9] Jha, R. K., Shah, D. K., Basnet, S., Paudul, K. R., Sah, A. K., &amp; Adhikari, K. (2016). Facebook use and effects on the life of health science students in a private medical college of Nepal. BMC Research Notes, 9(378), 1-8. doi: 10.1186\/s13104-016-2186-0\r\n[10] Junco, R., Merson, D., &amp; Salter, D. W. (2010). The effect of gender, ethnicity, and income on college students\u2019 use of communication technologies. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(6), 619-627.\r\n[11] Kaya, T., &amp; Bicen, H. (2016). The effects of social media on students\u2019 behaviors: Facebook as a case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 374-379.\r\n[12] Khurana, N. (2015). The impact of social networking sites on the youth. Journal of Mass Communication &amp; Journalism, 5(12), 1-4. doi: 10-4172\/2165-7912.1000285\r\n[13] Lee, L., Chen, D., Li, J., &amp; Lin, T. (2015). Understanding new media literacy: the development of measuring instrument. Computers &amp; Education, 85, 84-93.\r\n[14] Miah, M., Omar, A., &amp; Golding, M. A. (2013). Effects of social networking on adolescent education. Information Systems Education Journal, 90-100. ISSN: 1546-679x\r\n[15] Navied, U., Rashid, N., &amp; Sultan, Q. (2017). Implication of facebook usage on social behavior of teenagers in public and private institutes of Lahore. Biomedia, 33(1), 14-19.\r\n[16] Rithika, M., &amp; Selvaraj, S. (2013). Impact of social media on student\u2019s academic performance. International Journal of Logistics &amp; Supply Chain Management Perspectives, 4(2), 636-640.\r\n[17] Wang, Q., Chen, W.R., &amp; Liang, Y. (2011). The effect of social media on college students. Johnson &amp; Wales University. Retrieved from https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/academia.edu.documents\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2364\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2364\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2364\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">D. A. Akuratiya, D. N. R. Meddage &#8220;Investigating the Impact of Facebook on Students\u2019 Social Behavior: SLIATE as a Case Study&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.60-64 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/60-64.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2365\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2365\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2365\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/60-64.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2366\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2366\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2366\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/investigating-the-impact-of-facebook-on-students-social-behavior-sliate-as-a-case-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Investigating the Impact of Facebook on Students\u2019 Social Behavior: SLIATE as a Case Study<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-168d88d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"168d88d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-168d9d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"168d9d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-168dbb1\" data-id=\"168dbb1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-168dd22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"168dd22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-168ddd4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"168ddd4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-168df42\" data-id=\"168df42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-168e067 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"168e067\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-168e118 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"168e118\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-168e274\" data-id=\"168e274\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-168e386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"168e386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-168e43c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"168e43c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-169dc65\" data-id=\"169dc65\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169de0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"169de0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-169ded6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"169ded6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-169e060\" data-id=\"169e060\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169e184 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"169e184\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-169e22d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"169e22d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-169e398\" data-id=\"169e398\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-169e543 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"169e543\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-169e862 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"169e862\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-169e9d5\" data-id=\"169e9d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169eb0b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"169eb0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2371\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2371\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2372\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2372\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2373\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2373\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2374\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2374\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2375\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2375\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2376\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2376\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2371\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2371\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2371\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The phenomenon of leadership is one of the most extensive social influence process known to human behavior. Any organisation, economic, political, business enterprise derives its continued existence from the successful guidance of human beings. This study was carried out to analyze the impact of leadership styles on teacher`s motivation in public secondary schools in Katagum local government area of Bauchi state. To achieve this objective, the researchers developed and administered a questionnaire on 100 teachers in public secondary schools in Katagum local government area of Bauchi state. Data analysis was made using Simple percentage, Mean and Standard deviation. It was recommended that further researches should be carried out on leadership styles and its effectiveness on teachers` efficiencies.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 65-68\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2372\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2372\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2372\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Gambo Alhaji Danladi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAminu Saleh College of Education, Azare Bauchi State of Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mohammed Kawu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAminu Saleh College of Education, Azare Bauchi State of Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2373\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2373\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2373\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adeyemi, T. O. (2004). Educational Administration: An Introduction. Ado &#8211; Ekiti: Green Line Publishers.\r\n[2] Adeyemi, T. O. (2006). Fundamentals of Educational Management. Lagos: Atlanta Associated Publishers, pp. 21-60.\r\n[3] Aghenta, J. A. (2000). Educational Planning in the 21st Century. Ondo: National Institute for Educational Planning and Administration, pp. 2-6.\r\n[4] Akinwumiju, J. A., &amp; Olaniyan. (1996). Supervision, Leadership and Administration: The Evasive Concept in Schools Management. Education in the Service of Humanity. Ibadan: Education Study and Research Group.\r\n[5] Alegheband, A. (1997). The Study of Relationship Between Supervision, Educational Philosophy and Their Practice. Tehran: Tehran Publishers Iran.\r\n[6] Chandan, J. S. (1987). Management Theory &amp; Practice. Newyork: Vikas Publishing House PVT LTD.\r\n[7] Douglas, L. M. (1996). The Effective Nurse Leader and Mnager. California: Addison Wisley.\r\n[8] Enaohwo, J. O., &amp; Eferakeya. (1989). Educational Administration. Ibadan: Paperbook Publishers Limited.\r\n[9] FGN. (2004). National Policy on Education. Abuja: FGN Publications.\r\n[10] Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed Properties: A New Architecture for Leadership Educational Management. Educational Management and Administration 28(3), 317-338.\r\n[11] House, R. J., &amp; Terrence, M. R. (1974). Path-Goal Theory of Leadership. Journal of Contemporary business, Vol. 5, pp. 81-97.\r\n[12] Ige, J. A. (2001). Teacher Data in Secondary Schools in Ekiti State. Speach Delievered by the Permanent Secretary at the Senior Staff Seminer (pp. 1-9). Ado-Ekiti: Ministry of Education.\r\n[13] Moore, C., &amp; Dainty. (2002). Competence and Competences: Performance Assessment in Organisations. Work Study 5(1), 314-319.\r\n[14] Okeniyi, C. M. (1995). Relationship Between Leadership Problems and School Performance in Oyo State Secondary Schools. University of Ibadan: Unpublished M.ed Thesis pp. 57 &#8211; 82.\r\n[15] Okumbe, J. A. (1998). Educational Management Theory: A Comparative Evolution to General Theory. Nairobi: Nairobi University Press.\r\n[16] Okurume, A. E. (2001). Principal and Public Relation Communication Perspectives. A Paper Presented at Workshop for Secondary Schools Principals 10th &#8211; 12th Feb., (pp. 9-18). Oyo.\r\n[17] Olaniyan, A. O. (1999). Principal Preparation Selection and Leadership Roles: Teachers and Teaching in Nieria. Benin: Fester Press LTD, PP 73-88.\r\n[18] Siskin, L. S. (1994). Realms of Knowledge: Academic Departments in Schools. Washington D.C: Falmer Press, pp 17-34.\r\n[19] Uji, O. (2009). Educational Research Methods. In Meekyan1992, NOUN EDU 702: Educational Research Method Course Material 2004 (pp. 64-102). Lagos Nigeria: National Open University Press.\r\n[20] UNESCO. (2006). Buildind on Progress: A Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to end Poverty. Evidence from Panel data American Economic Review, 94(2), 247 &#8211; 252: MoFED &#8211; Join KO\/Committee .\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2374\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2374\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2374\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gambo Alhaji Danladi, Mohammed Kawu &#8220;Impact of Leadership Styles on Teachers\u2019 Motivation in Public Secondary Schools in Katagum Local Government Area of Bauchi State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.65-68 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/65-68.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2375\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2375\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2375\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/65-68.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2376\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2376\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2376\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-leadership-styles-on-teachers-motivation-in-public-secondary-schools-in-katagum-local-government-area-of-bauchi-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Leadership Styles on Teachers\u2019 Motivation in Public Secondary Schools in Katagum Local Government Area of Bauchi State<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169f93f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"169f93f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-169fa65 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"169fa65\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-169fbf2\" data-id=\"169fbf2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169fd23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"169fd23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-169fdcb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"169fdcb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-169ff28\" data-id=\"169ff28\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16a003d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16a003d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16a00dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16a00dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16a022b\" data-id=\"16a022b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16a0332 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16a0332\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16a03ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16a03ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16a051a\" data-id=\"16a051a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ab294 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ab294\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ab3dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ab3dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16ab5b0\" data-id=\"16ab5b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ab6ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ab6ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ab79b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ab79b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16ab900\" data-id=\"16ab900\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16aba1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16aba1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ababd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ababd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16abc3a\" data-id=\"16abc3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16abd4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16abd4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of Digital Innovations in Information Management in Fostering Sustainable Development in Africa<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nyapela, Matthews Abijah &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 69-75<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16abdf9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16abdf9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16abf6e\" data-id=\"16abf6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ac0a7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16ac0a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2371\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2371\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2372\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2372\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2373\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2373\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2374\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2374\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2375\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2375\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2376\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2376\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2371\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2371\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2371\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Digital innovation in information management is an interdisciplinary program, which thoroughly blends together well-founded knowledge on the establishment and management of various systems of information alongside critical observation of the current digital innovation. Courtesy of fourth industrial revolution, the comprehensive achievement of these innovations will cause a dynamic and formidable boost in enhancing the achievement of the goals of the noble program for sustainable development in Africa. This sustainable development program in Africa is a global organization whose objectives include support to governments, scholarly institutions, local societies and businesses, for the purpose of enhancing and accelerating achievement of goals. The program\u2019s initiative constitutes of the seventeen (17) global goals for sustainable development (SDGs), which is a major portion in the broader 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that is born out of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). I hereby endeavor to elucidate on the role played by the innovated digital information management in fostering each of the SDGs in Africa. The purpose of this paper is to investigate, ascertain, examine, assess, evaluate and establish the role of digitally innovated information management in facilitating the achievement of each of the seventeen global goals for the full satisfaction of their subsequent objectives. The subsequent objective of this paper is to clearly mark and define particular areas of significance in each of the seventeen goals in this program that are facilitated and enhanced by innovated digital information management.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 69-75\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 November 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2372\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2372\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2372\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nyapela, Matthews Abijah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhd Student, Department of Library and Information Science, University of Nairobi\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2373\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2373\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2373\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Alcober, F. 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Retrieved from https:\/\/unctad.org\/meetings\/en\/SessionalDocuments\/ecn162013d2_en.pdf\r\n[25] United Nations. (2015). Sustainable development goals: Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. New York: The United Nations. Retrieved from https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/sdg7\r\n[26] United Nations. (2018). Sustainable development goals: Goal 1: Take Urgent Action to Combat Climate Change and its Impacts. New York: The United Nations. Retrieved from https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/sdg13\r\n[27] Villa, N. &amp; Mitchell, S. (2010). Connecting Cities: Achieving Sustainability through Innovation. Cisco White Paper. Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/dam\/en_us\/about\/ac79\/docs\/innov\/Connecting_Cities _Sustainability_Through_Innovation_IBSG_1021FINAL.pdf\r\n[28] Williams, T. (2019, March 20). How technology is helping to advance gender equality. Retrieved from https:\/\/women2.com\/2019\/03\/20\/technology-removing-gender- barriers\/\r\n[29] Wolf, F., Becker, V., Leal, W., Krint, J., Haselberger, J., &amp; Kowald, M., (2016). Sustainable energy generation and use in SIDS and beyond\u2014introducing the L3EAP online learning approach. Brazilian Journal of Science and Technology, 3(2). DOI 10.1186\/s40552-016-0021-8\r\n[30] Women 2000 and Beyond. (2005). Gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/daw\/public\/w2000-09.05-ict-e.pdf\r\n[31] World Bank. (2017). Population, total [Graph and data set, ID: SP.POP.TOTL]. Retrieved from https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=USCreative Commons License CC BY-4.0.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2374\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2374\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2374\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nyapela, Matthews Abijah &#8220;The Role of Digital Innovations in Information Management in Fostering Sustainable Development in Africa&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.69-75 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/69-75.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2376\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2376\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2376\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-digital-innovations-in-information-management-in-fostering-sustainable-development-in-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Role of Digital Innovations in Information Management in Fostering Sustainable Development in Africa<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ad345 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16ad345\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ad438 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ad438\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16ad5cb\" data-id=\"16ad5cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ad735 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ad735\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ad7ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ad7ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16ad953\" data-id=\"16ad953\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ada66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ada66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16adb0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16adb0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16adc81\" data-id=\"16adc81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16adda2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16adda2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ade42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ade42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16adf98\" data-id=\"16adf98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ae0a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ae0a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ae144 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ae144\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16ae286\" data-id=\"16ae286\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ba563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ba563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ba69b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ba69b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16ba851\" data-id=\"16ba851\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ba97a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ba97a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16baa2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16baa2f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16babbb\" data-id=\"16babbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16bacdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16bacdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Principals&#8217;administrative Styles on Teachers\u2019 Performance in Aba Education Zone of Abia State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Ijekpa Benedicta Ada, Prof. Mkpa Agu Mkpa &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 76-82<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16bad88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16bad88\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16baf08\" data-id=\"16baf08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16bb03f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16bb03f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2381\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2381\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2382\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2382\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2383\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2383\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2384\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2384\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2385\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2385\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2386\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2386\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2381\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2381\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2381\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This survey study examines the influence of principals\u2019 administrative styles on teachers\u2019 performance in public secondary schools in Aba education zone of Abia State, Nigeria. The examination focuses on the areas of teachers\u2019 punctuality to school, regularity to classes, and preparation of lesson notes. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study.\r\nA sample of 40 secondary schools was selected in Aba Education zone. 22 of these schools were headed by male principals and 18 of them by female principals, including 295 teachers stratified randomly, and proportionally drawn from the zone.\r\nThe instrument for data collection was a set of \u201cTeachers\u2019 questionnaire\u201d on principals&#8217; administrative styles; \u201cObservation schedule\u201d on teachers\u2019 lesson preparation (TLP); and \u201cInspection schedule\u201d on teachers\u2019 school and inspection schedule (TSIS) validated with a reliability index of 0.73, using test \u2013 re-test correlational statistics. Data were collected using 10 trained research assistants who returned with a total of 285 i.e. 98% of properly filled copies of the questionnaire. Mean was used to determine the principals&#8217; styles of administration, ANOVA statistics was used to determine the influence of principals&#8217; administrative styles on teachers\u2019 punctuality to school and regularity to classes, while Chi-square statistics was used to test principals\u2019 administrative styles and teachers\u2019 preparation for lesson.\r\nResults revealed that some schools practiced autocratic, some democratic, and some situational style of administration. Laissez-faire style of administration does not exist. It was also noted that most of the newly appointed principals and female principals tended to be autocratic while the highly experienced ones adopted situational style of administration. There was no significant influence of administrative styles on teachers\u2019 punctuality to schools and preparation for lessons. However, there was a significant influence of administrative styles on teachers\u2019 regularity to lesson. The paper recommends regular seminar and workshop for principals to harmonize their styles of administration and also properly-kept school records such as teachers\u2019 time book and teaching audit.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 76-82\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2382\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2382\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2382\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ijekpa Benedicta Ada <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAbia State University, Uturu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>, Prof. Mkpa Agu Mkpa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAbia State University, Uturu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2383\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2383\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2383\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adeyemi, T. (2010) Principal\u2019s leadership styles and teacher\u2019s job performance in secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Economic Theory 3(3), 84 \u2013 92\r\n[2] Ajibade, O.E., Ajayi, T.O &amp; Shobawale, O. (2017) Leadership styles employee\u2019s performance in Nigeria Federal Polytechnics:A study of Federal Polytechnics. Ilaro, Ogun State. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law. P. 17 \u2013 30.\r\n[3] Azuh, K. (2015) Good leadership, genuine followership. The pointer, Wednesday December 9, P.21.\r\n[4] Cagle, S.G (2009) Feidlers contingency theory of leadership effectiveness and appointment of committee chairperson. Dissertation. Abstracts International. Volume: 50-07 section B, page 2842.\r\n[5] Chukwusa, J. (2018) Autocratic leadership style:Obstacles to Success:Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilpra\/2019\r\n[6] Clark, R. (2000) Schools choice administration: Will principals become marketers, Clearing Home, 71(2) 95 \u2013 98.\r\n[7] Dike, E. &amp; Madubueze, M.H.O. (2019) The democratic leadership style and organizational performance. \u201cAn Appraisal\u201d. International Journal of Development Strategies in Human Management and Social Sciences. Vol. 9, No. 3.\r\n[8] Ebere, E. (2018) Exploration of sustainability of situational leadership in the oil and gas sector.Journal of Social Economic Research. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 10 \u2013 30.\r\n[9] Eze, F.O. (2011) The leadership question in local government administration. Theories issues, ESUT Journal of Administration 2(2), 181 \u2013 192.\r\n[10] Mba, J. (2004) Strategic Management CenterPunch. Lagos: Punch Newspaper pp 11-24.\r\n[11] Mbiti, D.M. (2007) Foundations of education, its meaning and significance to society. Heinemann\r\n[12] Mgbodile, T.O (ed) (2004) Fundamentals in education administration and planning. Enugu. Magnet Business Enterprises.\r\n[13] Obasi, F.N. (2004) Democratic model of school administration. Fredstary Printest \u2013 publishers, Rivers State Nig.\r\n[14] Obi, E. (2003) Education management. Theory and practice. Enugu. Jamoe Enterprises (Nig.)\r\n[15] Obi, C.E &amp; Onyeike, V.O. (2018) Principals\u2019 Leadership styles and Job Performance of Teachers in public secondary school in Imo State, Nig. Achievers of Business Research Vol. 6, No. 9, P. 1 \u2013 12.\r\n[16] Okeke, B.S. (2007) Politics of education: The Nigerian experience. Totan Publishers, Owerri, Awka. Nig. Donne Printing &amp; Publishers.\r\n[17] Okumbe, A. (2001) Educational management theory and practice. Nairobi UniversityPress.\r\n[18] Olagboye, A.A. (2004) Introduction to educational management in Nigeria. Daily graphic (Nig.) ltd.\r\n[19] Omeke, F.C. &amp; Onoh, K.A. (2012) The Influence of principal\u2019s leadership style on secondary school teacher\u2019s job satisfaction. Journal of Educational Research and Social Science Vol. 2(9) pp. 45.\r\n[20] Onwuchekwa, C. (2002) Management. Enugu. Zik Chuks Publishers.\r\n[21] Owoeye, N.O. (2010). The influence of job satisfaction on job performance of staff in the broadcasting services in Ekiti State &amp;Ondo Radio Corporation. Unpublished M.Ed. thesis of the faculty of Education, Ondo State University. Ado-Ekitipp 65-73.\r\n[22] Oyelude, O. &amp;. Fadun, T.A. (2018) Situational leadership style in managing conflicts in an organization: A case of Nigerian Eagle Flourmill. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Research. Vol. 4. No. 1, 44 \u2013 50.\r\n[23] Oyetunyi, C.O. (2016) The relationship between leadership styles and school climate.\r\n[24] Botswana Secondary School. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of South Africa.\r\n[25] Shakeshaff, C. (2011) Women in education administration. Newberry Park: Sage.\r\n[26] Shomaki, E.B. (2015) Influence of leadership style on teacher\u2019s job productivity in public secondary school in Taraba State, Nigeria. In Journal of Education and Practice. Vol. 6 No. 10, pp. 7\r\n[27] Wilson, G. (2017) Principals leadership style and staff job performance in selected secondary school in Emoha L.G.A of Rivers State, Nigeria. African Research Review. An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Bahirdar, Ethiopia, AFFREV vol. 11(3) No. 47 pp 115-131.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2384\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2384\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2384\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ijekpa Benedicta Ada, Prof. Mkpa Agu Mkpa, &#8220;Influence of Principals&#8217;administrative Styles on Teachers\u2019 Performance in Aba Education Zone of Abia State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.76-82 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/76-82.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2385\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2385\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2385\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/76-82.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2386\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2386\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2386\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-principals-administrative-styles-on-teachers-performance-in-aba-education-zone-of-abia-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Influence of Principals&#8217;administrative Styles on Teachers\u2019 Performance in Aba Education Zone of Abia State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16bbe91 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16bbe91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16bc2d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16bc2d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16bc430\" data-id=\"16bc430\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16bc53a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16bc53a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16bc632 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16bc632\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16bc8a4\" data-id=\"16bc8a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16bca93 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16c99ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16c99ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16c9ab0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16c9ab0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16c9c12\" data-id=\"16c9c12\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16c9d2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16c9d2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16c9dd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16c9dd3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16c9f49\" data-id=\"16c9f49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ca061 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ca061\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Implementasi Policy Revitalization of Local Values in Strengthening National Culture in Palu City<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Hidayat, Muhammad Basir, Nawawi Natsir, Hasbullah &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 83-102<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ca105 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ca105\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16ca28a\" data-id=\"16ca28a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ca3e8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16ca3e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2381\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2381\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2382\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2382\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2383\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2383\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2384\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2384\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2385\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2385\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2386\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2386\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2381\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2381\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2381\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research focuses on 2 (two) problem formulations, namely How is the effectiveness of the implementation of the revitalization policy of local wisdom values in strengthening the cultural character of the nation in Palu City ?. How are the inhibiting and supporting factors for the implementation of the revitalization policy of local wisdom values in strengthening the cultural character of the nation in Palu City? This study uses qualitative research methods. The results show: The implementation of the revitalization policy of the local wisdom values of Palu City has been effective. This can be seen from the results of the analysis of the 6 (six) variables under study indicate that the implementation of the policy has gone according to expectations. However, in terms of output, the implementation of this policy has not been optimal. Inhibiting factors for implementing the revitalization policy of local wisdom values in Palu City, based on the results of the analysis of the 6 (six) variables studied, it shows that there are 2 (two) factors, namely the weakness of the executor&#8217;s ability to interpret the substance of the policy, still weak coordination between institutions Meanwhile, the supporting factors are the presence of adequate human and financial resources, the characteristics of the executing agent, the attitude of the implementing agency, and conducive economic, social and political conditions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 83-102\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2382\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2382\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2382\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hidayat<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDoctoral Student in Social and Political Sciences, Postgraduate Tadulako University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Muhammad Basir<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartemen of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nawawi Natsir<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. Tadulako University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Hasbullah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. Tadulako University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2383\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2383\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2383\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Book\r\n[1] Albrow, Martin. 1996. Bureaucracy. Translators M. Rusli and Totok Daryanto. Tiara Discourse. Yogyakarta.\r\n[2] Anderson, James E., 1979. Public Policy Making. Holt, Richart and Winston, New York.\r\n[3] Wise, Syaiful, 2002. 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Organizational Behavior: A Managerial and Organizational Perspective. Little Brown and Co, Boston Toronto.\r\n[20] Garna, K. Judistira, Rusidi Rasyid Harun Al, Research Methods in Social Sciences. PPs Social Sciences Study Program. Unpad Bandung.\r\n[21] Garna, K. Judistira, 2000. Social Research Methods: Research in Governmental Science Research Design and Plans. Primaco Akademika, Bandung.\r\n[22] Grindle, 1980. Politics and Policy Implementation in the Third World. Princenton University Press, New Jersey.\r\n[23] Hannerz, U. 1992. Cultural Complexity: Studies in the Social Organization of Meaning. Columbia University Press.\r\n[24] Henry, Nicolas, 1988. State Administration and State Affairs. Translation: Luciana D. Rajawali, Jakarta;\r\n[25] Handoko, 2003, Management, BPFE Yogyakarta.\r\n[26] Islamy, Irfan, 2003. Principles of State Policy Formulation. Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.\r\n[27] Jones, Charles O., 1994. Introduction to Public Policy (Public Policy). Rahagrafindo Perkasa, Jakarta.\r\n[28] Kerlinger, Fred N., 1995. Principles of Behavior Research. Ed. Landung R. Simatupang Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.\r\n[29] Koentjaranobility, 1986. Community Research Methods. Gramedia, Jakarta.\r\n[30] Khomsahrial Romli, 2011. Complete Organizational Communication, Jakarta: Grasindo.\r\n[31] Lepawsky, Albert, 1979. Administration. Albert A. Knopf. New York.\r\n[32] Maslow, H. Abraham, 1994. Motivation and Personality, Motivation Theory with the Hierarchy of Human Needs Approach. Management Series Number 104 A.Pustaka Binamaan Pressindo, Jakarta.\r\n[33] Meltsner, Arnold J., 1976. Policy Analysis in the Bureaucracy. University of California Press, Los Angeles.\r\n[34] Moehadjir, Noeng, 1992. Qualitative Research Methodology. Raka Sarasih, Yogyakarta.\r\n[35] Nazir, Moahamad, 2005. Research Methods. Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta.\r\n[36] Nawawi, Hadari, 1990. Social Field Research Methods. Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.\r\n[37] Nugroho, Riant, 2002. Public Policy. Kompas Gramedia, Jakarta.\r\n[38] Pamudji, S., 1995. Government Leadership in Indonesia, Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.\r\n[39] Pareek, Udai, 1995. Understanding the Process of Organizational Behavior. Pustaka Binamas Pressindo, Jakarta.\r\n[40] Purnaweni, Hartuti, 1991. Public Policy. FISIP-Undip, Semarang.\r\n[41] Robbins, P. Stephen, 1984. Organizational Theory, Structure, Design and Applications. Translation: Yusuf Udaya. Arcan, Jakarta.\r\n[42] Rusidi, 1990. Research Methodology Basics. PPs. Unpad, Bandung.\r\n[43] Siagian, Sondang P., 1994 (a), Administrative Philosophy. Haji Masagung, Jakarta.\r\n[44] Simon, Herbert A., 1984. Administrative Behavior: Administrative Behavior, a Study of the Decision Making Process in Administrative Organizations. Translator, St. Recommended. Bina Literacy Jakarta.\r\n[45] Sugiyono, 2003. Administrative Research Methods. Alfabeta, Bandung.\r\n[46] , 2010 (a). Quantitative, Qualitative and R&amp;D Methods. Alfabeta, Bandung.\r\n[47] Soehartono, Irawan. 2008. Social Research Methods: A Research Technique in the Field of Social Welfare and Other Social Sciences. Youth Rosdakarya, Bandung.\r\n[48] S. Djuarsa Senjaya, 1994. Communication Theory, Open University, Jakarta :.\r\n[49] Tachyan, 2006. Public Policy Implementation. Puslit KP2W Lemlit UNPAD, Bandung.\r\n[50] Tangkilisan, Hessel Nogi S., 2003. Public Policy Implementation, Transformation of Mind George Edwards III, Lukman Offiset and Indonesian Public Administration Reform Foundation, Yogyakarta.\r\n[51] Thoha, Mitah, 1987. Bureaucratic Behavior Perspective (Prima Dimensions of State Administration Science Volume II). Rajawali Press, Jakarta.\r\n[52] , 2008. Contemporary Public Administration Science. Prenada Media, Group, Jakarta.\r\n[53] Tilaar, HAR. 2007. Indonesian Ethnicity and National Identity. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.\r\n[54] Tjokroamidjojo, Bintoro, 1988. Development Policy and Administration. LP3ES, Jakarta.\r\n[55] Tjokroamidjajo, Bintoro and AR Mustopadidjaja, 1991. Development Policy and Administration: Theory and Application Development. Masagung, Jakarta.\r\n[56] Wahab, Solichin Abdul, Analysis of Policy from Formulation to Implementation of State Policy. Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.\r\n[57] Winardi, J., 1991. Creativity and Creative Thinking Techniques in Management. Aditya Bhakti, Bandung.\r\nDocument\r\n[58] Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government;\r\n[59] Peraturan Palu City Region Number 9 of 2016 concerning Kaili Customary Institution\r\nOther sources\r\n[60] Danisworo, 2002. Revitalization. Indonesia Dictionary.\r\n[61] Laretna, 2000. Revitalization. Indonesia Dictionary.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2384\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2384\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2384\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hidayat, Muhammad Basir, Nawawi Natsir, Hasbullah, &#8220;Implementasi Policy Revitalization of Local Values in Strengthening National Culture in Palu City&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.83-102 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/83-102.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2385\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2385\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2385\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/83-102.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2386\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2386\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2386\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/implementasi-policy-revitalization-of-local-values-in-strengthening-national-culture-in-palu-city\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Implementasi Policy Revitalization of Local Values in Strengthening National Culture in Palu City<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16cb286 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16cb286\" 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16cb534\" data-id=\"16cb534\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16cb66d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16cb66d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16cb731 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16cb731\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16cb8a8\" data-id=\"16cb8a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16cb9e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16cb9e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16cba8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16cba8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16cbbe0\" data-id=\"16cbbe0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16cbce9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16cbce9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d3e6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d3e6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16d409e\" data-id=\"16d409e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d41dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16d41dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d42b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d42b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16d446c\" data-id=\"16d446c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d468a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16d468a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d47b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d47b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16d4a65\" data-id=\"16d4a65\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d4c9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16d4c9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effectiveness of Strengthening Character Education In Boarding School<\/strong> <\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Windi Roni, Irawan Suntoro, Sowiyah- November 2020 Page No.: 103-107<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d4d87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d4d87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16d4f22\" data-id=\"16d4f22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d50b2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16d50b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The Effectiveness Of Strengthening Character Education In Boarding School. Purpose: This study is to describe: policies, implementation and control in strengthening character education in SMP IT Permata Bunda, Bandar Lampung City. Method: used in this research is a qualitative method with a phenomenological design plan. The data collection technique was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation with ten informants. Result: the research shows that policies are implemented through planning and organizing. Implementation process through means of communication, resources, dispositions and organizational structure. Control is carried out through monitoring and evaluation activities obtained from student journal recap data, teacher control sheets and discipline books. Strengthening character education is integrated into three activities, namely learning, extracurricular activities and school culture habituation with indicators of religious character, integrity, cooperation, responsibility and care. Suggestion: schools as educational institutions are expected to be able to determine the characteristics of schools in implementing character education policies in shaping the character of students<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 103-107\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Windi Roni <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Management, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Irawan Suntoro<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Management, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sowiyah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Management, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Akib, H. (2012). Implementasi kebijakan: Apa, mengapa dan bagaimana. 1 (1), 1-11.\r\n[2] Anderson, E. W. (2005). Residential and boarding education and care for young people: A model for good practice, Psychology Press.\r\n[3] Arwildayanto, A. S. &amp; Sumar. (2018). Analisis Kebijakan Pendidikan: Kajian Teoretis, Eksploratif, dan Aplikatif, Bandung: Cendikia Press.\r\n[4] Bramston, P., &amp; Patrick. (2007). Rural adolescents experiencing an urban transition. 15 (4), 247-251.\r\n[5] DeRoche, &amp; Williams. (2001). Educating hearts and minds: A comprehensive character education framework, Corwin Press.\r\n\r\n[6] Duffell, N. (2000). The making of them: The British attitude to children and the boarding school system, Lone Arrow Press.\r\n[7] Goleman, D. (2019). Emotional Intelligence. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.\r\n[8] Grindle, M. S. (2017). Politics and policy implementation in the Third World, Princeton University Press.\r\n[9] Hasbullah. (2015). Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Perspektif teori, aplikasi dan kondisi objektif di Indonesia.\r\n[10] Irsan, I., &amp; Rijal. (2020). Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Disiplin Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar Kota Baubau. 5 (1), 10-16.\r\n[11] Kemendikbud. (2017). Konsep dan Pedoman Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta.\r\n[12] Lickona, T. (2012). Character matters (Persoalan karakter): Bagaimana membantu anak mengembangkan penilaian yang baik, integritas, dan kebajikan penting lainnya. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.\r\n[13] Manalu, J. (2014). Pendidikan Karakter terhadap Pembentukan Perilaku Mahasiswa (Studi Kasus Proses Pendidikan Karakter dalam HMJ Sosiolog Universitas Mulaarman Kalimantan Timur). 2 (4), 26-38.\r\n[14] Mockler, R. (2002). Using the arts to acquire and enhance management skills. 26 (5), 574-585.\r\n[15] Moleong, L. J. (2019). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung.\r\n[16] Rahman, H. B. (2013). Rekonstruksi Paradigma Pendidikan Untuk Memperkuat Karakter Bangsa Melalui Implementasi Kurikulum 2013. Universitas Lampung.\r\n[17] Robbins, S. P. (2016). Organizational behavior. Pearson Education. New Jersey.\r\n[18] Schaverien, J. (2004). Boarding school: the trauma of the \u2018privileged\u2019child. 49 (5), 683-705.\r\n[19] Sugiyono, S. (2010). Metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif dan R &amp; D. Alfabeta Bandung.\r\n[20] Wahab, &amp; Budi. (2012). Analisis Kebijakan Dar i Fo rmul asi ke I mple ment asi Kebijakan Negara.\r\n[21] Winarno, B. (2007). Kebijakan publik: Teori dan proses.\r\n[22] Yaniawati, I., &amp; Indrawan. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Campuran untuk Manajgemen, Pembangunan, dan Pendidikan.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Windi Roni, Irawan Suntoro, Sowiyah, &#8220;The Effectiveness of Strengthening Character Education In Boarding School&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.103-107 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/103-107.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/103-107.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effectiveness-of-strengthening-character-education-in-boarding-school\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> The Effectiveness of Strengthening Character Education In Boarding School<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d5f61 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16d5f61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d6058 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d6058\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16d61f8\" data-id=\"16d61f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d635e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16d635e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d641c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d641c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16d912b\" data-id=\"16d912b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d92e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16d92e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d93ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d93ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16d9546\" data-id=\"16d9546\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d96a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16d96a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d9756 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d9756\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16d98bd\" data-id=\"16d98bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d99de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16d99de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d9aa1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d9aa1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16d9c0b\" data-id=\"16d9c0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d9db8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d9db8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16da0dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16da0dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16da25e\" data-id=\"16da25e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16da391 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16da391\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The purpose of the study was to examine how entry qualifications of trainees at Technical Vocational, Education and Training (TVET) institutions impact on skill development for Kenya\u2019s development agenda. The study was a qualitative case study of three cohorts (2016, 2017 and 2018) being the groups that had done national examinations set by Kenya National Examinational Council (KNEC) at the time the study was carried out. Data was gathered using questionnaires and document analysis. Data analysis involved verification of the entry requirements for one to be enrolled in a given course vis-a-vi the policy governing admissions, actual enrolments in the courses offered and trainees\u2019 performances at the Kenya National Examinational Council examination. The study established that there was strong correlation of 0.798** in a 2 tailed test between trainees\u2019 initial qualifications and academic achievement, a measure of skill formation. However initial entry qualification of trainees was generally low with over 60 percent of the trainees having scored grade D+ and below in their pre-entry examination leading to poor academic achievement, a state that was more pronounced in Science oriented courses. It was further established that the main cause of low achievement of the trainees in the science oriented courses investigated were that the trainees had registered for the courses based on the minimum grade requirement but had poor grades in Science subjects. These findings indicated that Kenya was unlikely to achieve a manpower development needs if this trend continues. As such the study recommends for the need to revise minimum requirements in the cluster subjects to be considered for admission to various courses. The institutes should provide proper career guidance for prospective trainees to help them make informed choices regarding courses to be pursued not only on the basis of their interests but also on their academic abilities as demonstrated in their entry examination performances.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 108-113\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Selina Chepkoech1 <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Department of Education Administration and Planning\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ibrahim khatete1<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Department of Education Administration and Planning\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Genevieve Wanjala1<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Department of Education Administration and Planning\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Agodini, R., Uhl, S., &amp; Novak, T. (2004). Factors That Influence Participation in Secondary Vocational Education. MPR Reference No. 8879-400. Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.\r\n[2] Agrawal, T. (2012). Vocational education and training in India: challenges, status and labour market outcomes. Journal of Vocational Education &amp; Training, 64(4), 453-474..\r\n[3] Akey, T. M. (2006). School Context, Student Attitudes and Behavior, and Academic Achievement: An Exploratory Analysis. MDRC\r\n[4] Akhuemonkhan, I. A., &amp; Raimi, L. (2013). Impact of quality assurance on technical vocational education and training (tvet) in Nigeria. In Presentation at the 2013 IVETA Annual Conference on Quality Assurance in Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TVET), Las Vegas, Nevada, United State on December (pp. 3-4).\r\n[5] Chepkoech, S., Khatete, I., &amp; Wanjala, G. (2020). Impact of infrastructure at technical vocational education institutions on human resource development on realization of sustainable development goals in Western Kenya. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 11(1), 18-24.\r\n[6] Ghazlan, G. (2012). Mainstreaming skills training: Malaysia\u2019s skills and the future. SKILLS PATHWAYS ASIA, 67.\r\n[7] Kerre, B. W. (2010). Inaugural Lecture: Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET): a Strategy for National Sustainable Development. Moi University Press.\r\n[8] Ladipo, M. K., Akhuemonkhan, I. A., &amp; Raimi, L. (2013). Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) As a Mechanism for Sustainable Development in Nigeria (SD): Potentials, Challenges and Policy Prescriptions. TVET for Sustainable Development in Africa\u201d Held in Banjul, The Gambia from 2 nd To 8 th June 2013 at The Paradise Suits Hotel, 12.\r\n[9] Ly, B. (2018). The impact of TVET on Cambodia\u2019s economic development.\r\n[10] Murgor, K. T., Keter, K. J., &amp; Changa\u2019ch, J. K. (2014). Accessibility of technical and vocational training among disabled people: survey of TVET institutions in North Rift Region, Kenya.\r\n[11] Ngure, S. W. (2013). Stakeholders&#8217; perceptions of technical, vocational education and training: the case of Kenyan micro and small enterprises in the motor vehicle service and repair industry.\r\n[12] Nkirina, S. P. (2010). The challenges of integrating entrepreneurship education in the vocational training system: An insight from Tanzania&#8217;s Vocational Education Training Authority. Journal of European Industrial Training, 34(2), 153-166\r\n[13] RoK (2003).Ministry of Planning and National development: Economic Recovery Strategy Paper for Wealth and Employment Creation. Nairobi, Government Printers.\r\n[14] RoK.(2007).Kenya Vision 2030. Nairobi, Government Printers\r\n[15] RoK(2013).Towards A Globally Competitive Quality Education for Sustainable Development. Report of Task on the Re-Alignment of the Education Sector to the Constitution of Kenya 2010.Nairobi, Government Printer.\r\n[16] RoK(2013).Kenya Fact Sheet. Nairobi, Government Printers\r\n[17] Sang, A. K., Muthaa, G. M., &amp; Mbugua, Z. K. (2012). Challenges Facing Techinical Training in Kenya. Creative education, 3(01), 109.\r\n[18] Tilak, J. B. (2003). Vocational education and training in Asia. In International handbook of educational research in the Asia-Pacific Region (pp. 673-686). Springer, Dordrecht.\r\n[19] United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. (2010). Skills gap analysis for graduates of youth polytechnics, vocational training centres and out of school youths. Nairobi: Government of Kenya.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Selina Chepkoech, Ibrahim khatete, Genevieve Wanjala &#8220;Influence of Trainees\u2019 Entry Qualification on Skill Development for Kenya\u2019s Realization of Her Devevelopment Agenda&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.108-113 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/108-113.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/108-113.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-trainees-entry-qualification-on-skill-development-for-kenyas-realization-of-her-development-agenda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of Trainees\u2019 Entry Qualification on Skill Development for Kenya\u2019s Realization of Her Devevelopment Agenda<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16db250 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16db250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16db33f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16db33f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16db4cf\" data-id=\"16db4cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16db60a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16db60a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16db6af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16db6af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16db818\" data-id=\"16db818\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16db94e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16db94e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16df07d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16df07d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16e1e01\" data-id=\"16e1e01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e1fbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16e1fbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16e2091 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16e2091\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16e235b\" data-id=\"16e235b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e2579 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16e2579\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16e2688 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16e2688\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16e28ce\" data-id=\"16e28ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e2a4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16e2a4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of head teachers\u2019 collegial leadership on pupils\u2019 academic performance at the Kenya certificate of primary education in Vihiga County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mavale Hudson Omega, Dr. Matula Daisy Phylisters, Prof. Akala Winston Jumba- November 2020 Page No.: 114-121<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16e2b14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16e2b14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16e2c9e\" data-id=\"16e2c9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e2de7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16e2de7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">There is no school that can exist in a vacuum without the community. The head teacher should thus enhance a culture of peaceful co-existence between the school and the community in order to influence the effective utilization and sustainability of the available resources. Schools exist in the heart of each community and school-community links are beneficial. The main objective of this study was to establish the influence of head teachers\u2019 collegial leadership on pupils\u2019 KCPE performance. The study was based on scientific management theory. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The study participants were head teachers, teachers, pupils and education officers. The target population was 14860 that comprised; 371 head teachers, 4450 teachers, 10017 pupils\u2019 council leadership and 22 education officers. A sample of 390 participants was selected to take part in the study. The researcher used stratified sampling technique to select sample schools and zones from the County. Simple random sampling was used to sample 77 head teachers, 154 teachers and 5 education officers while census sampling was used to sample 154 pupils\u2019 council leadership. Questionnaires, interview guide and observation schedule were used to collect data. A pilot study was conducted in different schools and one zone from the neighbouring Nandi County to help refine the instruments. Questionnaires were validated by conducting a pre-test and through expert judgment by the supervisors. The Split-half technique that is administered once to the study participants was used to test instruments reliability. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means, percentages and frequencies with the aid of SPSS and the findings presented using tables. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and findings presented in narrative and verbatim form. The findings indicated that head teachers collegial relationship with parents or community does not assist with children completion of homework assignments and schools infrastructural development. However, the findings indicated that head teachers\u2019 collegial leadership assists with pupil\u2019s school attendance, discipline and academic outcomes. It was concluded that most head teachers have a collegial relationship with teachers that improve pupils\u2019 academic performance. The results indicated a significant relationship between head teachers\u2019 collegial leadership and pupils\u2019 academic performance. The test of the null hypothesis on head teachers enhancing or not enhancing collegial leadership was rejected as shown by a p-value = 0.000. The study concludes that head teachers collegial leadership is the most significant influence on pupils\u2019 academic performance at KCPE. The study recommended that the school head teachers and the County education office through the Ministry of Education should enhance head teachers training and capacity building in collegial leadership through in-service courses, workshops, meetings and seminars in order to improve school performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 114-121 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mavale Hudson Omega <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Matula Daisy Phylisters<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Prof. Akala Winston Jumba<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abraham, N. M. (2003). Educational Administration in Nigeria. Port Harcourt: Pam Unique Publishers.\r\n[2] Ahmad, I., &amp; Sa\u2019ad, H.B. (2013). role of school principal in promotion of school home relationship: case of government secondary schools in khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan. International journal on new trends in education and their implication Vol 4 (11) page115-124.\r\n[3] Ambogo, M. M. (2012). The impact of head teachers\u2019 administrative factors on performance in secondary school science subjects in Eldoret municipality, Kenya. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy, Studies, 3 (4): 514 \u2013 522.\r\n[4] Domina, T. (2005). Leveling the Home Advantage: Assessing the effectiveness of Parental involvement. In elementary school. Sociology of education. 78, 233 \u2013 249.\r\n[5] Gershberg, A., &amp; Winkler, D.R. (2004).Education decentralization in Africa: A review of recent policy and practice, In B Levy &amp; S. Kpundesh (Eds.), Building state Capacity in Africa: New Approachs, Emerging Lessons. Washington, DC: Word Bank Institute.\r\n[6] Gordon, E.W., Bridglall, B.L. and Meroe, A.S. (2004). Supplementary Education. In: The Hidden Curriculum of High Academic Achievement. (Edited by Lanham, M.D.). Rowman and Littlefield, Vienna. pp. 420 &#8211; 476.\r\n[7] Kosgey (2014) Influence of parental involvement on students\u2019 academic performance of public mixed day secondary schools in Kuresoi Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research Vol. 2 No. 12 page 505-516.\r\n[8] Krippendorf, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.\r\n[9] Lokuruka, N. P., &amp; Ronoh, R. K. (2017). The Role of Head Teachers in the Management of the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Turkana County, Kenya.\r\n[10] Magulod, G. C. (2017). Factors of school effectiveness and performance of selected public and private elementary schools. Implications on educational planning in the Philippines. Asian Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 5 (1) pp. 73-83.\r\n[11] Mohammed, B.M., Rozanne, E.A.R., Lokman, M.T., Shafeeq, H.V.A. &amp; Khadijah, D. (2017). Head teacher-teacher relationship and its effect on teacher\u2019s trust in relationship in Malaysian high performing schools. International Journal of Educational Management Vol. 32 (3) pp. 479-497.\r\n[12] Munteanu, A., &amp; Babonea, A. (2012). Towards positive interpersonal relationships in the classroom. International Conference of Scientific Paper Afases 2012 Brasov, Romania on 24-26 may 2012.\r\n[13] Murithi, G. W. (2015). Parental determinants of academic performance of learners in public day secondary schools in Imenti North Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya. (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis), Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.\r\n[14] Muyalo, J. M. (2017). Parental related factors influencing learner\u2019s academic performance in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination in Igembe North Sub County, Meru County, Kenya. (Unpublished, master\u2019s thesis) Universityn of Nairobi, Kenya.\r\n[15] Ngari, F. N. (2014). The Influence of Home Based Factors on Students. Discipline in Secondary Schools Manyatta Division, Embu East District.\r\n[16] Niraula, T. (2002). Professional development needs of secondary school headmasters in Napal. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, New York.\r\n[17] Odoyo, S. N., Odwar, A. J., &amp; Kabuka, E. K. (2016). Impact of Discipline on Academic Performance of Pupils in Public Primary Schools in Muhoroni Sub- County, Kenya Journal of Education and Practice.\r\n[18] Okorie, N. C., Ememe, O. N., &amp; Egu, R. H. N. (2009). School Community Relations in the Development of Secondary Schools: A Focus on Aba Education Zone. African Journal of Education and Developmental Studies, 6(1), Sept, 121-129.\r\n[19] Sa\u2019ad, T. U., &amp; Sadiq, A. M. (2014). The relevance of school community relationship on the development of primary education in Azare metropolis of Bauchi State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Research &amp;Method in Education V 4, (6)23.\r\n[20] Smith, H.H.R. (2014) \u2018Development of trust and collaboration between teachers in PLC teams: the roles\u2019 of teachers, principals and different facets of trust,\u2019 Unpublished, PhD dissertation, Department of Educational Leadership and Foundations, Brigham Young University, Provo.\r\n[21] Steinberg, L. (2006). Parenting adolescents. In M.H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 1. Children and parenting (2nd ed., pp.103-133). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.\r\n[22] Ubogu, E.E. (2004). The causes of absenteeism and dropout among secondary school students in delta Central Senatorial District of Delta State.Unpublished Doctoral dissertation. Delta State University, Nigeria: Abraka.\r\n[23] Veldman, I., Tartwijk, J.V., Brekelmans, M. &amp; Webbels, T. (2013) Job satisfaction and teacher-student relationships across the teaching career: Four case studies. Teaching and Teacher Education 32(1) pp.557-569.\r\n[24] Wekesa, P.W. (2016). Influence of head teachers\u2019 strategic leadership on pupils\u2019 KCPE performance in public primary schools in Nambale Sub-County, Busia County, Kenya. Unpublished, master\u2019s thesis, Kisii University, Kenya.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mavale Hudson Omega, Dr. Matula Daisy Phylisters, Prof. Akala Winston Jumba, &#8220;Influence of head teachers\u2019 collegial leadership on pupils\u2019 academic performance at the Kenya certificate of primary education in Vihiga County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.114-121 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/114-121.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/114-121.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-head-teachers-collegial-leadership-on-pupils-academic-performance-at-the-kenya-certificate-of-primary-education-in-vihiga-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of head teachers\u2019 collegial leadership on pupils\u2019 academic performance at the Kenya certificate of primary education in Vihiga County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e3cb0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16e3cb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e79db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16e79db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16e7a87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16e7a87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16e7bfe\" data-id=\"16e7bfe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16e7dba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16e7dba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16e80f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16e80f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16e827a\" data-id=\"16e827a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e83b2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16e83b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Smuggling is a global phenomenon which is quite complex due to its complex operations and the diverse commodities involved. The means by which commodities cross the border is the main issue that makes the cross border trade illegal. This illegal trade is common on the Kenya-Uganda Busia border town. The objective was to evaluate the mechanisms put in place to curb cross-border smuggling of food commodities from Uganda influencing socio-economic status of households of Busia town, Kenya. The study utilized human needs and transnationalism theories to examine cross-border smuggling of food commodities from Uganda influencing socio-economic status of households of Busia town, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Stratified sampling technique was used to arrive at 8 strata, namely that of transporters, local residents, traders, trade agents, hawkers, revenue collectors, opinion leaders and that of government officers. Sample sizes of 193 respondents were selected from these strata and they were arrived at through census, purposive and snowballing sampling methods. Data collection instruments were Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), interviews, observation and questionnaires and secondary data through document analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using appropriate descriptive statistics while qualitative data involved thematic and content analysis. The findings of study indicate that the social and economic effects of smuggling have both positive and negative effects on individual households, depending on the outcome in relation to an individual\u2019s engagement in the activity. The study recommends that Kenya and Uganda governments work in collaboration come up with friendly policy on trading in food commodities so as to reduce illegal trade of food commodities.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 122-137\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Daniel Munyoki Nduti <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMinistry of Interior and Coordination of National Government in Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Rev. Sgt. (Rtd). Dr. Elijah Onyango Standslause Odhiambo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Peace and Conflict Studies Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ahimbisibwe, R. K., (2015). Counterfeiting and its Impact on Social Economic Development Retrieved from https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/edocs\/mdocs\/africa\/en\/wipo_hl_ip_kla_15\/wipo_hl_ip_kla_15_t_6_a.pdf\r\n[2] Anghuie, A., (2004). Imperialism, Sovereignty, and the Making of International Law (Cambridge, CUP).\r\n[3] Basu, S. R., (2013). Euro Zone Debt Crisis: Scenario Analysis and Implications for Developing Asia-Pacific.Journal of Asia Pacific Economy\r\n[4] Burton, J., (1990). Conflict: Basic Human Needs. New York: St Martins Press Crown Agents., (2010). Report on Trade Corridors. www.crownagents.com\r\nCustoms and Excise Department., (2008). \u201cSecurity Anti-Smuggling Work of Customs and Excise\u201d. L.C Paper No. CB (2) 2481\/07-08\r\n[5] Devling, B., (2011). The Continuing Vitality of the Territorial Approach to Cross- Border Insolvency 70 UMKC L Rev 435\r\n[6] Ford, M &amp; Lyons, L., (2012). Labor Migration, Trafficking and Border Controls. In T. Wilson and H.Donnan (eds).A Companion to Border Studies. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 438-454\r\n[7] Fumbuka, N., (2017). \u201cTanzania bans Grain Exports to Curb Inflation, Boost Food Industry\u201d. Dar es Salaam: Reuters\r\n[8] Golub, S. S., (2015). Smuggling is Common in Africa: editors Oliver Morrissey, Ricardo Lopez, Kisher Sharma: \u201cInformal Cross-Border Trade and Smuggling in Africa&#8221; PP. 179-209\r\n[9] Issa, H., (2019). Tanzanian police in action to curb smuggling of goods across border http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2019-05\/05\/c_138036157.htm\r\n[10] Kenya National Bureau of Statistics., (2009). National Population and Housing Census 2009. Nairobi: KBS\r\n[11] Kinana, A., (2012). &#8220;The Role of East African Legislative Assembly in Enhancing Popular Participation and Harmonization of Laws in East Africa&#8221; Annual Conference of the East Africa Law Society, Dares Salaam\r\n[12] Kish, L., (2011). Survey Sampling. New York: Wiley\r\n[13] Kivisto, P., (2001). Theorizing transnational immigration: a critical review of current efforts. Ethnic Racial Stud 24:549-77\r\n[14] Lee, S &amp; Whang, Y. J., (2005).&#8221;International Capital Flows and Boom-Bust Ccles in Asia Pacific Region&#8221; Discussion Papers Series, Department of Economic, Tufts University\r\n[15] Luna, D. M., (2008). Dismantling Illicit Networks and Corruption Nodes. IACC Workshop 6.2www.13iacc.org\r\n[16] Markus,V &amp; Dereje, F., (2010). &#8220;State Borders and Borderlands as Resources: An Analytical Framework&#8221; in Dereje Feyissa and Marcus V. Hoehne (eds) Borders and Borderlands as Resources in the Horn of Africa. London: James Currey\r\n[17] Mbogoro, D., (2011). Global Trading Arrangements and Their Relevance to Kenya and Uganda Economic Development: Challenges and Prospects, (Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Kampala).\r\n[18] Miller, T., (2016). &#8220;On the Border: Portraits of America&#8217;s South Western Frontier&#8221; PP. 48-60\r\n[19] Miroff, N., (2016). &#8220;Desperate Venezuelans Swarm over the Border to buy Food&#8221; Reuters\r\n[20] Mosaei, M &amp; Ahmadzadeh, M., (2010). Smuggling of Goods and Its Relationship with Socio-Economic Characteristics of Border Areas. Journal of Public Economics, 94. Minab : Science line Publication\r\n[21] Mugenda, M. O &amp; Mugenda, G., (2003). Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches.Nairobi: Laba Graphics Services\r\n[22] Mwaniki, J., (2004). The Impact of Informal Cross-Border Trade on Regional Integration in SADC and Implications for Wealth Creation. Harare: Community Organizations Regional Network (CORN)\r\n[23] New Comb, M.D., (2000). \u201cDrug-Use in the Work Place: Risk Factors for Disruptive Substance Use among Young Adults\u201d Massachusetts: Aubum House Publishing Company\r\n[24] Nkoroi, I. M., (2001). &#8220;Assessing the Informal Cross-Border Trade between Kenya and Uganda&#8221;. Masters Thesis in International Studies. Nairobi: University of Nairobi\r\n[25] Nyaoro, D., (2012). &#8220;Open Verses Closed System on Evidential Analyses of Management of Cross-Border Migration: Four African Countries.&#8221; Vol. 2. Eldoret: Moi University\r\n[26] Nye, J. S &amp; Keohane, R. O., (1971). Transnational Relations and World Politics: An Introduction. International Organization 25(3).\r\n[27] Orodho, A. J., (2002). Research Methods. Nairobi: Kenyatta University Institute of Open Learning\r\n[28] Ortuno, M.T &amp; Wiriyachai, A., (2009). &#8221; Cooperation and Shared Responsibility in the Global Fight Against Organized Crime in Particular Drug Trafficking, Illegal Arms Sales, Human Trafficking and Cross-Border Terrorism.&#8221; Draft Report submitted to IDI Assembly of the Inter parliamentary Union and Related Meetings, General.\r\n[29] Prewitt, K., (1975). Introductory research methodology: East African applications. Occasional Paper 10, Nairobi: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi\r\n[30] Robinson, W. I., (1998). &#8220;Beyond Nation-State Paradigms: Globalization, Sociology, and the Challenge of Transnational Studies.&#8221; Sociological Forum, 13:4, 561-594.\r\n[31] Sanje, K &amp; Reuters, T., (2017). \u201cMalawi cracks down on Food Smugglers seeking more Profit.\u201d Lilongwe: Reuters\r\n[32] Shawiza, V., (2016). Impact of the Standard Gauge Railway on the Economy. Soko Directory, March 29, https:\/\/sokodirectory.com\/2016\/03\/impact-of-the-standard-gauge-railway-on-the-economy\/\r\n[33] Titeca, K &amp; Kimanuka, C., (2012). Walking in the Dark: Informal Cross-Border Trade in the Great Lakes Region. London: International Alert\r\n[34] United Nations Report., (2014). Transnational Organization Crime in West Africa: A Threat Assessment. Vienna: UNODC\r\n[35] United Nations Conference on Trade and Development., (2009). &#8220;Economic Development in Africa:Strengthening Regional Economic Integration for Africa&#8221;. UN Report, New York\r\n[36] United States Agency for International Development., (2010). &#8220;Kenya&#8217;s Agenda for Action: Commercial Legal and Institutional-Diagnostic of Kenya&#8217;s Business Environment\u201d. Paper 2010.\r\n[37] Wachira, M., (2017). Kenya in new plan to curb coffee smuggling https:\/\/www.theeastafrican.co.ke\/tea\/business\/kenya-in-new-plan-to-curb-coffee-smuggling&#8211;1380094\r\n[38] Wasike, S., (2016). &#8220;Applying Track 3 Diplomacy to the Management of Cross-Border Security Relations between Kenya and Somalia&#8221; PhD Thesis. Kakamega : Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology\r\n[39] World Food Programme FEWS NET., (2007). Informal Cross-Border Food Trade in Southern Africa. Issue 30\r\n[40] Yu, L., (2018). \u2018Chinese FM Ends Africa Visit, Confident in Closer China\u2013Africa Ties\u2019, Xinhua, 18 January, http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2018\u201301\/18\/c_136903489.htm (accessed on 3 February 2018).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Daniel Munyoki Nduti, Rev. Sgt. (Rtd). Dr. Elijah Onyango Standslause Odhiambo &#8220;Mechanisms of Curbing Smuggling of Food Commodities from Uganda into Busia Town, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.122-137 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/122-137.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/122-137.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/mechanisms-of-curbing-smuggling-of-food-commodities-from-uganda-into-busia-town-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mechanisms of Curbing Smuggling of Food Commodities from Uganda into Busia Town, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e96a1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16e96a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16e97bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16e97bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16e99ae\" data-id=\"16e99ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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elementor-element elementor-element-16edb63\" data-id=\"16edb63\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16edd72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16edd72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ede9a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ede9a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16ee11e\" data-id=\"16ee11e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ee321 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ee321\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ee448 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16ee448\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16ee6e5\" data-id=\"16ee6e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ee9d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16ee9d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Akombo in Tiv Traditional Worldview: A Theological Discourse<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Iorshager Terhemba Ph.D , Wayas, David Tarhom- November 2020 Page No.: 138-144<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16eeb12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16eeb12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16eedd2\" data-id=\"16eedd2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ef022 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"16ef022\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Many Foreign and some indigenous scholars have in the past undertaken several investigations on the concept of akombo with varying degrees of negative ideas. The false impression created and subsequent practical misrepresentation of this concept by scholars and adherents has changed the true meaning and essence of akombo over time. This work aimed at setting a theological basis for a correct understanding and practice of akombo. This was accomplished by investigating the religious role of akombo as healing and protective rituals and as divinities in Tiv belief system. Descriptive phenomenology was adopted and used to investigate and describe the conscious experience of akombo as a way of attaining a healthy, prosperous and long lasting life through interaction with the Supreme Being. When compared, significant difference in characteristics of akombo as rituals to that of divinities was noticed. While some divinities (primordial) were deified to become ancestors no akombo had such quality. Akombo were therefore, viewed to be means through which interaction with the Supreme Being was made feasible. The work recommended that practicing akombo in hygienic condition, an integration of modern socio-religious ideas into akombo belief and practice with frequent and intensive research on the concept by scholars will help redeem the faulty perception that akombo are divinities worshipped by the Tiv.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 138-144\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Iorshager Terhemba Ph.D<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Philisophy and Religion, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Wayas, David Tarhom<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Linguistics and Nigerian languages, University of Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] _____\u00ac\u00ac\u00acOn the Tiv of Central Nigeria. Ibadan: John Archers, 2007.\r\n[2] Casaleggio, E. N. The Land will Yield its Fruits: Fifty Years of Mission Work in the Sudan. Unpublished Manuscript, n.d.\r\n[3] Downes R. M. Tiv Religion. Ibadan: University Press, 1971.\r\n[4] Dzurgba, Akpenpuun.\u00ac\u00ac\u00ac\u00ac\u00ac\u00ac\u00ac\u00ac\u00ac\u00ac\u00ac\u00ac \u201cThe Minor Divinities Commonly Worshipped among the Tiv People of Benue Plateau State of Nigeria\u201d, B. A. Degree Thesis submitted to Department of Religion, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 1974.\r\n[5] East, Rupert (Trans.) Akiga\u2019s Story: The Tiv Tribe as Seen by One of its Members. London: Oxford University, 2003.\r\n[6] Gbenda, \u2018\u2018The Tiv Traditional Worldview in Tumult: An Outline and Interpretation.\u201d An M A Dissertation University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 1997.\r\n[7] Igboaka, Okey. The Alekwu Cult and its Challenge to the Catholic Church Thrust towards Inculturation in Idomaland. Enugu: Snaap, 2007.\r\n[8] Makar, T. \u201cA History of Political Change among the Tiv in the 19th and 20th Centuries\u201d (unpublished Ph. D Thesis, A. B. U. Zaria) 1975.\r\n[9] Rubingh, Eugene. Sons of Tiv: A Study of the Rise of the Church among the Tiv of Central Nigeria. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1969.\r\n[10] Torkula, Alfred Akawe. The Cosmology in Tiv Worldview. Makurdi: Oracle, 2006.\r\n[11] Tseay\u00f4, Justin Iyorbee. Conflict and Incorporation in Nigeria: The Intergation of the Tiv. Zaria: Gaskiya, 1975.\r\n[12] Ushe, Mike Ushe. Kpor of Tiv Culture. Enugu: SAN, 2007.\r\n[13] Waapera Nina Perpetua. Symbolism in Tiv Religion and Culture. Lagos: Bahiti and Dalila, 2014.\r\n[14] Yakubu, S. Joshua. Mbaheberu man Tiv. Makurdi: Baraka, 1991.\r\n[15] Yuhe, Domnic V. \u201cThe Encounter of Tiv Religious Values with Catholicism in the time of Secularization\u201d (Ph.D Thesis) Urbanian University Rome, 1978.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Iorshager Terhemba Ph.D , Wayas, David Tarhom&#8221;Akombo in Tiv Traditional Worldview: A Theological Discourse&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.138-144 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/138-144.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/138-144.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/akombo-in-tiv-traditional-worldview-a-theological-discourse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Akombo in Tiv Traditional Worldview: A Theological Discourse<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16f2caf elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16f2caf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16f2da6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16f2da6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f2f83\" data-id=\"16f2f83\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16f30e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16f30e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16f319a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16f319a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f3305\" data-id=\"16f3305\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16f3433 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16f3433\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16f34e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16f34e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f3642\" data-id=\"16f3642\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16f3755 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16f3755\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16f3804 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16f3804\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f3969\" data-id=\"16f3969\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16f3a84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16f3a84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16f3b23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16f3b23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f3c89\" data-id=\"16f3c89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16f3d98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16f3d98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16f3e41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16f3e41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f3fa4\" data-id=\"16f3fa4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16f40c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16f40c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16f4169 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16f4169\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17000bb\" data-id=\"17000bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17001e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17001e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Quest for Socioeconomic Development in Kenya: A Review of the Impact of Public Infrastructure on the Voyage<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Vincent Cheruiyot Kirui, Dr. Paul Kipyegon Sang &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 145-158<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1700289 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1700289\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170041e\" data-id=\"170041e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170055f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"170055f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2411\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2412\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2413\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2414\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2415\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2416\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2411\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study is focused on \u201cThe impact of public infrastructure on sustainable socioeconomic development in the context of Coexistence and Shared Common Future; Transport and Communication; Creativity and Social Innovation; Living Standards and Social Equity\u201d. The paper highlights the merits and the challenges that diminish the stakeholders\u2019 expectations. The methodology used in this study is an in-depth review of existing literature on the roles of public infrastructure on socioeconomic reforms from various parts of the world. The study established that reliable, adequate and quality infrastructure (transport, energy, water and telecommunication) attract FDIs which in turn help in revitalizing economic strides. Oil and wind exploitation infrastructures in Northern Kenya provide local communities with employment opportunities, water, electricity and improved transport. Increased pollution in oil-sites proximities also featured in the findings as a retrogressive impact. This paper also adds to the available literature a more expanded concept of public infrastructure-Socioeconomic nexus that can encourage a holistic model of studying socioeconomic development in the context of the dynamics of the global geo-political system. It places the agenda of socioeconomic development to the affinity of the governance structures to public infrastructure.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 145-158\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2412\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vincent Cheruiyot Kirui1<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPh.D. Student, School of Business, Department of Management Science Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Paul Kipyegon Sang <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPh.D., Lecturer, School of Business, Department of Management Science, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2413\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] American Economic Association &amp; Journal Storage -JASTOR. (2017). Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth. Journal of Economic Literature, 55(1), 309-318. Retrieved March 8, 2020, from www.jstor.org\/stable\/26303263\r\n[2] Asian Development Bank Institute. (2015). The Impact of Infrastructure on Trade and Economic Growth in Selected Economies In Asia. (N. W. Ismail, &amp; J. M. Mahyideen, Eds.) Workin Paper Series(553). Retrieved March 22, 2020, from www.adbi.org\r\n[3] Bahrini, R., &amp; Qaffas, A. A. (2019). Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth: Evidence from Developing Countries. Molecular Diversity Preservation International-MDPI. doi:10.3390\/economies7010021\r\n[4] Brown, C. (2017). Poverty Alleviation, Global Justice,. Ethics &amp; International Affairs, 31(3). doi:10.1017\/S0892679417000247\r\n[5] Cai Fang, R. G. (n.d.). Title: 40 years of China\u2019s Reform and Development: How Reform Captured China\u2019s Demographic Dividend. (L. S. Ross Garnaut, Ed.) ANU Press. Retrieved March 28 , 2020, from https:\/\/ezproxy.ku.ac.ke\/login\r\n[6] Federov, G. M., &amp; Mikhaylov, A. S. (2019). Socioeconomic Asymmetry in Regional Development Across Russia. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 14(4), 35-52. Retrieved March 28, 2020, from https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.2307\/26816977\r\n[7] Frolova, E. V., Vinichenko, M. V., Kirillov, A. V., Rogach, O. V., &amp; Kabanova, E. E. (2016). Development of Social Infrastructure in the Management Practices of Local Authorities: Trends and Factors. International Journal of Ennvironmental Science Education, 11(15).\r\n[8] G., K. M., &amp; Eremie, M. D. (2016). Co-existence in Nageria Society: Implication for Counselling. International Journal of Innovative Development &amp; Policicy Studies, 4(4), 28-35. Retrieved April 9, 2020, from www.seahipaj.org\r\n[9] Gichohi, W. R. (2016). Public Private Partnership: A Panacea for Infrastructure Deficit? The International Journal of Business &amp; Management, 4(12), 20-28. Retrieved from www.theijbm.com\r\n[10] International Institute for Sustainable Development-IISD. (2017). Socioeconomic and Environmental Considerations. International Institute for Sustainable Development-IISD. Retrieved March 28, 2020, from https:\/\/ezproxy.ku.ac.ke\/login\r\n[11] Islam, M. S. (2009). From Development Project to Globalization: Understanding World Politics, Class Relations and Development Choices. In M. S. Islam, H. V., &amp; J. R. Ursah (Eds.), Globalization: Understanding, Management and Effects (pp. 108-124). Novas Sicence. Retrieved April Sunday, 2020\r\n[12] Izueke, E. M., Okoli, F., &amp; Nzekwe, I. I. (2014). Peaceful Coexistence: A Tool for Sustainable Development Along the Boundary Corridor of NIgeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(27), 364. doi:10.5901\/mjss.2014.v5n27p364\r\n[13] Kalim, S. (2011). Malaysia\u2019s Socio-Economic Transformation in Historical Perspective. International Journal of Business and General Management (IJBGM), 1(2), 21-50. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/301337838\r\n[14] Kong, S. T. (2019). The Chinese Economic Transformation. ANU Press. Retrieved March 28, 2020, from https:\/\/ezproxy.ku.ac.ke\/login\r\n[15] Kursharjantoa, H., &amp; Kim, D. (2011). Infrastructure and Human Development: The case of Java, Indonesia. Journal of the Asia Pasific Economy, 16(1), 111-124.\r\n[16] Liu, S. (2019). The Philosophic Interpretation of a Community of Shared Future for Mankind from the Perspective of the Marxist Philosophy. Open Acess Library Journal, 6(e5541). doi:10.4236\/oalib.1105541\r\n[17] Liu, W. (2018). GDP and the new concept of development: Understanding China\u2019s changingconcept of development in regards to GDP after the reform and opening-up. (L. S. Ross Garnaut, Ed.) ANU Press. Retrieved March 28, 2020, from https:\/\/ezproxy.ku.ac.ke\/login\r\n[18] Liu, Y., Guo, Y., &amp; Zhou, Y. (2017). Poverty alleviation in Rural China: Policy changes, future challenges and policy implications. China Agricultural Economic, 10(2), 241-259. doi:10.1108\/CAER-10-2017-0192\r\n[19] Mekoa, I., &amp; Busari, D. (2018). Social Cohesion: Its Meaning ad Complexities- Literatue Review. Journal of Social Sciences. Retrieved March 21, 2020\r\n[20] Melia, E. (2019). The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies in Africa: A Literature Review. German Development Institute, Bonn, Germany. doi:10.23661\/dp3.2019\r\n[21] Mohajan, H. K. (2013). Poverty and Economic Development of Keneya. International Journal for Information Technology and Business, 18(1). Retrieved MArch 21, 2020, from www.jitbm.com\r\n[22] Musau, P. M., &amp; Kirui, C. (2018). Project Management Practices and Implimentation of Government Projects in Kenya, Case of Machakos County Government. International Academic Journal of Information Science and Project Mangement, 3(2), 58-79. Retrieved March 21, 2020\r\n[23] Mwenzwa, E. M., &amp; Misati, J. A. (2014). Kenya&#8217;s Social Development Proposal nad Challenges: Review of Kenya Vision 2030 First Madium-Term Plan 2008-2012 . American Internatioanl Journal of Contemporary Research, 4(1). Retrieved March 20, 2020\r\n[24] Pathak, K., &amp; MV, D. (2019). India: Impact of Globalization. International Journal of Mnagement and Commerce Innovations, 7(1), 752-755. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from www.researchpublish.com\r\n[25] Sardarov, T. (2018). Social Infrastructure Regulating in an Emaerging Economy. Academy of Strategic Management, 17(3). Retrieved March 22, 2020\r\n[26] Spencer Banzhaf, L. M., &amp; Timmins, C. (2019). Environmental Justice: The Economics of Race, Place, and Pollution. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(1), 185-208. Retrieved March 28, 2020, from https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.2307\/26566983\r\n[27] World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competetive Report 2015-2016. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved March 20, 2020, from www.weforum.org\/gcr\r\n[28] Xiaochun, Z. (2018). In Pursuit of a Shared Future: China&#8217;s Global Activism in Perspective. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 4(1), pp. 23-37. doi:10.1142\/S2377740018500082\r\n[29] YaBing, Z., &amp; Al-Mutawakel, O. (2017). Infrastructure Developing and Economic Growth in United Arab Emoirates. Business and Economi Research, 8(1). doi:10.5296\/ber.v8i1.12355\r\n[30] Yaraghi, N., &amp; Ravi, S. (2017). The Current and Future State of the Sharing Economy. Brookings India IMPACT Series(032017). Retrieved April 10, 2020, from www.brookings.in\r\n[31] Zamojska, A., &amp; Prochniak, J. (2017). Measuring the Social Impact of Infrastructure Projects: The case of Gdansk International Fair Co. Journal of Economic Literature. doi:10.7341\/20171342\r\n[32] Zhang, D. (2018). The Concept of Community of Destiny in China&#8217;s Diplomacy: Meaning, Motive and Implication. Asia &amp; The Pacific Policy Studies, 5(2), 196-207. doi:10.1002\/app5.231\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2414\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Vincent Cheruiyot Kirui1, Dr. Paul Kipyegon Sang &#8220;The Quest for Socioeconomic Development in Kenya: A Review of the Impact of Public Infrastructure on the Voyage&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.145-158 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/145-158.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2415\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/145-158.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2416\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-quest-for-socioeconomic-development-in-kenya-a-review-of-the-impact-of-public-infrastructure-on-the-voyage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> The Quest for Socioeconomic Development in Kenya: A Review of the Impact of Public Infrastructure on the Voyage<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1704146 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17045f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17047a6\" data-id=\"17047a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17048ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17048ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1704994 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1704994\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1704b01\" data-id=\"1704b01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1704c19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1704c19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1704cbd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1704cbd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1704e15\" data-id=\"1704e15\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1704f2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1704f2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1704fd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1704fd1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170511f\" data-id=\"170511f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1705236 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1705236\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17052d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17052d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170544a\" data-id=\"170544a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1705565 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1705565\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Analysis Of Urban Structure And Healthy City: Ede Metropolitan City In Perspective<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Anthony Ikpeme Ankeli, Muhammad Bashar Nuhu, Abass Iyanda Sule, Adegbile Moses Adeleke, Oluwole Titilayo Alabi &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 159-167<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170562b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170562b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17057b4\" data-id=\"17057b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17058f4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17058f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2411\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2412\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2413\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2414\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2415\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2416\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2411\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Recent studies on urban structures in Nigerian cities have focused on a work trip and transportation, urban decay, population explosion and urban land use crisis in major urban centres like Lagos, Kano, Abuja, Port Harcourt and Ibadan which are the main commercial centres and industrial hubs of the nation. Studies of urban spatial structure concerning city health in medium-sized cities and towns like Minna in Niger state, Akure in Ondo state and Osogbo in Osun have received little or no attention not to talk of smaller cities like Otukpo, Ede, Otan-Aiyegbaju, Saki and others in that category. The scantiness of these studies has made it difficult to have access to adequate and appropriate information and database for any effective and meaningful planning for urban planning and the health of inhabitants of cities in this category. Hence this study examines the internal structure of Ede metropolitan city concerning its health. Ede, the traditional home of the warlord in Yoruba land, is one of the most important towns in the old Oyo Empire. As a theoretical work, secondary data sources were explored to analyse the spatial structure of the city growth, health and land use. The study recommends among others the identification and replacement of the rundown structure, the provision of basic amenities and concludes that the adherence to the above-suggested ideas will go a long way in ensuring a fair and sustainable healthy city in Nigeria that will be in line with the demand of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 159-167\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41101\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41101<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2412\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anthony Ikpeme Ankeli<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Muhammad Bashar Nuhu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Abass Iyanda Sule<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Adegbile Moses Adeleke <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management and Valuation, The Oke Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Oluwole Titilayo Alabi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management and Valuation, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2413\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abonta, R.E (2016). City Growth: Issues and Challenges of Urban Sustainability in Nigeria. Being a text of the 46th Annual Conference Paper presented at the Conference of the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers held at Transcorp Hilton Hotel, Abuja on the 13th April.\r\n[2] Ade, M. A. &amp; Afolabi, Y. D. (2013). Monitoring Urban Sprawl in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria, using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. The Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management.6 (1) 354 &#8211; 378\r\n[3] Adelakan, I. O. (2009) Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Climate Change in Lagos, Nigeria. 5th Urban Research Symposium\r\n[4] Adenjini, G and Ogundiji, B. (2009) Climate Adaptation in Nigerian Cities: Regularising Informal and Illegal Settlements in Ibadan 5th Urban Research Symposium.\r\n[5] Adetunji M.A (2010) Spatial Analysis of Urban Mobility Pattern in Ilesa, Osun State. Unpublished PhD Thesis Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- Ife\r\n[6] Adetunji, M. A. &amp; Aloba, O (2013): Urban Spatial Structure and Work Trip Patterns in South-Western Nigeria: The example of Ilesa Journal of Geography and Regional Planning. 6(4) 93-102.\r\n[7] Aguda, A. S. &amp; Adegboyega, S.A. (2013). Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Urban Sprawl in Osogbo, Nigeria, using Satellite Imagery and GIS Techniques International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research. Sept\/Oct issue\r\n[8] Ajala, O.A. &amp; Olayiwola A. M. (2013). An Assessment of the Growth of Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria, Using Multi-Temporal Imageries. Journal of Geography and Geology.5, (2)\r\n[9] Alabi, M. O. (2009). Urban Sprawl, Pattern and Measurement in Lokoja, Nigeria. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management 4 (13)\r\n[10] Aliyu, A. A &amp; Amadu, L (2017). Urbanisation, Cities, and Health: The Challenges to Nigeria- A Review. Annals of African Medicine\r\n[11] Aloba.O. (1989). The Structure of Work-Trips in Benin City, Nigeria Journal of the Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria 1(1):63-81.\r\n[12] Ankeli, I. A, Nuhu, M. B, Sule, I. A, Ankeli, U. C, Alade A. F (2019). Land Use Conversions and Rental Value Regime in an Emerging City. The Awareness, Attention and Action. Proceedings of 74th Researchfora International Conference, Hamburg, Germany, 4th &#8211; 5th December.\r\n[13] Ankeli, I.A. (2007). An Empirical Study on the Impact of Tertiary Institutions on Residential Properties Rental Values in a Developing Nation. A Case study of The Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State. International Journal of Sciences, Engineering and Environmental Technology (IJOSEET), 2 (1). 97 &#8211; 107.\r\n[14] Ankeli, I. A &amp; Akinjogbin, I.O (2008). Assessment of on the Job Performance of Polytechnic Graduates: A Situation Analysis of Federal Polytechnic Ede Graduands. International Journal of Sciences, Engineering and Environmental Technology (IJOSEET) 2 (1). 25 &#8211; 39.\r\n[15] Ankeli, I. A, Daniel, I. D, Oyeleke, O. O, Guyimu, J, &amp; Oladimeji, E. J (2015). Housing Condition and Residential Property Rental Values in Ede, Nigeria. Conference of the International Journal of Arts &amp; Sciences, 08(01):53\u201361\r\n[16] Ankeli, I.A, Ankeli, U.C, Sule, I.A, Nuhu M.B &amp; Kemiki, O.A (2018). Traffic Congestion and Urban Property Rental Values in An Emerging City: A Phenomenon always Overlooked. International Journal of Arts &amp; Sciences, 11(01)115\u2013128\r\n[17] Atu, J. E; Offiong, R. A; Eni, D. I; Eja, E. I &amp; Esien, O. E. (2012) The Effects of Urban Sprawl on Peripheral Agricultural Lands in Calabar, Nigeria. International Review of Social Sciences &amp; Humanities 2(2) 119-128\r\n[18] Bloch, R, Fox S, Monroy J. &amp; Ojo A. (2015) Urbanisation and Urban Expansion in Nigeria. Urbanisation Research Nigeria (URN) Research Report London: ICF International.\r\n[19] Bijimi, C. K. (2013) The Relevance Of A Good Urban Design In Managing Urban Sprawl in Nigeria International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Research; 1( 4)\r\n[20] Daniel, I. D, Lawal, K.O, Adebowale, P. A, Ankeli, I. A and Gambo, M. J (2016). Infrastructural Facilities and the Rental Values of Residential Properties in Osun, Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 05(01):87\u201396\r\n[21] Duhl, L.J &amp; Sanchez, A.K (1999) Healthy Cities and the City Planning Process: A Background Document on Links between Health and Urban Planning. Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark\r\n[22] Galea, S., Freudenberg, N &amp; Vlahov, D (2005). Cities and Population Health. Social Science &amp; Medicine 60 (2005) 1017\u20131033\r\n[23] Gbadamosi K. T &amp; Ibrahim, S. A (2013): Land Use Conversion and Traffic Situation in Lagos, Nigeria: An Impact Assessment of Victoria Island. Being the full length of a paper to be presented at 13th WCTR held in Windsor Barra Hotel Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on July 15-18\r\n[24] Hopton J &amp; Hunt S (1996) Housing conditions and mental health in a disadvantaged area of Scotland, Journal of Epidemiology Community Health 50\r\n[25] Iravani, H &amp; Rao, V (2020). The effects of New Urbanism on public health, Journal of Urban Design, 25 (2) 218-235, DOI: 10.1080\/13574809.2018.1554997\r\n[26] Max Lock Consultancy Nigeria (2009) Port Harcourt Waterfront Urban Regeneration Scoping Study. MLC Press, University of Westminster, London, UK\r\n[27] Odufuwa, B. O, Fransen, J., Bongwa, J and Gianoli, A (2009): Cities, theories and reality. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning 2(10) 243-248.\r\n[28] Okoko, E (2008) Urban Transportation Planning and Modelling. Millennium Publishers Akure Nigeria\r\n[29] Olujimi, Julius (s2009). Evolving a Planning Strategy for Managing Urban Sprawl in Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology; 25 (3) 201-208\r\n[30] Omole, F.K (2001): Basic Issues in Housing Development. Ondo, Nigeria, Femo Bless Publication\r\n[31] Shearmur, R (2011). What Is an Urban Structure? The Challenge of Foreseeing 21st Century Spatial Patterns of the Urban Economy. A Working Paper, no 2011-06 prepared for Seminario Internacional Ciudades, Globalizaci\u00f3n. www.ucs.inrs.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/centre_ucs\/pdf\/Inedit06-11.pdf\r\n[32] Structure plan of Ede Structure and Environ (2014 \u2013 2033). United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), 2014\r\n[33] Tofowomo, Abimbola (2008). The Planning Implications of Urban Sprawl in Akure. 44th ISOCARP Congress 2008\r\n[34] Washington DC, New York (2015): Department of Economic and Social Affairs\r\n[35] World Bank (2014). Environmental and Social Management Framework. Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project (IUFMP), Final Report\r\n[36] World Health Organization Report (2009). Urban Planning and Human Health in the European City. International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISOCARP) Version 09th June\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2414\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Anthony Ikpeme Ankeli, Muhammad Bashar Nuhu, Abass Iyanda Sule, Adegbile Moses Adeleke, Oluwole Titilayo Alabi, &#8220;Analysis Of Urban Structure And Healthy City: Ede Metropolitan City In Perspective&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.159-167 November 2020\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41101<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2415\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/159-167.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2416\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-urban-structure-and-healthy-city-ede-metropolitan-city-in-perspective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Analysis Of Urban Structure And Healthy City: Ede Metropolitan City In Perspective<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170944e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"170944e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170954b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170954b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1709738\" data-id=\"1709738\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17098a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17098a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170995f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170995f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1709ad2\" data-id=\"1709ad2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1709c07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1709c07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1709cb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1709cb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1709e13\" data-id=\"1709e13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1709f2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1709f2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1709fd4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1709fd4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170a12c\" data-id=\"170a12c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170a23f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"170a23f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170a2df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170a2df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170a433\" data-id=\"170a433\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170a56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"170a56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170a627 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170a627\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170a7ad\" data-id=\"170a7ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170a8ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"170a8ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Evaluation of the Ramifications of Single Parenthood on the Academic Performance of Students in Second Cycle and Tertiary Institutions at Agogo Asante Akyem North District<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nicholas Aning Boadu, James Badu Afari ,Florencia Adai Nottinson, James Dasinor &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 168-170<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170a981 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170a981\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170ab11\" data-id=\"170ab11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170ac50 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"170ac50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2411\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2412\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2413\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2414\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2415\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2416\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2411\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The researchers delved on the ramifications of single parenting on adolescents\u2019 academic performance in second cycle and tertiary institutions at Agogo Asante Akyem North district-Ghana. The research methodology was descriptive research survey and primary data collection through questionnaires. Against this backdrop, the study was quantitative. Overall, the population of the study was about 6812 students from two secondary schools and three tertiary institutions. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 2150 students, depicting 39% of the population. The researchers provide justification that the sampling frame of targeting respondents from single parenthood background aided the collection of tentative and accurate responses from the respondents leading to discovery of pragmatic findings for practical decision making. Data was analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 22.0. Hypotheses testing were formulated at 5% significant level and found to have significant but adverse impact on the academic performance of adolescents within the district.\r\nThe researchers recommended a collaborative effort between school administrators and parents to provide psychological and economic assistance to students with single parenthood background for effective academic performance. The researchers further recommended that scholarship schemes should focus on needy but brilliant students from single parenthood background so as to cushion them off economic burdens and hardships and foster serene academic environment for all.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 168-170\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2412\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nicholas Aning Boadu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nTutor (Social Studies Department) and Ag. Vice Principal, Agogo Presbyterian Women\u2019s College Of Education, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>James Badu Afari <\/strong><\/span>\r\nHOD(Social Studies Department), Agogo Presbyterian Women\u2019s College Of Education, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Florencia Adai Nottinson<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant College Secretary, Agogo Presbyterian Women\u2019s College Of Education, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> James Dasinor<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenior Adm Assistant, Agogo Presbyterian Women\u2019s College Of Education, Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2413\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Laug ho, J. 2008. \u201cFamilies strukturog Skoleprestasjoner\u201d Family structure and school achievements. Tidsskrift for ungdomsforskning 8:3-29.\r\n[2] Nyarko, K. (2010). Parental home involvement: The missing link in adolescents\u2019 academic achievement. Educational Research, 1(9), 340- 344.\r\n[3] Odeyemi(2019). Impact of Single Parenthood on Adolescent Academic Performance in Secondary School Students. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/336180548\r\n[4] Odey emi-BSD (2018). Factors influencing Academic Performance of Tshwane Municipality Grade 9 Learners. Unpublished Thesis.\r\n[5] Wend y M. B. ( 2004), \u201cParent Involvement in Elementary School and Educational Attainment,\u201d Children and Youth Services Review 26, No. 1: 39-62.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2414\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nicholas Aning Boadu, James Badu Afari, Florencia Adai Nottinson, James Dasinor, &#8220;An Evaluation of the Ramifications of Single Parenthood on the Academic Performance of Students in Second Cycle and Tertiary Institutions at Agogo Asante Akyem North District.&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.168-170 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/168-170.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2415\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/168-170.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2416\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-evaluation-of-the-ramifications-of-single-parenthood-on-the-academic-performance-of-students-in-second-cycle-and-tertiary-institutions-at-agogo-asante-akyem-north-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Evaluation of the Ramifications of Single Parenthood on the Academic Performance of Students in Second Cycle and Tertiary Institutions at Agogo Asante Akyem North District<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170e7ef elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"170e7ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170e901 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170e901\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170eacc\" data-id=\"170eacc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170ec08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"170ec08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170efe8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170efe8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170f138\" data-id=\"170f138\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170f25b elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170f566 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"170f566\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170f60d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170f60d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170f756\" data-id=\"170f756\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170f8f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170f8f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-170fbed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"170fbed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170fd60\" data-id=\"170fd60\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170feb3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"170feb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2411\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2412\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2413\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2414\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2415\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2416\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2411\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This study aims to appraise the role of venture capital (VC) financing on the growth and development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kano State. The SMEs growth and development in Nigeria is crippled due to lack of financing. The survival of SMEs requires not only financing from bank loans but other alternative sources. The advent of venture capital financing in Nigeria served as sustainable financing mechanisms to resuscitate SMEs\u2019 performance. To achieve the research objectives, the study employs quantitative approach by distributing 50 questionnaires to the existing venture capital firms in Kano State. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 5 venture capitalist organizations in Kano State to participate in the study. The 50 questionnaires collected were analysed using descriptive statistics by using percentages and tabulation. Empirical findings demonstrated a substantial growth and development of SMEs through venture capital financing. The study also revealed that the operation of venture capital is successful, profitable and favoured SMEs in Kano State. Thus, entrepreneurs patronize and prefer venture capital financing than traditional banking loans. Therefore, it is recommended that proper policy framework should be developed to increase the number of venture capital firms in Nigeria. More so, awareness creation and provision of adequate fund are highly recommended.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 171-178\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2412\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ummi Ibrahim Atah <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Saadatu Rimi College of Education Kumbotso, Kano State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Safiyya Abubakar Abba<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Saadatu Rimi College of Education Kumbotso, Kano State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2413\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abereijo, I. 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Journal of Financial Management &amp; Analysis. Vol. 22 Issue 2, p49-58. 10p.\r\n[6] Agwu, M. O., &amp; Emeti, C. I. (2014). Issues, challenges and prospects of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Port-Harcourt city. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(1), 101-101.\r\n[7] Aremu, M. A., &amp; Adeyemi, S. L. (2011). Small and medium scale enterprises as a survival strategy for employment generation in Nigeria. Journal of sustainable development, 4(1), 200.\r\n[8] Ariyo, D. (2000). The Growth and prospect for Venture Capital activities in Nigeria, Africa Economic Analysis, Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.afbis.com\/analysis\/venture.html.\r\n[9] Asikhia, O. (2010). Customer orientation and firm performance among Nigerian small and medium scale businesses. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(1), 197.\r\n[10] Bongomin, G. O. C., Ntayi, J. M., Munene, J. C., &amp; Malinga, C. A. (2017). 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(2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.\r\n[16] Daramola, A. (2012). New Technology-Based Firms and Venture Capital Policy in Nigeria. Journal of Innovation Economics &amp; Management, (1), 163-181.\r\n[17] Ekpenyong, D. B., &amp; Nyong, M. O. (1992). Small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria: Their characteristics, problems and sources of finance. AERC, Nairobi, KE.\r\n[18] Etuk, R. U., Etuk, G. R., &amp; Michael, B. (2014). Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) and Nigeria\u2019s economic development. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(7), 656.\r\n[19] Groot, A. E., Bolt, J. S., Jat, H. S., Jat, M. L., Kumar, M., Agarwal, T., &amp; Blok, V. (2019). Business models of SMEs as a mechanism for scaling climate smart technologies: The case of Punjab, India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 210, 1109-1119.\r\n[20] Gompers, P. A. (1996). Grandstanding in the venture capital industry. Journal of Financial Economics, 42(1), 133\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-405X(96)00874-4\r\n[21] Gompers, P., &amp; Lerner, J. (1999). The Venture Capital Cycle (Cambridge, Mass.).\r\n[22] Gumel, B. I. (2019). Mitigating the challenges of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(3), 82-99.\r\n[23] Hirukawa, M., &amp; Ueda, M. (2003). Venture capital and productivity, Unpublished thesis.University of Wisconsin. mimeo.\r\n[24] Kato, A. I., &amp; Tsoka, G. E. (2020). Impact of venture capital financing on small-and medium- sized enterprises\u2019 performance in Uganda. The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 12(1), 11.\r\n[25] Kaplan, S. N., &amp; Str\u00f6mberg, P. (2003). Financial contracting theory meets the real world: An empirical analysis of venture capital contracts. The Review of Economic Studies, 70(2), 281-315\r\n[26] Mpi, D. L. (2019). Encouraging micro, small and medium enterprises (msmes) for economic growth and development in nigeria and other developing economies: the role of \u201cthe igbo apprenticeship system.\u201d The Strategic Journal of Business &amp; Change Management., 6(1), 535\u2013543. Retrieved from www.strategicjournals.com\r\n[27] Motta, V., &amp; Sharma, A. (2020). Lending technologies and access to finance for SMEs in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 86, 10237\r\n[28] Obadan, M. I., &amp; Odusola, A. F. (2000). Productivity and Unemployment in Nigeria. National Centre for Economics Management and Administration. Ibadan.\r\n[29] Obeng, Y.P., Osei-Tutu Y.B, &amp; Amamu, D. (2009). An appraisal of venture capital activity in Ghana. Thesis presentation to Ghana Business School for the award of Bachelor of Science in Administration; University of Ghana, Legon\r\n[30] Okello Candiya Bongomin, G., Mpeera Ntayi, J., Munene, J.C. and Akol Malinga, C. (2017). The relationship between access to finance and growth of SMEs in developing economies: Financial literacy as a moderator. Review of International Business and Strategy, Vol. 27, N, 520\u2013538.\r\n[31] Okoh, V. C. (2020). Technovation and Performance of Small Scale Enterprises in Benin City Nigeria (Doctoral dissertation, Kwara State University (Nigeria).\r\n[32] Ollor, W. G., &amp; Dagogo, D. W. (2009). The effect of venture capital financing on the economic value added profile of Nigerian SMEs. African Journal of Accounting, Economics, Finance and Banking Research, 5(5).\r\n[33] Owusu-Adjei K. (2010) A survey of Ghanaian private equity industry and its contribution to private sector development; A thesis presentation to the Department of Business\r\n[34] Administration, for the award of bachelor degree in Business Administration, Ashesi University College, Ghana.\r\n[35] Poku, K., &amp; Frimpong, F. A. (2009). The assessment of the prospects of venture capital finance in Ghana: The views and perception of some selected SMEs in Ghana. In Ninth Annual IBER and TLC Conference Proceedings\r\n[36] Puri, M., &amp; Zarutskie, R. (2012). On the life cycle dynamics of venture\u2010 capital\u2010 and nonventure\u2010 capital\u2010 financed firms. The Journal of Finance, 67(6), 2247-2293.\r\n[37] Reynolds, P.D., Hay, M., &amp; Camp, S.M. (1999). SMEs Global Entrepreneurship &#8230;. For Dutch SMEs in International Perspective, Zoetermeer: EIM Business &amp; Policy Research.\r\n[38] Sahlman, W. A. (1990). The structure and governance of venture-capital organizations. Journal of Financial Economics, 27(2), 473\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-405X(90)90065-8\r\n[39] Salomon, V. (2016). Emergent models of financial intermediation for innovative companies: from venture capital to crowd investing platforms in Switzerland. Venture Capital, 18(1), 21-41.\r\n[40] Ufua, D. E., Olujobi, O. J., Ogbari, M. E., Dada, J. A., &amp; Edafe, O. D. (2020). Operations of small and medium enterprises and the legal system in Nigeria. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 7(1), 1-7.\r\n[41] Ugbala, C. P., Owolabi, K. A., Adesina, A. O., &amp; Ajayi, T. B. (2020). Public Library as a Source of Business Information for Small-Scale Business Enterprises in Nigeria. Public Library Quarterly, 1-14.\r\n[42] Ugwu-oju, O. M., Onodugo, A. V., &amp; Mbah, C. P. (2020). Appraisal of government funding schemes on the development of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria: a study of Enugu state. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development.\r\n[43] Walter, M. H., Offiong, A. I., &amp; Udoka, C. O. Venture Capital Financing and The Growth of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Calaber Metroplis, Cross River State, Nigeria. World Journal of Innovative Research, 5(1).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2414\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ummi Ibrahim Atah &amp; Safiyya Abubakar Abba &#8220;An appraisal of venture Capital financing on the growth and development of small and medium scale enterprises in Kumbotso Local government area of Kano State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.171-178 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/171-178.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2415\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/171-178.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2416\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-appraisal-of-venture-capital-financing-on-the-growth-and-development-of-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-in-kumbotso-local-government-area-of-kano-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An appraisal of venture Capital financing on the growth and development of small and medium scale enterprises in Kumbotso Local government area of Kano State<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1711096 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1711096\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1711199 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1711199\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1711338\" data-id=\"1711338\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171145b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"171145b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-171150f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"171150f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-171166d\" data-id=\"171166d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171177e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"171177e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-171181b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"171181b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1711973\" data-id=\"1711973\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1711a7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1711a7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1711e27 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1711e27\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1711f73\" data-id=\"1711f73\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1712082 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1712082\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1712132 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1712132\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-171227a\" data-id=\"171227a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1712387 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1712387\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1712422 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1712422\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-171258c\" data-id=\"171258c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171269c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"171269c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Antecedents of Corporate Governance and Customer Satisfaction in the Banking Sector of Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr Faitira Manuere, Viriri Piason, Whami Martha, Taurai Manyadze- November 2020 Page No.: 179-182<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-171273a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"171273a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17128b0\" data-id=\"17128b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17129e7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17129e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2411\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2412\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2413\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2414\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2415\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2415\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2416\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2411\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2411\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Customer satisfaction remains one of the pillars of company performance in the banking sector of Zimbabwe. The aim of the study is to measure the relationship between customer satisfaction and corporate governance in the banking sector. There are thirteen commercial banks in Zimbabwe. These banks include Agriculture Development Bank of Zimbabwe, BancABC, First Capital Bank Limited, CBZ Bank Limited, Ecobank Zimbabwe Limited, Stanbic Bank Limited, Nedbank Zimbabwe Limited, Metbank, NMB Bank, Stanbic Bank, Steward Bank and ZB Bank. A review of extent literature shows that no study has been done to investigate the impact of corporate governance on customer satisfaction in the commercial banks of Zimbabwe. Therefore, this study makes use of two corporate governance variables. These are: CEO duality and outside directors. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data for this study. The systematic sampling technique enabled the research to generate a sample of 163 customers from the given commercial banks. Hierarchical regression tests were used to test the hypothesis in this study. The results showed that CEO duality is associated with poor customer satisfaction. However, there is no significant relationship between outside directors and customer satisfaction. The study recommends that commercial banks should provide both efficient and attractive services in order to lure more customers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 179-182\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2412\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2412\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr Faitira Manuere<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Entrepreneurship and Business Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Viriri Piason<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of International Marketing, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Whami Martha<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Entrepreneurship and Business Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Taurai Manyadze<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Entrepreneurship and Business Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2413\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2413\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Baysinger, B. 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CEO duality and organizational performance: A longitudinal analysis.Strategic Management Journal. 12(2): 155-160.\r\n[37] Reicheld, A., &amp; Sasser, W.( 1990) &#8216;A Survey of Corporate Governance&#8217;, The Journal of Finance, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 737-83.\r\n[38] Sridharan, L., &amp; Marsimbo, R.( 1987). &#8216;Compare and Contrast: Perspectives on Board Committees&#8217;, Corporate Governance: An International Review, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 489-99.\r\n[39] Swanson, S. R. 2003. The relationship of differential with perceived quality and behavioral intentions. Journal ofServices Marketing. 17(2): 202-219.\r\n[40] Tuisenge, L,E. (2018). Hearing on: Stock Options Backdating before U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs.\r\n[41] Uzun, H., Szewczyk, S. H., &amp;Varma, R. 2004.Board composition and corporate fraud. Financial Analysts Journal.60:33-43.\r\n[42] Zahra, S,A., Newbaum ,N., and Huse,F.(2000) &#8216;Board of Directors and Financial Performance: A Review and Integrative Model&#8217;, Journal of Management, vol. 15, pp. 291-334\r\n[43] Zahra, S. A. 1996. Governance, ownership, and corporate entrepreneurship: The moderating impact of industrytechnological opportunities. Academy of Management Journal. 39: 1713-1735.\r\n[44] Zahra, S. A., Neubaum, D. O., &amp;Huse, M. 2000. Entrepreneurship in medium-size companies: exploring theeffects of ownership and governance systems. Journal of Management. 26(5): 947.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2414\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2414\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Faitira Manuere, Viriri Piason, Whami Martha, Taurai Manyadze, &#8220;Antecedents of Corporate Governance and Customer Satisfaction in the Banking Sector of Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.179-182 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/179-182.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2416\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2416\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/antecedents-of-corporate-governance-and-customer-satisfaction-in-the-banking-sector-of-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Antecedents of Corporate Governance and Customer Satisfaction in the Banking Sector of Zimbabwe<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171d524 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"171dccf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-171de18\" data-id=\"171de18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171dfe5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"171dfe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-171e0fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"171e0fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-171e319\" data-id=\"171e319\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171e535 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"171e535\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-171e665 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"171e665\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-171e8c8\" data-id=\"171e8c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171ea7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"171ea7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-171eb62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"171eb62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-171edd9\" data-id=\"171edd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171ef19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"171ef19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-171efd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"171efd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-171f158\" data-id=\"171f158\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171f27e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"171f27e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan\u2019s Economic Growth and Its Impact on Employment<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Bushra Sarwar, Lefen Lin &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 183-191<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-171f324 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"171f324\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-171f49d\" data-id=\"171f49d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171f5e7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"171f5e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2421\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2421\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2422\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2422\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2423\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2423\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2424\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2424\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2425\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2425\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2426\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2426\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2421\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2421\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2421\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a significant role in promoting the economic growth and employment level of a country. The current study was conducted to analyze the impact of FDI on economic growth and employment level of Pakistan. Time series and secondary data were used ranging from 1990 to 2017. The data of Gross domestic product (GDP) and FDI inflow was collected from the World development data indicator (WDI), while data on employment (EMP) from international labor organization (ILO) estimates. ADF test and AR root test methods were used for FDI, GDP, and EMP. Using the regression results of the VAR model, variable relations were explained among each other with their lag values. The results of GDP L1 value show that GDP positively affects FDI, FDI LI shows that FDI positively affects FDI, and EMP L1 shows that employment positively affects FDI. Using GDP as a dependent variable, the result of FDI L2 value shows that FDI negatively affects GDP, EMP L1 value shows, employment positively affects GDP, and GDP L1 value shows that GDP positively affects GDP. Using EMP as the dependent variable, the results of GDP L1 value shows a positive effect on employment, FDI L1 value shows that FDI has a positive effect on employment, and EMP LI value shows that employment has a positive effect on employment. Taking together all results, it has been predicted that FDI plays a positive role in enhancing economic growth and employment in Pakistan.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 183-191\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2422\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2422\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2422\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bushra Sarwar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege of Finance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Lefen Lin <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege of Finance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2423\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2423\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2423\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli-Ozcan, S., Sayek, S. (2004). &#8220;FDI and Economic Growth: The Role of Local Financial Markets,&#8221; Journal of International Economics, 64, 1, pp. 89-112.\r\n[2] Buchanan, Bonnie G., Quan V Le, and Meenakshi R. (2012). Foreign direct investment and institutional quality: Some empirical evidence. International Review of Financial Analysis 21: 81\u201389.\r\n[3] Chakraborty, C. and P. Nunnenkamp (2008) Economic Reforms, FDI, and Economic Growth in India: A Sector Level Analysis. World Development 36:7,1192\u20131212.\r\n[4] Craigwell, R., 2006. Foreign Direct Investment and Employment in the English and Dutch-speaking Caribbean, [Online]. Available at: http:\/\/www.ilocarib.org.tt\/cef\/background%20papers\/FDI_.pdfm\r\n[5] De Mello, L.R. Jr (1999), \u201cForeign direct investment-led growth: evidence from time series and panel data\u201d, Oxford Economic Paper No. 51, University of Kent at Canterbury, Canterbury, Kent, pp. 133-51.\r\n[6] Farkas, B. (2012). Absorptive Capacities and the Impact of FDI on Economic Growth. DIW Berlin Discussion Paper No. 1202. Available at SSRN:https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2038182 or http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2038182\r\n[7] Habib, D.M. &amp; Sarwar, S. (2013). Impact of foreign direct investment on employment level in Pakistan: A time series analysis. Journal of Law Policy and Globalization, 10, 46-56.\r\n[8] Jenkins, R. (2006). \u201cGlobalization, FDI and employment in Vietnam\u201d. Transnational Corporations, 15(1), 115-142. J\r\n[9] Jensen. N. (2003) Democratic governance and multinational corporations: Political regimes and inflows of foreign direct investment, International Organization, 57(3): 587-616.\r\n[10] Johnson, A. (2006). \u201cThe Effects of FDI Inflows on Host Country Economic Growth.\u201d The Royal Institute of technology. Centre of Excellence \u2026 (August): 1\u201357.\r\n[11] Khan A., (2007), \u201cForeign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: The role of Domestic Financial sector\u201d, PIDE Working Paper 2007:18\r\n[12] Kumar, N. and Pradhan, J.P. (2002), \u201cFDI, externalities and economic growth in developing countries: some empirical explorations and implications for WTO negotiations on investment\u201d, Discussion Paper No. 27\/2002, Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, New Delhi\r\n[13] Le, M. H. and A. Ataullah (2006) Foreign Capital and Economic Performance of Pakistan. The Lahore Journal of Economics 7:1, 1\u201332.\r\nhttp:\/\/58.194.176.234\/gjtzx\/uploadfile\/200904\/20090401152909166.pdf.\r\n[14] Mehra, N. (2013). Impact of foreign direct investment on employment and gross domestic product in India. International Journal of Economics and Research, 4 (4), 29-38\r\n[15] Narayan, P.K. and Smyth, R. (2004). Crime rates, male youth unemployment and real income in Australia: evidence from granger causality tests. Applied Economics, 36(18), 2079-2095\r\n[16] Pakistan Economic Survey. (2014-15). Govt. of Pakistan, Econ. Advisor\u2019s Wing, Finance Div. Islamabad, Pakistan. Pakistan labor force survey 7th July 2015 uploaded by file:\/\/\/D:\/reseach%20china\/research%20on%20employment\/PK_cp_%20Key%20Indicators%20on%20Labour%20Force%20(Pakistan).pdf\r\n[17] Rizvi, S.Z.A. and Nishat, M. (2009). The impact of foreign direct investment on employment opportunities: Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(4),51-59, 2016\r\n[18] Sarwar et al.(2016) , Foreign Direct Investment And Employment Nexus: Evidence From Pakistan: Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(4),51-59, 2016 ISSN 1013-5316;CODEN: SINTE 8\r\n[19] Shaari, M. S., Hussain, N. E. &amp; Halim, M. S. B. A. (2012). The impact of foreign direct on the unemployment rate and economic growth in Malaysia. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(9), 4900-4906.\r\n[20] Sun, H. (1998). Macro- economic impact of direct foreign investment in China : 1979-96. The World Economy, 21(5), 675-694.\r\n[21] Tang, C.F. (2009). The linkages among inflation, unemployment and crime rates in Malaysia. Int. Journal of Economics and Management, 3(1), 50-61\r\n[22] Tsai, P.-L. (1994). Determinants of foreign direct investment and its impact on economic growth. Journal of Economic Development, 19(1): 137-163.\r\n[23] UNCTAD, 1996. World Investment Report 1996: Investment, trade and international policy arrangement. New York and Geneva: United Nations\r\n[24] UNCTAD, 2013. World Investment Report 2013: Global value chains: investment and trade for development. New York and Geneva: United Nations.\r\n[25] UNCTAD, United Nations Conference on trade and development (2012), World investment report, New York: United Nations.\r\n[26] Vacaflores, D. E. (2011). Was Latin America correct in relying in foreign direct investment to improve employment rates? Applied Econometrics and International Development, 11(2), 101 &#8211; 122.\r\n[27] Wint and Williams (2002) Attracting FDI to developing countries: A changing role for government? International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15(5): 361- 374.\r\n[28] World development indicators, www.worldbank.org\/data.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2424\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2424\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2424\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bushra Sarwar, Lefen Lin &#8220;The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan\u2019s Economic Growth and Its Impact on Employment&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.183-191 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/183-191.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2426\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2426\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2426\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-foreign-direct-investment-in-pakistans-economic-growth-and-its-impact-on-employment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan\u2019s Economic Growth and Its Impact on Employment<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17280dd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1728543\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17286a2\" data-id=\"17286a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17287b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17287b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1728860 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1728860\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17289b1\" data-id=\"17289b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1728ac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1728ac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1728b7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1728b7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1728d01\" data-id=\"1728d01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1728e1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1728e1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1728ebf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1728ebf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-172907d\" data-id=\"172907d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-172923c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"172923c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-172954c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"172954c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17296b7\" data-id=\"17296b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17297e2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17297e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2421\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2421\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2422\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2422\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2423\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2423\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2424\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2424\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2425\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2425\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2426\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2426\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2421\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2421\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2421\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">With noble goals and missions, it is the mission of &#8220;providing people with a good education&#8221;, education and training play an important role in the development of society, because it not only trains people who have knowledge, have good professional qualifications, but also train people who have good spirit, consciousness, moral and physical qualities, serving the socio-economic development. Today, all countries in the world, including Vietnam, consider investment in education and training to be investment in development not only for today&#8217;s generation, but also for the next generation, and identify development of education and training as a top national policy. In the context of international integration, Vietnam&#8217;s education faces many difficulties and challenges when our education is still too heavy on transmitting knowledge but not directed to the quality and capacity development of learners; the quality of the contingent of teachers and administrators is not equal; The infrastructure system still has many limitations. The problem is that Vietnam needs appropriate solutions to develop education to meet the requirements posed by citizens in the process of international integration as strongly renovate teaching and learning content, programs and methods at all educational levels, encourage lifelong learning, renovate the state management mechanism of education and training to suit the process of industrialization and modernization in Vietnam, build and develop a contingent of quality teachers and complete the national education system in an open, modern and connected direction<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 192-197\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2422\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2422\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2422\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Trinh Thi Kim Chi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Social Sciences and Humanities \u2013 Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Trinh Thanh Tung<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Social Sciences and Humanities \u2013 Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2423\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2423\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2423\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Communist Party of Vietnam. (2013). The Resolution of the Eighth Conference of the XI Central Executive Committee. Hanoi: National Political.\r\n[2] Communist Party of Vietnam. (2016). Document of the 12th National Delegation. Hanoi: Central Office of the Communist Party.\r\n[3] Nhat, H. (2020). Vietnam&#8217;s educational picture after 5 years of &#8220;Comprehensive fundamental renovation&#8221;.https:\/\/dantri.com.vn\/giao-duc-khuyen-hoc\/buc-tranh-giao-duc-viet-nam-sau-5-nam-doi-moi-can-ban-toan-dien-20181013111401235.htm\r\n[4] General Statistics Office. (2020), Vietnam Statistical Yearbook 2019. Hanoi: Statistics\r\n[5] Ho, C. M. (2011). Entire episode, ep. 6. Hanoi: National politics.\r\n[6] Pham, M. H. (2001). Regarding comprehensive human development in the period of industrialization and modernization. Hanoi: National Political.\r\n[7] Tran, K. D. (2010). Education and human resource development in the twenty-first century. Hanoi: Vietnam Education.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2424\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2424\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2424\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Trinh Thi Kim Chi &amp; Trinh Thanh Tung, &#8220;Developing Education in Vietnam&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.192-197 October 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/192-197.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2425\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2425\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2425\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/192-197.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2426\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2426\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2426\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/developing-education-in-vietnam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Developing Education in Vietnam<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-172d440 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"172d440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-172d55c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"172d55c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-172da86\" data-id=\"172da86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-172db9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"172db9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-172dc49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"172dc49\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-172dd99\" data-id=\"172dd99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-172dec3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"172dec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-172df69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"172df69\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-172e0cf\" data-id=\"172e0cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-172e1ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"172e1ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-172e292 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"172e292\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-172e402\" data-id=\"172e402\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-172e510 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"172e510\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Colour Symbolism in a Nigerian Church: The Case of Prophet\/Evangelist Abiodun Oladele of the Overcomers\u2019 Evangelical Ministries International (Ori-Oke Asegun)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Oluwasegun Peter ALUKO, Ph.D., Adenike Oluwabukola IREYOMI- November 2020 Page No.: 198-202<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-172e5af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"172e5af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-172e724\" data-id=\"172e724\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-172e850 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"172e850\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2431\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2431\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2432\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2432\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2433\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2433\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2434\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2434\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2435\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2435\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2436\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2436\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2431\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2431\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2431\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Colour holds a specific significance in the life of people and plays a certain role even in the environment. Most people place emphasis on the colour they make use of in an everyday affair. On the religious scene, colour is also an important element in the day-to-day activities that churches place great emphasis on the kind of colour being used. One of the many churches is the Overcomers\u2019 Evangelical Ministries International with its leader being an ardent user of a specific colour. Thus, this paper examines the colour symbolism in white and the charismatic leader\u2019s preference for the white colour. It also assess the impact of the usage of the white colour on the charismatic leader and the church at large. The approach being employed for this paper is the descriptive phenomenological approach.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 198-202\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41102\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41102<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2432\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2432\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2432\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwasegun Peter ALUKO, PhD. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Religious Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Adenike Oluwabukola IREYOMI<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Religious Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2433\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2433\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2433\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ajibade, B., &amp; Obongha, S. E. (2012). Conscious or arbitrary: Colour and symbolism in carnival Calabar. Arts and Design Studies. 4, 12-23.\r\n[2] Antubam, K. (1963). Ghana\u2019s heritage of culture. Koehler &amp; Amelang.\r\n[3] Bear, J. H. (N.d.). Colour symbolism. Retrieved from http:\/\/desktoppub.about.com\/cs\/color\/a\/symbolism.htm Accessed 15\/11\/2014\r\n[4] Breidenbach, P. S. (1976). Colour symbolism and ideology in a Ghanaian healing movement. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 46(2), 137-145.\r\n[5] Colour symbolism and culture. (N.d.). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.incredibleart.org\/lessons\/middle\/color2.htm Accessed 15\/11\/2014.\r\n[6] Dzulkifli, M., &amp; Mustafar, M. (2013). The influence of colour on memory performance: A review. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences. 20(2), 3.\r\n[7] Eller, J. D. (2007). Introducing anthropology of religion: Culture to the ultimate. Routledge.\r\n[8] Hutchings, J. (1997). Folklore and symbolism of green. Folklore. 108, 55-63.\r\n[9] Kiernan, J. P. (1991). Wear \u2018N\u2019 tear and repair: The colour coding of mystical mending in Zulu Zionist churches. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 61(1), 26-39.\r\n[10] Kwakye-Opong, R. (2014). Clothing and colour symbolisms in the Homowo festival: A means to sociocultural development. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. 4(13), 112-125.\r\n[11] Li, N. (2015). Symbolic meanings of red and black. Theory and Practice in Language Studies. 5(6), 1313-1317. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.17507\/tpls.0506.27\r\n[12] Mollon, J. (2006). Monge: The Verriest lecture, Lyon, July 2005. Visual Neuroscience. 23, 297\u2013309. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0952523806233479\r\n[13] Oluwole, F. C., Ahmad, M. H. H., &amp; Dilshan, R. O. (2013). Colour utilization among the Yorubas of southwest Nigeria: An empirical analysis. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research. 3(5), 78-82.\r\n[14] Parikh, K. (2011). Colour symbolism: Emotional values of colour. Indian Journal of Applied Research. 3(1): 65-66. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.15373\/2249555X\/JAN2013\/26\r\n[15] Smith, K. (N.d). Colour: Meaning, symbolism, and psychology. Retrieved from http:\/\/sensationalcolor.hubpages.com\/hub\/colorexpert-2 Assessed 15\/11\/2014\r\n[16] Vik, M., Vikov\u00e1, M., &amp; Kania, E. (2014). Semantic symbolism of colours. Conference paper: 20th International Conference STRUTEX at Liberec. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/2.1.3350.8161\r\n[17] Yu, H. (2014). A cross-cultural analysis of symbolic meanings of colour. Chang Gung Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 7(1), 49-74.\r\n[18] Zammitto, V. I. (2005). The expressions of colours. Proceedings of DiGRA 2005 Conference: Changing Views \u2013 Worlds in Play.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2434\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2434\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2434\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oluwasegun Peter ALUKO, Ph.D., Adenike Oluwabukola IREYOMI, &#8220;Colour Symbolism in a Nigerian Church: The Case of Prophet\/Evangelist Abiodun Oladele of the Overcomers\u2019 Evangelical Ministries International (Ori-Oke Asegun)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.198-202 November 2020\u00a0 DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41102<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2435\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2435\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2435\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/198-202.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2436\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2436\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2436\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/colour-symbolism-in-a-nigerian-church-the-case-of-prophet-evangelist-abiodun-oladele-of-the-overcomers-evangelical-ministries-international-ori-oke-asegun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Colour Symbolism in a Nigerian Church: The Case of Prophet\/Evangelist Abiodun Oladele of the Overcomers\u2019 Evangelical Ministries International (Ori-Oke Asegun)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173470a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"173470a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1734842 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1734842\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17349f2\" data-id=\"17349f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1734b1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1734b1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1734bef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1734bef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1734d4b\" data-id=\"1734d4b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1734e66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1734e66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1734f07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1734f07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1735063\" data-id=\"1735063\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1735178 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1735178\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1735216 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1735216\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1735362\" data-id=\"1735362\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173546c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"173546c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1735506 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1735506\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-173569e\" data-id=\"173569e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17357c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17357c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-173586f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"173586f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17359c5\" data-id=\"17359c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1735acf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1735acf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1735b76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1735b76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1735cda\" data-id=\"1735cda\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1735deb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1735deb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Exploration of Students Workplace Learning Placements Practice Of Universities in Uganda<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Eric Douglas Kalanda, Francis Likoye Malenya, Elijah James Otiende- November 2020 Page No.: 203-211<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1735e89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1735e89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-173600e\" data-id=\"173600e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1736151 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1736151\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2431\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2431\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2432\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2432\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2433\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2433\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2434\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2434\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2435\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2435\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2436\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2436\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2431\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2431\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2431\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Workplace Learning (WPL) has increasingly attracted the attention of higher education in Uganda. The inclusion of students\u2019 placement in the academic programmes as a recommendation by national council for higher education has given WPL a more legitimate platform. As WPL is embraced the organisation of students\u2019 placement as a basis of its meaningful and effective implementation remains in doubt. This study aimed at examining the activities involved in organizing students\u2019 placement in universities in Uganda towards having an efficient and meaningful students\u2019 placement. The study was conducted on the pre, during and post placement activities to examine its organisation. From the findings, most of the key activities necessary for effective students\u2019 placements were positively rated while students\u2019 self-placement attachment, placement supervision, placement procedure, adequate access to training facilities and systematic feedback to the hosting workplaces were deficient. The study recommended that the higher education institutions should maintain the students\u2019 participation in seeking placement and augment with placement MoU\u2019s and scouting, facilitate and monitor placement supervision and establish systematic placement feedback procedures. The hosting workplaces ought to offer students adequate access to their facilities if their contribution to WPL is to purposeful.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 203-211\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41103\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41103<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2432\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2432\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2432\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Eric Douglas Kalanda<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Vocational Studies, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Francis Likoye Malenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Education Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Elijah James Otiende<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Education Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2433\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2433\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2433\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Pop, C., &amp; Barkhuizen, N. (2013). Exploring the effectiveness of a Workplace Learningprogramme in contributing towards the employability of graduates: the graduate interns&#8217; perspective. The African Journal for Work-Based Learning, 1(1), 28-38.\r\n[2] Hager, P. (1999). Finding a good Theory of Workplace Learning. In D. Boud, &amp; J. Garrick, Understanding Learning at Work (pp. 65-82). London: Routledge.\r\n[3] Brennan, J., &amp; Little, B. (1996). A Review of Work Based Learning in Higher Education. Crown.\r\n[4] Hager, P. (2011). Theories of Workplace Learning. In M. Malloch, L. Cairns, K. Evans, &amp; B. N. O&#8217;Connor (Eds.), The Sage handbook of Workplace Learning (pp. 17-31). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.\r\n[5] Bates, M. (2008). Work-integrated curricula in university programs. Higher Education Research &amp; Development, 27(4), 305-317. http:\/\/doi.org\/doi:10.1080\/07294360802406775\r\n[6] Costely, C. (2011). Workplace Learning and Higher Education. In M. Malloch, L. Cairns, K. Evans, &amp; B. O&#8217;Connor (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of Workplace Learning (pp. 395-406). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.\r\n[7] Thelen, K. (2007). Contemporary Challenges to the German Vocational training system. Regulation &amp; Governance, 247-260.\r\n[8] Mcewen, C., &amp; Trede, F. (2014). The value of workplace learning in the first year for university studnets from under-represented groups. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 15(1), 55-67.\r\n[9] Rajab, R. (2015). Building a collaborative Learning Partnership Between the Workplace and the Institution to Enhance Employability. doi:10707\/395013\r\n[10] Kintu, D., Kisilu, M. K., &amp; Ferej, A. (2019). An Exploration of Strategies for Faciliting Graduates&#8217; Transition to the World of Work: A Case of Technical, Vocational Education and Training Graduates in Uganda. International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research, 5(1), 1-9.\r\n[11] Treuer, V. K., Sturre, V., Keele, S., &amp; Mcleod, J. (2011). An integrated model for the evaluation of work Placement. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 12(3), 196-204. Retrieved from www.apjce.org: www.apjce.org\/files\/APJCE_12_3_195_204.pdf\r\n[12] Sweet, R. (2012). Work-based learning: Why? How? In S. Majumdar, Revisting global trends in TVET: Reflections on theory and practice (pp. 164-203). UNESCO-UNEVOC.\r\n[13] Vaughan, K. (2012). The Integration of work and learning in New Zealand: A working Paper. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Education Research.\r\n[14] Weible, R. (2010). Are Universities Reaping the Available Benefits Internship Programs Offer? Journal of Education for Business, 85, 59-63. http:\/\/doi.org\/doi:10.1080\/08832320903252397\r\n[15] Rizzo, R. (2013). A case study of an experiental learning and graduate placement partnership between the South Africa Automotive Industry Development Centre (AIDC) and the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). The African Journal for Work-Based Learning, 1(1), 5-13.\r\n[16] Taylor, S., &amp; Govender, C. (2013). Education and Training for the workplace-readiness skills. The African Journal for Work-Based Learning, 1(1), 14-22.\r\n[17] Mthembu, T. (2013). WPL-power remains at the level of WPLL and not POWER. The African Journal for Work-Based Learning, 1(1), 1-4.\r\n[18] Sewell, W., Mason, R. B., &amp; Venter, P. (2017). Financial Growth and Sustainability in Retail SMMES: Study of Workplace LearningPolicy. Risk governance &amp; control: financial markets &amp;institutions, 7(2), 204-213.\r\n[19] National Council for Higher Education [NCHE]. (2016). Tracer Study of 2005 graduates from five universities and four colleges. Kampala: National Council for Higher Education.\r\n[20] Kadoodooba, B. (2009, October). Kyambogo University Programmes Committee. Background and Guidelines for Review of Regulations for Undergraduate Programmes. Kampala.\r\n[21] Council on Higher Education. (2011). Work-Integrated Learning: Good Practice Guide. Pretoria: Council on Higher Education.\r\n\r\n[22] Devins, D. (2013). Overview of Work based learning in Europe Deliverable 6: Workbased learning as an integrated Curricullum(WBLIC). Leeds: Policy Research Institute Leeds University.\r\n[23] Tynjala, P. (2008). Perspectives into Learning at the Workplace. Educational Research, 3, 130-154. http:\/\/doi.org\/doi:10.1016\/j.edurev.2007.12.001\r\n[24] Sternstrom, M. M.-L. (2005). Between policy and practice: Structuring workplace learning in higher vocational education in Sweden and Finland. Journal of Workplace Learning, 17(3), 194 \u2013 211. http:\/\/doi.org\/doi:1.1108\/13665620510588707\r\n[25] Illeris, K. (2003). Workplace Learning and Learning Theory. Journal of Workplace Learning, 15(4), 167-178. http:\/\/doi.org\/doi:10.1108\/13665620310474615\r\n[26] Costely, C., &amp; Armsby, P. (2007). Work-based learning assessed as a field or a mode of study. 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Industrial Training as a Workplace Learning Approach for Hotel Trainee of Kyambogo University (Unpublished master&#8217;s thesis) . Kampala: Uganda.\r\n[32] Murdoch University. (2011). Work Integrated learning Policy. Retrieved from www.murdoch.edu.au:http:\/\/www.murdoch.edu.au\/School-of-Education\/_document\/MUSE-Documents\/Work-Integrated-Learning-Policy.pdf\r\n[33] Parterson, A., Keevy, J., &amp; Boka, K. (2017). Exploring a Work-Based Values Approach in South African Colleges to improve Employability of Youth: Literature Review. Johannesburg: JET Education Services.\r\n[34] Maclean, R., &amp; Pavlova, M. (2012). Vocationalisation of secondary and Higher education: pathway to the world of work. In S. Majumdar, Revisiting global trends in TVET: Reflections on theory and practice (pp. 40-85). UNESCO-UNEVOC.\r\n[35] Merwe, d. (2013). Workplace and lecture hall synergy. The African Journal for Work-Based Learning, 1(1), 23-27\r\n[36] Bowman, L., &amp; Lund, A. (2007). 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Learning to Work and Working to Learn. In D. Boud, &amp; J. Garrick (Eds.), Understanding Learning at Work (pp. 29-43). London: Routledge.\r\n[42] Mathews, P. (1999). Workplace Learning: developing an holistic model. The Learning Organisation, 6(1), 18-29.\r\n[43] Okello, B. (2010). Complexity and Contradictions in Vocational Education in Uganda [Lecture notes]. Kampala, Uganda:, Kyambogo University Faculty of Vocational Studies.\r\n[44] Byrom, T., &amp; Aiken, V. (2014). Doing it Differently: Re-designing the Curricullum to face the Challenges of Student Work-based learning Opportunities. Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning, 4(3), 271-283.\r\n[45] Martin, A., &amp; Hughes, H. (2009). How to make the Most of Work Integrated learning A Guide for Students, Lecturers &amp; Supervisors. New Zealand: Massey University Press.\r\n[46] Corrin, L., &amp; Smith, M. (2007). Development of a cross-faculty model for the enhancement of academic standards of work-integrated programs. ATN Evaluation and Assessment Conference: assessment and evaluation for real world learning (pp. 25-30). Brisbane, Queensland: Department of Teaching and Learning Support Services.\r\n[47] Scholtz, D. (2020). Assessing workplace based learning. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 21(1), 25-35.\r\n[48] Winchester-Seeto, T., &amp; Rowe, A. D. (2019). Who is holding the mirror? Debriefing and reflection in work-integrated learning. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 20(4), 335-349.\r\n[49] Creswell, J. W. (2007, March 9). An Introduction to Mixed Methods Research. Lincoln, Nebraska, USA: University of Nebraska.\r\n[50] Sullivan, Gail &amp; Artino, Anthony. (2013). Analyzing and Interpreting Data From Likert-Type Scales. Journal of graduate medical education. 5. 541-2. http:\/\/doi.org\/doi10.4300\/JGME-5-4-18.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2434\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2434\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2434\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Eric Douglas Kalanda, Francis Likoye Malenya, Elijah James Otiende, &#8220;An Exploration of Students Workplace Learning Placements Practice Of Universities in Uganda&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.203-211 November 2020\u00a0 DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41103<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2435\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2435\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2435\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/203-211.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2436\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2436\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2436\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-exploration-of-students-workplace-learning-placements-practice-of-universities-in-uganda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Exploration of Students Workplace Learning Placements Practice Of Universities in Uganda<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173c11d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"173c11d\" 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elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"173cf30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-173d184\" data-id=\"173d184\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173d38c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"173d38c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-173d4db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"173d4db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-173d72b\" data-id=\"173d72b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173d917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"173d917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-173db2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"173db2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-173dce9\" data-id=\"173dce9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173de9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"173de9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-173df5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"173df5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-173e0c9\" data-id=\"173e0c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173e1f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"173e1f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-173e2a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"173e2a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-173e426\" data-id=\"173e426\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173e547 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"173e547\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effect of Management Support, Training Culture, Job Challenges And Career Opportunities on Employee Performance Through Adaptability and Skill Flexibility at Bank Jatim In East Java Province<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Soeroso R., Ujianto, Slamet Riyadi &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 212-217<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-173e5f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"173e5f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-173e763\" data-id=\"173e763\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1746a8e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1746a8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to analyze the effect of management support, training culture, job challenges, and career opportunities on employee performance, through mediation of adaptability and skill flexibility on Bank Jatim employees in East Java Province. The study design uses an explanatory research approach. Research population was all employees at the main branch of Bank Jatim in East Java Province, amounting to 6,473 people. The sample was calculated by the Slovin formula and obtained a total sample of 380 people. Sampling technique using proportional random sampling. Data analysis techniques using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).\r\nThe results show management support has a significant effect on adaptability and skill flexibility, while the effect on employee performance is known to be insignificant. Training culture has a significant effect on adaptability, skill flexibility, and employee performance. Job challenges have a significant effect on adaptability and skill flexibility, while their effects on employee performance are known to be insignificant. Career opportunities have a significant effect on skill flexibility and employee performance, while the effect on adaptability is known to be insignificant. Finally, adaptability and skill flexibility have a significant effect on employee performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 212-217\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Soeroso R.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Economics and Business, August 17, 1945 Surabaya University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ujianto<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Economics and Business, August 17, 1945 Surabaya University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Slamet Riyadi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Economics and Business, August 17, 1945 Surabaya University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Amalisa, R., Ridwan, dan M.I. Bakry. 2016. The influence of top management support, SIA user training, SIA personal technique skills on SIA user satisfaction (Empirical Study at PT. Bank Sulteng). Catalog Journal, Volume 4 Nomor 9, hal. 83-94.\r\n[2] Diamantidis, A.D., dan P. Chatzoglou. 2018. Factors affecting employee performance: an empirical approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJPPM-01-2018-0012.\r\n[3] Dubrin, Andrew. 1982. Personnel And Human Resources Management. California: Kent Publising.\r\n[4] Fey, C.F., dan D.R. Denison. 2000. Organizational culture and effectiveness: Can American theory be applied in Russia?. University of Michigan.\r\n[5] Hasibuan, S.P Malayu. 2005. Human Resources Management. Revision Edition. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.\r\n[6] Mangkunegara, A.P. 2013. Corporate Human Resources Management. Jakarta: Teenager Rosdakarya.\r\n[7] Mutia, Mega. 2014. Measurement of Physiological and Psychological Workloads in Tea Picking Operators and Green Tea Production Operators at PT Mitra Kerinci. Journal of the EMBA,Vol.1 No.1, p. 100. 505-510.\r\n[8] Parker, S. K., Williams, H. M., &amp; Turner, N. 2006. Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work. Journal of applied psychology, Vol. 91 No.3, page 636.\r\n[9] Rivai, Veithzal and A. Fawzi. 2005. Appraisal Performance: For The Right System To Assess Employee Performance and Improve Company Competitiveness. Jakarta: PT. King Grafindo Persada.\r\n[10] Robbins, P. Stephen. 2015. Organizational Behavior. Jakarta: Publisher of Salemba Empat.\r\n[11] Sunaryo. 2002. Employee psychology for nursing. Jakarta: EGC Medical Book Publisher.\r\n[12] Triana, Rahmi, and Putra. 2015. Contribution of Perception To Workload And Emotional Intelligence To Work Stress of Certified Junior High School Teachers. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.3 No.1, p.: 5-6.\r\n[13] Vlosky, R.P, dan Aguilar, F.X. 2009. A Model of Employee Satisfaction: Gender Differences in Cooperative Extension. Journal of Extension, Vol. 47 No. 2, p.1-15.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Soeroso R., Ujianto, Slamet Riyadi, &#8220;The Effect of Management Support, Training Culture, Job Challenges And Career Opportunities on Employee Performance Through Adaptability and Skill Flexibility at Bank Jatim In East Java Province&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.212-217 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/212-217.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/212-217.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-management-support-training-culture-job-challenges-and-career-opportunities-on-employee-performance-through-adaptability-and-skill-flexibility-at-bank-jatimin-east-java-province\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> The Effect of Management Support, Training Culture, Job Challenges And Career Opportunities on Employee Performance Through Adaptability and Skill Flexibility at Bank Jatim In East Java Province<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1747abf elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1747abf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-174827c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"174827c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17483dd\" data-id=\"17483dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17484f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17484f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17485c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17485c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17487a7\" data-id=\"17487a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17488df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17488df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-174899c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"174899c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1748b10\" data-id=\"1748b10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1748cc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1748cc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1748fc9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1748fc9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-174913b\" data-id=\"174913b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-174926a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"174926a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Every manager in an organization is responsible for achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. Similarly, managing human resource function is also a responsibility of every manager in an organization. Organizations exist for a variety of purposes. Some produce goods for local or overseas consumption while others provide necessary services for profit or community benefit. In pursuit of their objectives, all organizations rely on the availability and effectiveness of several kinds of resources, which can be divided into finance, technology, and people. Some organizations emphasize their financial resources others rely on the quality of their employees, their human resources. Regardless of the particular resource emphasis in industry, human resource is usually the key ingredient for organizational success. The purpose of this research is to study the devolvement of line managers in Human Resource Management (HRM) activities in the Sri Lankan context. To achieve the objectives of this research the researcher adopted the quantitative approach. The research strategy of the study was the survey method. For the empirical study, all the elements of the population were considered. The research findings of the study fill the empirical knowledge gap in the Sri Lankan context concerning the practice of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). The findings of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the line manager&#8217;s involvement in HRM activities and the practice of SHRM. This can be a guide for Sri Lankan organizations to increase the effectiveness of the Practice of SHRM to achieve organizational effectiveness.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 218-220\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41104<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Thuduwage Lasanthika Sajeevanie<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Resource Management, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka .\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Budhwar, P.S. (2000). Strategic Integration and Devolvement of Human Resource Management in the UK Manufacturing Sector, British Journal of Management, 11, 285-302.\r\n[2] Change, W.A., and Huang, T. C. (2005). Relationship between strategic human resource management and firm performance: A contingency perspective, International Journal of Manpower, 26(5), 434-449.\r\n[3] Kehoe, R.R., and Han, J.H. (2020). An expanded conceptualization of Line Managers&#8217; Involvement in Human Resource Management. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(2), 111-129.\r\n[4] Mejia, L.G.M., Balkin, D.B., and Cardy, R.L. (2003). Managing Human Resource, (3rd ed). Pushp Print Services, Delhi.\r\n[5] Opatha, H.H.D.N.P., and Ismail, Z.B., (2002). An n Empirical Investigation of Management \u2013 Related Factors Contributing to Labor-Management Relationship in Manufacturing Firms in Sir Lanka. NMMS Journal, January- June, 74-85.\r\n[6] Sajeevanie, T.L., and Opatha, H.H.D.N.P. (2007). Relationship between Human Resource Manager related factors and practice of Strategic Human Resource Management in Sri Lankan Listed Firms. Sri Lankan Journal of Human Resource Management, 1, 71-87.\r\n[7] Sekaran, U., (2003) Research Method for Business: A skill\u2013building approach. (4th ed.). Jonn Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York.\r\n[8] Selmer, J., and Chiu, R., (2004). Required Human Resource Competencies in the future: A Framework for developing HR Executives in Hong Kong, Journal of Management, 39, 324-336.\r\n[9] Zupan, N., and Kase, (2005). Strategic human resource management in European transition economies: building a conceptual model on the case of Slovenia, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(6), 882 -902.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Thuduwage Lasanthika Sajeevanie, &#8220;The Role of Line Managers and Practice of Strategic Human Resource Management: A Study Based on Sri Lankan Listed Companies&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.218-220 November 2020\u00a0 DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41104<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/218-220.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-line-managers-and-practice-of-strategic-human-resource-management-a-study-based-on-sri-lankan-listed-companies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Role of Line Managers and Practice of Strategic Human Resource Management: A Study Based on Sri Lankan Listed Companies<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-174e992 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"174e992\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-174fa80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"174fa80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-174fb22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"174fb22\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-174fc66\" data-id=\"174fc66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-174fd77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"174fd77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-174fe12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"174fe12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-174ffd0\" data-id=\"174ffd0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17500fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17500fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Credit Services on Investment Growth of Jua Kali Enterprise in Kenya; Case Study of Narok Town<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Natumoi Susan, Oluoch Oluoch &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 221-229<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-175019c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"175019c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1750307\" data-id=\"1750307\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175045d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"175045d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In Kenya the Jua Kali sector contributes to the growth of the national economy significantly by creating employment and poverty reduction by giving basic needs to the needy. The sector faces a lot of challenges like luck of awareness, motivation and empowerment. Financial challenge is the main hindrance to the Jua Kali sector\u2019s growth across the world. The Kenyan Government has developed institutions to help the sector grow. One worth mentioning is the Kenya Industrial Estate (KIE) which offers financial support and rural industrialization. Despite this effort, there was no significant growth in the sector. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to shade light on effect of credit services on investment growth of Informal sector in Narok Town. The study adopted a survey research design targeting licensed Informal sector proprietors and credit officer in Narok town. . The study used a sample size of 171 respondents calculated from a population of 300 licensed Jua Kali proprietors. Then data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using SPSS and in line with the study objectives. The study concluded that business growth is influenced by the financial policy in place. In Jua Kali sector, the Interest imposed on loans, the repayment period, the Inflation (cash value) influences the growth rate of any business. Moreover, the study found out that financial access, economic growth and prompt loan repayment are also some of the effects of credit availability on growth of Jua Kali industry. Legal frameworks guarding how business men obtain loans forms part of the effects of interest rates to the growth and performance of Jua Kali sector. Informal sector provides employment even to the highly educated. Obtaining Credit facilities has direct proportion on business growth on the Jua Kali sector. The study recommends that; Lending institutions should always prescribe minimum loan requirement and proper policies to enhance on loan accessibility to Jua Kali Industry. Government should put in place proper policies to curb the challenge of inflation, high interest charged by bank institution to enhance Informal sector loan accessibility. Informal sector should enhance proper record keeping of information to putting in place proper management techniques in order to increase their chances of accession loans. Informal sector should always enhance account monitoring to enhance their chances of accessing loans. The government through the Youth &amp; Women Fund, to train the Jua Kali Proprietors on basic financial aspects to enhance productivity and growth.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 221-229\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Natumoi Susan <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Accounting and Finance \/Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Oluoch Oluoch<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Accounting and Finance \/Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Alornyeku, F. K. (2011). The Impact Of Bureaucracy On Public Service Delivery: A Study of Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly. (Executive Masters of Public Administration), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.\r\n[2] Olatona, J. B., and Olomola, P. A. (2015). Analysis of Fiscal Decentralization and Public Service Delivery in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(9).\r\n[3] Andrews, R. (2012). New public management and citizens\u201f perceptions of local service efficiency, responsiveness, equity and effectiveness. COCOPS Working Paper No. 7.\r\n[4] Armstrong, A. (1998). A comparative analysis: New public management-the way ahead. Aust. Journal Public Administration, 57, 12-24.\r\n[5] Constitution of Kenya (2010). The Constitution of Kenya. Nairobi. Government printer.\r\n[6] Burugu, N. J. (2010). The County: Understanding Devolution and Governance in Kenya.Lecor\r\n[7] Kosec, K., and Mogues, T. (2015). The Impact of Decentralization on Public ervice Delivery: A Spatial Regression Discontinuity Approach. International Food Policy Research Institute.\r\n[8] Osborne, D., &amp;Gaebler, T. (1992). Reinventing government: How the entrepreneurial spirit is transforming the public sector. .New York: Penguin Books.\r\n[9] Dickovick, T. J., &amp;Riedl, R. B. (2010). Comparative Assessment of Decentralization In Africa:Batchelor, S., Smith, J., and Fleming, J. (2014). Decentralization In Sub- Saharan Africa: Prevalence, Scope And Challenges. Working Paper 2.\r\n[10] ICJ Kenya. (2013). Handbook on devolution. The Kenyan Section of the International Commission of Jurists.\r\n[11] Kobia, M., and Bagaka, O. (2014). Separation of powers in Kenya\u201fs devolved administrative system: Opportunities and challenges. Commonwealth Governance Handbook.\r\n[12] Kotter, P. J. (2008). A sense of Urgency, Havard Business Press, Boston MA.\r\n[13] Balunywa, W., Nangoli, S., Mugerwa, G. W., Teko, J., and Mayoka, K. G. (2014). An analysis of fiscal decentralization as a strategy for improving revenue performance in Ugandan Local Governments Journal of Research in International Business and Management, 4(2), 28-36.\r\n[14] Saavedra, P. A. (2010). A Study of the Impact of Decentralization on Access to Service Delivery. (Doctor in Philosophy in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies and the School of Public Policy), Georgia State University.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Natumoi Susan, Oluoch Oluoch, &#8220;Effect of Credit Services on Investment Growth of Jua Kali Enterprise in Kenya; Case Study of Narok Town&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.221-229 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/221-229.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/221-229.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-credit-services-on-investment-growth-of-jua-kali-enterprise-in-kenya-case-study-of-narok-town\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Credit Services on Investment Growth of Jua Kali Enterprise in Kenya; Case Study of Narok Town<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1757bcd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1757bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1758057 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1758057\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17581bc\" data-id=\"17581bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17582d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17582d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-175837a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"175837a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17584d0\" data-id=\"17584d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1758600 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1758600\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17586a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17586a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1758801\" data-id=\"1758801\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175890d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"175890d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17589b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17589b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1758b02\" data-id=\"1758b02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1758ca5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1758ca5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1758fad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1758fad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-175911c\" data-id=\"175911c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1759262 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1759262\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This study was designed to examine citizenship education in social studies as perceived by teachers and students in six senior high schools in the Kumasi Metropolis. Four research questions guided this investigation which was grounded on the literature of models of citizenship and citizenship education. Cross-sectional survey was adopted for the study. Multiphase sampling procedure was employed to select six senior high schools out of 17 senior high schools and 300 third year students, but all the 49 social studies teachers were selected (census) for the study because the study was specific to social studies. Questionnaires were used to solicit responses from both students and teachers. Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS, version 21) was employed to analyze the data. Frequencies, percentages and tables were used to present the data. The findings revealed strong consensus among teachers and students that citizenship education matters a great deal for students\u2019 political development and for their countries. For the teaching practices, the study presents that the discussing and debating methods dominate citizenship education classrooms. The study concludes with recommendations to education policy-makers to consider teaching citizenship education as a specific subject such as History and Geography at the SHS level.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 230-237\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41105\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41105<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Isaac Atta Kwenin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Department of Business &amp; Social Sciences Education University of Cape Coast. Ghana, West Africa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Aggarwal, J. C. (2001). Teaching of social studies. A practical approach. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, PVT Ltd.\r\n[2] Banks, J. A. (2001). Citizenship education and diversity: implications for teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 52 (1), 5-16.\r\n[3] Banks, J. A. (1990). Teaching strategies for the social studies inquiry, valuing and decision-making. New York: Longman.\r\n[4] Banks, J. A. (1985). Teaching strategies for social studies: Inquiry, valuing and decision making. New York: Longman.\r\n[5] Blege, W. (2001). Social studies: Theory and practice. Accra: Wallyblege Publications.\r\n[6] Davies, I., Gregory, I., &amp; Riley, S. (1999). Good citizenship and educational provision. London: Flamer Press.\r\n[7] Dinkelman, T. (1999). Conceptions of democratic citizenship in pre-service social studies teacher education: a case study. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the 265 American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.\r\n[8] Eurydice (2005). Citizenship education at school in Europe. Retrieved November 13, 2009, from http:\/\/www.eurydice.org.\r\n[9] Evans, R. W. (2004). Social studies wars: What should we teach the children? New York, NY: Teachers College Press.\r\n[10] Federal Bureau of Investigation (2005\/2006). Violence crime index: US Department of Justice: Washington DC.\r\n[11] Fokuo, F. A. (1994). Social studies teaching: Issues and problems. Benin City: Ethiopia Publishing Corporation.\r\n[12] Fullan, M. G. (1991). The new meaning of educational change. London: Cassell.\r\n[13] Gay, L. R. (1992). Educational research competencies for analysis and application (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.\r\n[14] Ghana Education Service [GES] (2010). The social studies syllabus for JSS. Accra: Curriculum Research and Development Division.\r\n[15] Ichilov, O. (2003). Teaching civics in divided societies, the case of Israel. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 13 (3), 219-243.\r\n[16] Johnson, I. (1997). Dilemmas of identity and ideology in cross-cultural engagements. Canadian Ethnic Studies, xxix, 97-107.\r\n[17] Kapur, A. C. (1997). Principles of political science. New Delhi: S. Chand and Company Ltd.\r\n[18] Kerr, D. (1999). Re-examining citizenship education: The case of England. Slough: NFER.\r\n[19] Kerr, D., &amp; Cleaver, E. (2004). Citizenship education longitudinal study: literature review \u2013 citizenship education one year on: what does it mean; emerging definitions and approaches in the first year of national curriculum citizenship in England? The Department for Educational Research, Research Report RR532.\r\n[20] McKinnon, D. (2007). Education for the good of all: Our shared perspective. London: Nexus Strategic Partnership.\r\n[21] MacWilliam, H. O. A., &amp; Kwamena-Poh, M. A. (1978). The development of education in Ghana. London: Longman Group Ltd.\r\n[22] Mellor, S., &amp; Prior, W. (2004). Promoting social tolerance and cohesion in the Solomon Islands and Vanuata. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group.\r\n[23] Michael, B., Adeyemi, K., &amp; Boikhutso, M. (2003). Teaching and learning of citizenship education at the junior secondary school level in Botswana. Pastoral Care, 21, 35-40.\r\n[24] Mitchell, R. (1999). Testing for learning. New York: The Free Press.\r\n[25] National Council for the Social Studies [NCSS] (1988). Social studies for early childhood an elementary school children: Preparing for the 21st century. Washington, DC: Task Force.\r\n[26] National Council for the Social Studies [NCSS] (1994). Expectations of excellence: Curriculum standards for social studies. Washington, DC: Task Force.\r\n[27] Nelson, J., &amp; Kerr, D. (2005). International review of curriculum and assessment frameworks: Active citizenship: definitions, goals and practices, background paper (Electronic version). National Foundation for Education Research and Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. Retrieved June 2009, from http:\/\/www.inca.org.uk\/pdf\/Active_citizenship_background_paper.pdf.\r\n[28] Patrick, J. J. (1986). Principles of democracy for the education of citizens. Bloomington: IN.\r\n[29] Smith, M. (1988). Developing youth work: informal education, mutual aid and popular practice. London: Open University Press.\r\n[30] Torney-Purta, J., Schwille, J., &amp; Amadeo, J. A. (Eds.). (1999). Civic education across countries: 24 case studies from the IEA Civic Education Project. Amsterdam: Eburon Publishers for the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).\r\n[31] Torney-Purta, J., &amp; Vermeer, S. (2004). Developing citizenship competencies from kindergarten through grade 12: A background paper for policymakers and educators. Amsterdam: Eburon Publishers.\r\n[32] Westheimer, J., &amp; Kahne, J. (2003). Teaching democracy: What schools need to do. Phi Delta Kappan, 85 (1), 34-66.\r\n[33] Wilkins, C. (2003). Teachers and young citizens: teachers talk about their role as Social educators. Westminster Studies in Education, 26 (1), 63-75.\r\n[34] Wright, I., &amp; Sears, A. (1997). Trends and issues in Canadian social studies. Vancouver: Pacific Educational Press.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Isaac Atta Kwenin &#8220;Perceptions on Citizenship Education in Social Studies in Senior High Schools in Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.230-237 November 2020\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41105<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/230-237.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/perceptions-on-citizenship-education-in-social-studies-in-senior-high-schools-in-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Perceptions on Citizenship Education in Social Studies in Senior High Schools in Ghana<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175cb14 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"175cb14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-175cc19 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"175cc19\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-175cdaa\" data-id=\"175cdaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175ced8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"175ced8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-175cf7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"175cf7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-175d0d4\" data-id=\"175d0d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175d1f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"175d1f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-175d296 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"175d296\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-175d3ec\" data-id=\"175d3ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175d552 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"175d552\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-175d62a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"175d62a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-175d795\" data-id=\"175d795\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175d8cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"175d8cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-175da5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"175da5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-175dbf9\" data-id=\"175dbf9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175dd52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"175dd52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-175de0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"175de0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-175df64\" data-id=\"175df64\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175e088 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"175e088\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-175e138 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"175e138\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-175e2d8\" data-id=\"175e2d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175e427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"175e427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation of Football Curricular In Zambian Football Clubs of the MTN\/FAZ Super League<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Caphers Mizinga, Mildred Mutinta Cheeka &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 238-241<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-175e4de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"175e4de\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-175e65b\" data-id=\"175e65b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175f3cc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"175f3cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This study is an evaluation of football curricular in clubs of the Zambian Mobile Telephone Network (MTN)\/Football Association of Zambia (FAZ) Super League. The study inquired into the existence of a common football curricular in clubs of the MTN\/FAZ super league. This study adopted the realist approach guided by a case study design, which aimed at understanding the relationship between the initial context, mechanism of change and intended outcomes of the Football Curricular (FC). The sample was composed of 111 respondents drawn from 12 selected football club, the Ministry of Sports, Youth and Child development, the Football Association of Zambia (FAZ), football administrators, and officials from National Sports Council of Zambia (NSCZ). Data was collected from sport coach educational documents; questionnaire, video recording, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured. Data was analyzed qualitatively using the themes. The study revealed that football clubs in the MTN \/ FAZ super league had independent football curricular and identified some mechanistic blocks that prevented coaches from developing their knowledge, skill and understanding of the FC. The study recommended that a National Football Curricular (NFC) be designed by FAZ; CPD programmes for coaches should be developed and organizations such as Olympic Youth Development Centre (OYDC) and National Organization for Women in Sport Physical Activity and Recreation (NOWSPAR) should be assigned to spearhead CPD programmes.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 238-241\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Caphers Mizinga<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDavid Livingstone College of Education, Ministry of Education, Livingstone District, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mildred Mutinta Cheeka <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDavid Livingstone College of Education, Ministry of Education, Livingstone District, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Armstrong, D., G. (2003). Curriculum Today. New Jersey: Merrill Prentice Hall. New.\r\n[2] Cross, J.C. (2012). National Football Curriculum. Australia: Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.\r\n[3] Griffin, L. and Butler, J. (2005) Teaching Games for Understanding Theory, Research and Practice, Leeds: Human Kinetics.\r\n[4] Maguire, J. (1999). Global Sport. Identities, Societies, Civilisation. London: Polity Press.\r\n[5] Marsh, J., &amp; Willis G. (2003). Curriculum. Alternative Approaches, Ongoing Issues.3rd Edition. Columbus: Merrill Prentice Hall.\r\n[6] Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation Methods. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.\r\n[7] Schenk, K. and Williamson, J. (2005) Ethical Approaches to Gathering Information from Children and Adolescents in International Settings: Guidelines and Resources: Washington, DC: Population Council Inc.\r\n[8] Snow, R (2012). Youth Soccer Player Development Model. New York: Macmillan.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Caphers Mizinga, Mildred Mutinta Cheeka, &#8220;Evaluation of Football Curricular In Zambian Football Clubs of the MTN\/FAZ Super League.&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.238-241 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/238-241.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/238-241.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-football-curricular-in-zambian-football-clubs-of-the-mtn-faz-super-league\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Evaluation of Football Curricular In Zambian Football Clubs of the MTN\/FAZ Super League.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176031d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"176031d\" 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17605b9\" data-id=\"17605b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17606f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17606f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176079b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176079b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17608f8\" data-id=\"17608f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1760a15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1760a15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1760ac4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1760ac4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1760c13\" data-id=\"1760c13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1760d26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1760d26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1760dc6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1760dc6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1760f2c\" data-id=\"1760f2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1761038 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1761038\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17610e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17610e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176122d\" data-id=\"176122d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1761342 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1761342\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17613fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17613fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176156a\" data-id=\"176156a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176167d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"176167d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176171b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176171b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176188b\" data-id=\"176188b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1761994 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1761994\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of School Leadership, Work Environment and Teacher Work Commitment on the Performance of High School Teachers in Pringsewu District<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Wahyu Dwi Candra, Irawan Suntoro, Riswanti Rini- November 2020 Page No.: 242-245<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1761a38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1761a38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1761bad\" data-id=\"1761bad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1761ce9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1761ce9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to determine whether there is a positive influence between the leadership of the principal, the school environment, and the work commitment of teachers to teacher performance. The subjects of this study were high school teachers in Pringsewu Regency. From a population of 131 teachers, 98 samples were taken with a proportional random sampling technique. The hypothesis was tested using the Spearman correlation. The results showed that: 1) there was no influence between principal leadership on teacher performance (Spearman&#8217;s rho = 0.008; sig (2-tailed) = 0.854&gt; \u03b1 = 0.01); 2) there is no relationship between the school environment and teacher performance (Spearman&#8217;s rho = -0.009; sig value (2-tailed) = 0.882&gt; \u03b1 = 0.01.3) there is no influence between principal leadership on teacher performance (Spearman&#8217;s rho = -0.033; sig value (2-tailed) = 0.589&gt; \u03b1 = 0.01.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 242-245\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wahyu Dwi Candra <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Management, University of Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Irawan Suntoro<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Management, University of Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Riswanti Rini<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Management, University of Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Akhwan, M. J. E. T. 2003. Peningkatan Dan Standarisasi Mutu Pendidikan: Tinjauan Atas Uu, Kurikulum Dan Kemampuan Guru. (Vi), 36-45.\r\n[2] Aljuhri, M. J. J. A. P. 2017. Pengaruh Kualitas Kehidupan Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Berprestasi. 14(1), 146-158.\r\n[3] Amin, S. And H. J. J. I. R. M. Sunaryo. 2018. Lingkungan Kerja Dan Motivasi Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Kantor Kecamatan Ketapang Sampang. 7(6).\r\n[4] Ardiana, I., Et Al. 2010. Kompetensi Sdm Ukm Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Ukm Di Surabaya. 12(1), Pp. 42-55.\r\n[5] Bariah, S. J. I. J. P. D. P. 2017. Hubungan Antara Pelaksanaan Supervisi Klinis Dan Motivasi Kerja Guru Dengan Prestasi Kerja Guru Sd Negeri Di Kecamatan Loa Kulu. 2(2).\r\n[6] Efiana, E. (2015). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Pt. Purim Sejahtera Wood Klakah Lumajang, Stie Widya Gama Lumajang.\r\n[7] Fauzi, A. J. J. M. P. 2011. Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Guru Di Sma. 2(1), 77-87.\r\n[8] Handayani, T. And A. A. J. J. A. M. P. Rasyid. 2015. Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Motivasi Guru, Dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sma Negeri Wonosobo. 3(2), 264-277.\r\n[9] Handoko, A. T., Et Al. 2017. Pengaruh Sertifikasi Dan Motivasi Berprestasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru. 2(2), 168-179.\r\n[10] Harmonika, S. J. J. A.-M. J. P. G. M. I. 2016. Budaya Organisasi Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Di Mts Negeri Batu Dan Smp Ar-Rohmah Putri Malang, Jawa Timur. 1(1), 73-98.\r\n[11] Hatima, W. H. (2019). Hubungan Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah Dan Disiplin Kerja Dengan Kinerja Guru Smp Sederajat (Survei Di Kecamatan Pasarwajo Kabupaten Buton), Universitas Halu Oleo.\r\n[12] Hikmat, H. J. P. J. I. A. 2020. Peningkatan Komitmen Tugas Terhadap Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Melalui Peran Pengawas Sekolah Dan Kepala Sekolah Di Sma Negeri 7 Kota Tangerang. 2(2), 141-149.\r\n[13] Ilahi, D. K., Et Al. 2017. Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasional (Studi Pada Karyawan Pt. Pln (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Timur Area Malang). 44(1), 31-39.\r\n[14] Imamuddin, M. (2013). Profil Kompetensi Profesional Guru Mata Diklat Produktif Teknik Otomotif Smk Negeri 6 Malang\/Mohammad Immauddin, Universitas Negeri Malang.\r\n[15] Ismawantini, N. K. L., Et Al. 2019. Kontribusi Supervisi Akademik, Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Etos Kerja, Dan Komitmen Organisasional Terhadap Kinerja Guru Smp Negeri 3 Banjar. 10(2), 81-90.\r\n[16] Kartika, M. D. (2013). Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasional Dan Komitmen Profesional Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Auditor Internal (Survey Pada Auditor Internal Pt. Pos Indonesia Di Bandung), Universitas Widyatama.\r\n[17] Kasim, M. J. A. 2011. Pentingnya Motivasi Dan Minat Terhadap Manajemen Kinerja Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga Dan Kesehatan. 3(2).\r\n[18] Ma&#8217;rifah, D. J. F. B. M. P. M. D. A. 2017. Locus Of Control Pada Guru Dan Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik: Pengaruhnya Terhadap Motivasi Berprestasi. 16(2), 40-47.\r\n[19] Muhammad, M. And N. Nurdyansyah (2015). Pendekatan Pembelajaran Saintifik, Nizamia Learning Center.\r\n[20] Muslim, A. 2019. Kepemimpinan Pendidikan.\r\n[21] Nufus, H. (2019). Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dalam Mengembangkan Kemandirian Anak Usia Dini (Penelitian Di Tk Negeri Pembina Provinsi Banten), Uin Smh Banten.\r\n[22] Pangestu, Z. S. D., Et Al. 2017. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja (Studi Pada Karyawan Perum Perhutani Ngawi). 43(1), 157-162.\r\n[23] Prawati, B. J. J. P. P. 2003. Keterpakaian Koleksi Majalah Ilmiah Pusat Perpustakaan Dan Penyebaran Teknologi Pertanian Oleh Peneliti Badan Litbang Pertanian. 12(1), 26-31.\r\n[24] Purnomo, E. (2017). Analisis Kinerja Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Balance Scorecard Hasil Restrukturisasi Organisasi (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Bjb Wilayah Iii), Tesis Program Magister Management Universitas Widyatama Bandung.\r\n[25] Purwaningsih, H. (2012). Pengaruh Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Dan Motivasi Kerja Guru Terhadap Kinerja Guru Ekonomi\/Akuntansi Sma\/Ma\/Smk Di Kota Pekalongan, Universitas Negeri Semarang.\r\n[26] Purwoko, S. J. J. A. M. P. 2018. Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Komitmen Guru, Disiplin Kerja Guru, Dan Budaya Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru Smk. 6(2), 150-162.\r\n[27] Refsawati, M. (2018). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Lingkungan Kerjadan Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar Di Bandar Lampung, Universitas Lampung.\r\n[28] Sari, N. W., Et Al. (2018). Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi Dan Penerapan Good Corporate Governance (Gcg) Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi Empiris Pada Pt Pindad (Persero) Bandung, Perpustakaan Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Unpas Bandung.\r\n[29] Sarpandadi, A. J. T. J. K. M. P. 2017. Pengaruh Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru. 2(02), 119-126.\r\n[30] Setiadi, A. (2015). Analisis Pengaruh Reformasi Birokrasi Dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Perizinan Di Badan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Kabupaten Cirebon, Unpas.\r\n[31] Setiyani, D. I. (2018). Pengaruh Penjiwaan Profesi Dan Kemampuan Mengajar Terhadap Kinerja Guru Mi Di Kecamatan Klego Kabupaten Boyolali Tahun 2018, Iain Salatiga.\r\n[32] Suartini, N. M. K., Et Al. (2014). Kontribusi Komitmen Kerja, Kepemimpinan Lembaga Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pendidik Paud Di Kuta Utara Kabupaten Badung, Ganesha University Of Education.\r\n[33] Sugiyono, M. And P. J. C. V. Kuantitatif. 2009. Kualitatif, Dan R&amp;D, Bandung: Alfabeta.\r\n[34] Suharsimi &amp; Arikunto (2010). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik (Edisi Revisi). Jakarta: Rineka Cipta (Vol. 1).\r\n[35] Suharsimi, A. J. J. R. C. 2010. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik (Edisi Revisi). 1.\r\n[36] Sulfemi, W. B. 2019. Kemampuan Pedagogik Guru.\r\n[37] Sunarsi, D. J. I. 2018. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pendidik Yayasan Marvin. 5(1), 1-18.\r\n[38] Sutopo, B. S. B. J. E. S. J. P. D. P. K.-S.-A. 2020. Peningkatan Kinerja Dan Kompetensi Guru Dalam Pengelolaan Pembelajaran Melalui Bimbingan Berkelanjutan Di Sd 2 Rejosari Pada Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2018\/2019. 7(1), 50-57.\r\n[39] Syaifullah, A. (2018). Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Pengaruh Penggajian Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pemerintahan Desa Kecamatan Singgahan Kabupaten Tuban, Universitas Bojonegoro.\r\n[40] Wahyudi, A. And J. J. J. M. S. D. M. Suryono. 2006. Analisis Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. 1(1), 1-14.\r\n[41] Wahyudi, A., Et Al. 2012. Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, Dan Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru. 1(2), 1-8.\r\n[42] Wijayanty, A. J. J. M. J. 2018. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transaksional Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Anggota Polri Di Polres Tanjung Jabung Barat. 1(2), 58-69.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wahyu Dwi Candra, Irawan Suntoro, Riswanti Rini, &#8220;The Influence of School Leadership, Work Environment and Teacher Work Commitment on the Performance of High School Teachers in Pringsewu District&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.242-245 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/242-245.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/242-245.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-school-leadership-work-environment-and-teacher-work-commitment-on-the-performance-of-high-school-teachers-in-pringsewu-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> The Influence of School Leadership, Work Environment and Teacher Work Commitment on the Performance of High School Teachers in Pringsewu District<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1765d4d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1765d4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17661ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17661ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17662ff\" data-id=\"17662ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1766410 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1766410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17664cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17664cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1766627\" data-id=\"1766627\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1766781 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1766aa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1766aa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1766b43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1766b43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1766c9a\" data-id=\"1766c9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1766e35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1766e35\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1767130 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1767130\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176729e\" data-id=\"176729e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17673c6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17673c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Education is an important tool for human and national development. It is a key to national development. In any educational system, quality education standards are the goals to which all staff, students and management should aspire to achieve. Over the years, Colleges of education have produced a large number of NCE teachers that teach in our primary and junior secondary schools, thus alleviating the manpower problems of the nation at those levels. The need for quality assurance in Nigerian Colleges of Education cannot be overemphasized in order to ensure quality of teaching and learning. This paper therefore, discusses the origin and evolution of Colleges of Education in Nigeria, Concept of Quality Assurance, and Education Quality Assurance in Colleges of Education, Internal Quality Assurance in Colleges of Education, Internal Quality Assurance processes, benefits of internal Quality Assurance and some challenges facing internal Quality Assurance in Colleges of Education in Nigeria. Based on the discussions, Conclusions and some recommendations were made.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 246-253\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AWODUN, Adebisi O. (Ph.D)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Physics, College of Education, Ikere- Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>BORIS, Olufunke Olutoyin (Ph. D)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Education, College of Education, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adegbesan, S.O. (2011). Establishing quality Assurance in Nigerian education system:implication for educational managers. Educational Research and Reviews, 6(2), 147-151.\r\n[2] Anton, D.O., &amp;Naido, J.P. (2014). UNESCO seminar Report: School Evaluation for QualityImprovement: Issues and Challenges. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/\/iiep.\r\n[3] Chidobi, R.U. &amp;Eze, T.A.Y. (2016). Utilization of the Quality Assurance Handbook inSecondary School supervision of Instruction in Enugu State. World Journal of Education, 6(4), 30-37. http:\/\/wje.sciedupress.com\r\n[4] Ebisine, S.S. (2013). Academic Quality Assurance in the Colleges of Education: challengesand ways forward for Future Development. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(7), 173-180.\r\n[5] Education Sector support programmes in Nigeria (ESSPIN), Federal Ministry of education,Federal Education Quality Service.\r\n[6] Encarta World English Dictionary (1999). A bloomsbury Reference Book. BloomsburyPublishing Plc, 38 Soho Square, London W1V 5DF.\r\n[7] Federal Ministry of Education, Federal Education Quality Assurance Service. National Education Quality Assurance Handbook for Basic and Secondary Education in Nigeria. Published by :esspin, education sector support programmes in Nigeria and Ukaid from the department for international development.\r\n[8] Federal Republic of Nigeria (2013). Nigeria National Policy on Education(6th Edition).Yaba, Lagos: NERC\r\n[9] National Commission for Colleges of Education, NCCE (2012). Curriculum implementationframework for Nigeria Certificate in Education. TETF project 2012. Published by National Commission for Colleges of Education. Plot 829 Cadastral Zone AOI, Garki Abuja.\r\n[10] National Commission for Colleges of Education, NCCE (2012). Quality indicators for Teacher Education. TETF project 2012. Published by National Commission for Colleges of Education. Plot 829 Cadastral Zone AOI, Garki Abuja.\r\n[11] Oga, G.E. &amp;Okpaga, A. (2019). The role of Colleges of Education in NationalDevelopment: An Appraisal of the Nigerian Experience. Online: Retrieved on 12\/12\/2019 from www.globalacademicgroup.com.\r\n[12] Online: Quality Assurance. Retrieved on 28\/03\/2020 from http:\/\/www.aic.Iv\/terta\/7assurance\r\n[13] Online: Received from www.unn.edu,ng&gt;publication&gt;files&gt;imageson 3\/04\/2020.\r\n[14] Online: Educating UK (What is Internal Quality Assurance?). Retrieved on 28\/03\/2020 fromhttp:\/\/www.educainguk.com\/what-is-internal-quality-assurance\/.\r\n[15] Online: Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia. Teacher Education. Retrieved fromen.wikipedia.org&gt;wiki&gt;Teacher education.\r\n[16] Online: Quality Assurance vs Quality Control (2019).Retrieved on 28\/03\/2020 from http:\/\/www.differen.com&gt;difference Q.A vs Q.C.\r\n[17] Online school education (2019). Quality Assurance: school education.https:\/\/www.schooleducationgateway.eu&gt;.\r\n[18] Online: Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia. Quality Assurance. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quality_ assurance.\r\n[19] Quality Assurance (2019). Workshop for the review of the 2012 edition of NCE Curriculum\r\n[20] Implementation Framework organized by the National Commission for Colleges of Education, Abuja. Venue: AlvanIkoku Federal College of Education, Owerri. Date: 10th-15th June, 2019.\r\n[21] Stephanie, M. A. (2009). Quality Assurance in Education. Issues in Policy Number 5.Published by the centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD). Braamfontein Johannesburg 2017, South Africa.\r\n[22] Universal Basic Education Commission, UBEC (2012). Guidelines for Quality Assurance inBasic Education in Nigeria. Publication of UBEC, 7Gwani Street, Wuse Zone 4, Abuja.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">AWODUN, Adebisi O. (Ph.D) &amp; BORIS, Olufunke Olutoyin (Ph. D) &#8220;Ensuring Internal Quality Assurance in Colleges of Education in Nigeria: Benefits and Challenges&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.246-253 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/246-253.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/246-253.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/ensuring-internal-quality-assurance-in-colleges-of-education-in-nigeria-benefits-and-challenges\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ensuring Internal Quality Assurance in Colleges of Education in Nigeria: Benefits and Challenges<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176b390 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"176b390\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176b486 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176b486\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176b610\" data-id=\"176b610\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176b74a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"176b74a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176b7f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176b7f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176b950\" data-id=\"176b950\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176ba7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"176ba7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176bb1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176bb1b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176bc73\" data-id=\"176bc73\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176bd78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"176bd78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176bee1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176bee1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176c048\" data-id=\"176c048\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176c15a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"176c15a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176c1f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176c1f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176c349\" data-id=\"176c349\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176c456 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"176c456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176c4f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176c4f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176c642\" data-id=\"176c642\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176c74a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"176c74a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176c7e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176c7e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176c950\" data-id=\"176c950\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176ca6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"176ca6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Rohingya Refugee Crisis and Its Impact in Bangladesh: A Critical Study on Governments\u2019 Repatriation Steps, Domestic Employment Opportunities and the Role of NGOs<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abu Rushd Muhammed Shaikh, Mohammad Shakhawat Hossain, Md Mustafijur Rahman, Abdur Rahman Mohammad Thamim- November 2020 Page No.: 254-264<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176cb0c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176cb0c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-176cc80\" data-id=\"176cc80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176ce6f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"176ce6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Rohingya as the worlds\u2019 most persecuted ethnic group deserves a peaceful solution via international law and human rights act. Neighboring country, Bangladesh is not much capable enough to take ample responsibilities and burden. Repatriation can be a probable strategic settlement to ensure international peace and security. By means of existing reality, some interest groups within the country are highly encouraging them not to return their country of origin. This group has certain economic benefits from the influx, keeping the host economy into consideration. Vis-\u00e0-vis financial and other strategic interest create unsuccessful repatriation procedures that curtail security prospects of Bangladesh. As huge Rohingya influx creates a surplus labor at Cox\u2019s bazar area, economically a very large group is in crisis situation and a small group is benefitted on it. This research endeavors to find out a linkage between the political aspect and the economic aspect, besides it examines whether economic factors or political factors are responsible for repatriation failure. This study tried to find out the economic impact of the influx in different groups and after that it focused on probability of such allegation. This paper also provides the probable measures to solve the matter in further occurrence.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 254-264\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abu Rushd Muhammed Shaikh <\/strong><\/span>\r\nM. Phil Researcher, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mohammad Shakhawat Hossain<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Dhaka, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Md Mustafijur Rahman<\/strong><\/span>\r\nM.Phil Researcher, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Abdur Rahman Mohammad Thamim<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Department of International Relations, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Antunes, S., &amp; Camis\u00e3o, I. (2018, February 27). Introducing Realism in International Relations Theory. Retrieved October 02, 2019, from e-international Relations: https:\/\/www.e-ir.info\/2018\/02\/27\/introducing-realism-in-international-relations-theory\/\r\n[2] Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2013). District Statistics 2011: Cox&#8217;s Bazar. Dhaka: BBS.\r\n[3] Bhuiyan, H. K. (2019, August 25). Rohingya repatriation: Bangladesh dismisses Myanmar\u2019s non-cooperation allegation. Retrieved October 26, 2019, from Dhaka Tribune: https:\/\/www.dhakatribune.com\/bangladesh\/rohingya-crisis\/2019\/08\/25\/rohingya-repatriation-bangladesh-dismisses-myanmar-s-non-cooperation-allegation\r\n[4] Gilbert, G. (n.d.). The International Law of Voluntary Repatriation. Retrieved October 26, 2019, from UNHCR: https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/en-lk\/5ae079557.pdf\r\n[5] Inter Section Coordination Group. (September, 2019). Situation Report Rohingya Refugee Crisis. Cox&#8217;s Bazar: UNDP.\r\n[6] Islam, A. (2019, March 15). Rohingya reject relocation to Bangladesh&#8217;s island &#8216;prison camp&#8217;. Retrieved October 26, 2019, from Deutsche Welle: https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/rohingya-reject-relocation-to-bangladeshs-island-prison-camp\/a-47933027\r\n[7] Kapoor, R. (2018). The Repatriation of the Rohingyas: A Flawed Bangladesh-Myanmar Agreement? ISAS Insights .\r\n[8] Mohammad, N. (2012). Refugee Protection Under the Constitution of BAngladesh: A Brief Overview. Bangladesh Refugee Watch , 141-156.\r\n[9] Momen, A. (2019, August 26). Ajker Bangladesh. Retrieved October 19, 2019, from Independent Television: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=P5rO91X-Xw4\r\n[10] Muhiuddin, K. (2019, August 25). Opinion: Foreign aid is a hindrance to Rohingya repatriation. Retrieved October 26, 2019, from Deutche Wallace: https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/opinion-foreign-aid-is-a-hindrance-to-rohingya-repatriation\/a-50157682\r\n[11] Parker, B. (2017, October 24). Bangladesh resists greater UNHCR role in Rohingya crisis. Retrieved October 26, 2019, from refworld: https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/59eef8bc4.html\r\n[12] Rahman, T. (2019, August 22). No Rohingya turn up for repatriation. Retrieved October 26, 2019, from Dhaka Tribune: https:\/\/www.dhakatribune.com\/bangladesh\/rohingya-crisis\/2019\/08\/22\/no-rohingya-turn-up-for-repatriation-to-myanmar\r\n[13] Rosenberg, M. (2019, September 02). Push-Pull Factors in Immigration: . Retrieved October 23, 2019, from Thought Co: https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/push-pull-factors-1434837\r\n[14] Saha, P. (2019, August 25). Repatriation Bids:Designed to fail. The Daily Star .\r\n[15] Salam, A. (2019, September 25). Ekattor Journal. Retrieved October 19, 2019, from Ekattor TV: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rzx7bd-6WkA\r\n[16] The Daily Star. (2019, September 01). Rohingya Camps in Cox\u2019s Bazar: Activities of 41 NGOs halted for \u2018misdeeds\u2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019, from The Daily Star: https:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/frontpage\/rohingya-camps-coxs-bazar-activities-41-ngos-halted-\r\n[17] UNB, Dhaka. (2019, September 24). Bangladesh, China, Myanmar to jointly evaluate progress over Rohingya repatriation. The Daily Star .\r\n[18] UNB, Dhaka. (2019, October 15). Fresh list of 50,000 Rohingyas handed to Myanmar: Foreign minister. Retrieved October 26, 2019, from The DAily Star: https:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/rohingya-crisis\/resh-list-50000-rohingyas-handed-myanmar-1814065\r\n[19] UNDP. (2018). Impacts of the Rohingya Refugee Influx on Host Communities. Dhaka: UNDP.\r\n[20] United Nations High Commission for Refugees. (2005). An Introduction to International Protection. Geneva: Office of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees.\r\n[21] Xchange Foundation. (2018). The Rohingya Amongst Us: Bangladeshi Perspectives on the Rohingya Crisis Survey. Malta: Xchange Foundation.\r\n[22] Xchange Foundation. (2018, August 28). The Rohingya Amongst Us: Bangladeshi Perspectives on the Rohingya Crisis Survey. Retrieved September 21, 2019, from Xchange Foundation: http:\/\/xchange.org\/bangladeshi-perspectives-on-the-rohingya-crisis-survey\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abu Rushd Muhammed Shaikh, Mohammad Shakhawat Hossain, Md Mustafijur Rahman, Abdur Rahman Mohammad Thamim, &#8220;Rohingya Refugee Crisis and Its Impact in Bangladesh: A Critical Study on Governments\u2019 Repatriation Steps, Domestic Employment Opportunities and the Role of NGOs&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.254-264 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/254-264.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/254-264.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/rohingya-refugee-crisis-and-its-impact-in-bangladesh-a-critical-study-on-governments-repatriation-steps-domestic-employment-opportunities-and-the-role-of-ngos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Rohingya Refugee Crisis and Its Impact in Bangladesh: A Critical Study on Governments\u2019 Repatriation Steps, Domestic Employment Opportunities and the Role of NGOs<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1771ff7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1771ff7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1776e88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1776e88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1776f50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1776f50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17770c4\" data-id=\"17770c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17771ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17771ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-177729b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"177729b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1777427\" data-id=\"1777427\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1777542 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1777542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Intrastate Conflict and International Peacekeeping Operations in the Central African Republic (CAR)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ibrahim Abdullahi- November 2020 Page No.: 265-277<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17775f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17775f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17778b3\" data-id=\"17778b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1777b47 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1777b47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The Post-Cold war world politics witnessed a dramatic shift, while proxy wars and interstate conflicts peculiar to the Cold war era significantly declined, an intense trend of intrastate conflict began to manifest. The gruesome and atrocious nature of such violence with its concomitant trans-border effects attracted intervention from the international communities with intention of rescuing civilians and restoring peace and order. Records of successive peacekeeping interventions has shown that approaches are rather curative, which are geared towards a mere violence mitigation than a holistic conflict prevention mechanism. Despite massive troop deployment by the international community in the Central African Republic CAR, widespread and grave violation of human rights is not halted, leading to further escalations and the entanglement of the mission in the conflict. Most studies on humanitarian intervention focused largely on post-conflict intervention and this study attempts to critique this post-cold war posture and argue for a humanitarian intervention based on conflict prevention. The failure of the international community to stop the humanitarian crisis in the CAR underscores the need for this study on conflict prevention. Secondary data is adopted in the course of this study, using descriptive method of analysis to measure intensity of violence and the impact of the international peacekeeping operations in containing the conflict situation in the CAR. The following finding and recommendations are made: International actors predominantly share a pessimistic view of CAR, coupled with a general lack of commitment in the conflict and misunderstanding of the country\u2019s internal dynamics. This perception shapes the type of engagement privileged by the international community in the CAR, which is mainly reactive in nature and designed to simply stabilize the country for the sake of regional affairs that are deemed to be of greater importance. The dominant reactive nature of the engagement in CAR produces an unsuccessful response, hence the need to reach an effective conflict prevention approach; International interventions in the CAR should be reoriented towards addressing state governance and the drivers of violence.<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41106<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 265-277\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibrahim Abdullahi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDirector, Khalil Integrated Academy (KHIA), Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Annan, K. 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No. 1, the African Center for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD), South Africa.\r\n[122] Zeleza, P.T (2010) Causes and Costs of War in Africa: Liberation Struggle to War on Terror \u2013 available at www.ohioswallow.com\/extra &#8211; accessed12\/05\/2014\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ibrahim Abdullahi &#8220;Intrastate Conflict and International Peacekeeping Operations in the Central African Republic (CAR)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.265-277 November 2020\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41106<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/265-277.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/intrastate-conflict-and-international-peacekeeping-operations-in-the-central-african-republic-car\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Intrastate Conflict and International Peacekeeping Operations in the Central African Republic (CAR)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1778aee elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1778aee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1778bdf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1778bdf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1778d62\" data-id=\"1778d62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1778e89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1778e89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1778f2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1778f2f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-177908a\" data-id=\"177908a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-177919e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"177919e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-177923c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"177923c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1779390\" data-id=\"1779390\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1779496 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1779496\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-177cf30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"177cf30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-177d17f\" data-id=\"177d17f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-177d2c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"177d2c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-177d386 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"177d386\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-177d4f6\" data-id=\"177d4f6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-177d6b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"177d6b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-177d9cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"177d9cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-177db3a\" data-id=\"177db3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-177dc74 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"177dc74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">There remains an age -long perception that listening to music whilst undertaking an academic examination\/exercise enabled students to subdue stress and augment their concentration leading to higher scores. Nonetheless, there are varied perceptions as regards the subject matter as others posit that music at the background of an examination hall or class only leads to divided attention of examinees, wasting their precious time and that performance of students ebbs more on talent or motivation other than mere playing of music at the background.\r\nThese uncertainties and ambiguities informed the basis of this quantitative study using primary data in the form of questionnaires administered to 130 respondents from a population of 350. The researchers hypothesized: students studying music performed better than their counterparts without music orientation and the results confirmed the hypothesis especially for quantitative courses, leading to a recommendation that the study of music should be taken seriously by educational stakeholders due to its industrial and academic opportunities in sub -Saharan Africa, especially Ghana.\r\nThe researchers further recommended that a general stance should not be taken against students listening to music during studies but should be treated on individual course merit since most students indicated in this research that they can comfortably listen to music and concurrently study when it comes to quantitative or numerical courses such as Mathematics etc.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 278-281\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Richmond Amoh-Yeboah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgogo Presbyterian Women\u2019s College of Education, Agogo Asante Akyem North\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isaac Nyarko<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAgogo Presbyterian Women\u2019s College of Education, Agogo Asante Akyem North\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Matilda Quainoo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMethodist College of Education, Akim Oda\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adjepong, B. &amp; Obeng (2018). The role of performing arts in Ghanaian society and its implication for formal education in primary schools. International Journal of Education Studies. Volume 5 Issue 6 2018 .\r\n[2] Agawu, Kofi Victor (2003). Representing African Music: Postcolonial Notes, Queries, Positions Illustrated Edition, Psychology Press, 2003, ISBN 0415943906, 9780415943901.\r\n[3] Amoh-Yeboah, R.(2011). Changing trends of music in Ghanaian Independent Churches: a survey of selected branches of the church of the Lord Brotherhood. M.Phil. Thesis. University of Ghana, Legon, Music Department\r\n[4] Arnaud C., Leonid P. ,Marie-Claude Bonniot-C. &amp; Michel C. (2013). Music and academic performance. Behavioural BrainResearch256 (2013) 257\u2013260\r\n[5] Collins, J. (2002). The Generational factor in Ghanaian music: Past, Present and Future, Published by the Nordic African Institute\/Sibelius Museum Apo, Finland. 2002. pp 6074.\r\n[6] John Collins (2002) Ghanaian Christianity and Popular Entertainment: Full Circle.\r\n[7] Manford. R. (2007). Importance and the Benefits of the Arts in Education. In Education in Ghana: Challenges for the 21st Century, edited by E.J. Flolu, M.P. Dzansi-McPalm &amp; M.O. Awoyemi. 1-12.\r\n[8] Nyarko, I. (2016). The influence of popular music among the youth of Ngleshie Amanfro, Accra. M.Phil. Thesis University of Ghana, Legon, Music Department http:\/\/ugspace.ug.edu.gh Psychonomic Science, 3, 325-326.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Richmond Amoh-Yeboah, Isaac Nyarko, Matilda Quainoo,&#8221;The Study of Popular Music on the Academic Performance of Students within Agogo Asante Akyem -North District: Any Association for Academic Discourse?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.278-281 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/278-281.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/278-281.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-study-of-popular-music-on-the-academic-performance-of-students-with-in-agogo-asante-akyem-north-district-any-association-for-academic-discourse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> The Study of Popular Music on the Academic Performance of Students within Agogo Asante Akyem -North District: Any Association for Academic Discourse?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-177ebf2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"177ebf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-177ece1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"177ece1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-177ee70\" data-id=\"177ee70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-177ef97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"177ef97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-177f035 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"177f035\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-177f187\" data-id=\"177f187\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-177f291 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"177f291\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17878cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17878cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1787990 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1787990\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1787b27\" data-id=\"1787b27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1787cc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1787cc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of Development Partners in Creating a Knowledge-based Society: The Panacea to the Youth Challenges in Education in Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Jackson Nzusyo Mutavi &amp; Awuor Ponge- November 2020 Page No.: 282-287<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1787daa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1787daa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1787f3a\" data-id=\"1787f3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1788086 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1788086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The education policy in the Kenya Vision 2030 emphasizes on providing globally competitive quality education, training and research to her citizens for national development and enhanced individual wellbeing. There is a mismatch between the skills possessed by the job seekers and those required by industry, which leads to under-utilization of the existing human resources capacity and poor state of infrastructure and equipment for research and higher education and training. The country\u2019s training institutions are also either inadequate or lack the essential facilities and technology to prepare students for the challenging market demands. The stakeholders in the education sector called for the introduction of a curriculum that would provide flexible education pathways for identifying and nurturing the talents and interests of learners early enough to prepare them for the world of work, career progression and sustainable development. It is interesting to note that there are so many programmes being initiated and funded in the country by foreign Governments, but very few are in the education sector. Kenya has however, had various actors who have come forward to help address the education challenges in attempts to build a knowledge society. This paper is about some of the partners that have been instrumental in this front. It addresses the main challenges affecting the youth in the education sector in attempt to build a knowledge society; and it appreciates the role of the international partners in moving in to address the issues critical to the development of the knowledge society.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 282-287\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Jackson Nzusyo Mutavi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAfrican Policy Centre (APC)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Awuor Ponge<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAfrican Policy Centre (APC)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] AFIDEP. (2015). \u2018Harnessing Youth Potential for Economic Growth.\u2019Policy Brief No. 50 of June 2015. Collaboration between National Council for Population and Development, Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis and African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP).\r\n[2] British Council. (2017). Youth Employment in Kenya \u2013 Literature Review. Nairobi: British Council.\r\n[3] Education Development Trust. (2018). Let All Girls Learn. A Case Study in Successful Educational Reform at Scale in Kenya. Available online at: https:\/\/www.educationdevelopmenttrust.com\/EducationDevelopmentTrust\/files\/7c\/7c7da2ef-ddd4-4ecb-a2c9-5bd9f3c6adcf.pdf [Accessed on 8 July 2020]\r\n[4] KIPPRA. (2010). \u2018Kenya Economic Report 2010 Enhancing Sectoral Contribution Towards Reducing Poverty, Unemployment and Inequality.\u2019 Nairobi: Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis.\r\n[5] Kitonga, A., Njonjo, K. S. &amp;Ponge, A. (Eds.) (2011). Youth Research Compendium. Nairobi: Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA). Available Online at: https:\/\/www.ieakenya.or.ke\/downloads.php?page=IEA-Youth-Compendium_2011.pdf [Accessed on 2 June 2020]\r\n[6] Koech, J. K., Ayodo, T.M.O &amp;Ngare, N. N. (2017). \u2018Free Day Secondary School Education: Causes of High Drop Out Rates of Students in Secondary Schools in Kipkelion Sub-County, Kericho County, Kenya.\u2019Kabarak Journal of Research &amp; Innovation, 5(1): 1 \u2013 11.\r\n[7] Lawrence, L. S. &amp;Orodho, J. A. (2014). Influence of Kenya Vision 2030\u2019s Education Policy on Quality Education in Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru District, Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(13): 69 \u2013 80.\r\n[8] Limukii, K. E. &amp;Mualuko, N. J. (2012). The free education policy in Kenya: A critique. International Journal of Education Administration and Policy Studies Vol. 4(1): 1 \u2013 5. Available online at http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/IJEAPS [Accessed on 28 April 2020]\r\n[9] Mackatiani, C., Imbovah, M., Imbova, N. &amp;Gakungai, D.K. (2016). Development of Education in Kenya: Influence of the Political Factor Beyond 2015 MDGs. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(11): 55 \u2013 60.\r\n[10] Mutegi, R, G., Muriithi, K. M. &amp;Wanjala, G. 2017. \u201cEducation policies in Kenya: does free secondary education promote equity in public secondary schools?\u201d\r\n[11] Ogutu, D. M. (2017). \u201cEducation System Change: Perspectives from Kenya.\u201d Part 4 in Brookings Institute (2017). Skills for a Changing World: Meaningful Education in Times of Uncertainty. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute. Available Online at: https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/meaningful-education-in-times-of-uncertainty\/ [Accessed on 10 December 2019]\r\n[12] Ohba, A. (2009). \u2018Does Free Secondary Education Enable the Poor to Gain Access? A Study from Rural Kenya.\u2019CREATE Pathways to Access, Research Monograph, No 21.\r\n[13] Oketch, M.&amp; Rolleston, C. (2007).\u2018Policies on Free Primary and Secondary Education in East Africa: Retrospect and Prospect.\u2019 Review of Research in Education, 31, 131\u2013158. JSTOR, www.jstor.org\/stable\/20185104. [Accessed on 28 April 2020].\r\n[14] Omolo, J. (2012). \u2018Youth Employment in Kenya: Analysis of Labour Market and Policy Interventions.\u2019FES Kenya Occasional Paper, 1.\r\n[15] Ponge, Awuor. (2013). \u2018Graduate Unemployment and Unemployability in Kenya \u2013 Transforming University Education to Cope with Market Demands and the Lessons for Africa.\u2019 International Journal of Social Science Tomorrow (IJSST). 2(3):1 \u2013 12.\r\n[16] Ponge, Awuor. (2019). \u2018The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in the Development of the Education Sector in Kenya \u2013 Providing Alternative Solutions to Education Challenges.\u2019 IOCOM Digest and Dialogue, The International Journal for Outcome Management Research and Practice, 5(1):34 \u2013 39.\r\n[17] Republic of Kenya. (2007). \u2018Kenya Vision 2030 Brochure.\u2019 Nairobi: Government Printer.\r\n[18] Republic of Kenya. (2012). Kenya vision 2030: A Globally Competitive and Prosperous Kenya. Nairobi: Government Printer.\r\n[19] Republic of Kenya. (2013). Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Strategic Plan 2013-2017. In line with Kenya Vision 2030 \u2013 Towards a Globally Competitive and Prosperous Kenya. Nairobi: Government Printer.\r\n[20] Republic of Kenya. (2018). Ministry of Education \u2013 National Education Sector Strategic Plan for the Period 2018 \u2013 2022. Nairobi: Government Printer. Available Online at: https:\/\/www.education.go.ke\/images\/NESSP\/NESSP-2018-2022.pdf [Accessed on 23 August 2019]\r\n[21] The Global Partnership for Education(GPE). (2019). \u2018Building StrongerEducation Systems: Stories of Change.\u2019 Washington, D.C.: GPE. Available Online at: https:\/\/www.globalpartnership.org\/content\/building-stronger-education-systems-stories-change [Accessed on 7 July 2020].\r\n[22] Thuo, J. N. (2020). \u2018Challenges Facing Kenyan Youth.\u2019 Available Online at: https:\/\/studyinkenya.co.ke\/blog\/challenges-facing-kenyan-youth [Accessed on 8 July 2020]\r\n[23] UNICEF (2001). Education. The State of World\u2019s Children. New York, NY: UNICEF.\r\n[24] USAID. (2020a). \u2018FACTSHEET \u2013 Kenya Youth Employment and Skills (K-YES) Program.\u2019 Available Online at: https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/1860\/K-YES_fact_sheet_Feb_2020.pdf [Accessed on 11 July 2020]\r\n[25] USAID. (2020b). \u2018FACTSHEET \u2013 Kenya Tusome Early Grade Reading.\u2019 Available Online at: https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/1860\/Tusome_fact_sheet_Feb_2020.pdf[Accessed on 6 July 2020]\r\n[26] USAID. (2020c). \u2018FACTSHEET \u2013 Generation Kenya.\u2019 Available online at: https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/1860\/Generation_Kenya_fact_sheet_Feb_2020.pdf [Accessed on 5 July 2020]\r\n[27] USAID. (2020d). \u2018FACTSHEET \u2013 Global Give Back Circle.\u2019 Available Online at: https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/1860\/GGBC_fact_sheet_Jan_2020.pdf [Accessed on 10 July 2020]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jackson Nzusyo Mutavi &amp; Awuor Ponge &#8220;The Role of Development Partners in Creating a Knowledge-based Society: The Panacea to the Youth Challenges in Education in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.282-287 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/282-287.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/282-287.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-development-partners-in-creating-a-knowledge-based-society-the-panacea-to-the-youth-challenges-in-education-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Role of Development Partners in Creating a Knowledge-based Society: The Panacea to the Youth Challenges in Education in Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1788f2c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1788f2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-178901a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"178901a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-178919b\" data-id=\"178919b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17892ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17892ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1789bc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1789bc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1789c60 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1789c60\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1789dac\" data-id=\"1789dac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-178c83d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"178c83d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-178c97b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"178c97b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-178cb38\" data-id=\"178cb38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-178cc6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"178cc6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-178cd1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"178cd1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-178ce99\" data-id=\"178ce99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-178cfb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"178cfb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Roles of Police in Conflict Management: A Critical Review of Literature<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Edmore M. Chijoko, Mqemane Tshababa, Columbus Jagada, Edward Tshuma, Matilda Singende, Tenson Ngwenya, Charles Musavengana &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 288-294<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-178d059 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"178d059\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-178d1db\" data-id=\"178d1db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-178d377 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"178d377\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">This paper reviews the roles of police in conflict management to situate the police in peace and security obligations in the world. Police as first responders to national crises ranging from crime, domestic and public violence, terrorism and international conflict have to be able to handle conflicts at all levels. The review clarifies roles of police in maintaining peace and tranquillity of states regarding these conflict situations. It also discusses the available opportunities which the police can exploit to guarantee sustainable and ineffaceable internal peace and security amidst a myriad of challenges, problems and issues regarding peace and security. Using the Critical Literature Review method, the authors established that police actions either exacerbate the polarity between conflicting parties through unreflective actions that escalate conflicts or manage to resolve the issues through strategic actions aimed at achieving broad objectives for peace and tranquillity. The involvement of police in international and regional peacekeeping missions also places the police in the broader perspective of international conflict management. Through participating and collaborating with other stakeholders who include intergovernmental organisations, other state security agencies, non-governmental organizations and private players, the roles of the police in conflict management span local, regional and international levels. Individual actions of police officers while executing their duties are also crucial. Therefore, the authors recommend that Police officers should be trained in conflict management and international relations at the grass-root level to conscientise them on peace and security matters. Further empirical studies are required to evaluate the police\u2019s readiness and competency in conflict management.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 288-294\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Edmore M. Chijoko<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZimbabwe Republic Police Staff College (An Associate College of the University of Zimbabwe)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mqemane Tshababa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZimbabwe Republic Police Staff College (An Associate College of the University of Zimbabwe)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Columbus Jagada<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZimbabwe Republic Police Staff College (An Associate College of the University of Zimbabwe)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Edward Tshuma<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZimbabwe Republic Police Staff College (An Associate College of the University of Zimbabwe)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Matilda Singende<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZimbabwe Republic Police Staff College (An Associate College of the University of Zimbabwe)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tenson Ngwenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZimbabwe Republic Police Staff College (An Associate College of the University of Zimbabwe)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Charles Musavengana<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZimbabwe Republic Police Staff College (An Associate College of the University of Zimbabwe)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Agastra, A. 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Police Community Engagement and Outreach in a Counterterrorism Context Counterterrorism Context. 5330.\r\n[7] Cherney, A., Murphy, K., &amp; Cherney, A. (2019). Support for Terrorism\u202f: The Role of Beliefs in Jihad and Institutional Responses to Terrorism Support for Terrorism\u202f: The Role of Beliefs in Jihad and Institutional Responses to Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 31(5), 1049\u20131069.\r\n[8] Dave, D. M., Friedson, A. I., Matsuzawa, K., Sabia, J. J., &amp; Safford, S. (2020). Black lives matter protests, social distancing, and COVID-19. NBER Working Paper Series, 53(9), 1689\u20131699.\r\n[9] Davis, L. M., Helmus, T. C., Hunt, P., &amp; Payne, L. A. (n.d.). Assessment of the State and Local Anti-Terrorism Training ( SLATT ) Program.\r\n[10] Diez, T., Stetter, S., &amp; Albert, M. (2006). The European Union and border conflicts: The transformative power of integration. International organization, 563-593.\r\n[11] Dodeye, U. W. (2016). The Role of Conflict Resolution in Counterterrorism in Nigeria\u202f: A Case Analysis of the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta ( MEND ) and Boko Haram ( BH ) Author ( s ): Dodeye Uduak Williams Published by: Canadian Mennonite University Stable. Canadian Journal of Peace and Resolution, 48(1), 173\u2013202.\r\n[12] Eltantawy, N., &amp; Wiest, J. B. (2011). The Arab Spring| Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource\r\nMobilization Theory. International Journal of Communication, 5, 18.\r\n[13] Fagan, J.,&amp; Tyler, T. (2004). Policing, Order Maintenance and Legitimacy. Policing in Central and Eastern Europe: Dilemmas of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Slovenia, University of Maribor-Faculty of Criminal Justice.\r\n[14] Follarin. (1997). Chapter Three. Journal of Library Administration, 23(3\u20134), 29\u201348.\r\n[15] Hills, A., &amp; Hills, A. (2006). Africa\u2019s Police Trojan Horses\u202f? USAID, Counter-terrorism and Africa\u2019s police. 6597.\r\n[16] Hove, M., &amp; Chenzi, V. (2020). Social media, civil unrest and government responses: the Zimbabwean Experience. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 38(1), 121\u2013137.\r\n[17] Kearns, E. M. (2020). Exploring Officer Views of Community Policing in Counterterrorism Exploring Officer Views of Community Policing in Counterterrorism. Police Practice and Research, 4263, 1\u201315.\r\n[18] Laqueur, W. (1996). No Title. 75(5), 24\u201336.\r\n[19] Lockwood, B., Doyle, M. D., Comiskey, J. G., Lockwood, B., Doyle, M. D., Armed, J. G. C., Lockwood, B., Doyle, M. D., &amp; Comiskey, J. G. (2018). Armed, but too dangerous\u202f? Factors associated with citizen support for the militarization of the police support for the militarization of the police. Criminal Justice Studies, 6028, 1\u201315.\r\n[20] Lumumba-Kasongo, T. (2019). Contemporary Theories of Conflict and their Social and Political Implications. Peace, Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, 29\u201348.\r\n[21] Mallappa, V., &amp; Mano, J., Kumar, K. S. (2015).Conflict Management in Management Library Professionals. DESIDOC Journal of Library &amp; Information Technology, 35(3).\r\n[22] McPhail, C., Schweingruber, D., &amp; McCarthy, J. (2018). Policing Protest in the United States: In Policing Protest (pp. 49\u201369).\r\n[23] Mlotshwa, K. J. (2019). In the Service of Press Freedom or the Imperial Agenda? Negotiating Repression and Coloniality in Zimbabwean Journalism. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 14(1).\r\n[24] Nyong, A. (2006). Climate-related conflicts in West Africa. Environmental Change and Security Program Report, 12, 36.\r\n[25] Oguonu, C. N., &amp; Ezeibe, C. C. (2014). African Union and conflict resolution in Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(27), 325\u2013332.\r\n[26] Olakunle, A. O. (2008). Organisational dynamics. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books Limited.\r\n[27] OSCE. (2014). Preventing Terrorism and Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism: A Community Policing Approach. Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe.\r\n[28] Paul, S., &amp; Brahma, S. (2017). Asian Research Consortium Role of Social Movements in Conflict Transformation with special reference to Bodoland Movement. January.\r\n[29] Real, R., &amp; Sousa, P. (2018). The Context of Conflict Resolution-International Relations and the Study of Peace and Conflict. January.\r\n[30] Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the1st of August 2018 Post-Election Violence (2018), Zimbabwe\r\n[31] Saad-Filho, A. (2013). Mass Protests Under \u2018left neoliberalism\u2019: Brazil, June-July 2013. Critical Sociology, 39(5), 657-669.\r\n[32] Schwartz, S. J., Dunkel, C. S., Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Dunkel, C. S., Terrorism, A. S. W., Schwartz, S. J., Dunkel, C. S., &amp; Waterman, A. S. (2009). Studies in Conflict &amp; amp\u202f; Terrorism Terrorism\u202f: An Identity Theory Perspective Terrorism\u202f: An Identity Theory Perspective. 0731(May).\r\n[33] Thompson, R. A., &amp; Hudson, A. (2017). An Introduction to Police Operations and Methods: The Connection to Law and History.\r\n[34] Sousa, W. H., &amp; Kelling, G. L. (2006). Of \u201cBroken Windows,\u201d Criminology, and Criminal Justice. Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives, 77-97.\r\n[35] Tyler, T. R. (2006). Psychological perspectives on legitimacy and Legitimation. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 57, 375-400.\r\n[36] Wang, G., Jing, R., &amp;Klossek, A. (2007).Antecedents and Management of Conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management.\r\n[37] Waxman, M. C. (2009). Police and National Security\u202f: American Local Law Enforcement and Counter-Terrorism after 9\/11 Police and National Security\u202f: American Local Law Enforcement and Counterterrorism After 9 \/ 11. 191(2008).\r\n[38] Zimbabwe\u2019s Constitution of 2013.www.constituteproject.org 1 (2013). https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\/constitution\/Zimbabwe_2013.pdf\r\n[39] https:\/\/www.timeslive.co.za\/news\/africa\/2019-01-15-activist-claims-he-is-being-silenced-over-shutdownzim-chaos\/BBC News (2018)\r\n[40] https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-44586218\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Edmore M. Chijoko, Mqemane Tshababa, Columbus Jagada, Edward Tshuma, Matilda Singende, Tenson Ngwenya, Charles Musavengana &#8220;Roles of Police in Conflict Management: A Critical Review of Literature&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.288-294 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/288-294.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/288-294.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/roles-of-police-in-conflict-management-a-critical-review-of-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roles of Police in Conflict Management: A Critical Review of Literature<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-178e257 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"178e257\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-178eced elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"178eced\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-178ed94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"178ed94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-178eefd\" data-id=\"178eefd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-178f010 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"178f010\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1791bb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1791bb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1791e23\" data-id=\"1791e23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1791fe8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1791fe8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17920ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17920ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1792219\" data-id=\"1792219\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1792328 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1792328\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17923d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17923d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1792547\" data-id=\"1792547\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1792676 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1792676\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of Civil Society in Peace Building in Somalia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abdiwahid Ali Ahmed, Dr. Lecturer Ba\u015fak \u00f6zoral &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 295-302<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-179271c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"179271c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1792896\" data-id=\"1792896\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17929d1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17929d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The transformation of the international system from a bipolar system to unipolar system during the 1990s substantively ended interstate wars on one hand but also saw the emergence of intrastate conflicts. The internal dynamics of these intrastate conflicts increased the complexities of peace building efforts as issues of international law such as state sovereignty deterred the direct intervention of states in the internal affairs of other states. Consequently, practitioners in peace building have had to rely on alternative mechanisms such as civil societies as viable partners in conflict resolution. Although civil societies have been extensively explored in peace initiatives in other parts of the world, research on civil societies in Somalia remains limited. This thesis therefore adopts an in-depth qualitative analysis of the role of civil societies in Somalia\u2019s peace-building initiatives. The thesis lays emphasis on thematic areas including protection of civilians from violence; monitoring of conflict; advocacy for human rights; inter-group social cohesion; socialization to peace values and democracy; facilitation of open dialogue; and as entry points for peace building.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 295-302\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdiwahid Ali Ahmed<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMaster Student, Institute Social Science, Department of African Studies and International Relations, Istanbul Commerce University, Istanbul, Turkey\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Lecturer Ba\u015fak \u00f6zoral<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer Political Science And International Relations Undergraduate Program , Department of African Studies and International Relations, Istanbul Commerce University, Istanbul, Turkey\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abbink, J. (2008). 5 The Islamic Courts Union: The Ebb And Flow Of A Somali Islamist Movement. In Movers and Shakers (pp. 87-113). Brill.\r\n[2] Abdullah, A. M. (2007). Perspectives on the state collapse in Somalia. Somalia and the Crossroads: Challenges and Perspectives on Reconstituting a Failed State, London, Adonis&amp;Abbey, 40-57.\r\n[3] Adebajo, A., &amp;Landsberg, C. (2000). Back to the future: UN peacekeeping in Africa. International Peacekeeping, 7(4), 161-188.\r\n[4] Adloff, F. (2005). Civil society: theory and political practice. CampusVerlag.\r\n[5] Ahmed, I. I. (1999). The heritage of war and state collapse in Somalia and Somaliland: local-level effects, external interventions and reconstruction. Third World Quarterly, 20(1), 113-127.\r\n[6] Andersen-Rodgers, D. R. (2015). Backhomeagain: Assessing the impact of provisions for internallydisplacedpersons in comprehensive peace accords. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 34(3), 24-45.\r\n[7] Barnes, C. (2002). Owning the process: Public participation in peacemaking (No. 13). Conciliation Resources.\r\n[8] Barnes, C. (2002). Democratizingpeacemaking processes: strategies and dilemmas for public participation. Owning the process: public participation in peacemaking, Accord, 13.\r\n[9] Bisley, N. (2007). Rethinking globalization. Macmillan International Higher Education.\r\n[10] Bove, V., &amp;Ruggeri, A. (2016). Kinds of blue: Diversity in UN peacekeeping missions and civilian protection. British Journal of Political Science, 46(3), 681-700.\r\n[11] Botes, J. M. (2003). Structural transformation. Conflict: From Analysis to Intervention, London, Continuum, 269-290.\r\n[12] Boutros-Ghali, B. (1992). An Agenda For Peace. Preventivediplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping. UN Document A.\r\n[13] Bradbury, M., &amp;Healy, S. (2010). Endless war: A brief history of the Somali conflict. Whose peace is it anyway.\r\n[14] Bradbury, M., Menkhaus, K., &amp; Marchal, R. (2001). Human development report, Somalia 2001.\r\n[15] Bradbury, M. (1994). The Somali conflict: prospects for peace. Oxfam GB.\r\n[16] Brand-Jacobsen, K. F., &amp;Jacobsen, C. G. (2002). Beyond security: new approaches, new perspectives, new actors. Searching for Peace: The Road to TRANSCEND. London: Pluto, 142-51.\r\n[17] Bruton, B. E. (2010). Somalia: A new approach (No. 52). Council on Foreign Relations.\r\n[18] Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Somalia: Information on the Peace and Human Rights Network (PHRN, also known as INXA), includingfoundation, objectives, structure, and leadership; treatment of staff and supporters of humanrights groups, including PHRN, by Al Shabaab (2005-2013), 15 August 2017, SOM105956.E, available at: https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/5ad0a20f4.html [accessed 1 June 2020]\r\n[19] Cannon, B., &amp;Iyekekpolo, W. (2018). ExplainingTransborderTerroristAttacks: The Cases of Boko Haram and Al-Shabaab. African Security, 11(4), 370-396.\r\n[20] Cannon, B. J., &amp;Ruto-Pkalya, D. (2019). Why al-shabaabattacks Kenya: questioning the narrativeparadigm. Terrorism and political violence, 31(4), 836-852.\r\n[21] Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD). (2020). Promoting Stability inSomalia. https:\/\/www.hdcentre.org\/activities\/somalia\/\r\n[22] Chandler, D. (1999). Bosnia: Faking Democracy after DaytonLondon: Pluto.\r\n[23] Cheibub, J. A., &amp; Hays, J. C. (2017). Elections and civil war in Africa. Political Science Research and Methods, 5(1), 81-102.\r\n[24] Cheldelin, S., &amp;Druckman, D. L. Fast (eds). 2003. Conflict: from analysis to intervention.\r\n[25] Costantini, G. (2012). Strengthening civil society in Somalia: Developing a comprehensive strategy. Brussels: The EU Somalia Unit and DFID.\r\n[26] Daniels, C. L. (2013). South China sea: energy and security conflicts. Scarecrow Press.\r\n[27] DanishRefugee Council. (2020).Somalia Resilience Programme (SOMREP).https:\/\/drc.ngo\/media\/2442595\/somalia-resilience-programme-somrep-leaflet.pdf\r\n[28] DanishRefugee Council. (2017). Strengthening police accountability and access to justice in Somalia.https:\/\/drc.ngo\/media\/5216877\/somalia-social-justice-program.pdf\r\n[29] De Leon, D. (1886). The Conference at Berlin on the West-African Question. Political Science Quarterly, 1(1), 103-139.\r\n[30] De Tocqueville, A. (1982). Alexis de Tocqueville on democracy, revolution, and society. University of Chicago Press.\r\n[31] De Tocqueville, A. (1896). The recollections of Alexis de Tocqueville. Macmillan.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abdiwahid Ali Ahmed, Dr. Lecturer Ba\u015fak \u00f6zoral, &#8220;The Role of Civil Society in Peace Building in Somalia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.295-302 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/295-302.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/295-302.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-civil-society-in-peace-building-in-somalia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> The Role of Civil Society in Peace Building in Somalia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-179391f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"179391f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1793a0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1793a0f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1793b9e\" data-id=\"1793b9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1793cc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1793cc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1793d7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1793d7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1793ee0\" data-id=\"1793ee0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1793fff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1793fff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17940ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17940ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1794203\" data-id=\"1794203\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1794325 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1794325\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17943c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17943c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1794512\" data-id=\"1794512\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-179461b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"179461b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-179b074 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"179b074\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-179b2d1\" data-id=\"179b2d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-179b4d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"179b4d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-179b81b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"179b81b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-179b9a6\" data-id=\"179b9a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-179baf6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"179baf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The trend of drug abuse is increasing in Malaysia and a significant number of them are youths. Past studies discover that youths do not seek professional help or do not even seek help when they are abusing drugs. Thus, it is important to understand the reason behind them. This is crucial as drug abusers are always hiding their identity. The study aims to identify the barriers which keep the youth away from seeking help. Methodologically, the study employs qualitative approach to have in-depth understanding about the barriers faced by the young drug addicts in seeking help for treatment. The study is carried out in a drugs rehabilitation centre in Kuching area targeting the youths who are currently undergoing treatment in the centre. Majority of them are not admitted voluntarily. The sampling is identified using purposive technique. Instruments used for the study includes in-depth interview by using guided interview questions. The findings are analysed using content analysis to develop themes through the verbatim data. The study enquires about their experiences on drug abuse and their journey to the rehabilitation centre. Thus, the major finding indicates the barriers faced by them during the journey. Most of the respondents never had the intention to seek help until the family members took action. They had made drugs abuse behavior as part of their youth culture. Majority of the respondents are lack of awareness on the existing help system and concern on the legal action if they expose themselves. The findings of the study have implications on the community with the drug abusing youth in prevention and recovery policy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 303-311\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joan J. J. Sim <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Kamsiah Bt Ali<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abadinsky, H. (2018). Drug use and abuse: A comprehensive introduction (9th ed). USA: Cengage Learning.\r\n[2] Adlina, S., Suthahar, A., Ramli, M., Edariah, A. B., Aye, S. S., Ariff, F. M., Narimah, A. H. H., Nuraliza, A. S., Karuthan, C. (2007). 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University of Malaya: Faculty of Medicine.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joan J. J. Sim, Kamsiah Bt Ali, &#8220;Youth Drug Abusers: Barriers in Help-Seeking&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.303-311 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/303-311.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/303-311.pdf\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a5d63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17a5d63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17a5e2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17a5e2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a5f8e\" data-id=\"17a5f8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a6149 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17a6149\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17a622a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17a622a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col- elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a63a8\" data-id=\"17a63a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a6559\" data-id=\"17a6559\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a6688 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17a6688\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>\u201cICT Integration in Teaching and Learning in Practicum\u201d: What is the Conception of Pre-Service Teachers in Mccoy College of Education?<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Linus Mwinkaar, Peter Paul Yelletuo &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 312-317<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17a672e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17a672e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a73a2\" data-id=\"17a73a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a7558 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17a7558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2481\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2481\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2482\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2482\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2483\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2483\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2484\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2484\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2485\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2485\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2486\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2486\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2481\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2481\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2481\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study focused on pre-service teachers\u2019 knowledge and conception of ICT integration in teaching and learning in McCoy College of Education, Nadowli in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The study was hinged on Technology Acceptance Model. The study used descriptive survey. Census sampling was used to select all the 44 pre-service teachers in their final year of training for the study. The study used questionnaire to collect the data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages were used to analyse the quantitative data. The study\u2019s findings showed that greater number of the pre-service teachers possess knowledge in ICT, have good conception about ICT integration in teaching and learning, and are willing to use ICT in teaching. It is recommended that pre-service teachers be given more training in ICT and be exposed to the ICT integration in teaching and learning in their colleges of training. Management of the college and other colleges of education should encourage, motivate and supervise pre-service teachers to integrate ICT in their daily learning and practicing how to teach.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 312-317\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2482\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2482\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2482\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Linus Mwinkaar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Education, McCoy College of Education, Nadowli, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Peter Paul Yelletuo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Education, McCoy College of Education, Nadowli, Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2483\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2483\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2483\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abao, F., Dayagbil, F., &amp; Boholano, H. (2015). Engagement to Social Networking: Challenges and Opportunities to Educators. European Scientific Journal, 11(16), 173\u2010191.\r\n[2] Abosi, C. O., &amp; Brokman-Amissah, J. (2002). Introduction to education in Ghana. Accra: Sedco Publishing Limited.\r\n[3] Agyei, D. D. (2013). Analysis of technology integration in teacher education in Ghana. Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective, 8(1), 69-86.\r\n[4] Al Bataineh, M. T. (2014). The relationship between social studies teachers\u2019 attitudes towards technology and their perceptions of competency needed for implementing technology in their classrooms in Jordan. World Journal on Educational Technology, 6(2), 226-237.\r\n[5] Anamuah-Mensah, J. (2000). The race against underdevelopment: A mirage or reality. Accra: Ghana Universities Press.\r\n[6] Bank, W. (2001). World development report: Knowledge for development. New York: Oxford University Press.\r\n[7] Bennet, S., Maton, A. K., &amp; Kervin, L. (2008). The &#8220;digital natives&#8221; debate: a critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39 (5), 775-786.\r\n[8] Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., &amp; Rumble, M. (2012). Defining Twenty First Learning Skills. In Griffin, P., Mc Gaw, B., Care E. (Eds.). Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills, 17\u201366 Dordrecht: Springer.\r\n[9] Boholano, H. (2013). ICT Based Instruction in a Constructivist Classroom. Int. J. Comp. Educ.Dev., 15(2), 124\u2010136.\r\n[10] Borg, W. D., &amp; Gall, D. W. (1963). Educational Research: An introduction 4th Ed. London: Longman.\r\n[11] Bowey, J. A. (1995). Socioeconomic status differences in preschool phonological sensitivity and first-grade reading achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87(3), 476\u2013487.\r\n[12] Carmine, B., Silbert, J., &amp; Kameenui, E. J. (1997). Direct instruction reading (3rd Ed.). New Jersey: Merrill\/ Prentice Hall.\r\n[13] Fullan, M., &amp; Langworthy, M. (2014). A Rich Seam: How New Pedagogies Find Deep Learning. London: Pearson.\r\n[14] Ministry of Education. (2008). ICT in Education Policy. Accra, Ghana: Ministry of Education.\r\n[15] Ghana Ministry of Education . (2017). National Teachers\u2019 Standards for Ghana: Guidelines. Accra: Ghana Ministry of Education .\r\n[16] Ghana Ministry of Education. (2017). The National Teacher Education Curriculum Framework. Accra: Ghana Ministry of Education.\r\n[17] Ghana Ministry of Education. (2018). Ghana\u2019s National Pre-Tertiary Education Curriculum Framework. Accra: Ghana Ministry of Education.\r\n[18] Ghanney , A. R., &amp; Mwinkaar, L. (2019). INTEGRATION AND USAGE OF ICT BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN THE GOMOA WEST DISTRICT OF GHANA. International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods,7(1), 17-26.\r\n[19] Kankam, G., &amp; Weiler, J. (2010). A Guide to Action Research for Colleges of Education and Universities. Accra: Readwide Publishers.\r\n[20] Mayer-Schonberger, V., &amp; Cukier, K. (2013). Big data: A revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.\r\n[21] Mercer, C. D., &amp; Mercer, A. R. (2001). Teaching students with learning problems, (6th Ed.). Columbus Ohio: Charles E. Merrill.\r\n[22] National Research Council. (2012). Education for Life and Work: Developing Transferable Knowledge and Skills in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies.\r\n[23] Nicholls, A., &amp; Nicholls, H. (1974). Developing a curriculum: a practical guide. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.\r\n[24] Onyia, C. R., &amp; Onyia, M. (2011). Faculty perception for technology integration in Nigeria university system: Implication for faculty quality curriculum design. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (12).\r\n[25] Parasuraman, A. (2000). Technology readiness index (TRI): A multiple-item scale to measure readiness to embrace new technologies. Journal of Service Research, 2, 307-320.\r\n[26] Partnership for 21st century skills (P21). (2009). Framework for 21st century learning .\r\n[27] Pellegrino , J. W., &amp; Hilton, M. L. (2012). Education for Life and Work: Developing Transferable Knowledge and Skills in the 21st Century. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.\r\n[28] Porter, C. E., &amp; Donthu, N. (2006). Using the technology acceptance model to explain how attitudes determine internet usage. The role of perceived access barriers and demographics. Journal of Business Research, 59, 999-1007.\r\n[29] Qasem, A. A., &amp; Viswanathappa, G. (2016). Teacher perceptions towards ICT integration: Professional development through blended learning. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 15, 561-575.\r\n[30] Ricket, M. A., List, L. K., &amp; Lerner, J. W. (1989). Reading problems. Assessment and teaching strategies. London: Prentice-Hall.\r\n[31] Schirmer, B. R. (2008). How Effectively Are We Preparing Teacher Educators in Special Education?: The ase of Deaf Education. American annals of the deaf, 153(4), 411-419.\r\n[32] Se\u00b4ne\u00b4chal, M., Lefevre, J. A., Thomas, E., &amp; Dale, K. (1998). Differential effects of home literacy experiences on the development of oral and written language. Reading Research Quarterly, 33(1), 96\u2013116.\r\n[33] Shah, R. K. (2016). Instructional Methods for Teaching Social Studies: A Survey of What Primary School Children Like and Dislike about Social Studies Instruction. International Journal of Advanced Research in Education &amp; Technology, 3(1) , 81-87.\r\n[34] Shah, R. K. (2013). Designing a Progressive Curriculum of Social Studies for Primary Education in Nepal. An Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Lucknow.\r\n[35] Shihab, I. A. (2011). Reading as critical thinking. Asian Social Science, 7(8), 209-218.\r\n[36] Stenhouse, L. (1979). Curriculum Research in Action. London: Heinemann.\r\n[37] Sugar, W., Crawley, F., &amp; Fine, B. (2004). Examining teachers\u2019 decisions to adopt new technology. Educational Technology and Society, 7(4), 201-213.\r\n[38] Suleman, Q., Aslam, D. H., Habib, B. M., Yasmeen, K., Julalian, M., Akhtar , Z., &amp; Akhta, B. (2015). Exploring Factors Affecting Girls\u2019 Education at Secondary Level: A Case of Karak District, Pakistan. Journal of Education and Practice 6 (19), 95-109.\r\n[39] Zhao, Y. (2007). Social studies teachers\u2019 perspectives of technology integration. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 15(3), 311-333.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2484\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2484\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2484\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Linus Mwinkaar, Peter Paul Yelletuo, &#8220;\u201cICT Integration in Teaching and Learning in Practicum\u201d: What is the Conception of Pre-Service Teachers in Mccoy College of Education?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.312-317 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/312-317.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2485\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2485\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2485\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/312-317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2486\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2486\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2486\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/ict-integration-in-teaching-and-learning-in-practicum-what-is-the-conception-of-pre-service-teachers-in-mccoy-college-of-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cICT Integration in Teaching and Learning in Practicum\u201d: What is the Conception of Pre-Service Teachers in Mccoy College of Education?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a856c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"17a856c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17a866d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17a866d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a8825\" data-id=\"17a8825\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a896b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17a896b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17a8a24 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17a8a24\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a8b8f\" data-id=\"17a8b8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a8cb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17a8cb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17a8d64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17a8d64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a8f2f\" data-id=\"17a8f2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a905c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17a905c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17a910b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17a910b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a92d2\" data-id=\"17a92d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a93fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17a93fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17a94b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17a94b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a9601\" data-id=\"17a9601\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a971c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17a971c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17a97be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17a97be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a992f\" data-id=\"17a992f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a9a44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17a9a44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Investigation into the Causes and Effects of Women Political Underrepresentation in Ogun State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Elias Mabel Oyindamola; Prof. Azeez Olaniyan- November 2020 Page No.: 318-325<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17a9af1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17a9af1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17a9c7a\" data-id=\"17a9c7a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17a9fbe elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17a9fbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2481\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2481\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2482\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2482\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2483\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2483\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2484\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2484\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2485\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2485\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2486\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2486\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2481\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2481\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2481\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nigeria has been described as a patriarchal nation because of the low level of women political participation. Women are expected to partake in governance and the decision-making process of a nation because their challenges can only be understood and effectively solved by themselves. Therefore, it has become necessary to identify the causes and understand the effects of low political underrepresentation of women in Nigeria. This study employed the use of primary and secondary data to identify the causes and effects of women&#8217;s underrepresentation in the political sphere. Primary data was obtained by administering 100 questionnaires and interviews at Obafemi\/Owode Local Government in Ogun state; 97 of these questionnaires were returned. The secondary sources of information include published journals, theses, papers from academic conferences, and an online repository of information. This study identified some causes of women&#8217;s political underrepresentation in Nigeria. The effects of poor representation of women in governance and decision-making process were discussed. Possible solutions identified to the identified challenges were highlighted and concrete recommendations were made.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 318-325\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41107<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2482\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2482\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2482\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Elias Mabel Oyindamola<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEkiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Prof. Azeez Olaniyan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEkiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2483\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2483\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2483\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adebowale, O. 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(1999). Reflections on Gender Issues in Africa. Harare: Southern African Research and Documentation Centre, Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant- SAPES Books Publishers.\r\n[32] Melesse, A. &amp;Ojulu, O. (2014). Assessment of Gender Equality in Ethiopia: The Position of Ethiopian Women\u2019s Political Representation from The World, Sub- Saharan Africa, and Eastern Africa Ethiopian Civil Service University. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 3 (4).\r\n[33] Ogbogu, O. (2012). The Role of Women in Politics and in the Sustenance of Democracy in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3 (18) Ogunjemilua, A., &amp;Familugba, J. (2015). The Contributions of Nigeria Women Towards\r\n[34] National Development. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research,3 (5).\r\n[35] Oke, L. (2015). Democracy; Women\u2019s Political Participation and The Policy Environment in Nigeria.Developing Country Studies, 5 (10).\r\n[36] Okpilike, F., &amp;Abamba, G. (2014). Sociological Explanations of Male Dominance in Nigerian Party Politics: Implications for Education. British Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science,3 (2), 154\u2013162.\r\n[37] Olufade, A. (2013). Nigerian Women, Politics and the National Identity Question. African Educational Research Journal, 1(3), 161-170\r\n[38] Omolewa, M. (2002). Education, in Africa Atlases (Nigeria) Paris-France, Les Editions J.A.,115-118\r\n[39] Oni, E. (2014). The Dynamics of Women Political Emancipation and Political Participation in Nigeria, Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 16(3). Onyeji, E. (2019), 2019 Elections Worst for Nigerian Women in Nearly Two Decades,\r\n[40] Analyses Show, Premium Time Ng, April 20, 2019 https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/headlines\/326243-2019-elections-worst- fornigerian-women-in-nearly-two-decades-analyses-show.html\r\n[41] Philips, A. (1995). The Politics of Presence. Clarendon Press, Retrieved 1st August, 2019 from https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?q=Philips+A.+The+politics+of+presence+1995+Clarendon+Press+Punch (2019). Women in Politics: Nigeria ranks 181 out of 193 Countries, Retrieved June19th 2020 from https:\/\/punchng.com\/women-in-politics-nigeria-ranks-181-out-of-193- countries\/\r\n[42] Radu, S. (2018). Women Still a Rare Part of the World\u2019s Parliaments, Retrieved 7th June, 2020 from https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/best-countries\/articles\/2018-09-04\/women-are-still- underrepresented-in-parliaments-around-the-world\r\n[43] Sandra, P. (2018). Why Women in politics? Women Deliver: National Democratic Institute,Retrieved 1st August, 2019 from https:\/\/www.womendeliver.org\/2018\/why-women-in-politics\/\r\n[44] Shimelis, K. (2015). Challenges and Opportunities of Women Political Participation in Ethiopia. Journal of Global Economics, 3 (4).DOI: 10.4172\/2375-4389.1000162\r\n[45] Uchegbu, A., (2006). Nigeria: Achievements of Akunyili, Okonjo-Iweala, Others a Challenge. Retrieved October 25th, 2019 from https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200608100323.html\r\n[46] UN Women (2019). Facts and figures: Leadership and Political Participation. Retrieved 12th July, 2020 from https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/what-we-do\/leadership-and-political- participation\/facts-and-figures\r\n[47] Wangnerud, L. (2009). Women in Parliaments: Descriptive and Substantive Representation. Annual Review of Political Science, 12, 51-69\r\n[48] Will, R. (2014). Ebola crisis: How Nigeria&#8217;s Dr Adadevoh Fought the Virus. BBC, Retrieved October 10th, 2019 from https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-29696011\r\n[49] world Population Review (2020). Nigeria Populaton (Live). Retieved august 15th 2020 from https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/countries\/nigeria-population\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2484\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2484\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2484\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Elias Mabel Oyindamola, Prof. Azeez Olaniyan &#8220;An Investigation into the Causes and Effects of Women Political Underrepresentation in Ogun State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.318-325 November 2020\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41107<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2485\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2485\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2485\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/318-325.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2486\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2486\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2486\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-investigation-into-the-causes-and-effects-of-women-political-under-representation-in-ogun-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Investigation into the Causes and Effects of Women Political Underrepresentation in Ogun State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17ab8f6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17ac045\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17ac199\" data-id=\"17ac199\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17ac2a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17ac2a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17ac339 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17ac339\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17ac480\" data-id=\"17ac480\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17b0dec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17b0dec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17b0f02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17b0f02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17b10bb\" data-id=\"17b10bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17b11f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17b11f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17b129f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17b129f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17b1428\" data-id=\"17b1428\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17b1542 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17b1542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Auditing on VAT Compliance: A case study of small VAT operators in Blantyre City of Malawi<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Lovemore George Mwanandi November 2020 Page No.: 326-343<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17b15f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17b15f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17c7594\" data-id=\"17c7594\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c780a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17c780a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2491\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2492\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2493\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2494\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2495\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2495\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2496\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2496\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2491\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The perception of many tax professionals and other scholars is that VAT auditing has a positive effect on compliance of VAT operators and the study was carried out to assess that belief. Quantitative data was collected from a sample of 353 respondents using probability sampling technique and 101 respondents responded positively representing a 29% response rate. The study established that there was a weak insignificant negative relationship between VAT compliance and audit and that only 1 % of VAT operator\u2019s compliance is explained by VAT audits. In the circumstance, the study informed that VAT audits do not make a substantial impact on VAT compliance in Malawi. This means that VAT compliance cannot in any way be affected by audit rates in Malawi and that audit productivity and effectiveness does not add much value to compliance and revenue.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 326-343\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2492\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Lovemore George Mwanandi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPrivate Industry Practioner\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2493\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adekanola, O. 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Journal of American Taxation Association, 16(2), 82-105.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2494\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lovemore George Mwanandi, &#8220;Impact of Auditing on VAT Compliance: A case study of small VAT operators in Blantyre City of Malawi&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.326-343 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/326-343.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2496\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2496\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2496\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-auditing-on-vat-compliance-a-case-study-of-small-vat-operators-in-blantyre-city-of-malawi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Impact of Auditing on VAT Compliance: A case study of small VAT operators in Blantyre City of Malawi<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c882a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17c8abd\" data-id=\"17c8abd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c8bf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17c8bf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17c8cac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17c8fbd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17c9118\" data-id=\"17c9118\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c9220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17c9220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17c92e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17c92e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17c946a\" data-id=\"17c946a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c9576 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17c9576\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17c9614 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17c9614\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17c9782\" data-id=\"17c9782\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c9896 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17c9896\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The evolution of marketing research topics in developing countries over the decade: evidence from the Middle East<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ghaith M. Al-Abdallah &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 344-346<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17c9934 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17c9934\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17c9aae\" data-id=\"17c9aae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c9bdb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17c9bdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2491\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2492\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2493\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2494\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2495\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2495\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2496\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2496\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2491\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Marketing and business research topics vary between the different regions of the world, while developed and well-developed countries are leading the world scientific research, developing countries need to focus on research relevant to their situation. This, in many cases, means doing research that has been already covered in developed countries. While the genuine (new-to-the-world) level of such research may not be high, the contribution to the theoretical and practical knowledge about developing countries is very important. Many elite journals do not understand this point clearly, and some of them would reject a research from a developing country because it has been covered in developed ones. However, the results obtained from such research may not be the same, not to mention that the interpretation of such results could be very different. Accordingly, researchers in developing countries may end up repeating some to the examined topics in developed countries but with special focus on their own markets macroenvironment and special circumstances, this would provide insightful understanding of these markets even if the topic itself is not considered new in the academic community. Therefore, the leading research topics covered in developing countries during the past decade are very different from the one covered in developed countries. In this editorial we will go through the main trends that dominate the marketing research in developing countries in the Middle East. We will follow my colleagues and I research of active and contemporary topics in the Middle East starting 2010 till the end of 2020.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 344-346\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 December 2020<\/p>\r\n\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41108 target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41108<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2492\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ghaith M. Al-Abdallah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAmerican University of Madaba, Jordan\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2493\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbou-Moghli, A. &#038; Al-Abdallah, Gh., (2018), Evaluating The Association Between Corporate Entrepreneurship and Firm Performance, International Journal of Entrepreneurship; Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 1-10.\r\n[2]\tAbou-Moghli, A. Alabdallah,Gh., &#038; Muala, A. (2012) Impact of Innovation on Realizing Competitive Advantage in Banking Sector in Jordan. American Academic &#038; Scholarly Research Journal; Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 209-217.\r\n[3]\tAbou-Moghli, A., Al-Moumany, S., &#038; Alabdallah, Gh. (2013) The Role of the Disclosure and Transparency in Combating Financial and Administrative Corruption: A Field Study on Jordanian Public Joint-Stock Industrial Companies listed in Amman Stock Market. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business; Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 368-381. \r\n[4]\tAbou-Moghli, A.A. &#038; Al-Abdallah, G.M. (2019). A systematic review of women entrepreneurs\u2019 opportunities and challenges in Saudi Arab. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(6). \r\n[5]\tAl Qeisi, K., &#038; Alabdallah, Gh. (2013) Internet Banking Adoption in Jordan: A Behavioral Approach, International Journal of Marketing Studies; Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 84-108.\r\n[6]\tAl Qeisi, K., &#038; Alabdallah, Gh. (2014) Website Design and Usage Behaviour: An Application of the UTAUT Model for Internet Banking in UK, International Journal of Marketing Studies; Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 75-89.\r\n[7]\tAlabdallah, Gh. &#038; Aborumman, A. (2012) The Effect of Brand Associations on Customer Loyalty: Empirical Study on Mobile Devices in Jordan. American Academic &#038; Scholarly Research Journal; Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 122-134.\r\n[8]\tAl-Abdallah, Gh. &#038; Bataineh, A. (2018) Social Networking Sites and Fashion E-Purchasing Process, Journal of Business &#038; Retail Management Research; Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 36-49. \r\n[9]\tAl-Abdallah, Gh. &#038; Chew, V. (2019) Barriers to Six Sigma implementation in Chinese small and medium steel enterprises, Accepted at: International Journal of Business Excellence, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 454-466. \r\n[10]\tAlabdallah, Gh. (2013) Customer Relationship Management and Internet Implementation: Empirical Study on local Jordanian Enterprises. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business; Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 44-56.\r\n[11]\tAlabdallah, Gh. (2013) The Effect of Customer-Company Relationship on Internet Adoption in Jordanian Small and Medium Enterprises, Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies; Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 192-199.\r\n[12]\tAlabdallah, Gh. (2015) The Impact of Internet Marketing Research on Achieving Competitive Advantage, International Journal of Arts &#038; Sciences; Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 619-627.\r\n[13]\tAlabdallah, Gh., &#038; Abou-Moghli, A. (2012) Market Analysis and the Feasibility of Establishing Small Businesses. European Scientific Journal; Vol. 8, No. 9, pp. 94-113. \r\n[14]\tAlabdallah, Gh., &#038; Abou-Moghli, A. (2012) The Effect of Promotional Mix on Internet Adoption in Jordanian Small and Medium Enterprises. European Scientific Journal; Vol. 8, No. 12, pp. 96-112.\r\n[15]\tAl-Abdallah, Gh., &#038; Ahmed, R. (2018) The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer Loyalty in the Qatari Telecommunication Sector, Journal of Business &#038; Retail Management Research; Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 253-268. \r\n[16]\tAlabdallah, Gh., Abdallah, A., &#038; Bany-Hamdan, A. (2014) The Impact of Supplier Relationship Management on Competitive Performance of Manufacturing Firms, International Journal of Business and Management; Vol. 9, No. 2; pp. 192-202.\r\n[17]\tAl-Abdallah, Gh., Abou-Moghli, A. &#038; Al-Thani, A. (2018), An Examination of the e-commerce Technology Drivers in the Real Estate Industry, Problems and Perspectives in Management, Volume 16, Issue 4, 2018; Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 1-27. \r\n[18]\tAlabdallah, Gh., Al-Khawaldeh, K., &#038;  Al-Hadid, A. (2014) Internet Usage and Traditional Distribution Channels: The Moderating Effect of the Firm\u2019s Size in Jordan, International Business Research Journal; Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 81-90.\r\n[19]\tAl-Bourini, F., Al-Abdallah, Gh., &#038; Abou-Moghli, A. (2013) Organizational Culture and Total Quality. Management, International Journal of Business and Management; Vol. 8, No. 24, pp. 95-106.\r\n[20]\tBataineh, A., Alabdallah, Gh., &#038; Alkharabsheh, A. (2015) Determinants of Continuance Intention to Use Social Networking Sites SNS: Studying the Case of Facebook, International Journal of Marketing Studies; Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 121-135.\r\n[21]\tBataineh, A., Alabdallah, Gh., Salhab, H., &#038; Shoter, A. (2015) The Effect of Relationship Marketing on Customer Retention in the Jordanian Pharmaceutical Sector, International Journal of Business and Management; Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 117-131.\r\n[22]\tBataineh, A., Alhadid, A., Alabdallah, Gh., &#038; Alfalah, T. (2016) The Role of Information Technology Capabilities in Capitalizing Market Agility in Jordanian Telecommunications Sector, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences; Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 90-101.\r\n[23]\tGhattas, D. &#038; Al-Abdallah, G. (2020) Factors affecting customers\u2019 selection of community pharmacies: The mediating effect of branded pharmacies and the moderating effect of demographics, Management Science Letters, Vol. 10, No. 8, pp. 1-12.\r\n[24]\tMustafa, S. &#038; Al-Abdallah, Gh. (2020) The evaluation of traditional communication channels and its impact on purchase decision, Management Science Letters, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp. 1-12. \r\nCONFERENCES\r\n\r\n[25]\tAl-Abdallah, Gh. (2013) the Effect of Customer-Company Relationship on Internet Adoption in Jordanian Small and Medium Enterprises. Paper abstract presented at the Second International Conference on Global Business Environment, International Foundation for Research and Development, Bangkok, Thailand.\r\n[26]\tAl-Abdallah, Gh. (2014), Internet Marketing Research and Competitive Advantage. Paper presented at the International Conference for Academic Disciplines, Ca&#8217; Foscari University, Venice, Italy.\r\n[27]\tAl-Abdallah, Gh. (2015), A Modified Delone &#038; Mclean Model for Mobile Banking. Paper presented at the 18th International Academic Conference, London, UK.\r\n[28]\tAl-Abdallah, Gh. (2019), Internal Marketing and the Productivity of Employees in the Industrial Enterprises in Jordan. Paper presented at the 4th International Scientific Conference, Amman Arab University, Amman \u2013 Jordan.\r\n[29]\tAl-Hourani, N., Al-Abdallah, Gh. &#038; Abou-Moghli, A. (2013), The Effect of Organizational Factors on Administrative Problem Solving in the Jordanian Commercial Banks. Paper presented at the Western Business and Management Association Annual Conference, Rome, Italy.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2494\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ghaith M. Al-Abdallah &#8220;The evolution of marketing research topics in developing countries over the decade: evidence from the Middle East&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.344-346 November 2020\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41108<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2495\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2495\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2495\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/344-346.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2496\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2496\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2496\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-evolution-of-marketing-research-topics-in-developing-countries-over-the-decade-evidence-from-the-middle-east\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The evolution of marketing research topics in developing countries over the decade: evidence from the Middle East<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17caec8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"17caec8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17cafda elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17cafda\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17cb168\" data-id=\"17cb168\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap 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data-id=\"17cb808\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17cb916 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17cb916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17cb9cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17cb9cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17cbb1a\" data-id=\"17cbb1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17cbc35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17cbc35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17cbcd4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17cbcd4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17cbe26\" data-id=\"17cbe26\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17cbf33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17cbf33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17cbfd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17cbfd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17cc124\" data-id=\"17cc124\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17cc235 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17cc235\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17cc2d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17cc2d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17cc43c\" data-id=\"17cc43c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17cc550 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17cc550\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of Family Communication Patterns on Muslim Families in Choosing Halal Food in Thailand<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kuhafeesah Rongso, Prahastiwi Utari, Andre Rahmanto &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 347-351<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17cc5ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17cc5ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17cc761\" data-id=\"17cc761\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17cc893 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17cc893\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2491\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2492\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2493\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2494\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2495\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2495\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2496\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2496\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2491\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to determine how to examine how the value of family communication patterns in choosing halal food among Muslims in ethnic minority Thailand. What influence and limitations are there? How is consistency and communication in food choices? Choosing halal food is very important for Muslims. Factors in choosing halal food affected family communication style. In other words, each family has a different way of communicating, here it is mostly consensual communication, although it is open to opinions and discussions, but is subject to parental rules. Nowadays, food is processed in different ways, and the processing process cannot be realized whether it is correct according to Islam or not. Thus leading to food, Shubahat (The suspicion of food), but there are still Muslims eating it. And this is also an obstacle to food choices. For Muslims who do not care about halal or haram, they must admit that they eat everything that has been processed. The method is used as a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. Data were collected by questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation of the research objective From the results of the study, and it can be concluded that the value and influence on the communication style of Muslim families in Thailand are very important in choosing halal food not only in this country. But in every country with a small number of Muslims, Be careful when choosing food In each family, the method of communication differs depending on the parent&#8217;s policy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 347-351\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41109<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2492\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kuhafeesah Rongso<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCommunication Management, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prahastiwi Utari<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCommunication Management, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Andre Rahmanto<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCommunication Management, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2493\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\nDREW DESILVER AND DAVID MASCI, \u201cWorld Population Review,\u201d 2020. https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/muslim-population-by-country.\r\n[2]\tP. Online, \u201cPengumuman Interior,\u201d 2020.\r\n[3]\tT. Widodo, \u201cTHE INFLUENCE OF MUSLIM CONSUMER\u2019S PERCEPTION TOWARD HALAL FOOD PRODUCT ON ATTITUDE AND PURCHASE INTENTION AT RETAIL STORES,\u201d Inovbiz, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1\u201320, 2013.\r\n[4]\tayat 88 Surat Al-Ma\u2019idah, Al-Quran.\r\n[5]\tA. 173 Surah Al-Baqarah, Al-Quran. \r\n[6]\tM. Gilquin, The Muslims of Thailand, trans.&#8221; Michael Smithies (Chiang Mai: IRASEC &#038; Silkworm Books, 2005). 2002.\r\n[7]\tM. Sherwani, A. Ali, A. Ali, S. Hussain, and H. G. Zadran, &#8220;Determinants of Muslim consumers&#8217; Halal meat consumption: applying and extending the theory of planned behavior,&#8221; Journal of Food Products Marketing, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 960\u2013981, 2018, doi: 10.1080\/10454446.2018.1450173.\r\n[8]\tT. Furst, M. Connors, C. A. Bisogni, J. Sobal, and L. W. Falk, \u201cFood choice: A conceptual model of the process,\u201d Appetite, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 247\u2013266, 1996, doi: 10.1006\/appe.1996.0019.\r\n[9]\tA. Steptoe, T. M. Pollard, and J. Wardle, \u201cDevelopment of a Measure of the Motives Underlying the Selection of Food: the Food Choice Questionnaire,\u201d Appetite, vol. 25, pp. 267\u2013284, 1995.\r\n[10]\t[10]\tFatmasari Sukesti and Mamdukh Budiman, \u201cThe Influence Halal Label and Personal Religiousity on Purchase,\u201d International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 2289\u20131552, 2014.\r\n[11]\tHayat Muhammad Awan Ahmad Nabeel Siddiquei Zeeshan Haider, \u201cFactors affecting Halal purchase intention &#8211; evidence from Pakistan\u2019s Halal food sector,\u201d Management Research Review, vol. 38, no. 6, 2015, doi: 10.1108\/MRR-08-2013-0185.\r\n[12]\t[12]A. F. Koerner and P. Schrodt, \u201cAn Introduction to the Special Issue on Family Communication Patterns Theory,\u201d Journal of Family Communication, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1\u201315, 2014, doi: 10.1080\/15267431.2013.857328.\r\n[13]\tF. A. Koerner and F. Mary Anne, \u201cUnderstanding Family Communication Patterns and Family Functioning: The Roles of Conversation Orientation and Conformity Orientation,\u201d Annals of the International Communication Association, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 36\u201365, 2002, doi: 10.1080\/23808985.2002.11679010.\r\n[14]\tE. A. Rauscher, P. Schrodt, G. Campbell-Salome, and J. Freytag, \u201cThe Intergenerational Transmission of Family Communication Patterns: (In)consistencies in Conversation and Conformity Orientations across Two Generations of Family,\u201d Journal of Family Communication, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 97\u2013113, 2019, doi: 10.1080\/15267431.2019.1683563.\r\n[15]\tA. Hays, R. Maliski, and B. Warner, \u201cAnalyzing the Effects of Family Communication Patterns on the Decision to Disclose a Health Issue to a Parent: The Benefits of Conversation and Dangers of Conformity,\u201d Health Communication, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 837\u2013844, 2017, doi: 10.1080\/10410236.2016.1177898.\r\n[16]\tHamdia Mudor and Parichard Benrit, \u201cFactors Affecting Confidence in Thai,\u201d utccjournal, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 48\u201362, 2018, [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.tci-thaijo.org\/index.php\/utccjournalhs\/index.\r\n[17]\tPeerakan Wasuthonphiphat, \u201cTHAI CONSUMERS ON CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR ON \u2018 HALAL \u2019 FOOD IN BANG KOK METROPOLITAN AREA,\u201d SWU eJournals System, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 85\u2013102, 2010.\r\n[18]\tE. Dorrance Hall and J. McNallie, \u201cThe Mediating Role of Sibling Maintenance Behavior Expectations and Perceptions in the Relationship Between Family Communication Patterns and Relationship Satisfaction,\u201d Journal of Family Communication, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 386\u2013402, 2016, doi: 10.1080\/15267431.2016.1215316.\r\n[19]\t[19]\tM. Syukur and S. Nimsai, \u201cFactors influencing the purchase intention of halal packaged food in Thailand,\u201d International Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1\u20136, 2018.\r\n[20]\tand P. H. Alm, Siril, Svein Ottar Olsen, \u201cThe role of family communication and parents\u2019 feeding practices in children\u2019s food preferences,\u201d Appetite, vol. 89, pp. 112\u2013121, 2015, doi: 10.1016\/j.appet.2015.02.002.\r\n[21]\tN. Waijaraen, T. Jirawat, and J. Arttanuchit, \u201cKnowledge , Attitudes and Perceptions of Halal Food towards Consumption Behavior of University Students in the Three Southern Border Provinces , Thailand,\u201d in The 9th Hatyai National and International Conference, 2018, pp. 1692\u20131702.\r\n[22]\tC. Hesse, E. A. Rauscher, R. B. Goodman, and M. A. Couvrette, \u201cReconceptualizing the Role of Conformity Behaviors in Family Communication Patterns Theory,\u201d Journal of Family Communication, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 319\u2013337, 2017, doi: 10.1080\/15267431.2017.1347568.\r\n[23]\tJ. M. McLeod and  and G. J. O\u2019Keefe., \u201c\u2018The socialization perspective and communication behavior.\u2019 Current perspectives in mass communication research,\u201d pp. 121\u2013168, 1972.\r\n[24]\t[G. Fatemeh Shabani, \u201cThe effect of Halal signs and symptoms and consumers\u2019 purchase intention in Muslim and Non-Muslim countries &#8211; A review,\u201d International Journal of Busines and Management Invention, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 44\u201349, 2016.\r\n[25]\tS. Lada and  and H. A. Geoffrey Harvey Tanakinjall, \u201cPredicting intention to choose halal products using theory of reasoned action,\u201d International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 66\u201376, 2009, doi: 10.1108\/17538390910946276.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2494\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kuhafeesah Rongso, Prahastiwi Utari, Andre Rahmanto, &#8220;The Influence of Family Communication Patterns on Muslim Families in Choosing Halal Food in Thailand&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.347-351 November 2020\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41109<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2495\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2495\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2495\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/347-351.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2496\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2496\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2496\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-family-communication-patterns-on-muslim-families-in-choosing-halal-food-in-thailand\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Influence of Family Communication Patterns on Muslim Families in Choosing Halal Food in Thailand<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17e2768 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"17e2768\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17e2861 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17e2861\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e2a19\" data-id=\"17e2a19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17e2b60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17e2b60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17e2c0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17e2c0f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e2d8b\" data-id=\"17e2d8b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17e2eaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17e2eaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17e2f51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17e2f51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e30c1\" data-id=\"17e30c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17e31dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17e31dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17e3286 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17e3286\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e33d3\" data-id=\"17e33d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17e34ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17e34ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17e35a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17e35a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e36fc\" data-id=\"17e36fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17e3804 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17e3804\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17e38ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17e38ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e39ef\" data-id=\"17e39ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17e3afa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17e3afa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17e3b94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17e3b94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e3d02\" data-id=\"17e3d02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17e3e4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17e3e4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Use of Serials for Research by Postgraduate Students in University Libraries in Benue State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>NYIYONGO, Teryima Victor, Asen Anita Tersur (CLN), TOFI, Simon Ternenge (CLN) &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 352-360<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17e3eef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17e3eef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e4092\" data-id=\"17e4092\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17e4204 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17e4204\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2501\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2502\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2502\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2503\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2503\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2504\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2504\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2505\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2505\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2506\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2506\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2501\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2501\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This study investigate use of serials for research by postgraduate students in university libraries in Benue State, Nigeria. The main purpose of the study was to determine the use of serials for research by postgraduate students in university libraries in Benue State, Nigeria. The study employed a survey research design where entire population of 387 library registered postgraduate students of 2015\/2016 and 2016\/2017 academic sessions in three (3) universities in Benue State was used for the study because the population is manageable and accessible to the researcher. Thus, there was no sample. Two (2) research questions were raised and a null hypothesis formulated in line with the objectives to guide the study. The research instruments was a structured questionnaire which was subjected to face and content validity. Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire items and the analysis yielded a Cronbach Coefficient Alpha of 0.80. The questionnaire was administered by the researchers and a response rate of 387 (100%) was recorded. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages (%), mean ( ) and standard deviation (SD) to answer research questions while inferential statistics of Chi-square was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance.  The result of the findings revealed that Serials were readily available for research activities in university libraries in Benue state. Findings  also revealed that majority of the postgraduate students were challenged among others, by difficulty in locating needed serials, inadequate storage facilities; journals articles not indexed for easy access and inadequate power supply; lack of awareness of serial materials and poor attitude of library staff towards users. Results further revealed that the null hypothesis tested was rejected which implies that the opinions of postgraduate students differed significantly on the use of serials for research activities. Finally, conclusion and recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 352-360\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2502\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2502\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2502\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> NYIYONGO, Teryima Victor<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBenue State School of Nursing, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>  Asen Anita Tersur (CLN) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nHOD, Cataloguing and Classification Division, Library and Information Services, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> TOFI, Simon Ternenge <\/strong><\/span>\r\nBenue State School of Nursing, Makurdi, Nigeria \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2503\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2503\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2503\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAamir, R &#038;Diljit, S (2011). 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Ibadan: Spectruma Books Pp. 25-39. \r\n[36]\tOnuoha, U. D., Ikonne, C. N &#038;Madukoma, E. (2013) Perceived impact of library use on the research productivity of postgraduate students at Babcock University, Nigeria IOSR Journal of research &#038; method in education 1 (1), 11-16. \r\n[37]\tOwusu-Ansah, C.M &#038;Nutsupkui, E (2017). Awareness and Use of Serials in an African\r\n[38]\tOyediran, T. S (2004). Information Need and Seeking Behaviour of Library Users: Result from Yaba College of Technology, Lagos: Journal of library and information science. 2 (2) 12-16.\r\n[39]\tPopoola, M. O. (2006). Definition, Aims, and Objectives of Library. In Library education series ed Mathew O. Popoola. Akure: Moloye Educational Pp. 1-11.\r\n[40]\tPublication Output of Lecturers in Nigerian Universities. Journal of education and practice. 8 (2) 1-11\r\n[41]\tReitz, J. M (2004). Dictionary for Library and Information Science. India: Libraries unlimited\r\n[42]\tTomomowo-Ayodele, S. O &#038;Ayobami, B. H (2018). Evaluation of students\u2019 Access to Serial Publications in three Selected Universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Library philosophy and practice (e-journal) paper 1727 available at https:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilprac\/17\r\n[43]\tUfuoma, E, Akpojotor, O. L, Okonoko, V. N &#038;Aworo, P (2015). User\u2019s Utilization of Newspaper Media in a Nigerian University Library. Information and knowledge management. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.iiste.org\/Journals\/index.php\/IKM\/article\/view\/22299\r\n[44]\tUniversity Library: Faculty and Students\u2019 Perspective. Journal of information management and business review.9 (1) 39-48\r\n[45]\tUniversity, Jalgaon. International journal of library andinformation science, 6 (2), 35-39. \r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2504\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2504\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2504\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">NYIYONGO, Teryima Victor, Asen Anita Tersur (CLN), TOFI, Simon Ternenge  &#8220;Use of Serials for Research by Postgraduate Students in University Libraries in Benue State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.352-360 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/352-360.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2506\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2506\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2506\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/use-of-serials-for-research-by-postgraduate-students-in-university-libraries-in-benue-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Use of Serials for Research by Postgraduate Students in University Libraries in Benue State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f0f3c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17f13a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17f1511\" data-id=\"17f1511\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f1649 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17f1649\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17f1703 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17f1703\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17f188d\" data-id=\"17f188d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f19c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17f19c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17f1a78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17f1a78\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17f1c00\" data-id=\"17f1c00\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f1d2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17f1d2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17f1de0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17f1de0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17f1f57\" data-id=\"17f1f57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f207d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17f207d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17f212e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17f212e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17f22a1\" data-id=\"17f22a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f23ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17f23ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17f24ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17f24ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17f2666\" data-id=\"17f2666\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f27db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17f27db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Mental Health Impact of Sexual Violence: Attending To the Unmet Needs of Rape Survivors in Bayelsa State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Endurance Avah Zacchaeus, Lawrence Ayah Iruo- November 2020 Page No.: 361-371<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17f289b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17f289b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17f2a7b\" data-id=\"17f2a7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f2c5c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"17f2c5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2511\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2512\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2513\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2514\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2515\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2516\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2511\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2511\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Current statistics show an alarming rise in the incidence of sexual violence and rape in Nigeria. This, potentially, constitutes a major mental health challenge. Apart from physical health impacts, research has consistently shown a strong nexus between sexual violence and poor mental health including suicide among survivors. Nevertheless, in Nigeria, the response of individuals, government agencies and organisations to cases of sexual violence and rape has predominantly been medico-legal, while ignoring the psycho-social and mental health aftermaths. Therefore, rape survivors are left with unmet short-term, intermediate and long-term mental health care needs.  This paper reviews sexual violence, rape in particular being the most prevalent form of sexual violence in our communities with a view to enhancing understanding of the problem among the public and drawing attention of concerned authorities and critical stake-holders. It specifically addresses relevant concepts of sexual violence including definition, prevalence, factors that may influence its occurrence as well as common mental health consequences and psychological interventions for survivors.  The paper concludes with key recommendations aimed at addressing rape survivors&#8217; psychological support and mental healthcare needs as well as preventive strategies aimed at checking the menace in Bayelsa State, and Nigeria in general. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 361-371\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2512\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2512\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Endurance Avah Zacchaeus\r\n<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBayelsa State Ministry of Health, Yenagoa, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Lawrence Ayah Iruo,\r\n<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing,Faculty of Nursing Sciences,Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island,\r\n Bayelsa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2513\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2513\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbbey, A. 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Communication \tResearch, 13(4), 560-578.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2514\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2514\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Endurance Avah Zacchaeus, Lawrence Ayah Iruo, &#8220;The Mental Health Impact of Sexual Violence: Attending To the Unmet Needs of Rape Survivors in Bayelsa State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.361-371 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/361-371.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2516\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2516\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-mental-health-impact-of-sexual-violence-attending-to-the-unmet-needs-of-rape-survivors-in-bayelsa-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Mental Health Impact of Sexual Violence: Attending To the Unmet Needs of Rape Survivors in Bayelsa State<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-180296d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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data-id=\"1802dcb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1802f31\" data-id=\"1802f31\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1803046 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1803046\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18030f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18030f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-180323b\" data-id=\"180323b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1803352 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1803352\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18033f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18033f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-180353b\" data-id=\"180353b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1803649 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1803649\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18036ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18036ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1803832\" data-id=\"1803832\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-180393d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"180393d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18039d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18039d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1803b23\" data-id=\"1803b23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1803c28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1803c28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1803ccc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1803ccc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1803ea1\" data-id=\"1803ea1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1804158 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1804158\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adijat Olubukola OLATEJU, Rasaq Akonji DANMOLA, Abubakar Wambai AMINU- November 2020 Page No.: 372-377<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1804235 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1804235\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18043c2\" data-id=\"18043c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1804514 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1804514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2511\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2512\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2513\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2514\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2515\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2516\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2511\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2511\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Entrepreneurship development is not a new tool for poverty reduction across the globe. However, with the recent awareness of the need to make the environment healthy for people, planet, and bio diversity, the need for sustainable entrepreneurship has been in the limelight. For sustainability to be achieved in terms of economic, social and environment, entrepreneurs both in developed and developing countries have been encouraged on the need to go green in their business activities. However, in most developing countries like Nigeria, the awareness is low. In view of this, this study focuses on this grey area of research by conceptualizing what sustainable entrepreneurship is all about. Specifically, the study explains the concept of sustainable development and sustainable entrepreneurship, examines the prospects in sustainable entrepreneurship, and identifies some challenges that could be encountered when entrepreneurs embarked on sustainable entrepreneurship. This will help to create awareness for both existing entrepreneurs and new entrepreneurs on the need to go green in their business activities, which will eventually help to safeguard people and the environment from environmental issues such as pollution and degradation and at the same time enhances profitability. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 372-377\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41110<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2512\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2512\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2512\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adijat Olubukola OLATEJU\r\n<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>  Rasaq Akonji DANMOLA<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar Wambai AMINU\r\n<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2513\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2513\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2513\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tArdichvili, A., Cardozo, R. &#038; Ray, S. 2003. A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity \r\n[2]\tIdentification and development. Journal of Business Venturing, 18,105\u2013123. Available at: http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0883902601000684\r\n[3]\tBelz, F. M., &#038; Binder, J. K. (2017). Sustainable entrepreneurship: A convergent process model. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(1), 1-17.\r\n[4]\tBruyat, C., &#038; Julien, P. A. 2000). Defining the field of research in Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business venturing, 16, 165-180.  \r\n[5]\tCarsrud, A. L., &#038;Brannback, M. E. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Greenwood Publishing Group,  Business &#038; Economics \r\n[6]\tCohen B., and Winn M. (2007). Market imperfections, opportunity and sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 29-49. \r\n[7]\tDimov, D. (2007). Beyond the Single-Person, Single- insight Attribution in understanding Entrepreneurial Opportunities, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 31(5), 713-731\r\n[8]\tElkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. Capstone, Oxford, 1997, 402 pp. ISBN 1-900961-27-X. \r\n[9]\tEmas, R. (2015). Brief for GSDR 2015 The Concept of Sustainable Development: Definition and Defining Principles, Florida International University\r\n[10]\tGast, J., Gundolf, K., &#038;Cesinger, B. (2017). Doing business in a green way: A systematic review of the ecological sustainability entrepreneurship literature and future research directions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 147, 44\u201356.\r\n[11]\tGetzner, M., Grabner-Krauter, S. (2004). Consumer preferences and marketing strategies for \u201cgreen shares\u201d. The International Journal of Bank Marketing, 22 (4), 260\u2013278.\r\n[12]\tGeverenova, T. (2015). Nature and Characteristics of green entrepreneurship. Trakia Journal of Sciences,13(2), 321-323.\r\n[13]\tGatner, W, B. (1989). Who is an Entrepreneur? is the wrong Question. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 13(4), 47-68.\r\n[14]\tGibbs, D. (2009). Sustainability Entrepreneurs, Ecopreneurs and the Development of a Sustainable Economy. Greener Management International, 55, 63-78.\r\n[15]\tGreco, A. &#038; De Jong, G. (2017). Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Definitions, Themes and \r\n[16]\tResearch Gaps. Working Paper Series. Centre for Sustainable Entrepreneurship. University of Groningen\/ Campus Fryslan.\r\n[17]\t\u0130yig\u00fcn, N. \u00d6. (2015). What could Entrepreneurship do for Sustainable Development? A Corporate Social Responsibility-Based Approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1226-1231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.06.253\r\n[18]\tKirzner, I., 1973. Competition and Entrepreneurship. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.\r\n[19]\tKushwaha, R. (2010). Green marketing: Opportunity for Innovation and Sustainable Development; Jhunjhunwala Business School: Faizabad, India, \r\n[20]\tLenczuk From Corporate Greenwashing to Ecopreneurship: Sustainability as a Business Model \r\n[21]\tHannah KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Communication\r\n[22]\tLotfi, M., Yousefi, A., &#038;Jafari, S.`(2018). The Effect of Emerging Green Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development in Knowledge-Based Companies. Sustainability, 10. 2308\r\n[23]\tMajid, I., Latif, A., &#038;Koe, W. (2017). SMEs intention towards sustainable Entrepreneurship. Journal of Multidisciplinary studies, 8385, 24-32. \r\n[24]\tMcMullen J. S., &#038; Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial Action and the role of Uncertainty in the theory of the Entrepreneur. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 132-152.\r\n[25]\tMoney U. &#038;Odibo E.E. (2015). Nigeria small and medium business management: An effect of entrepreneurship skills. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management studies,6(3), 31\u201336.\r\n[26]\tMoshina V (2015). Does Entrepreneurship Contribute to Sustainable Development? ASystematic Literature Review Title of thesis Does Entrepreneurship Contribute to Sustainable Development? A Systematic Literature Review Department of Management Studies Aalto University School of Business\r\n[27]\tOluremi, H. A. &#038;Gbenga, M. A.  (2011). Environmental factors and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable development in Africa, 166-176.\r\n[28]\tPacheco D. F., Dean T. J., &#038; Payne D, S. (2010). Escaping the green prison: Entrepreneurship and the creation of opportunities for sustainable development. Journal of business venture, 25, 464-480\r\n[29]\tSarason, Y., Dean, T., &#038; Dillard J. F. (2006). Entrepreneurship as the Nexus of individual and Opportunity: A structuration View. Journal of Business Venturing, 21 (3), 286-305.\r\n[30]\tSavitz A. W., &#038; Weber, K., (2006). The Triple Bottom Line. Jossey \u2013Bass, San Francisco, CA.\r\n[31]\tSchaper, M., 2002. The essence of ecopreneurship. Greener Management International, 38, 26\u201331.\r\n[32]\tSchumpeter, J. A. (1934). Theory of Economic Development; Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1934.\r\n[33]\tSendawula, K., Turyakira, P., &#038;Alioni, C. (2018). Sustainable entrepreneurship intention among university students in Uganda: A conceptual paper. African Journal of Business Management, 12(6), 131-139.\r\n[34]\tShane, S., (2004). A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: the Individual-opportunity Nexus. Edward Elgar, Northhampton\r\n[35]\tShane, S., &#038;Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. Academic of Management Review, 25(1). 217-226. \r\n[36]\tShepherd D. A., &#038;Patzelt, H. (2011). The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship: studying \r\n[37]\tEntrepreneurial Action linking \u201cWhat is to be sustained with what is to be developed\u201d. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 465-493.\r\n[38]\tStandberg, B., &#038;Aarikka-Stenroos, L. (2014). What makes it so difficult? A systematic reviewon barriers to radical innovation. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(8), 1293-1305\r\n[39]\tUdih, M., &#038; Emmanuel Odibo, E. (2016). The Impact of Entrepreneurship Growth in the Development of Nigerian Economy. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 15(4), 1-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/BJEMT\/2016\/27738\r\n[40]\tUN Conference on the Human Environment (1972). Declaration of the United Nations Conference on Human Development, Stockholm, Sweden. \r\n[41]\tUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)., (2012).United Nations Environment TheBusiness Case for the Green Economy Sustainable Return on Investment \r\n[42]\tVan de Ven, A. H. (1993). The Development of an Infrastructure for Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 343-358.\r\n[43]\tVenkataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research: An Editors Perspective. In Katz, Brockhaus R, Editors. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. \r\n[44]\tWorld Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK.\r\n[45]\tYoung, W., &#038; Tilley, F., 2006. Can businesses move beyond efficiency? The shift toward effectiveness and equity in the corporate sustainability debate. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15(6), 402\u2013415.\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2514\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2514\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2514\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adijat Olubukola OLATEJU, Rasaq Akonji DANMOLA, Abubakar Wambai AMINU, &#8220;Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.372-377 November 2020\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2020.41110<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2515\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2515\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2515\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/372-377.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2516\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2516\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2516\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sustainable-entrepreneurship-and-sustainable-development-in-nigeria-prospects-and-challenges\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1805543 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1805543\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1805637 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1805637\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18057c6\" data-id=\"18057c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18058e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18058e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1805994 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1805994\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1805af2\" data-id=\"1805af2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1805c0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1805c0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1805cb0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1805cb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1805e19\" data-id=\"1805e19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1805f24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1805f24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1805fc9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1805fc9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1806113\" data-id=\"1806113\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1806225 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1806225\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18062c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18062c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1806416\" data-id=\"1806416\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-180652f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"180652f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18065d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18065d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col- elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-180671e\" data-id=\"180671e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1806a02\" data-id=\"1806a02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1806b66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1806b66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>In-service Teacher Training Programs in Libya: EFL Teachers&#8217; Perceptions and Training Efficiency<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Talal M. Amara &#8211; November 2020 Page No.: 378-385<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1806c1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1806c1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1806db4\" data-id=\"1806db4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-180f91b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"180f91b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2522\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2523\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2524\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2525\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2526\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2521\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The current study focuses on the perceptions of EFL teachers of the in-service training programs in Libya. It also attempts to find out the impact of the in-service training programs on teachers. A survey was sent to 59 EFL teachers across the country. 10 more teachers were interviewed to find out their views of the training. The results of the study reveal that teachers found the in-service training programs very helpful, and provided them with new teaching skills. However, most participants complained about the lack of necessary materials and technological devices without which implementing these new teaching skills and strategies will not be as productive as it should be. The author strongly recommend the Libyan ministry of education and other stakeholders to provide teachers with all necessary materials needed for classroom learning. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 378-385\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 December 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2522\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2522\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2522\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Talal M. Amara<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSabratha University, Libya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2523\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2523\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2523\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAkyel, A. (2003). Yabanci bir dil olarak \u0130ngilizce e\u011fitimi ve \u00f6\u011fretiminde ya\u015fanan sorunlar, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri ve geli\u015fmeler [English language teaching as a foreign language and problems of teaching it, solutions and developments] . Avrupa birli\u011fine giri\u015f s\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrk e\u011fitim sisteminde yabanci dil e\u011fitimi ve kalite aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131. ed. \u0130rfan Erdo\u011fan. \u0130stanbul: \u00d6zel Okullar Derne\u011fi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 97-102.\r\n[2]\tAngrist, J. D., &#038; Lavy, V. (2001). Does teacher training affect pupil learning? Evidence from matched comparisons in Jerusalem public schools. Journal of labor economics, 19 (2), 343-369.\r\n[3]\tAydin, D. (2008). Teachers in-service training programme by y\u04e7neticiler supporting education projection. Levels of knowledge and skills acquired as a result of investigation (Master of Science Thesis). Yeditepe University: Istanbul.\r\n[4]\tBasturkmen, H., Loewen, S., &#038; Ellis, R. (2004). Teachers&#8217; stated beliefs about incidental focus on form and their classroom practices. Applied linguistics, 25(2), 243-272.\r\n[5]\tBlank, R. K., de las Alas, N., &#038; Smith, C. (2007). Analysis of the quality of professional development programs for mathematics and science teachers: Findings from a cross-state study. Washington, DC: Council of Chief State School Officers.\r\n[6]\t\u00c7elik, S. (2016). Setting new standards for in-service teacher training: A model for responsive professional development in the context of English Language Teaching. In Dikilitas, K., Hakki Erten, I. (Eds.) Facilitating In-Service Teacher Training for Professional Development. IGI Global, pp. 300-310.\r\n[7]\tCohen, D. K., &#038; Hill, H. (2001). Learning policy: When state education reform works. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.\r\n[8]\tCollinson, V. &#038; Ono, Y. (2001). Professional development of teachers in United States and Japan. European Journal of Teacher Education, 24, 223-248.\r\n[9]\tConstantino, R. (1994). A study concerning instruction of ESL students comparing all-English classroom teacher knowledge and English as a second language teacher knowledge. 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M., McMurray M., &#038; Traish, A. (2016). A comparative study of English language teacher recruitment, in-service education and retention in Latin America and the Middle East.\r\n[16]\tJohnston, B., &#038; Goettsch, K. (2000). In search of the knowledge base of language teaching: Explanations by experienced teachers. Canadian Modern Language Review, 56(3), 437-468.\r\n[17]\tKailani, T. Z. (2004). A Synthesized Pedagogical Methodology for English Classroom Interaction.\r\n[18]\tKavak, N., H. Yamak, S.C. Bilici, E. Bozkurt, O. Darici and Y. Ozkaya, (2012). The evaluation of primary and secondary teachers\u201f opinion about in-service teacher training. 4th World Conference on Educational Sciences (WCES-2012) 02-05. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46: 3507 \u2013 3511.\r\n[19]\tKnapp, M. S. (2003). Professional development as policy pathway. Review of Research in Education, 27(1), 109\u2013157.\r\n[20]\tKoch, J. (2006). Relating learning theories to pedagogy for preservice elementary science education. Elementary science teacher education, 91-106.\r\n[21]\tLee, I. (2007). Preparing pre-service language teachers for reflective practice. ELT Journal, 61(4): 321-329.\r\n[22]\tLiu, X. (2006). Exploration of issues and models of new curriculum training for rural junior high school English teachers, Foreign Language Teaching and Research in Basic Education, 70(12), 51-53. \r\n[23]\tMattheoudakis, K. M. (2007). Tracking changes in pre-service EFL teacher beliefs in Greece: A longitudinal study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23, 1272\u20131288. doi:10.1016\/j.tate.2006.06.001\r\n[24]\tNicolaidis, K., &#038; Mattheoudakis, M. (2008). Utopia vs. reality: the effectiveness of in\u2010service training courses for EFL teachers. European Journal of Teacher Education, 31(3), 279-292.\r\n[25]\tPeacock, M. (2001). Match or mismatch? Learning styles and teaching styles in EFL. International journal of applied linguistics, 11(1), 1-20.\r\n[26]\tRajabi, P., Kiany, G. R., &#038; Maftoon, P. (2011). ESP in-service teacher training programs: Do they change Iranian teachers&#8217; beliefs, classroom practices and students&#8217; achievements?. Ib\u00e9rica, Revista de la Asociaci\u00f3n Europea de Lenguas para Fines Espec\u00edficos, (24), 261-282.\r\n[27]\tRichards, J. C. (2008). Second Language Teacher Education Today. RELC. Singapore: Sage Publication, 39(2), 158-177. \r\n[28]\tSaban, A. (2002). Toward a More Intelligent School. Educational Leadership, 60(2), 71-73.\r\n[29]\tSchulz, R. A. (2000). Foreign language teacher development: MLJ Perspectives 1916\u20131999. Modern Language Journal, 84, 496\u2013522.\r\n[30]\tSchwille, J. &#038; Demb\u00e9l\u00e9, M. (2007). Global perspectives on teacher learning: improving policy and practice. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning.\r\n[31]\tSnow-Renner, R., &#038; Lauer, P. (2005). Professional development analysis. Denver, CO: Mid-Continent Research for Education and Learning.\r\n[32]\tSupovitz, J. A., Mayer, D. P., &#038; Kahle, J. B. (2000). Promoting inquiry-based instructional practice: The longitudinal impact of professional development in the context of systemic reform. Educational Policy, 14(3), 331\u2013356.\r\n[33]\tWen, Q.F. &#038; Ren, Q.M. (2010). On the tertiary EFL teacher in-service professional development in China: Trends, Characteristics, Problems and Solutions -By reviewing the related literature from 1999 to 2009. FLC. 7(4), 77-83.\r\n[34]\tWidden, M.F., Mayer-Smith, J.A., &#038; Moon, B.J. (1996). Knowledge, Teacher Development and Change. In Teachers\u2019 Professional Lives, In I. F. Goodson &#038; A. Hargreaves (Eds.). London: Falmer Press, 187-205.\r\n[35]\tWu, C.C., Y.H. Chen, G.C. Lee, R.G. Ho and G.F. Chiou, (2004). Evaluation of an in-service teacher training program for ICT integration. In L. Cantoni &#038; C. McLoughlin (Eds.), Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications: pp: 3451-3455.\r\n[36]\tYamani, S. (2006). Toward a national education development paradigm in the Arab world: A comparative study of Saudi Arabia and Qatar. The Fletcher School Online Journal for issues related to Southwest Asia and Islamic Civilization. \r\n[37]\tZhang, Z. &#038; Li, S. (2003). English teacher development, Curriculum, Teaching Material and Method, 23(11), 59-66.\r\n[38]\tZughoul, M. R. (2003). Globalization and EFL\/ESL pedagogy in the Arab World.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2524\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2524\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2524\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Talal M. Amara  &#8220;In-service Teacher Training Programs in Libya: EFL Teachers&#8217; Perceptions and Training Efficiency&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-4-issue-11, pp.378-385 November 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/378-385.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2525\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2525\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2525\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-4-issue-11\/378-385.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2526\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2526\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2526\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/in-service-teacher-training-programs-in-libya-efl-teachers-perceptions-and-training-efficiency\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In-service Teacher Training Programs in Libya: EFL Teachers&#8217; Perceptions and Training Efficiency<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-181093f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"181093f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18144a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18144a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-181456a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"181456a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18146db\" data-id=\"18146db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1814800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1814800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18148a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18148a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18149fe\" data-id=\"18149fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1814b8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1814b8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1521457366357{margin-bottom: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row] [vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]A Review of Women and Leadership in Tertiary Education in Cameroon: Adversities and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1439,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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